History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan:

iiiiipiiiiii

aiOGRAPHieitfe

HISTORY

OF

Detroit 0 Wz^ayne County

EARLY MICHIGAN

A Clironologrical Cyclopedia of tlie

PAST ANO PRESENT

Bjy SILAS ^RMER, City Historiographer
"native here and to the manner born''

a*. PUBLISHED BY

SILAS FARMER & CO

Corner of Monroe Avenue and Farmer Street, Detroit

FOR

MUNSELL & CO., NEW YORK
1890

Copyright, 1884, by Silas Farmer.
Copyright, 1889, by Silas Farmer.
Copyright, 1890, by Silas Farmer.

All Rights Reserved.

Electrotyped and Printed by
The Detroit Free Press Company.

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

The insertion of biographical sketches in the first edition of this work was suggested to the
author, but it was deemed best to postpone the preparation of such material until the subject
could be given greater attention.

The successful sale of the first edition, and the gratifying demand for a second, has now
given opportunity for this addition, which is certainly appropriate in a local history ; for without citi-
zens there would be neither city nor history, and brief biographies of representatives of various classes
of its business and professional men wnll give a fairly representative idea of the city.

Some of the biographies are of necessity brief, as no other facts could be obtained. In
gathering material for several of the biographies, I am indebted to Lanman's Red Book of
Michigan, to the American Biographical History (Michigan volume), and to the Magazine of
Western History.

Many other names might have appeared with propriety ; indeed, other biographies were pre-
pared, and other portraits engraved, which, almost at the last moment, were omitted, as it was found
that they would increase the volume to an unreasonable size.

In addition to the large amount of entirely new matter, the work as a whole has been
thoroughly revised.

The Author.

PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION.

In preparing the third edition of this work, the aim has been to embody all the desirable facts
that could be obtained, concerning the history of the several townships of the county.

Diligent efforts have been made to secure material, very many of the older residents have been
interviewed, and all the township records examined.

The history of each township is so related to the general history of the county, and to Detroit,
that very many facts that might as appropriately have been given in the township histories, are given
in various Chapters in the first volume, and to these, and especially to Chapters twenty, twenty-one
and twenty-two, the reader is referred.

The author assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the personal sketches at the close of
the volume, as they were collected by the firm of Munsell & Co., for whom this third edition is
printed.

The Author.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART XIII- BIOGRAPHICAL.

CHAPTER XC.

Mayors of Detroit.— Solomon Sibley — Elijah Brush — John R. Williams — Henry J. Hunt — John
Biddle — Jonathan Kearsley — Marshall Chapin — Levi Cook — Charles C. Trowbridge— Andrew
Mack — Henry Howard — Augustus S. Porter. — Asher B. Bates — DeGarmo Jones — Zina Pitcher-
Douglass Houghton — James A. Van Dyke— Frederick Buhl— Charles Howard — John Ladue —
Zachariah Chandler — John H. Harmon — Oliver M. Hyde— Henry Ledyard— John Patton— Chris-
tian H. Buhl — William C. Duncan — Kirkland C. Barker — Merrill I. Mills — William W. Wheaton—
Hugh Moffat— Alexander Lewis — George C. Langdon — William G. Thompson — Stephen B.
Grummond — Marvin H. Chamberlain — John Pridgeon, Jr. 1031-1050

CHAPTER XCL

Governors, Senators, Bankers, and Capitalists.— Russell A. Alger — John J. Bagley — Henry
P. Baldwin — Lewis Cass — S. Dow Elwood — Jacob M. Howard — James F. Joy —Henry B. Led-
yard — James McMillan — Hugh McMillan — John S. Newberry — John Owen — David Preston —
Thomas W. Palmer — Francis Palms — Martin S. Smith — William H. Stevens — William B.
Wesson — William Woodbridge. ^ 105 1-1077

CHAPTER XCII.

Authors, Editors, Publishers, Physicians and Military Officers— Hugh Brady— James B. Book
— William H. Brearley — J. Henry Carstens — Henry A. Cleland — George Dawson — Arent S.
DePeyster — John Farmer — Charles Hastings — Edward W. Jenks — Herman Kiefer — Alexander
Macomb — Frederick Morley - Rollin C. Olin — John Pulford — William E. Quinby — James E.
Scripps — John P. Sheldon — Morse Stewart — Francis X. Spranger — John Trumbull — William
A. Throop — Henry O. Walker — Anthony Wayne — Richard S. Willis — Orlando B. Wilcox —
Hal C. Wyman — Charles C. Yemans. 1078-1109

vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XCIII.

Judges and Lawyers.— John Atkinson — Levi Bishop — James V. Campbell — Don M. Dickinson —
Julian G Dickinson — Samuel T. Douglass — D. Bethune Duffield — Henry M. Duffield — Edmund
Hall — DeWitt C. Holbrook — George H. Hopkins — Willard M. Lillibridge — George V. N. Lothrop

— William A. Moore — George F. Porter — Ralph Phelps, Jr. — James A. Randall — Charles L
Walker— Edward C. Walker — William P. Wells — Albert H. Wilkinson — James Witherell —
Benjamin F. H. Witherell. 1110-1134

CHAPTER XCIV.

Merchants.— Henry J . Buckley — James Burns — William K. Coyl — Thomas F. Dudley — William
H. Elliott— James L. Edson— Jacob S. Farrand — John Farrar — Benjamin F. Farrington —
Dexter M. Ferry— Aaron C. Fisher — Richard H. Fyfe— Rufus W. Gillett — Henry Glover-
Jeremiah Godfrey — Bruce Goodfellov^ — Theodore P. Hall — George H. Hammond — Samuel
Heavenrich — Emil S. Heineman — Chauncey Hurlbut — Joshua S. Ingalls — Charles S. Isham —
Richard Macauley — Thomas McGraw — Nicol Mitchell — George F. Moore — James V. Moran —
Cyrenius A. Newcomb — Henry A. Newland — Thomas Palmer — George Peck —James E. Pittman

— William Reid — William D. Robinson — Alanson Sheley— Osias W. Shipman — Aaron L.
Watkins — Frederick Wetmore —-George C. Wetherbee — H. Kirke White. 1 135-1 174

CHAPTER XCV.

Manufacturers and Inventors.— William S. Armitage — Absalom Backus, Jr. — Carleton A. Beardsley

— Thomas Berry— Calvin K. Brandon — William A. Burt — Wells Burt — John Burt — George
S. Davis — Solomon Davis — Alexander Delano — Jeremiah Dwyer — Jacob B. Fox — George
H. Gale — John S. Gray — Thomas F. Griffin — Gilbert Hart — Samuel F. Hodge — F. A. Hubel—
James McGregor— Joseph B. Moore — Michael J. Murphy — David O. Paige — Hervey C. Parke —
Hazen S. Pingree — David M. Richardson — Fordyce H. Rogers — Frederick Stearns — Joseph
Toynton — J. Hill Whiting. 1 175-1207

CHAPTER XCVI.

Land Dealers, Lumber Manufacturers, Vessel Owners, Railroad and Insurance Mana-
gers, Etc.— Francis Adams — James A. Armstrong — Stephen Baldwin — Edmund A. Brush —
William N. Carpenter — John P. Clark — E. W. Cottrell — Darius Cole — Alfred A. Dwight —
Eralsy Ferguson — Moses W. Field — George S. Frost — J. Huff Jones — Edward Lyon — Charles
Merrill — Franklin Moore — Stephen Moore — John B. MuUiken — Joseph Nicholson — Charles
Noble — Charles W. Noble — Charles L. Ortmann — Samuel Pitts — John E. Potts —Henry P. Pulling

— David R. Shaw — Elliott T. Slocum — Giles B. Slocum — John D. Standish — Isaac N. Swain —
Anson Waring — Jared C. Warner — Deodatus C. Whitwood — Eber B. Ward - Emily Ward.

I 208- I 236

CHAPTER XCVIl.

Merchants and Manufacturers.— John Brennan — Conrad Clippert — Victor Colliau — Sidney B.
Dixon —Walter John Gould — DeWitt C. Gage — John Allen Gray — William A. Gray — Anthony
F. Grosfield — Edward W. Leech — Charles H. Preston — John V. Ruehle — Henry Spitzley.

1 237-1 244

TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii

CHAPTER XCVIIl.

Township and Biographical.— Brownstown. — Canton : Biographies of John Huston, Orlando R.
Pattengell, Robert Crawford Safford.— Dearborn : Biographies of Elizur R. Carver, William Daly,
James Gardner, Edward Sparrow Snow, John B. Wallace. - Ecorce : Biographies of Jerome Holland
Bishop, George Clark, Thomas D. Evans, James T. Hurst, F. A. Kirby, Walter C. Lambert, The-
ophilus J. Langlois, Hyacinthe F. Riopelle, Alexis M. Salliotte.— Greenfield : Biography of James
McFarlane.— Grosse Point : Biography of Amandus Vandendriessche. — Hamtramck : Biographies of
Christopher Damitio, John E. Edwards — Huron.— Livonia : Biography of William M. Shaw.— Mon-
guagon : Biographies of James Woodruff Clark, John Clee, Isaac Callendar Saunders, Phineas Earll
Saunders. — Nankin : Biography of Ebenezer O. Bennett. — Plymouth : Biographies of Jared S. Lap-
ham, Theodore C. Sherwood, John Marcus Swift.— Redford : Biographies of Felix Gauthier, George
C. Gordon, George C. Lawrence. — Romulus. — Springwells : Biography of Joseph H. Clixby. — Sump-
ter. — Taylor. — Van Buren. 1 247-1 383

Personal Sketches, 1385- 1473

PART XIII.

BIOGRAPHICAL,

CHAPTER XC.

MAYORS.

SOLOMON SIBLEY was born in Sutton, Massa-
chusetts, October 7, 1769. He came to Detroit very
soon after the Territory was surrendered by the
English, and in January, 1799, was elected a mem-
ber, from Wayne County, of the General Assembly
of the Northwest Territory, and was largely instru-
mental in procuring the passage of the Act of 1802,
incorporating the town of Detroit.

In recognition of his services the electors of the
town, at the first election, conferred upon him the
freedom of the corporation, and after the second
election he became Chairman of the Board of Trus-
tees, and under the first city charter of 1806, was
made Mayor of the city.

He also held numerous other offices, serving as
Auditor of the Territory from 18 14 to 18 17, was
United States Attorney from 181 5 to 1823, and
Delegate in Congress, from Michigan, from 1821 to
1823, and one of the Judges of the Supreme Court
of the Territory from 1823 to 1837.

The recital of the offices he filled, is abundant
indication of the esteem in which he was held, and
in ability he was the peer of any who were then in
office in the Territory, or citizens of Detroit.

He was married in October. 1802, to Sarah
Whipple Sproat. They had eight children, as fol-
lows : Colonel Ebenezer Sproat Sibley, of United
States Army; Katherine Whipple, wife of C. C.
Trowbridge ; Henry Hastings Sibley, ex-Governor
of Minnesota; Augusta, wife of James A. Arm-
stong ; Mary, wife of Charles S. Adams ; Alexan-
der Hamilton Sibley; Sarah Alexandrine Sibley,
and Frederic Baker Sibley, of Detroit.

Solomon Sibley died at Detroit, April 4, 1846.

poration, and in the same year served also as super-
visor.

In 1805 he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of
the Legionary Corps of Territorial Militia, and un-
der the Act of 1806 was appointed the second Mayor
of Detroit.

In 1 806 he was also appointed Treasurer of the
Territory, and served until December 13, 18 [3, and
from 181 1 to 1 8 14 also held the office of United
States Attorney.

After the surrender of Detroit to the English, in
i8r2, Colonel Brush with other citizens was com-
pelled by General Proctor to leave the Territory.
Reaching Toronto, then known as York, he met
his brother-in-law, a British officer, through whose
interposition he was paroled, and sent within the
American hnes.

In October, 181 3, with General Harrison's troops,
he re-entered Detroit, and in December, 18 [3, he
died.

Colonel Brush married Adelaide Askin, a daughter
of John Askin, of Detroit, and in 1806 became the
owner of the Askin, afterwards known as the Brush
Farm.

He left three sons and a daughter.

JOHN R. WILLIAMS was born at Detroit, May
4, 1782, and was the only son of Thomas Williams,
a native of Albany, New York, who came to Detroit
in 1765, and married a sister of the late Joseph
Campau.

He received an appointment in the Army in 1796,
and entered the service under General Wilkinson,
at Fort Marsac, on the Cumberland River, in Ten-

ELIJAH BRUSH was born at Bennington, Ver-
mont, and came to Detroit in 1798. His father
was a Colonel in the Revolutionary Army, and
took part in the battle of Bennington.

Elijah Brush graduated at Dartmouth College,
began the study of law, and was admitted to the
bar. He first practised his profession in Detroit.

In 1803, within five years after he arrived in
Detroit, he was elected a trustee of the town cor-

In 1799 he resigned, at the solicitation of Mr.
Campau, and returned to Detroit, to engage in
business. They formed a partnership to engage in
the Indian trade, and Mr. Williams went to Mon-
treal to purchase goods. While on board a small
sloop at Queenstown, he became engaged in an
altercation with a Frenchman named La Salle, a de-
scendant of the renowned navigator and explorer.
It resulted in their fighting a duel across a table, in

I032

MAYORS.

which La Salle was shot and severely wounded,
Mr. Williams was arrested and carried to Montreal.
where he remained under bail for several months,
but was finally discharged.

In 1802 he returned to Detroit, and embarked in
the fur trade and general mercantile business.

During the war of 1812 he was made Captain of
an artillery company. At the time of Hull's sur-
render he became a prisoner, but was paroled, and
moved with his family to Albany, where he re-
mained until 181 5, w^hen he returned to Detroit and
resumed business.

In the year 181 5 he was appointed Associate Jus-
tice of the County Court, and in 18 18 was made
one of the County Commissioners, and in the same
year was also appointed Adjutant General of the
Territory, and served until 1829.

He was the author of the City Charter of 1824,
and served as the first Mayor under it, and was
elected to the same office in 1830, 1844, 1845, and
1846.

He served as President of the Constitutional Con-
vention held at Ann Arbor in 1835, and was active
at all times in all political matters.

He was also always interested in military affairs,
and at the breaking out of the Black Hawk war was
in command of the Territorial troops, and went to
Chicago to aid in defending the western settlements.

He owned a large amount of real estate, and his
name and the names of members of his family are
perpetuated in the names of several of the streets of
the city.

He married Mary Mott, daughter of Major Ger-
shom Mott, on October 25, 1804.

They had ten children, viz.: Ferdinand ; Theo-
dore ; G. Mott ; Thomas ; John C. ; James Mott ; J.
C. Devereux ; Elizabeth, first wife of Colonel John
Winder ; Cecilia ; Mary C. A., married first to David
Smart, second to Commodore J. P. McKinstry ; she
died in 1876.

Mr. Williams died at Detroit, October 20, 1854.

HENRY JACKSON HUNT was the eldest son
of Colonel Thomas Hunt, of . the Revolutionary
Army, afterwards Colonel of the Second Regiment
of the United States Army, who died in St. Louis.
It fell to the lot of his son, Henry Jackson Hunt, to
care for the orphaned children.

He came from New York to Detroit soon after
the Americans obtained possession, and served as
Colonel of the Militia during most or all of the time
from 1800 to i8r3.

He was a leading merchant and also held various
offices ; was one of the Judges of the County Court
in 181 5, City Assessor in 1 81 7, Trustee of the Uni-
versity in 1821, one of the Trustees of the C<^rpora-
tion of Detroit in 1823, and in 1826 was elected

Mayor of the city, and died on September 15, 1826,
before the expiration of his term of office.

He was universally esteemed as a citizen and was
prominent in all the literary, philanthropic, and re-
ligious projects of his time, and few persons in
Detroit were as well and favorably known.

He was almost universally spoken of as Henry I.
Hunt, but his middle name was Jackson.

He had but few relatives in Detroit. Cleveland
Hunt, a nephew, is the only representative left in
the city.

JOHN BIDDLE was born in Philadelphia in
March, 1792.

He was the son of Charles Biddle, Vice-President
of Pennsylvania during the Revolutionary War, and
a nephew of Commodore Nicholas Biddle, of the
Revolutionary Navy.

He graduated at Princeton College, and a few
years later entered the United States Army.

During most of the War of 1812 he served un-
der General Scott upon the Niagara frontier,
during a portion of the time attached to his staff,
and was promoted from a Captain of Artillery to
the position of Major. His brother. Major Thomas
Biddle, was also in the United States Army, and
served in the same campaigns, and an older
brother. Commodore James Biddle, was a noted
naval officer.

At the close of the war. Major Biddle was sta-
tioned at Detroit. After some years he resigned his
commission and went east.

In 181 9 he married Eliza F. Bradish, of New
York, and, returning to Detroit, made quite exten-
sive purchases of lands.

In 1823 he was appointed Register of the Land
Office for the district of Detroit, and held the office
until 1837.

In 1827 and 1828 he served as Mayor of Detroit,
and from 1829 to 1831 was a delegate in Congress
from Michigan, and in 1841 served in the State
Legislature. He took great interest in political
matters, and was President of the convention which
framed the State Constitution of 1835. He was a
fine scholar, wrote easily and fluently, and his lit-
erary productions were always valuable.

He was a member of St. Paul's P. E. Church and
interested in all the general religious and philan-
thropic reforms and efforts of his time. He was
President of the original corporation that built the
Michigan Central Railroad, and also in 1838 Presi-
dent of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank.

In his later years he spent much of his time on
his farm, which covered the site of the present city
of Wyandotte, and also traveled extensively. On
his return from a trip to Europe, in 1859, he .spent
the summer at White Sulphur Springs, Virginia,

MARSHALL CHALIN.

MAYORS.

^033

where he died suddenly on August 25, after taking
a cold bath.

He had a large family several of whom survived
him. Among these were the widow of General
Andrew Porter, William S. Biddle, Major James
Biddle and Edward I. Biddle.

JONATHAN KEARSLEY was born in Dau-
phin .County, Pennsylvania, on August 20, 1786,
and was the son of Captain Samuel Kearsley, an
officer of merit and distinction in the Revolutionary
war. The son graduated at Washington College,
in Pennsylvania, in May, 181 1, and about a year
later, on July 6, 181 2, he was commissioned by
President- Madison as a First Lieutenant in the
Second Regiment of Artillery. He was soon after
appointed Assistant Deputy Quartermaster-Gen-
eral and attached to the staff of Colonel Izard, at
Philadelphia.

In 1 813 he was appointed Adjutant of the regi-
ment commanded by Colonel Winfield Scott, after-
wards Lieutenant-General Scott. He accompanied
this distinguished officer at the storming of Fort
George, crossing the river in the same boat. He
was shortly after engaged in the battle at Stony
Creek, and was brevetted Captain for his gallant
conduct on that occasion.

He also served as Garrison Major under General
Porter and Brigadier Major under General Wil-
liams, He was with the army in the descent of the
St. Lawrence under General Wilkinson, and partici-
pated in the action at Chrystler's Field.

On April 21, 1 81 4, he was transferred to the
Fourth Rifles, and during the following summer
was in the left division of the northern army, until
in a skirmish on August 20, preceding the sortie at
Fort Erie, he was so badly wounded that it
became necessary to amputate his leg. He was
subsequently commissioned Assistant Adjutant-
General with the rank of Major, to take effect from
the day of the action in which he was wounded.
Soon afterwards he was appointed to the charge of
the State Arsenal at Harrisburg and was also made
a Collector of the internal revenue taxes.

On March 20, 18 19, he was appointed Receiver
of Public Moneys at Detroit and removed to this
city. He held the office until 1850. He also served
as Recorder of the city in 1826 and as Justice of
the Peace in 1827.

In 1829 he was elected Mayor of the city, and
from 1836 to 1850 served as one of the Regents of
the University.

Major Kearsley was twuce married. The name of
his first wife was Margaret Hetich, daughter of
George Hetich, of Chambersburgh, Pennsylvania.
-They had three children, one of whom died in
childhood; a son, Edward R. Kearsley, lives in

Crawford County, Ohio, and a daughter, the late
Mrs. M. Howard Webster, lived in Detroit.

The second wife of Mr. Kearsley, Rachel Valen-
tine, was the daughter of Robert Valentine, of
Chester County, Pennsylvania. She died on Janu-
ary 6, 1859. Mr. Kearsley died on August 31 of
the same year.

MARSHALL CHAPIN, M. D., was born in
Bernardstown, Massachusetts, February 27, 1798,
and was the son of Caleb and Mary Chapin, who
had nine children. His ancestors lived in and about
Springfield and the Connecticut River Valley for
over 200 years. His father was a physician, but
owned and operated a farm.

The family removed to Caledonia, New York, and
after having attended the usual schools of that day
Mr. Chapin took a medical course at Geneva. He
subsequently sludied with his uncle. Dr. Cyrenius
Chapin, of Buffalo, New York, and graduated at
the age of twenty-one.

In 1 819 he established, with the help of his uncle,
the first drug store in Detroit. Very soon after
coming to the city he became prominent in public
life. He served as Alderman at large in 1826 and
1827, and as Mayor of Detroit in 1831 and 1833,
and as Chief Engineer of the Fire Department in
1832.

In 1832, during the first visitation of the cholera,
he was appointed City Physician and won golden
opinions from all classes by his faithfulness and de-
votion ; and two years later, when the scourge again
appeared, he was equally active and efficient.

In addition to his professional labors he gave
close attention to his drug store, and under the firm
names of J. Owen & Co., T. & J. Hinchman, and
T. H. Hinchmaji & Sons, the business has been
continuously maintained ; but for more than two
score of years has been exclusively a wholesale
establishment.

As a physician Mr. Chapin was greatly beloved,
and he invariably refused all compensation for his
services from those not readily able to pay.

He was married in 1823 to Mary Crosby. They
had four children. Their names were: Louisfi,
who married Theodore H. Hinchman ; Helen, who
married Norton Strong; Charles, who died when
twelve years old; and Marshall, now dead» who
served as a Colonel in the Union army.
Dr. Chapin died December 26, 1838.

LEVI COOK was born December 16, 1792, at
Bellingham, Massachusetts, and came to Detroit in
181 5. The same year he became one of the Trus-
tees of the city and continued to hoM from one to
several offices almost every year thereafter.

In 1822 he served as City Treasurer; from 1824

I034

MAYORS.

to 1827 as County Commissioner ; as Superintend-
ent of the City Poor in 1827 and 1828, and also as
Alderman at large in 1828. He served as Treas-
urer of the Territory from 1830 to 1836, and as
Chief Engineer of the Fire Department during the
same period. In 1834 he was Supervisor of Detroit,
and in 1835 and 1836 Mayor. In 1838 he repre-
sented Wayne County in the House of Representa-
tives, and in 1840 and 1841 served on the Board of
Review of the city.

He was prominently connected with various
banking organizations, was a Director in the Farm-
ers' and Mechanics' Bank in 1829, and President
from 1838 to 1845. He was a leading and very
influential member of the Masonic body, and was
tall, portly and commanding in appearance. He
married Eliza Sanderson.

He died December 2, 1866, but left neither wife
nor children.

CHARLES CHRISTOPHER TROWBRIDGE

was born in Albany, New York, on December 29,
1800, and was the youngest of six children. His
father, Luther Trowbridge, who died in 1802, was
a native of Framingham, Massachusetts, and when
the Revolution broke out was a law student, but
immediately volunteered in the army.

At the age of seventeen he received an Ensign's
commission in the Massachusetts' line and contin-
ued in the service until peace was declared, when
he retired with the rank of Brevet Captain and
Quartermaster.

"^ After the war he settled at Albany, where his
wife (whose maiden name was Elizabeth Tillman)
had relatives. Here he held various offices, was
prominent in public affairs, and died greatly re-
spected .

After his death the children were scattered,
Charles C. finding a friend in Major Horatio Ross,
of Owego, who proposed to initiate him into mer-
cantile life. In accordance with this plan his first
year was spent at Elmira; the next year he was
taken into the family of Major Ross, where he was
treated as a favored son.

The business troubles that followed the peace of
181 5 ruined his patron's business, and the creditors
put the property into the hands of Mr. Trowbridge,
who was then not quite eighteen years old, and he
went down the Susquehanna with a cargo of salt,
gypsum and lumber, disposed of it in Pennsylvania
and came back safely with the proceeds. The next
year Mr. WilHam A. Ely, of Owego, engaged him
to go as supercargo to Havre de Grace and Balti-
more.

Shortly after his return from Baltimore he decided
to seek a home in Michigan. Some of his friends,
through the intervention of Rev. John Monteith,

secured him an appointment under Major Thomas
Rowland, who was then holding various offices, and
in the fall of 18 19 Mr. Trowbridge came to Detroit.

He was soon on intimate terms with the best and
most influential persons in the city, and in 1820 was
selected as one of the party to accompany Governor
Cass on his exploring expedition to Lake Superior.
The trip made Mr. Trowbridge intimately ac-
quainted with Governor Cass, and he became and
continued through life a kind and helpful friend.

On his return from the expedition Mr. Trow-
bridge was sent with Colonel Beaufait, an Indian
interpreter,' to make a payment to the Saginaw In-
dians, and soon after his return he began to act as
private secretary to General Cass, and in that capa-
city wrote from dictation various public documents
and literary productions, and was also employed in
other positions of great responsibility.

In 1 82 1 he was made Secretary of the Board of
Regents of the University, holding the office until

1835.

In December, 1823, he was employed by the Sec-
retary of War under the direction of General Cass
to take down, from the Indians, statements of the
relation of different tribes to each other, and the
character and resemblance of their customs and
languages.

In December, Mr. Trowbridge set out for White
River to spend the winter with William Conner, a
Delaware interpreter and agent who lived about
eighteen miles from the towai of Indianapolis. On
returning from the winter's work he employed him-
self, at General Cass's request, in visiting the old
French people and taking down their recitals of
events occurring during the Pontiac War. During
this same year he w^as sent to Fort Wayne to make
further investigation among the Miamies.

In 1825 Mr. Trowbridge was made cashier of the
Bank of Michigan, serving until 1836, and as Pres-
ident in 1839. In 1833 he, with several Boston
capitalists, laid out the village of Allegan. He was
also interested during the next few years in many
similar enterprises. In 1844 he was made President
of the Michigan State Bank, and continued to serve
until the winding up of its affairs in 1853. He then
became Secretary and Treasurer and afterwards
President of the Oakland & Ottawa Railroad Com-
pany, and its successor, the Detroit & Milwaukee
Railway Company.

The only political offices he held were those of
Alderman of Detroit in 1833 and Mayor in 1834.
During this period he greatly served the city by the
introduction of system in the keeping of the various
accounts.

The early months of his mayoralty were burdened
by cares growing out of the prevalence of the chol-
era. While the plague remained he gave personal

ASHER B. liATES,

MAYORS.

1035

attention without stint to tlie suffering, and when it
ceased he resigned the office of Mayor.

He was one of the organizers of Elmwood Cem-
etery— one of the original trustees — and remained
actively interested as an officer of the corporation
until his death In 1847 he was influential in secur-
ing large donations from Detroit and Michigan for
the starving poor of Ireland.

He took a lively interest in everything w^hich was
calculated to promote intellectual, moral and relig-
ious culture, was active in the promotion of various
local schools and seminaries, served as President of
the Detroit Association of Charities, and indeed
there seemed no limit to his cheerful helpfulness
in any and every department of social and religious
reform.

He was always attentive to the poor and found
time to receive kindly and entertain cheerfully the
numerous visitors who sought information or help
from him.

He was one of the earliest members of St. Paul's
Protestant Episcopal Church and subsequently one
of the organizers of Christ Church, and from the
time the Diocese of Michigan was organized was a
member of the standing committee, and w^as also a
member of every General Convention of the Pro-
testant Episcopal Church from 1835 up to the time
of his death.

In all of the affairs and interests of the church of
his choice he took a deep and continuous interest,
and was also always evidently gratified at the
growth and progress of other evangelical denomi-
nations ; indeed, he did not know how to be narrow
or mean-spirited, and his nature was broad and
generous in an eminent degree.

The esteem in which he was universally held was
emphasized in a remarkable manner in the banquet
tendered him on the occasion of his eighty-third
birthday, and participated in by a class of citizens
whose very presence was in itself an honor.

Within a few months after this event, on April 3,
1 883, the public was called upon to mourn his de-
cease.

He was married in 1826 to Miss Catherine Whip-
ple Sibley, eldest daughter of Judge Solomon Sib-
ley. She died on March 24, 1880.

Mr. Trowbridge left five children, viz. : Mrs.
Sidney D. Miller, Mrs. William D. Wilkins, Mrs.
George Hendrie, Miss Mary Trowbridge and Mr.
Harry Trowbridge.

ANDREW MACK was the son of Stephen
Mack and was born in New London, Connecticut.
In his early manhood he became a sailor and event-
ually captain of a vessel, and sailed three times
around the world.

In 1808 he took a drove of sheep from the east

to Cincinnati and settled there, and in the war of
1 81 2 was captain of a company and subsequently a
member of the Assembly of the State of Ohio. He
came to Detroit about 1830, and in that year kept
the Mansion House Hotel. He was connected with
the Territorial militia and was generally known as
Colonel Mack. In 1830 he was one of the proprie-
tors of the Detroit Free Press, and in 1834 was
elected Mayor of the city to fill out the unexpired
term of Mr. Trowbridge, who resigned.

From 1829 to 1839 he served as Collector of Cus-
toms, and in the latter year represented Wayne
County in the State Legislature.

He eventually moved to a farm on the St. Clair
River, in the town of St. Clair, and died there in
1857, when seventy-five years of age.

The business enterprises in which he was en-
gaged and the positions he held indicate that he was
capable, energetic, and well-informed.

HENRY HOWARD, who served as Mayor dur-
ing 1837, came here with Ralph Wadhams from
Geneva, New York. They were in partnership in
the dry goods trade in the old Smart Block, and
subsequently had a warehouse at the foot of Ran-
dolph street.

Mr. Howard served as Alderman at large in 1834,
and at the time he was Mayor was in the lumber
business and lived at No. 290 Woodbridge street
east. He also served as State Treasurer from 1836
to 1839.

AUGUSTUS S. PORTER was born in Canan-
daigua. New York, January 18, 1798 ; graduated at
Union College in 1818 ; studied law as a profession,
and practiced for twenty years in Detroit. He was
Recorder of the city in 1830 and was elected Mayor
in 1838, and in the same year w^as one of the pro-
prietors of the Daily Advertiser.

In 1840 he was elected United States Senator
from Michigan and served until 1845.

In 1846 he removed to Niagara Falls, the resi-
dence of his father.

In 1866 he was a delegate to the Philadelphia
National Union Convention. He died about 1873.

ASHER B. BATES was born at Le Roy, Gen-
esee County, New York, on May 2, 18 10. He came
here as early as 1831.

In 1833 he was serving as a Justice of the Peace,
and in 1835 was City Attorney. In 1838, on the
resignation of Augustus S. Porter, he was elected
Mayor of the city.

In the summer of 1848 he went to the Sandwich
Islands, where he became Attorney-General, and
remained until 1863 or 1864, when he moved to San
Francisco, where he died on June i, 1873.

1036

MAYORS.

He was married to Lucilla Beals in Canandaigua,
New York, on October 24, 1832. She died at De-
troit in 1839, leaving one son, Dudley C. Bates, now
a resident of San Francisco.

He was married to Elizabeth G Judd, of Troy,
Oakland County, Michigan, on December 6, 1843.
She was living in 1887.

DE GARMO JONES was born at Albany, New
York, November 11, 1787, and came to Detroit a
few years subsequent to the War of 1812, and soon
became, and for many years remained, a prominent
factor in many of the business enterprises of De-
troit and Michigan.

It was through his sagacity and means that the
plaster beds on the Grand River were first brought
to light.

He purchased at an early period the farm that
bears his name, and it made him and his heirs
wealthy.

He was one of the first stockholders of the Bank
of Michigan, was one of the contractors for the
building of the old Capitol, and was largely inter-
ested in vessels at an early date. He was also
engaged in the forwarding business and owned and
occupied a large warehouse.

In 1835 he was one of the first Directors of the
Detroit & St. Joseph, now the Michigan Central
Railroad. He served as Alderman at large in 1827,
1830, and 1838; as Adjutant-General of the State
during part of the year 1829; as Mayor of the city
in 1839, and as State Senator in 1840 and 1841.

He was well educated, active in moral reform, a
Trustee of the First Protestant Church in 1820,
and universally esteemed.

He died November 14, 1846.

His son, bearing the same name, served with
credit as an officer during the Rebellion.

ZINA PITCHER, M. D., was born at Fort Ed-
wards, Washington County, New York, April 14,
1797. He received a common-school education,
and at the age of twenty went to the Castleton
school to attend a course of medical lectures

After having completed his term at Castleton he
went to Woodstock, Vermont, where he graduated
in 1822, and was shortly afterwards appointed by
President Monroe Assistant Surgeon in the United
States Army. He was subsequently promoted by
President Jackson to the position of Surgeon.

While in the army he saw much service in the far
southwest, the south and the southeast, as well as
in the country of the Great Lakes In 1835 he
became President of the Army Medical Board, and
upon his resignation, after fifteen years' service, his
rank was within two or three of that of Surgeon-
General.

In 1836 he fixed his permanent residence in De-
troit, and from 1837 to 1852 served as Regent of
the University of Michigan, and took an active part
in the organization of the Medical Department.

In 1840, 1 84 1 and 1843 he served as Mayor of
Detroit; in 1845 as County Physician; in 1847 as
City Physician, and from 1848 to 1867 he was the
physician and surgeon of St. Mary's Hospital, and
from 1857 to 1 861 of the United States Marine
Hospital.

During all these years he did not neglect his en-
gagements as a private practitioner, and found time
to prepare various professional and literary papers
for publication, and to attend at least nine of the
annual meetings of the American Medical Associa-
tion, and was president of the meeting held in De-
troit.

As a physician he was a type of the best ever
produced — careful, skillful, gentle, kind and cour-
teous ; his very presence was reassuring to his
patients, and few, if any, ever had occasion to re-
gret that they were under his care.

Throughout his long residence nn Detroit he pos-
sessed the confidence of the whole people. His in-
tegrity, probity and faithfulness to every obligation
were proverbial. In social life he was ever the cour-
teous gentleman.

He died on April 4, 1872, leaving two children,
Nathaniel Pitcher and Mrs. L. E. Higby.

His name is fitly preserved in the name of one of
our streets and in the Pitcher School.

DOUGLASS HOUGHTON was born in Troy,
New York, September 21, 1809. He was educated
for a physician at the Rensselaer Institute and grad-
uated in 1829. The following year he was ap-
pointed Assistant Professor of Chemistry and
Natural History in the Institute , and while occu-
pying this position he came to Detroit, by request
of a number of citizens, to deliver a course of lec-
tures on scientific subjects.

In 1 83 1 he was appointed surgeon and botanist
to the expedition sent out by the Government to
explore the sources of the Mississippi River. On
his return he settled in Detroit and practised as a
physician.

In 1833 he was elected President of the Young
Men's Society, and in 1837 was appointed State
Geologist, and continued to hold the position until
his death, doing much to develop the resources of
the State, and being instrumental in attracting the
attention of many capitalists to its mineral wealth.
He also served as one of the Professors in the Uni-
versity.

He was a member of the National Institute in
Washington, of the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory, and an honorary member of the Royal Anti-

MAYORS.

1037

quarian Society of Copenhagen and of many other
scientific and literary associations. He served as
Mayor of the city in 1842.

He was drowned in Lake Superior, near the
mouth of Eagle River, during a violent storm, on
October 13, 1845. The body was recovered and he
was buried at Detroit on May 15, 1846. His death
was deemed a great public loss.

Houghton County in Michigan is named after
him and fitly perpetuates his memory.

Three children are living — Douglass Houghton,
Jr., of Detroit ; Mrs. Harraun, of Santa Fe, New
Mexico, and Mrs. F. E. Morgan, of Coldwater.

JAMES A. VAN DYKE, for many years a
prominent member of the Detroit bar, and closely
identified with the earlier history of the Fire De-
partment, was born in Mercersburg, Franklin Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, in December, 181 3, and was the
son of William and Nancy (Duncan) Van Dyke.
His education commenced under private tutors at
Mercersburg, and at the age of fifteen he entered
Madison College at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, grad-
uated in 1832, and commenced the study of law in
the office of George Chambers, at Chambersburg,
Pennsylvania, where he remained one year. He then
went to Hagerstown, Maryland, where he continued
his legal studies under the direction of William
Price, and subsequently went to Baltimore, where he
remained some months.

In 1834 he came to Detroit, entered the law office
of A. D. Eraser, and within six months was admit-
ted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of his
profession. In 1835 he formed a partnership with
Charles W. Whipple, which lasted until the lat-
ter's election in 1838 as one of the Judges of the
Supreme Court. Mr. Van Dyke then entered into
a partnership with E. B. Harrington, which contin-
ued until the death of Mr. Harrington in 1844, after
which Mr. Van Dyke became a partner of H. H.
Emmons, which relation lasted until the practical
retirement of both gentlemen from general practice
in 1852. Mr. Van Dyke was then appointed attor-
ney of the Michigan Central Railroad.

In 1835 and again in 1839 he was appointed City
Attorney, and in 1840 received the appointment of
Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County. During
the two years he held the latter office he conducted
the criminal prosecutions with such energy and
success as to merit public approval. In 1843 he was
elected an Alderman from the Third Ward, and
again elected to the same position in 1844. His pub-
lic services as chairman of the Committee of Ways
and Means at this period, when the city was in finan-
cial straits, was especially beneficial to Detroit and
did much to avert financial disgrace. His subse-
quent election as Mayor in 1847 enabled him to

perfect the system of recuperation he had so well
commenced, and to mature permanent plans for the
future prosperity of the city, and his entire admin-
istration was marked by close and careful superin-
tendence of city affairs. From 1853 until his death
he served as a member of the first Board of Com-
missioners of the Detroit Water Works.

He was best known, however, from his connec-
tion with the early history of the Detroit Fire De-
partment. His name was enrolled on the list of
members composing Protection Fire Company No.
I, the first duly organized company in Detroit, and
until his death no man in the city took a more active
interest in building up and extending the usefulness
of the P'lre Department. He served as President of
the department from 1847 to 185 1, and to his finan-
cial tact, energy and determination, no less than to
an honest pride in the Fire Department, all citizens
are greatly indebted. In 1840 he framed and pro-
cured the passage of the law incorporating the Fire
Department, and it was largely his efforts that
secured the erection of Fireman's Hall. His death,
which occurred May 7, 1855, was an especially
severe loss to the Fire Department, the feeling
being fitly expressed in the following resolutions
adopted by its officers :

" Resolved, That in the death of Mr. Van Dyke the Fire Depart-
ment of Detroit has lost one of its benefactors ; that his name is so
closely interwoven with its fortune, from its origin as a benevo-
lent and chartered organization, through the vicissitudes of its
early and precarious existence until its successful and triumphant
development as one of the prominent institutions of the city, that
it may with truth be said that its history is almost comprised
within the limits of his active participation in its affairs.

'"''Resolved^ That as a fireman, beginning and serving his full
term in one of the companies of this city, his aim seemed to be
rather to discharge well the duties of a private than to accept the
proffered honors of this company, save as trustee in the Board.
But of those duties he had a high appreciation, deeming it a
worthy ambition, as inculcated by him in an address to the de-
partment, ' to dedicate one's self to the work with heart brave and
steadfast, tenacious of obedience to law and order, with an ele-
vated and stern determination to tread only the paths of recti-
tude.' "

In order to further honor his memory the Fire
Department issued a memorial volume containing
the proceedings of the department, of the Detroit
baf, and of the Common Council, relative to his
death, as well as several tributes to his memory
from those who knew him best. As a lawyer, Mr.
Van Dyke occupied a leading place at the Detroit
bar. He early gained notoriety as a ready and pow-
erful debater, and showed marked ability and taste
in his public addresses. By his learning, talents and
perseverance, and more than all else by his spotless
integrity, he rapidly obtained the highest honors of
his profession and had an enviable reputation as a
sound, judicious lawyer and able and eloquent ad-
vocate. Few men had in so strong a degree the

1038

MAYORS.

power to win and retain friends; and among his
professional brethren he was not only respected for
legal ability, but was beloved as a friend and com-
panion. He was courteous in manner and of win-
ning and gentlemanly deportment. The following
tribute of respect to his memory was adopted by his
associates of the Detroit bar at a time when the bar
of Detroit had a larger proportion of worthy and
honorable men than it now contains :

^^ Resolved^ That we, who have been witnesses and sharers of
his professional labors, can best give full testimony of the
genius, skill, learning and industry which he brought to that
profession to which he devoted the chivalrous fire of his youth
and the ripe powers of his manhood, in which he cherished a
manly pride, and whose best honors and success he so rapidly and
honorably achieved.

*' Resolved, That while we bear this just tribute to the fine in-
tellect of our deceased brother, we turn with greater pride to
those generous qualities of his heart which endeared him to us all
as a companion and friend, which left tender memorials with so
many of his younger brethren of grateful sympathy and assist-
ance, rendered when most needed, and which made his life a
bright example of just and honorable conduct in all its relations.

^* Resolved, That though devoted to the profession of his
choice, yet he was never indifferent to the wider duties devolved
upon him in society at large ; and he filled the many public sta-
tions to which he was called by the confidence and esteem of his
fellow-citizens with an earnestness, purity, and ability which
were alike honorable to himself and useful to the public."

For many years he occupied throughout the State
of Michigan a prominent position politically as a
conservative Whig, but with the exception of his
election to the mayoralty he never suffered his name
to be used as a candidate for public office. His
sympathies were easily excited. His donations to
charitable and religious objects were generous and
liberal, and his home life ideal in its domestic hap-
piness. In the early prime of life he had gathered
riches, fame, and honors to an extent rarely found
save in connection with gray hairs. He left a name
dear to his friends and a rich inheritance to his
children, consecrated by the remembrance of the
genial qualities and virtues with which he was so
richly endowed.

He was married in 1835 to Elizabeth Desnoyers,
daughter of Peter J. Desnoyers. They had eleven
children. Philip J D., their third son, died in 1883.
He was a lawyer by profession and in great measure
inherited his father's legal ability. He was Prose-
cuting Attorney for two terms. The living children
are : George W. ; Mrs. William Casgrain ; Rev.
Ernest, pastor of Pro-Cathedral Catholic Church;
Mrs. Henry Brownson and Madame Van Dyke, Su-
perior of Sacred Heart Convent, Grosse Pointe.

FREDERICK BUHL was born in Butler Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, November 27, 1806. His parents
were natives of Saxony and emigrated to this coun-
try prior to their marriage. Frederick was the sec-
ond son in a family of eleven children and received

comparatively little schooling. At the age of sixteen
he went to Pittsburgh to learn the jeweler's trade,
but ill-health forced him into other pursuits, and in
1833 he came to Detroit, where he formed a part-
nership with his brother, C. H. Buhl, and embarked
in the fur and hat business. The firm remained in
existence for tw^enty years. At th^^end of this time his
brother retired and Mr. Buhl continued alone, until
he became one of the largest shippers of furs in the
country, as well as an importer and manufacturer of
everything pertaining to furs. For many years this
house was known under the firm name of F. Buhl
& Co., Mr. Buhl being actively connected with the
firm until February, 1887, when the business was
sold to his son, Walter Buhl, and is now conducted
under the name of Walter Buhl & Co.

For more than half a century, Mr. Buhl has occu-
pied a prominent position among the active, aggres-
sive business men of Detroit. Possessed of quick
discernment, sound business judgment, with the
power of close application, accompanied with cease-
less energy, he has accumulated a comfortable for-
tune. During the years of his business life he has
occupied many positions of trust and honor. He and
his brother, C. H. Buhl, have both served as Mayors
of the city ; and it is doubtful if there is another in-
stance in the country where two brothers have both
occupied the highest municipal office in the gift of
* their fellow-citizens. Frederick Buhl served as
Mayor in 1848 and C. H. Buhl in i860 and 1861.

Frederick Buhl has been connected with various
business enterprises pertaining to Detroit. He has
been Director of the State Bank ; President of the
FortWayne&Elmwood Railway Company; Director
of the Second National Bank of Detroit, and Presi-
dent of Harper's Hospital. He was one of the orig-
inal Directors of the Merchants' Exchange and
Board of Trade organized in 1847, and has ever
been ready to lend a helping hand to all commend-
able public projects.

A consistent Christian, he has rendered willing
and substantial aid to religious and charitable work.
From its incipiency he has been a warm friend of
Harper's Hospital ; as an officer rendering valuable
aid in its management by his wise counsel, while his
contributions of time and money have been gener-
ous and liberal. As a public official his course was
marked by good judgment and a firm and inflexible
purpose. Public station or official position was not
congenial to him, and only assumed when to have
refused would have been an evasion of duty. As a
business man his life has been marked by singular
probity, honor, and high-mindedness. Positive and
direct in all things, no one could put a doubtful
construction on his actions. He is benevolent and
kind of heart and in social life is affable and ap-
proachable.

g;f;>?.../<

MAYORS.

1039

He has found leisure amid the cares of business
to travel quite extensivel}' through Europe and the
United States. Of a robust constitution, which right
living has kept unimpaired, his more than four-
score years rest lightly upon him, and he enjoys
mental and physical vigor which belies his years.

He was married in 1836 to Miss Beatty, of Butler
County, Pennsylvania, and has had five children.
His wife died March i, 1884. The oldest son, Cap-
tain F. A. Buhl, entered the Union Army at the
breaking out of the civil war. He was wounded
and died at Annapolis, Maryland, in September,
1864. The remaining children all live in Detroit.

CHARLES HOWARD was born August 7,
1804, in Chenango County, New^ York. When a
lad his parents moved to Port Jervis, New York,
where they remained several years. Mr. Howard
began business in Sackett s Harbor and afterwards
moved to Oswego, where he invested in marine in-
terests, and for a long time was a member of the
well-known firm of Bronson, Crocker & Co.

In 1840 Mr. Howard came to Detroit and en-
gaged in the forwarding and commission business.
Subsequently, he and N. P. Stewart engaged in
business, as railroad contractors, and constructed a
large portion of the Detroit, Grand Haven & Mil-
waukee Railroad between Pontiac and Corunna.

From 1846 to 1 851 he was President of the
Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, and in 1849 be-
came the first President of the Peninsular Bank and
served until 1857. In 1848 he was elected Mayor
of the city, and his administration was careful and
conservative. In business life he was methodical,
active and generous.

On December 10, 1834, he married Margaret
Vosburg, who w^as a direct descendant of Everar-
dus Bogardus, the first minister in Manhattan, now
New York City. He died November 6, 1883, leav-
ing two children Mrs. William J. Waterman and
Bronson Howard, the well-known dramatic author.

JOHN LADUE was the son of Peter and Mary
(Xallman) Ladue, and was born November, 1803,
at Lansingburgh, New York.

He was married in 1827 to Mary Angel, daugh-
ter of Thomas Angel, of New York. In 1847 he
came to Detroit and engaged in the manufacture of
rcorocco leather and in wool buying. He soon be-
came popular with the business men, and within
three years after his arrival was elected Mayor.

During his term of office there was much excite-
ment over the arrest of a fugitive slave, and Mayor
Ladue was compelled to request the military to
preserve the peace. His action met the approval of
many citizens, and a vote of thanks was tendered
him by the council.

He died in 1854. His wife and the following
children are living: John T.. E. A., Charlotte M.,
George N , and Austin Y. Ladue.

ZACHARIAH CHANDLER was born in Bed-
ford, New Hampshire, December 10, 181 3. He
came to Detroit in December, 1833, and engaged in
the dry goods business. His first store was on the
site of the present Biddle House; from there he
moved to the block on the west side of Woodward
avenue between Woodbridge and Atwater streets.
The establishment which he founded has been
managed under different firm names, but for many
years past has been conducted under the firm name
of Allan Shelden & Co. Mr. Chandler was very
successful in his business affairs and was known as
a wealthy merchant within a few years after his
arrival in Detroit. He was also known as a public-
spirited citizen, and in 1848 served as Treasurer of
the Young Men's Benevolent Society, and in the
same year was influential in the building of several
plank roads that greatly served the city In 1851
he was elected Mayor of Detroit, and in 1857 suc-
ceeded Lewis Cass as United States Senator.

As an aggressive, fearless Republican he soon
made himself felt and feared in the Senate. He
had courage of a high order, and a fearlessness and
frankness of utterance that were especially needed
at the time he took his seat in the Senate. The
administration of President Buchanan began simul-
taneously with his career as a Senator, and the
vacillation and shuffling of the President afforded a
sharp contrast to the boldness and high patriotism
of Mr. Chandler.

Among the principal speeches which he made
during the administration of President Buchanan
were those in opposition to the admission of Kansas
under the Lecompton Constitution ; in opposition to
the annexation of Cuba to the United States , and
in favor of appropriations for the construction of a
ship canal through the St. Clair Flats. He also
made a vigorous protest against the partisan char-
acter of the standing committees of the Senate
under Democratic rule.

Mr. Chandler was re-elected to the Senate in 1863
and in 1869, and in all served eighteen years. It
was upon his motion in December, 1861, that a
joint committee of the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives on the conduct of the war was appointed.
This celebrated committee was continued until
after the close of the war, many changes taking
place among its members; but Mr. Chandler re-
mained and was always the ruling spirit, and his
abilities and methods were effective in securing the
unity of the Republican party in its war measures.
When the Republican party obtained control of
the Senate, Mr. Chandler was made Chairman of

1 040

MAYORS.

the Committee on Commerce, and held that position
until March 3, 1875, when his term expired. He
was at all times an earnest and efficient supporter
of the administration of President Lincoln and also
of President Grant, and possessed their full confi-
dence.

The most notable speech delivered by Mr. Chand-
ler was in relation to the conduct of the war. In
this he severely criticised General McClellan's mili-
tary Career as Commander of the Army of the
Potomac, and his speech undoubtedly had much to
do with the transfer of General Grant to that com-
mand.

Mr. Chandler had no sooner entered political life
than he showed that he possessed great ability as a
politician, and when his advice was followed, party
success was generally assured. He was among the
foremost of those who favored the overthrow of
slave power, the preservation of the integrity and
honor of the country, and the protection by law of
all the rights of the humblest citizen. He was
Chairman of the Union Congressional Committee
for four years, and was a member of the National
Republican Committee* in 1876.

On October 19, 1875, he was appointed by Pres-
ident Grant, Secretary of the Interior, and held the
position until after the inauguration of President
Hayes. His careful and personal administration of
affairs in connection with the position was a sur-
prise to all, and gained him praise even among
those of opposite political faith. He introduced and
carried out a series of reforms in the Indian Depart-
ment, the Land and Pension Offices, and exhibited
an amount of personal knowledge concerning the
affairs of his office, and displayed a moral courage
that were like a revelation to corrupt officials.

Mr Chandler died on November i, 1879, at Chi-
cago. He left a wife and one daughter, the wife of
Eugene Hale, Representative to Congress from
Maine.

JOHN H. HARMON was born in Portage
County, Ohio, June 21, 18 19. His father, John
Harmon, a native of Connecticut, emigrated to Ohio
in 1800, and was for many years the publisher of a
newspaper at Ravenna. The son entered his fath-
er's office and became an accurate and skilful
printer. In 1838 he came to Detroit and was em-
ployed on the Detroit Free Press. Four years later
he became one of the publishers, and continued as
such until 1850. In his career as a publisher and
journalist Mr. Harmon was very prosperous, and he
personally exerted a wide influence in political mat-
ters. He served as an Alderman in 1847, and in
1852 was elected Mayor of Detroit, serving two
years.

In 1853 he was appointed by President Pierce,

Collector of the Port of Detroit, and served for four
years. From 1857 he spent most of his time in
Washington City, and was an influential factor
in connection with much of the national legislation.
He was always prominent as a Democrat, and his
personal acquaintance with the prominent and pub-
lic men of the nation was probably unequaled.

He was married in 1841 to Miss Sarah S. Rood.
He died on August 6, 1888, leaving three children,
namely, John Harmon, Mrs. S. H. Bell and Miss
Emma Harmon.

OLIVER MOULTON HYDE, born at Sud-
bury, Vermont, March 10, 1804, was the third son
of Pitt William Hyde, a descendant of William
Hyde, a noted landlord of Norwich, Connecticut,
who emigrated to this country in 1633. His earlier
years were spent at the homestead acquiring such
education as a village school and the seminary at
Castleton could afford.

When twenty-three years of age he married Julia
Ann, daughter of Daniel Sprague, of Poultney, and
subsequently engaged in the dry goods business at
Castleton, Vermont ; but feeling a desire to engage
in more extended enterprises, when about thirty
years of age he sold out his store in Vermont
and removed to Mt. Hope, New York, where he
established and successfully managed two large
blast furnaces.

After a few years he became possessed with what
was known in those days as the " western fever,"
and being influenced by his brother-in-law, Benja-
min F. H. Witherell, he located in Detroit. Here,
in 1838, he first engaged in the hardware trade,
opening a store on Woodward near Jefferson ave-
nue. Subsequently he established an extensive
foundry and machine shop on At water street near
Riopelle, where for several years he manufactured
engines and steamboat machinery. In 1852 he
associated himself with Captain Eber B. Ward in
the construction of a floating dry-dock, a venture
that was at that time considered of much import-
ance. The dock was launched amid great excite-
ment on December 10 of that year. •

Mr. Hyde's personal popularity and admirable
capacity for business brought him into official posi-
tions that were oftentimes assumed much against
his inclination. Being a staunch member of the
Whig and afterwards of the Republican party, he
was frequently forced to accept office in political
emergencies to save his party from defeat.

He was repeatedly a member of the Common
Council, was elected Mayor of Detroit in 1854, serv-
ing again in 1856 and 1857, and was Collector of the
Port under the administrations of Presidents Tay-
lor and Fillmore.

During his term as Mayor, in 1857, he recom-

MAYORS.

104 1

mended the establishment of a House of Correc-
tion, and his communication to the Common Coun-
cil is the first link in the chain of events that
secured the establishment of the present Detroit
House of Correction, which has a national reputa-
tion for its completeness and the satisfactory results
it has exhibited.

Mr. Hyde had rare energy of character, untiring
industry, wonderful application and activity ; and
with great aptitude for business he accomplished
very much more than many persons would have
done under the same circumstances.

His private life was simple and unostentatious,
and his home was at the disposal of any one claim-
ing his acqaintance, however humble, his unbounded
hospitality often causing comment. Upon one occa-
sion, while on his way home from the City Hall
building, expecting to meet at dinner the Mayor of
London, Ontario, who with his son had that morning
arrived as guests, he was accosted by a man with
carpet bag in hand, evidently just from the country,
requesting to be shown the way to Hyde's. Mr.
Hyde replied that he was then going in that direc-
tion, and as they walked along he engaged the
stranger in conversation, and learned that he had
been assured by country acquaintances of a hearty
welcome if he applied directly to the Hyde home-
stead. Much to the stranger's surprise, on being
seated at the dining-table, he found his companion
of a few moments before to be also his host, and
upon his right was the Mayor of London. This latter
gentleman, not being accustomed to such open hos-
pitality, could hardly understand it.

On November 25, 1863, in the zenith of his popu-
larity and usefulness, Mr. Hyde was stricken with
paralysis. From that time, though only partially
disabled by this first shock, he was almost en-
tirely confined to the house. Four years later a
second shock resulted in his being made completely
helpless. In this condition he remained for three
years. Although so suddenly and completely sep-
arated from active life and the busy world, he pre-
served in a remarkable degree the pleasant, genial
disposition which characterized his former years.
He was cheerful, uncomplaining, interested in the
affairs of his household and in the outside world,
keeping himself thoroughly posted on what was
transpiring.

Upon the breaking out of the civil war, he deeply
deplored his inability to be of some service. Believ-
ing, however, that an earnest expression by the older
citizens would result in an increased interest on the
part of those younger and more able, he aided in
organizing a company of the older citizens, styling
them the "Silver Greys." The qualifications for
membership were that the applicant should be over

fifty years of age, and prepared to enter service,
should occasion require.

During the entire war the office of Mr. Hyde was
at the disposal of the United States Recruiting Ser-
vice. He lived to see the successful termination of
the struggle for national existence, and in the early
morning of June 28, 1870, he quietly passed away
without pain or struggle.

He is remembered chiefly as a kind, charitable
neighbor and as a man of warm affections and un-
bounded liberality. Few citizens who have passed
away have been more generally mourned. Hun-
dreds had been aided by him. By advice, by sym-
pathy, by gifts of suitable and necessary articles, by
credit, and by the loan of money, he had, in innu-
merable instances, aided those whom he knew or
believed to be deserving. His charities were so
large and frequent as sometimes to lead to his own
personal embarrassment, but he never closed his
hand or heart to the appeal of distress. The relief
that he gave was not through public channels, or by
recorded subscriptions, or through the instrumen-
tality of societies ; he gave directly on personal ap-
plication, after an examination of the necessities
and merits of the applicant. His nearest friends,
even his own family, never knew the full extent of
his benefactions.

The love and esteem of his fellow-citizens were
cordial in the extreme, and frequently found expres-
sion in gifts of rare value. His intimate friends
included the most prominent men of that period ;
among them were Zachariah Chandler, Lewis Cass,
William A. Howard, Horace Greeley, and others.

Besides his widow, there survived him two sons
and a daughter. The oldest son, Henry S. Hyde, is
a resident of Springfield, Massachusetts, and is one
of the most prominent men of his State, ranking
alnong the highest in banking and other financial
circles. The daughter, Hattie S., is the wife of Asa
D. Dickinson, a resident of New York. The young-
est son, Louis C, was with his father through his
entire sickness, and afterwards joined his brother in
Massachusetts in one of the largest manufacturing
interests in New England.

HENRY LEDYARD, one of the early Mayors
of Detroit, was born in the City of New York on
the 5th of March, 18 12. Among his ancestors were
men who had occupied important positions of public
trust, and who had achieved distinction in the ser-
vice of the country. His grandfather, Benjamin Led-
yard, was Major of a New York regiment of infantry
in the Revolutionary war, and was one of the original
members and founders of the New York State So-
ciety of the Cincinnati in 1783. He was a cousin
of John Ledyard, the traveler, and of Colonel Wil-

I042

MAYORS.

liam Ledyard, who, while in command of Fort
Oris wold at Groton, Connecticut, was treacherously
killed by a British officer at the time of the memor-
able massacre of the garrison in 1781.

His father, Benjamin Ledyard, was a well-known
lawyer of New York City. His mother was Susan
French Livingston, a daughter of Brockholst Liv-
ingston, who graduated at Princeton in 1774, served
as aide-de-cainp to General Schuyler and General
St. Clair, and became a Lieutenant-Colonel in 1778.
After the close of the Revolutionary w^ar Brockholst
Livingston practised law in New York City until
1802, when he became one of the Judges of the
Supreme Court of New York, an office which he
held until his appointment as one of the Associate
Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
in 1807. He held this office until his death in
1823.

Henry Ledyard's great-grandfather was William
Livingston, the third son of Philip Livingston, who
was the second lord of the manor of Livingston,
and whose eldest son was the third and last lord of
the manor, and whose second son, Philip, was one
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
William Livingston graduated at Yale College in
1 74 1, became a member of the Middle Temple,
London, in 1742, a member of the Colonial Assem-
bly of New York in 1759, from his brother's manor
of Livingston (which at that time had the privilege
of representation under its patent), removed to New
Jersey in 1772, was a member of the Colonial Con-
gress from New Jersey in 1774-75' and was recalled
from Congress, June 5, I775' to take command of
the New Jersey forces as Brigadier-General. He
became Governor of New Jersey in 1776, and held
that position continuously until his death in 1790.

After graduating from Columbia College in 1830,
Henry Ledyard entered upon the practice of the law
in the City of New York.

When General Lewis Cass was appointed Minis-
ter to France, Mr. Ledyard was attached to the
Legation. A gentleman of elegant manners and
high culture, he was eminently qualified for a diplo-
matic position. In 1839 he became Secretary of
Legation, and in 1842 Charge d' Affaires, a posi-
tion which he filled for about two years with credit
to himself and to the satisfaction of his country.
On the 19th of September, 1839, he married Matilda
Frances, daughter of General Cass.

On his return to this country in 1844, Mr. Led-
yard took up his residence at Detroit, where for
nearly twenty years he took an active and promi-
nent part in all that concerned the welfare of that
city. In 1845 he was one of the founders of the
State Bank ; in 1846, one of the original promoters
and trustees of Elmwood Cemetery, serving for
many years as its Secretary. In 1 846-47 he was a

member of the Board of Education, and was largely
instrumental in introducing and establishing the
system of Union Schools which has ever since been
in operation.

The year 1847 was a memorable one on account
of the dreadful destitution which prevailed in Ire-
land. Contributions for its relief were called for all
over the country, and Mr. Ledyard, in conjunction
with Mr. C. C. Trowbridge, was especially active
and successful in gathering funds and supplies to
be forwarded from Detroit and other parts of Mich-
igan.

He was one of the first to realize the great ad-
vantages to be gained by the city through improved
means of communication with the interior of the
State. In 1848 he became one of the promoters
and corporators of the first Plank Road Company
organized in Michigan, and for many years he was
a director in the various enterprises of this charac-
ter. In 1849-50 he was a member of the Board of
Aldermen, and when the Board of Water Commis-
sioners was organized he was one of the original
Commissioners named in the act creating the Board,
of which he continued to be a member from 1853
to 1859. In 1855 he was elected Mayor of Detroit,
and in 1857 State Senator.

When General Cass became Secretary of State
under Mr. Buchanan's administration, Mr. Ledyard
accompanied him to Washington, where he re-
mained until 1861. He then removed to Newport,
Rhode Island, and continued to reside there until
his death in 1880.

Mr. Ledyard was distinguished by a deep sense
of public duty and a broad and well-considered
charity, and during his residence in Newport he
found employment for his active and energetic tem-
perament in untiring efforts to promote the public
good. He became a member of the Commission
appointed by the Mayor to prepare a new charter
for the city. Chiefly through his efforts, a large
fund was raised for the establishment and main-
tenance of the Newport Hospital, and he became
its first President. He also took a prominent part
in the organization and maintenance of various
societies for the relief of the poor and unfortunate.
Although a great sufferer during the later years
of his life, his zeal for the welfare of others showed
no abatement. No considerations of personal dis-
comfort or inconvenience deterred him from his
active efforts of benevolence. He was a daily vis-
itor at the hospital which he had established, and
many a sufferer within its walls gained renewed
hope and life from his tender sympathy and cheer-
ful words of encouragement. It was said of him
that his presence in the hospital was felt as a bene-
diction.

A great lover of books, and possessed of a fine

MAYORS.

1043

and critical literary taste, he was an earnest advo-
cate of the usefulness of public libraries as a means
of education for the people, and for many years he
took an active interest in the management of that
venerable institution in Newport, the Redwood
Library, and was at one time its President. In
works such as these the last twenty years of his life
were passed.

His death occurred on the 7th of June, 1880, at
London, during a brief visit to Europe.

JOHN PATTON was born in the county of
Down, Ireland, March i. 1822, and is one of the six
children of James and Eliza (Cathcart) Patton, both
of Scotch descent. At eight years of age John
Patton came with his father to Albany, New York,
and they were followed by the mother and the rest
of the children the ensuing year.

At seventeen years of age John was apprenticed
to the trade of carriagesmith, and in 1843 came to
Detroit, followed his calling for two years, and then
started in business for himself; the same year,
on March 3, 1845, he married Eliza J. Anderson.
His business grew, and he carried on the business
of carriage manufacturing on a large scale, and
continued it until a few years ago.

Mr. Patton has a genial nature, and that he has
the faculty of making friends is evident by the
numerous offices he has held. He was Chief Engi-
neer of the Fire Department from 1852 to 1854,
and President of the department from 1855 to 1857.
In 1853 and 1854 he was Alderman from the Third
Ward, and in 1858 and 1859 Mayor of the city.
From 1864 to 1869 County Auditor, in 1869 and
1870 Sheriff of the county, and since 1880 he has
been a Justice of the Peace.

CHRISTIAN H. BUHL is one of the oldest mer-
chants of Detroit, there being few others having as
many years of active experience in mercantile life.
His record covers a period of fifty-five years, and
during all of that time he has been continuously
identified with the city as a leading merchant. His
father, Christian Buhl, was born in Germany in
1776, came to America in 1802, and settled in
western Pennsylvania, where he died in 1864. He
was a merchant and farmer, and gave his sons not
only a common school education, but a business
training that has been well improved.

Christian H. Buhl was born in Butler County,
Pennsylvania, May 9, 181 2. The first business he
learned was that of a hatter. At the age of twen-
ty-one he was proficient in the trade and set out to
explore the west, reaching Detroit in 1833, where he
decided to remain, and joined his brother Frederick
in the manufacture and sale of hats and caps. De-
troit was then too small a town to support two per-

sons exclusively engaged in the hat and cap business,
and the two brothers engaged also in the fur trade,
and in this department Christian H. was, at first,
the leading spirit. Their operations in furs stead-
ily broadened and strengthened, and ere long
covered the entire northwest. In 1842 they
joined the successors of the American Fur Com-
pany in the purchase of furs throughout Canada
and the states bordering on the Great Lakes, and
for ten years they carried on an extensive and profit-
able business. The combination then temainated,
and in 1855 Christian H. Buhl retired from the firm
of F. & C. H. Buhl, and with Charles Ducharme
established a wholesale hardw^are store. They soon
succeeded to the extensive trade of Alexander H.
Newbold and Ducharme & Bartholomew, and
created one of the most extensive establishments in
the west. In 1873 Mr. Ducharme died, and was
succeeded in the firm by Theodore D., a son of Mr.
Buhl. A second son, Frank H., was subsequently
admitted, the firm since then being Buhl, Sons
&Co.

In 1863 Mr. Buhl and others bought the Wester-
man Iron Works at Sharon, Pennsylvania, and the
name was then changed to the Sharon Iron Works.
At these works upwards of one thousand men are
employed, and the average daily output is over one
hundred tons of merchant bar, sheet and pig iron,
and nails. The firm also mine coal quite extensively
for use at these works and for the market.
In 1864 Mr. Buhl purchased a controlling interest
, in the Detroit Locomotive Works, and put not only
more capital but renewed vitality into the concern,
and for fifteen years or more it was largely profitable
to the stockholders and of much advantage to the
city. In 1880 these works were incorporated as the
Buhl Iron Works, with Mr. Buhl as President.

About 1 88 1 he organized the Detroit Copper and
Brass Rolling Mill Company, and serves as Presi-
dent. The corporation began in large buildings on
the corner of Larned and Fourth streets, but in a few
years outgrew these limits, and in 1887 new works
were constructed on the River Rouge, near the city
limits, and the business is carried on with greatly
increased facilities.

In addition to other enterprises, Mr. Buhl has had
much to do with Michigan railways. He was chiefly
instrumental in the building of the Detroit, Hillsdale
& Indiana and the Detroit, Eel River & Illinois
Railroads, and for many years was President of
both companies.

He has also been actively connected with the
banking history of the city. In 1845 he, with sev-
eral others, revived the old Michigan State Bank,
and thirty-eight years later took a prominent part
in the organization of the Second National Bank of
Detroit, and when its charter expired assisted in

I044

MAYORS.

organizing its successor, the Detroit National Bank,
and in 1887 was elected President of the same.

He has large interests in real estate, and has been
exceptionally fortunate in securing desirable loca-
tions.

Mr. Buhl has been a Republican since the birth
of the party, and has taken a strong interest in
political affairs, but has never in any sense been a
politician. In 1851 he was elected Alderman from
the Second Ward, and from i860 to 1862 was
Mayor of the city, and it was during his term that
the erection of the present City Hall was begun.

Mr. Buhl has always responded to the demands
of charity, and has made liberal donations to De-
troit institutions. He also gave a very valuable and
complete law library to the University of Michigan.
He was one of the original promoters of the Art
Museum, a Trustee of the original Detroit Medical
College, and is prominently identified with the Fort
Street Presbyterian Church.

He was married in 1842 to Miss Caroline De-
Long, of Utica, New York. They have had five
children, two of whom are now living — Theodore
D., who has charge of the firm's interests in De-
troit, and Frank H., who lives at Sharon, Pennsyl-
vania, and looks after the branch of their business
located in that place.

WILLIAM C. DUNCAN was born in Lyons,
New York, May 18, 1820. His father's family re-
moved from Lyons to Rochester, New York, about
1825, where he remained until 1841, when he
secured employment on one of the passenger
steamers plying on the lakes. While thus engaged
Mr. Duncan aided in taking the " Julia Palmer "
across the Portage at the Sault Ste. Marie. She was
the first side-wheel steamer that ever floated on
Lake Superior.

In 1849 Mr. Duncan became a permanent resi-
dent of Detroit and engaged in the brewing busi-
ness. He was elected an Alderman in 1853 and
served for five )^ears, and in 1861 was elected Mayor
of the city, serving in 1862 and 1863. In the fall
of 1862 he was elected State Senator.

In 1865 Mr. Duncan engaged in the banking
business, the firm being Duncan, Kibbee & Co.
They soon dissolved, and he gave his attention to
the care of the property he had accumulated, and
twice visited Europe for health and recreation. He
died December 19, 1877.

KIRKLAND C. BARKER was born September
8, 181 9, in East Schuyler, Herkimer County, New
York. He was the second son of Mason Barker,
who emigrated from Massachusetts to Central New
York early in this century. The elder Mr. Barker
was a practical builder and a contractor for the

buiding of canals and railroads. He died at the age
of seventy-three years. His wife survived him some
years, but also died at the age of seventy-three.

The son, Kirkland C. Barker, received the rudi-
ments of an English education in the old red school
house of his native village, and when fourteen
years of age attended a manual labor school at
Whitesboro. After leaving this school he entered a
store at Frankfort, New York, and served as clerk
for about a year, and then went to Utica, where he
filled a similar position.

When he was eighteen years of age he went
to Cleveland, Ohio, where in the house of a relative
he found a home, and obtained employment in a
public warehouse. His business ability was soon
recognized and he was often sent to New York in
charge of a vessel.

Leaving the house in Cleveland, he became a
traveling salesman for a tobacco house at Logans-
port, Indiana, but lived in Detroit. After becoming
well acquainted with the trade he determined to go
into business for himself, and while on his way to
New York for goods he stopped at Utica and there
entered into partnership, and established stores in
Detroit and New York and a factory in Jersey City.
The business did not prove successful and the part-
nership was dissolved. Mr. Barker then concluded
to start anew in Detroit. He was successful in his
plans, paid off the indebtedness of the old firm, and
established the firm of K. C. Barker & Co., the pre-
decessor of the American Eagle Tobacco Company.

Mr. Barker served as Alderman of the First
Ward in 1863, ^^^ in 1864 was elected Mayor of
the city, serving two years.

^He was married in 1847 to a daughter of Gilbert
Bedell, of Ann Arbor. He died on May 20, 1875.
His death was in part the result of an accident.
While sailing a small yacht opposite his residence at
Grosse Isle he had an attack of apoplexy and fell
into the water. The boat capsized, and when he
was taken out of the river life was extinct. He left
a wife, two sons, and a daughter— Mrs. Charles B.
Hull

MERRILL I. MILLS was born November 4th,
1 81 9, in Canton, Connecticut, and was one of the
many sons of the far east who have had much to do
with the development and prosperity of the city.

In obedience to his father's desire that he should
enter a professional life, he took a course at the
Connecticut Literary Institute at Suffield, prepara-
tory to a course at Yale. He, however, had little
taste for college life, and expressed strongly his
preference for a business career, and in 1833 he
joined his father in the manufacture of gunpowder.
For five years he was actively engaged in the prac-
tical departments of that business, and in 1838 went

Yd {'^ c / /7^ c

MAYORS.

1045

to Southern Alabama, as the representative of his
father in a mercantile establishment there located.
In 1840 he was called home by his father's illness,
and for the next five years remained in Canton, de-
voting himself to the management of his father's
business.

By this time New England methods had ceased
to suit his ambition. He had gained practical expe-
rience as a merchant and manufacturer, and turned
to the west as an inviting field for more extended
enterprises. He carefully studied the field and its
prospects, and, determining to give his attention to
merchandising through the west, he set out in 1845
for Fort Wayne, Indiana. The close of navigation
stopped the transit of his goods at Detroit, and this
fact caused a radical change in his original purpose.
He saw in Detroit a promising city, and without
much delay decided to locate here. Establishing
himself as a dealer in Yankee Notions, he pushed the
business energetically, and extended his trade to
many points in the west. He employed a number
of teams and wagons, and they traversed the inte-
rior of several western States, and especially the fur
regions. He exchanged his goods largely for furs,
and incidentally built up a fur trade of extensive
proportions, shipping liberally to foreign markets.
Prosperity attended his efforts and he became one
of the best known traders in the States of Michi-
gan, Ohio and Indiana.

About 1850 he began the manufacture of cigars,
sold large quantities throughout the west, and con-
tinued the cigar and fur business, in connection with
later and more important enterprises, up to the time
of his death. In 1861 he joined the late Frank Nevin
in the manufacture of tobacco. This enterprise was
prosperous from the beginning, and the firm contin-
ued until the death of Mr. Nevin in 1878. Mr. Mills
then took as an associate the late W. H, Tefft, and
organized the Banner Tobacco Company, of which
he was chosen president and manager.

He was also prominently identified with other
manufacturing interests. In 1867, with W. H.
Tefft and Jeremiah Dwyer, he organized the
Detroit Stove Works, and in 1872, with Charles
Ducharme and Jeremiah Dwyer, the Michigan
Stove Company. He was made vice-president of
each company and held both positions until his death.
He organized and was for many years president
of the Detroit Transit Railway Company. He was
also vice-president of the Frankfort Furnace Com-
pany, the Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Com-
pany, and president of the Eldredge Sewing Machine
Company of Chicago, and was for many years a
director of the First National Bank of Detroit.

He was active in public affairs whenever his aid
and counsel were needed. In politics he was a
staunch Democrat, and was a prominent factor in

the political field. In 1857 and 1858 he was chair-
man of the Democratic State Committee. During
the late war he was among the most earnest
workers in the cause of the Federal Union. His
means, his influence and his time were all enlisted
in the recruiting and equipment of regiments in
Detroit. He sewed as Mayor of the city in 1866
and 1867, and his administration was marked by
watchfulness and a conscientious regard for the
promotion of all measures that promised to Uenefit
and develop the best interests of the city. In 1868
he was the Democratic nominee for Representative
to Congress from the First District. The District
had. in i S66, given a Republican majority of four
thousand five hundred. Mr. Mills was not elected,
but he won a notable triumph in reducing the Re-
publican majority to fifteen hundred. He was sub-
sequently a member of the. Board of Estimates, and
in 1876 was a delegate-at-large to the Democratic
National Convention which nominated Samuel J.
Tilden for the Presidency. The same year he was
appointed by Governor Bagley one of the Centen-
nial Commissioners for the State of Michigan, but
except that in 1881 he served as one of the first
Board of Park Commissioners, the Centennial year
marked his retirement from politics. He had partici-
pated to the full extent of his inclinations, and was!
content thereafter to leave to others the winning of
honors in that field.

About 1 880 the cares of a busy life brought indi-
cations of failing health, but, like all active spirits,
he protested against yielding to the statement that (
his physical infirmities called for a halt. He did,
however, in obedience to the advice of his physician,
journey to Manitou Springs, Colorado. The journey
proved a fruitless one, and he returned home in a
feeble condition, and, amid his family and friends,
passed away, September 14th, 1882, leaving as sur-
vivors his wife and two children.

The extended and important business interests
left by Mr. Mills fell at once in charge of his son,
Merrill B. Mills, who had entered upon a business
career at an early age, and his father's death con-
sequently found him fully equipped for the duties
which had devolved upon him. He is president of
the Banner Tobacco Company ^nd Frankfort Fur-
nace Company ; treasurer of the Michigan Stove
Company; vice-president of the Detroit Stove
Works ; a director in the Detroit Transit Railroad
and in the Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Com-
pany.

WILLIAM W. WHEATON was born in New
Haven, Connecticut, April 5, 1833, and is the son of
John and Orit C. (Johnson) Wheaton, and a direct
descendant of Captain William Wheaton, of Revo-
lutionary celebrity. He attended school in Hart-

1046

MAYORS.

ford and also in New Haven, and at the age of
sixteen entered the wholesale house of Charles H.
Northam & Co., of Hartford.

In 1853, when twenty years old, he came to De-
troit, and entered the employ of Moore, Foote &
Co., wholesale grocers. In 1855 he became the
junior partner of the firm of Farrand & Wheaton,
wholesale druggists and grocers. From 1859 to
1862 Mr. Wheaton was in business by himself. In

1862 the firm name was Wheaton & Peek, and in

1863 he established the firm of Wheaton, Leonard
& Burr, the firm changing in 1869 to Wheaton &
Poppleton.

In 1867 Mr. Wheaton was elected Mayor of the
city, and re-elected in 1870, serving two terms. He
subsequently served as chairman of the Democratic
State Convention.

In 1873 and for several years following he served
as treasurer and general agent of the Marquette
and Pacific Rolling Mill Company, and of late years
has been engaged in a variety of enterprises.

HUGH MOFFAT, late Mayor of Detroit, was
born at Coldstream, Scotland, in the year 18 10.
Early in life he migrated to the United States,
settling first in the City of Albany, New York. In
the year 1837 he sought to better his fortune by
moving to the City of the Straits. Commencing
business here as a carpenter, he soon achieved emi-
nence in his employment through the erection of
many of the prominent buildings of other days.
Some of these structures still stand as monuments of
his honest skill. In later years he was the architect
and superintendent of the elegant and substantial
building that bears his name.

From the building business he, in 1852, drifted
naturally into the lumber trade, purchasing large
tracts of pine land and in his own mill transforming
the rough logs into lumber, continuing alone in the
business in 1878, when he formed a copartnership
with his son Addison, and Florance D. Fatherly,
the latter having been, for many years previous, a
confidential employee and faithful friend. In con-
nection with his business, one of his last enterprises
was the erection of a very extensive and complete
saw-mill, one of the best in the State. It occupies
the same site as his two previous mills, the first of
which was burned, and the second removed to make
room for the new structure.

In the lumber traffic Mr. Moffat was even more
successful than in his previous occupation, and year
by year he saw his wealth increase. This, how-
ever, did not have the effect of making him
either haughty or vain. He always retained a pro-
found sense of a common brotherhood with all sons
of toil. Connected with this feeling was an abhor-
rence of all sham or pretense. If a man was really

willing to work and could prove his willingness, he
could always depend on fair treatment and honest
compensation ; but if there seemed a disposition to
shirk a duty or conceal indifference, it was sure to
be reproved in words that would scorch and wither.
He was an early and active member of the old
Fire Department Society, and influential in the
Mechanics' Society when it was in its best estate.
He was also a leading member of and served as
president of St. Andrew's Society.

A typical Scotchman, he was as sturdy and strong
as one of the oaks in his native land. He had little
sympathy with the weak and vacillating, but once
convince him that a person or a cause was worthy
or deserving and his sympathies were w^arm and
active. Always acting upon the idea that what was
worth doing was worth doing well, all w*ho did
business with him found that his part was honestly
performed — that his word was as good as his bond.
He possessed unbending courage, high intelli-
gence and marked firmness of purpose. Enjoying
his privileges as a responsible citizen, he acted with
the Republican party, but he was in no sense a
' politician, and his party fealty never interfered with
or hindered him in the discharge of any public duty.
These characteristics specially fitted him for the
position he was destined to occupy.

In 1 87 1 his fellow-citizens elected him Mayor,
because they thought his firmness and integrity
were then particularly needed. It certainly seemed
as though he came "to the kingdom for such a
time." A crisis was at hand in municipal affairs,
and it is certain that no Mayor, before or since, had
so good an opportunity to serve the taxpayers of the
city, and also to serve the best and purest of all
faiths, and no one could have more fully and per-
fectly met the responsibility than did Mr. Moffat.

During the first year of his service as Mayor he
undoubtedly saved hundreds of thousands of dollars
to the citizens by reason of his numerous vetoes of
resolutions for paving the streets, the resolutions
vetoed being clearly drawn in the interest of those
who would have made large fortunes by foisting
upon the public a score of new-fangled and untried
methods of paving.

A second occasion in which he demonstrated his
fitness for the position of Mayor occurred in con-
nection with a proposal and effort to compel the city
to purchase grounds in Hamtramck for a park. It
seemed clearly evident that a majority of the citizens
did not approve of the proposed purchase; and
although a majority of the Common Council favored
the proposition and ordered the issue of bonds to
make the purchase. Mayor Moffat, with true Scotch
grit, refused to sign the bonds, declared that the
Council could not compel him to do so, and when
legal process was invoked to compel him to sign

MAYORS.

1047

them, he, at his own expense, carried the case to the
Supreme Court, and a decision was rendered which
clearly stated that the Legislature had no power to
direct that the city issue bonds for a purpose not
necessarily connected with the government or good
management of the city, and that the Council were
in error in assuming that the issue of the bonds was
mandatory. Mayor MoiTat was thus triumphant
and unjustifiable legislation was very properly re-
buked.

The question of Sunday observance and a decent
respect for the proprieties of American civilization
was also a leading issue during his mayoralty.
The subject came up in the form of a resolution
passed by the Common Council authorizing the
saloons to keep open on Sunday afternoons. Al-
though repeatedly passed, Mayor Moffat did not
dodge the issue, but each time vetoed the resolution
which authorized and attempted to legalize the
business of selling liquors on Sunday. For his
action on this question he merits grateful remem-
brance from all who have at heart the best interests
of the city.

After having served two terms as Mayor, Mr.
Moffat's characteristic traits became so well known
that citizens generally spoke of him as "Honest
Hugh Moffat," and this cognomen is one of the
noblest legacies that he left.

He died August 6, 1884. Several of the courts
immediately adjourned as a mark of respect and
various associations passed resolutions testifying to
his worthy life.

Mr. Moffat was married three times. His first
wife, whose maiden name was Margery McLachlan,
was of Scotch descent, and her parents came from
Callander, Stirlingshire. They were married at
Albany, November 23, 1836. She died June 16,
1856. His second wife, a cousin of the first, was
Miss Isabella McLachlan. They were married on
July 14, 1859, at New York. Ten years later, in
August, 1869, she passed away. Her remains were
taken to Greenwood, Long Island. On January 21,
1879, he married Mrs. Julia E. Hubbard, sister of
Thomas W. Palmer. She died November 20, 1880.

His son, Addison Moffat, died about two months
before his father, leaving as his widow Mrs. Grace
Buhl Moffat.

Hugh Moffat left three daughters and one son,
viz., Mrs. George McMillan, Mrs. Edward W. Bis-
sell. Miss Alice E. Moffat and William Moffat, all
of them residents of Detroit.

ALEXANDER LEWIS v^as born at Sandwich,
Ontario, October 24, 1822, and is the son of Thomas
and Jeanette (Velaire) Lewis. The family on the
father's side were originally from Wales and came
to this country early in the seventeenth century.

The mother's family, as the name shows, were from
France.

Thomas Lewis was born at Three Rivers, Cana-
da, and his wife at the locality formerly known as
Ottawa, part of which is now Windsor.

Alexander Lewis came here when a boy of fif-
teen on May i, 1837, and began clerking in the
store of E. W. Cole & Co., on the corner of Wood-
ward avenue and Atwater street, remaining about
two years, and then entering the employ of G. & J.
G. Hill, Druggists, on Jefferson avenue, between
Woodward avenue and Griswold street.

Two years later he left this firm and went to
Pontiac, where he remained until 1843, when he re-
turned to Detroit and entered the forwarding and
commission warehouse of Gray & Lewis, the firm
consisting of his brother Samuel Lewis, and Hor-
ace Gray. Two years later, in 1845, he went into
the forwarding and commission business with H. P.
Bridge, under the firm name of Bridge & Lewis.
They began at the foot of Bates street on the east
side, and from there removed to the foot of Ran-
dolph street. The firm continued seventeen years,
and then, in 1862, Mr. Lewis established himself in
the flour and grain business at Nos. 44 to 48 West
Woodbridge street, and continued there until 1884,
when he gave up active connection with that line of
business, and since then has devoted himself to the
care of various property interests.

He is one of the directors of the Detroit Fire and
Marine Insurance Company and of the Detroit
National Bank, is President of the Detroit Gas
Light Company, and is largely interested in real
estate.

He served as President of the Board of Trade in
1862, as Police Commissioner from 1865 to 1875, as
Mayor of the city in 1876 and 1877, and as one of
the Commissioners of the Public Library from 1881
to 1887.

Mr. Lewis was elected as Mayor of the city under
circumstances of the highest possible honor. The
distinct issue in the election was as to whether the
laws should be observed, and especially whether the
law providing for the proper observance of the Sab-
bath, should be enforced. Mr. Lewis, as the candi-
date of those who favored law and order, was sup-
ported almost unanimously by the religious and
moral elements of the community, was triumphantly
elected, and fully and squarely and repeatedly op-
posed the violation of law, successfully carrying out
the desires of those who elected him. As a leading
and influential member of the Democratic party, he
thus conferred upon it a lasting laurel.

He believes in his party, but evidently holds that
the title of true manhood and good citizenship is a
higher title than that of a partisan. He is eminently
a reliable and responsible citizen, and compels the

1048

MAYORS.

respect of all with whom he comes in contact. He
is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and
one of the oldest members of the original parish of
Ste. Anne's.

He was married on June 10, 1850, to Elizabeth J.
Ingersoll, daughter of Justus Ingersoll. They have
had thirteen children, eight of whom are living :
Ida Frances, wife of W. P. Healy, of Marquette ;
Edgar L., of Detroit ; Josephine, wife of Clarence
Carpenter ; Hattie I., wife of Cameron Currie ;
Harry B., Julia Velaire, Marion Marie and Alexan-
der Ingersoll.

GEORGE C. LANGDON was born in Geneva,
New York, in 1833. He attended school in Batavia,
New York, and afterwards in Farmington, Connec-
ticut, where he remained until he was eighteen years
old He then became a clerk in the wholesale dry
goods house of Lord, Warren, Slater & Co., of New
York. After about a year he returned to Geneva,
and his father, who was largely interested in Mich-
igan lands, sent him to Flint to engage in farm-
ing. He remained there three years and then came
to Detroit and entered Gregory's Commercial Col-
lege, where he soon mastered the art of bookkeep-
ing. After leaving the college he obtained a position
as bookkeeper in the Copper Smelting Works at
Springwells, and was afterwards bookkeeper for S.
H. Ives & Co., bankers. "From there he went into
partnership with Captain Carey in the commission
business.

In 1864, with N. G. Williams, he purchased the
Central brewery, which was operated under the
name of Langdon & Co. In 1870 he became sole
proprietor of the business, and a few years later he
sold out and engaged in business as a maltster.

In 1877 he was elected Mayor of Detroit and
served during 1878 and 1879.

He married Miss Fannie Vallee, of this city. She
died in May, 1887, leaving two daughters.

WILLIAM G. THOMPSON was born in Lan-
caster, Pennsylvania, July 23, 1842. His father was
a lawyer in that city. Mr. Thompson was educated
at Amherst College, Massachusetts.

In 1 86 1, at the age of nineteen, he enlisted in the
Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry for three months.
When his term of enlistment expired he removed to
Toledo at his mother's request, who imagined that
he would have less chance of contracting the war
fever in a western city. But when Colonel Arthur
Rankin organized a lancer regiment he came here,
received a commission as First Lieutenant, and
spent the w^inter of 1861-62 in Detroit. The lancer
regiment was disbanded and he went back to Lan-
caster, and was subsequently appointed an aide-de-
camp with the rank of Second Lieutenant in the Sixth

New Jersey Infantry. He was severely wounded
at Chancellorsville and won his grade as First
Lieutenant by gallantry on the field.

When his regiment was mustered out in 1 864 he
studied law in New York for a time, and then came
to Detroit and entered the law office of D. B. & H.
M. Duffield. In 1867 he was admitted to the bar,
and in the same year he married Adelaide Mary
Brush, daughter of the late E. A. Brush. Mrs.
Thompson died in 1875, leaving one daughter.

In November, 1878, Mr. Thompson married
Adele Campau, daughter of the late D. J. Campau.

He served as one of the first Board of Estimates
in 1873, as Alderman of the Third Ward in 1874
and 1875, and as Mayor of the city from 1880 to

STEPHEN BENEDICT GRUMMOND, of

Detroit, widely known in connection with extensive
interests in lake navigation, was born near what is
now Marine City, on the St. Clair river, September 18,
1834, and is the son of Stephen Benedict and Mary
(Harrow) Grummond. His father, who was born in
the western part of New York State, came to Michigan
in 1807 and settled near Marine City, where he was
engaged in farming, and kept a general store, the
first on the river. He was successful in business,
accumulated a competency, and was respected as an
influential and useful citizen. He died in 1856. His
wife, who died in 1 877, was of Scotch descent, and
was the daughter of Alexander Harrow, who came
to Michigan while it was under British rule. For
many years he was connected with the English
navy as commander of His Majesty's sloop •' Wel-
come " and other war vessels. He became one of
the best known navigators of the lakes, and ren-
dered efficient services to the English government.
S. B. Grummond's early life was passed in St.
Clair county. Possessing a restless and ambitious
nature, at the age of fifteen he began his business
career by securing a position on a vessel engaged
in lake navigation ; but when navigation closed,
spent the winters at school. At the age of twenty-
one, with the savings from his own industry and a
little aid from his father, he purchased a vessel and
sailed her for several years. In 1855 he retired from
the command, came to Detroit, bought another ves-
sel, and has ever since been engaged in buying, selling
and running vessels of various kinds. His business
has extended from year to year, until at the present
time he is one of the principal owners of lake ves-
sels, and his line of boats is well known and
largely patronized. He is the proprietor of Grum-
mond's Mackinac Line of steamers, and does the
largest tug and wrecking business on the lakes.
His efforts have resulted in the accumulation of a
large fortune, which is invested in Detroit real

^/72-^^^t

MAYORS.

1049

estate and in various business enterprises. His
success can be attributed to thorough mastery of
his business, practical experience in all its details,
good judgment and judicious management.

Originally a member of the Democratic party, ever
since the election of Abraham Lincoln he has been
an earnest supporter of the Republican party. His
connection with political affairs as a public officer has
not been the result of any desire on his part for politi-
cal honors. Official trusts have only been assumed
upon the urgent request of friends, and when he
honestly believed the public good would be advanced
thereby. In 1879 he was elected a member of the
Board of Estimates, and at the expiration of his
term in 1881 was elected a member of the newly
created City Council or Upper House for the long
term. After two years'service in this capacity he was
made without solicitation on his part, and even
against his wishes, the unanimous choice of his party
as its candidate for Mayor. He was successfully elec-
ted, and during his term of office fulfilled the duties
of the position in such a manner as to win the ap-
proval of the best element of the city. A practical
business man, his administration was marked by the
same good sense and sound business principles which
in his private career had ensured success. He used
all his influence towards getting the city affairs into
a sound financial condition, and against public
clamor had the courage to veto measures he be-
lieved against the public good ; the result in almost
every case has proved that the course he favored
was both wise and prudent. His administration
met the approval of the people generally, regardless
of party. Near the close of his term of office the
Detroit Free Press, the leading Democratic paper
in the State, said: ** He has been in the main
an excellent Mayor, and has discharged the duties
of his office, as he understood them, with painstak-
ing fidelity, entire honesty, and no greater display
of partisanship than would be naturally expected of
an official chosen by partisan vote." This, from a
paper politically opposed to him, was praise indeed.
As a business man, Mr. Grummond's main power
lies in the spirit of perseverance with which his
plans are pursued. That his undertakings, both in
public and private affairs, have been sagacious, is
undeniable, and his success in various directions
has vindicated his business foresight. He is inde-
pendent and courageous, but modest and unassum-
ing ; dislikes publicity, finds his chief enjoyment in
the prosecution of his numerous business ventures,
but is public spirited and progressive in his ideas,
and readily gives his support to deserving public
enterprises, and by his ability and integrity com-
mands the confidence of his fellow citizens^

He was married December 12, 1 861, to Louisa B.
Prouty, of Detroit. They have had eleven chil-

dren, seven of whom are living, four girls and three
boys.

M. H. CHA^MBERLAIN was born in Wood-
stock, Lenawee County, Michigan, November 5,
1842. His father, Philonzo Chamberlain, was born
in New York State in 1804, and, at the age of
eighty-four, is hale and hearty. Mr. Chamberlain
is of the English family of Chamberlain, whose
descendants came to America early in old colonial
times. His great-grandfather was^ a soldier in the
Revolutionary war and fought at Bunker Hill and
on other bloody fields. The gun used by him at
Bunker Hill is now in the possession of the family,
who jealousy guard it as a memorial of great value.

Mr. Chamberlain's maternal ancestors came from ,
Scotland. His mother was born in New York State
in 1798 and died in Detroit, January 25th, 1884.
Early in life she and her husband settled in Niagara
County, New York, and in 1835 removed to Michi-
gan, purchasing a farm in Lenawee County. Their,
next home was in Litchfield, Hillsdale County, and
in the spring of 1869 they located in Detroit.

M. H. Chamberlain is the youngest in a family of
eight children, six boys and two girls, seven of
whom are living. He attended a district school
until about fifteen years of age. In the winter of
1859-60 he taught school in Lenawee County, and
in the spring of i860 entered Hillsdale College.
Soon after leaving college he taught school in Oak-
land County. In 1864 he came to Detroit, attended
a commercial college until May, 1865, and then took
a position in the office of F. A. Stokes, on the
corner of Jefferson avenue and Wayne street.
During the first year he was employed as book-
keeper,, and the year following as traveling salesman.
In November, 1867, he, with his brother, Mr. A. H.
Chamberlain, purchased Mr. Stokes' interest in the
business, and the firm of M. H. Chamberlain & Co.
was formed. Starting with comparatively small
capital and only a few months' experience in the
business, their success has been quite remarkable,
and in their line they are among the leading firms
in the country.

In the spring of 1873 the Chamberlains organized
the Fearless Tobacco Company. Mr. M. H. Cham-
berlain continued as a partner until March, 1876,
when he sold his interest to his brother. In 1874
Mr. M. H. Chamberlain, with others, organized the
Commercial Travelers' Association of Michigan,
and he was elected its first president.

In 1882 he was elected to the City Council, and
in 1885 was made president of that body. In the
fall of 1885 he was elected Mayor of Detroit on the
Democratic ticket by a majority of about eighteen
hundred over the Republican nominee.

When a boy he was a recognized leader among

I050

MAYORS.

his playmates. At school he was always prominent
in debate, is said to have been very fond of speech-
making, and is possessed of a remarkable memory.
He is agreeable, well-informed, tenacious in follow-
ing out a purpose, and possessed of excellent
judgment. These characteristics, with other ad-
vantages, had naturally much to do with his election
to the position of chief municipal officer of the city.
He was married to Miss Ellen Wilson, of Niagara
County, New York, in 1876.

JOHN PRIDGEON, Jr., was born at Detroit,
August I, 1852, and is the son of John and Emma
(Nicholson) Pridgeon. His father is of English
descent and has been for many years largely inter-
ested in vessels of various kinds.

John Pridgeon, Jr., attended the public schools of

Detroit, and about 1 87 1 was first employed as clerk
on one of his father's boats, continuing in this posi-
tion about five years.

From 1876 to 1879 he was agent at Port Huron
of the Chicago and Grand Trunk line of steamers
running between Chicago and Point Edward. When
this line was discontinued he came to Detroit and
has since been interested with his father in their ex-
tensive business of buying, selling, and operating
tugs, sailing vessels, and propellers

In 1885 he was elected a member of the City
Council, serving two years, and in the fall of 1887
was elected Mayor of the city.

He was married in December, 1874, to Cora
Edgar. She was born in Pittsburgh. They have
had two sons, neither of whom are now living. His
wife is a member of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal
Church.

I

L - V- ^

CHAPTER XCI.

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS, AND CAPITALISTS.

RUSSELL A. ALGER, recently Governor of
Michigan, was born in the township of Lafayette,
Medina County, Ohio, February 27, 1836. On the
paternal side the genealogy of the family can be
traced through English channels to the time of
William the Conqueror. . The earliest of the name
in this country was John Alger, the great-grand-
father of R. A, Alger. He served in the Revolu-
tionary war and took part in many of its battles.
Russell Alger, the father of R. A. Alger, married
Caroline Moulton, a descendant of Robert Moulton,
of England, who came to Massachusetts in 1627 in
charge of a vessel laden with ship-building material
and having a number of skilled carpenters as pas-
sengers. It is probable that the first vessel built in
Massachusetts was constructed by Mr. Moulton.
Both in England and America the Moultons are
numerous and many of them have attained distinc-
tion.

The Alger family went to Ohio in 1 800 and took
a leading part in the development of that now great
State. When he was eleven years old, the parents
of R. A. Alger died, leaving dependent upon him a
younger brother and sister. With a cheerful and
heroic spirit, an important element in his after suc-
cesses, he at once engaged in farm work, and during
the greater part of the next seven years worked
upon a farm in Richfield, Ohio, saving his money
and applying it for the benefit of his brother and
sister. In the winter, during the suspension of farm
work, he improved his time by attending the Rich-
field Academy, and by self-denial and hard work
he obtained a good English education, and at the
age of eighteen secured a position as a teacher,
and taught school during the winter months for
several years.

In March, 1857, he entered the office of Wolcott
& Upson, at Akron, Ohio, and began the study of
law, remaining until 1859, when he was admitted to
the bar by the Supreme Court of Ohio. Soon after-
wards he removed to Cleveland and entered the law
office of Otis & Coffinbury, remaining but a few
months, and retiring in the fall of 1859 on account

of ill-health caused by hard study and close confine-
ment. This retirement from the pursuits of a pro-
fession which had proved uncongenial was final, as
he soon after removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan,
where he engaged in the lumber business. He had
but fairly begun to obtain a foothold in business
when the war with the South began, and in August,

1 86 1, he responded to his country's call, and from
the time of his enlistment until he left the service
the record of his heroic military service is a record
of honor. He first enlisted in the Second Michigan
Cavalry, and in the autumn, when that regiment
was mustered into service, he was commissioned as
Captain and assigned to the command of Com-
pany JZ.

His first important service occurred on July i,

1862, at the battle of Booneville, Mississippi. That
engagement, which was one of the most important
minor battles of the war and fought against tremen-
dous odds, arose from an attack made by General
Chalmers, of the Confederate service, with seven
thousand mounted men— eleven regiments and por-
tions of regiments— upon Colonel Philip H. Sheri-
dan with two small regiments, the Second Iowa and
the Second Michigan Cavalry. Sheridan's command
from the start fought desperately. Seeing that he
was outflanked and in danger of being surrounded,
he sent ninety-two picked men, commanded by
Captain Alger, with orders to make a circuit and
charge the enemy upon the rear with sabers and
cheers. The cheers were to be the signal for Sheri-
dan to simultaneously charge the enemy in front.
The brave ninety-two charged as ordered and
Sheridan immediately dashed upon the front, and
so w^ell executed were the two movements that the
Confederate forces- broke and ran. One hundred
and twenty-five of the enemy's killed were buried
upon the field, and a large number of their wounded
were carried away. The ninety-two sent on this
forlorn hope lost forty-two killed and wounded.
Captain Alger was both wounded and captured,
but escaped in the confusion of the rebel stampede.
For his gallant service in the battle he was pro-

I052

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

moted to the rank of Major, and it was in this bat-
tle that Colonel Sheridan gained his earliest fame
and was soon after promoted to the rank of Briga-
dier-General.

Major Alger continued to merit the approval of
his superior officers, and on October i6, 1862, was
promoted to the Lieutenant- Colonelcy of the Sixth
Michigan Cavalry, and on June 2, 1863, to the
Colonelcy of the Fifth Michigan Cavalry, his regi-
ment being in General Custer's famous Michigan
cavalry brigade.

On June 28, 1863, Colonel Alger's command
entered the village of Gettysburg, being the first of
the Federal forces to reach that place and receive
definite information as to the movements of the
enemy. In the great battle, then so little expected,
v^rhich was fought at the very doors of Gettysburg,
he with his regiment did most effective service. In
General Custer's official report of the part taken by
the cavalry at Gettysburg, the name of Colonel
Alger frequently appears, and acknowledgment is
marfe of the distinguished part he bore in the en-
gagement. On July 4, 1863, during the pursuit of
the enemy which followed the battle. Colonel Alger
led the advance with the Fifth Michigan Cavalry,
and when near Monterey, on the top of South
Mountain, Maryland, with great daring and equally
great confidence in his men, he dismounted, crossed
a bridge guarded by more than 1,500 infantry, and
succeeded in capturing the enemy's train, together
with 1,500 prisoners.

On July 8, 1863, at the battle of Boonsboro, he
was so severely wounded as to be unable to assume
command of his regiment until the following Sep-
tember. His subsequent famous charge with his
regiment at Trevillian Station, Virginia, on June 11,
1864, when with only three hundred men he cap-
tured a large force of the enemy, is memorable as
one of the most brilliant and daring deeds of the
war. General Sheridan's report concerning this
engagement, on file in the War Department, says :

" The cavalry engagement of the eleventh and twelfth was by
far the most brilliant one of the present campaign. The enemy's
loss was very heavy. My loss in captured will not exceed one
hundred and sixty. They are principally from the Fifth Michi-
gan Cavalry. This regiment, Colonel Russell A. Alger com-
manding, gallantly charged down the Gordonville road, captur-
ing 1,500 horses and about 800 prisoners, but were finally sur-
rounded and had to give them up."

During the winter of 1863 and 1864 Colonel
Alger was assigned to special service, reporting
directly to President Lincoln, and while so engaged
visited nearly every army in the field.

It was his fortune to serve in or command regi-
ments better armed than most, and they were fre-
quently engaged in fatiguing and perilous service.
At first he served in the west and south, but from
the invasion of Maryland by General Lee in 1863

until the day of his retirement. Colonel Alger was
with the Army of the Potomac and in constant
service except when disabled by wounds. His bri-
gade accompanied General Sheridan to the Shenan-
doah Valley in 1864, and served through that cam-
paign. On September 20, 1864, he resigned on
account of physical disability, and was honorably
discharged, having during his period of service
taken part in sixty-six battles and skirmishes. At
the close of the war he was made Brevet Brigadier-
General for gallant and meritorious services to rank
from the battle of Trevillian Station, and on June
II, 1865, he was made Brevet Major-General for
gallant and meritorious services during the war.

When he returned from the field of strife he re-
moved to Detroit, and in company with Franklin and
Stephen Moore engaged in the lumber trade, deal-
ing especially in long pine timber, and also in
pine lands. After a few years the firm of Moore,
Alger & Co. was succeeded by the firm of Moore &
Alger and then by R. A. Alger & Co., which con-
tinued until 1874, when the corporation of Alger,
Smith & Co. was organized with General Alger as
President. In these various business associations
he has displayed remarkable ability, and the cor-
poration of which he is the head has become the
largest operator in pine timber in the world. The
corporation own extensive tracts of pine lands in
Alcona, Alger, Chippewa, and Schoolcraft counties
in the Upper Peninsula, and on the Canadian shore
of Lake Huron. In addition to the interests above
named. General Alger is President of the Manis-
tique Lumber Company, organized in 1882 with a
capital of $3,000,000. He also has large investments
in red wood lands in California and Washington Ter-
ritory, and in the pine lands of Wisconsin and
Louisiana, and is largely mterested in an exten-
sive cattle ranch in New Mexico, and is President of
the company. He is President and the largest
stockholder in the Detroit, Bay City & Alpena
Railroad, and owns a large amount of stock in the
Peninsular Car Company, the Detroit National and
State Savings Banks, in which he is a Director ; he
is also a stockholder in the Detroit Copper and
Brass Rolling Mills, and in several other extensive
corporations. Coming to Detroit at the close of the
war, rich only in honors gained in fighting the bat-
tles of his country, he entered the business world,
and by his exceptional native abilities he long since
gained a foremost place among the business men of
Michigan. He is a man of strong will, resolute
courage, great tenacity of purpose, a high order of
financial generalship and rare administrative ability.
When a course of action has been determined upon,
he is self-reliant and trustful of his own judgment,
and inspires others with perfect confidence in his
capacity to accomplish what he undertakes. He is

u

7 I •^) /

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAl'ITALISTS.

1053

not discouraged or baffled even by the most formid-
able obstacles, but is fertile in resources, prompt in
action, energetic in execution and uniformly suc-
cessful.

He has been a Republican ever since he reached
his majority, and constantly active in the service of
his party. Though possessed of a strong taste for
politics, his time has been so completely engrossed
by business responsibilities that until recent years he
avoided the cares of office. He was a delegate to
the Chicago Convention of 1884 that nominated
Blaine and Logan, and in 1884 was elected Gover-
nor of Michigan. His administration of state
affairs was in all respects equally as successful as
his management .of his personal interests, and that
is almost ideal. Keen, sagacious and penetrating,
the business interests of the state were carefully
guarded and all the charitable and educational in-
stitutions fostered, protected and enlarged. Com-
bining the practicalities of a thorough business
man with the training of a lawyer and the experi-
ence of a soldier, his state papers were models of
clearness, simplicity and force. At the end of his
term he laid aside the duties of his gubernatorial
position, secure in the confidence of the people,
whose good opinion he had so richly earned. In
1888 he was a leading candidate for the presidential
nomination, and if he had been a resident of a
really doubtful Republican State would probably
have received the nomination.

In personal appearance General Alger is tall,
slender in form, with an erect, dignified bearing.
He is quick and incisive in speech, never brusque,
but approachable, courteous and considerate toward
all. He begets and retains warm friendships, and
those who are numbered among his friends and
confidantes are sure to be profited by his judgment
and helpfulness. Although so deeply engrossed
with business duties, he is a lover of books and a
devoted patron of art, and is among the first to re-
spond to deserving public enterprises. Possessed of
a generous and sympathetic nature, he is ever atten-
tive to the needs of those less fortunate than him-
self, and does not wait for others, but seeks out
opportunities for doing good, and thousands of
people have reason to feel grateful for timely bene-
factions received from him. In public life and in
his private affairs his achievements, coupled with
his irreproachable life, reflect credit upon the state
and city of his adoption.

He was married in 1861 to Annette H. Henry, of
Grand I'apids. Their family consists of three
daughters and three sons.

JOHN JUDSON BAGLEY, formerly Governor
of Michigan, was born at Medina, Orleans County,
New York, July 24, 1832. He was a descendant of

the Bagley family who came from England early in
the seventeenth century. His grandmother, Olive
Judson, was a daughter of Captain Tim^othy Jud-
son, a soldier of the Revolution. The Judsons
were a prominent family in Connecticut, descended
from an old English family in Yorkshire, who came
to America in 1634 and first settled in Concord,
Massachusetts. There were many ministers in the
family, among them the Rev. Adoniram Judson, the
noted foreign missionary. Mr. Bagley was also a
direct descendant of Rev. Thomas Hooker, who
came from Hertfordshire, England, and established
the first church in Connecticut.

John Bagley, the father of Governor Bagley, was
born in Durham, Greene County, New York. He
established himself in business at Medina, but
afterwards moved to Lockport. His wife was a
native of Connecticut, a woman of education and
refinement, with great strength and force of charac-
ter. Both parents were devout and active members
of the Episcopal Church. John was one of a family
of eight children, and his mother intended to edu-
cate him for the ministry ; but financial reverses
came to the family, and they found what in those
days was considered a fortune suddenly swept away.
Michigan had recently been admitted as a State,
and John's father, hoping to regain what he had
lost, moved from Lockport to St. Joseph County, in
this state, stopping a few months at Mottville, and
then going to Constantine, and from there to
Owosso, in Shiawassee County.

John J. Bagley attended school at Constantine,
White Pigeon and Owosso. He began his business
life in a country store in Constantine, and after the
family moved to Owosso he was engaged as clerk
in the firm of Dewey & Goodhue. In these coun-
try stores everything was sold from calico to drugs,
and here he received his early business training.
The hours of work were early and late, but a little
time could always be found for reading and study.
When fourteen years of age he left Owosso and
X found employment in the tobacco store and factory
of Isaac S. Miller, in Detroit.

In 1853, when twenty-one years of age, he estab-
lished a manufactory of his own on Woodward
avenue, below Jefferson, and started the well-known
•* Mayflower " brand of fine-cut chewing tobacco.
As his business prospered he engaged in other
important enterprises. He possessed wise fore-
thought, good judgment, and keen perception,
grasped great affairs and managed them with a
skill that commanded confidence and success.

He was one of the organizers of the Michigan
Mutual Life Insurance Company, and served as
President from 1867 to 1872 ; was one of the orig-
inal stockholders and for several years President of
the Detroit Safe Company ; he was a corporator of

I054

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

the Wayne County Savings Bank, and one of the
charter members of the American National Bank ;
helped to organize the Merchants* and Manufac-
turers* Exchange, and was actively interested in the
creation of Woodmere Cemetery, and served as its
first President.

Soon after he cast his first vote he was elected a
member of the Board of Education from the Third
Ward in the City of Detroit, and remained a mem-
ber from 1835 to 1858. He served as a member of
the Common Council in i860 and i86r, and did
much to secure the establishment of the Detroit
House of Correction, and was one of its first Inspec-
tors. As a member of the Council he recognized
the necessity of a more thorough and efficient police
system for the city. For him to see was to act, and
he rested not till the plan which he drafted was a
law, and the present metropolitan police system
organized. He was one of the original Commis-
sioners and remained on the Board from February
28, 1865, to August 24, 1872. In all public affairs
he weighed carefully the opinions of others, formed
his own convictions and followed them.

Long before he had attained his majority he was
a pronounced Whig, although his father was a
Democrat. He was an active Republican from the
organization of the party, his name appearing
among the signers to the call for the Convention
which organized the Republican party, and he was
one of the most zealous and efficient in the prelim-
inary work of the organization. In 1 868 he was
made chairman of the Republican State Central
Committee.

At the breaking out of the rebellion he was one
of the most active citizens of Michigan in every-
thing looking to a vigorous prosecution of the war.
During those sad days he seemed to lead a double
life. All the time and energy that any man should
give to business he gave to his, and yet he seemed
to devote all his time to his party, his state and his
country. He was frequently at Washington and
with the armies in the field, giving aid, comfort and
counsel when most needed.

In 1872 he became the Republican candidate for
Governor and was elected by nearly 60,000 major-
ity, receiving 1,400 more votes than the Grant
electors, a plurality which at once proved the
strength of the party and his personal popularity. .
He was renominated in 1874, and although the
Democrats swept the whole country that year, car-
rying more than two-thirds of the House of Repre-
sentatives and electing a Governor in Massachu-
setts, Governor Bagley's personal popularity saved
Michigan to his party by a majority of 6,000 over
the Democratic candidate. In January, 1880, he
was a candidate for United States Senator from
Michigan, and came within one vote of receiving the

nomination by the Republican caucus of the Legis-
lature.

While serving as Governor he manifested the
same intelligent force that had made his many busi-
ness ventures a success. With a zeal rarely found
he gave both time and money to promote the wel-
fare of the various educational and charitable insti-
tutions of the state, and his gifts were always made
for such definite objects that it was evident careful
thought and a well recognized need had prompted
the gift. During his administration the State
Militia was reorganized, a new life infused into its
membership, and for the first time it was placed
upon a serviceable footing. He was an earnest
advocate of the tax system as applied to the liquor
traffic, in place of the then inoperative prohibitory
system, and presented strong reasons for the change.
The State Reform School was through his efforts
relieved of many of its prison features, and made
more of an educational institution.

The law providing for a Board of Charities and
Corrections, and the present system of dealing with
juvenile offenders through county agents, was orig-
inated during his administration, and received his
hearty support. He inspired and directed a wise
ameliqration in the methods of the Reform School,
the State Prison and the House of Correction, and
by his personal influence and private benevolence
adorned their walls with beautiful pictures, stocked
their library shelves, and regaled them with luxu-
ries not provided by the State, the influences of which
have left their imprint for personal good upon thou-
sands of characters.

He was one of the original Board of Control of
the State Public School at Coldwater, and suggested
and applied many important changes in its organi-
zation. The plans of the building were adopted
and the institution located there, when he was a
member. He subsequently, as Governor, became
an ex-officio member of the Board and acted as
such up to the time of the opening of the school for
the children in May, 1874. After retiring from the
Board he was a frequent and welcome visitor, and
every Christmas day the scholars were remembered
in a substantial manner. A fountain was given them,
to ornament the grounds, illustrative of child life,
and one thousand dollars as a perpetual fund, to be
held in trust by the Board and its successors, the
interest each year to be expended on Christmas for
the individual benefit of the children. This gift i-s
known as the KJittie Bagley fund, in memory of'' a
little daughter of the donor, who died some years
before her father.

Among the notable measures of his administra-
tion was the entire revision of the general railroad
laws and the bringing of all the companies under
the supervision of a State Commissioner. As

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1055

chairman of the State Centennial Board he worked
indefatigably to insure the success of Michigan's
representation in Philadelphia, giving largely of his
own private means for that purpose.

His state papers were models of compact, busi-
ness-like statements, bold, original and full of prac-
tical suggestions, and his administration will long
be considered among the ablest in this or any other
State. The planting of "Centennial trees " was
one of the many " happy thoughts " that he formu-
lated while Governor, and the idea was approved
and acted upon all over the Union. During
his leisure hours, especially during the last few
years of his life, he devoted much time to becoming
acquainted with .the best authors, and biography
was his delight. He was a generous and intelli-
gent patron of the arts, and his elegant home was a
study and pleasure to his many friends, who always
found there a hearty welcome. He never flagged
in any task he undertook, but w^orked unceasingly
and with a determination that knew no such word
as fail. It led him to labor beyond his strength, to
do in a brief time what he might better have taken
months or years to accomplish. Such determina-
tion won rapid success, but it caused the wick to
burn low and go out at an age when most men are
just beginning to see a bright prospect ahead. His
nature was many-sided, and there was something
in him with which everybody could feel at home.

Every line of his genial face was honest and true,
and his clear eyes looked through all hollowness or
sham. He had a very tender love of home, and one
of his favorite mottoes was, " East or West, Home
is best." The city where he lived was his larger
home, to which he always returned with satis-
faction, and for the welfare of which he loved to
labor

Although born and educated as an Episcopalian,
he connected himself with the Unitarian Church as
most nearly expressing his ideas ; but his interest
was not confined to that denomination. Wherever
good men and women met and worshiped the Liv-
ing God, there was his church ; such he was ever
ready to join in every good word and work. For
many years he was connected with the Unitarian
Conference as Vice-President and President.

In 1855 he married Miss Frances E. Newbury, of
Dubuque, Iowa, whose father, Rev. Samuel New-
bury, a Presbyterian clergyman, w^as one of the
pioneers in the establishment of the educational in-
stitutions of the State, helping to do in Michigan
what his friend and correspondent, Horace Mann,
did in Massachusetts. Mr. and Mrs. Bagley had
eight children. Seven of them are living and in
Detroit, namely : Mrs. Florence B. Sherman, John
N. Bagley, Mrs. Frances B. Brown, Margaret, Olive,
Paul Frederick and Helen Bagley.

W'ith a large, powerful frame and great bodily
strength. Governor Bagley seemed the embodiment
of health and cheerfulness, until the winter of
1876-77, when he felt the first indications that his
strength was giving way, and at no time afterwards
was he a well man. In September, 1880, he had
a slight stroke of paralysis, and from this he never
fully recovered. Early in the spring of 1881 he
journeyed to California to try the climate of the
Pacific coast, but it brought no permanent relief,
and he died in San Francisco, July 27, 1 881, at the
age of forty-nine.

Governor Bagley 's will was characteristic of the
man, containing bequests for many local charities.
Catholic and Protestant being alike remembered.
He also made generous gifts to all who had been in
his employ for five years or more, and left the sum
of $5,000 with which to erect a public drinking
fountain in Detroit. The fountain was erected on
the open square at the head of Fort street west,
and was unveiled on May 30, 1887. The hundreds
who daily quench their thirst at this elegant memo-
rial are constantly reminded of the liberal donor.

HENRY P. BALDWIN. Ex-Governor and Ex-
United States Senator, is one of the oldest living
residents of Detroit, his residence covering a period
of fully fifty years. He traces his ancestry in this
country to Nathaniel Baldwin, an English Puritan,
who settled in Milford, Connecticut, in 1639. One
of his descendants was the Rev. Moses Baldwin,
who in 1757 received the first collegiate honors that
Princeton College bestowed, and for upwards of
half a century was pastor of a Presbyterian church
in Palmer, Massachusetts, where he died in 1813.
One of his sons, John Baldwin, who graduated at
Dartmouth in 1791, and died in North Providence,
Rhode Island, in 1826, was the father of Henry P.
Baldwin.

On the maternal side the ancestry of Mr. Baldwin
is traced to Robert Williams, a Puritan, whose place
of settlement in 1638 was Roxbury, Massachusetts.
The Governor's maternal grandfather was the Rev.
Nehemiah Williams, a Harvard graduate. He was
pastor of the Congregational church at Brimfield,
Massachusetts, for the space of twenty-one years,
and died at that place in 1 796.

Henry P. Baldwin was born at Coventry, Rhode
Island, February 22, 18 14. He received a public
school education, supplemented by a brief academic
course. The death of both his parents forced him,
at an early age, into active service for the gaining of
a livelihood. He went into a store as clerk and re-
mained there until twenty years of age, when he
engaged in business on his own account at Woon-
sqcket, Rhode Island.

Three years later, in 1837, he made a visit to the

I056

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

west, and during that trip became so impressed with
the commercial advantages of Detroit that, in the
spring of 1838, he located permanently in the city.
His career as a merchant covered a record of many
years. Beginning in a small way, he broadened his
business plans and pushed them rapidly forward
with unfaltering energy. He became a prosperous
and progressive citizen and identified his name with
the mercantile history, not only of Detroit, but of
the West. Retiring, a few years ago, from active
participation in the establishment he founded, he
left it to his successors as a valuable heritage.

From the year i860 Mr. Baldwin has been prom-
inently identified with the political history of the
State. He was chosen to the State Senate and
served during the years 1861 and 1SS2. During his
term of service he was chairman of the Finance
Committee, a member of the Committee on Banks
and Corporations, and chairman of the Select Joint
Committee of the two Houses for the investigation
of the acts of the State Treasurer. He was like-
wise chairman of the legislative committee charged
with the important work of improving the Sault Ste.
Marie ship canal. This was the chief work in the
line of internal improvement then under the control
of the State, and Mr. Baldwin was influential in the
prosecution of the work.

In 1868 he was elected by the Republican party
to the office of Governor of Michigan, and two
years later re-elected, thus serving four years as the
chief executive of the State. The period of his
incumbency was marked by the establishment and
improvement of several public enterprises. He
assisted materially in the advancement and in broad-
ening the scope of the State Charities. He founded
the State Public School for Dependent Children,
which is a model of its kind. He also secured the
permanent organization of a commission to super-
vise the State Charities and Penal Institutions.
He recommended the establishment of the Eastern
Insane Asylum, the State Board of Health, and the
State House of Correction. He obtained appro-
priations for the enlargement of the University and
was instrumental in the erection of the elegant
State Capitol building at Lansing. He not only
recommended the* appropriation for its construc-
tion, but the contracts for all the work were let
under his administration, and he appointed the
building commission under whose direction and
supervision the Capitol was begun and completed.

During his last term the fires of 1871 destroyed
the city of Chicago, and other fires swept, with
devastating consequences, through the State of
Michigan. Governor Baldwin issued a call to the
State of Michigan on behalf of the western me-
tropolis, and it is a matter of history that that call
was nobly answered. Soon afterwards he issued a

similar appeal in aid of the people of his own State,,
and supplemented it with such admirable and sys-
tematic methods for the collecting of donations and
administering relief, that within three months he
was enabled to make the gratifying public announce-
ment that no further aid was needed.

In 1876 Mr. Baldwin served as a member of the
Republican National Convention which nominated
R. B. Hayes for the Presidency. In 1879 the sud-
den death of Senator Zachariah Chandler created a
vacancy in the United States Senate, and Mr. Bald-
win was appointed to fill the position, and did so
with great credit and ability. In addition to other
engagements Mr. Baldwin has, for nearly forty
years, been conspicuously identified with the bank-
ing history of Detroit. He was a director in the old
Michigan State Bank up to the time the charter of
the bank expired. In 1 863, upon the organization
of the Second National Bank of Detroit, he was
chosen its President and remained so until the re-
organization of the institution in 1883, as the De-
troit National Bank, when he was again elected
President, which position he retained until 1887,
when he resigned because of proposed absence on
on extended tour to the Old World.

His connection with the affairs of the Protestant
Episcopal Church of Detroit has had much to do
with the remarkable prosperity of that denomina-
tion. When he first came to Detroit he joined St.
Paul's Church, which was then the sole occupant of
the Protestant Episcopal field in Detroit. He was
soon chosen vestryman and warden, and has ever
since filled important positions in connection with the
church. In 1858 he, with other churchmen, organ-
ized a new parish called St. John's. In 1859 work
was begun upon the church building, chapel, and
rectory, at the corner of High street and Wood-
ward avenue, and a very large proportion of the
entire expense of the undertaking was cont ibuted
by Mr. Baldwin, with whom it has ever been a prin-
ciple to bestow a liberal portion of his income in
religious enterprises. In the history of the Diocese
of Michigan he has been an important factor. For
more than forty years he was a fellow-member,
with Charles C. Trowbridge, of the Standing Com-
mittee of the Diocese, and with him bore the
burden of active labors in an endeavor that achieved
much in the way of useful and valuable results, and
both of them were continuously appointed to repre-
sent the Diocese in the General Convention of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, Mr. Baldwin is still
a member of the Standing Committee of the Dio-
cese.

In 1852 his health led him to seek rest and recrea-
tion abroad, and he made an extended tour of the
European continent. In 1864 and 1865, accompa-
nied by the Rev. Mr. Armitage, Rector of St.

^-^^^^

GOVERNORS, SENATORS. BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1057

JohnV, he made a second European trip. In the
winter of 1862 and 1863, in pursuit of relaxation
from business cares, he made a sea voyage to Cali-
fornia via the Isthmus. The steamer in which he
was a passenger was captured near the West Indies
by the Alabama, a Confederate vessel. This mis-
hap resulted in a detention of two days, but the
captives were finally released upon the officers of
the steamer giving a bond to pay ransom money
after the acknowledgment of the independence of
the Confederate States ; fortunately for the officers
of the steamer, and for the country as well, the
conditional pledge never became an obligation.

In addition to his connection with the political,
religious and financial history of the city and State,
Mr. Baldwin has had much to do with the social
life of the city. He served as President of the
Young Men's Society, and also of St. Luke's Hos-
pital and Church Home, and has for several years
been President of the Michigan Soldiers' and Sail-
ors' Monument Association. He has been promi-
nently identified with the Detroit Museum of Art,
his interest in art matters is not of a recent date,
and for a number of years he has possessed many
valuable works obtained by himself, and by Major
Cass while United States Minister in Rome.

His social qualities make his company desirable.
He is frank and outspoken, but dignified, courteous
and generous, and any one who has him for a coun-
selor and friend is fortunate indeed.

LEWIS CASS, second Governor of the Territory
of Michigan, was born in Exeter, New Hampshire,
October 9, 1782, and his ancestors w^ere among the
early pioneers of that State. His father. Major Jona-
than Cass, joined the Patriot Army the day after the
skirmish at Lexington, and fought for the indepen-
dence of the Colonies at Bunker Hill, Trenfon,
Princeton, Germantown, Saratoga and Monmouth.

Lewis Cass received a classical education in Exe-
ter Academy, and after teaching school for some
time in Delaware, his father being then stationed
there under General Wayne, he set out, in his nine-
teenth year, for the Northwest Territory and crossed
the Alleghanies on foot. He studied law under
Return J. Meigs at Marietta, and was admitted to
the bar in 1802, His success was rapid, and in i8o6
he was in the Legislature of Ohio.

The following year he was appointed Marshal of
Ohio, and filled the office until the War of 1 8 1 2,
when he resigned his commission, and, at the head
of the Third Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, marched
to the frontier, and there is every reason to believe
that, if he had been in command instead of Gover-
nor Hull, Detroit and Michigan would not have
been surrendered. In the subsequent recapture
of the city he rendered efficient service, and at the

close of the campaign was appointed Governor of
the Territory, serving until 1831, a period the length
of which has rarely or never been equalled in the
governorship of any territory. Soon after his ap-
pointment as Governor he removed his family to
Detroit. One of the earliest acts passed under his
administration was the law of 1 8 1 5 which restored
the control of local affairs to the people of Detroit.

In the year 1820, w^ith the approval of the Secre-
tary of War, he organized a canoe expedition to
Lake Superior and the source of the Mississippi,
with the special object of establishing friendly rela-
tions with various Indian tribes. The expedition
w^as notably successful, and as on previous occasions
Governor Cass proved himself an adept in manag-
ing the wily and much-dreaded red men. During
his administration he negotiated no less than twen-
ty-one treaties wnth the Indians.

In 1831 he became Secretary of War under Pres-
ident Jackson, and served until 1836, when he was
appointed United States Minister to France. Dur-
ing his residence at the French court the English
Government sought to secure the adoption of a
treaty by the several European powers that would
have conceded the " right of search " as to Ameri-
can vessels. Mr. Cass was determined to defeat
the project and made a formal protest against the
ratification of the treaty by France, and wrote a
pamphlet on the " Right of Search," which was
generally read by European statesmen, and as a
result the treaty was defeated. While serving as
United States Minister, General Cass visited vari-
ous portions of Europe and also Palestine. He
returned to this country in 1842.

In 1845 he was elected to the United States Sen-
ate, but resigned in 1848 when nominated for the
Presidency, but the next year was re-elected as
Senator, serving until 1857, and then entering the
cabinet of President Buchanan as Secretary of
State. The cares and anxieties of the office during
the closing period of Buchanan's administration, and
General Cass's lack of sympathy with the methods
of the President, caused him to resign, and he re-
turned to Detroit quite feeble and broken in health.
The writer well remembers a brief interview with
him soon after his return. He seemed to be op-
pressed with the dangers that threatened the Gov-
ernment and with tears in his eyes said : " Sixty
years ago I crossed the Ohio river with all that I had
in the world tied in a handkerchief. Since then I
have witnessed the unparalleled growth of this great
nation and have been greatly honored by the peo-
ple, but now it almost seems as though they were
willing to destroy it or let it crumble into ruin."

Fortunately for all people his fears were not
realized. He grew somewhat stronger physically,
and, on April 25, i86i, addressed a public meeting

I058

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

in favor of the presentation of the Union and was
permitted to witness the close of the war. He died
on June 17, 1866.

For over sixty years he was a prominent figure in
the military and political life of the nation and
was almost uniformly successful in his undertakings.
He was a careful student, an elegant writer, and
thoroughly familiar with the literature of his day.

While residing at Detroit he was actively inter-
ested in various literary endeavors, wrote num-
erous articles for the North American Review
and delivered addresses on a variety of topics. He
was the author of a volume, entitled " France, its
King, Court, and Government," and the Detroit
Gazette, the first successful newspaper in Detroit,was
begun and continued under his special patronage.

Socially he was warm-hearted and of great ser-
vice to those privileged with his acquaintance.
He was an earnest believer in the Christian faith
and was one of the corporators of the First Prot-
estant Society of Detroit. His possession of the
Cass farm, the name of one of the public schools
and also the name of a leading avenue, perpetuate
his memory in Detroit, and the State has recently
provided for the placing of his statue in the capi-
tol at Washington.

S. DOW ELWOOD was born on Christmas-day,
1824, in Otsego County, N. Y., near the historic
Mohawk Valley, and is the son of Daniel and Hannah
(Bushnell) El wood. His paternal ancestors emi-
grated from Holland early in the seventeenth century;
and his mother's family were pioneers in New Eng-
land. While he was still an infant his father died, and
a few years later his mother remarried and moved to
Oneida Castle, N. Y., where she died in 1838. His
parents were in modest circumstances and after
their death he was left alone in the world. For-
tune, however, interposed in his behalf and he
found a home, with all that the most sacred and
tender significance of the word suggests, in the
family of a friend and neighbor, by the name of
Patten. Though many years have passed he does
not fail to cherish the memory of the noble souls
who gave him so abundantly of their love and care.
Mrs. Patten still lives, and it is one of his valued
privileges to contribute to the comforts and pleasures
of her declining years.

He attended school at Oneida Castle, and a few
years later, at the age of eighteen, in the same
building, he found himself the proud occupant of
the master's chair. That spot is one of the loveliest
in the most attractive section of the Empire State,
and as the scene of his childish struggles and the
arena where his ambitions first took form, it is revis-
ited as often as his busy life will permit, and always
with increasing" interest.

In 1844 he moved to Rochester, N. Y., where two
paternal uncles, John B. and Isaac R. Elwood, and
his two older brothers were living. He soon found
employment as clerk in a grocery house, and the
following year received an appointment as clerk in
the United States Post Office. He remained in
this position about a year and was then promoted
to the position of U. S. Railway Mail Agent, and
continued in this office without interruption until
March 7, 1849. A Whig administration then suc-
ceeded the Democratic under which his appoint-
ment was made, and he was removed. In Sep-
tember, 1849, he joined the Argonauts and sailed
to California in search of the "Golden Fleece."
Reaching California he engaged in trading in the
mines and also established an Express between San
Francisco and the southern mining region via
Stockton. The California episode covered a period
of one year, at the close of whicK he returned to
Rochester, and in February, 185 1, was married to
a daughter of the Hon. E. M. Parsons.

He soon after came to Detroit and engaged in
the book and stationery trade, continuing in it until
1866. He then sold out and visited the Canadian
oil region and, as a careful survey of the grounds
satisfied him that it possessed favorable business
prospects, he opened a banking office at Petrolia,
where he remained about four years, prospering
steadily.

In 1 87 1, having in the meantime resumed his resi-
dence in Detroit, Mr. Elwood interested several busi-
ness men in the establishment of the Wayne County
Savings' Bank. This institution has grown to large
proportions and is regarded as one of the strongest
financial institutions of Michigan's metropolis. Its
deposit account aggregates $4,000,000, and it has
been in every sense a notable success. It is due to
Mr. Elw^ood to say that he has been its principal
manager from its organization to the present, and
to it he devotes all of his business hours and most of
his thought.

Politically, Mr. Elwood is a Democrat. His
earliest remembered affiliations and convictions
were of the democratic order, and he has been
uninterruptedly loyal to that party. He is extreme-
ly averse to notoriety, and it is a matter of common
knowledge that he has, more than once, put aside
the offer of political preferment and declined many
a nomination that would have been equivalent to an
election— the sole exception in the way of office hold-
ing being a three years' term in the Board of Alder-
men— serving from 1863 to 1866— most of that time
in the President's chair. The sincerity of his politi-
cal preferences is so fully believed, and so resolutely
has he always defended them, that even those most
opposed to him in these matters are glad to be en-
rolled among his personal friends. His sagacity as

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1059

a politician and his devotion to his principles were
abundantly illustrated during his career as chair-
man for six years, of the Democratic State Cen-
tral Committee of Michigan.

When the Young Men's Society of Detroit was
in its best days, he was at its head as President.

As the possessor of abundant means, in a charac-
teristic and unobtrusive way, he has all his life
been a liberal giver, a bountiful friend. In his per-
sonality, he is affable and among his intimates, dis-
tinctly " sociable." He never forgets to be courte-
ous, kind and considerate, and not only enjoys the
companionship of his friends, but attaches them
strongly to himself.

For many years he has been an adherent of the
Unitarian Church and a regular attendant upon its
services. Mr. Elwood's family is composed of his
wife and one daughter, now nearing womanhood.

JACOB M. HOWARD was born in Shaftsbury,
Vt., July 10, 1805, and was educated at the Acad-
emies of Bennington and Brattleboro, and at Wil-
liams College, where he graduated in 1830. He
studied law and engaged in teaching for about two
years and in 1832 came to Detroit ; was admitted
to the bar in 1833, and was soon prominent among
the leading young men of the city. In 1834 he was
made City Attorney and in 1838 was a member of
the State Legislature ; from 1841 to 1843 he served
as Representative in Congress ; in 185 1 he appeared
for the people in the great trial known as the Rail-
road Conspiracy Case; in 1854 he was elected
Attorney-General of the State and was twice
re-elected, serving in all six years. In 1862 he was
elected as U. S. Senator from Michigan, in place of
K. S. Bingham, deceased, and in 1865 was elected
for the full term, serving until 1871.

While acting as Senator he served as chairman of
the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as one
of the Committee on Military Affairs, Judiciary
Private Land Claims, and Library, and also as one
of the Special Joint Committee on the Recon-
structed States.

He received from Williams College, in 1866. the
degree of LL. D., and was a delegate to the Phila-
delphia " Loyalists' Convention" of the same year.

In 1847 he published a translation of the " Secret
Memoirs of the Empress Josephine." He drew up
the platform of the first convention of the Republi-
can party in 1854, and is said to have given the
party its name. Whether this be so or not, there
can be no doubt that he was one of the ablest leaders
the party ever possessed, and. indeed, his equals
were few in number. During the war for the
Union he rendered the country great service by his
ability and patriotism, and all felt that when he
died a statesman had passed away.

He died on April 2, 1871. His .wife's maiden
name was Catherine A. Shaw. The children liv-
ing^ at the time of his death were Mrs. Mary E.
Hildreth, wife of Joseph S. Hildreth, Col. J. M.
Howard, of Litchfield, Minnesota; Hamilton G.
Howard, Charles M. and Jennie D. Howard, now
Mrs. Samuel Brady.

JAMES F. JOY, whose name for nearly fifty
years has been a household word in Detroit and for
nearly the same length of time also well known
throughout the country, is of New England an-
cestry, and was born in Durham, New Hamp-
shire, December 2d, 18 10. His father, James Joy,
was a man of much enterprise and intelligence, was
decided in his opinions and character, a Federalist
in politics, and a Calvinist in religion, whose influ-
ence for good w^as felt by all to whom he became
known. He had a large family, and the characters
and careers of his children were largely shaped by
his influence, teaching, and example. He was a
blacksmith by trade, but later in life became a
manufacturer of scythes. The maiden name of his
wiie was Sarah Pickering.

James F. Joy attended a common school until he
was sixteen and w^as then sent to an academy, and
in two years was well fitted for the college course
and able to enter Dartmouth College, He gradu-
ated there at the head of his class in 1833 and im-
mediately commenced the study of law in the Har-
vard Law School at Cambridge, with Judge Storey
and Professor Greenleaf as his instructors. After
remaining there a year he became principal of the
academy at Pittsfield, in his native state, and re-
mained there some months. He was then ap-
pointed tutor in the Latin language in Dartmouth
College, which position he retained for about a
year. He then resumed the study of law at Cam-
bridge ; was admitted to the bar in Boston, and
immediately went west, landing in Detroit in Sep-
tember, 1836. Here he entered the office of Augus-
tus S. Porter, where he remained till May, 1837,
when he opened an office for himself, and in the
fall of that year George F. Porter became associated
with him as a partner in business. They continued
in practice for about twenty-five years, and were
eminent in their profession. Their most important
early client was the old Bank of Michigan, and sub-
sequently "The Dwights," so-called, then well
known men of ability and wealth who were en-
gaged in banking in Massachusetts, Michigan, and
Ohio. About this time Gen. Jackson removed the
public money from the United States Bank, the
state banks became its depositories, and the Bank of
Michigan received about $1,200,000 of government
money. These public funds were deposited in local
banks all over the country, and as a result there

io6o

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

was vast speculation everywhere, and soon a panic
and almost universal bankruptcy. The Dwights
undertook to sustain the Bank of Michigan, they
loaned it about $400,000, and took its suspended
debt, secured by mortgages, on the property of its
debtors. All of these assets came into the office of
Joy & Porter for collection, and the litigation grow-
ing out of these collections was a source of much
profit and gave the firm a wide reputation as
lawyers.

In 1846 when it was proposed to sell the Michi-
gan Central Railroad to a corporation, Mr. Joy
was employed in the interest of the proposed com-
pany. He largely framed its charter and organized
the company which purchased the road of the State,
and undertook to build it through to Chicago. It
was the important litigation of that company in
Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois which drew Mr.
Joy away from his practice in Detroit. He was also
compelled to shape the legislation in Indiana and Illi-
nois, under which the road was finally extended to
Chicago. The history of the controversy, with re-
gard to the extension of the road to Chicago, is full
of interesting detail, and its importance was such
as to compel Mr. Joy to make railway law a special-
ty, and he soon became, and for a long time contin-
ued, perhaps the most noted lawyer in railway liti-
gation in the country.and for many years his prac-
tice was both extensive and profitable. From serv-
ing as their counsel he was drawn into their man-
agement, and by degrees became prominent in ex-
tending railway connections, and in their manage-
ment and construction. One of his principal clients
was the Illinois Central Railroad Company, and the
entrance of their road into Chicago was attended
with much difficulty and litigation. The most cele-
brated suit, however, which he was called upon to
manage was that of George C. Bates against the
Michigan Central and Illinois Central Railroad
Companies, involving the title to all the station
grounds of both companies in that city. The occa-
sion of the suit was as follows : In the early days
of Chicago, before the harbor was built by the
Government, the Chicago River, at its mouth, ran
south for more than a mile below where the harbor
now is. Outside of the river and between it and
the lake was a wide sand bar; this bar had been
platted into city lots and contained a good many
acres of land. The Government excavated a chan-
nel across it, and built its piers directly through it
into the lake. As the pier was extended the south-
ward current (produced by the winds on the west
side of the lake running south past the end of the
pier) caused an eddy on the south side which began
to wear away this sand bar, and in the course of six
or eight years it entirely disappeared.

When the Illinois and Michigan Central Com-

panies reached Chicago they located their station
grounds in the lake exactly where this sand bar had
been, deposited earth upon it, raised it and erected
freight and passenger houses upon the ground.
Mr. Bates bought up the titles to the lots and
property located on the sand bar, and brought a
suit to recover the grounds. A very interesting
and important question then arose as to who really
owned this land. Mr. Joy took the position that
when the water had gradually worn away the
land all private titles went with it, and that when
it all had disappeared under the water all private
ownership to it, however perfect, was lost, and that
the railway companies, having occupied the site
under the authority of the State, and filled it up,
were the legal owners. The litigation as to its
ownership was long and complicated. It was twice
tried by and finally settled by the United States Su-
preme Court, the position of Mr. Joy being sustained.
The value of the property involved was about
$2,000,000. It is a curious fact that the law rela-
tive to riparian rights is based upon a decision made
at Rome in the time of Augustus by Trebatius, a
learned praetor, to whom Hbrace addressed one of
his satires. The principles of the decision of Tre-
batius were adopted by the English courts, and its
authority prevailed in the Chicago case, which is
one of great celebrity.

Mr. Joy now became extensively identified with
the railway interests of the country, and was
largely engaged in extending their lines. He or-
ganized and for many years was at the head of the
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Com-
pany. Under his charge it was planned and con-
structed to Quincy and Omaha. The country
through which it passed was rich but largely un-
developed, but soon after the road was built, it was
rapidly settled, and the enterprise, all the time he
was connected with it, was the most successful
and profitable to its security holders of any simi-
lar enterprise in the country, and it has been
good property ever since. The railroad from Kan-
sas City to the Indian Territory is one among many
enterprises of the kind that he promoted. With
other inducements to build it was a tract of 800,-
000 acres, called the neutral lands, belonging to
the Cherokee Indians. These lands, by a treaty
between the Senate, the Indian Nation, and him-
self, Mr. Joy purchased. The road was to be built
across these lands, which were, to some extent,
occupied by lawless squatters, who undertook to
prevent the construction of the road unless Mr. Joy
would give them the lands they occupied. Their
demands led to violence, the engineers of the road
were driven off, and ties and timber designed for
the road were burned. It was only through the
aid of two cavalry companies of United States

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1061

troops, stationed there by the Government, that he
was enabled to complete the road. He also built
the first bridge across the Missouri River at Kan-
sas City, and the building of the bridge gave a
great impetus to the progress of that now large and
prosperous city. While he had been acting as
counsel for the Michigan Central Railroad Company,
he became connected with the project of building
the Sault St. Mary's Canal. The Government had
granted the State of Michigan 750,000 acres of land
to aid in the construction of the canal. The grant
was several years old and various attempts had
been made to induce parties to take the land and
build the canal. About 1857 Mr. Joy, in connection
with J. W. Brooks, then managing the Michigan
Central, concluded to undertake the work. The
requisite legislation was secured, and they organ-
ized a company to undertake the enterprise, and a
contract was made with the authorities of the State
to build the canal and take the land in payment.
The work was undertaken, and within two years
from the date of the contract the first ship canal be-
tween Lake Superior and the St. Mary's River was
open, and the advantages of the route thus opened
are not second to those afforded by the more cele-
brated, but not more useful, Suez Canal.

After having been several years connected with
roads farther west, Mr. Joy, about 1867, returned to
Michigan and became President of the Michigan
Central Railroad Company, which had many years
before employed him as its counsel. The great
civil war was over, and the country was beginning
to spring forward to new life. Not much progress
had been made in railroads in Michigan for ten
years. The Michigan Central was an iron instead
of a steel road. Its equipment was about the same
as it had been ten years before, but its business had
increased very largely, and it was necessary that it
be rebuilt with steel rail and newly equipped. It
was equally desirable to so shape and control the
railway construction of the State, that it should be
the least detrimental to, and most promote the
interests of the Michigan Central, which was by
far the most important road in the State. In ac-
cordance with his plans the Michigan Central was
rebuilt, largely double-tracked, and every depart-
ment renewed and enlarged and made adequate to
the demands of the times. This was done at great
cost, steel rails then costing in gold something more
than $130 per ton. During these years^ Mr. Joy
promoted the building, and finally obtained control,
of the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw road from Jack-
son to Saginaw and Mackinac, and also of the road
from Jackson to Grand Rapids. He also raised
the money for and built the Detroit & Bay City
Railroad, in order to secure the best connection
between Detroit and the northern part of the State

by connection with the road to Mackinac. All
these lines were secured for the Michigan Central,
thus continuing its prestige as the most important
road in Michigan. While they promote the inter-
est of the country through which they run, these
several roads have also largely contributed to build
up the city of Detroit. Meantime the parties who
had undertaken to build the Detroit, Lansing &
Northern road, failed in their effort. Mr. Joy then
took up the enterprise, raised the money, built the
road, and it has become an important element in
the prosperity both of the State and city. Several
other enterprises, valuable to the State and the west,
are also the result of his efforts and of his ability
to command capital. The last public enterprise
with which he has been connected is the effort to
secure a connection with the Wabash system of
railroads for Detroit, and provide adequate station
buildings and grounds in Detroit for its business.
In furtherance of the object he, with Messrs. C. H.
Buhl, Allan Shelden. James McMillan, R. A. Alger
and John S. Newberry, of Detroit, furnished most
of the money with which to build the road from
Detroit to Logansport, and Messrs. Joy, Buhl, Shel-
den, McMillan and Newberry built the Detroit
Union Depot and Station Grounds, and the rail-
road through the western part of the city connecting
with the Wabash road. These local facilities are
now partly leased to the Wabash Company, and
furnish adequate grounds, freight house and eleva-
tor for the accommodation of the business of Detroit
in connection with that railway. It rarely happens,
that a few men such as Mr. Joy and his associates
are able and willing to hazard so much in promot-
ing the interests of the city and State in which they
live.

Mr. Joy's life has been a very busy and useful
one and oi great advantage to the city and State
in which he lives, and to the city of Chicago and
the country west as well. Few men have had it in
their power for so many years, to guide and direct
the investment of so large an amount of capital.

Although Mr. Joy has led so active a life, and
been engaged in so many and important enterprises,
he has not neglected mental recreation and im-
provement, but has at all times kept up his early
acquaintance with the ancient classics and with
those of modern times as well. His large library
contains the choicest literature of both ancient and
modern times, including all the Latin and French
classics. His chief recreation in all his busy life
has been in his library, and his case is a rare in-
stance of a busy life closely connected with books,
not only in his own, but in foreign and dead lan-
guages. He has been often heard to say that he
would willingly give $1,000 for the lost books of
either Livy or Tacitus. He attributes much of the

io62

GOVERiNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

freshness of his mind, and even much of his heahh,
to his recreation in his library.

Notwithstanding he is nearing fourscore his
health is robust, and his faculties all seem as per-
fect as at any time in his life. His strength holds
good and he is, perhaps, as active and vigorous in
business as at any time in his career. He has had
the happy faculty of always putting business out of
his mind when the hour for business was past, and
has never carried his cares home with him. In his
long life he has met with many and large losses, but
it is believed that however great they may have
been there never was an evening when he would
not lose all thought of them in reading the pages of
some favorite author. He is a man of regular
habits, has never used tobacco in any form, and
has never been in the habit of drinking anything
stronger than coffee and tea. During most of his
life he has been in the habit of taking exercise for
an hour or two each day, and his favorite method is
walking.

He has never sought political honors, but when
it became evident that there was to be a great civil
war he was elected to the Legislature. He ac-
cepted the position and aided in preparing the
State for the part it was to take in that great con-
test. He was in old times a Whig, but in time be-
came a member of the Free Soil party, and after-
wards an earnest Republican.

Mr. Joy has been twice married. The name of
his first wife was Martha Alger Reed. She w'as the
daughter of Hon. John Reed, of Yarmouth, Massa-
chusetts, who was a member of Congress for sev-
eral years, and served also as Lieutenant-Governor
of that State. Tha maiden name of his second wife
was Mary Bourne, who was a resident of Hartford,
Connecticut. The children of Mr. Joy are as follows:
Sarah R., wife of Dr. Edward W. Jenks ; Martha
A., wife of Henry A. Newland ; James, Frederick,
Henry B., and Richard Pickering Joy.

HENRY BROCKHOLST LEDYARD, son of
Henry and Matilda (Cass) Ledyard, was born at
Paris, France, on February 20th, 1844, during the
residence of his father in that city as Secretary of
the United States Legation.

After the return of his father to Detroit, he at-
tended the- excellent and well known school of
Washington^ A. Bacon. From here he went to
Columbia College at Washington, where he spent
two years, and from there to the West Point Mili-
tary Academy. He was appointed as a Cadet at
Large by President Buchanan in 186 1. He entered
as a. cadet on July ist, 1 861, graduated on June
23d, 1865, ^^d on the same day, by two different
commissions, was appointed Second and then First
Lieutenant in the Nineteenth U. S. Infantry.

He was first sent to Fort Wayne near Detroit,
from thence to Augusta, Georgia, with recruits, and
then to Newport Barracks, Kentucky, where he
served during October and November, 1865. From
November 20th, 1865, to September 6th, 1866, he
was Quartermaster of his regiment, and from Sep-
tember 6th, 1866, to November 2d, 1866, he was
Quartermaster of the third battalion.

During this period he w^as at Newport from No-
vember, 1865, to March, 1866, on frontier duty at
Little Rock, Arkansas, in May and June, 1866, in
charge of rebel prisoners at Columbus, Ohio, from
June 15th to July loth, 1866, and then again at Lit-
tle Rock in July, August and September, acting
during a portion of the time as Chief Commissary
of the Department of the Arkansas.

From October, 1866, to February, 1867, he was
at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Meantime, on Sep-
tember 2 1 St, 1866, he was transferred to the Thirty-
seventh Infantry, and served as Quartermaster of the
regiment from November 2d, 1866, to February 25th,
1867. He was then transferred to the Fourth Artil-
lery and served on General Hancock's staff as acting
Chief Commissary of Subsistence of the Department
of the Missouri in the field in an expedition against
hostile Indians on the plains. In 1867 he was
ordered to West Point as Assistant Professor of
French, and in 1868 joined his battery at Fort Mc-
Henry, Maryland.

Three years later, in 1 870, when the army was
reorganized, seeing but little prospect of promotion,
and acting under the advice of Gen. Sherman, he
obtained leave of absence for six months and en-
tered the Engineering Department of the Northern
Pacific Railroad, then under construction. His pre-
ference being for a connection with the operating
of a railway rather than with its construction, he
applied for a position with James F. Joy, then the
foremost railway manager of the country, being
President of the Michigan Central, Chicago, Bur-
lington & Quincy, and several other important
western railroads. Mr. Joy, who had been for many
years a warm personal friend of his father's, offered
him a position as clerk in the office of the Division
Superintendent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad. He entered the service of that company
in July, 1870, and in November of the same year re-
signed iTis commission in the army, and was hon-
orably discharged from the service, in accordance
w^ith the Act of Congress. Two years afterwards
he was made Assistant Superintendent of the road,
and in 1873 became Division Superintendent of the
Eastern Division.

In October, 1874, Mr. Joy offered the position of
General Superintendent of the Michigan Central
to W. B. Strong, then Assistant General Superin-
tendent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail-

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1063

road (now President of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railroad). Mr. Strong accepted the
position, and persuaded Mr. Ledyard to accompany
him as Assistant General Superintendent, and in
the following spring he also assumed the duties of
Chief Engineer. In 1876 Mr. Strong resigned to
accept the General Superintendency of the Chi-
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and Mr. Led-
yard was appointed as his successor. The appoint-
ment came from Mr. Joy, and Mr. Ledyard ascribes
much of his success to the valuable aid and wise
counsel of this experienced financier.

In 1877, Mr. Ledyard was made General Mana-
ger of the Michigan Central Railroad, and in 1883
on the retirement of W. H. Vanderbilt from active
railway management, succeeded him as President
of the corporation, being probably the youngest
President in the country of so large a corporation.

His military and engineering education give him
special qualifications for the position he occupies,
and these with rare administrative ability, insure
method and accuracy in all that he attempts.
These qualities largely account for his rapid ad-
vancement to his present position. It would be
difficult to find in the United States his superior in
knowledge in all departments of his work, as he is
one of the few skilled railroad presidents in the
country. His memory is amazing with regard to the
history of railroad agreements, bonds, pools, and
other complexities, which during the last twenty
years have become such an intricacy that few minds
can disentangle or trace them ; his memory is
equally good in general intellectual and literary
matters.

It is his nature to be aggressive, and he keeps his
railroad in the front rank by instinctively doing in
advance what necessity would compel later on. His
labors are in the highest degree intelligent, and he
mastered all the details of the whole intricate and
comprehensive system of railway management. He
does not fear responsibility, but having confi-
dence in his own powers, he readily assumes addi-
tional responsibilities, his grasp becoming more
comprehensive and his abilities rising as occasion
demands. Although of a nervous temperament, he
is by no means a nervous man, but his feelings are
constantly on the alert. It is not his habit to con-
sult others on the bearing of facts and conditions.
His natural perception is remarkably quick and ac-
curate ; he grasps readily the ideas of others and
has a wonderful retentive memory concerning all
things brought to his attention, and is always
prompt and self-reliant, and there is apparently no
limit to his powers of endurance, and yet he is al-
ways eminently modest,, neglecting almost con-
stantly rights and honors belonging to him as the
president of a great and wealthy corporation.

He is especially careful of the interests of others,
gives patient consideration to all suggestions of pro-
posed improvements and almost by intuition selects
those of value. His prompt methods of doing busi-
ness, and the rapidity with which he arrives at a
decision, causes him to be sometimes misunder-
stood, but this, only for a moment, or by those who
have no real opportunity of knowing him. Those
who are brought into close relationship with him
always learn to appreciate his courtesy and the con-
sideration which he constantly bestows upon the
welfare of all the employes of the road, and they
know that he is as lenient as is possibly consistent
with wise and judicious management.

Socially, Mr. Ledyard is distinguished for sincer-
ity and a thorough devotion to his friends. He
has little love for the formal round of fashionable
living, prefers home to all other places, and at his
own fireside, or with a circle of familiar spirits, his
kindly sentiments, genial humor, and rare intellect-
ual gifts make him a delightful companion and a
universal favorite.

He was married on October 15th, 1867, to Mary
L'Hommedieu, of Cincinnati, daughter of Stephen
L'Hommedieu, the projector, and for twenty-five
years the President of the Cincinnati, Hamilton &
Dayton Railroad. Their children are Matilda Cass,
Henry, Augustus Canfield, and Hugh.

JAMES MCMILLAN was born May 12, 1838,
at Hamilton, Ontario, and is the son of William and
Grace McMillan of Scotland, who emigrated to
Canada and settled in Hamilton in 1836. William
McMillan was a man of exceptionally strong and
symmetrical character and of the highest integrity.
His business connections were wide and his identi-
fication with many important enterprises made his
name well known throughout Ontario. From th&
inception of the Great Western Railway Company
until his death in 1874, he was one of its officers.

James McMillan began his educational course in
the grammar school at Hamilton, a preparatory
institution of the Toronto College, presided over by
Dr. Tassie, an able and well known teacher. At
the age of fourteen, having acquired a thoroughly
practical education, he began his remarkably suc-
cessful career. Entering a hardware establishment,
he spent four years in learning the detail of the busi-
ness, and then removed to Detroit and obtained a
situation in the wholesale hardware store of Buhl &
Ducharme. At the end of two years' service he was
appointed to the position of purchasing agent of the
Detroit and Milwaukee Railway. While perform-
ing these duties he attracted the attention of an ex-
tensive railroad contractor and was employed by him
to secure men, purchase supplies, and care for the
finances in connection with the execution of a large

1064

GOVERNORS, SENATORS. BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

contract. At this time he was only twenty years
old, but proved abundantly able to fulfill the duties
required of him, and the experience gained during
this period was especially profitable as a prepara-
tion for his future career. When the contracts
upon which he was engaged were completed, he
again obtained the position of purchasing agent of
the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway.

In 1864 Mr. McMillan associated himself with
Messrs. Newberry, Dean and Eaton, in the forma-
tion of the Michigan Car Company, from which has
grown the immense industrial enterprises which
have made the names of Newberry & McMillan
famous in financial circles throughout the country.
Among the most important of their enterprises are
the Detroit Car Wheel Company, the Baugh Steam
Forge Company and the Detroit Iron Furnace
Company. Of all these immense concerns Mr.
McMillan is president and the principal owner.
The business of these establishments varies from
$3,500,000 to $5,000,000 annually, and the number
of employees averages over 2,500. Mr. McMillan's
car building enterprises have not been confined to
Detroit. He was long prominently connected and
heavily interested in car works at London, Ontario,
and St. Louis, Missouri, both of which enterprises
are indebted largely to his sagacity and administra-
tive ability for their success. He is also largely
interested in the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic
Railway, and has been its only president. In addi-
tion to this line he is actively engaged in the further-
ing of other railroad lines that are destined to be
of great service both to Northern Michigan and
Detroit. He is a large stockholder in the Detroit
and Cleveland Steam Navigation Company, in the
Detroit Transportation Company, and in other
freight and passenger lines, and is a director in the
First National Bank, and the Detroit Saving Bank,
besides being largely interested in other banks.
He is prominently connected with the Detroit City
Railway Company, with the D. M. Ferry & Co.
Seed Company, the Detroit Railroad Elevator, the
Union Depot Company, and with numerous other
large enterprises in Detroit and elsewhere. For
many years he has owned a large amount of cen-
trally located business property, and the business
blocks he has erected have added greatly to the
architectural beauty of the city. In fact his aggres-
sive energies have been felt in many directions and
wherever exerted have been rewarded with large
and merited success, and thousands of individuals
and the city at large have been profited by the re-
sults of his sagacity. He has not sought to keep
his gains to himself, but has always liberally and
judiciously expended a large share of them for the
promotion of the public good. *

Added to the strong sense and clear foresight

derived from his Scotch parentage, he obtained a
business training that step by step has prepared
him for every change and made him master of each
successive situation. An executive ability of com-
manding character, with wonderful power of concen-
tration upon any given subject, capacity for compli-
cated details, ability to keep in mind the whole
field of his immense interests without losing sight
of a single important link in their best and most
profitable relation, serve in a measure to explain the
results he has secured. He is quick and sure in
his judgment of character, trusting fearlessly when
he has once given his confidence, thus enlisting '
the loyal and sympathetic support of those who
labor with him. He is ready in decision, broad,
clear and liberal in his views and wise and just in
administration. Thoroughly quiet and unostenta-
tious in manner, he has a heartiness of greeting and
a genuine love of humor, that makes him an agree-
able friend. Despite the arduous work he has per-
formed, he has kept the physical man in the best of
conditions, and as a result his natural kindliness of
disposition remains unchanged, and he never shows
the fatigue or impatience that so often repel. At
all times approachable and agreeable, he is an ideal
business man. His charities are numerous, un-
ceasing and extensive. He is a member of the
Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian Church and is nota-
bly liberal, not only to that church, but to other
denominations, and indeed to religious and philan-
thropic movements of any kind. One of his most
recent benefactions is the gift of $100,000 for the
erection of a Free Homoeopathic Hospital in De-
troit. He is ever ready to lend a helping hand and
many young men have cause to remember his time-
ly assistance.

A Republican in politics, he has been actively
interested and influential in the success of his party,
giving freely of both money and time. For several
years he was Chairman of the Republican State
Committee, and his genius for thorough organiza-
tion was a valuable factor in securing party vic-
tories. He is regarded not only as a consistent and
very valuable party man, but as one of no slight
authority upon general political matters. He has
thus far refused the proffered nomination by party
friends to high and responsible official position, con-
tenting himself by aiding effectively in the election
of his friends, but it is none the less certain that
his abilities admirably qualify him for any position
in the gift of the State or Nation.

Although only in middle life, he has reaped a
princely fortune and is secure in the respect and
esteem of his fellow citizens.

He was married in i860 to Mary L. Wetmore of
Detroit. They have five children living, four sons
and one daughter. The eldest son graduated from

^y / / . r.:2 yy-^y . ' y//^-r^ /^/^^ . - ,

GOVERNORS. SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

IO6.S

D

Yale College and is interested in various enterprises
in connection with his father. The second son
graduated also from Yale and is now studying law.

HUGH McMillan is among the foremost of
the comparatively few young business men of De-
troit who have won distinction in the establishment
of large business enterprises. His business life has
exhibited tireless energy, unyielding perseverance,
a keen foresight of events and the intelligent use of
definite means to accomplish a well defined pur-
pose. He was born at Hamilton, Ontario, Septem-
ber 28, 1845, and is a son of William and Grace
McMillan, both natives of Scotland. His father
was born in Glasgow, where for several years he
was engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1836 he
emigrated to Canada, settling in Hamilton ; became
one of the first officers of the Great Western Rail-
way Company, and continued as such until his death
in 1874. He was a man of broad ideas, great moral
courage, perfect confidence in his own judgment,
well informed and possessed of a genial sunny dis-
position, good presence, and ready natural wit.
Through his extensive business transactions he be-
came well known throughout Ontario and was
everywhere highly esteemed.

Hugh McMillan, the fifth son in a family of six
sons and one daughter, began his educational
course in the public school and continued his stud-
ies until he graduated in Phillips' Academy, at Ham-
ilton. Early in life Mr. McMillan determined to
devote his energies to a business career and at the
age of fourteen obtained a clerkship in the Great
Western Railway, and after two years' experience
as bookkeeper was induced in 1861 to go to Detroit.
Here he became a clerk in the office of the General
Superintendent of the Detroit and Milwaukee Rail-
way, and remained in the employ of the road for
three years, and then thinking that a mercantile life
offered greater inducements than a railroad career,
he became a clerk in the hardware store of Du-
charme & Prentice. In 1872 he became associated
with his brother, James McMillan, accepting the
position of Secretary of the Michigan Car Company,
which was just beginning to assume large propor-
tions. Those essential qualities of executive ability,
good judgment and quick perception, so requisite in
the building up of extensive enterprises, were soon
manifested, and his indefatigable exertions contrib-
uted greatly to the success of the company. Some
years after he became connected with the company
he was made Vice-President and General Manager,
positions which he still retains. In the Detroit Car
Wheel Company and the Baugh Steam Forge Com-
pany, established about the same time, connected
with the Michigan Car Company and virtually under
the same management, he has been greatly influen-

tial. He is Vice-President and Manager of the
former and Vice-President and Treasurer of the last
named corporation In every stage of the rapid
growth of these establishments, the personal energy
and arduous labors of Mr. McMillan have been
manifest. A fair idea of the growth and present
condition of the three enterprises with which Mr.
McMillan is so inseparably connected can be gained
by the fact, that during the first year of his connec-
tion with the Michigan Car Company 2,000 cars
were built, while of late years the yearly product
has averaged over 7,000. The business of the
establishments named aggregates several millions of
dollars yearly, and thousands of employees are con-
stantly engaged.

In the construction of the Detroit, Mackinac &
Marquette Railroad, Mr. McMillan was a leading
spirit. This road is 150 miles in length, extends
through a large part of the upper peninsula of
Michigan, and opened up a tract of country prac-
tically a wilderness, and to-day flourishing vil-
lages exist and valuable land is being rapidly
devoted to profitable farming purposes, greatly aid-
ing the material wealth and prosperity of the State.
It was commenced in 1877 and finished within
two years, and from its inception Mr. McMillan
was a director, secretary and treasurer. During
1886 a syndicate of Chicago, Detroit and New York
capitalists formed the Duluth, South Shore & At-
lantic Railway Co., with a capital of $10,000,000,
for the purpose of purchasing the road and con-
structing some two hundred miles of additional
road in order to connect it with the western ter-
minus of the Northern Pacific line at Duluth and
eastern railroads at Sault Ste. Marie. As the finan-
cial agent of the syndicate, Mr. McMillan in Octo-
ber, 1886, completed the negotiations for the pur-
chase of the Detroit, Mackinac & Marquette Rail-
road of the bondholders for a sum exceeding
$3,000,000. This undertaking is opening for busi-
ness and settlement a large area of ne'Cv country
and cannot fail to be of great benefit to the State
of Michigan.

In the organization and development of the
Michigan Telephone Company in 1877, Mr. Mc-
Millan was actively engaged, and by his personal
exertions obtained, fortunately for those who lis-
tened to him, many subscriptions to its stock when
doubts were entertained of the success of the
undertaking. Of this corporation, which owns and
controls the entire telephone business of the State
of Michigan, he is secretary and treasurer.

The establishment and prosperity of the Com-
mercial National Bank of Detroit is also largely
owing to his business sagacity and financial direc-
tion, and he has been its President from the begin-
ning. When the establishment of this bank was

io66

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

determined upon, few were able to foresee the suc-
cess which has accompanied it during the seven
years of its life, a success accompanied by so large
a share of public confidence that it has been for
some time past recognized as one of the leading
institutions of Detroit. Mr. McMillan feels a
natucal pride in the establishment and develop-
ment of this bank, and it is not among the least of
his successes. He is also an active director and
large stockholder in the State Savings Bank of De-
troit, an institution which is recognized as one of
the most reliable and conservative in the country,
and is the depository for thousands of mechanics
and working people in the city of Detroit and
throughout the entire State of Michigan.

The various interests enumerated comprise but
a small part of the complicated and varied enter-
prises in which he is engaged. He is Vice-Presi-
dent and Treasurer of the Detroit Iron Furnace
Company and of the Newberry Furnace Company ;
Vice-President and General Manager of the De-
troit Pipe and Foundry Co., Vice-President of the
Detroit Iron Mining Co., and of the Fulton Iron
and Engine Works, and President of the Ham-
tramck Transportation Co., and Red Star Line of
steamers. Mr. McMillan is also officially, or as a
director, connected with and largely interested in
the following substantial and successful corporar
tions: The Detroit Railroad Elevator Company;
Detroit Electrical Works; Detroit & Cleveland
Steam Navigation Co.; Duluth & Atlantic Trans-
portation Co.; Mackinac Transportation Co.; and
the Detroit Transportation Co. The qualities which
have contributed to his success embrace not only the
highest order of executive ability, but quick appre-
hension, easy grasp of details, a retentive memory and
keen sagacity. The ability to thoroughly systema-
tize every department of large enterprises and to select
capable subordinates has had much to do with his
success. Naturally unostentatious, a lover of books
and society, his friends find him at all times an
affable and agreeable companion. He was Presi-
dent of the Detroit Club for three years. His home
on Jefferson avenue and country residence near
Lake St. Clair reflect a cultivated and artistic taste.
He is a member and officer in the Jefferson Avenue
Presbyterian Church, and takes an active interest
in its welfare. He was married May 2, 1867, to
Ellen Dyar. They have one daughter and three
sons.

JOHN STOUGHTEN NEWBERRY, for many
years one of the chief factors in the industrial
affairs of Detroit, was born at Waterville, Oneida
County, New York, November 18, 1826, and was
the .son of Elihu and ^oda (Phelps) Newberry,
both of English parentage and natives of Windsor,

Connecticut. His father was a descendant of
Thomas Newberry, who emigrated from England
in 1625, and settled in Dorchester, Massachusetts.
John S. Newberry, at the age of five, accompanied
his parents to Detroit, and a few years after to
Romeo, Michigan. His rudimentary education
begun at Detroit was continued at Romeo, where he
prepared for the Michigan University, and graduated
in 1845, taking the honors of his class. He early
developed a taste and aptitude for the practical sci-
ences, and following the natural bent of his mind
acquired a thorough knowledge of civil engineering
and surveying, and for two years was employed in the
construction department of the Michigan Central
Railroad, under Colonel J. M. Berrien. He subse-
quently spent a 3^ear in traveling, and then entered
the law office of Van Dyke & Emmons. He was
admitted to the bar in 1853, and at once com-
menced practice with that energy and ability which
distinguished him in all his undertakings. At that
time the commerce of the lakes was just beginning
to assume an importance in maritime affairs, and
appreciating the future possibilities of admiralty
business, he devoted his attention to that branch of
practice, and as the maritime interests increased in
importance, he acquired a large practice in the
United States Courts. He was one of the first to
contribute to the legal literature of the West an
authoritative compilation of admiralty cases arising
on the lakes and western rivers. This volume was
of great practical use, and still serves a valuable
purpose as a standard work of reference. At
different times Mr. Newberry was associated with
several prominent practitioners of the Detroit bar.
He was first a partner in the law firm of Towle,
Hunt & Newberry, later on he was associated with
Ashley Pond, under the firm name of Pond &
Newberry, and then as Pond, Newberry & Brown,
the latter member being Henry B. Brown, the
present judge of the United States Circuit Court at
Detroit. After Mr. Pond withdrew from the firm,
the style was changed to Newberry & Brown. It
was while a member of this firm that Mr. New-
berry's attention was turned to manufactures. In
1863 James McMillan, then purchasing agent of the
Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad, became associated
with him in a contract with the Government for the
building of a large number of cars for use in the
Southern States for the transportation of soldiers
and munitions of war. This venture proved a suc-
cess, and was the beginning of the several immense
industrial enterprises with which he became con-
nected.

In 1864, Mr. Newberry assisted in the establish-
ment of the Michigan Car Works, and at that
time withdrew from the practice of law, that his
time and energies might be fully devoted to this

^/^ . , ,

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1067

interest. In this great enterprise his business
ability was tested in many ways, and aided by his
strict surveillance the business grew rapidly, and
at the time of his death was the largest manufac-
turing establishment in Detroit. He was also
largely and influentially interested in the various
industrial undertakings operated in connection with
the Michigan Car Company, such as the Detroit
Car Wheel Company, the Baugh Steam Forge
Works, the Fulton Iron and Engine Works, the
Missouri Car Company of St. Louis, the Detroit
Mining Company, and the Vulcan Furnace Com-
pany, at Newberry, Michigan. He was also a direc-
tor and treasurer of the Detroit, Bay City & Alpena
Railroad, a director .in the Detroit, Mackinac &
Marquette Railroad Company, as well as in the De-
troit and Cleveland Navigation Company, the Ham-
tramck Navigation Company, the Detroit Transporta-
tion Company, and the Detroit National Bank, and
had a financial and advisory connection in numerous
other interests. As a business man he possessed
rare ability ; his judgment concerning the merits of
new and untried enterprises was seldom at fault ;
his intuitive power of foreseeing the possibilities of
every venture, gave him boldness in the execution
of plans which needed only time to vindicate their
wisdom. His self-control was perfect; he never
lost his balance, and no matter how harassed or
perplexed he might be, he held himself beyond any
exhibition of temper or impatience. He had that
magnetic power over men which commands esteem,
and is only possessed by men of great character
and force. His name was the synonym of business
strength and integrity. So well managed were all
his business ventures, involving millions of invested
capital, that at his death they were in a condition to
be continued without change.

In political affairs he was at first a Whig, but
from 1856 was a member of the Republican party.
In 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln the
first Provost Marshal for the State of Michigan,
with the rank of Captain of Cavalry. This position
he held for two years, and during that time he had
charge of two drafts, and enrolled and sent to the
field the drafted men and substitutes. During his
busy life he had little time had he possessed the
ambition for political position. He sought political
preferment but once, when he was elected to Con-
gress from the First District, and served with credit
for a single term, his most notable effort being an
able speech on the national finances. At the end
of his term of service he declined a renomination,
and from that time until failing health compelled
him to desist, his time, energies and ability were
given entirely to the management of his various
business interests.

About two years before his death, Mr. Newberry

was attacked by a complication of ailments, which
baffled medical skill. After traveling extensively
to vaix as health resorts, in hope of receiving
relief, he returned home, where the last few months
of his life were passed, surrounded by his family
and friends. He died on January 2, 1887. The
death of one who had been so thoroughly identified
with the greatest industrial enterprises of his city
and State, called forth widespread expressions of
genuine sorrow ; and this was especially true
in Detroit. For many years his life had been
closely interwoven with the city's growth and pros-
perity, while his active mind, tireless energies, and
rapidly accumulating wealth gave him a prominent
place among the citizens of Michigan, and his hon-
est and high-minded business methods inspired
unlimited confidence and trust. At the age of
fourteen he united with the First Congregational
Church of Romeo, but during the entire period of
his residence in Detroit he was a member of the
Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian Church, to which
denomination he was a most liberal contributor, and
for many years a worker in benevolent enterprises.

He accumulated one of the largest estates in
Michigan, and his wealth was invested in channels
which gave prosperity and comfort to thousands of
his fellows. He was generous in support of every
public enterprise, and one of the last acts of his life
was to join with James McMillan in the establish-
ment of a Homoeopathic Hospital in Detroit, to the
endowment of which he contributed $100,000. By
his will more than half a million was bequeathed to
various charitable objects. Of his personal charac-
teristics much indeed might be said. He was a
man of fine attainments, and by study and extensive
travel had acquired a wide and varied education. In
social life he was generally regarded as austere and
unapproachable, but those who enjoyed his friend-
ship knew that he possessed a kindly disposition,
and his family life was pleasing in its love and de-
votion. He lived a pure and noble life ? was brave,
generous, and true to his convictions of duty, and
the work he accomplished for the good of his city
and State gives him a worthy place among the most
distinguished citizens of Michigan.

He was twice married, first in 1855 to Harriet
Newell Robinson, of Buffalo, who died within a
year, leaving one son, Harry R. Newberry. In 1859
he married Helen P., daughter of Truman P. Handy,
of Cleveland, by whom he had three children, Tru-
man H., John S. and Helen H. Newberry.

JOHN OWEN was born near Toronto, Canada
West, March 20, 1809, His father died when Mr.
Owen was quite young, and in the year 1818, with
his mother, he came to Detroit. Soon after coming
here he began to attend school in the old University

io68

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

building on Bates street, paying for his tuition by
services rendered the preceptor.

When twelve years old he became an errand boy
in the drug store of Dr. Chapin, remaining with him
several years, and making himself so useful that
v^hen only twenty years old he was taken in as a
partner, his energy and faithfulness being placed
against the capital of his former employer. Sub-
sequently the firm became J. Owen & Co. In 1853
he retired from trade, and the present firm of T. H.
Hinchman & Son is the successor of the old firms of
Chapin & Owen and J. Owen & Co.

After he retired from mercantile life, Mr. Owen
gave 'his attention largely to vessel and banking
interests. He was one of the earliest and largest
stockholders in the Detroit and Cleveland Steam
Navigation Company, and for many years president
of the corporation. He is also largely interested in
the Detroit Dry Dock Company. He v^^as presi-
dent of the Michigan Insurance Co. Bank, and of
its successor, the National Insurance Bank, and in
1857, vi^hile serving as president of the first named
institution, it was the unbounded personal confidence
that the people had in him that enabled the bank
to go safely through those perilous times, and his
integrity and good name was the wall that pre-
vented the financial breakers from overwhelming
not only the bank but scores of individuals as well.
It was also fortunate that he was at the head of
the State treasury from 1861 to 1867, for in the first
years of the war, without his personal credit and
well known honesty, it would have been almost
impossible for the State to have met the demands
then made upon it in paying for the equipment of
the troops.

Aside from the office of State Treasurer, the only
public offices he has held were those of Alderman at
Large in 1836, and of the First Ward in 1844 and
1845. He also served as one of the School Direc-
tors in 1 839 and 1 840, as Commissioner of Grades
from 1859 to 1870, and as one of the Board -of
Water Commissioners from 1865 to 1879. From
1 841 to 1848 he was one of the Board of Regents of
Michigan University. During his earlier years he was
a member of the Volunteer Fire Department, serv-
ing as foreman of Company No. i in 1837, and as
president of the Department Society from 1841 to
1 843. He has also been actively interested in various
philanthropic and patriotic societies, serving as
treasurer of a State Temperance Society in 1837, as
president of the Michigan Soldiers' Relief Society
in 1864, and as trustee and treasurer of the cor-
poration of Elm wood Cemetery from its organiza-
tion, for over forty years.

His connection with the Central Methodist Epis-
copal Church as trustee and treasurer covers even
a longer period, and he diu more than any other

person during a period of nearly fifty years to pro-
tect and preserve its credit, by the prompt payment
of all bills, without regard to the possession of
church funds at the time. During all this time he
was recognized as the foremost member in the
State of the church of his choice, and contributed
very largely to its building up, not only in Detroit,
bCit in the State at large. He is one of the prin-
cipal trustees of Albion College, and has given
largely to that institution.

His benefactions have not been confined within
denominational lines, but whenever time and influ-
ence and means could help solve social problems,
he has been ready to help. His long residence in
the city, his upright life and careful judgment, and
the many services he has rendered the public, have
made his name a synonym for character and worth,
and he occupies a position that comparatively few
attain.

DAVID PRESTON was born September 20.
1826, in Harmony, Chautauqua County, N. Y., and
was the son of Rev. David Preston, for thirty years
a member of the Erie Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. He was educated in that vicin-
ity and his earliest occupation was that of a teacher,
in which he continued four years.

In 1848 he came to Detroit and -found employ-
ment in the banking office of G. F. Lewis. He
remained with him four years, his total salary for
that time being $950. Out of this amount he saved
a few hundred dollars, and in May, 1852, began
business as a banker and broker. From the very
outset he was successful, and from time to time
was compelled to change his location in order to
obtain room to meet the demands of his growing
business. His longest tarry and most successful
years were while located on the southeast corner of
Woodward avenue and Earned street, and while
there located, in connection with S. A. Kean, he
established a banking office in Chicago. During
his stay in the location named, John L. Harper was
a partner with him, the partnership being dissolved
in 1 88 1. The Chicago bank was organized as a
National bank in 1 884, and the Detroit bank as the
Preston Bank in 1885, and after his death reorgan-
ized as the Preston National Bank.

During his entire career as a banker Mr. Preston
possessed the almost unlimited confidence of the
public, and even those who differed from him in
judgment were compelled to respect his evident sin-
cerity and honesty of purpose. In addition to his
banking business he was a very large dealer in pine
lands as well as in city real estate.

The only municipal office he ever held was that
of Alderman of the fifth Ward of Detroit in 1872
and 1873. He voted and worked with the Repub-

cmm€<j

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, RANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1069

iican party until a few years prior to his death when
he gave his time, and money, and influence, to the
full, to the cause of Prohibition, and this not as an
office-seeker, but because he believed that through
that party the liquor traffic could be destroyed.
His labors were ardent, unceasing, and laborious,
especially in trying to promote the adoption of a
constitutional amendment to prohibit the sale of
liquors, and there is little doubt but that those labors
were the immediate cause of his death. His health
had been poor for several years and he had made
two trips to Europe to secure needed rest. Both
journeys resulted in good, but he was not strong
enough to endure the fatigue of the duties which his
prominence in the church and in the cause of prohibi-
tion imposed upon him,' and he might have said truth-
fully, " the zeal of thine house hath eaten me up."

It is safe to say that up to the time of his death
no other person in Detroit was as widely known,
for general and generous benevolence. He gave
liberally, he gave unostentatiously, he gave system-
atically, he gave constantly, and it may be doubted
whether he ever refused any legitimate call for aid.
The local charities, patriotic memorials, and bene-
volences of every kind were all gladly aided. In
his own denomination he stood at the head of all
the givers in the State. Through his own efforts,
in 1873, he raised $60,000 for Albion College, and
in the raising of funds for the building of the
various Methodist Episcopal churches of Detroit he
was particularly useful. His manner of presiding
and his methods at any meeting where money was
to be raised were peculiarly his own. His appeals
were unique and sometimes wonderfully thrilling
and persuasive, and he not only induced others to
give, but always gave himself. Although a zealous
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he was
large hearted in his feelings towards those of other
creeds and often helped in their plans.

In 1869 ^I'^d 1870 he served as president of the
Y. M. C. A., and was always interested in its work.
Personally he was simple hearted and approachable,
with a warm and kindly nature. He was -often
humorous in his remarks and yet apparently al-
ways devotional and considerate. His place was
rarely vacant, either in the public services or in the
prayer meeting. He held for many years the
offices of trustee and class leader in the Central
Methodist Episcopal Church, and his departure was
regarded as a personal loss by the entire member-
ship. He died on Sunday, April 24, 1887.

He was married to Jane B. Hawk, of Conneaut,
Ohio, on May 5, 1852. They had a large family of
children of whom seven are now living. Their
names are : William D., Frank B., and Ellery D.,
Mrs. F. W. Hayes and Misses Minnie, Mabel and
Bessie Preston.

THOMAS WITHERELL PALMER was born
in Detroit, January 25th, 1830. and is the only sur-
viving child of the nine children of Thomas and
Mary A. (Witherell) Palmer. Part of his boyhood
was spent in the village of Palmer, now the city of
St. Clair, where he attended a school taught by Rev.
O. C. Thompson. He subsequently entered the
University of Michigan, but owing to ill health did
not fully complete his course and received no degree
until he had proved his fitness for it by travel and
experience in the broader university of the world.

On leaving Ann Arbor he visited Europe, traveled
through Spain on foot, and subsequently spent sev-
eral months in South America. Returning to De-
troit in 1853, he engaged in buying and selling pine
lands, and soon became a partner wnth the late
Charles Merrill, a large operator in pine lands and
lumber. Mr. Merrill, Mr. J. A Whittier and Mr.
Palmer w-ere engaged for years in the manufacture
of lumber at East Saginaw, and on Mr. Merrill's
death the business was continued under the old firm
name of C. Merrill & Co., Mrs. Palmer inheriting
her father's interest. Mr. J. B. Whittier has since
been added to the firm.

In addition to other business interests, Mr. Palmer
is a director in the American Exchange National
Bank, the Wayne County Savings Bank, and the
Security and Safe Deposit Company, and the Gale
Sulky Harrow Company, and is interested in the
Detroit Steam Navigation Company, the Michigan
Lake Navigation Company, the Frontier Iron Works,
the Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Company, the
Iron Silver Mining Company of Leadville, Colorado,
and other important and profitable enterprises.

He is fortunate in being able to have no less than
three residences. One of them, an elegant house
with extensive grounds is in Detroit, another a log
house, that cost many thousand dollars, is located a
few miles out of the city in Greenfield, on his farm of
about ^ mile square, a third, a palatial establish-
ment, is located in Washington. His log house, and
the 657 acre farm upon which it is located, are his
especial pride. Here he has scores of valuable Per-
cheron horses, and Jersey cows, and all the appur-
tenances of a large stock farm, which is kept up in
the most admirable manner.

Mr. Palmer's natural disposition did not lead him
into public life, but he has been gradually pushed
into it, and once in the arena he has been kept there.
His first political office was as one of the first Board
of Estimates elected from the city at large in 1873.
In 1878 he was elected to the State Senate from the
city of Detroit, and while there he introduced, and
pushed to its passage, the bill creating the reform
school for girls, and aided by Representative E. W.
Cottrell, he secured the passage of the bill provid-
ing for a bouleva d about the city of Detroit. He

1070

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

also served as chairman of the caucus which nomi-
nated Z. Chandler to the United States Senate. In
1883 he was elected by the Legislature as the suc-
cessor of Thomas W. Ferry in the United States
Senate. In this body he ranks easily with its best
speakers and most influential members.

One would think that with means to gratify every
wish, and with strong literary tastes, he would be
unwilling to serve in any position involving so much
self-denial and labor. He, however, seems to enjoy
what to many would be martyrdom, and being inde-
pendent in all his thoughts and actions, he is able
to serve his native commonwealth as well as any of
its previous Senators could have served it in the
same period.

A thorough philosopher, he accepts the inevitable
gracefully, and somehow or other reaches the goal.
Some would say of him he is "lucky," but his luck
is of the kind that is born of sound judgment and
a general mastery of the situation.

His addresses give evidence not only of wide
reading but of extensive travel, thoughtful observa-
tion and a clear conception. His thoughts and words
are neither plain nor monotonous, but full of bright-
ness, beauty, and vigor, and abundant in sentiment
and sagacity. His language is always clear, choice,
forcible, elegant, and especially noticeable for per-
fect classical allusions and abundant historical
references. His illustrations and figures are his
own, and always appropriate, effective, and pleasing.
He is by turns humorous, grave, and pathetic, and
his addresses withal are packed with facts, and if
need be, with statistics, in support of his positions.

His principal addresses, and the occasion of their
delivery, have been as follows : Oration on Decora-
tion Day, May 30, 1879, at Detroit; speech on Uni-
versal Suffrage in the Senate, February 6. 1885;
response at reunion of the Army of the Cumber-
land, at Grand Rapids, on "The Soldier as a
Schoolmaster," September 17, 1885; speech on
" Governmental Regulation of Railroads," in Sen-
ate, April 14, 1886; speech on "Dairy Protection,"
in Senate, July 17, 1886; eulogies on "John A.
Logan, of Illinois, and A. F. Pike, of New Hamp-
shire," in Senate, February 9 and 16, 1887 ; address
on " Relation of Educated Men to the State,"
delivered at the semi-centennial celebration of the
University of Michigan, June 29, 1887; "The Sol-
dier Dead," a response made at the banquet of the
Army of the Tennessee, at Detroit, September 1 5,
1887 ; speech in support of his bill for the restric-
tion of immigration, January 24, 1888; address at
Arlington Cemetery, Virginia, May 30, 1888, on
*'The Nation's Dead and the Nation's Debt." He
was the first to suggest the erection of a soldiers'
monument in Detroit, and was the first secretary
of the organization that secured the erection of that

memorial. Mr. Palmer has also for many years
served as president of the Society for the Preven-
tion of Cruelty to Animals.

In his social life he is an excellent conversation-
alist and entertains generously. He is broadly
philanthropic, earnestly patriotic, and thoroughly
democratic in all his thoughts and doings. In reli-
gious views he is a cosmopolite, believes in all the
virtues, and practices most of them, and perhaps
all. An ardent admirer of his mother, he com-
memorated her memory in a church largely erected
at his expense. He makes friends, not through his
wealth, but because his wealth does not prevent him
from acting the part of a whole-souled, manly man.
He is so universally esteemed, that nothing but
strict party discipline would prevent those of oppo-
site political faith from praising and endorsing him.

He was married on October 16, 1855, to Miss
Lizzie P. Merrill, who makes and retains friends
universally, and although they have no children,
they contrive, by gathering in young and old, to
keep the spirit of youth in their home.

FRANCIS PALMS, for many years the largest
land owner, and one of the most prominent factors
in the commercial affairs of Michigan, was born at
Antwerp, Belgium, in i^io. His father, Ange
Palms, was a commissary in the French army, while
the first Napoleon was in the zenith of his power.
Mr. Palms followed the fortunes of his great com-
mander until the disastrous battle of Waterloo put
an end to the Emperor's career. He then returned
to Antwerp, and engaged in manufacturing and
conducted an extensive business. In 1831 the en-
tire establishment was destroyed by fire, and he
gathered the remnant of his fortune and with a
family of four sons and two daughters came to
America, settling in Detroit in the summer of 1833.
The father remained here a few years, and then
with all his family, except Francis and his daugh-
ter, the late Mrs. Daniel J. Campau, he removed to
New Orleans. Establishing himself in a manu-
facturing business, he remained there until his
death, in 1876, at an advanced age. Of his children
the only one now living is Ange, who resides in
Texas.

Francis Palms received a liberal education in the
public schools of Antwerp, and when a young man
of twenty-three began his business career in Detroit
as a clerk for a Mr. Goodwin, but soon after com-
menced the manufacture of linseed oil at the corner
of Gratiot Avenue and St. Antoine Street, Dis-
continuing this enterprise in 1837, he entered the
employ of Franklin Moore & Co., wholesale gro-
cers, and remained in their service until 1842, when
he became a partner in the reorganized firm of
Moore, Foote & Co., remaining four years, and

tz^'

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

IO71

during this period acting as financial manager of
the house. His connection with this firm proved a
profitable one, and upon his retirement, with the
capital he had accumulated, he began buying and
selling land. Perhaps the largest of his early land
transactions was the purchase of 40,000 acres of
government land in Macomb and St. Clair counties,
a venture made when the State of Michigan was
still suffering from the panic of 1836-7. In the tide
of prosperity ten years later his lands were readily
sold, and it is said he realized from this trans-
action alone between $300,000 and $400,000. The
success of this venture was the stepping-stone to
great wealth. It revealed to him the vast possi-
bilities lying in the pine forests, which then cov-
ered nearly three-quarters of the State of Michi-
gan. He immediately invested all his means in
pine lands, obtaining the title to immense tracts in
the States of Michigan and Wisconsin, and became
not only the largest land owner in the northwest, but
possibly the largest individual land owner in the
United States. At one time he owned a large tract
of timber land in Wisconsin, on a river which another
company unlawfully assumed to control and ob-
structed, rendering navigation impossible. Mr.
Palms ordered his foreman to get force enough to cut
away the obstructions. The foreman repUed that
the opposing company had 250 men. Mr. Palms
then said, "get 1,000 men if necessary, but the river
must be opened." The contest cost him $250,000; but
the river being opened his lands increased in value
$800,000. In many cases he sold only the timber,
and retained the fee interest, especially when there
was any evidence of mineral deposit. His foresight
in this was evinced by the subsequent discovery of
many valuable mines in lands thus retained. All of
his vast property was under his personal care and
supervision. Aided by careful and thorough meth-
ods, and a wonderful memory, with little assistance
he was able to thoroughly grasp and manage every
detail. A few years ago, finding his business very
much extended and involving an immense amount
of attention, he began contracting his land business
and investing in Detroit city property. He built
the block on Jefferson Avenue now occupied by the
Heavenrich Brothers, and also the large block occu-
pied by Edson, Moore & Co., on the corner of
Jefferson Avenue and Bates Street ; the block oppo-
site the Michigan Exchange ; two large blocks on
Gratiot Avenue, and numerous smaller business
buildings in various parts of the city. -He was also
largely interested in manufacturing enterprises and
touched the business life of Detroit at many points,
and wherever his energies were directed he was
a helpful factor. For many years he was the presi-
dent and largest stockholder in the People's Sav-
ings Bank, and in the Michigan Stove Company ;

president of the Michigan Fire and Marine Insur-
ance Company, and interested in the Galvin Brass
and Iron Company, the Union Iron Company, the
Vulcan Furnace and the Peninsular Land Company.
His largest railroad investment was in the Detroit,
Mackinac & Marquette road, of which he was vice-
president and director. He also had large interests
in other railways in the Upper Peninsula.

In 1875 Mr. Palms was prostrated by a paralytic
stroke, and from that time his physical force gradu-
ally declined. His mind, however, remained vigor-
ous, and to the very end he participated in numerous
business projects. For several weeks preceding his
death he suffered from disease of the heart, but
attended to his usual business, and only two days
before his death walked from his residence to the
People's Savings Bank, to attend a meeting of the
directors. He died on Wednesday, November 4,
1886. Long one of the most prominent characters
of Michigan, his death called forth wide comment.
The officers and stockholders of the People's Sav-
ings Bank, with whom he had been long and inti-
mately associated, adopted the following tribute to
his memory:

Resolved^ That we learn with deep sorrow and regret of the
death of our late president and associate, Francis Palms. He
was a man of high honor, strict integrity of character, and
" honest in all things," diligent in the fulfillment of every duty,
and punctual In the discharge of every obligation. Character-
ized by gentleness and amiability of manner, and of a modest and
retiring disposition, he was incapable of inflicting injury on any
man, yet in defense of justice and fair dealing he exhibited cool
and stern determination, unflinching courage, and remarkable
strength of character. Clear-headed and prompt in arriving at
conclusions, patient, persevering and resolute in purpose, he was
a man of indomitable will, of great intellectual force, of broad
and comprehensive mind, and of unusual foresight.

Physically Mr. Palms was of slight figure and
rather below the medium height. The expression
of his face indicated a man of great character and
force. He was polite, affable, and approachable,
never haughty or arrogant, and self-conceit or false
pride was foreign to his nature. Every person
intent upon, business, no matter how trifling the
matter to be presented, was invariably treated with
attention. Among his friends he was social, and
being a man of classical education and an accom-
plished linguist, he was a delightful companion with
those who shared his full confidence. In religious
faith he was a Catholic, and a regular attendant
at the church of SS. Peter and Paul. He was
married in 1836 to Miss Martha Burnett, a lady of
refinement and culture. They had one son, Francis
F. Palms ; shortly after his birth Mrs. Palms died,
and three years later Mr. Palms married the daugh-
ter of the late Joseph Campau, by whom he had
one daughter, Clothilde Palms. Soon after his
father's second marriage, his son became an inmate
of his grandfather's family at New Orleans, and on

1072

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

the outbreak of the war of the rebellion he entered
the Confederate Army, and remained in the field
until the war ended in 1865. For several years
prior to his father's death he was closely associated
with him in the management of his various enter-
prises, and inherits his father's genial and careful
nature. The Palms estate, aggregating in value
several millions of dollars, was equally divided
between Francis F. Palms and his sister, Clothilde
Palms.

MARTIN S. SMITH was born at Lima, Liv-
ingston County, New York, November, 12, 1834.
His parents, Ira D. and Sarah Smith, were natives
of Columbia County, New York. When M. S. Smith
was but a small child his parents removed to Gene-
sec, Livingston County, New York, and when he was
ten years old, he accompanied them to Michigan, ,
where they located near Pontiac. His early education
was received in the district school. When fourteen
years old he commenced work in a clothing store
at Pontiac and was afterwards employed in the
office of the Pontiac Gazette, then owned by Wil-
liam M. Thompson. At end of two years he left
the Gazette to accept a position in the dry goods
store of J. C. Goodsell, where he remained about a
year.

In 1 85 1 he came to Detroit, and after one year's
service in the dry goods house of Holmes & Co., he
became a clerk in a jewelry store, and after nearly
eight years' experience in this line of trade, during
which he became proficient in every department of
the business, he purchased with limited capital the
stock and business of his employers and began
business for himself. As the result of his diligence
and thoughtfulness his success was rapid and unin-
terrupted, and for many years the house of M. S.
Smith & Co., of which he was long the recognized
head, has held the first place among the jewelry
firms of Michigan. From the small trade of 1859
the business has increased to about half a million
dollars yearly. Their first store was located at
No. 51 Woodward Avenue. In 1863 it was moved
to the northwest corner of Woodward and Jeffer-
son Avenues, remaining there until 1 883, when the
fine building on the corner of Woodward Avenue
and State Street was completed and occupied. In
1879 the firm was incorporated under the name of
M. S. Smith & Co., and at that time Mr. Smith
retired from its personal management and has since
devoted his time to other important business inter-
ests.

His substantial and well earned success in the
jewelry trade gives but a limited idea of the versa-
tility of his business capacity. For many years his
active energies have been directed to other chan-
nels, where his success has been even more marked.

In 1874 he became a member of the lumber firm
of Algef, Smith & Co., which owns extensive tracts
of land in Alcona, Alger, Chippewa and Schoolcraft
Counties, in the Upper Peninsula, as well as in Can-
ada, on the north shore of Lake Huron, and deal
very extensively in long timber. Mr. Smith is also
one of the directors and treasurer of the Manistique
Lumber Company, which was organized in 1882 with
a capital of $3,000,000 and owns 80,000 acres of tim-
ber land. He is president of the American Eagle
Tobacco Company, president and treasurer of the
Detroit and St. Clair Plank Road Company, vice-
president of the Detroit, Bay City & Alpena Rail-
way Company, vice-president of the American Ex-
change National Bank, and also vice-president of
the State Savings Bank, and a director in the Mich-
igan Mutual Life Insurance Company, and in the
Woodmere Cemetery Association. In all these
various enterprises the force of his personal efforts
and wise counsel have been helpful factors and have
largely conduced to their success.

Indomitable will and energy, unflagging indus-
try and clear perception, have placed him among the
foremost of the business men of Michigan. In the
conduct of his business he has been always progres-
sive, almost to radicalism, and has gained the first
and largest profit from the adoption of new lines of
policy, in \vhich others followed after their safety
had been proven by his success. He possesses the
business courage which comes from faith in his own
abilities and judgment. A self-made man in the
best sense, he is unassuming in demeanor, but firm
and persevering in a course he decides to be right.
Thorough and earnest in every undertaking, all his
affairs are conducted with systematic exactness.
There has been nothing sensational or speculative
in his career, and he has used his large fortune in
ways that have contributed much to the material
advancement of Detroit, and is enthusiastic in every
undertaking by which the best interests of the city
can be advanced. A natural lover of art and a dis-
criminating critic, his daily occupation for many
years compelled an attention to its details which
would have educated a less sensitive eye and he
has naturally given generous encouragement to the
art movement in Detroit, aiding in securing the
erection of a permanent museum.

Personally he is an agreeable, courteous gentle-
man, and easily makes warm friends. Generous
and warm hearted, and possessing a kindly and
sympathetic spirit, he has been a liberal contributor
to all worthy and benevolent enterprises. He is a
regular attendant at the Fort Street Presbyterian
Church, but is in no sense denominational in his
sympathies and gifts. In sterling good sense,
genuine public spirit, thorough integrity and a pri-
vate life above reproach, he is one of the very best

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1073

representatives of Detroit's most honored citizens.
He is prominently identified with the masonic fra-
ternity and has filled the office of Grand Treasurer
of the Grand Commandery of Michigan. His politi-
cal affiliations have been with the Republican
party, but he has manifested no ambition for politi-
cal honors and has never held an elective office.
In 1872 he was appointed Police Commissioner to
succeed the late Governor John J. Bagley, and has
held the position ever since.

He was married in 1862 to Mary E. Judson of
Detroit.

WILLIAM H. STEVENS is the grandson of
Phineas Stevens and the son of Phineas Stevens, Jr.,
and was born September 13, 1820. Phineas Stevens
served as a soldier in the Revolutionary War,
and after the war settled in the city of Geneva,
New York, and there became the proprietor of a
large landed estate, upon which he raised his fam-
ily. In the war of 1812 he and four of his sons
enlisted, served during the war,and were honorably
discharged in 1816.

One of the sons, Phineas Stevens, Jr., married
Rhoda Glover ; entered into the lumbering business
on the Chemung, Canisteo, Conhocton, and Tioga
rivers and their tributaries, and from year to year
increased his business until he became one of the
largest lumber and timber dealers in western New
York. His first son Alexander C. Stevens, was born
in 1818, and was also engaged in the lumber trade,
and about the year 1827, when he had a very
large stock of lumber, timber and shingles, a finan-
cial panic swept over the country, and his stock,
which he had rafted to tide-water, would not bring
what it cost at the point where it w^as manufactured,
and within two or three years the falling off in the
price of his goods, caused him to lose all that he had
made and left him in debt, and under the iniquitous
laws of that period, as he could not pay, he was
sent to jail, and his family left in such straitened
circumstances that his wife was obliged to engage
in various sorts of employment in order to support
the family.

His son, William H. Stevens, at the age of eleven
engaged with a farmer and worked for his board
for two years. When thirteen years old he com-
menced to learn locomotive engineering; served
four years in the shop and on the road and was
soon promoted to run a wrecking train. He then
secured a freight train, and finally, before he was
eighteen years old, ran a passenger train. After-
wards he served as head fireman on a steamboat ply-
ing between Horseheads and Geneva, and followed
that occupation during the season. At the close of
navigation he commenced to learn the business of a
locomotive fireman on a railroad running between

Geneva and Rochester, New York, and in the
spring of 1839 was again employed as fireman on a
steamboat running between Buffalo and Chicago.
In all these operations Mr. Stevens was not merely
learning a business, but was employed in solving the
problem of burning Blossburg bituminous coal for
steam purposes on locomotives and steamboats,
and he solved thcL problem so successfully that the
Blossburg coal interests became of immense value.
During the year 1839 he quit steamboating and
in the spring of 1840 began taking cattle and
horses from Ohio, Indiana and Illinois to Wiscon-
sin. In the winter of 1841 he returned with the
remnant of his herd to Chicago, and wintered them
on prairie hay. After selecting and breaking a
team for his own use, he traded off the remainder of
his herd for land warrants and located government
lands near Chicago and also near Big Foot Prairie,
on Geneva Lake. At the last named place he broke
up the prairie and farmed for about three years, and
then went on an exploring expedition in the North-
west, and finally settled in the Lake Superior region,
where he remained for twenty years, being em-
ployed in exploring timber lands and in mining.
After being identified with explorations as a w^oods-
man and axeman for some time, he became an ex-
plorer of pine lands, becoming acquainted with
scientific and experienced men and gathering valua-
ble information in regard to timber, minerals and
the geology of the district. His abilities were soon
recognized, and he entered into an arrangement
with several parties, under which he was to explore
for, select and obtain the title to valuable lands and
become jointly interested with the parties who fur-
nished the capital, they agreeing to give him
twenty-five per cent, of the profits arising from said
explorations. This arrangement continued until
1 86 1, during which period he gave his undivided
time and attention to the exploring, working, open-
ing and developing of the mines that he had discov-
ered. Between 1861 and 1864 he closed up Jhis
accounts after a faithful service of about twenty-
five years with the parties forming the association,
his proportion of the profits during the period
amounting to about 1300,000. In the meantime, in
1857, he was married to Ellen Petherick, and in 1862
he concluded to wind up his mining business and
remove to Philadelphia, his wife's first home in this
country. After living a retired life for a year or two,
he again entered into active business, and hearing
very favorable representations of the mines and
minerals in the Oregon mountains, and after study-
ing the mineralogy and vein phenomena of that great
range, he again entered the field, and with rare
energy and determination he for many years en-
dured great risks, privations and dangers in making
geological examinations in search of metalliferous

1074

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

zones, mineral deposits and lodes, examining a range
of country extending north and south from Oregon
Territory to Old Mexico, and east and west from
Colorado to Nevada, traversing a range of moun-
tain country of an area of about a thousand miles
in length by about six or seven hundred miles in
breadth, which for the most part was an unbroken
mountain wilderness. During his explorations he
met with many hostile tribes of Indians, with whom
he had to contend for the right of way through their
country, and he was often involved in skirmishes
with their war parties, greatly delaying his plans
and sometimes reducing him almost to starvation.
During his travels for weeks and months he de-
pended for his support entirely upon his pistol and
fish-hook. He was also oftentimes in great peril from
the desperadoes of the West, who lie in wait upon
the trails, and who do not stop at murder if neces-
sary to secure their booty. In what was literally the
" wild West," he traveled hither and thither in search
of mineral deposits with varied success, experiment-
ing with various kinds of minerals, gold, silver, lead
and copper, and considering their accessibility and
prospective value, sometimes settling down at cer-
tain points for one, two, or three years, and mak-
ing it profitable, and at other times losing. He also
often experimented with new methods of separating,
refining and treating ores of various kinds and fre-
quently made a perfect failure of what was repre-
sented as a very available process. His success in the
discovery and development of argentiferous lead
mines in Montana was quite satisfactory in quality
and in value, but not quite so in points of accessi-
bility, as it was about four hundred miles over the
mountain ranges, valleys, canyons and rocks, and
the locality could be reached only with mule teams.
Concluding to make further researches for minerals
more accessible, he left the Montana mines for future
consideration and development and visited Utah,
New Mexico and Colorado. While in Colorado he
discovered several valuable locations and in 1873
located the most accessible and promising one near
Ore City, now known as Leadville, and between the
years 1873 to 1876, he built an extensive canal or
ditch, some fourteen miles in length, for the pur-
pose of placer mining. In the meantime, in 1875,
he discovered the so-called carbonate of lead mines
in that district. In 1875-6, he continued his ex-
plorations in the placer mines and also to some
extent developed his carbonate of lead mines. The
development proving satisfactory, he made applica-
tion to the government for title, made expenditure
sufficient to comply with the law, secured his gov-
ernment title and began to ship ore from the mine.
Wiien it was discovered by others that he had se-
cured the title to mineral lands of value, opposition
began to be manifested by the bunkos, mine-jumpers

and highwaymen who had flocked to that country
during the war. Their endeavors caused much liti-
gation and heavy expenditure to defend the rights
of the legal and moral owners of the mining estates,
as well as of the corporations which succeeded
them. In the end, however, the company which
had been organized was successful not only in
defending their rights, but in the management and
working of the mine.

The company which Mr. Stevens organized is
known as the Iron Silver Mining Company, and has
realized from the sale of ore over six millions of
dollars. Over $2,444,000 of this amount has been
earned profits and dividends, and has been di-
vided among its shareholders. In the meantime,
during all the period alluded to, Mr. Stevens was
engaged in various other enterprises. He is a large
land proprietor, with heavy interests in steam-
boats and in manufacturing concerns, and has an
extensive stock farm near Detroit. He is also a
leading stockholder and the President of the Third
National Bank.

Notwithstanding the great amount of hard work
that he has performed and the many privations he
has endured, he is still active and vigorous, and
while he has accumulated a large fortune he has
exercised so much self-denial in obtaining it that he
is entitled to all the satisfaction and comfort it can
bring. Personally he is rather blunt in his address,
but is thoroughly reliable and is using his means in
a way that is an advantage to others as well as to
himself.

WILLIAM BRIGHAM WESSON was born in
Hardwick, Worcester County, Massachusetts, March
21, 1820, and is the son of Rev. William B. Wesson,
who for many years was pastor of the Congrega-
tional Church of Hardwick. The family is easily
traced for two hundred years in New England, and
some of the name have lived in the same town, and
in the same homestead, for nearly a century. The
English ancestors are traced for several centuries.
The ancient records of the English cathedral of
Ely show their names in regular order back to the
twelfth century. The American branch of the fam-
ily dates from the arrival of Wm. Wesson, who
came from Ely in 1636, and settled in Hopkinton,
twenty miles from Boston. His descendants parti-
cipated in the French and Indian wars, and in the
war of the Revolution, and were engaged in many
skirmishes with the Indians, and as the country
grew prosperous and settled, numbers of the family
established new homes here and there in various
parts of New England and the west.

Mr. W. B. Wesson's connection with Detroit
dates from the year 1833. He came when a lad of
thirteen with his brother-in-law, the late Moses F«

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALL^TS.

1075

Dickinson. Soon after his arrival he attended a
private school taught by D. B. Crane, in the old
University building, on Bates Street, and when a
branch of the University was opened in the same
building, he continued his studies under the same
roof, and, in 1841, entered the literary department
of the University at Ann Arbor, being the first
member of the Sophomore class, and the only one
that year. Before he had completed his studies he
was taken ill and compelled to take a rest at his
old home in Hardwick, where he remained for six
months.

On his return he entered the law office of Van
Dyke & Emmons, at Detroit, and two years later
was admitted to the bar. His attention, however,
was almost immediately attracted to the possibilities
connected with the real estate business, and he soon
formed a partnership with Albert Crane, and entered
actively upon an uninterrupted career of success.
Their business early assumed such proportions that,
practically, they had no competitors. They became
the pioneers in the business of subdividing large
tracts of land and disposing of the lots, and were
the first to sell lots upon long time, with only asmall
payment down. This method not only created a
brisk demand for their property, but by encouraging
persons of limited means to become lot holders,
they stimulated habits of thrift and industry, and
thereby greatly served hundreds of their fellow-
citizens. There are many persons in Detroit to-day
owning comfortable homes who probably would
not be so well situated but for the opportunities
offered them by Messrs. Crane & Wesson.

Their methods also greatly aided the manufactur-
ing interests of the city, because of the encourage-
ment afforded to laboring men to obtain a home, and
many were drawn hither and remained here because
of these opportunities. So widely and favorably
known did their firm become, that they soon had
their hands full of business, investing for others as
well as for themselves. They operated not only in
Detroit, but in Chicago as well ; and after twenty
years, when they dissolved partnership, Mr. Wes-
son's share of the business amounted to over half a
million dollars.

Mr. Crane removed to Chicago and Mr. Wesson
retained the Detroit business, and continued it with
constant success, increasing his capital several times
over. He has himself erected over a thousand
buildings, and probably owns more improved and
productive property than any other person in Detroit.

The names of scores of streets, dedicated with-
out cost to the city, fitly perpetuate the record of
his extensive landed transactions. His long experi-
ence in real estate matters has made his judgment
almost infallible as to present and prospective values
of real estate in any part of Detroit or its vicinity,

and his knowledge is frequently utilized in the set-
tling of landed estates, and in the determining of
values for various purposes. His investments, how-
ever, have not been wholly in the line of real estate,
and he has found time to engage in various public
enterprises. He was for several years president of
the Detroit, Lansing & Howell Railroad, and aided
materially in securing its completion, and it may be
stated, as a remarkable fact, that his services were
rendered to the company for a series of years with-
out drawing the salary attached to the office, and
he declined to receive any pay for his services. He
was also prominent in the building of the Grand
River and Hamtramck street railroads. He has
served as president of the Wayne County Savings
Bank and of the Safe Deposit Company since the
organization of these corporations. He is also
president of the Detroit Safe Works, and director
and large stockholder in the First National Bank.
He is also a large holder of railroad stocks, and
owns both wild and farming lands in many counties
in Michigan, besides real estate in other States, and
hundreds of pieces of valuable property in Detroit,
which he is continually improving.

His political faith is that of a strong Republican,
but he takes little active part in political life. He
has been frequently solicited to run for Congress,
and could have easily secured a nomination if he
would have accepted. In 1872 he was nominated
for State Senator, and although the district was
strongly Democratic, he w^as elected by a large
majority, carrying every ward and town in the dis-
trict. As State Senator he proved so useful a friend
to the University that the faculty, without his pre-
vious knowledge of their purpose, conferred upon
him an honorary degree.

Notwithstanding the care of his varied and ex-
tensive business interests, Mr. Wesson never seems
to be hurried; each item of business receives its
proper share of attention, and each caller as well ;
he treats all with uniform courtesy, and no one
is ever made unpleasantly conscious of the fact that
he is dealing with a person possessed of large
wealth. He is apparently always even-tempered,
friendly, and has no hard lines in his face or dispo-
sition. He is always liberal, kind-hearted, gener-
ous, and scrupulously unostentatious. He is a
member of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

In his intellectual life he keeps pace with the best
thought of the day, and his library gives abundant
evidence of personal and skilled selection. His
residence at W"essonside, on the river, in the extreme
eastern part of the city, is unsurpassed by any in
Detroit in its elegance and in the beauty of its loca-
tion. The grounds embrace eight acres, slope
gently towards the river, and include all that one
could wish in way of trees and flowers, with boat-

1076

GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

ing facilities and various other enjoyments amply
arranged for.

Mr. Wesson married Lacyra Eugenia Hill, eldest
daughter of the late Lyman Baldwin, in 1852. His
only surviving child is Mrs. Edith W. Seyburn, wiie
of Lieutenant S. Y. Seyburn, of the Tenth United
States Infantry. Mr. Wesson died June 18, 1890.

WILLIAM WOODBRIDGE was born in Nor-
wich, Conn., August 20, 1780. His father, Dudley
Woodbridge, was a graduate of Yale College, and
educated for the bar, but the breaking out ot the
Revolutionary War about the time he was ready to
practice, closed the courts of justice, and he aban-
doned his profession, and became one of the ** minute
men " of Connecticut. After the war he emigrated
from Norwich, Conn., to the Northwest Territory,
and became one of the earliest settlers of Marietta,
removing his family there as soon as a residence
could be provided. Three of his children, including
William, were left at school in their native
State, until a few months before St. Clair's defeat
in 1 791, when William was brought to Marietta,
and for a time attended a school in the Block
House, taught by a Mr. Baldwin. lie remained
four or five years in the Territory, spending a year
at school among the French colonists, at Galliopolis.
From there he w^ent back to Connecticut, where he
remained until 1799. He then returned to Marietta
to assist his father, who was then engaged in mer-
cantile affairs. As the population increased his
father's business enlarged, and he constructed a ves-
sel, loaded it with furs, and, taking advantage of the
freshets, sent it to France, making a successful voy-
age. This ship w^as the first square-rigged vessel
that ever descended the falls of the Ohio.

In 1802 William commenced reading law and sub-
sequently entered the celebrated Litchfield, Conn.,
law school, w^here he remained nearly three years,
and was then admitted as a member of the bar of
Connecticut, and soon after, upon his return to
Ohio, he was admitted to the bar of that State,
and immediately commenced his professional ca-
reer.

In 1807 he was sent as a Representative to the
General Assembly of Ohio, and took a leading part
in the discussion of many important questions.
Early in 1 808 he was appointed Prosecuting Attor-
ney for the county in which he resided, and
held the office until he removed from the State.
In 1809 he was elected a member of the State
Senate, an office which he continued to occupy for
five years. • Late in the autumn of 18 14 he received
notice of his appointment, by President Madison,
as Secretary of the Territory of Michigan, and in
addition was also appointed Collector of Customs
at Detroit.

In 1 8 19 he was elected delegate to Congress
from the Territory of M ichigan, and during his term
in Congress the project of fitting out an expedition
for exploring the Indian country around the bor-
ders of Lake Superior and along the valley of the
upper Mississippi w^as matured and determined
upon. Through his efforts also. Congress made ap-
propriations for the Chicago and Grand River Roads,
and for the road through the Black Swamp. After
his return to Detroit in 1820, he again became Sec-
retary of the Territory of Michigan, holding the
office altogether for eight years, and oftentimes in
the absence of Governor Cass, performing the duties
of Governor.

In the beginning of 1828, Judge James Witherell,
who had been for many years the presiding Judge
of the Territory, resigned his position, and Mr.
Woodbridge was appointed by President John
Quincy Adams as his successor. Mr. Woodbridge
entered upon his duties in 1828, was made the pre-
siding Judge of the court, his associates on the
Bench being Henry Chipman and Solomon Sib-
ley, both of whom were men with whom it was
a source of gratification to be associated, and
it has been said that the Bar of Michigan, at that
particular period, was not surpassed in ability by
that of any State in the Union. The term of
office of Mr. Woodbridge expired in January, 1832,
and he resumed the practice of his profession.

In 1835 he was elected a member of the conven-
tion to form a State constitution, and was the only
Whig elected in the district in which he resided,
and one of the only four members of that party in
the convention. He was also a member of the
first State Senate of 1837, and two years later was
elected Governor of the State. He entered upon
his duties as Governor in January, 1840.

In 1 841 he was elected as United States Senator
from Michigan, and took his seat on the fourth of
March. From the beginning of the session he en-
tered with activity into its proceedings. He was
made chairman of the committee on the Library of
Congress, and was appointed a member of the
standing committees on Agriculture, Claims, Com-
merce, Manufactures, and Public Lands. The re-
ports submitted by him on various subjects were
numerous and invariably commanded attention, and
the Journal of the Senate shows that during his six
years of service, he was attentive and industrious.
His senatorial term ended in 1847, and he returned
to Detroit, resumed his professional pursuits and
cultivated the extensive farm that still bears his
name. In addition to the offices named, he held
various city, county and State offices and served as
Trustee of the University. He was always inter-
ested in the educational and religious welfare of the
city, was one of the first officers of the local Bible

/^^^^^^

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GOVERNORS, SENATORS, BANKERS AND CAPITALISTS.

1077

Society, president of the association that established
the first Sunday school in Detroit, and one of the cor-
porators of the First Protestant Society, and in later
years gave several lots in order to encourage the
erection of churches of various denominations. In
his business career he was actively connected v^ith
the organization of the Bank of Michigan, the first
successful bank in Detroit. It is a notable fact
that with his own hand, as Collector of Customs,
he noted the arrival at this port of the first steam-
boat that ever moved through the river.

A deep grief came to him by the decease on Feb-
ruary 19, i860, of his talented wife. They were
married on June 29, 1806, at Hartford; his wife's
maiden name was Juliana Trumbull ; she was a
daughter of John Trumbull, the author of " McFin-
gal," and other poems. She was born in Hartford,
Connecticut on April 23, 1786, was highly edu-
cated and inherited a large share of the genius of
her father.

Mr. Woodbridge had a frail constitution and did
not long survive his wife ; he died on October 20,
1 86 1. The United States District Court, then in
session, the Bar of Detroit, the Grand Jury, and
other public bodies immediately adopted resolutions
in testimony of the public bereavement. In one
of the addresses Senator Howard gave the follow-
ing personal testimony as to his worth: '* He was
a man of very thorough professional attainments,
familiar with all the standard English writers, and
with the principles of English and American law.
He loved law books, and especially old ones, and
delved with alacrity into the oldest reports and
treaties. But it must not be inferred that he was
inattentive to modern decisions, whether English or
American, or to the general progress of the science
of jurisprudence. He was a scholarly, able man.
In the conduct of a case at the bar, though always
earnest and persevering, he was uniformly cour-
teous. No opponent ever had cause to reproach
him with the slightest remissness in his intercourse

as counsel. His learning, his wit, and his gentlemanly
manner always won for him the admiration of the
bench, the bar, and the bystanders. He was not,
perhaps, the most powerful advocate in analyzing
testimony and exposing falsehood or improbabilities,
but rather relied for success upon his points of law,
which he certainly put with great force and clear-
ness, and yet his efforts before a jury were so per-
suasive, kind and smooth that he seldom lost a ver-
dict. His taste was highly cultivated and refined,
and rather easily offended by coarse expressions or
unbecoming conduct."

He was always prominent at the term of the
Supreme Court, and took part in most, if not all^
the important cases of his time. In writing, his
style was clear, perspicuous and attractive, and in
all his literary productions he represented the best
intelligence and most cultivated thought of his New
England ancestry. His law library was very com-
plete and valuable, and he prized it as the apple of
his eye. He was uniformly distinguished for cour-
tesy, mtegrity. fidelity, learning, industry, and great
ability. As a lawyer, he w^as faithful to his clients,
but always in subordination to his conviction of
what was required by law and justice ; strong in his
dislikes and frank in the expression of them, they
were always founded in his own sincere views of
what was equitable and proper. He possessed
great social and conversational powers, and could
sit for hours at a time and discuss a subject with
the utmost vivacity. His love for his family was
deep, strong, fervent, almost passi(Snate. He was
a great lover of the quiet of home and was emi-
nently kind, patient, and loving in all his intercourse
with his family and with his neighbors also, and was
sincerely loved by all who knew him intimately.

At the time of his death he had three living chil-
dren, namely : Mrs. Henry T. Backus, Dudley B.
Woodbridge, and Wm. Leverett Woodbridge. A
daughter, Mrs. Lucy M. Henderson, died about six
months before her father.

CHAPTER XCII.

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

HUGH BRADY, Major-General U. S. A., was equipment of troops and shipping supplies to the

born at Standingstone, Huntingdon County, Penn-
sylvania, July 29, 1768, and was the fifth son
of John and Mary Brady. His father was a Cap-
tain in the Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment of the
Revolutionary army. He, with two of his sons,
was killed by the Indians, and his wife left a widow
with two sons.

As he grew to manhood, Hugh frequently joined
small parties who retaliated on the Indians for their
misdeeds, and early gained an insight into their
manners and habits of warfare. In 1792 he re-
ceived from General Washington a commission as
Ensign in General Wayne's army, was made Lieu-
tenant in 1794, and took part in his celebrated
western campaign of that year. In 1 799 he received
from President Adams an appointment as Captain,
and subsequently undertook the improvement of a
lot of land located on a branch of the Mahoning
river, about fifty miles from Pittsburgh. He re-
mained there until 1807, and, becoming convinced
that his fortune could not be made at farming, he
removed to Northumberland, where he remained
until 1 81 2, wheil he received a commission from
Mr. Jefferson, and again joined the army. He was
soon promoted to the command of the Twenty-
second Regiment of Infantry, and received, at the
battle of Lundy's Lane, a wound which disabled him
for further service during the war.

In 181 9 he was transferred to the Second Infan-
try, then stationed at Sackett's Harbor, New York.
In 1822 he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-
General for ten years' faithful service. In 1828 he
was in command at Detroit, and in 1837 was placed
in command of Military Department No. 7, having
his head-quarters at Detroit. He continued in com-
mand seven years, and during this time superin-
tended the removal of several tribes to the country
west of the Mississippi river, and did much to allay
the troublesome border difficulties known as the
"Patriot War."

At the breaking out of the Mexican war, although
past the age for active field service, he took a
prominent part, superintending the raising and

seat of war. He was made a Major-General in
1848.

As a soldier, he was eminent for his bravery and
faithfulness ; and as a citizen, he was free from re-
proach, and won the esteem of those with whom
he was associated.

He was married in October, 1805, to Sarah
Wallis. They had six children, namely : Sarah
Wallis, wife of Colonel Electus Backus; Samuel
Preston; Mary Laithy, wife of Colonel Electus
Brady ; Elizabeth Hall ; Jane, wife of Captain James
L. Thompson ; Cassandra, wife of B. J. H. With-
erell. He died at Detroit, April 15, 1851, his death
being caused by his horses running away,

JAMES BURGESS BOOK, M. D., was born at
Palermo, Halton County, Canada, November 7,
1844, and is the son of Johnson and Priscilla Book,
both of German descent. His father was an exten-
sive speculator in real estate and laid out several
towns in Halton County.

The son received his education at the Milton
County Grammar School, from which he graduated
in 1858. The same year he entered the literary
department of the Toronto University, and at the
end of the Sophomore year began a course o£. study
in the Medical College connected with the Univer-
sity ; but before completing the course, having
decided that it would be to his advantage to gradu-
ate elsewhere, he left that institution and entered the
Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. He graduated from there in March, 1865,
and then returned to Toronto and completed his
medical course at the University. In the fall of the
same year he began the practice of his profession at
Windsor, Ontario, but after a few months he
crossed the river, settled in Detroit, and for a year
pursued professional duties with good success.
Anxious, however, to still further perfect and extend
his knowledge of medical science, he went to Europe
in 1867 and attended a full course of lectures at
the celebrated Guy's Hospital Medical School, one
of the oldest medical institutions in London or the

[1078!

/v. y^^^____iz^^y^ ^

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. lO/Q

world. His studies were further supplemented by
a year's attendance at the ficole de Medecin of
Paris, and with three months' practical experience in
the General Hospital at Vienna.

In 1869 he returned to Detroit,and as a result of
thorough preparation, coupled with exceptionally
good professional judgment, his practice has grown
to large proportions. He served as Professor of
Surgery and Clinical Surgery in the Michigan Medi-
cal College until that institution consolidated with
the Detroit Medical College, forming the Detroit
College of Medicine. After the consolidation he
continued to serve as Professor of Surgery, and is
one of the largest stockholders in the college. From
1872 to 1876 he was surgeon of St. Luke's Hospi-
tal and is now attending surgeon of Harper Hospi-
tal, and has been surgeon-in-chief of the D., L. &
N. R. R. since 1882. He is a member of the
Wayne County Medical Society, of the Medical and
Library Association, and of the State and Ameri-
can Medical Associations. He is also medical
director of the Imperial Life Insurance Company of
Detroit, organized in 1886.

He is a frequent contributor to the medical jour-
nals,and among the more important of his contri-
butions may be named, an article on " Nerve
Stretching," recounting a series of experiments in
this comparatively new departure in surgery. The
titles of some of his other articles have been as fol-
lows : " Old Dislocations, with Cases and Results,"
" The Influence of Syphilis and Other Diseases,"
" Fever Following Internal Urethrotomy," "Idio-
pathic Erysipelas," "Malarial Neuralgia," and
" Inhalation in Diseases of the Air Passages."

Although his practice is general in its character,
it is more especially in the difficult and delicate
branches of surgery that he excels. In this depart-
ment he has gained deserved distinction and has
an enviable reputation in his profession. A nota-
ble instance of his skill was furnished in 1882, when
he successfully performed an operation before the
students and faculty of the Michigan College of
Medicine, requiring the removal of the Meckels
ganglion. It was the only case of its kind ever
treated with success in the w^est and but few simi-
lar instances are reported in surgical history. Dr.
Book is a close and careful student of medical sub-
jects and professionally a hard worker. A sincere
liking for his profession, an extended and diversified
course of instruction in this and other countries,
and the experience of many years of practice, have
given him a prestige equalled by few among the
many notable physicians of Detroit.

Dr. Book has taken an active interest in home
military organizations and was elected Surgeon of
the Independent Battalion of Detroit in 1881, and
since that organization became a part of the Fourth

Regiment of the State militia, he has served as
Regimental Surgeon. He is a Republican in poli-
tics but has never taken an active interest in politi-
cal affairs. In 188 1 he was elected an Alderman of
the Third Ward at the first election held under the
present division of the city wards. He resigned his
aldermanic position in 1 882 to accept the position
of Police Surgeon, an office he still retains. Socially
agreeable, frank and candid in his manner, he
makes friends easily, and retains their esteem.

WILLIAM HENRY BREARLEY was born
July 18, 1846, at Plymouth, Michigan, and is the
son of Joseph and Hannah (Van Etten) Brearley,
who were both natives of Lyons, New York. Their
children were John Harrison who died in 1832,
E. Cordelia, Kate, Sarah A., who died in 1842, a
son who died in infancy in 1844, William H. and
Minnie.

James Brearley, an early English ancestor, was
born at York, England, in 151 5. One of his de-
scendants, John Brearley, the great -great-great-
grandfather of Joseph Brearley, came to America
with the Duke of York about 1680, and became the
possessor of several thousand acres of land between
the Three and Five Mile Runs on the Assanpink
River, midway between Trenton and Princeton, and
also of a tract of sixteen hundred acres ten miles
south of Newton, New Jersey, besides a 500 acre
plantation on the Delaware river, near the Washing-
ton Crossing. He died near Trenton, New Jersey, in
17 10. He was a slaveholder and his house is still
standing five miles west of Trenton and is over two
hundred years old ; a " new part " was added to it by
General Joseph Brearley in 1784. The most prom-
inent representative of the family was Judge David
Brearley, who was born in 1745 ^"^ died in 1790.
He was a Colonel in the Continental Army and after-
ward the first Chief Justice of New Jersey. He
was a grand master of the masonic bodies of that
State, and one of those who, in 1787, framed and
signed the Constitution of the United States.

Joseph Brearley and Hannah Van Etten were
married May 12, 1830, and removed to Plymouth,
Michigan, in 1837, and there, on August 8th, 1852,
the mother died, leaving the care of the two younger
children to the two older sisters, who continued this
responsibility until 1859, when the eldest, Cordelia,
married Rev. A. C. Merritt, now of South Haven,
Michigan, and the next in age, Kate, now Mrs. H.
A. Ford, of Detroit, went with the two younger
children to the State Normal School at Ypsilanti.

The instruction of his sisters at home and about
three years in the public school at Plymouth, enabled
W. H. Brearley, at the age of thirteen, to enter the
second class at the Normal School, he being several
years younger than any other member of the class.

Io8o AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

On account of delicate health, the summer of i860
was spent on a farm near Coldwater. He returned
to the Normal School in the fall, but as his health
again failed he resumed farm work, this time with
his brother-in-law. Rev. A. C. Merritt, near Flint,
Michigan. On the breaking out of the war in the
spring of 1861, he attempted to enlist in the 14th
and then in the i6th Michigan Infantry, but his
father's permission could not be obtained, as he
was but fourteen years of age. He, however, felt
an increasing conviction that his duty required him
to become a soldier,and walked four miles several
times a week, in the evening, to Flushing, to get
the Detroit daily papers, that he might obtain and
devour the war news. In May, 1862, when fifteen
years old, he learned through Professor Austin
George of the organizing of a company among the
students of the Normal School. This time permis-
sion to enlist was reluctantly given by his father, and
on August 1 5th, he was enrolled as a member of
Company E, 17th Michigan Infantry, being smug-
gled in through an "error" of the enlisting officer,
who entered his age on the rolls as 18. The day of
large bounties had not then been reached, and the
company was officered by an election at a company
meeting when the older and more advanced pupils
were complimented with being selected as officers.
On August 27 the regiment took part in the demoh-
stration in honor of the return, on that day, of Gen-
eral O. B. Wilcox, and in the evening, after having
been well drenched by a heavy fall of rain, they em-
barked on the Cleveland steamer en route for Wash-
ington, sleeping on the wet lower deck. Reaching
Washington, the 17th Michigan began active service
at once by participating in the battles of South
Mountain and Antietam on September 14 and 17,
1862, and continued with the 9th Army Corps, going
in January to Newport News, thence west to Ken-
tucky, and then down the Mississippi to Vicksburg,
back again to Kentucky and over into Tennessee,
and finally back to the Army of the Potomac in the
east, where Mr. Brearley participated in all the
engagements of the " Grant " campaign. This
service included the twenty-four battles of South
Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburgh, the siege of
Vicksburg, Blue Springs, Lenoire Station, Camp-
bell Station, siege of Knoxville, Wilderness, Ny
River, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church,
Cold Harbor, Petersburgh, The Crater, Welden
Railroad, Ream's Station, Poplar Springs Church,
Pegram Farm, Boydton Road, Hatcher's Run, Fort
Steadman, and the final assault on Petersburgh, be-
sides many skirmishes. At the close of the war
the regiment returned to Detroit, arriving June 7,
1865, and on July 10 following it was paid off and
discharged.
Soon after his return Mr. Brearley entered Gold-

smith's Business College, went through the course of
studies and was subsequently engaged in the office of
the Detroit Locomotive Works, afterwards known
as the Buhl Iron Works, where he remained nearly
five years. He spent the winter of 1870 and 1871
in Kansas, and after returning to Detroit visited
New York, Philadelphia, and Boston in the interest
of the Detroit Tribune, Post, and Free Press, and
three months later he was offered and accepted an
engagement on the Tribune, by which he was to
receive a stipulated salary and a percentage upon all
the advertising receipts in excess of the highest
average received for several years preceding. The
year following the receipts of the Tribune were
nearly doubled. His success and income, however,
led to complications that were followed by the with-
drawal of both Mr. J . E. Scripps and himself, and
they united in establishing August 23, 1873, the
Detroit Evening News.

Mr. Scripps edited and printed the paper and
Mr. Brearley was its sole customer for advertising,
paying his own canvassers, bookkeeper and collec-
tor, and taking his own risk upon all accounts.

The paper was started about two weeks before the
"panic" of 1873, which brought scores of business
houses to bankruptcy and nearly swamped the new
enterprise. The point of danger was. however, at
length passed and the tide of success set in.

After being connected with the paper fourteen
years, on May i, 1887, Mr. Brearley withdrew from
the News, and seven days later purchased the entire
stock of the Detroit Journal, a rival evening paper,
which had been established September ist, 1883,
and which under Mr. Brearley 's management and
an editorial force that is second to none in Detroit,
has achieved a leading position.

Mr. Brearley 's connection with the Detroit Mu-
seum of Art is indicated elsewhere in this work.
He began by interesting Thomas W. Palmer, James
McMillan and others in the project, and on Decem-
ber 6, 1882, at a meeting of ladies called at the resi-
dence of Mrs. James F. Joy, Mr. Brearley gave an
outline of his plans for an Art Loan Exhibition, to
awaken an interest in art, to be followed by the
raising of money and establishing a permanent
Museum of Art. He personally advanced the
$10,000 needed to erect the building, and the exhibi-
tion was carried through successfully, and created
an interest in art that was before unknown in the
city. Mr. Brearley was subsequently the principal
instrument in raising $roo,ooo for the erection and
endowment of the Museum, giving about one tenth
of the whole amount himself. There can be no
question but that to him more than to any other
person is to be attributed the successful completion
of the project, and he succeeded by dint of sheer
purpose and untiring determination.

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1081

He is a member of the First Baptist Church and
is active in various departments of church and
Sunday school work. In 1878 while Associational
Superintendent of Sunday school work, he visited
the thirty-three Sunday schools of the IMichigan
association, and noticing the lack of convenience
for holding their services, he designed and copy-
righted a set of six church plans, which have been
adopted by over 120 churches in all parts of the
country. In 1872 he invented for the use of news-
paper men a diary of peculiar construction which
he calls an "oflBce systematizer," and over fifteen
hundred are in use in various newspaper offices.

In 1877 he inaugurated a series of summer excur-
sions to the White Mountains and sea-shore, and
during the seven years ending in 1 883, he took east
thirteen largely patronized excursions. He origi-
nated and planned the successful national organi-
zation, known as the American Newspaper Pub-
lisher's Association, with head-quarters now at 104
Temple Court, New York. Its first meeting was
held at Rochester on February 11, 1887, and dur-
ing its first year he was one of the executive com-
mittee and served as secretary. He also suggested
the idea of a Press Brotherhood, prepared a ritual
for the same, and an organization was effected on
July 26, 1887, and at this and also at the meeting of
June 30, 1888, he was elected president of the so-
ciety, which is in a prosperous condition and
expected to spread throughout the United States.

He is a member of the Detroit, Grosse Pointe
and Rushmere Clubs, and of the Michigan Yacht
Club ; also of Detroit Commandery of Knights
Templars, and of Detroit Post G. A. R. His busi-
ness career abundantly evidences his business fore-
sight and push, and his success in overcoming ob-
stacles in various directions, shows that he pos-
sesses high courage and an obstinacy of devotion to
whatever he undertakes, that could hardly fail to
win.

As is usually the case with those who possess
such marked persistency of purpose, he does not
count upon every person as a friend, but his record
will bear examination, and he has proved a better
citizen for Detroit than many who have had larger
opportunities. He is genial among his friends, lib-
eral in his gifts to worthy objects, and zealously*
alive to all the interests recognized as contributing
to the well-being of society.

He was married August 27, 1868, to Miss Lina
De Land, of East Saginaw, daughter of Milton B.
De Land. Their oldest son, Harry C, born Octo-
ber 2, 1870, is assistant manager of the Detroit
Journal. Their three other children are named
Rachel, born May 30, 1873, Benjamin W., born
September i, 1881, and Margareft, born September
2, 188^.

J. HENRY CARSTENS, M. D., of Detroit, was
born June 9, 1848, in the city of Kiel, in the Ger-
man province of Schleswig-Holstein. His father,
John Henry Carstens, a merchant tailor, was an
ardent revolutionist and participated in the various
revolts in the memorable years of 1848-49. He
had been captured and was in prison when his son
was born ; after some months he was released and
began attending to his business, but fearing that
he might be again imprisoned, he packed up a few
goods, and with his family left in the dead of the
night for America, and on his arrival settled in
Detroit, where he has since remained. One of his
grandfathers was an architect and builder, another
a ship builder; many of his uncles, with other rela-
tives, were officers in the army and navy, and nearly
all of them participated in the revolution and were
forced to leave Germany and come to the United
States.

J. H. Carstens is the eldest of two children. His
earlier education was received in the public schools
of Detroit, supplemented by six years' attendance at
the German-American Seminary. While receiving
instruction at the latter institution, his parents lived
on a farm four and a half miles from the city,
which distance he was compelled to walk twice a
day. He evinced even as a boy an eager desire for
intellectual work, excelled as a student and took
high rank in his studies, especially in those pertain-
ing to natural sciences and mathematics. Before
he had attained his fifteenth year, he was com-
pelled to engage in business, and after some time
devoted to lithography, he entered the drug store
of Wm. Thum, and afterwards served in Duffield's
drug store, and with B. E. Sickler. He became
proficient in the various details of the business,
served one year as prescription clerk in Stearns's
drug store, and then began the study of medicine,
his name being the first on the matriculation book
of the Detroit Medical College. Even before gradu-
ation he had charge of the college dispensary, and
after his graduation in 1870, he was immediately
put in charge of the dispensary, and a few years
later held the same position in St. Mary's Hospital
Infirmary. He was appointed lecturer on Minor
Surgery in the Detroit Medical College in 1871, and
afterwards lecturer on Diseases of the Skin, and
Clinical Medicine.

He has lectured on almost every branch of medi-
cal science, the most important subjects so treated
being, Diseases of Women and Children, Differen-
tial Diagnosis, Nervous Diseases, Physical Diagno-
sis, Pathology, Chemistry, Materia Medica, and
Therapeutics. His taste and practice gradually
tended to the diseases of women, and after holding
the professorship of Materia Medica and Therapeu-
tics in the Detroit Medical College for some years,

1082 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS. MILITARY OFFICERS.

in 1 88 1 he accepted the professorship of Obstetrics
and Clinical Gynecology, a position he has ever
since held, and on the consolidation with the Michi-
gan College of Medicine, he was appointed to the
same position in the Detroit College of Medicine.
As a lecturer on medical subjects he has performed
most satisfactory labors, is thorough in his investi-
gations and in the application of knowledge gained
by practical experience and unremitting research.
He is terse, clear, and practical, and easily wins the
respect of those who come under his teaching.

In view of the experiences of his father, it is but
natural that Dr. Carstens should have a strong
taste for politics. Ever since he has been old
enough to understand the political situation in this
country he has been a staunch Republican. Before
his twentieth year he delivered political speeches,
and this he continued for many years, speaking in
either English or German in many parts of the
State of Michigan. In 1876 he was elected chair-
man of the Republican City Committee, and at the
same time was a member of the County Committee.
During the year he held the§e positions, he materi-
ally assisted in securing Republican control of the
city and county. Both as an organizer and as an
earnest, effective worker, he has rendered valuable
aid in gaining victories for his party, and has been
often tendered party nominations. He has, how-
ever, thus far refused to become a candidate for
office, with the exception of a nomination as mem-
ber of the Board of Education, to which he was
elected in 1875 and re-elected in 1879. ^n 1877 he
was appointed president of the Board of Health,
and during his term of office rendered valuable
assistance in checking the spread of small-pox,
which was then prevalent. On the organization of
the Michigan Republican Club, he was elected a
director. His rapidly increasing professional duties,
of late years, have prevented active political work,
and with the exception of an occasional speech, his
whole time has been devoted to his profession. His
contributions to medical literature have been vari-
ous and extended.

He has reported many clinical lectures and has
translated various articles from German and French
medical journals. Among the more important of
the articles written by him may be named : Cleft-
palate and Iodoform, Medical Education, Embol-
ism, Vaccination, Household Remedies, Phantasia,
Clinical Le:tures, A Case of Obstetrics, Dysentery
cured without Opium, Strangulated Hernia, Hem-
orrhoids, Clinical Lectures on Gynecology, A Case
of Epilepsy caused by Uterine Stenosis, Three Cases
of Battey's Operation, Uterine Cancer, Menorrha-
gia and Metrorrhagia, Cancer, Ergot in Labor,
Mechanical Therapeutics of Amenorrhoea, A Dif-
ferent Method of Treating a Case of Freshly Rup-

tured Perinaeum, Fibroid Tumor Removed by Lapa-
rotomy, Vesico-Vaginical Fistula, Loewenthal The-
ory of Menstruation, Mastitis, Laceration of the
Cervix Uteri, A small Book on Amenorrhoea,
Dysmenorrhoea and Menorrhagia. Nearly all of his
articles have been extensively copied by medical
journals in this country, and some by European
journals. He holds the position of gynecologist
to Harper Hospital, attending physician at the
Woman's Hospital and obstetrician of the House
of Providence. He is a member of the American
Medical Association, and of the Michigan State
Medical Society, of which he was vice-president in
1885, president of the Detroit Medical and Library
Society, a member of the Detroit Academy of
Medicine, and of the British Gynecological. Society,
honorary member of the Owosso and Kalamazoo
Academy of Medicine and the Northeastern District
Medical Society, and vice-president of the Ameri-
can Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

His advance as a physician has been steady and
sure; he has been a continuous student and a hard
worker ; his practice has grown into an extensive
and remunerative one and he finds his time and
hands fully occupied. He has given to certain dis-
eases close and special attention and has worked
out for them peculiar, independent, and success-
ful modes of treatment. Among his professional
brethren he holds the place due to his talents and
manly character, and is ever ready to aid any enter-
prise that may be originated for the good of the
public. Although his professional duties are oner-
ous, he finds time for general reading and keeps
well informed in a wide range of intellectual cul-
ture ; is thorough and earnest in all that he under-
takes, and has the undivided good will and respect
of the community in which he dwells.

He was married October 18, 1870, to Hattie
Rohnert. who had for some time been a teacher
in one of the public schools.

HENRY ALEXANDER CLELAND, M. D.
of Detroit, was born in Sterling, Scotland, March
14, 1839, and is the son of Henry and Mary Young)
Cleland, and a lineal descendant of William Cleland,
the covenanter, who during the sixteenth century
was a conspicuous character in the war of the cov-
enanters, having great influence as a leader of the
West country Whigs. In 1689, when the extortion
and persecutions of Viscount Dundee, to whom King
James entrusted the management of affairs in Scot-
land, had justly aroused the anger of the covenant-
ers, it was William Cleland, then living in Edin-
burgh,who became the recognized head of the move-
ment which for a time threatened to destroy the
forces of Dundee. At that time, says Lord Macau-
ley in his History of England, ** the enemy whom

^

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^WvV

c

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISH BRS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1083

Dundee had most to fear was a youth of distin-
guished courage and abilities, named William Cle-
land. * * * Cleland had, when little more than
sixteen years old, borne arms in the insurrection at
Bothwell Bridge. He had since disgusted some
virulent fanatics by his humanity and moderation,
but with the great body of Presbyterians his name
stood high. With the strict morality and ardent zeal
of a puritan he united accomplishments of which few
puritans could boast: his manners were polished
and his literary and scientific attainments respect-
able. He was a linguist, a mathematician, and a
poet, and his poems written when a mere boy,
* * * showed considerable vigor of mind."
He was killed in 1689, at the age of twenty-seven
years. His namesake, an uncle of Henry Cleland,
was for many years a prominent merchant of
Wishaw, Lanarkshire. The ancestors of Dr. Cle-
land's mother were farmers for many generations
in the town of Stirling of the immediate vicinity.

Henry Cleland spent the earlier years of his life
in London, England, where he learned the business
of a cutler and instrument maker. At the age of
twenty-five he went to Stirling and began business
for himself, and died there in 1844, at the age of for-
ty-five, leaving his widow with eight children and
with but limited means for support. The family
remained at Stirling until 185 1, where Henry A.
recefved his rudimentary education in the grammar
school. The family then removed to Glasgow, and
here for one year young Cleland attended St. James's
Parish School. He then became an errand boy in
a paint and music store, but diligently pursued
his studies, attending the evening schools and the
Mechanics' Institute, and later, the Andersonian
University, and managed to secure not only a good
English education, but a fair knowledge of the
classics, physics, and natural sciences. Believing
that superior advantage existed in America for
advancement, he left Scotland in 1858 and came
to Detroit, where an elder brother, named Wil-
liam, had located a few years previously. Here
he at first secured employment in the insurance
office of M. S. Frost, but after a few months' service,
he entered the office of Dr. Richard Inglis, to take
charge of the financial management of his practice,
and upon his advice soon began the study of
medicine, and in 1859 became a student in the Med-
ical Department of the University of Michigan. He
graduated in 1861, and soon after enlisted as a pri-
vate in Co. I, 2d Regiment of Michigan Infantry,
and after a short period of service was made hospi-
tal steward. During the Peninsular Campaign of
Gen. McClellan he acted as assistant surgeon of
his regiment, and was slightly wounded at the bat-
tle of Williamsburgh. At the battle of Charles City
Cross Roads, he was taken prisoner, and for four

weeks was confined at Libby Prison, when he was
exchanged, rejoining his regiment just prior to the
second battle of Bull Run. He continued with his
regiment until the battle of the Wilderness, when he
resigned his commission and returned to Detroit to
take charge of the medical practice of Dr. Inglis,
who on account of ill health desired to retire from
professional work. Since then Dr. Cleland has
been constantly engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession, and it has steadily grown in extent. He
has a natural liking for his calling, and possesses an
untiring, painstaking, and studious nature; these
qualities with a high order of skill, good judgment,
and pleasing address, attract confidence and trust,
and easily account for his success. ' He is modest
and retiring in his nature, and his patients esteem
him,not only as a physician but as a friend. He has
cultivated a family practice, and his professional
labors have resulted in securing a large competence
which has been judiciously invested in real estate in
Detroit. His time is thoroughly engrossed in his
professional duties and he finds little opportunity
for any projects not connected with his profession.

He is a member of the State Medical Associa-
tion, and is a charter member of the Detroit Acad-
emy of Medicine, the oldest medical society of
Detroit. In 1873 he went to Europe, and remained
one year, spending considerable time in the hospi-
tals of London, Edinburgh, and Paris. At one
time he was a member of the staff of St. Mary's
Hospital, and is now connected with Harper Hos-
pital. He was married in 1865 to Agnes M. Cowie,
daughter of Wm. Cowie, President of the Detroit
Dry Dock Engine Works, and sister of Dr. Henry
Cowie, Dentist, of Detroit.

GEORGE DAWSON was born at Falkirk,
Scotland, March 14, 18 13. His father was a book-
binder, and resided near Edinburgh. He was mar-
ried in 1 8 10 to Mary Chapman and removed to
Falkirk, where George was born. The father came
to America in 18 16, and found employment in New
York. Two years later he removed to Toronto,
and subsequently to Niagara County, New York.
While there, when he was eleven years old, George
was entered as an apprentice in the printing busi-
ness in the office of the Niagara Gleaner, and
remained two years.

In 1826, with his father, he went to Rochester,
where he entered the office of the Anti-Masonic
Inquirer, then conducted by Thurlow Weed, and
in March, 1830, he aided Weed in starting the
Albany Evening Journal. In 1836 he became ed-
itor of the Rochester Daily Democrat, but in Sep-
tember, 18 39, left it to become editor and proprietor,
with Morgan Bates, of the Detroit Daily Advertiser,
and continued to manage that paper nearly three

1084 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFI ICERS.

years, and his labors on the Advertiser had very
much to do with the prosperity of the Whig cause in
Michigan. After the fire of 1842 had destroyed
the Advertiser office, he sold out to his partner, and
returned to Rochester to resume control of the
Democrat, and subsequently went to Albany and
again connected himself with the Journal.

In i86[ he was appointed postmaster of Albany,
and served six years. He retired from editorial
work on the Journal on September 2, i832.

He ranked high as a journalist, was elegant and
and graceful in his style, and made a very honora-
ble record. He was domestic in his tastes, fond of
angling, and wrote a little work "On the Pleasures
of Angling." As a politician he firmly adhered to
his principles, but was always gentle and pleasant
in asserting them. He became a member of the
Baptist church in 1831, and ever remained an
earnest and consistent Christian. He married
Nancy M. Terrell in June, 1834, and died on Feb-
ruary 17, 1883.

COLONEL ARENT SCHUYLER DE PEY-
STER, whose name is associated with Detroit
during its early occupancy by the British, was the
second son of Pierre Guillaume de Peyster, of New
Amsterdam. His ancestors were driven from
France by the persecutions of Charles IX. and sev-
eral of them settled in Holland.

Johannes de Peyster, the founder of the family in
this country, was an eminent merchant in New
York in the seventeenth century. He was born at
Harlem early in that century, and in 1653, although
he had just arrived in this country, he offered an
amount only exceeded by twelve of the richest set-
tlers, toward erecting the city palisades. He died
about 1686, after a long life of activity and useful-
ness. His second son, Isaac, was for many years
a member of the Provincial Legislature, and one of
the aldermen of New York from 1730 to 1734-
His third son, Johannes, in 1698-9 was at the same
time Mayor of the City of New York and a Repre-
sentative of the municipality of the Provincial
Legislature. The fourth son, Cornelius, was the
first Chamberlain of the city, and was Captain of
the Fifth Company of Foot, in the regiment of
which his eldest brother was Colonel.

Colonel de Heer Abraham de Peyster, the eldest
son of Johannes, was a prominent politician, and
possessed of great wealth, being one of the largest
owners of real estate in his native city. He was
born in New Amsterdam, July 8, 1657. On April
5, 1684, at Amsterdam, in Holland, he married
Catharine de Peyster. He filled many prominent
offices, and died on August 2, 1728. His eldest
daughter, Catharine, married Philip van Cortlandt,
whose son was the well-known Lieutenant-Gov-

ernor Pierre van Cortlandt, of Croton. His second
daughter, Elizabeth, married John Hamilton, Gov-
ernor of the Province of New Jersey. His seventh
son, Pierre Guillaume, married Catherine Schuy-
ler, sister of Colonel Peter Schuyler, famous for
his influence over the five nations of Indians.
The second son of Pierre Guillaume was Colonel
Arent Schuyler de Peyster, whose picture accom-
panies this article. His nephew, namesake, pro-
tege, and intended heir, was a veritable rover, by
sea and shore. In the course of his wanderings,
he sailed twice around the world, doubled the Cape
of Good Hope fifteen times, visited most of the
Polynesian Islands, and in passing from the western
coast of America to Calcutta, discovered the group
of islands since known as the DePeyster or Peyster
Islands. He married Sarah Macomb, the sister of
Major General Alexander Macomb, of the United
States army. He had in his possession an elegant
testimonial given by the merchants of Michilimack-
inac to his uncle, as a token of their grateful appre-
ciation of his efforts to protect and prosper com-
merce, and conserve the English interests in that
region.

The funds collected for the testimonial were sent
to England to secure a service of plate, but the
gift never reached the hands for which it was
intended. By the time the silver was shipped, the
Revolutionary War was raging throughout the
thirteen colonies, and a privateer belonging to
Salem, Massachusetts, captured the vessel and the
silver also. The service remained in the family
of the owner of the privateer for some years and
was eventually distributed among various persons.
The punch bowl forming part of the service was
sent to New York to be sold, and was purchased
by Captain de Peyster ; in the course of its wan-
derings the cover had been lost. The bowl is
about fifteen inches high and nearly fifty inches in
circumference ; it is said to have cost a hundred
guineas, and a more beautiful specimen of the
silversmith's art is seldom seen. It bears a figure
of a tortoise or turtle, which was the emblem of
Mackinaw, and in French the following inscrip-
tion :

Thine image, Tortoise, ever will a-fond memorial be,

My sphere of duty and my home were six long years with thee.

From the Merchants
Trading at Michilimackinac,
To A. S. DE Peyster, Esq.

Major to the King's or 8th Regiment, as a testimony of the high
sense they entertain of his just and upright conduct, and the
encouragement he gave trade during the six years he commanded
at that post.

Colonel de Peyster came to Detroit in 1776. and

iTi^e^

AUTHORS, EDITORS. PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1085

was here most of the time up to 1784, and his con-
nection with this city is alluded to in various places
in other parts of this work. Soon after the conclu-
sion of the Revolutionary war he settled in Dum-
fries, the native town of Mrs. de Peyster. During
the French Revolution, his zeal and talents were
called into exercise for the training of the first regi-
ment of the Dumfries volunteers, Robert Burns him-
self being a member of the company, and a warm
friend of the commanding officer.

Colonel de Peyster was tall, soldier-like, and
commanding ; in his manners, easy, affable and
open; in his affections, warm, generous and sincere;
in his principles, and particularly in his political
creed, firm even to inflexibility. He died on No-
vember 26, 1822. The' remains were interred in
bt. Michael's churchyard.

The late Frederick de Peyster, President of the
New York Historical Society, was a relative; his son,
the well-known author. General J. Watts de Pey-
ster, has preserved many memorials of his distin-
guished ancestor.

JOHN FARMER, engraver and publisher, was
born at Half Moon, Saratoga County, New York,
on February 9, 1798. His paternal ancestors for
two generations bore the same christian name and
were natives of Boston, Massachusetts.

His father removed from Boston to Long Island
about 1770. He was a staunch, w^arm and zealous
friend of the American cause, and upon the British
invasion of Long Island in 1776 he was captured
and confined, at first in a dungeon and then on one
of the British prison ships, and when released was
so nearly dead that only the most careful medical
attendance preserved him. In order to secure his
release, Richard Sands, of the well-known firm of
Prime, Ward & Sands, of Brooklyn, with Joshua
Cornwall and Henry Sands, gave bonds in the sum
of ;£i,5oo, for his continuance within the British
lines during the war. After the war he married
Catharine Jacokes Stoutenburgh, widow of Dr.
Abraham Stoutenburgh, and settled in the town of
Malta, Saratoga County, New York.

His%on, the engraver and publisher, was edu-
cated in the vicinity of and at Albany, New York,
and taught a Lancasterian school in that city. By
invitation of Governor Cass and the Trustees of the
University of Michigan, he came to Detroit from
Albany in 1821 to take charge of one of the Uni-
versity schools, the said schools being the nucleus
of the present University of Michigan.

Within two or three years after his arrival at
Detroit, Mr, Farmer was engaged in surveying and
preparing hand-made maps of the territory. In 1825
he published the first map of Michigan, and the
certificate of copyright bears the signature of Henry

Clay, who was then Secretary of State. He sub-
sequently published, under various titles, twelve
different maps of Michigan, Lake Superior, and
Detroit, most of them being engraved by his own
hand, and all who are acquainted with his works
concede that they have never been excelled, and
rarely if ever equaled in accuracy and completeness.
He was a remarkably elegant penman, and as a
surveyor and draftsman had no superior in his da^r,.
In 1831 he compiled and drew for the Governor
and Judges the first and only map transmitted by
them to Congress, and that map is to this day the
only legal authority and guide as to the surveys in
the older portions of the city. It was accepted by
Congress as authoritative and is reproduced in
Volume V of the American State Papers, Public
Land Series. In January, 1835, he issued the first
published map of the city, which showed the size
and correct outlines of the several lots.

His early maps of the Territory and State were
sold by the thousands in all the leading eastern cities,
and are conceded to have been greatly influential
in promoting the extensive immigration to Michi-
gan between the years 1825 to 1840. In 1830, at
Albany, New York, he issued the first Gazetteer of
Michigan , a work relatively as complete as any
gazetteer since issued. He served repeatedly as
District, City, and County Surveyor, and laid out
many of the earlier roads and villages.

He had much to do with early educational
matters in Detroit and was the first chairman of the
first Board of School Inspectors in the city and was
continued in the office of chairman for four succes-
sive years, retiring in 1842. He subsequently
served as a member of the Board of Education, and
also as City Treasurer in 1838.

He was one of the corporators of the first Metho-
dist Episcopal Church of Detroit and one of its
earliest trustees. He took an active part in discuss-
ing the interests of, and in moulding the affairs of
the city, especially during the years from 1830 to
1850, and was energetic and successful in whatever
he undertook. He was intense in his convictions,
and in expressing his opinion was always clear and
forceful. He was an early advocate of the abolition
of slavery, and would have sympathized with any
and every effort made by the slaves to secure their
freedom.

In his profession as an engraver and publisher, he
had a passion for accuracy and a tireless energy
that hesitated at no expenditure of time or money
to secure perfection of detail, and accuracy of in-
formation, and it may well be doubted whether any
person ever labored more assiduously in the prose-
cution of their vocation. He seemed to love work
for work's sake and seldom spent less than twelve
to fifteen hours per day at his desk.

Io86 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

As a neighbor and friend he was trusted and
esteemed, and to him home was the most desirable
of all places. He was married on April 5, 1826, to
Roxana Hamilton, of Half Moon, Saratoga County,
New York. Her father. Dr. Silas Hamilton, with
his father and brother, were in the Revolutionary
army and participated in the battles of Bennington,
Ticonderoga, and in other campaigns.

Mr. Farmer died on March 24, 1859, leaving
three children, John H., Esther A., and Silas Farmer.
His wife is still living, and has been a resident of
Detroit for over sixty years.

CHARLES HASTINGS, M. D., was born in
Junius, Seneca County, New York, September i,
1820. In early youth he was thrown upon his own
resources, and by his industry and studious habits
acquired the education which fitted him for his
chosen profession. He studied medicine with Dr.
N. W. Bell, at Geneva, New York, and graduated
at the Columbian (allopathic) College of Medicine,
and also at the Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical
College.

After practicing for some time in Cleveland and
going through the cholera epidemic at Sandusky,
where he was at one time reported as dead, he
came to Detroit in 1852 and practiced here for over
thirty-four years, and at the time of his death was
the oldest homoeopathic physician in the city. In
1853 he was appointed by the Board of Auditors,
County Physician, and was the first of his school to
receive an appointment to that position in Detroit.
He was subsequently an officer of the Detroit
Homoeopathic Institute, and did much to sustain
it. He was also a prominent member of the State
Homoeopathic Medical Society.

His practice was large and required close and
laborious application, but in the midst of exhaustive
professional duties he devoted much labor to the
defense of the principles which underlie his school
of practice, and was among the ablest exponents of
those principles, both in professional success and
in the strength and cogency of the arguments
which he employed. He wrote many letters and
articles which bear marks not only of his scholar-
ship and comprehensive knowledge, but above all,
of that candor and courteous demeanor toward
opponents which always distinguished him. He
read many papers upon different medical topics
before the societies to which he belonged, and took
a leading part in their discussions and always
aimed to elevate the standard of the profession.
He was an avowed opponent of all superficial and
sensational methods in connection with the pro-
fession of medicine, which he ever regarded as a
sacred trust, and was always planning for the wel-
fare of the profession and particularly of his patients.

Possessing a knowledge of both schools, he was free
from the prejudices of either, and was liberal and
catholic both in his sentiments and aims.

He was influential in getting the homoeopathic
department established in the State University, and
by his weight of character, no less than by his suc-
cess in practice, did much to remove the preju-
dice which had existed against the system he repre-
sented. Though known as a strict homoeopathist,
he had the respect and confidence of the profession
generally, and w^as often called to consult with allo-
pathic physicians. He had a quiet and somewhat
retiring disposition and made but few intimates, but
by those who knew him best and in his family, where
he was a kind father and devoted husband, he was
dearly loved.

St. John's commendation of Gains ; '* Thou doest
faithfully whatever thou doest to the brethren and
strangers," applied with truth to Dr. Hastings.
The characteristic of his self-centered, well-poised,
reticent nature, was faithfulness. To his patients,
his steady, discriminating watchfulness, was a source
of comfort and confidence. % It was no unusual thing
for him, when anxious about a patient, to go dur-
ing the time between midnight and morning, when
the tide of life runs low in the human frame, to the
house, and whatever the weather, to watch outside.
If all seemed quiet and the indications favorable, he
returned to his house, and the patient was never
conscious of the visit. The tenderness and endur-
ing patience endeared him in an unusual degree to
those that depended upon his skill for themselves
or those dear to them.

During his many years of practice in Detroit,
many of the families to whom he had ministered
continuously had experienced various vicissitudes of
fortune ; to those to whom reverses had come he
was an unfailing friend — sympathy, counsel, medi-
cal service and help were given as freely and cheer-
fully as though prompt payment and future reward
depended upon it, and he possessed the love and
veneration of many of his patients.

Into his inner religious life few were admitted,
but it is known that the desire for a higher faith
was ever present. The integrity of his life and
intense scorn of sham or cant, gave to his manner,
at times, an austerity that might have impressed
strangers with an idea of harsh judgment and im-
patience of opposing opinions, but those that knew
him, knew how instantaneously and genially he
responded to any truth or goodness in the lives or
words of others, and how strongly he held to truth
wherever found.

Those who knew how bravely he responded in
his early manhood to the urgent call from cholera
infected Sandusky, and how unselfishly, without
thought of reward, he gave weeks of work and

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1087

nearly gave his life, honor him as his heroism de-
serves. It may be said of him that he was faithful
to every trust, faithful in every relation of life,
faithful to his own clear idea of right, and faithful to
the end.

He was married in 1849 to Miss Anna E. Coman,
of Luzerne, New York. She died in Detroit in
1859, and in 1861 he was married to Miss Mary L.
Kirby, daughter of Geo. Kirby of Detroit. He died
May 23, 1886, leaving his widow and four daughters,
Mrs. Louis Hayward and Misses Louise M., Lizzie
K. and Sarah B. Hastings.

EDWARD W. JENKS, physician and surgeon,
was born in Victor, Ontario County, New York, in
1833, and is the son of Nathan and Jane B. Jenks.
His father was of Quaker descent and a leading
merchant of Victor for many years, and became the
purchaser of large tracts of land in Northern Indiana,
particularly in LaGrange County, where he laid out
the village of Ontario. In 1843 he removed there
with his family, and established and endowed the La-
Grange Collegiate Institution, which for many years
maintained a high reputation in Indiana and adjoin-
ing States. At this institute Edward W. Jenks
received his earlier school training, which was sup-
plemented by instruction under private tutors.

He began the study of medicine in the medical
department of New York University, but before
completing the course his health failed and he was
obliged to return home. In July, 1855, he left
home, expecting, after spending a vacation in
New England, to resume his studies in New York
University, but was induced by friends to attend
the Castleton Medical College, which he did in the
latter part of the summer and autumn of 1855,
graduating in November, 1855, and immediately
proceeding to New York to carry out his long
cherished purpose ; but after remaining at the Uni-
versity about a month he found himself so much
enfeebled by long confinement and study that he
followed the advice of friends and returned home,
and was soon employed in a country practice,
which greatly improved his health. From 1853
to 1 864 he was engaged in the practice of medi-
cine in LaGrange County, Indiana, in the ad-
joining county of St. Joseph. Michigan, and in
Warsaw, New York, then the home of some of his
family. After the establishment of Bellevue Hos-
pital College in New York, chiefly owing to the fact
that his former preceptor, the distinguished surgeon
Dr. James R. Wood, was one of the professors in its
faculty, he entered this institution instead of return-
ing to the New York University. In 1 864 he received
the Ad Eundem degree from Bellevue Hospital Col-
lege, and during the same year removed to Detroit.
Here he rapidly secured a large practice and re-

ceived the recognition genuine ability is sure to
command. He was one of the founders and for
four years one of the editors of the Detroit Review
of Medicine, the predecessor of the present Ameri-
can Lancet, and in 1868 was elected Professor of
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, and President
of the Faculty of the Detroit Medical College, of
which institution he was the projector and one of
the founders. He held the chair of surgical
diseases of women in Bowdoin College, Maine, lec-
turing in that institution each year in the spring
months after the close of the college session in
Detroit. He resigned in 1875, owing solely to the
labor it involved. He was for many years surgeon
in the department for diseases of women in St.
Luke's and St. Mary's Hospital and consulting sur-
geon of the Woman's Hospital of Detroit. From
its organization till his resignation in 1872 he was
one of the physicians of Harper Hospital. For sev-
eral years he was Surgeon-in-Chief of the Michigan
Central Railroad and President of the Michigan
State Medical Society in 1873, and after his removal
to Chicago was elected an honorary member
thereof. He has also been President of the Detroit
Academy of Medicine, is an honorary member of
the Maine Medical Association, of the Ohio State
Medical Society, of the Toledo Medical Associa-
tion, the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society, the North-
western Medical Society of Ohio and of several minor
medical organizations. He is corresponding mem-
ber of the Gynecological Society of Boston, a Fellow
of the Obstetrical Society of London, England, an
active member and one of the founders of the
American Gynecological Society, and of the Detroit
Medical and Library Association. In 1878 he was
chairman of the obstetrical section of the American
Medical Association.

In 1879 Albion College conferred upon him the
honorary degree of LL.D , and in the same year he
was selected to fill the chair of medical and surgical
diseases of women and clinical gynecology in the
Chicago Medical College, which the distinguished
surgeon, Dr. W. H. By ford had resigned, to accept
a similar position in another medical college. The
selection of Dr. Jenks was warmly endorsed by
medical journals all over the country. The Michi-
gan Medical News said : " During the past year
a similar position has been offered him in no fewer
than three of the leading medical colleges in the
country, and his conclusion to go to Chicago is the
result of mature deliberation. While congratulat-
ing Dr. Jenks on his advancement, we cannot but
regret the removal from our midst which his
appointment will necessitate. During his residence
of fifteen years in this city Dr. Jenks, besides estab-
lishing a national reputation in his specialty, has
not been * without honor in his own country,' but

1088 AUTHORS. EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

has by his uniformly courteous demeanor and his
scholarly attainments won the respect and admira-
tion of the profession of this city. In leaving for
his new and enlarged field of labor he will carry
with him the kindest regards and the best wishes
of all with whom he has had either professional or
social relations. Few men remove from a place
and leave so few enemies behind." Dr. Jenks re-
moved to Chicago and entered upon his new field
of labor in October, 1879, and in addition to his
college duties, opened an office and soon estab-
lished a lucrative private practice. His health now
became impaired, and in 1882 he was obliged to
resign his position in the medical college. During
the same year he established a private hospital for
the treatment of the diseases of women at Geneva,
Illinois,'but continued to reside in Chicago. Suc-
cess followed his labors, but his health was not
equal to the strain, while the climate of Chicago
did not agree with him or with his family, and in
1884 he returned to Detroit, where he has since
resided. In 1888 he was nominated by the Medical
Faculty of Michigan University to fill the chair of
Obstetrics and Gynecology.

While Dr. Jenks has been successful as a general
practitioner, it is to the departments of obstetrics
and gynecology that he has devoted special atten-
tion, and in these departrnents he has gained a
national reputation as a skillful operator, teacher,
and author. His numerous articles on these sub-
jects have been widely circulated, and are consid-
ered valuable additions to medical literature.
Among the most important of these contributions
may be named : " The use of Viburnum Pruni-
folium in Diseases of Women," a paper read before
the American Gynecological Society, and reprinted
by nearly all American and very many European
medical journals ; *' The Cause of Sudden Death of
Puerperal Women," a paper read before the Ameri-
can Medical Association ; *' Perineorrhaphy, with
Special Reference to its Benefits in Slight Laceration
and a Description of a New Mode of Operating," "On
the Postural Treatment of Tympanites Intestinalis
following Ovariotomy," " The Relation of Goitre
to the Generative Organs of Women," "Atresia,"
a paper read before the Chicago Medical Society
in 1880; *' The Treatment of Puerperal Septicemia
by Intra-Uterine Injections, " The Practice of Gyne-
cology in Ancient Times," translated and published
in the Deutsche Archiv fiir Geschichte de'r Medi-
cin und Med. Geographic, by Dr. Kleinwachter, to
which an extended introduction is given, warmly
commending the research and investigation of Dr.
Jenks; "On Coccygodynia," a lecture before the
Chicago Medical Society in 1880; "New Mode of
Operating in Fistula in Ano," "Report of a Suc-
cessful Case of Caesarean Section after Seven Days'
Labor," "Contribution to Surgical Gynecology,"

read before the Illinois State Medical Society in
1882. He is also one of the contributors to I'ep-
per's System of Practical Medicine, one of the
largest treatises by American authors. During the
last year he has written two articles for the i- ystem
of American Gynecology, a work of two volumes
just prepared by well known specialists in this
branch of medical science. He is also a contributor
to the Physician's Leisure Library Series on the
" Disorders of Menstruation."

Some of the most distinguished members of
the medical profession have expressed in high terms
their appreciation of his professional excellence.
Said Dr. Ihaddeus A. Reamy,of Cincinnati : "His
reputation as a writer is so thoroughly interna-
tional that we need not speak of it, for I could
add nothing to it. His articles show great re-
search, especially in classic history along the line
of obstetrics and gynecological art and literature.
He has long since proved himself an able teacher.
He is a skillful operator in gynecological and ob-
stetric surgery." " I have known Dr. Jenks," says
Dr. W. H. By ford, "for many years as a writer,
teacher and gynecologist. His reputation in all
these IS national in extent."

In 1887 Dr. Jenks established a private home for
the medical and surgical treatment of diseases
of women, at 626 Fort Street West, known as
" Willow Lawn," putting into execution a plan
which he has long entertained. He has given
himself to his profession with undeviating atten-
tion, and has not allowed the allurements of public
or political life to come between him and his work.
His chief relaxation from professional duties is
found in study and investigation, ranging through
a wide range of literary subjects. His extensive
medical library is the result of patient, careful work
of years, and his varied collection of books reflects
a cultivated literary taste rarely found in one who
has gained distinction as a specialist. Naturally a
student, a lover of books, a great reader, and pos-
sessed of a fluent command of language, he is a
graceful writer, an entertaining lecturer, and an in-
structive conversationalist.

He is a strong, positive character, arrives at a con-
clusion after careful deliberation, but has the moral
courage to readily change a line of action when
convinced he is in the wrong. The social element in
his character is strong and conspicuous. Not that
he cares for what is generally termed society, but
in the little coterie where friend is knit to friend by
sincere affection, his light is always brilliant. He is
charitable, but with judicious selection and from a
sense of duty, and never with vulgar and ostenta-
tious parade. His home, his family, and all the
quiet comforts of the domestic circle are dear to
him. Here all the reserve of his nature among
strangers vanishes and he reveals the genial, social

^oc

w

u

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1089

side of his nature and that kindness of heart which
endears him to those who know him best.

He was first married in 1857 to a daughter of
J. H. Darling, of Warsaw, New York, who died
soon after his removal to Detroit. In 1867 he mar-
ried Sarah R. Joy, eldest daughter of James F. Joy.
They have two children, a son and a daughter.

HERMAN KIEFER, M. D., was born Novem-
ber 19, 1825, at Sulzburg, Grand Dukedom of
Baden, Germany, and is the only son of Dr. Conrad
and Frederica Schweyckert Kiefer. His academic
and professional studies were thorough and liberal.
He first attended the high school of Freiburg,
beginning at his ninth year, and afterwards in turn
those at Mannheim and Carlsruhe, completing his
preparatory course at the age of eighteen years.
He then began the study of medicine at the Uni-
versity of Freiburg, continued the following year at
Heidelberg, and later attended the medical institu-
tions at Prague and Vienna. At various times he
was under the instruction of such distinguished
masters of medical science as Arnold, Henle, Opp-
holzer, Stromeyer, Pitha, and Scanzoni. and in
May, 1849, was graduated with the highest honors
upon his examination before the State Board of
Examiners at Carlsruhe. Such a degree received
from such a source implies a prolonged and assidu-
ous study, which America is but now beginning to
appreciate, and, in a modified degree, to imitate in
its requirements. The venerable institutions at
which Dr. Kiefer spent fifteen years of his boyhood
and young manhood, stand before the educated
world as favorable examples of the vast and perfect
machinery, by the agency of which, Germany has
so well earned the name of being a nation of
scholars.

There is very slight probability that Dr. Kiefer
would ever have become an American but for one
agency— the same which has given to the United
States much of the best blood and best brains of
Germany — that of revolution. He had scarcely
received his doctorate when the revolution of 1849
occurred. In common with thousands of his fel-
lows among ^he educated youth of his country, he
embraced the side of the people with all the ardor
and enthusiasm of his years, flinging his future
carelessly aside to espouse the cause of a down-
trodden race, against the almost invincible power
of organized authority. He joined the volunteer
regiment of Emmendingen, and was at once ap-
pointed its surgeon. With that regiment he was
present at the battle of Phillipsburg, on June 20,
1849, and at that of Upstadt, on the twenty-third
of the same month. It was at the former engage-
ment that Prince Carl, afterwards Field-Marshal of

Germany, was wounded and narrowly escaped cap-

ture by the regiment to which Dr. Kiefer was
attached.

When the revolution was suppressed, Dr. Kiefer,
in common with thousands of others, was com-
pelled to flee the consequences of his patriotic ser-
vice. He took refuge in the city of Strasburg, then
under the dominion of the French Republic, of
which Louis Napoleon was President. Even there
he did not find a safe asylum, for the Republic de-
clined to shelter the refugees from Baden. . The
spies of Napoleon— a tyrant under the cloak of
popular leadership — discovered his place of con-
cealment, arrested him, and he was again compelled
to fly. Making his way to the sea-board he took
passage upon a sailing vessel for the United States,
leaving port August 18, and arriving in New York
on the nineteenth day of September, 1849.

America was then far less cosmopolitan than
now, and lacked much of having attained its pres-
ent advanced standard of professional and general
scientific attainment. It did not present a promis-
ing field to a highly educated German, and we can
imagine that the necessity for leaving behind him
the possibilities of success and distinction in his*^
own country must have been a bitter one to an
ambitious young man, fresh from the scholastic
atmosphere of Heidelberg and the gaiety of Vienna.
Still, there was no question of the necessity, and he
made the best of it. After a brief sojourn in New
York, he turned his face westward, intending to
estabHsh himself permanently in St. Louis. On
the way, however, he met a countryman who had
lived for several years at Detroit, and was led to
change his intention and turn aside to that place.

The population of Detroit in the autumn of 1 849
•was little more than twenty thousand. Michigan
was still provincial, and neither social nor business
methods had outgrown the crudity of its earlier
days. Less than five months before, Dr. Kiefer
had stood before the state examiners at Carlsruhe,
and received his diploma, with no other thought
than that he should live, w^ork, and die in Father-
land. Since then he had been a soldier, a fugitive,
and now found himself, by force of circumstances,
an alien in tongue and blood, facing fortune in a
very American western city.

He opened an office for the practice of his pro-
fession on October 19, 1849, and. in spite of all his
disadvantages, soon won a pronounced success.
His practice, almost from the first, was sufficient
for his needs, and grew year by year, until it came
to be exceedingly absorbing and lucrative.

Dr. Kiefer has always held very dear, and given
every efTort to preserve the spirit and the literature
of the Teutonic race. That he is also a thorough and
loyal American is only an apparent anomaly. His
devotion to the country which gave him shelter in

icgo AUTHORS, p:ditors, publishers, physicians, military officers.

his exile, is not at all impeached by his desire to see
the language, the grand literature, and the social
and historical traditions of Germany, perpetuated
among his compatriots.

He has always taken a deep interest in educa-
tional matters. He was one of the founders of the
German- American seminary, a school incorporated
by the State for finished instruction in all depart-
ments of learning, to be given equally in the Ger-
man and English language, so far as practicable or
desirable. Of this institution he was President and
Treasurer from the time of its foundation, in 1861,
until 1872, when he resigned, and severed all con-
nection with it, because of a disagreement with
other members upon what he regarded as a vital
matter of educational ethics. It has always been
his belief that no teaching of religious doctrine or
creed should be introduced into school instruction.
His associates proposed to make the seminary a
sectarian institution, and his withdrawal was the
consequence.

During the years 1866 and 1867 Dr. Kiefer was
a member of the Detroit Board of Education, and
used his utmost influence to induce that body to
introduce the teaching of German into the public
schools of the city. He made repeated efforts in
this direction, urging his point upon the grounds of
the practical utility of the language, and also as a
right which German citizens were justified in de-
manding. In spite, however, of his utmost efforts,
he failed to secure the desired legislation.

In 1882 Dr. Kiefer was elected a member of the
Public Library Commission, to fill a vacancy for a
period of one year;" in 1883 he was re-elected for
the full term of six years. When he assumed this
office there were very few German books in the
library, and the fine and thoroughly representative
collection of works in that language now upon the
shelves, was almost entirely selected and purchased
under his personal supervision. Considering the
number of volumes and the sum expended, it
would be difficult to find a library which better
illustrates the thought and literary methods of Ger-
many, in science, history, and the belles lettres, and
Dr. Kiefer deserves the thanks, not only of Germans,
but of all scholars and investigators, for the import-
ant service thus rendered.

Dr. Kiefer is a member of the Wayne County
and the State Medical Societies and the American
Medical Association. He is recognized at home
and by physicians throughout the country as a skill-
ful, successful, and scientific physician. Until
recently he has been devoted to his practice with
the greatest assiduity, finding time only for the
public services mentioned. This close attention to
his professional duties has prevented his making
any elaborate contributions to medical literature,

but his papers in various periodicals devoted to the
interests of his profession, have been many, and
have done no little to spread his reputation in other
cities and States.

For many years Dr. Kiefer has held a repre-
sentative position among the German citizens of
Detroit and Michigan, and has, upon all occasions,
been their champion. In all his public life he has
endeavored, by tongue and pen, to convince the
public that the German born population of the
United States should be respected as fully equal to
the native born people. He claims nothing for his
countrymen as Germans, but as citizens of the
United States defends their rights to the fullest
political and social recognition. Among the claims
which he makes for them are recognition of their
language and social customs, and the right to pur-
sue their happiness in any way which shall not
infringe upon the equally sacred rights and liberties
of others. In his own family Dr. Kiefer has paid a
tribute to Germany by insisting upon the exclusive
use of its language, and this influence he has sup-
plemented by educating several of his children in
the schools of his native land.

He has been an active member of many of the
German societies of Detroit, and has represented
his countrymen upon various important occasions.
He took a prominent place at the Singers' Festival
held at Detroit in 1857 ; at the festival commemo-
rative of Schiller's centennial in the year 1859; at
the festival of Humboldt in 1869; and in 1871,
when all German America was wild with joy at the
successful ending of the Franco-German war, he
acted as President and orator of the day at the
peace celebration held by the German citizens of
Detroit on the first day of May.

In politics Dr. Kiefer has been a steadfast and
consistent Republican since the organization of that
party in 1854. There is nothing in his character
that would render "trimming" or vacillation pos-
sible to him, no matter how dearly his political
allegiance might cost him. During the futile cam-
paign made by the Republicans in 1854, he was
chairman of the German Republican executive
committee of the State of Michigan. In 1872 he
was one of the Presidential electors of the State,
and in 1876 was a delegate to the Republican Na-
tional Convention held at Cincinnati. At that
convention, when after four ineffective ballots the
delegates were seeking to unite upon a compromise
candidate, he was influential in inducing the Michi-
gan delegation to give their united support to Ruth-
erford B. Hayes. In every Presidential campaign
from 1854 until 1880, he worked actively for the
success of the Republican party, going upon the
stump and exerting his influence very effectively
among the German citizens of the State. He is an

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 109I

eloquent speaker, recognized by all as holding his
opinions with as much honesty as tenacity, and his
leading position among his compatriots gives him
an influence which has been invaluable to the Re-
publican party.

In spite of his long and arduous service. Dr.
Kiefer has held but one federal office, and that very
recently. During the month of July, 1883, he was
appointed by President Arthur Consul to Stettin.
Once before, in 1873, he had revisited his native
land, spending six months in travel, but his return
as an official representative of the United States to
the Fatherland, which he left as a political fugitive
less than twenty-five years before, was an especial
gratification to him.

The office, too, was much to his taste. He did
not make a holiday of his residence at Stettin, but
gave a close attention to his duties and an intelli-
gent study to political, social and trade conditions,
the results of which he transmitted to the Secretary
of State in a large number of valuable reports,
many of which were published by the Government.
Among these may be named his " Report on Beet
Sugar," published in Volume XXXIX of the United
States Consular Reports ; " Report on Base Burn-
ers," in Volume XL ; *' Report on the Extension of
European Trade in the Orient," in Volume XLII ;
" Report on American Trade with Stettin," in Vol-
ume XL VI ; " Report on Agricultural Machinery,"
in Volume XLVIII ; " How Germany is Governed,"
in Volume L ; "Report on Labor in Europe," pub-
lished by the Department of State in a separate
volume. These are by no means all the reports
made by Dr. Kiefer, during an official service of
but eighteen months, and they furnish a sufficient
evidence of the activity and zeal with which he per-
formed his duties.

Upon the election of a Democratic president, Dr.
Kiefer was one of the first officials to resign his
office. This he did in a characteristic letter, ad-
dressed to the Department of State immediately
after the election, and while the cabinet, of course,
was still Republican, in which he expressed his
unwillingness either to be "a victim of the political
guillotine or to see civil service reform managed by
the Democrats."

On the twenty-first of January, 1885, he retired
from his office. For several months thereafter he
remained in Europe, traveling extensively upon the
continent. In September of the same year fie
returned to America, and, upon his arrival at Detroit,
was complimented with two formal receptions — one
tendered by his fellow physicians and the other by
German residents of the city. He brought with
bim, from his brief official life, an enviable reputa-
tion for the zeal and ability with which he had dis-

charged its duties. During 1886 he made a pro-
longed visit to California.

Dr. Kiefer was reared a Protestant, but his views
have greatly changed, and he now disavows any
religious belief, holding that every individual must
be judged purely by his own acts.

Soon after coming to America, Dr. Kiefer was
joined by his mother, who was accompanied by
Francesca Kehle, to whom he was affianced in Ger-
many. The two were married July 21, 1850.
During the year 185 1 his father also came to Detroit,
but both father and mother returned to the old
country after a brief residence in America. Dr. and
Mrs. Kiefer have passed together nearly thirty-six
happy and prosperous years. They have had seven
sons and two daughters, and of these five sons and
one daughter are now living. These children are :
Alfred K. Kiefer, who is connected with the Wayne
County Savings Bank of Detroit; Arthur E., Man-
ager of the Detroit Edge Tools Works ; Edwin H.,
a resident of New York ; Edgar L., of the firm of
Kiefer & Heyn, of Detroit; Minnie C, the wife of
Dr. C. Bonning, Dr. Kiefer's partner, and Guy
Lincoln, now at Ann Arbor University.

For the foregoing biography we are indebted to
the Magazine of Western History.

ALEXANDER MACOMB, Major-General U.
S. A., was born in Detroit on April 3, 1782, and
was the son of Alexander Macomb, a prominent
merchant of Detroit in Revolutionary days. His
mother's maiden name was Catharine Navarre. He
received a good education and in 1779 was enrolled
as one of the " New York Rangers," a volunteer col-
onial corps. He subsequently served on the staff of
General North, and with General Wilkinson in the
southwest, and was for a time connected with the
Academy at West Point, where he compiled a
treatise on martial law% which was published in
1809.

He became a Captain in 1805, a Major in 1808,
commanded an artillery corps in 181 2, and won
special renown at the battle of Plattsburgh in Sep-
tember, 1 814, receiving the thanks of Congress,
accompanied by a gold medal. From 181 5 to 1821
he was in command of Military District No. 5, with
head-quarters at Detroit. In 1821 he was made
Chief Engineer of the Army and removed to
Washington. Before leaving Detroit he was pre-
sented by the citizens with a silver tankard and
several engravings as a testimonial of their esteem
and regret at his departure. In 1835 he was made
Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the United
States. He was universally respected as a model
and accomplished soldier, a worthy and honorable

1092 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

citizen and a useful and agreeable friend. He was
married on July i8, 1803, to his cousin, Catharine
Macomb, the third daughter of Wm. Macomb, of
Detroit. She died in September, 1822, and on
April 27, 1827, at Georgetown, D. C, he married
Mrs. Harriet Balch Wilson. He had twelve chil-
dren, as follows : Catharine, wife of John Mason,
of Virginia ; Alexandrine, wife of General Henry
Stanton, U. S. A; Czarina Carolina, wife of Gen-
eral John Navarre Macomb, the sixth child of J. N.
Macomb and Christina Livingston; Alexander Sara-
nac, husband of Susan Kearney, daughter of Gen-
eral Philip Kearney, of New York; William Henry
Alexander, husband of Mary Eliza Stanton, second
daughter of General Henry Stanton ; Jane Octavia,
wife of Lieutenant Morris L. Miller, U. S. Artillery,
and Sarah, married first to Captain H. W. Stanton,
of the U. S. Dragoons, and after his death to J. C.
Devereux Williams, of Detroit. The other chil-
dren, Robert Kennedy, Alexander Catawba, Anna
Matilda, Francis Alexander Napoleon and Oc-
tavia Eliza were unmarried. Only Mrs. Alexan-
drine Stanton and Mrs. Jane Octavia Miller are
living.

General Macomb died in Washington on June 25,
1 841.

FREDERICK MORLEY, the Nestor among the
newspaper publishers of Detroit, was born in Derby,
England, December 23, 1 82 1 . His father was a Bap-
tist minister and with his family came to this country
in 1830. Their first home was in Wayne County,
New York, and in an adjoining county, at Seneca
Falls, Mr. Morley learned the " art preservative of
all arts." In 1841, when only nineteen years of age,
he became one of the, publishers of the Wayne
County Whig, issued at Lyons, New York^ and four
years later, in May, 1845, ^^ Palmyra, in the same
county, he established a new paper named the
Courier.

In 1853 he left New York State and came to
Detroit, and a few months later engaged with
Rufus Hosmer in the editorial management of the
Detroit Inquirer, which was first issued on January
18, 1854. During his connection with the Inquirer
he had much to do with the work that inspired the
Republican movement of 1854 and brought it to
the front, and in point of fact is one of the several
fathers of the Republican party.

Mr. Morley retained his position with the paper
until a month or two prior to its consolidation with
the Free Democrat, when he left to engage in the
book and stationery trade, under the firm name of
Kerr, Morley & Company. His love for the edi-
torial tripod soon took him back into the profession,
and in 1858 he became editor and publisher of the
Daily Advertiser, and continued in the position

until near the close of the year 1861, when he sold
out his interest to Messrs. Geiger and Scripps.

In May, 1862, he was appointed Assistant Adju-
tant General under the administration of (iOvernor
Blair, and initiated and organized the system which
gave to the State its detailed military record, and
after five years in the office, in April, 1867, he
retired. In the meantime the Daily Post had been
established as a Republican paper by persons who
were dissatisfied with the management of the
Advertiser and Tribune. It was edited by Carl
Schurz, and the first issue was dated March 27,
1866. Differences, however, arose between him and
the stockholders, and after serving one year, on
March i, 1867, Mr. Morley became his successor
and also had the care of the business management,
continuing in charge of the paper for nine years, or
up to January i, 1876.

During this period it is safe to say that no other
paper in Detroit approached the Post in complete-
ness of its news, attractiveness of its make-up and
general typographic excellence, and as a stalwart
Republican organ it was never excelled. While at
the head of the Daily Post, Mr Morley also from
1 87 1 to 1876, served as Register of the United
States Land Office of Detroit. After leaving the
paper he was appointed by President Grant and
confirmed by the Senate, as Consul General to
Egypt, but personal reasons induced him to decHne
the position.

During 1881 and 1882 he served as Commis-
sioner of Immigration for the State of Michigan, and
in the discharge of his duties aided by the efficient
and accomplished Assistant Commissioner, Charles
K. Backus, prepared the most complete compen-
dium of the advantages and resources of the State
ever issued. It was circulated very extensively,
especially in the Eastern States, and probably no
public document was ever of more service to the
State.

In the fall of 1883 he became editor and business
manager of the Post and Tribune, and held the
position until August, i, 1884, when he withdrew
from active participation in the conduct of any
newspaper. He ever and anon, however, finds
himself writing out some interesting reminiscences,
and his matter is so instructive and entertaining,
and style so clear and captivating, that whatever he
is willing to write, the public are willing to read.

Always unpretentious and always able and ready
to convey information upon many subjects of inter-
est, he is an excellent conversationalist and has the
rare gift of being an equally good listener, and is
thus doubly qualified to serve his friends and asso-
ciates. He was married at Lyons, New York, on
January 12, 1843, to Eleanor Ninde, daughter of
Rev. Wm. Ninde, a Protestant Episcopal minister

•^

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AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1093

of Maryland, and aunt of Bishop W. X. Ninde of
the Methodist Episcopal Church.

ROLLIN CHARLES OLIN, M. D.. of Detroit,
was born near Waukesha, Wisconsin, August 17,
1 839 His parents, Thomas H. and Sarah (Church)
Olin, were of Welsh-Irish descent, and their ances-
tors settled in Vermont at an early date. The
great-great-grandfather of R. C. Olin settled in
Rhode Island, and was a revolutionary soldier
under General Greene. Thomas H. Olin was a
farmer, and when his son was five years old, re-
moved with his family to Waukesha, and was for
several years engaged in the milling business. He
afterwards settled on a farm in Northfield. Minne-
sota, where he remained Until a short time before
his death, in July, 1883. His wife is still living and
resides with her son in Detroit.

R. C. Olin remained at home during his earlier
years, receiving the best educational advantages
that the schools of his native place afforded, and
subsequently attending for one year Carroll College
at Waukesha. He then decided to adopt the calling
of a teacher, and as a preparation to that end en-
tered the State Normal School at Winona, Minne-
sota. At the end of his second term the war of the
rebellion began, and in August, 1 861, he enlisted as
a private in Company B, of the Third Minnesota
Infantry. Promotions to a Second Lieutenancy and
then to a First Lieutenancy soon after followed, and
while acting in the latter capacity he took part in
the battles of Pittsburgh Landing, Shiloh, and Mur-
freesboro. In the last named engagement his regi-
ment was captured, and all of the officers then pres-
ent except Lieutenant Olin and two others, were
sent to Libby Prison. Lieutenant Olin was paroled
with the regiment and sent to the parole barracks
at St. Louis, remaining until September, 1862, when
the regiment, wdth himself as the only commis-
sioned officer present for duty, was ordered to the
Minnesota frontier to aid in subduing an insurrec-
tion of the Sioux Indians, his command forming
part of the Army of the Northwest, commanded by
General Pope. During the campaign Lieutenant
Olin was appointed Judge Advocate of the military
commission which tried four hundred Sioux In-
dians for insurrection, twenty-eight of whom w^ere
executed. While acting as commander of the
regiment in the notable encounters at Yellow
Medicine and Lone Tree Lane, where many Union
soldiers were killed, Lieutenant Olin attracted the
favorable attention of General Sibley, and after this
campaign he was appointed on his stafT as Adjutant
General, with the rank of Captain, and served in
this capacity during General Sibley's subsequent
expedition against the Indians on the Missouri River
in 1863, in which three pitched battles were fought.

In the winter of 1862-3, General Sibley took up
his headquarters at St. Paul, Minn., where he re-
mained until the opening of the campaign in May,
1863. In September he returned to St. Paul,
where he remained until relieved by General John
M. Corse, to whose staff Captain Olin was trans-
ferred. In February, 1865, Captain Olin resigned
from the army and in the spring of the same year
he went to Savannah, Georgia, with the intention
of embarking in the lumber business, but being
unable to secure a favorable opening, returned to
St. Paul, and in partnership with E. H. Burrit estab-
lished a bookstore, which was continued until 1 868,
w^hen he went to Owatonna, and for four years was
employed as teller of a bank. He then came to
Detroit and began the study of medicine, and after
a full course of instruction in the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of Michigan, he graduated
in 1877. He adopted the homoeopathic school of
medicine, and immediately after graduation entered
upon the duties of his profession in Detroit, and in
a comparatively few years has gained an extensive
practice, being remarkably successful.

He is possessed of unusual power of applica-
tion, quick discernment, and is ready in analysis,
qualities that are specially helpful in medical prac-
tice. He is essentially a family physician, and
enjoys in a marked degree the confidence and
respect which should be possessed by those holding
such a relation. His success is largely due to the
devotion with which he has adhered to his work,
and to the trust his ability and conscientious fidelity,
have inspired in his patients. The tenets of his
medical principles are founded on broad, liberal, and
honest convictions, and he is far removed from the
unjustifiable prejudices which animate many of his
profession. He is a member of the College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Michigan, and of the
Homoeopathic Medical Society. His standing, and
the regard in which he is held by his professional
brethren in the State, was attested by his election
as President of the State Society in May, 1887, and
he is also a member of the military order of the
Loyal Legion.

The rapid growth of his practice, and the demand
it has made upon his time, have given him little op-
portunity for work outside of his professional duties,
but he takes a commendable interest in all projects
of a public nature. He is a Republican in politics,
and is in hearty accord with the efforts of his party.
He is of a sanguine temperament, kindly and genial
in nature, and a citizen of irreproachable character.
Among the members of the medical fraternity of
Detroit, of every school of practice, he is no less
respected for professional attainments than for his
personal worth.

He was married at St. Paul, Minnesota, on Octo-

1094 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

ber 30, 1865, to Georgie A. Dailey. She died at
Detroit on September 8, 1881, and on June 15, 1887,
he married Grace Eugenie Hillis, of Syracuse, New
York.

JOHN PULFORD, Colonel United States Army
and Brevet Brigadier-General, was born in New
York City, July 4, 1837, and is the seventh son of
Edward and Sarah Lloyd (Avis) Pulford ; the
former a native of Norwich and the latter of Bris-
tol, England. They emigrated to New York City in
1833, and in 1838 removed to Essex county, Ontario,
and engaged in farming.

John Pulford was educated in the public schools
and when thirteen years of age came to Detroit ;
sailed on the lakes in the summer and in the winter
read law. In 1854 he became proprietor of a hotel
and continued the business until the breaking out
of the civil war, when he and Edward T. Sherlock
organized a military company, tendered their ser-
vices to the General Government and Mr. Pulford
was appointed First Lieutenant in the Fifth Michi-
gan Volunteer Infantry. He entered upon service
June 19, 1 861, in the camp of instruction at Fort
Wayne, Michigan, where he remained until Sep-
tember II, and was then with his regiment ordered
to the front. During the fall and winter following
he aided in constructing Forts Richardson and Lyon,
part of the defenses of Washington south of the
Potomac. In March, 1862, he left with the Army
of the Potomac for Fortress Monroe, Virginia,
doing camp and picket duty in front of Hampton.
In April, 1862, he moved with his company and
regiment to Yorktown and assisted in the construc-
tion of earthworks, preparatory to laying siege to that
place, and while there performed important picket
duty. At Williamsburgh,Virginia, on May 5, he par-
ticipated in a charge on the enemy at the point of the
bayonet, and captured the works and a number of
prisoners. In this charge over three hundred Con-
federates were killed by the bayonet in front of his
regiment, and soon after this engagement he was pro-
moted to a Captaincy. He took part in the battle of
Fair Oaks, his company acting as skirmishers, and
losing heavily. He was also engaged in all the move-
ments of the Army of the Potomac in the seven
days' fight before Richmond, including Peach Or-
chard, Charles City, Cross Roads, and Malvern Hill.

Soon after he went into action on the morning of
July I, he was struck by a partially spent cannon-
.ball which fractured his collar-bone and broke his
jaw. He was left on the battle-field for dead, cap-
tured by the enemy and taken to Richmond, where
he was kept a prisoner for eighteen days, when he
was exchanged and taken to the hospital at Balti-
more. After ten w^eeks spent in the hospital, he
was so far reco\tred as to be able to return to duty.

His friends had procured a detail for him on the
recruiting service, but he refused to listen to any
proposition which would take him away from his
command and active field duty. On the 13th of
December he was in the battle of Fredericksburgh,
remaining on the battle-field until the i6th.

His company and regiment suffered severely
during this engagement, and the regimental com-
mander having been killed. Captain Pulford, al-
though one of the junior captains, -was soon after-
ward appointed Major, the officers of the regi-
ment having petitioned the Governor for his promo-
tion. He took part in what is known as Burn-
side's mud march, in the Battle of the Cedars, on
May 2, 1863, in which he assisted in the capture of
the Twenty-third Georgia Infantry ; and in the bril-
liant night charge when Stonewall Jackson was
killed. This was one of the shortest and most ter-
rific encounters of the war, as the charge was made
to reopen communication with the army from which
the Third Corps had been cut off late in the even-
ing. The next day he was engaged in the battle of
Chancellorsville, where Lieutenant-Colonel E. T.
Sherlock was killed, after which Major Pulford
assumed command of the regiment, although suffer-
ing severely from a w^ound he had received.

The officers of his regiment now petitioned the
Government to appoint him Lieutenant-Colonel of
the regiment, and he w^as appointed, his commis-
sion dating from Ma}'- 3, 1 863, He was next engaged
with his command in several skirmishes with the
enemy on the march to Gettysburgh, and opened
the engagement at that place in front of the First
Division, Third Corps. After the regiment had
been assembled from the skirmish line, they fought
as heavy infantry in almost a hand to hand con-
flict, and Colonel Pulford was severely wounded in
the thigh and slightly in the right hand, and his
horse was killed, but the Colonel did not leave the
field nor his command. Of the fourteen officers of
his regiment present in this battle, eleven were
either killed or wounded. The brigade commander,
in his report of this engagement, says : " The un-
flinching bravery of the Fifth Michigan, which sus-
tained a loss of more than one-half of its members
without yielding a foot of ground, deserves to be
especially commended."

Colonel Pulford with his regiment, also partici-
pated in the battle of Wapping Heights, the regi-
ment acting as flankers and skirmishers during
the march from Gettysburgh to White Sulphur
Springs. On the i6th of August, 1863, he went in
command of his regiment, to New York City, as a
guard against threatened resistance to the draft,
and thence to Troy, for the same purpose, return-
ing to the Army of the Potomac, September 18,
1863, He was in command through the actions at

Vv./, //^.

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AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. IO95

Auburn Heights, Kelly's Ford, Locust Grove and
Mine Run. His regiment having re-enlisted as a
veteran organization, Colonel Pulford took it to
Detroit, where a public reception was given them.
They returned to the Army of the Potomac on the
19th of February, 1864, and Colonel Pulford partici-
pated in all the actions and movements of that army,
including the battle of the Wilderness, at which time
he was severely wounded, his back being broken
and both his arms partially disabled. On June
loth, 1864, he was appointed Colonel of the Fifth
Michigan Veteran Volunteers Infantry, Colonel
Beech having been mustered out of the service on
account of having been absent from duty two years
by reason of wounds received. The Third Michi-
gan Infantry Volunteers having been consolidated
with the Fifth Michigan Infantry, Colonel Pulford
commanded the regiment in the siege of Peters-
burgh, from June 27, 1864, to April 3, 1865. Dur-
ing the greater portion of the time he was in com-
mand of Fort Davis, having as a garrison the Fifth
Michigan Infantry, the First Regiment of United
States Sharp-shooters, the One Hundred and Fifth
Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry and a battery of
artillery.

He was general officer of the day for the Second
Corps at the engagement at Deep Bottom, Virginia ;
was engaged at Petersburgh, July 30, command-
ing the Second Brigade, Third Division, Second
Corps; he commanded Birney's Division of the
Tenth Corps, for a short time, at the battle of
Strawberry Plains, Virginia ; the Fifth Michigan at
the Battle of Poplar Springs' Church ; the first line
of battle of the Second Brigade, Third Division,
Second Corps, at Boydton Plank Road, October
27, 1864, where he was wounded in the right knee.
At Hatcher's Run, on March 25, 1865, he com-
manded the Fifth Michigan, together with the First
Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and at Sailors'
Creek and New Stone, Virginia, the Fifth Michigan
Infantry, and was general officer of the day for the
Third Division, Second Corps, at the surrender of
the insurgent armies at Appomattox Court House,
April 9, 1865. ^^ June, of the same year, he was
appointed by the President, Brigadier -General of
the United States Volunteers, by brevet, to rank as
such from the 30th of March, 1865, " for gallantry
in action and efficiency in the line of duty and
commissioned to date, March 13, 1865, for good
conduct and meritorious services during the war."
After the general review of the armies of the
United States at Washington, he proceeded in
command of the Fifth Michigan and several other
Western regiments, to Louisville, Kentucky, and
commanded the First Brigade, provisional division,
Army of the Tennessee, at Jeffersonville, Indiana.
The Fifth Michigan Regiment, having been mus-

tered out of service on July 5, 1865, he brought it
to Detroit, where it was disbanded on July 17th.

Returning to private life, in October following
Colonel Pulford was admitted to the bar, but hav-
ing acquired a strong taste for military life, he
applied for a commission in the regular army, and
on February 23, 1866, was appointed Second, and
afterwards First Lieutenant, Nineteenth Unfted
States Infantry, being assigned to the command of
Company G., third battalion of that regiment. On
the 28th of April following he was stationed at
Newport Barracks, Kentucky. He was in com-
mand of his company en route to and at Little
Rock, Arkansas, until August 3, and was soon
after assigned to the command of the post at Du-
vall's Bluff, Arkansas. On the 21st of September
he was transferred to the Thirty-seventh United
States Infantry, stationed at Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas, and engaged in General Hancock's expe-
dition against hostile Indians, and commanded a
detachment of troops who were guarding the
United States mail route from Indians, between
Forts Lyon and Aubrey, Kansas. He was Acting
Quartermaster, Commissary of Subsistence and Dis-
bursing Officer from November i, 1867, until ]\Tay
31, 1869. He was awaiting orders and on recon-
struction duty in Mississippi until December 13,
1869 ; on recruiting duty at Newport Barracks and
Atlanta, Georgia, and awaiting orders until Decem-
ber, 1870.

Under section 32 of the Act of Congress, ap-
proved July 28, 1866, on a record of six wounds
received in action, he was retired on the rank of
Colonel United States Army. He risked his person,
as an officer, in double as many engagements and
actually commanded a regiment in more battles
than the oldest regiment of the regular United
States army ever participated in from the time of
the original organization of the army in 1790. He
received four out of six wounds while doing another
officer's duty in battle. In 1873 he w^as appointed
by Governor Bagley as Judge Advocate of Michi-
gan. He was reduced to the rank of a Lieutenant-
Colonel by the operation of the so-called " Craw-
ford Act," of IVJarch 3, 1875, and unjustly remained
for several years under the mortification of being
reduced from a rank fairly w^on by conspicuous gal-
lantry and a steady fidelity to duty which resulted
in a permanent disability of the severest and most
painful character.

His disability being fully proved by the testimony
of the late Dr. D. O. Farrand, as w^ell by other
eminent surgeons, on a showing of the facts to
Congress, that body very justly, by a special act on
March 13, 1878, restored him to the rank of Colo-
nel United States Army retired. It is eminently
true that he possesses an army record that many a

IC96 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

West Pointer might covet. In 1856, he married
Sarah L. Lee, daughter of Peter Lee, of Detroit.
She died in 1875, leaving one son and three
daughters. In 1883 Colonel Pulford married Mrs.
Emma Cady, daughter of Alexander Cady. a mer-
chant of Rochester, New York. They have one
son, John Pulford, Jr.

WILLIAM EMORY QUINBY was born in the
town of Brewer, Maine, December 14, 1835. His
father's name was Daniel Franklin Quinby and his
mother's maiden name, Arazina Reed. They were
married in 1834 and moved to Detroit in 1850,
where he, in connection with J. K. Wellman, estab-
lished a periodical known as Wellman's Literary
Miscellany. Mr. Quinby had charge of the editor-
ial department and secured a list of contributions
that would be notable even in this day of greatly
increased literary activity. In 1851 Mr. Quinby
became one of the owners and in 1853 sole pro-
prietor. The magazine was subsequently sold to
other parties and finally discontinued.

These facts indicate a natural beginning of the
literary tastes of William E. Quinby. Coming with
his father, he attended the literary department in
connection with Gregory's Commercial College, in
the Odd Fellows' Hall on Woodward Avenue, and
was also employed in the office of " The Miscel-
lany." After his father sold the magazine he
entered the University at Ann Arbor and graduated
in the class of 1858. He then took up the study of
law and the following year was admitted to the bar,
and for part of two years practiced his profession.
His inclinations, however, were towards literary
work, and when in 1861 Wilbur F. Storey, then
publisher of The Free Press, tendered him a position
on the paper, he gladly accepted the offer and since
then his connection with the paper has been con-
tinuous.

In 1 86 1 Henry N, Walker became proprietor
and he made Mr. Quinby managing editor, and
in 1863 Mr. Quinby purchased a quarter interest
in the paper. In 1872 Mr Walker retired from
the active business management and Mr. Quinby
was chosen general manager. He soon purchased
another quarter of the stock of the corporation and
in January, 1875, bought a large part of the remain-
ing stock, and since that date has been the chief
owher and manager, and under his direction The
Free Press has attained a circulation and influence
enormously in advance of any previously possessed.
His plans and management have made the paper
and the city in which it is published a household
name, not only in all parts of the United States,
but in the British Isles as well, and indeed all over
the world where there are any large number of
English speaking people, and in this respect it is

without a rival in either England or America. The
success attained by Mr. Quinby indicates the posses-
sion of extraordinary executive ability, rare literary
and commercial foresight, great comprehensiveness
of detail, a fine sense of adaptation of means to an
end, and a distinct and definite grasp of all the
forces needed to insure success, and the paper of
which he is the head, with its Detroit and London
editions, has achieved a success that is without a
parallel. Only clear, practical and well devised
plans could have secured the result that has been
obtained.

Personally -Mr. Quinby is as modest as he is
energetic. He seems destitute of self-assurance
but is full of nerve and confidence ; is always suave,
patient, methodical and at the helm. He is a warm
friend, an agreeable companion, a graceful writer
and reliable in judgment. He was married on
April 4, i860, to Adeline Frazer. They have six
children, namely : Theodofe E., who is one of the
editorial staff of the Free Press, Henry W., Wini-
fred, Herbert, Florence and Evelyn.

JAMES E. SCRIPPS was born in London,
England, March 19, 1835, and is the son of James
Moggs and Ellen Mary (Saunders) Scripps. The
records of Trinity parish, Ely, Cambridgeshire, Eng-
land, as far back as 1609, contain the names of
members of the family, who then spelled their
name Crip and Crips, but as early as 1633 they
began to spell it as it is now written. The father
of J. E. Scripps was a bookbinder and emigrated to
America with his family in 1844, settling in Rush-
ville, Illinois, where, on November 26, 1844, he mar-
ried, as his third wife, Julia Adeline Osborn, who
was born at Ogdensburgh, New York. He pos-
sessed great mechanical ingenuity, coupled with
rare skill, a high order of intelligence, and was of
irreproachable character ; he died at Rushville on
May 12, 1873.

James E. Scripps came to Detroit from Chicago
in 1859. In October, 1861, he, with M. Geiger and
S. M. Holmes, became proprietors of the Daily
Advertiser, and in July, 1862, Mr. Scripps was made
general manager. In February, 1865, he purchased
a large amount of additional stock, and under his
management the paper was very successful. Be-
lieving that he saw a favorable opening for a cheap
evening paper, he retired from the Advertiser, and
on August 23, 1873, issued the first number of the
Detroit Evening News. The paper was almost
immediately successful, and its circulation increased
so enormously and constantly that he soon made
an ampfle fortune, and his wealth is constantly
increasing.

He is inclined to liberality, and has made large
gifts to the Museum of Art, and in many ways has

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1097

been a helpful factor in promoting the growth of
the city. In addition to his regular literary work,
he was one of the publishers in 1873 of a very
complete State Gazetteer, and the same year issued
an outline History of Michigan in pamphlet form.
His letters from Europe, printed in the Evening
News during 1881, were republished in book form
in 1882, under the title of "Five Months Abroad."
He was married at Detroit on September 16, 1862,
to Harriet Josephine Messinger. They have had
tive children, four of whom are now living. Their
names are Ellen Warren, Anna Virginia, James
Francis, and Grace Messinger Scripps.

JOHN P. SHELDON, founder of the Detroit
Gazette, the first successful newspaper published
in Detroit, was born in 1792, and came to the city
from Rochester. New York, in 181 7. Prior to his
arrival here, he had served in the militia during the
war of 181 2, and in 18 14 was working as a printer
in Utica, removing from there to Rochester, and
then to Detroit.

During Mr. Sheldon's management of the Gazette,
he maintained a very independent attitude, and on
one occasion, for certain strictures upon the Supreme
Court of the Territory, he was fined, hut refusing
to pay the fine he was arrested and confined in
jail. The fine was subsequently paid by his friends,
and he was released. While in jail he continued
to edit his paper, and his connection with it was
continuous until 1 830, when the office of the paper
was destroyed by fire, and the publication ceased.
On June 2, 1831, within a month after it was first
issued, Mr. Sheldon became editor of the Detroit
Free Press, remaining about six months.

In 1833 he was appointed Superintendent of the
lead mines west of the Mississippi, and removed to
Willow Springs, Wisconsin. From 1835, to 1840
he served as Register of the United States Land
Office, at Mineral Point, Wisconsin, and subse-
quently for many years was a clerk in one of the
departments in Washington, resigning in 1861.

During his residence at Detroit he held various
public offices, serving as one of the Trustees of the
city, in 1823, as one of the County Commissioners
from 1822 to 1825, and as Alderman at Large in
1828. He died at the residence of his daughter, Mrs.
Thomas Drummond, of Winfield, Illinois, on January
19. 1871.

MORSE STEWART, A. M., M. D., was born
July 5, 181 8, in Penn Yan, Yates County, New York.
He is the third son of George Dorrance Stewart, a
lineal descendant in the third generation of Robert
Stuart, who came from the north of Scotland to
Connecticut in 1725, with his wife, whose maiden
name was Elizabeth Dixon. 1 heir first and only

surviving child was Samuel Stewart, of New Lon-
don, Connecticut, who married Elizabeth Ken-
nedy. Of this marriage there were twenty-four
children, eighteen of whom reached mature life,
and ten lived to be over seventy-three years of age.
Samuel Stewart was a man of liberal fortunes and
godly life. He was hospitable and brave and lived
upon his estate in the comfort and luxury of his
time, and established well his many children around
him, or on less stubborn soil. His second son,
Samuel Stewart, Jr., with the enterprise that was in
the blood, located in St. Lawrence County, New
York, near Ogdensburgh, where nine children grew
up about him. The eldest son, George Dorrance,
having the true spirit of a pioneer, pushed west-
ward into Yates County, New York, where he laid
the foundation of a great fortune, in lands and busi-
ness enterprises. He died at the age of forty-two
years, leaving four sons and three daughters, the
eldest but nine years of age.

Morse Stewart, when eleven years of age, was
sent by his mother, Mrs. Harriet Benham Stewart,
to the High School at Pittsfield, Massachusetts,
an admirable and justly celebrated academy for
boys, established by Rev. Chester Dewey, D. D.,
who had attained a wide reputation as a scientist.
At the end of three years he passed from the
hands of this gentleman into those of Professor
David Malen, whose training fitted his pupil
to enter Hamilton College at the age of sixteen.
Four years later he made choice of the medical
profession, and after some preliminary study with
Dr. Samuel Foot, of Jamestown, New York, he
attended two courses of lectures in the College of
Physicians and Surgeons, of Western New York.
His third course was taken at the Geneva Medical
College. At the close of the session of 1840-41,
he passed an examination for his degree of Doctor
of Medicine, and soon after came to Detroit and
spent some months in professional study under
Dr. Zina Pitcher, returning to the Geneva Medical
College in the autumn of the same year, and tak-
ing a further partial course.

After this thorough preparation, on November
15, 1842, he left his home for Detroit, where he
had decided to locate. Arriving here on the 19th,
he found the late Wm. N. Carpenter on the dock
waiting to welcome him, and the friendship which
began at the time of his first visit continued until
they were separated by Mr. Carpenter's death. At
that early day the medical profession of Detroit
was represented by a most distinguished looking
body of men, all of them in their prime. ^ Under
these circumstances it was not easy for the young
physician with his painfully distant and cold man-
ner to gain a foothold, but being in possession of
means and indomitable perseverance, they carried

lOgS AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

him through seven years of waiting and then he
stood secure.

During those first seven years his patients were
almost exclusively the extremely poor, who often
needed pecuniary assistance as well as medical
attendance. Realizing to the full these needs of
the poor, Dr. Stewart in 1848 was one of the prime
movers in establishing the Young Men's Benevo-
lent Society of Detroit, and for several years it
accomplished great good among worthy emigrants
who had stranded here during their first winter in
America.

Upon his arrival in Detroit Dr. Stewart made the
acquaintance and secured the friendship of the late
Rev. George Duffield, D.D., became at once one
of his parishioners, and in 1852 married his only
daughter, Isabella Graham Duffield, who after
thirty-six years of a notably useful life, having been
instrumental in the establishment of many useful
charities, and all through her life having been full
of deeds of charity, on May 27, 1888, was called
from earth. The year previous to his marriage Dr.
Stewart had purchased a home on the corner of
Congress and Brush Streets, and there five of his
children were born. Morse Jr., George Duffield,
Isabella Graham Bethune and Mary Bronson. A
sixth child, Robert, was born after the removal of
the family to the Stuart homestead, at No. 440
Jefferson Avenue.

On Congress Stn^et Dr. Stewart's practice grew
to very great proportions. It is said that every
generation has its doctor, but in this case three
generations have had the care of the same physi-
cian. Dr. Stewart's cases for forty-five years show
that many a mother, daughter, and granddaughter
have known his skillful aid, and side by side with
the record of new lives runs the sadder duty of
closing forever the eyes of the aged, or speeding
some parting soul with the breath of prayer. The
minister or priest and the doctor went hand in hand
through the cholera season of 1849 ^^^ 1854, and
through the various epidemics of small-pox, conta-
gious fevers, diphtheria, etc.

When Dr. Stewart came to Detroit there were no
medical societies, and no protective legislation in
Michigan for medical men, and therefore no means
of ascertaining a man's fitness for, or worthiness of,
fraternal relations. To meet this deficiency the
profession came together and organized the Syden-
ham Society. After its demise in 1848, the Wayne
County Medical Society was organized. Of this
society Dr Stewart was repeatedly president and
continuously a member until 1876, when it dis-
banded.

His political views like his religious convictions
are the result of earnest thought and thorough
principle. In his youth he saw manifested in the

church of which he was a member, the bitter and
malignant spirit of abolitionism, and so cast his
first vote and interest with the Whig party, and
when the affiliation of the Whigs with the Aboli-
tionists brought forth the Republican party, he
enrolled himself as a member of the Democratic
party, believing that it represented the only con-
^servatism in the country. He was one of the
"sixty -nine" who, in 1856, publicly came out and
declared and defined their separation. During the
years from i860 to 1870, the political intolerance
of the party in power amounted almost to ostra-
cism, but in those very years Dr. Stewart found the
largest measure of success and usefulness.

In 1868 Dr. Pitcher waited upon Dr. Stewart
and tendered him in the name of the truest men in
the medical profession, an invitation to prepare and
read an article on criminal abortion. It was a dis-
tasteful subject and involved sharp definitions of
right and wrong that were sure to prove offensive,
but his paper met with the warmest encomiums
from eminent medical men and journals, and placed
him mentally, morally, and as a scientist, in the
front rank of his brethren. His hard and increas-
ing labors, however, left him no time for the literary
work he was so well calculated by his experience
and attainments to perform. A few monographs
and addresses indicate what it might have been.

To him the advancement of scientific benevolence
has always been an object of practical interest and
desire. It was as the result of a suggestion made
by him that the Rev. Dr. Duffield turned the con-
tributions of Walter Harper from the channel of
a trades' school for boys, to that of a Protestant
hospital. Dr. Stewart also furnished the data for
the medical requirements of a well conducted hos-
pital, and they are embraced in the deed of trust.
He also aided in inducing Mrs. Nancy Martin to
bestow her gifts in the same direction.

Even when most occupied Dr. Stewart found
time from 1 860 to 1 862 to act as a chairman of the
Board of Trustees of the First Protestant Society
(First Presbyterian Church). Assuming this duty
when the church was in an unfinished state and
the society in debt, at the end of his term of
office he tendered his resignation with the building
in perfect order and full provision made for the
debt.

In 1874 the burden of work which had been car-
ried day and night for thirty-three years, with
scarcely a week's intermission, began to tell even
upon his wiry and elastic constitution, and his
medical advisers ordered a period of positive rest
abroad. The year from the spring of 1875 to 1876
was therefore spent with his family in England
and on the Continent. During this season of rest
he studied the system and teaching of the medical

/ rXV,-// ^^;

AUTHORS. EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. 1099

universities of Wurtzburg and Heidelberg, and
took a prolonged course of the water and baths
of Kissengen. Wintering in Dresden, his tastes
led him to a somewhat close observation of that
admirable art gallery, which was supplemented
during his stay in Paris. by an equal interest in the
gallery of the Louvre. Returning home with en-
tirely restored health, he has since been enabled to
pursue his profession with undiminished vigor.

In 1874 he was largely instrumental in perfect-
ing the organization of the Association of Charities,
and has greatly furthered public interests on many
occasions, but he has never sought personal honors,
and such as he has received were pressed upon him.
In 1 880 an epidemic of small-pox having broken out
in Detroit, Drs. Stewart, ■ Flinterman, and Foster
were named by the Common Council as a tempor-
ary Board of Health, and asked to look after the
thorough vaccination of the city, as well as the
management of the small-pox cases.

There being at that time no hospital for infec-
tious diseases, one of tents was at once extempor-
ized, which, with the nursing and care of the Sisters
of Charity, gave very successful results. The suc-
ceeding year the Mayor named Dr. Stewart as one
of the three physicians constituting the permanent
Board of Health. Here as elsewhere he has been
faithful to his duty, and tenacious as to the rights
and responsibilities of that Board, and has spared
no pains or personal service to preserve the city
from pestilence, and to establish sanitary regula-
tions to prevent the introduction or spread of dis-
ease.

Believing in the high and dignified value of the
profession of medicine, he early determined to see
it recognized and respected in his own city as both
a science and an art, and knowing that men valued
what they paid for, he led off in 1864 by increas-
ing the standard of his own charges a hundred per
cent., which example resulted in the adoption of a
Fee Bill by the Wayne County Medical Society,
which has continued to be the standard of charges.

Dr. Stewart began life as he will close it, with a
nervous temperament, that has often made his
words sharper than the thought behind them.
Governed by a self-sacrificing singleness of pur-
pose that demanded his own work to be honest,
clear and thorough, he has been content with noth-
ing less in others. Intolerant of shams, no trim-
mer, fearless in maintaining what he believes to be
the side of justice and truth, it is scarce to be won-
dered that he has often found arrayed against him
the influence of money and place. Integrity and
truthfulness have been in all his transactions with
his fellows, a high and scrupulous sense of honor
governing every thought, as well as act. Success
with such a character is achieved in spite of preju-

dice, and the many antagonisms it is sure to en-
counter. Dr. Stewart stands secure in the esteem
of his patients and of the public as well, because
he has gone forward promptly, habitually, and con-
scientiously during all the years to his daily duty,
with an eye single towards God and towards man.

FRANCIS XAVIER SPRANGER, M. D., is
the son of Lawrence and Mary (Schuster) Spranger
and was born in the kingdom of Bavaria, Germany,
on March 13, 1840. His parents emigrated to
America when he was nine years old and soon
after he entered the Benedictine College at Carroll-
town, Pennsylvania. He then took a course in Latin
and at seventeen years of age commenced the
study of medicine under the direction of Dr. H.
Hoffman, and afterward became the pupil of Dr. J.
M. Parks, of Cincinnati, Ohio. In August, 1862,
he graduated with the degree of M. D, at the
Cleveland Homoeopathic College, and immediately
established himself in Detroit, where he has since
continued the practice of his profession. He was
one of the organizers of the Detroit Homoeopathic
College, and Professor of Pathology and Physical
Diagnosis during its four terms, and President of
the college during the last term. He believes that
'' shnilia siniilibus curantur'' is an essential, but
not the only law of cure, and also believes that no
physician should adhere exclusively to one theory
or mode of practice, but should be cosmopolitan in
his profession, accepting all facts which experience
furnishes, regardless of the source from which they
emanate. Like other sincere physicians, he is con-
scious of the fact that his first duty is to his patient,
and that "pathics," ** isms " and " ethics " are only
of subordinate importance. Dr. Spranger has a
very large practice, to which he devotes his entire
time, and among his patrons he has a large
number of the wealthiest and most influential
citizens. His consulting practice is very large and
possibly unrivalled in the city, and many patients
come from distant places. He has always made
a special study of diseases of the heart alid
lungs, and his large practice and many years
of experience have furnished him sufficient material
for the practical study of diseases to make him a
diagnostician second to no other. He is a member
of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, the
State Medical Society, and the Detroit College of
Physicians and Surgeons, and is connected with a
number of benevolent, musical and social societies.
An ardent lover of music, he introduced and made
the zither popular in Detroit, and as an amateur
performer on that instrument has few equals.

In social life he is of an affable, genial tempera-
ment, and is sure to win the confidence, esteem and
even warm regard of those who become acquainted

1 100 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

with his abilities and character. He dislikes all
sham and pretense, has never taken any promi-
nent part in politics or sought for public position.
In 1868 he was appointed one of the city physicians
and held the office for six months, or until the term
expired.

In 1854, in company with his parents, he visited
Nicaragua, and was present at the bombardment of
Grey town, on July 14 of that year. He was mar-
ried in 1858, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Miss
Mary Sattig. They have had seven children, four
of whom are living.

JOHN TRUMBULL, author of "McFingal,"
and the only son of a Congregational minister,
was born April 24, 1750, at Watertown, Connec-
ticut. He was an exceedingly precocious child,
and at the age of seven years was qualified to
enter Yale College, but on account of his youth
did not enter until he was thirteen years old. He
graduated, in 1767, with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts, and for the three years following served as a
tutor, turning his attention chiefly to polite litera-
ture, and the Greek and Latin classics. He and
Timothy Dwight were tutors at the same time,
became intimate associates, and were lifelong
friends.

In 1772 he published the first part of a poem
entitled " The Progress of Dullness," but having
determined to enter the legal profession, he was
admitted to the bar in 1773. He then went to
Boston and continued his legal studies under John
Adams. While in Boston he wrote an " Elegy on
the Times," in sixty-eight stanzas. It treated of the
Boston Port Bill, the Non-importation Associations,
and the strength and future glory of the country.
In 1774 he went to New Haven, where he remained
and practiced his profession until he moved to
Hartford, where he became distinguished for his
knowledge and ability as an advocate.

His ** McFingal " was completed and published
at Hartford in 1782. Mr. Trumbull was soon
afterwards associated with Humphreys Barlow and
Dr. Lemuel Hopkins in the production of a work
which they styled "The Anarchiad." It contained
bold satire, and exerted considerable influence on
the popular taste.

In 1789 Mr. Trumbull was appointed State Attor-
ney for the county of Hartford, and in 1792 repre-
sented that district in the Connecticut Legislature.
His health failing, he resigned his office in 1795,
and until 1798 refused all public honors. In May,
1 800, he was again elected to a seat in the State
Legislature, and in the following year appointed
a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut.
From that time he abandoned party politics, as
inconsistent with judicial duties. In 1808 he was

appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors,
which office he held until 18 19. In 1820 he revised
his works, and they were published at Hartford by
Samuel P. Goodrich.

He removed to Detroit with his wife in 1825.
They made their home with their daughter, Mrs.
William Woodbridge, wife of Governor Woodbridge.
The maiden name of Mr. Trumbull's wife was
Sarah Hubbard. She was the daughter of D. Lev-
erett Hubbard, and it is a curious and well authen-
ticated fact that she was a lineal descendant of
William the Conqueror, King of England.

Mr. Trumbull died on May 10, 1831, and his
remains are now in Elmwood Cemetery.

He is recognized as being, after Phillip Freneau,
the earliest American poet, and his "McFingal"
was the most popular of all the poems of revolu-
tionary days. It passed through thirty editions in
America, and was twice reprinted in England.
The city of Detroit was honored by his residence
here for the last six years of his life, and honors
itself by preserving his memory in the name of one
of its finest avenues.

WILLIAM A. THROOP, was born at Schoha-
rie Court House, Schoharie County, New York,
July 26, 1838. Seven years later, with his parents
he removed to Syracuse, New York, and in 1855
came to Detroit, where his parents had removed
some years previously.

Soon after his arrival in Detroit, he entered the
bookstore of John A. Kerr & Co., and retained
this position until President Lincoln called for
75,000 volunteers, when he was the first citizen in
Detroit to respond, enlisting for three months as
Second Lieutenant of Company A, First Michigan
Volunteer Infantry, on April 16, 1861, four days
after the first gun was fired upon Fort Sumter,
and the next morning after the President's procla-
mation. His regiment arrived in Washington on
May 16, 1 86 1, being the first troops west of the
Alleghanies to arrive at the capital. It was assigned
the honor of leading the Union forces on the soil of
Virginia, and on May 24, 1861, drove in the enemy's
picket, capturing 150 rebel cavalry and the city
of Alexandria. In the battle of Bull Run on July
21, Lieutenant Throop and his comrades in General
Heintzelman's division, were in the hottest of the
fight.

Lieutenant Throop's period of enlistment expired
on August 7, 1 86 1, and ten days later he again en-
listed and was mustered in as Captain of ( ompany
F, of the First Michigan Volunteer Infantry. I' tir-
ing the winter of 1 86 1 -2, this regiment was assigned
to duty at Annapolis Junction, to guard the railroad
between Washington and Baltimore. In the fol-
lowing spring his command moved to Fortress

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. l lOI

Monroe, and joined the Army of the Potomac, and
Capt. Throop thus shared in the engagements which
followed at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mills — where
he was severely wounded — Peach Orchard, Savage
Station, Turkey Bend, White Oak Swamp, Malvern
Hill, and Harrison's Landing. At Gainesville, on
August 29th, 1862, Captain Throop was especially
distinguished in the heroic charges made upon the
enemy's batteries on the Warrenton and Centerville
turnpike, where eight officers and half of the regi-
ment fell. For his bravery and daring in this
engagement he was promoted on August 30, 1862,
to the rank of Major. He subsequently partici-
pated in the battle of Antietam and Shepard's Ford,
and in the fierce winter contests of the same year
at Fredericksburgh and United States Ford.

At Falmouth, Virginia, on March 18, 1863, he
was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of
the First Michigan Regiment and at the same
time his command was assigned to the first brigade,
first division, fifth Army Corps of the Potomac.
This brigade, by eleven successive days of continu-
ous field service, before and during the hard fighting
at Chancellorsville, won the appellation of the
" Flying Brigade." This service was followed, after
a few days' rest, by participation in the battles of
Kelley's Ford, Aldie, Ashley Gap and Gettysburgh.
In the latter battle the Colonel of the First was
wounded soon after the opening of the engagement,
and the command of the regiment was assumed by
Lieutenant-Colonel Throop. In this battle the
First Michigan did most effective service, and as a
part of the Fifth Corps, against overflowing num-
bers, stubbornly resisted the enemy, and thus
enabled General How^ard to hold Gettysburgh,
Lieutenant-Colonel Throop, though wounded in the
first day's fight, not only held his place on the
memorable July 3d, but joined in the pursuit of the
enemy on July 5 ; shared in the action at Williams-
port, July 12; recrossed in Virginia, July i8th; and
aided in driving the rebels through Manassas Gap
in an engagement at Wapping Heights, on July
2 1 St. He afterwards took part in the battles of
Beverly Ford, and a few days later, with his com-
mand, joined the Eighteenth Massachusetts, and
with a squadron of the Second Pennsylvania Cav-
alry crossed the Rappahannock, and occupied the
town of Culpepper, doing provost duty.

In February, 1864, he, with two hundred and
thirteen of the First Michigan, re-enlisted as veter-
ans, and in the following April returned to their
former camping ground at Beverly Ford, and formed
P&rt of the Third Brigade, first division, in Grant's
great campaign of 1864. At the battle of Cold
Harbor, Lieutenant-Colonel Throop received a
third wound, and at the siege of Petersburgh, July
3o» 1864, his fourth wound in action. Two days

after the latter battle he was commissioned Brevet
Colonel of United States Volunteers, for brave con-
duct and efficient service in the battles of the cam-
paign, and took command of the First Brigade, first
division, of the Fifth Corps. On November, 30,
1864, he w^as appointed acting inspector of the
first division of the Fifth Corps, and on January
6, 1865, was honorably discharged. He faced
bravely the dangers of more than fifty battles, and
bore the scars of four wounds. The first, received
at Gainesville, proved more serious than at first sus-
pected, and was lasting in its ill effects. Never a
day of his subsequent life was he free from pain on
account of this injury. On March 13, 1865, he was
commissioned Brevet Brigadier-General United
States Volunteers, for attention to duty and disci-
pline, and in 1 866 was tendered by the Secretary of
War an appointment as Captain of the Twenty-
eighth Infantry, regular army, but declined on ac-
count of business engagements.

After the war he returned to Detroit, and engaged
in the stationery business.^ On September 12, 1870,
he was appointed by Governor Baldwin, Quarter-
master-General of the State of Michigan. This
office he efficiently filled for five successive years,
and during this time devoted much time and atten-
tion to bringing into existence the State museum.
In 1873 he was appointed Receiver of Taxes of the
city of Detroit ; held the office for four years, and
then devoted himself principally to real estate busi-
ness and the collection of war claims. A few months
prior to his death he again engaged in the stationery
trade.

He was highly esteemed as a business man, was
scrupulously honest in every transaction, and pos-
sessed the warm friendship of many of Detroit's
best citizens, while his heroic services as a soldier
entitle him to grateful remembrance. He was mar-
ried July 30, 1866, to Mary J. Porter, only daughter
of the late George F. Porter. He died October 2,
1884, leaving his wife and one child, who bears his
name.

HENRY O. WALKER, M. D., w^as born in
Leesville, Michigan, December 18, 1843, and is the
son of Robert E. and Elizabeth (Lee) Walker,
both of whom were natives of Yorkshire, England.
His father was born February 22, 18 16, came to
America in 1837, and settled in Wayne County.
He was a farmer and brick manufacturer, and was
for many years engaged in both avocations at Lees-
ville, where he still resides. His wife was born
December 13, 1818. She came to America with
her parents in 1833, and they were among the earli-
est settlers of Leesville, which is named in honor
of her father, Charles Lee, who died at an advanced
age in 1869. He was highly respected, a man of

I 1 02 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

devout religious convictions, an influential member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and well known
in all the community as " Father Lee."

Until his sixteenth year Henry O. Walker lived
at home assisting in the labors of the farm and in
the manufacture of brick. His rudimentary educa-
tion was received by attendance at the district
school during the winter months. In 1859, when
the Detroit High School was established, he was
one of the first students. After remaining at the
High School two years he attended Albion Col-
lege, returning home at the end of a year, and for
a year following taught a district school, after which
he returned to Albion College and pursued his
studies through the Sophomore year, and then after
spending one term at the Medical Department of
the Michigan University, he entered the office of Dr.
E. W. Jenks. and at the same time received a practi-
cal experience in surgery and medical practice at
Harper Hospital, then used by the United States
for invalid soldiers.

In January, 1866, when the hospital was opened
for ordinary patients. Dr. Walker became its first
house surgeon. After several months' service he
entered Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New
York, from which he graduated on February 28,
1867. Returning to Detroit he immediately opened
an office, and has been in continuous practice ever
since.

He was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in
the Detroit Medical College in 1869, and served
until 1873. From 1873 to 1879 he was Lecturer
on Genito-Urinary Diseases in the same institution,
and in 1881 was elected Secretary of the College,
member of and Secretary of the Board of Trus-
tees, and in the same year was appointed Professor
of Orthopedic Surgery, Genito-Urinary Diseases,
and Clinical Surgery, positions which he retained
until the amalgamation of the Detroit and Michigan
Medical College and the creation of the Detroit Col-
lege of Medicine. In the new College he was elected
a member of and Secretary of the Faculty and Board
of Trustees, and was appointed and still retains the
same professorship he had so ably filled in the De-
troit Medical College.

In 1873 and 1874 he was City Physician. He has
also served as County Physician and member of the
city Board of Health. He was for several years a
member, and has served as Secretary and President
of the Academy of Medicine. He is a member
of the Detroit Medical and Library Association,
and was President in 1887. At the annual meeting
of the Michigan State Medical Society, in 1887,
he was elected one of its Vice-Presidents. He is
also a member of and one of the Vice-Presidents
of the American Medical Association, and at the
meeting held in 1884, at Washington, D. C, was

Secretary of the Surgical Section, and at the meeting
of the medical editors at New Orleans, in 1885.
was elected President. He is surgeon of Harper
and St. Mary's Hospitals, and of the Polish Orphan
Asylum, and consulting surgeon in the Detroit
Sanitarium. From 1872 to 1874, he was surgeon
of the Michigan Central Railroad, and for several
years has been surgeon of the Wabash Railroad.

While Dr. Walker has been engaged in a general
medical and surgical practice, it is more especially
in the line of surgery that he excels, and in many
instances of perilous delicacy, requiring the highest
order of skill, he has performed successful surgical
operations, which have attracted wide attention, and
deservedly given him a leading position in his pro-
fession. In 1 882 he established the Detroit Clinic,
a medical journal, with which the Detroit Medical
News was subsequently merged in the Medical Age.
His contributions to medical literature have been
numerous, and have mostly pertained to surgery,
especially in the line of genito-urinary subjects. In
the latter branch of medical science he has been a
most devoted student, and the results of his inves-
tigation and practical experience have greatly en-
riched the field of surgical science. The high
standing he enjoys for professional abilities has
been attained by patient, persistent endeavor, allied
to natural aptitude for his calling.

No member of his profession has pursued his
work with more singleness of purpose, and to the
exclusion of conflicting interests, and the position
he holds, both as a physician and citizen, has been
attained by his own exertions. Affability and con-
geniality, with trusted friends, are prominent traits
in his character, and his frank and candid nature
invites trust and insures warm attachment. In
every relation of life he has made an honorable and
manly record. He was married November 13,
1872, to Gertrude Esselstyn, of Detroit. They
have one son, Elton, born December 15, 1874.

ANTHONY WAYNE, Major-General U. S. A.,
was born at Waynes borough, Chester County,
Pennsylvania, January i, 1745. His grandfather,
Anthony Wayne, a native of Yorkshire, England,
commanded a squadron of dragoons under King
William, at the battle of the Boyne, and held vari-
ous civil offices. He emigrated to Pennsylvania in
1722, and his son, Isaac, was a member of the Pro-
vincial Legislature, and served as an officer in sev-
eral expeditions against the Indians. He was a
man of great industry and enterprise, and not only
carried on an extensive farm, but a tannery as well,
which was probably the largest in Pennsylvania.
Both the farm and tannery became the property of
Anthony Wayne on the death of his father, in I774-

Anthony was educated at a school kept by his

AN IHONN \V:\\NI',

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILI FARY OFFICERS. I 103

uncle, and at noon, in place of the usual games, he
had the boys engaged in throwing up redoubts,
skirmishing, and other warlike practices, and was
inclined to neglect his studies. His uncle com-
plained to his father, and he reprimanded Anthony
severely, and from that time there was a marked
change for the better in his habits. From his
uncle's school he went to the Philadelphia Acad-
emy, where he remained two years, devoting most
of his time to his favorite studies of mathematics,
mechanics, optics, and astronomy.

When he was eighteen years old he returned to
Chester County and began business as a surveyor.
While thus employed, he became acquainted with
Dr. Franklin, and a strong friendship soon sprung
up between them, which continued through life.
Through the influence of Mr. Franklin he secured
an appointment as agent of a Philadelphia associ-
ation, formed to purchase and settle a tract of land
in Nova Scotia. He visited there in 1765, and
again in 1766, and superintended the affairs of the
colony until the following year, when he returned
to Pennsylvania, married a daughter of Bartholo-
mew Penrose, an eminent merchant of Philadelphia,
and established himself on a farm in his native
county. He was soon holding various county offi-
ces, and took an active part in the troubles between
Great Britain and the colonies. In 1774 he was
one of the Provincial Deputies who met in Phila-
delphia to deliberate upon the affairs of the country.
In the same year he was elected a member of the
Legislature, and in the summer of 1775 was ap-
pointed a member of the Committee of Safety, with
Dr. Franklin and others; but in STeptember he
relinquished all civil employment, and devoted his
time to military drill and the study of tactics. • He
then set about raising a regiment of volunteers, and
was elected their Colonel.

Meantime the congress, sitting at Philadelphia,
called upon each of the colonies for a certain num-
ber of regiments to reinforce the Northern army,
and Wayne's regiment was selected as one of the
four required from Pennsylvania, and he was com-
missioned by Congress on January 3, 1776. Early
in the spring he proceeded wath his regiment —
already one of the best disciplined in the service— to
New York, and soon after was ordered to join
General Sullivan in Canada.

His first engagement with the enemy was at
Three Rivers, and in that disastrous battle his
intrepidity in attack, and his skill in covering the
retreat, were equally conspicuous. On the with-
drawal of the American army from Canada, the
fortresses Ticonderoga and Mount Independence
were committed to his care, with a garrison com-
posed of his ow^n and four other regiments. He
remained in charge of these posts until May, 1777,

and in the meantime was promoted to the rank of
Brigadier-General. He then joined General Wash-
ington in New Jersey, and assisted him in driving
the enemy from that province. At the battle of
Brandy wine, on September 11, he commanded a
division of the army, and was stationed at Chadd's
Ford to oppose the crossing of the river by Howe's
right wing. He fought until after sunset, and was
then compelled to retreat to escape being flanked
by Cornwallis. Nine days after, while seeking an
opportunity to cut off the baggage train of the
British army, he was attacked by superior numbers,
guided by American tories, and defeated near Paoli,
with some loss. The disaster was, at Wayne's
request, made the subject of a court-martial, and
he was found to have done everything that could be
expected of a brave and vigilant officer.

During the ensuing winter, when the American
army was suffering intensely at Valley Forge.
Wayne was dispatched to New Jersey, within the
British lines, for supplies, and succeeded in bring-
ing into camp several hundred head of cattle,
together with a number of horses suitable for cav-
alry service, and a large quantity of forage. His
bravery and skillful maneuvering at the battle of
Monmouth also contributed largely to the success
of the American arms. On July 10, 1779, an inter-
view took place between Washington and Wayne,
in which they discussed the project of storming
Stony Point. In the course of their conference,
Wayne expressed his willingness to undertake the
perilous enterprise, and is said to have remarked,
" General, if you will only plan it, I will storm Hell."
No record has been found of his storming the
latter place, but, on the night of July 15, 1779, he
surprised the fortification at Stony Point, and took
the entire garrison prisoners. This was the most
brilliant affair of the war, and for desperate daring
has never been excelled. It occurred at a gloomy
period in the colonial struggle, and greatly revived
the patriots of the revolution. The victory was
deemed so great that resolutions of thanks were
passed by Congress, and the Legislature of Penn-
sylvania, and W^ayne was greatly applauded.

His services in the north were exceedingly valu-
able, and in January, 1780, he displayed remarkable
skill and decision in the suppression of a mutiny
which broke out at Morristown. because of the
poor food and clothing supplied to the troops. In
February of that year he was ordered to join the
Southern army, and at the battle of Green Springs,
Virginia, July 6, 1780, by a prompt attack with a
part of his brigade, he prevented a meditated
maneuver that would probably have been disastrous
to the force under Lafayette, and by this move he
aided in the subsequent capture of Cornwallis at
Yorktown. Soon after that event General Wayne

1 104 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OP^FICERS.

received orders to prepare to join the Southern
army under command of General Greene.

He reached the camp of the army about June i,
1782. On February 19, 1782, he crossed the Savan-
nah river, and effected a landing in Georgia, and
after routing large bodies of Indians, on their way
to re-enforce the British, he succeeded in driving
the enemy from the State. For these services the
Legislature of Georgia gave him a vote of thanks,
and granted him a large and valuable tract of land.
He continued v^ith the army at the South until
the month of July, 1783, when he took passage for
Philadelphia, and subsequently retired to his farm
at Waynesborough, and also took measures to
improve his Georgia lands. He began the move-
ment to improve the navigation of the principal
rivers of Georgia, and proposed the connection of
the waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake Bay
by canal.

He was brevetted a Major-General by Congress,
October 10, 1783, and in 1784 and 1785 served in
the General Assembly of Pennsylvania. In 1787
he was elected a member of the convention which
adopted the Constitution of the United States. In
April, 1792, after the defeat of Generals Harmar
and St. Clair, he was appointed commander-in-
chief of the United States Army. On May 25 he
was furnished by the Secretary of War with the
instructions from the President to conduct a war
against the hostile Indians in the West, and on
August 20, 1794, he gained a brilliant victory over
the Miamis, compelling them to sue for peace. He
was shortly afterwards appointed commissioner to
treat with the Indians of the Northwest, and to
take possession of all forts held by the British in
that territory.

The ability, determination and promptitude with
which he managed affairs, impressed the hostile
tribes with a dread, which operated as a wholesome
restraint long after his death. In pursuance of his
duties, General Wayne reached Detroit early in
August, 1796, and was presented with an address
by the citizens, who selected the name of Wayne
for the new county established during his stay in
Detroit. This was doubtless the first county in the
United States named after him, but now there are
numerous counties by this name in the Western
States. Having put things in a proper state, he left
Detroit between November 14 and 17, 1796, for
Presque Isle. On the way, on the 17th, the day
before he landed, he was seized with an attack of
the gout, and on December 15, 1796, he died. His
remains were temporarily deposited at Presque
Isle, from whence they were removed in 1809, by
his son, Isaac Wayne, to the cemetery of St. David's
Church, near his old farm in Chester County.
General Wayne was one of the most brilliant

officers of the revolution, and brave to a fault, inso-
much that he gained the sobriquet of " Mad
Anthony," yet he was really discreet and cautious,
fruitful in expedients, quick in detecting the purpose
of an enemy, instant in decision, and prompt in
execution. In person he was above what is termed
the middle stature, and was well proportioned. He
had dark hair, his forehead was high and hand-
somely formed, his eyes were of a dark hazel color,
intelligent, quick, and penetrating. His nose ap-
proached the aquiline. The remainder of his face
was well proportioned, and his whole countenance
fine and animated. His natural disposition was
exceedingly amiable. He was ardent and sincere
in his attachments, of pure morals, and his manners
were refined.

RICHARD STORRS WILLIS is a descendant
of George Willis, a Puritan of distinction, who
arrived from England as early as 1626, took the
Freeman's oath in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and
was elected as deputy to the General Court in 1638.
Richard Storrs Willis was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, February i o, 1 8 1 9, and is the son of Nathan-
iel and Hannah (Parker) Willis, and the youngest
brother of Nathaniel Parker Willis and " Fanny
Fern." He belongs to a long line of editors and
authors whose record extends back in unbroken suc-
cession for one hundred and twenty-five years and in-
cludes many of the most popular writers our coun-
try has produced. It is a singular coincidence
that from 1776 to 1800 his grandfather, Nathaniel
Willis, edited,, three newspapers : The Independent
Chronicle, The Potomac Guardian and the Sciota
Gazette; from 1803 to i860 Nathaniel Willis, his
father, founded and edited three newspapers : The
Eastern Argus, The Boston Recorder (the first
religious newspaper in the world) and The Youth's
Companion (the first newspaper for youth) ; from
1830 to 1866 Nathaniel Parker Willis, his brother,
edited three papers : The New York Mirror, The
Corsair and The Home Journal ; and from 1851 to
1863 Richard Storrs Willis edited three papers :
The Musical Times, The Musical World and Once
a Month.

Richard Storrs Willis was a student at Chauncey
Hall, later was at the Boston Latin School, and
entered Yale College in 1837. In his sophomore
year he was chosen President of the Beethoven
Society, which was composed of all the musical
talent of the college, its members doing service at
the chapel choir, and furnishing the music at the
annual commencements. Mr. Willis composed
industriously for the college choir and orchestra,
and arranged and harmonized many German part-
songs, the words of which were translated for
the purpose by the poet Percival. Among other

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

II05

instrumental pieces he wrote the " Glen Mary
Waltzes," which for a quarter of a century were
published by Oliver Ditson & Co. After graduat-
ing in 1 84 1 Mr. Willis went to Germany and de-
voted himself to the study of musical science at
Frankfort-on-the-Main. He completed an elabor-
ate course in harmony and musical form under the
direction of the venerable Schnyder von Warten-
see, and in Leipzig a course on counterpoint and
instrumentation with Hauptmann, Professor in the
conservatory, and Cantor of the "Thomas Schule."
Subsequently he had the good fortune to pass a
summer in the Taunus Mountains in company with
Mendelssohn, the poet Freiligrath, Gutzkow, the
dramatic author, and the .professor-poet, Hoffman
von Fallersleben. Mendelssohn reviewed some of
the work Mr. Willis had done with Schnyder, and
revised his compositions. These manuscripts
bearing Mendelssohn's pencil marks, together with
a canon which the great composer wrote in Mr.
Willis's album at parting, form a highly valued
souvenir. While passing a winter in Homburg,
Mr. Willis's familiarity with German enabled him to
do some literary work for Gustav, the reigning
landgrave of Hesse- Homburg, who conferred upon
him a diploma with the honorary title of Professor.

Returning to America after six years of absence,
Mr. Willis visited Yale College and for a time
occupied himself with a class of tutors and pro-
fessors who desired to practise colloquial German.
He afterwards went to New York, where he became
connected with the press, and wrote for the Albion,
the Tribune, the Musical Times and the Catholic
World. He subsequently bought and edited the
Musical Times, which later on was consolidated with
the Musical World. After some years he started a
magazine called Once a Month. It was devoted to
the fine arts. He also wrote a work entitled "Our
Church Music," which met with high commendation
from the London Athenaeum. He next brought out
a volume of " Church Chorals " and numerous " Stu-
dent Songs," and ** Miscellaneous Lyrics." During
the war he competed for a prize offered for the best
national song, and his "Anthem of Liberty," to
which he also composed the music, was pronounced
best by the committee. Richard Grant White, in his
subsequent collection of these songs gave it enthusi-
astic praise. Mr. Willis afterwards wrote the song
"Why, Northmen, Why.?" and others of a patri-
otic type which were rehearsed in schools and sung
at public gatherings.

In 1 85 1 Mr. Willis married Miss Jessie Cairns, of
Roslyn, Long Island. Mrs. Willis died in 1858.
Her pure and lovely nature is tenderly delineated in
her husband's "Memorial," and the pages also con-
tain lines from William Cullen Bryant, "Fanny
Fern " and other eminent persons. In 186 1 Mr. Willis

married Mrs. Alexandrine Macomb Campau, of
Detroit. During a four years' residence in Europe,
where he went for the education of his children,
while residing in Nice, he collected his national
songs and miscellaneous lyrics into a volume,
entitled " Waif of Song," which was published by
Galignani, of Paris. The first volumes of the book
were sold during the Nice carnival of 1876, for the
benefit of the poor, by Mrs. Willis, who presided
over the American Kiosque in the public square.

While in Europe, Mr. Willis's three daughters
Annie, Blanche and Jessie, married three officers of
the United States flag-ship "Franklin," then lying
near Nice, under command of Admiral Worden.
Annie married Lieutenant Ward ; Blanche. Lieu-
tenant Emory (since then widely known as com-
mander of the " Bear " in the Greely relief expedi-
tion) ; and Jessie, Lieutenant Brodhead, son of the
gallant Michigan cavalry colonel in the War of the
Rebellion.

During late years Mr. Willis has resided almost
continuously in Detroit, and has devoted his time
to Hterary pursuits, publishing among other works
a volume of lyrics, entitled " Pen and Lute." In
1887 he was elected one of the Commissioners of
the Public Library. He is thoroughly identified
with the city, and his recognized ability, high social
position and pure character, have made him a well-
known and esteemed citizen.

ORLANDO B. WILCOX, Brigadier-General,
and Brevet Major-General United States Army, was
born at Detroit, April 16, 1823. He graduated
from West Point in 1847, was appointed Second
Lieutenant Fourth Artillery and served in the Mexi-
can war as Lieutenant in Lloyd Tilghman's Mary-
land Volunteer Battery, and in Lovell's Fourth
Artillery Battery on expedition to Cuernaraca,
Mexico, and in 1850 was with the same battery
under General Sumner in his campaign against the
Arrapahoe Indians, and was then on sea- coast and
lake artillery service up to 1856.

During the Burn's Riot in Boston, in 1854, he
rendered valuable service in preserving the peace.
On January i, 1858, he resigned his commission
and commenced the practice of law at Detroit, and
continued therein until the war with the South
began. He was among the first to offer his ser-
vices to the Government, and on May i, 1861,
was appointed Colonel of First Michigan three
months' volunteers, and with his regiment left the
city for Washington on May 1 3. He participated
in the capture of Alexandria and Fairfax Court
House, and at the first battle of Bull Run, on July
2 1 St, commanded a brigade composed of the First
and Fourth Michigan, the Eleventh New York
Fire Zouaves, and the Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania.

I Io6 AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

In this engagement he was badly wounded, cap-
tured, and held as prisoner of war, being part of
the time in the hospital at Richmond, at Charles-
ton, 3. C. Jail, Castle Pinkney, Columbia Jail,
Libby Prison and Salisbury Prison as hostage for
privateers, etc. He was released on August i8,
1862, and returned to Detroit on August 27. His
return being anticipated, arrangements were made
for giving him a public welcome, and it is safe to
say that no such hearty and general welcome was
ever before extended to any citizen of Detroit.
There was an immense procession, arches were
erected and an address of welcome delivered. In
testimony of his gallantry at Bull Run he was
appointed Brigadier-General August 20, 1862, to
rank from July 21, i86r.

After his release he served with distinction at the
battles of South Mountain and Antietam, in com-
mand of the First Division of the Ninth Corps, and
in command of the Ninth Corps at the first battle of
Fredericksburgh. He marched in command of the
Ninth Corps to Kentucky and commanded succes-
sively the Ninth Corps and the District of Central
Kentucky and the District of Indiana and Michigan
during the drafts riots and Morgan's Raids, and
the District of the Clinch, in Cumberland Mountains,
East Tennessee, holding communication open be-
tween Kentucky and East Tennessee, during the
siege of Knoxville and successfully repulsing sepa-
rate attacks at Walker's Ford and Strawberry
Plains, and remained in command of the Division
of the Ninth Corps to the end of the war. He
fought in the battles of the Wilderness and at
Spottsylvania ; was in skirmishes on the Talopot-
omy, battle of Bethesda Church and participated in
attacks on and operations around Petersburgh, and
in actions on Norfolk and Weldon roads, and at
Gurley House ; was at Pegram Farm and Hatcher's
Run, and at the seige of Petersburgh, his division
was the first to break through and receive the actual
surrender of the city. He commanded the Detroit
Department of the Lakes, with headquarters at
Detroit, from December 26, 1865, to January 15,
1 866. He was brevetted Brigadier-General for " gal-
lant and meritorious service in the battle of Spott-
sylvania Court House," and Major-General "for
services in the capture of Petersburgh," and Major-
General of volunteers for his participation *' in the
several actions since crossing the Rapidan." On
January 15, 1866, he was mustered out of volunteer
service and returned to Detroit. On July 28, fol-
lowing he was reappointed in the regular service as
Colonel of the Twenty-ninth Infantry, and was
afterwards transferred to the Twelfth Infantry.
From November, 1866, to March, 1869, he com-
manded the District of Lynchburgh, Va. From
April, 1869, to April, 1878, except fifteen months'

recruiting service as Superintendent, he commanded
a regiment on the Pacific coast and then served
in and commanded the Department of Arizona
for four years and a half, suppressing Indian hos-
tilities of Chimehuevas, Apaches, etc., in Arizona
and Southern California, operating in New Mexico,
on Mexican frontier, Colorado and Gila Rivers, etc.,
and received therefore the thanks of the Legislature
of Arizona. From September, 1882, to October,
1886, he was in command of his regiment and post
at Madison Barracks, New York. He was pro-
moted to be a Brigadier-General on October 13,
1886, and assigned to command of the Department
of the Missouri. On April 16, 1887, he retired
from active service and returned to Michigan, stop-
ping for a time in Ann Arbor and then going to
Washington, D. C, where he is acting as Superin-
tendent of the Army and Navy Bureau Department
of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New
York.

In his earlier life he found time to indulge in lit-
erary pursuits and is the author of stories entitled,
"Walter March" and "Foca." He also wrote
" Instruction for Field Artillery."

He was first married in August, 1852, to Marie
Louise Farnsworth, daughter of the late Elon
Farnsworth. His children by this marriage are
Lieutenant Elon F. Wilcox, Sixth Cavalry, United
States Army ; Marie Louise, wife of Lieutenant S.
C. Miller, Twelfth Infantry ; Grace North, wife of
E. T. Comegys, Assistant Surgeon United States
Army ; Orlando B. W., Jr., law student at Univer-
sity of Michigan, and Charles McAllister, cadet at
Orchard Lake N'lilitary Academy. After the death
of his first wife in November, 1881, he married
Julia Elizabeth Wyeth, daughter of John McRey-
nolds, of Detroit. They have one child, Julian Wil-

HAL C. WYMAN, M. D., was born March 22,
1852, at Anderson, Indiana. His ancestors emi-
grated to New^ England in 1638, and his father. Dr.
Henry Wyman, was one of the early physicians of
Michigan, and gained distinction not only by his
successful practice, but more especially as a sani-
tarian. He was the chief originator of the so-called
" Swamp Land Laws " of Michigan, under which
the swamps were drained and the healthfulness of
the peninsula vastly improved, and among the early
benefactors of Michigan there was no man, per-
haps, to whom the inhabitants are more deeply
indebted.

Hal C. Wyman was educated in the public
schools and at the Michigan State Agricultural
College. He began the study of medicine with his
father, and subsequently attended the medical
department of the University of Michigan, and

^Xy*^^'^^'^ /v^-^^^-

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS. II07

graduated in 1873. He then went to Europe and
studied medicine and surgery in the schools of
Edinburgh, Berlin, and Paris, and on his return
commenced practice at Blissfield, Michigan. Leav-
ing Blisstield he assisted in the organization of the
Fort Wayne Medical College, in Indiana, in which
he held the chairs of Pathology and Clinical Surgery
until 1879. He was then invited to Detroit to fill
the chair of Physiology in the Detroit Medical
College, and after a time accepted the same chair
^;n the Michigan College of Medicine, and dis-
charged the duties it involved until 1885, when
he resigned in the interest of a large and in-
creasing practice, which has since occupied his
e^ntire time.

In 1886 he was appointed by the Trustees of
the Minnesota Hospital College, at Minneapolis,
Special Lecturer on Surgical Physiology, and early
in the same year Governor Luce, of Michigan,
appointed him a member of the State Board of
Charities and Corrections. The Michigan State
Board of Agriculture conferred upon him the
degree of Master of Science for researches and
investigations in animal physiology. He is full of
philanthropic zeal, and is the founder and President
of the Board of Trustees of the Detroit Emergency
and Accidental Hospital, one of the most useful
humanitarian institutions in the city. He is also
Professor of the Principles of Surgery and Oper-
ative Surgery of the Michigan College of Medicine
and Surgery, established in 1888. He is a member
of the local State and National medical societies,
and holds honorary titles from leading foreign
medical and scientific societies. In all that pertains
to medical science, Dr. Wyman is a close and
thorough student, and is a notably successful prac-
titioner. While familiar with the various branches
of medicine, his special studies have been in sur-
gery, and his writings and numerous scientific
papers have been mainly upon surgical subjects.
His practice is also largely surgical, and by his
skill and success he has attained .high rank in the
profession, both at home and abroad. Profession-
allv and socially he is one of the most genial of
men, and society loses much from the unremittmg
labor which his large practice imposes upon him.
He is thoroughly conscientious in his practice, care-
fully, zealously and studiously considers the welfare
of his patients, and is large-hearted in all his deal-
ings with them. He has large capacity for the
discharge of professional work, and is a ready,
fluent, and effective speaker, as well as an able,
scholarly, and vigorous writer.

He was married October 30, 1879. to Jennie L.
Barnum, of Adrian, Michigan. They have three
daughters. Gladys Prudence, Carrie Louise, and
Jennie Abigail Wyman.

CHARLES CHESTER YEMANS, M. D., was
born at Massena Springs, St. Lawrence County,
New York, May 24, 1834. His ancestors were
among the pioneers of New England. His grand-
mother Yemans was a daughter of Judge Daniel
Carpenter and sister of Governor Dillingham, of
Vermont. His father, William Yemans, was born
at Norwich, Vermont, in 1810, He was a builder
by profession and erected rolling m'ills at Wyan-
dotte, Chicago, Milwaukee and in other cities. His
mother's maiden name was Nancy Lockwood. At
the time of her marriage she was teaching school
at Massena Springs.

The name Yemans is prominent among the origi-
nal settlers of Taunton, Massachusetts, and Tolland,
Connecticut, and as early as 1742, the name was
spelled interchangeably Yemans, Yeomans or You-
mans. The grandfather of C, C. Yemans moved
from Tolland, Connecticut, to Norwich, Vermont,
and from there in 1836, his son William Yemans
moved with his family to Russell, Geauga County,
Ohio, and thence in the following year to Chagrin
Falls, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, where the family re-
mained ten years. His wife died at Chagrin Falls
in 1846. and the next year the father removed to
Cleveland. Ohio, leaving C. C. Yemans at the home
of a farmer, where he was expected to work for his
board and have the privilege of a few months'
schooling during the winter. Not relishing this
arrangement, the son during 1847 secured the posi-
tion of cabin boy on board the screw steamer Bos-
ton, Captain Munroe, plying between Buffalo and
Chicago, and continued on the lakes for seven years,
becoming acquainted, by actual experience, with all
the hardships and .privations connected with a
sailor's life.

During the winter months of this period he lived
for the most part at Chagrin Falls and attended the
public school and Ashbury Seminary. In 1854,
by means of money saved from his pay as a sailor,
he entered a private academy at Chagrin Falls,
conducted by the Rev. F. D. Taylor. From this
institution he graduated in April, 1855, sailed part
of the following season as master of a vessel and
in the autumn began teaching a winter school
in Flat Rock. Wayne County, Michigan. The fol-
lowing summer he resided at Wyandotte, super-
intending for his father the erection of the rolling
mill at that place. The succeeding winter he taught
school at Ecorse, and afterwards in Wyandotte and
Trenton, pursuing as best he could the preparatory
studies for the University. At this time valuable
assistance was rendered him by Dr. E. P. Christian,
of Wyandotte, with whom he began the study of
Latin, and also by Dr. Nash, with whom he studied
algebra and logic. In the fall of 1859 he began a
classical course in the Ypsilanti Union Seminary,

I lo8 AUTHORS. EDITORS, PUBLISHERS. PHYSICIANS, MILITARY OFFICERS.

under the tuition of Prof. Estabrooke, remaining
two terms and then going to Dearborn, where he
taught for one year. Returning to Ypsilanti he pur-
sued his studies until the fall of 1861, and was then
prepared to enter the University, but not having
sufficient means he was compelled to abandon his
cherished plan and instead thereof he entered the
ministry the same fall as a member of Detroit Con-
ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, his first
pastoral appointment being at Southfield, Oakland
County.

In the fall of 1862, before his pastoral term had
ended, he volunteered as a private soldier, and was
soon afterward mustered into the Union service as
Second Lieutenant of Company D, Twenty-fourth
Michigan Infantry, commanded by Colonel Henry
A. Morrow. The Twenty-fourth Regiment was
brigaded with the Second, Sixth and Seventh Wis-
consin and Nineteenth Indiana, which brigade was
known as the Iron Brigade, and took part in the
battle of Fredericksburgh. In February, 1863,
Lieutenant Yemans was appointed an aide-de-camp
on the staff of General Meredith and acting assist-
ant inspector general, and as such participated in the
battles of Fitzhugh Crossing and Chancellorsville.
After the battle he was taken ill with a fever and
sent to Georgetown Hospital, and in July, 1863,
to St. Mary's Hospital, Detroit. In August follow-
ing, though far from well, he rejoined General
Meredith at Cambridge City, Indiana, and after
remaining about a month, his health continuing
feeble, by the advice and recommendation of Ex-
Surgeon-General Dr. Tripler, he resigned his staff
commission, a step he has since regretted as ill-
advised. After his resignation he resumed his.
ministerial duties and was appointed pastor of the
Methodist church at Minnesota Mine, Lake Supe-
rior, and was subsequently stationed at Commerce,
Plymouth, Negaunee and Ishpeming. At the two
latter places he secured the erection of churches
that now have large and prosperous congregations.
In 1867 he served as secretary of Detroit Confer-
ence, in session at Ann Arbor, and in 1870 was
appointed associate pastor with Rev. W. X. Ninde.
D. D., at the Central Methodist Episcopal Church,
Detroit, and in this year Lawrence University, at
Appleton, Wisconsin, conferred upon him the hon-
orary degree of A. M.

Having previously studied and practiced under
preceptors during his residence in the Lake Superior
country by assisting the mining surgeons, during
his pastorate at Detroit he continued the study
of medicine in the Detroit Medical College and
graduated in 1872. The same year he was ap-
pointed city physician, served for three months,
and was then appointed assistant surgeon under Dr.
James A. Brown to the Detroit House of Correc-

tion, serving as such until 1876. He was then
made surgeon-in-chief, a position he retained until
1 880, when he resigned his commission in order to
devote his time to private practice. During his
term as assistant surgeon he rendered especially
valuable service to the institution through two
epidemics of small-pox. In 1873 he was appointed
assistant demonstrator of anatomy, and m 1875 lec-
turer on chemistry in the Detroit Medical College,
and in 1882 was appointed United States Pension
Surgeon. He was one of the organizers of the
Michigan College of Medicine and held from the
first the position of professor of diseases of the
skin, resigning May ist, 1887, for the purpose of
devoting his entire time to special practice m derma-
tology. He is a member of the Detroit Academy
of Medicine and was its Vice-President in 1876,
and in September, 1887, was elected President He
is a member of the Wayne County Medical Society,
atul was its President for two successive years ;
and is also a member of the Detroit Medical and
Library Association and of the Michigan Medical
A ssociation.

His practice has been general in its character,
but has pertained largely to the diseases of the skin,
a branch of medical practice to which he has given
attention, and in the treatment of which he has
been very successful. He has written several arti-
cles pertaining to this subject which have been
widely circulated and favorably noticed by several
medical journals.

He is a member of Fairbanks Post No. 17, G. A.
R , and of the military order of the Loyal Legion,
and President of the Twenty-fourth Michigan Vete-
ran Association. During the period of the great
Chicago and Michigan fires in 1 87 1 he had charge
of the contributions made by the Young Men's
Christian Associations of the State in aid of the
sufferers, and was very energetic and successful in
securing and distributing the needed goods and
money which relieved thousands of cases. Of late
years he has been an extensive purchaser of real
estate in the northeastern part of the city, and
numerous advantages in the way of new streets and
other improvements have been obtained as the re-
sult of his exertions and good judgment. While
these improvements have contributed to -his own
financial advancement, his projects have been of a
character to profit others also ; and as a business
man his counsel is often sought. In 1887 he was
the Republican candidate for Mayor of Detroit.

It is greatly to the credit of Dr. Yemans that he
has obtained his position solely by his own exer-
tions. He had neither patrimony nor influential
friends to aid him, but he has been persistently
studious and laborious, and these qualities have
perhaps served him better than would other ad-

■7 /...-^'^ vc.^'?^^-^^

AUTHORS, EDITORS, PUBLISHERS, PHYSICIANS. MILITARY OFFICERS. 1 109

vantages. During the years when he was slowly
building up the present large practice, he made
substantial use of his knowledge of Greek, Latin,
German, and mathematics, supporting his family in
part by giving private instructions to a number of
young men in Detroit who have great reason to
thank him for his patient care and attention. He
has rare powers of persuasion, penetration and push,
and has triumphed over obstacles that would have
conquered hundreds of weaker spirits, but aided by
a competent helpmate and with unfaltering courage,
he has gone steadily forward, and though he may
have enemies there can be no doubt of his ability
to win and retain the friendship of many persons
who are as warm and appreciative as any could
desire.

He was married at Flat Rock, Michigan, in
April, ,1856, to Miss Mary Chamberlain ; they have
had four children. Dr. Herbert W. Yemans, their

eldest son, was born in 1857; graduated from the
Detroit Medical College in 1878, and the same year
was appointed surgeon of the English steamship
Palestine. Resigning his position when on the
other side of the Atlantic, he entered the medical
department of Strassburg University, where he
remained a year and a half, becoming an accom-
plished German scholar. He then returned to
Detroit and for a year continued his medical studies.
In July, 1877, he was appointed surgeon m the
United States Marine Hospital Service, and was
assigned to duty at Sitka, Alaska. He has made
two voyages into the Arctic Ocean under the direc-
tion of the government, and is now located at
Galveston, Texas. A daughter, Thena, now Mrs.
Robert Henkel, resides in Detroit. A son, Charles,
was killed in 1875, in a raih'oad accident. ^ ^^ird
son, C. C. Yemans, Jr., is in school at Saratoga
Springs, N. Y.

CHAPTER XCIIL

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

JOHN ATKINSON was bom at Warwick,
Lambton County, Canada, May 24, 1841. His
father, James Atkinson, was born in Ireland, Janu-
ary I, 1798, and was a man of liberal education and
a surveyor by profession. He married Elizabeth
Shinners in 1823. She was born in the County of
Clare, near the city of Limerick, Ireland. Her
mother, Lucy O'Brien, was a distant relative of
William Smith O'Brien, the distinguished leader in
the Irish Rebellion of 1848. In 1832 James Atkin-
son, with his family, emigrated to the New World,
first settling at Prescott, Canada, afterwards at
Toronto, then at Warwick, and finally at Port
Huron, Michigan. During the earlier years of his
experience in the West, his profession afforded him
but limited employment, and with all the vigor
and energy of the early pioneer, he turned his atten-
tion to clearing land. During the latter years of
his life, especially while at Port Huron, where he
located when his son John was thirteen years old,
he devoted his time entirely to surveying. He had
eleven children, nine of whom reached maturity.
Patrick, the eldest, during the War of the Rebel-
lion, was a member of Company C, Twenty-
second Michigan Volunteer Infantry, was captured
at the battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863,
and died in Andersonville Prison, June 22, 1864.
OBrien J., the eldest living son, was the first gradu-
ate of the Michigan Law School, and is practising
law at Port Huron. Thomas is a carpenter, at the
same place. William F., a lawyer at Detroit, served
in the Rebellion as Captain of Company K, Third
Michigan Volunteer Infantry. James J., also a
lawyer in Detroit, was Adjutant of the regiment in
which his brother William served.

The early education of John Atkinson was mostly
obtained at home, under the direction of his father
and mother, both of whom were liberally educated,
and had taught school in Ireland. He commenced
the study of law when he was less than sixteen, in
the office of William T. Mitchell and Hkrvey
McAlpine, of Port Huron. He took care of the
office and did all the copying required in an ex-

tensive business, receiving a salary running chrough
the years of his minority, of from $60 to $100 per
year. Through the kindness of the firm he was
allowed to be absent for two terms of six months
each, which he spent at the law school at Ann
Arbor, where he graduated m 1862. The day he
became of age he was admitted to practise in the
Supreme Court, sitting in Detroit, and immediately
began business in partnership with William T.
Mitchell, with whom he had previously studied.

He, however, had hardly entered upon the duties
of his profession before the War for the Union began
to assurhe the magnitude of a great conflict, and to
engage the attention of every well-wisher of his
country. On July 25, 1862, Mr. Atkinson was com-
missioned Second Lieutenant, and in the following
ten days he organized Company C, of the Twenty-
second Michigan Infantry, of which company he
was elected Captain. This company left for the
front September 4, 1862, under the command of
• ex-Governor Moses Wisner, became a part of the
brigade of General Judah, and was placed on the
heights of Covington for the defense of Cincinnati,
then threatened by General Kirby Smith, of the
rebel army. At the end of a month it was sent
upon an expedition against General John Morgan,
passing through Williamstow^n, Cynthiana, Mount
Sterling, and Paris, reaching Lexington, Kentucky,
about the last of October. It was then assigned to
the brigade of General Green Clay Smith, and to
the division of General Q. A. Gilmour. Up to this
period several skirmishes had taken place, but no
pitched battles. While with General Gilmour, the
regiment took part in the battle of Danville, and in
the campaign which followed, including the slight
engagements at Lancaster and Crabb Orchard. In
the early part of 1863, the Twenty-second regi-
ment was sent to Nashville, and joined the Army
of the Cumberland, serving in the division of
General James E. Morgan. At the time of the
advance upon Chattanooga, Captain Atkinson was
assigned to staff duty on the staff of General R. S.
Granger, which position he held at the time of the

[11 10]

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

IIII

battle of Chickamauga and therefore did not take
part in that engagement. Immediately after this
battle he rejoined his regiment at Chattanooga, as
Captain of Company C, and was in command at
the siege of that place. The first important battle
participated in by his regiment occurred during the
efforts made to open up communication with Gen-
eral Hooker's army, approaching from Alabama.
The Twenty-second regiment had charge of the pon-
toon bridge where General Sherman and his army
crossed the Tennessee river, but was in the reserve
during the battles of Mission Ridge and Lookout
Mountain. After the latter battle it was assigned
to the reserve brigade, and attached to General
Thomas' headquarters, and with him participated
in all the fighting from Chattanooga to Atlanta.
In front of Atlanta Captain Atkinson was pro-
moted to be Major of the Twenty-second regiment,
and assigned to recruiting service in Michigan. He
came to Detroit, and late in the summer of 1864
was placed in command of the camp at Pontiac,
with instructions to organize the Thirtieth regiment
Michigan Volunteers. During the following thirty
days he organized seven companies, four of which
were assigned to the Fourth Michigan Volunteers,
then being reorganized at Adrian, and the remain-
ing companies to the Third Michigan, being re-
organized at Grand Rapids. Major Atkinson was
made Lieutenant-Colonel of the latter regiment on
October 13, 1864, the rank to date from July 29,
1864. He accompanied the Third regiment to the
Army of the Cumberland, stationed at Nashville,
and participated in the engagements with Hood's
army, on its way to Nashville, at Decatur, Alabama.
His regiment formed a part of the force defending
Murfreesboro against General Forrest's cavalry,
during the battles of Franklin and Nashville. After
the battle, the Third regiment moved with the Army
of the Cumberland to Chattanooga, and into East
Tennessee as far as Jonesboro, and was at the lat-
ter place at the time of the surrender of General
Lee's and General Johnston's armies. From there
the Third returned to Nashville, and was immedi-
ately sent to New Orleans, to take part in the
campaign against General Kirby Smith. It remained
at New Orleans until August, 1865, when it was
sent to Indianola, Texas. From there it was ordered
to San Antonio, Texas, where it remained until
mustered out of service in the spring of 1866.
Colonel Atkinson participated in all these marches
and maneuvers, and while at Austin, Texas, served
on the staff of General Custer as Judge Advocate.
He was mustered out of the service February 24,
1866, and his military career then ended, except as
he served as Captain of the Detroit National Guards
in 1872.
Shortly before leaving the service, on February

I, 1866, while at San Antonio, Colonel Atkinson
married Lida Lyons, a native of Texas, daughter of
Dr. James H. Lyons, a surgeon in the Southern
army, and at one time Mayor of San Antonio.

He now returned to Port Huron and renewed his
law practice in partnership with John S. Crellen and
his brother, O'Brien J. Atkinson. Mr. Crellen died
soon after, and Cyrus Miles took his place as part-
ner, but the partnership was soon dissolved, and
Colonel Atkinson entered into partnership with
Anson E. Chadwick, under the firm name of Chad-
wick & Atkinson. They continued together until
1870, when Colonel Atkinson came to Detroit.
Here for one year he practiced alone, after which
he formed a partnership with General L. S. Trow-
bridge, which continued until 1873, when Colonel
Atkinson became editor and manager of the Daily
Union, a Democratic journal, of which he had
become the principal owner. He proved himself
to be a fearless and able journalist, but the venture
was not a financial success, and at the end of three
months the publication was discontinued, leaving
Colonel Atkinson deeply in debt, and although he
could have legally avoided liquidating certain obli-
gations, his sense of honor would not permit such a
course, and he eventually discharged every dollar of
the indebtedness, Returning to the practice of law
he became a partner with John G. Hawley, under
the firm name of Atkinson & Hawley. In 1875
James J. Atkinson, his brother, was admitted to the
firm, and in 1876, having been elected Prosecuting
Attorney, Mr. Hawley retired from the firm. J. T.
Kenna was next associated with the firm as partner,
remaining until 1881, when he retired, and William
F. Atkinson was admitted, and the next year
Colonel Atkinson retired. In 1883 he formed a
partnership with Judge Isaac Marsden, who had just
resigned his position as one of the Judges of the
Supreme Court of Michigan ; this last partnership
continued until March i, 1887, when Colonel Atkin-
son retired from the firm and gave up office practice.
At present, while still active in the profession, he
confines himself entirely to the trial of important
cases.

He takes an active interest in politics, and acted
with the Democratic party until 1881, although he
frequently protested against and sometimes actively
opposed its candidates.

He was appointed Collector of Customs at Fovt
Huron by Andrew Johnson in 1866, served until
March 4, 1867, and was rejected by the Senate
on purely political grounds. He was nominated
for Attorney-General in 1870, and for State Senator
in 1872, but declined both nominations. He was,
however, left upon the ticket, and defeated with his
party. He was elected a member of the Board of
Estimates, and served one term, during which he

I I 12

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

opposed the abolition of the Central Market and
advocated the purchase of Belle Isle.

In 1 88 1 Mr. Atkinson assisted the Republicans
in their municipal campaign, and helped to elect
William G. Thompson Mayor over William Brodie.
In 1882 he supported the Republican State and local
ticket, and in 1 883 received the unanimous vote of
the delegates of W^ayne County in the Republican
Convention for Justice of the Supreme Court, but
declined to be a candidate.

In 1884 he was nominated for Congress in
Wayne County on the Republican ticket, but his
opponents used the fact that he was a Roman Cath-
olic very successfully against him, and he was de-
feated by a large majority. In 1 887, Wayne County,
after a spirited contest, gave him fifty-nine out of
her sixty-nine votes in the Republican Convention
for Justice of the^ Supreme Court. He received
nearly three hundred votes in all, but was defeated
by Judge James V. Campbell.

In his profession Mr. Atkinson has never fol-
lowed any specialty. He has been engaged in
many important land cases, has gone through sev-
eral great will contests, and has been particularly
prominent in defending libel cases. He defended
the News in its great case with Hugh Peoples, in
which it was successful, and in its equally great
case with Dr. Maclean, in which it was beaten. He
has defended Luther Beecher in many cases brought
by ex-Mayor Wheaton, and has always succeeded
in preventing a recovery.

One of Mr. Atkinson's most important cases was
the defense of Mr. Babcock, of St. Johns, for accus-
ing a Congregational minister of not believing the
Bible to be the work of God. Under his cross-
examination, the plaintiff made such admissions
that the jury found the charge sustained. In the
practice of his profession, as in his political life,
Mr. Atkinson has provoked some strong antago-
nisms. Like most men of warm temperament, he is
sometimes unnecessarily severe, using words which
he afterwards deeply regrets. Other characteristics,
however, coupled with his really superior abilities,
make him a desirable friend, and among his associ-
ates he is deemed a most agreeable companion.

For the land of his ancestors he cherishes the
most tender feelings of sympathy, and as a member of
the American Land League has taken a warm and
active interest in the struggles made by the conserva-
tive leaders of Ireland, to mitigate, if possible, by
peaceful measures, the horrors of English misrule.
During the summer of 1886 he made an extended
tour through Ireland, not alone for recreation, but
more especially to become, by personal investigation,
familiar with the conditions of the people. He
returned increasingly convinced of the injustice
'with which Ireland has been treated by the English

Government, and can well afford to entertain an
opinion, the truth of which is conceded even by
Gladstone.

Since his residence in Detroit, Mr. Atkinson has
been a member of St. Patrick's Catholic Church.
He has had ten children, seven of whom are living^

LEVI BISHOP was born at Russell, Hampton
County, Massachusetts, October 15, 181 5. His
father, Levi Bishop, and his mother, Roxana
(Phelps) Bishop, w^ere both descendants of early
puritan settlers of New England. His father was
an independent farmer and gave his son the usual
advantages afforded by the schools of that period
and locality. When hardly twenty years old the
speculative fever of 1835 drew him to the west,
and on June ist of that year he arrived in Michigan.
After prospecting here and there he located perma-
nently in Detroit in 1 837, and two years later began
the study of law in the office of A. S. Porter, subse-
quently studying in the office of Judge Daniel
Goodwin. Within three years, in 1842, after passing
a highly creditable examination, he was admitted to
the bar. He became almost immediately prominent
in his profession ; was made a Master of Chancery
by the Governor on March 3, 1846, and appointed
to a similar office in connection with the United
States Courts on June 19, 185 1. He early became
zealously interested in the cause of public education
and served as a member of the Board of Education
continuously for ten years, from 1849 to 1859, and
from 1852, for a period of seven consecutive years,
was the President of the Board, holding the office
for nearly twice the length of time that any pre-
decessor or successor enjoyed the honor. No one
in all the years labored more effectually and intelli-
gently than he to promote the welfare of the
schools. The memory of his labors is appropriately
commemorated in the school building which bears
his name.

His time was always gratuitously given in pub-
lic affairs and he rendered services without fee or
reward that in later years have cost the city many
thousands of dollars. He was compelled under the
system then prevailing, to assume heavy responsi
bilities and disburse large amounts of money, and
every trust, either public or private, was faithfully
and honestly administered. His connection with
educational affairs was fitly closed with his election
as Regent of the State University. He held the
position from 1858 to 1864, and was influential in
various ways in promoting the welfare of the insti-
tution.

In 1855 he was president of the Young Men's
Society, then in the zenith of its usefulness and
strength. From 1 876, up to the time of his death,
a period of six years, he held the position of City

\

^v^v

:\^v\\v\^

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

1113

Historiographer, and did much to awaken interest
in historic research. He was chiefly instrumental
in the organization of the Wayne County Pioneers
Society in 1871, and served as its president for ten
years. He may also be properly styled the founder
of the State Pioneer Society, as his efforts, more
than those of any other person, secured its establish-
ment. He presented many valuable papers and
documents to both societies and his presence was
much sought at local gatherings of pioneer citizens.
Through his literary productions he achieved
more than local fame. His most elaborate work, an
epic poem in twenty-eight cantos, descriptive of
Indian life and character in the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries, is entitled, " Teuschsa Grondie."
It was published in an octavo of about 600 pages and
at least three editions were issued. He also wrote
many other poems and prose articles on a variety of
historic subjects, besides translating several French
plays, and was especially well versed in French lit-
erature and conversed with ease in that language.

His abilities were recognized outside of his own
circle, and he was honored with a membership in
the Royal Historical Society of Great Britain, and
in 1876 was appointed a delegate to the Interna-
tional Congress of Americanists, at Luxembourg.
In 1 861 he went abroad and traveled entensively
on the continent, and his letters home, published in
the Advertiser, showed that he possessed rare
powers of observation and description.

It should not be forgotten, however, that his
connection with the law preceded and kept pace
with his special literary pursuits. As a lawyer he
evinced great natural ability. He was a diligent
student, a comprehensive thinker, always loyal to his
clients, fond of debate, and almost invincible before
a jury with language that was forcible and elegant.
He possessed an indomitable will, with a deter-
mined and courageous spirit, that overcame any
obstacle. He was high-spirited, ardently inter-
ested and absorbed in whatever he undertook, but
always genial and accommodating, and a strong and
devoted friend. Politically he was a Democrat,
and during 1863 and 1864 served as chairman of
the State Central Committee. His religious con-
victions were strong and clear, and he was a regu-
lar attendant upon the services at St. Paul's Prot-
estant Episcopal Church.

He married Janet M. Millard, daughter of Col-
onel Ambrose Millard, of Tioga, Pennsylvania. He
died on December 23, 188 r, at the residence on
Jefferson Avenue, where the family had lived for
many years.

JAMES VALENTINE CAMPBELL, for near-
ly a generation a judge of the Supreme Court of
Michigan, was born in Buffalo, New York, on Feb-

ruary 25, 1823. As his name shows, he is of
Scotch descent, and there are family traditions of
an ancestor who, under an arrangement with the
crown, brought many Scotch emigrants to this
country. These colonists settled in eastern New
York, a region in which to this day the Campbell
clan is conspicuous. The judge's father, Henry M.
Campbell, married Lois Bushnell. She was born
and brought up in Vermont and belonged to a
family whose name was familiar in New England
from the days of the Mayflower. Its most fatnoiio
representative is, perhaps, the celebrated Congrega-
tional divine, Horace Bushnell. who was a first
cousin of the judge.

Henry M. Campbell removed to western New
York before the War of 1 8 1 2. During that war the
family suffered considerable loss, and in 1826 they
moved to Detroit. Mr. Campbell had been a
county judge in New York and a like judicial posi-
tion was conferred on him in Michigan. He sent his
two sons, Henry and James V., to St. Paul's College,
at Flushing, L. I., an Episcopal institution of high
rank, and presided over by the late Dr. Muhlenberg.
James V., the younger of the two, graduated in
1 841, returned home and studied law with the firm
of Douglass & Walker. In 1844 he was admitted
to practice and became one of the firm. The senior
partner, Samuel T. Douglass, afterwards one of the
judges of the Supreme Court, married Elizabeth
Campbell, the judge's sister. Henry N. Walker,
the other partner, became Attorney-General. Both
were early reporters of Michigan decisions and
there is reason to believe that much of the work on
Walker's Chancery Reports was done by the junior
member of the firm. About this time the Univer-
sity of Michigan was reorganized and Mr. Camp-
bell became the Secretary of the Board of Regents
and continued to serve for a number of years.

When the Law Department was established in
1858 he was appointed to the Marshall professor-
ship and held it for twenty-five years, and in 1866
the first honorary degree of Doctor of Laws that
the University conferred, was bestowed upon him.
He was always efficient in all efforts for the ad-
vancement of education and letters. In 1848 he
was elected as a member of the Board of Education
of Petroit, and served also from 1854 to 1858, and
one of the schools for many years has very fitly
been designated by his name.

He was long a member and served as President
of the Young Men's Society of Detroit in 1848.
This organization, though now defunct, was a power
in its early days and established a large and valuable
library. In 1880, when the Public Library was put
under the control of a commission. Judge Camp-
bell was made president of that body and still con-
tinues to hold the position.

III4

LAWYERS AND JUDGES.

In 1858 the Supreme Court of the State was first
organized as an independent body,- and although
less than 35 years old, Mr. Campbell was chosen
one of the four judges, and has since been four
times re-elected and is now in his fifth term, hav-
ing served continuously "for thirty years. His
opinions begin in the fifth volume of the reports and
are to be found in more than sixty of the regular
series. When Judges Christiancy, Cooley, and
Graves were his associates the court ranked among
the first of the final tribunals of the several states.
It has been considered doubtful if it was surpassed
by even the National Supreme Court. Judge
Campbell's most conspicuous characteristics, while
on the bench, have been his conscientious adher-
ence to the common law, his familiarity with the
English decisions, and his jealous protection of the
rights of local self-government.

The language of his decisions, as is apt to be the
case with those who are familiar with classical and
foreign tongues, is extremely simple. He is a
ready, rapid and fluent public speaker, even when
he has had little chance for preparation. He is as
ready in literary composition, and his brethren of
the bench have often marveled at the rapidity with
which he wrote. He is frequently called upon for
addresses on public occasions, and a number of
these have been issued in pamphlet form. He has
also contributed to various periodicals.

His only extended work is a handsome octavo
entitled, "Outlines of the Political History of
Michigan." It was produced in the course of a
few months in 1875-6, and in compliance with an
official request, that he should write an account of
the State for the Centennial year. Although pre-
pared in a short time it is the most complete and
comprehensive history of Michigan ever issued and
contains much rare and valuable material not found
elsewhere. In addition to his public literary work
he has also often amused himself and entertained
his children at the Christmas season by describing
in verse, that is sometimes suggestive of Scott and
sometimes of Macauley, the dress, customs, and
traditions of the early inhabitants of Michigan.
Several of the historical poems, through his courtesy
were reproduced in the original edition of Farmer's
History of Detroit and Michigan,

Since his judicial life began he has of course held
no so-called political office, but in December, 1886,
by appointment of Governor Alger, he represented
the State at the meeting held in Philadelphia to
arrange for celebrating the Centennial of the Na-
tional Constitution.

He has always been ready to identify himself
with, and aid every benevolent, patriotic, religious,
and literary endeavor. He has been a vestryman
of St. Paul's for many years and whenever neces-

sary for the good of the church has taken an active
and conspicuous part in its management. Indeed
his relations to St. Paul's recall the interest that
Chief Justice Jay used to show in old Trinity, and
like Chief Justice Jay, his efforts and example have
been in opposition to inroads of mere ritualism.
He has been for thirty years the secretary of the
Standing Committee of the Diocese.

Both nature and education have combined to
make Judge Campbell one of the notable citizens
of Detroit. He is wonderfully gifted with the art
of pleasing and profiting thos^ who are privileged
with his acquaintance. His manner is so agreeable,
his spirit so friendly, and his ability to instruct so
varied, that one easily respects and admires him,
and he is apparently always at leisure to do a favor or
furnish information, and those who come in contact
with him would be cold blooded indeed if they did
not learn to love him for his courtesy and kind-
ness.

He was married November 8, 1849, to Cornelia,
a daughter of Chauncey Hotchkiss, the descendant
of an old Connecticut family. She was born at
Oneida Castle, New York, August 17, 1823 and
died at Detroit, May ?, 1888 They have had
six children, five sons and a daughter who took
her mother's name. Two of the sons, Henry M.
and Charles H., are lawyers, practicing in Detroit;
James V. is a banker, Douglas H. is a devoted
naturalist, who has made a specialty of botanical
„ studies which he has followed in Germany ; Edward
D. is a mining engineer and metallurgist.

Judge Campbell died March 26, 1890.

DON M. DICKINSON was born at Port On-
tario, Oswego County, New York, January 17, 1846.
His father and mother were both of long lines of
sturdy American descent. One of his ancestors
was with General Wolfe when that brave officer fell
on the Heights of Abraham, and another withstood
the rigors of Valley Forge with Washington.

His father was Colonel Asa C. Dickinson, a man
of sterling ability, capacity and character, who came
to Michigan in 1848, and was a resident of the city
of Detroit for nearly forty years. His mother was
a daughter of the Rev. Jesseriah Holmes, a latter-
day Puritan clergyman of Pomfret, Conn., widely
known and esteemed for his learning and devout
piety.

The younger Dickinson came to Detroit with his
parents in 1852, when he was six years old, and has
ever since made the city his home. His earlier
education was acquired in the public schools. He
proved a bright, studious, persevering, successful
scholar. After passing through the public schools
of Detroit he studied under a private tutor and
prepared for the University of Michigan. He

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LAWYERS AND JUDGES.

III5

oraduated from the Michi8:an University Law
School in the class of 1867, but was unable to spare
the necessary time to finish the classical course at
the same institution.

In his young manhood he had for a time to en-
oage in manual labor to acquire the means for his
education, and it is the testimony of those cogmzant
of the fact that he worked with characteristic zeal
and energy.

As soon as he became of age he began the prac-
tice of the law in Detroit. Soon afterward, June
15, 1869, he was married at Grand Rapids to Miss
Frknces' Piatt, daughter of Dr. Alonzo Piatt, and
granddaughter of the late Dr. Phillip Brigham.

Extraordinary capacity for and thoroughness m
work, with a courage never shaken, fine knowledge
of the law and alertness of mind, added to thorough
integrity and fidelity to trust, were the qualities with
which Mr. Dickinson engaged in the practice of his
profession at the age of 21. He early showed re-
markable aptitude in the conduct of cases and for
business management, which, combined with clear-
headedness and great energy, soon brought him
prominently into public notice. He rose very rap-
idly in his profession and soon became a leading
practitioner in the courts. Before he was twenty-five,
he was one of the prominent, and before he was
thirty, one of the most prominent members of the
^lichigan bar.

For nearly eighteen years Don M. Dickinson has
been on one side or the other of nearly every im-
portant case in or from Michigan, and his clientage
has for a long term of years been the largest in the
State, and one of the largest in the Northwest.
The diversity and importance of his cases have
taken him many times into the Supreme Courts of
other States, and he has long been prominent at the
bar of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Among the many famous litigations in which he
has been counsel there may be mentioned the
great ship canal cases involving property now
worth $20,000,000, and a series of suits lasting
nearly a decade, involving a conflict of juris-
diction between the Federal and State courts ; the
Campau will case, the Ward case, the Mamie-Gar-
land collision cases, the Pewabic Mine case, and the
Bates case against the People's Savings Bank. All
of these causes reached the Supreme Court of the
United States, except some of the will cases, and
Mr. Dickinson was signally successful in all of
them. A great number of minor cases have been
taken by him to the Supreme Court with marked
success. In the famous case of Paris et al. vs.
Wheeler et al., in the Supreme Court at Washing-
ton, he defeated the Michigan Prohibitory law by a
position originated by him, and which he clung to
in the face of general professional opinion, until

success was achieved, with that tenacity which is
one of the distinguishing characteristics of his life.
In the State and Federal cases referred to most of
the leaders of the bar were against him, and three-
fourths of the Federal and the county circuits, the
Federal courts, with a full bench, including Justice
Swayne, were the other way. The United States
Supreme Court, on the preliminary hearing, in
which the brilliant Senator Matt. Carpenter was
with Mr. Dickinson, clearly ruled against his posi-
tion. He kept steadily on his way, however, and
finally in the Le Roux case he triumphed with a
unanimous bench and an opinion which itself ac-
knowledged the courts' error at the earlier hearing,
and the correctness of the fundamental principle
for which Mr. Dickinson had contended in favor of
the independence of the State courts of Federal
control. His most widely known, and perhaps his
greatest effort at the bar, up to the present time,
was his brief and argument for Drawbaugh in the
noted telephone cases. His oral argument is
printed in full in 126th U. S. Supreme Court Re-
ports. While the defense was overruled by a ma-
jority of four to three, yet of the many defenses in
the Supreme Court in these cases the Drawbaugh
case was the only one not overruled by a unanimous
bench, and for that defense Mr. Dickinson made
the only brief. Senator Edmunds, also counsel for
Drawbaugh, offered Mr. Dickinson a portion of his
time on the argument, and afterwards many times
compUmented his effort in the highest terms. Asso-
ciate Justices Field, Harlan and Bradley dissented,
and their opinion is on the lines and theory of Mr.
Dickinson's brief.

In the Palms will case— a cause ciVebre in Detroit
—Mr. Dickinson gave the will a rigid examination,
and embodied his views in an elaborate written
opinion to the contestant, in which he expressed the
belief that the will was valid. After this the contest-
ant insisted that he should proceed with the contest,
offering a large retainer. He declined because of
the opinion he entertained, and assured her that her
suits would fail. The Supreme Court ultimately
ruled substantially in accordance with Mr. Dickin-
son's opinion, and the contestants wasted $50,000
in a suit that he advised against.

While Mr. Dickinson's services have always com-
manded large retainers, and while he has built up a
great business, he has not been counsel for great
corporations and monopolies, and he is singularly
free from legal associations with them. In many
notable instances his services have been enlisted
against them, and he has won a large number of
important cases against corporations.

Mr. Dickinson has often tendered valuable ser-
vices to deserving claimants who were not able to
properly compensate him, won their just causes for

11(6

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

them, and declining compensation, received in re-
turn only the gratitude of his clients for his great-
heartedness.

In the fall of 1889 he undertook the task of se-
curing the rights of the homesteaders who had
settled on the forfeited land grants of the Ontonagon
& Brule railroad, in the Upper Peninsula, fought
their cases gallantly through all the higher courts,
and saved them from eviction from their humble
homes, without rendering any bill for his services.

Mr. Dickinson, while yet a young man, made a
close study of the Constitution, and formed strong
political convictions before he attained his majority.
His interest was enlisted in political affairs before
he was 21, and as soon as he reached that age an
active participation begun which has never since
lagged. Profoundly believing in the fundamental
principles of his party, Mr. Dickinson is a Democrat
after the order of Thomas Jefferson, and his ideal
living representative of the ancient and immortal
principles of Democracy is Grover Cleveland. He
cast his first vote for Horatio Seymour in 1868, and
has been a sturdy, consistent, self-reliant and pro-
gressive Democrat ever since. His elevation to
prominence in public life was as rapid as his rise at
the bar. In 1872, at the age of twenty-five, he was
chosen by the Democratic State Convention a mem-
ber of the State Central Committee for the First
Congressional District, and was subsequently made
Secretary of the committee. In this capacity he
took a leading part in the Michigan campaign for
Horace Greeley. He threw himself into the work
of the canvass with ardor and energy, and did the
hardest portion of the campaign work. While the
Democratic party was conspicuously unsuccessful
at the polls that year, the canvass laid the founda-
tion for the remarkable growth w^hich it showed in
Michigan within a few years. The young Demo-
crat, who is the subject of this sketch, had been
personally devoted to Horace Greeley, and was so
deeply grieved over the death of that distinguished
man after the great disappointment of his life, that
he resigned his position as Secretary of the State
Central Committee, in a letter in which he criticised
those members of his party who had not supported
Greeley. This letter was long afterward sought to
be used to show a lapse from the Democratic faith
at that time, but the publication of his pathetic
tribute to Greeley, and stirring and prophetic words
about the future of his party, and the clear nega-
tion of any thought of affiliation with the Republi-
can party, only served to increase the number ol his
friends.

Instead of withdrawing from the party, he re-af-
firmed his fealty to it, under the revivifying and
progressive leadership of Tilden, and he continued
to take higher rank among its leaders in the State.

Mr. Dickinson was chosen Chairman of the
Democratic State Central Committee of Michigan in
the great campaign of 1876. He was then twenty-
nine years old, and the youngest man ever elevated
to this party eminence in the State He conducted
a brilliant campaign for Tilden that year. The
Democratic party was for the first time thoroughly
organized in the State, and the splendid canvass
made by the young chairman resulted in almost
doubling the Democratic vote cast at the preceding-
Presidential election, and in hammering the vast
Republican majority of nearly 60,000 down to less
than 15,000. The Democratic vote was 5,000 in
excess of the highest vote ever before polled by the
Republicans. From this time Michigan began to
be considered a doubtful State, and from this time
Mr. Dickinson was universally recognized as the
leader of his party in the State. Before the cam-
paign he became personally acquainted w4th the sage
of Gramercy, and one of his trusted national lieuten-
ants, and the warm friendship began between them
which did not terminate until the death of the hero
and martyr of the stupendous wrong of 1876, ten
years afterward.

Mr. Dickinson was elected first delegate -at-large
to the Democratic National Convention at Cincin-
nati in 1880, and acted as Chairman of the Michi-
gan delegation on the floor of the convention.

He strongly advocated the nomination of Gover-
nor Cleveland for the Presidency in 1884, and was
Chairman of the State Convention that elected the
delegates to the National Convention of that year.
At the convention he was unanimously chosen
Michigan's representative upon the National Demo-
cratic Committee. In this new post of party duty
Mr. Dickinson rendered splendid service, and in
the campaign of that year the Republican majority
almost reached the vanishing point.

Michigan entered upon an era of unprecedented
political importance in the spring of 1885, and for
the next few years she reaped many more political
rewards than had fallen to her lot in previous years,
and became of much more importance politically
than she had been for many years. These facts
were due largely to the exercise of the growing
influence of the Michigan member of the National
Committee with the new administration. Mr. T^ick-
inson in every way merited the confidence reposed
in him by the President when he accepted him as a
special adviser and representative in Michigan.
Not only were the offices within the State filled
with representative men of ability and excellent
reputation, but the State received an unusually
large number of first-class Federal appointments
general in their character. Among these may be
mentioned the Mission to Russia, Governorship of
Alaska, Supreme Justiceship of the District of

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

1 1 17

Columbia, Inter-State Commerce Commissioner,
Commissi'onership .of Patents, Assistant Indian
Commissionership, Mission to Belgium, British
Treaty Commissioner, and a large number of other
important places.

Mr. Dickinson had throughout his life persis-
tently refused the use of his name for any elective
or appointive public office. He had never asked or
anticipated reward for his political services. What
he did was done for the love of doing. He had a
reputation as one of the finest political organizers
in the United States, and — what was far more
ui^ique — of being a prominent politician, who would
neither ask nor accept a public place.

The Legislature of 1885 was the closest politi-
cally that the State had chose'n for many years, and
the campaign in 1886 was a very animated one.
Many leading Democrats announced Mr. Dickinson
as their choice for United States Senator in the
event of the election of a Democratic Legislature,
and he was accepted with pleasure by the party as
its prospective Senator. All this, however, was
without either his assent or approval, and in the
middle of the campaign he clearly defined his posi-
tion in a letter to the Democracy of the State, pub-
lished in The Detroit Free Press, in which he said :

" Such a candidacy would be false to the wishes
1 have professed for the last twelve years— smce
the redemption of Michigan, and the election of a
Democratic Senator have seemed to me probable.
Since then I have never been conscious of any
faltering in my hope, of any abatement in my trust,
that when victory should come the party would
adorn the House of Senators by placing there one
of the Silver Greys who taught us and led us in
the dark days of disaster and defeat, when the only
light of the way was high principle, and the only
reward of good fighting a clear conscience."

His name was also several times considered by
President Cleveland for important places, and their
tender prevented only by Mr. Dickinson's assurance
that he preferred private life.

In the fall of 1887 President Cleveland tendered
Mr. Dickinson the position of Postmaster-General
in his Cabinet. Mr. Dickinson was at first averse
to accepting the trust and declineld it. As one of
the most distinguished men of Michigan has put it
"he idealized President Cleveland as the Hving
representative of all that he believed good for the
people according to his convictions on fundamental
principles of government. But when the President
tendered him this position he declined it, and only
reconsidered the refusal and took the office when
he became convinced that the President felt that he
actually needed him." And even then he only ac-
cepted it upon the assurance that he would not be
called upon to continue in the service of the Presi-
dent after the end of that term.

Mr. Dickinson's name was sent to the Senate as
the successor of Gen. Wm. F. Vilas, as Postmaster-
General, Dec. 5, 1887. After a delay of about six
weeks, caused by the consideration of the Lamar
case, he was unanimously confirmed by the Senate
on the motion of Thomas W. Palmer, then
senior Senator from Michigan. He was the young-
est member of President Cleveland's Cabinet, and
the fourth citizen of Michigan to attain a seat at
the great round table of a President of the United
States. He was seven years younger than Gen.
Lewis Cass when he entered the great Jackson's
Cabinet as Secretary of War, and thirty-three years
younger than the same ripe statesman and scholar
when he became the premier of James Buchanan.
Mr. Dickinson was also seven years younger than
Governor Robert McClelland when he entered
Pierce's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, and
twenty years younger than Zachariah Chandler,
when he took his seat in the same capacity under
President Grant.

In the dual capacity of member of the Presi-
dent's privy council, and executive officer of one of
the most important departments of the government,
Mr. Dickinson became one of the chief figures of
the strong, virile administration of President Cleve-
land. In the larger field of duty as an adviser of
the President upon great questions of national
executive policy, he rendered distinguished public
service.

A warm personal friendship existed between
President Cleveland and Mr. Dickinson, and he
served " the Great Chief" with entire devotion and
singleness of purpose. No President ever received
a more loyal and unselfish service than that ren-
dered Grover Cleveland by Don M. Dickinson.

The Post-office department is one of infinite
detail, but Mr. Dickinson thoroughly mastered its
work. He did not depend on the machinery of
Assistants Postmasters-General, Chiefs of Division,
etc., etc., as had been the case with many of his
predecessors. He was something more than a
mere writer of autographs at the foot of official
communications to Congress, formal reports and
the other state papers of his department. His
signature was attached to no official document until
he was thoroughly familiar with it. He was un-
doubtedly one of the most indefatigable workers
in any of the modern Cabinets.

The Post-office department, under Mr. Dickin-
son's administration made a better showing than
ever before in its history. The business of the
department not only greatly increased, but it was
conducted at less expense. He made hundreds of
influential friends throughout the country by his
energetic and statesmanlike conduct of his high
office. He was business-like, courageous and forci-

iii8

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

ble. He was the first Postmaster-General to strike
the mammoth mail subsidy jobs in Congress.
Perhaps his strongest state paper was a letter
against steamship subsidies which he 'sent to the
House of Representatives, and which carried a
large Republican vote in the House against the bill,
after it had passed the Republican Senate as a
party measure. The bill failed in the House by a
large majority and the Postmaster-General was
universally credited with having caused its defeat.

During his term the great western strike of 1888
occurred, and while it was in progress Postmaster-
General Dickinson established an important pre-
cedent relative to the transportation of the mails by
railway corporations. He took the position that
the Postoffice department had nothing to do with
the strike of the engineers, and that the Atchinson,
Topeka & Santa Fe road was under contract for
the transportation of the mails, and it was its duty
to transport them. The railroad company sought
with some adroitness, to transfer the contest from one
between itself and its engineers to one between the
engineers and the government. But in the corres-
pondence between the department and the railroad
officers, the Postmaster-General declined to become
a party to the contest between the corporation and
its striking employees.

Postmaster-General Dickinson simply declared
that the mails must go. If the company did not
move them the department would adopt other
methods. But in any event the mails would go.

The striking engineers tendered their services to
man the necessary engines to transport the mails,
and the department signified its confidence in the
striking workingmen by saying that it would use
them.

The railroads were thus placed in a position
where they could not decline to carry the mails.
They then demanded extra compensation for trans-
porting them on the ground that they were obliged
to run trains especially for them. But this Post-
master-General Dickinson declined to allow, hold-
ing that the railroad company's contract required
it to transport the mails " at the prices therein pro-
vided.*'

The railroad corporation then unconditionally
surrendered. It wisely concluded that it would ac-
cept the services of its striking engineers and for-
ward the mails. Thus the valuable precedent was
established that the railroads of the country must
carry out their contracts with the government, par-
ticularly in connection with the transportation of
the mails, under all circumstances, and that the
strikes of the engineers or other employees of any
company does not relieve them from the responsibil-
ity. It also demonstrated that the government had
confidence in the integrity of striking workmen.

As Postmaster-General, Mr. Dickinson was an
earnest advocate of the postal telegraph, of gov-
ernment proprietorship of public buildings as a
means of stopping the wasteful rent system, op-
posed the authorization of indemnity and guarantee
corporations created under state laws to become
sureties on official bonds required by Federal
statutes, and favored many other decided reforms in
the department, a large number of which were
carried into effect during his administration.

Prior to the assembling of the Democratic na-
tional convention of 1888 the name of the Post-
master-General was widely discussed for the nomi-
nation for the Vice-Presidency on the ticket with
President Cleveland. Chairman Barnum, of the
Democratic National Committee, Hon. W. L. Scott,
and many others of the most conspicuous Demo-
crats in the country declared in favor of his nomi-
nation. When the convention met there was a
strong undercurrent favorable to his selection.
But the Michigan delegation, which was devoted to
him, did not present his name to the convention,
thus serving him with more fidelity than if his name
had been offered. The Michigan delegated voted
for Allen G. Thurman, of whose nomination Mr.
Dickinson had been one of the original and most
earnest advocates.

During the campaign Mr. Dickinson visited
Michigan for a short time, and made a few notable
speeches, one of which— a peculiarly forcible review
of James G. Blaine's public career— played an im-
portant part in the canvass, and was credited with
being one of the strongest speeches of the year.

Postmaster-General Dickinson retired from the
Cabinet, March 5th, 1889, as he had intended to do
in the event of the President's re-election. He soon
afterward made a short trip to Cuba with President
Cleveland and some of his late associates in the
Cabinet, and then returned to his home in Detroit.

He refused several brilliant offers to engage in
practice in New York, preferring to continue at the
head of the old firm of Dickinson, Thurber &
Stevenson, in Detroit, and to enjoy a great and
constantly increasing business, the income of the
firm being larger than ever before.

He has always taken a keen interest in the wel-
fare of his city, and has been one of the most public-
spirited of its citizens. No man iri the city has
warmer or a greater number of personal friends. He
is closely identified with nearly every enterprise
designed to promote the prosperity of Detroit, and
has in addition to his fame as a statesman and great
counselor, gained a reputation as a public-spirited,
progressive citizen in all the extensive ramifications
of his business.

Ten years ago a prominent Michigan man writ-
ing of the subject of this sketch said : " He has

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JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

I 119

habits oi patient, intelligent and thorough research,
intense application and splendid judgment.^ His
generosity leaves no room for jealousy ; his fairness,
no cause for carping, and his inbred courtesy de-
mands kind regard. The primary cause of his
success is his unswerving integrity. The right
never appeals to him in vain for a defender, and the
wrong never finds in him an advocate. He has
energy, clear judgment and personal magnetism.
Witii his cultured mind, generous heart, unsullied
reputation and masterful purpose, he is destined to
stand among the guardians of the country."

What was true then is true now. It is even
more true, for the things predicted of Don M.
Dickinson have transpired. He has taken his place
among the foremost citizens of the Republic. His
reputation is national as a man of brilliant attain-
ments, intellectual rectitude, convictions on funda-
mental principles of government, fealty to the Gos-
pel of the Constitution and abiding faith in the wis-
dom of the people.

His political career is regarded by his friends in
his state and throughout the country as having but
just begun. ^' H- ^^'

JULIAN G. DICKINSON, attorney and coun-
sellor at law, was born at Hamburg, New York,
November 20, 1843. His parents were William
and Lois (Sturtevant) Dickinson, and of their family,
Julian G. and Dr. J. C. Dickinson, of Detroit, are
the only survivors. In 1852 the family removed
from New York to Michigan ; residing at Jonesville
until 1857, and at Jackson until 1865.

Julian G. Dickinson received his rudimentary
education in the Union Schools of Jonesville and
Jackson. He enlisted July 10, 1862, as a volunteer
in the Fourth Michigan Cavalry, which joined the
Army of the Cumberland near Louisville, Kentucky,
in October, 1862. He served three years with that
command in the field, and participated in eighty
battles and in ten thousand miles of marching.
He was appointed Sergeant -Major, and after the
battle of Kingston, Georgia, upon recommendation
of his commanding officer for " good fighting and
attention to duty," was commissioned First Lieuten-
ant and Adjutant of the regiment. He participated
in General Wilson's campaign with the Cavalry Corps
from Chickasaw, Alabama, to Macon, Georgia, and
was commended for "bravery and efficiency." He
was present on the staff of General B. D. Pritchard at
the capture of Jefferson Davis, and arrested that
distinguished fugitive who was seeking to escape
from his camp in female attire. For this service he
was mentioned to the Secretary of War by General
I'ritchard and General J. H. Wilson, was commis-
sioned Brevet Captain United States Volunteers,
and was subsequently commissioned Captain of

Cavalry by Governor Crapo. At the close of the
war on August 15, 1865, he was mustered out of
service.

In October of the same year he entered the Law
Department of the University of Michigan, and in
1866 came to Detroit, and entered the law office of
Moore & Griffin, where he remained until 1868.
He was admitted to the bar, upon examination
before the Judges of the Supreme Court of Michigan
at the October term of 1867. In 1868 he formed a
law partnership with Horace E. Burt, under the firm
name of Dickinson & Burt, and acquired a success-
ful practice. In 1 870 he became a partner with Don
M. Dickinson, the firm name being Dickinson &
Dickinson; dissolved in 1873. He was for some
years interested in the banking business of E. K.
Roberts & Co., of Detroit, having the largest interest
in that house until 1877. In 1882 he was admitted
to the bar in the Supreme Court of the United
States, and conducted the first case on an appeal to
that court from a judgment of the Supreme Court
of Michigan. Besides his practice in the courts he
is counsel for a large and important clientage.
The record of his cases in the Supreme Court is
highly creditable for the character and importance
of the cases and for the honorable and successful
manner in which they have been conducted.

A hard and close student and a careful observer,
he is not disposed to lower the standard of his pro-
fession, and his manifest aim is to do justly and to
promote the real welfare of his clients. In disposi-
tion, he is known by his friends to be warm-hearted
and appreciative.

He was married June 25, 1878, to Clara M.,
daughter of H. R. Johnson, of Detroit. They have
four children, William H., Alfred, Thornton, and
Julian. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dickinson are mem-
bers of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church.

SAMUEL T. DOUGLASS, one of the oldest
living members of the Detroit Bar, was born at
Wallingford, Rutland County, Vermont, February
28, 1 81 4, and his ancestors were among the early
settlers of New England. While he was a child his
parents removed to the village of Fredonia, C hau-
tauqua County, New York, where he received an
academic education and studied law in the office of
James Mullett, for many years a judge of the Su-
preme Court of New York. In the year 1832 Mr.
Douglass went to Saratoga and continued his law
studies under the preceptorship of the distinguished
Esek Cowen.

. Five years later he removed to Detroit, where he
was admitted to the bar and soon after began to prac-
tice at Ann Arbor. In 1838 he returned to Detroit
and became a member of the firm of Bates. Walker
& Douglass, his partners being Asher B. Bates and

iiigA

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

Henry N. Walker. Mr. Bates retired about 1840
and the firm became Douglass & Walker, so con-
tinuing until 1845. when James V. Campbell, who
had been a student in the office, was admitted to
partnership, the style of the firm being " Walker,
Douglass & Campbell. In 1845 Mr. Douglass be-
came State Reporter, and two volumes of reports
bear his name. In 1851 he was elected Judge of
the Circuit Court of the Third Circuit, and during his
term served not only as Circuit Judge, but as one of
the judges of the Supreme Court, which was com-
posed of the judges of the several circuit courts.
He took his seat as Judge of the Supreme Court on
January i, 1852, and served until 1857, when a
change in the political control of the State caused
his retirement, and he resumed his profession. As a
lawyer he has been almost uniformly successful,
and has been connected with many of the most
important cases in the State ; he is especially strong
in analysis and argument, and is often retained in
equity cases. He is an excellent judge of human
nature and when he gave more attention to jury
trials had great influence over a jury, due rather to
his thorough mastery of his case, and his candor,
sincerity and earnestness, than to the graces or arts
of oratory. As an adviser, he is calm, thorough
and conscientious, and when he has thoroughly
mastered a case and decides upon the course of
procedure, it is quite safe to look for favorable
results. His written opinions upon law points are
models of clearness and completeness ; he con-
structs carefully and evidently with laborious and
painstaking care.

He was one of the earliest members of the Board
of Education, serving in 1843 and '44, and also in
1858 and '59, and has always taken special interest
in the advancement of the school system. During
his last term on the School Board, the litigation
with the county was instituted which resulted in the
obtaining, by the city, of a large amount of money
which had accrued from fines and penalties, and
which had previously gone into the county treasury
and been diverted to other purposes than those
contemplated by law. The money belonged of
right to the district library funds, and the result of
the litigation, in which Mr. Douglass took an active
part, secured a large amount of money for the Pub-
lic Library of Detroit. Aside from the offices
already named, the only public positions he has
held were those of City Attorney for a few months
in 1 842 and President of the Young Men's Society
in 1843.

His political allegiance has always been given to
the Democratic party, though always with frank
avowal of his dissent from what he deemed its
errors; and he can hardly be said to have been
an active politician. His duties as a judge and his

extended legal practice, prevented his entering for
any length of time, into the arena of active political
life.

He has always been a student and interested not
only in legal lore, but in the wide range of subjects
interesting to all persons of culture. His tastes
have especially led him to the study of natural
science and this fact in part, doubtless, originated in
his early and intimate acquaintance with his relative,
Dr. Douglass Houghton, with whom he made some
exploring tours in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
when it was almost entirely unsettled. His delight
in nature and in the infinite opportunity that occa-
sional retirement affords for reflection and rest, has
been abundantly satisfied in the management of a
farm on Grosse Isle, which he has owned for over a
quarter of a century and upon which much of his
time has been spent.

Socially, he is frank, courteous and agreeable.
He is independent in thought and speech, an inter-
esting companion and a true-hearted friend ; these
qualities, with sterling integrity and mental vigor
and ability that are universally conceded, are en-
dowments that justify the esteem in which he is
held.

He was married in 1856 to Elizabeth Campbell,
sister of Judge James V. Campbell. They have
three children. Their names are Mary C, the wife
of Dr. Fred. P. Anderson, of Grosse Isle ; Benja-
min Douglass, a civil engineer now in charge of the
bridges of the Michigan Central Railroad and its
connections, and Elizabeth C, now the wife of
Louis P. Hall, of Ann Arbor.

DIVIE BETHUNE DUFFIELD was born in
Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, August
29, 1 82 1, and is the son of Rev. George Duffield,
D. D., and Isabella Graham (Bethune) Duffield. As
a child he was a remarkably apt scholar-. Entering
the preparatory department of Dickinson College,
at his native place in his early youth, at the age of
twelve, he was prepared to enter the Freshman class
of the collegiate department. The rules of the
College forbade the admission of students less than
fourteen years of age, and without doubt to his
subsequent advantage he was compelled to curb
his ambition. After the removal of his parents
to Philadelphia, in 1835, he studied in that city
and entered Yale College with the class of 1840.
Unforeseen family circumstances compelled him to
leave without then completing his college course ,
but he afterwards received the degree of A. B. froni
Yale. From the first, he manifested a taste for tne
study of both ancient and modern languages, poUte
literature and English composition in prose an
verse, the gratification of which has formed tn^
relaxation and unfailing pleasure of his life.

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

I II9I

familiarity with Hebrew, Greek, and Latin has
increased with every year, and in French and Ger-
man he is proficient. In 1839 he came to Detroit,
his father, the year previous, having been settled as

pastor

of the First Presbyterian Church. Soon

after his removal here he became a student m the
law ofhce of Bates & Talbot, both of the firm being
leading members of the Detroit bar. His experi-
ence as a law student gave him renewed longings
for Yale and a profession, and in 1841 he entered
the law department of the Yale Law School, and
graduated after taking the courses of both classes,
and before he had attained his majority. ^ The
greater portion of the same year he spent in the
Union Theological School of New York, when, his
health failing, he returned to Detroit, and in the fall
of 1843 was admitted as a member of the bar of
Detroit.

In the spring of 1844 he formed a law partner-
ship with George V. N. Lothrop, afterwards Minis-
ter of the United States to Russia. This connection
continued until 1856. After the dissolution of the
partnership, Mr. Duffield continued alone in his pro-
fession until after the war, when his youngest brother,
Henry M. Dufheld, became his legal partner, and
this relationship continued for ten years. The firm
for several years past has been composed of himself
and son, Bethune Duffield, under the firm name of
Duffield & Duffield.

Mr. Duffield is a habitual worker, and his career
has been constantly marked by industry, ability and
success. In 1 847 he was elected City Attorney, and
for many years he was a Commissioner of the United
States Court, these being the only offices he has ever
held in the fine of his profession. For a score of
years or more he has been the Secretary of the
Detroit bar, an office which, with his own high
standing, has long made him a leading and one of
the most widely known lawyers of the city. In
1847 he was elected a member of the Board of
Education of Detroit, and his services were almost
continuous in that body until i860, and during sev-
eral of these years he was President of the Board.
During this period he recast the w^hole course of
study in all the departments and grades, providing
for the regular progression of the pupils, and the
chief features of his plan are still in force. He was
especially active in securing the establishment of
the High School, and so thoroughly was he identi-
fied with its origin that he is frequently referred to
as the "Father of the High School." As Presi-
dent of the Board he took a leading part in the
successful effort to compel the city to pay over to the
Library Commission the moneys received from fines
collected in the city criminal courts. The favor-
able result of this litigation made possible the
excellent public library of which Detroit is justly

proud. After his temporary retirement from the
Board, in 1855, in consequence of a contemplated
trip to Europe, the Board of Education, in token
of appreciation of his services in behalf of educa-
tional interests, named the then new Union school
building on Clinton street the "Duffield Union
School."

In addition to the labors incident to a large pro-
fessional practice, he has found opportunity to lend
a helping hand in nearly all matters affecting the
moral, mental and religious interests of the com-
munity. From his early manhood he has been an
active'member and is officially connected with the
First Presbyterian Church, of which his father was
so long pastor, and has ever been actively interested
in Sunday-school work, and particularly in mission
schools, of which he was one of the earliest advo-
cates.

In the various phases of temperance reform he
has been especially prominent. He was the first
President of the Red Ribbon Society, which in
1877 had 8.000 members in Detroit. He is in sym-
pathy with all efforts that restrict or regulate the
traffic, and has especially championed the so-called
Tax Law of Michigan, which is believed by many
of the best and purest of citizens to be one of the
most effective of instrumentalities in the diminishing
of the traffic and curtailing its power for evil.
Believing thus, he in 1887 opposed the prohibi-
tory amendment to the Constitution of the State in
numerous pubHc addresses, and his opposition did
much to secure the defeat of the measure. All
citizens who are acquainted with him know that he
was thoroughly conscientious in his views, and that
he has always been zealously foremost in advocating
and urging the adoption of all measures which
could be clearly shown would conserve the greatest
good of individuals or the State ; and it is doubtful
if any citizen on any question has acted more con-
scientiously than did Mr. Duffield in this campaign.
He rendered valuable aid at the time of the
organization of the Harper Hospital, perfected its
incorporation, and for several years was its Secre-
tary. He was also an active member of the Young
Men's Society, and its President in 1850.

In politics he was a Whig from the time he cast
his first vote until the organization of the Republi-
can party in 1856, when he became, and has since
remained, an active and leading member of that
party. He has persistently declined to become a
candidate for office, save the purely local ones
already mentioned, but has upon the stump and
rostrum, in every important political campaign since
he became a voter, earnestly and eloquently advo-
cated his party candidates, freely giving his time
and service to the work.
During the war he was especially active in sup-

1 1 19c

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

port of the Government and the cause of the
Union. As a speaker and writer, he constantly
sought to uphold the Federal cause, and did much
to encourage enlistments and inspirit both soldiers
and citizens in the great struggle for the Union and
the Constitution,

Mr. Duffield's literary accomplishments have
made him widely known. Naturally gifted with
fine literary taste and discrimination, his education
and home influences tended to its development.
While quite a youth he was a contributor to the
Knickerbocker Magazine, published by Willis Gay-
lord Clark, and has since written occasionally for
other periodicals, in prose and verse, and as early
as 1 860 was classed among the prominent poets of
the West. Not a few of his fugitive pieces have
been published in various Eastern publications, but
not always has he received the proper credit.
Though often solicited he has as repeatedly refused
to publish his collected poems, and those which
have seen the light have been such as he believed
timely and calculated for some distinctive end. Of
the latter class may be mentioned, his historical
poem, " The Battle of Lake Erie," delivered upon
the occasion of the laying of the corner stone of
the Perry monument at Put-in -Bay, a poem at the
opening of the Law School building in Ann Arbor,
and his ** National Centennial Poem," delivered at
the celebration in Detroit, on July 4, 1876, each
of which were highly commended as having per-
manent value. In quite a different vein is his "De
Art Medendi," prepared for the fourteenth annual
commencement of the Detroit Medical College, a
poem combining wit, humor, feeling and reverence,
and described as suggesting the nonchalant after-
dinner verse of Dr. Holmes. His various poems
delivered before the bar of Detroit are of similar
character, and are pleasantly remembered by his
professional brethren. For many years he has
been privileged with the friendship of Premier
Gladstone — a distant relative of his mother — and the
acquaintance has been cemented by occasional cor-
respondence. This fact easily accounts for his
poem of "America to Gladstone," a warm tribute
from an ardent admirer.

With his professional brethren Mr. Duffield has
always stood in the front rank, as well for legal
attainments as for industry and fidelity, and that
high professional courtesy which is characteristic of
the true legal gentleman. In his professional labor
he is prompt, clear and incisive, and a constant
worker, his literary labor being merely as a pastime.
He comes to conclusions only after mature deliber-
ation, is positive in his convictions, and bold and
independent in defending them. When he espouses
any cause it is done earnestly and without regard to
personal results, and no citizen is more implicitly

trusted or stands higher in the estimation of his
fellows than he. His private and professional life
is without blemish, and in all respects he is a true,
high-minded. Christian gentleman.

He was married in 1854 to Mary Strong Buell,
daughter of Eben N. Buell, of Rochester, New
York, and his family consists of two sons, George
Duffield, already prominent as a member of the
medical profession, and Bethune Duffield, his part-
ner and associate in business.

HENRY M. DUFFIELD was born in Detroit,
May 15, 1842. His father. Rev. George Duffield,
D. D., was born at Strasburg, Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania, July 4, 1794. He came to Detroit in
1838, and until his. death, in 1868, was the honored
and influential pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church. Shortly after his arrival he was appointed
Regent of the State University, and no man did
more to shape and promote that now widely-known
institution of learning. The father of Rev. George
Duffield was at one time a prominent merchant of
Philadelphia, and for nine years Comptroller-Gen-
eral of Pennsylvania. His grandfather was the
celebrated Rev. George Duffield, who in conjunction
with Bishop White served as Chaplain of the first
Congress of the United States, and subsequently
of the Continental Army. A reward of ^50 was
offered by the British for his head. His fame as a
preacher and fearless and eloquent advocate of
liberty is well known to all students of American
history. Isabella Graham (Bethune) Duffield, the
mother of Henry M. Duffield, was born October 22,
1799, and died in Detroit, November 3, 1871. She
was a daughter of D. Bethune, a prominent mer-
chant of New York city, and a grand-daughter of
the widely known Isabella Graham, whose memory
is fragrant in the churches of Scotland and America.
Her brother, George W. Bethune, was the dis-
tinguished orator and lecturer of New York.

Henry M. Duffield received his earlier education
in the public schools of Detroit, graduating from
the " Old Capital " school in 1858. After one year's
instruction in the Michigan University, in 1859 he
entered the junior class of Williams College, Massa-
chusetts, then under the management of Mark
Hopkins. He graduated in 1861, and enlisted as a
private in the Ninth Regiment Michigan Infantry
in August of the same year, being the first student
from Williams College to join the Union army. A
short time after enlistment he was made Adjutant
of the regiment. While acting in this capacity he,
with his regiment, in July, 1862, participated in the
bloody fight with the forces of the rebel General
N. B. Forrest, at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and
during the engagement was by the side of his brother,
General W. W. Duffield, when the latter was twice

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

III9D

wounded, and as then supposed mortally. So severe
and close was the contest that it was impossible to
carry his brother from the field until the repulse of
the enemy. In this battle Colonel Duffield was
taken prisoner, but was exchanged in September of
the same year. After his release he was detailed as
Assistant Adjutant-General of all the United States
forces in Kentucky. He was afterwards appointed
Assistant Adjutant -General of the Twenty-third
Brigade, Army of the Cumberland. In the cam-
paign from Nashville to Chattanooga in 1863, he
was attached to the headquarters of General Geo.
]h Thomas and was present at all the important
battles of the campaign, including Stone River and
Chickamauga. At Chattanooga, on October 23,
1863, during the siege of that town "by the rebel
forces under General Braxton Bragg, he was pro-
moted to Post Adjutant. As Post Adjutant of
Chattanooga he issued, by order of General John
G. Parkhurst, commander of the post, the orders for
the Chattanooga United States cemetery, giving
particular directions as to its purpose and plan of
management. The general plan was subsequently
adopted by General Thomas, and from it grew the
system of national cemeteries which are at once a
testimonial to the heroic devotion of the gallant
solch'ers buried therein, and to the gratitude of their
countryman.

When Major-General George H. Thomas assumed
command of the Department of the Cumberland,
Mr. DufField was appointed on his staff as Assistant
Provost Marshal General of the department, in
which capacity he served until the end of his term
of service. During the memorable campaign of
General Thomas from Chattanooga to Atlanta,
Colonel Duffield was detailed as Acting Provost
Marshal General vice General J. A. Parkhurst, dis-
abled, and participated in nearly all the hard fought
battles of this gallant Union commander, including
Resaca, Missionary Ridge, Peach Tree Creek, and
Jonesboro, a campaign which resulted in the final
capture of Atlanta. During the battle of Chicka-
mauga, which was one of the most severe engage-
ments in which he took part, he was wounded.
His term of service ended at Atlanta, and he was
mustered out October 14, 1864.

Returning to Detroit in November, 1864, he
began the study of law in the office of D. Bethune
I^uffield, and in the following April was admitted
to practice. Soon afterwards he formed a partner-
ship with his brother, D. Bethune Duffield, which
continued until i8;6, since which date Colonel
Nuffield has had no associate partner. His position
as a lawyer is a desirable one, and as counsel in
n^any important cases he has achieved notable
triumphs, both in the highest court in the State and
in the Supreme Court of the United States. He

was attorney for the Board of Education of Detroit
from 1866 to 1 87 1, and it was at his suggestion
and under his conduct, that the Board brought suit
against the city and county to recover the fines col-
lected in the municipal courts for the benefit of the
library fund. The case was strongly defended by
William Gray, Theodore Romeyn and other emi-
nent lawyers. The Circuit Court decided against
the claims of the Board, but upon appeal to the
Supreme Court this decision was reversed, and a
judgment entered for the Board. As the fruits of
this litigation upwards of $27,000 for back fines was
collected, and the right of the Board of Education
to all future fines was fully established. This
decision had much to do in preparing the way for
the larger usefulness of the public library.

In 1 88 1 Colonel Duffield became City Counselor,
serving three years, and during this time repre-
sented the city unaided in all its litigation, both in
the Supreme Court of the State and of the United
States. During this period, among the most import-
ant cases argued and won for the city were : The
Mutual Gas Light Company vs. Detroit, in which
the opposing counsel were Edward W. Dickerson
and George Ticknor Curtiss; the City Railway tax
cases, defended by F. A.. Baker and George F.
Edmunds. Both of these cases were argued in the
United States Supreme Court, and involved large
amounts pf money and important principles of law.
In his private practice Colonel Duffield has been
connected with some of the most important cases
which have arisen in the legal history of Detroit.
He assisted in the argument of the famous Reeder
farm cases, and in the Rothschild tobacco fraud
case. He succeeded in defeating the claims of the
holders of the notorious ♦• Stroh-Hudson-Windsor
crooked paper," and as solicitor of record in the
Hunt and Oliver litigation, which was pending for
seventeen years in the Circuit and Supreme Court
of the United States, he obtained a final decision
favorable to his clients in the Supreme Court of
the United States.

Colonel Duffield possesses naturally those quali-
ties of mind indispensable to a high degree of suc-
cess in the legal profession. In temperament he is
cool and collected, and in the midst of the most
exciting and trying ordeals, readily detects the weak
and strong points of a case. To this admirable
quality he unites a retentive memory, power of close
and continued application, and convincing and per-
suasive abilities as an advocate. That he has
succeeded in gaining a foremost place among his
professional brothers in Detroit is but the natural
sequence of the best use of these powers.

He is a Republican in political faith, and for
more than twenty years has been an active and
helpful factor in the efforts of his party in this

II20

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

State. He was nominated for Congress by the
Republican convention of this district in 1876,
against General Alpheus S. Williams, the Demo-
cratic nominee, and although defeated in the election
ran 1,300 votes ahead of his ticket. The use of his
name has also been solicited by his party as candi-
date for Circuit Judge, Justice of the Supreme
Court of the State, as well as for high political posi-
tions, but he has uniformly declined.

He has been a member of the Military Board of
Michigan since 1874, and from 1880 to 1887 was
President of the Board, and takes a warm interest
in the State militia. He has also been an active
trustee of the Michigan Military Academy for the
past ten years; is interested in several business
enterprises in Detroit, being a stockholder in the
Bell Telephone Company, of Massachusetts, the
American Exchange National Bank, the Detroit
Bar Library, Detroit, the Rio Grande Live Stock
Company, and the Eureka Iron Company.

He is a member of the Society of the Army of
the Cumberland, and was the orator at the annual
meeting of 1887.

He was married December 29, 1863, to Frances
Pitt§. They have had seven children, Henry M.,
Jr., born August 9, 1865, at present a student in the
class of 1890 in Harvard College; Samuel Pitts,
born January 22, 1869, and Divie Bethune, born
March 3, 1870, both attending Philip's Academy,
Exeter, Massachusetts ; William Beach, born March
2, 1 87 1, died* July 10, 1876; Francis, born October
23. 1873; Morse Stewart, born September 29, 1875,
and Graham, born November 21, 1881.

EDMUND HALL was born on the 28th of
May, 1 8 19, at West Cayuga, New York. His father
was of that family of Halls which traces back to
Wallingford, Connecticut, and which, in revolution-
ary times, was sufficiently divided to furnish a Signer
to the Declaration of Independence, while the Sign-
er's cousin, who was Mr. Hall's grandfather, was an
energetic adherent of the British. His mother's
ancestry ran through the Worths and Folgers to the
first white couple married on Nantucket.

With his mother, brother, and three sisters Mr-
Hall came to Michigan in 1833, their route being by
the Erie canal to Buffalo, and from there by schooner
to the mouth of the Detroit river, where they landed,
settling where Flat Rock now stands. They were
pioneers and poor, but energy and hard work made
them independent enough to face even the panic of
1837 without flinching. Some time before that
crisis, it had been the cherished hope of the mother
that her oldest boy should have a college training,
and it was in the midst of the hard times that he
acquired it. The nearest preparatory school was
at Elyria, Ohio, and there he fitted for Oberlin.

Six months' work in 1835, at eight dollars a month,
furnished the first instalment of funds to pay the
cost of a higher education, and his alternate labors
as a stone mason and as a country school teacher
supplied him with funds until in 1843 he was gradu-
ated with high standing.

Mr. Hall has had little to do with party politics, but
has always taken a deep interest in the great
reformatory agitation w^hich resulted in the over-
throw of slavery. As early as 1841, and while a
student, he canvassed the State as an anti-slavery
lecturer, and again, in 1844, when studying law, he
went on the stump as a volunteer champion of
Birney, the candidate of the liberty party.

In political economy, however, he was trained as
a free trader and in consequence a Democrat. But
the great anti-slavery uprising could not for any
length of time leave an Oberlin student on any low
plane of party politics. Still, it was as a Democrat
that he was chosen to the only office he ever held,
that of School Inspector in the Board of Education
of Detroit, from 1859 to 1863.

He studied law in the office of George E. Hand,
was admitted to the bar in 1847, and began practice
in company with Judge Hand, but subsequently
practiced for many years alone, until the increasing
demands which his varied real estate investments
and other business enterprises made upon his atten-
tion rendered professional labor impracticable.

While in the Board of Education he did the pub-
lic a very distinguished service as one of the principal
agents in the establishment of a free public library
upon the constitutional and statutory basis of the
fines collected in the Police Court. The police
judge had regularly absorbed the fines he had
imposed, so that there was a heavy deficit for which,
as matters stood, the county was accountable to
the city. The supervisors would not make good
the squandered fund unless compelled to, and pro-
ceedings were instituted in the Supreme Court to
compel them. The Board of Education was the
moving party, and their case was successfully pre-
sented in a brief drawn up by Mr. Hall. Ihe
critical character of this proceeding,— for a lower
court had already ruled against the library,— fairly
entitles him to such credit as belongs to one of the
founders of a great public institution. He was
Secretary of the Board the same year, and the
records of. that body show an elaborate plan which
he drew up for the working of the library.

It was at about this time that he began his lum-
bering operations. His principal camp is in Isabella
county, though he has large interests in pine lands
in the northern part of the State, besides a mill and
salt works at Bay City. He keeps a large farm,
well stocked with Jerseys and short horns, at Gib-
raltar, where he first landed as a boy, and there he

I^^6??C-

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JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

1 121

has a country house where he spends the most of
each summer.

He has been twice married, first in 1846, to Miss
Emeline Cochran, of Frederick, Ohio, who died in
1879, leaving a married daughter, Mrs. Henry A.
Chancy. Her only son, George Edmund Hall, died
in 1875. In 1881 Mr. Hall married Mrs. Mary H.
Vreeland. They have had one child, whose name
is Frederick.

DEWITT C. HOLBROOK was born in Riga,

Monroe County, New York, on August 22, 1819.
His father, Benajah Holbrook, was formerly a resi-
dent of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and
emigrated to New York early in the century. His
son, D. C. Holbrook, received the usual education
supplied through the district school, and in August,
1832, came to Michigan, and was engaged in his
brother's store in Plymouth. In June, 1836. he
came to Detroit a total stranger in search of employ-
ment, served as clerk in a dry goods store until
July of that year, and then obtained a situation in
the Detroit postoffice, where he remained until
December, 1837. He next became a teller in the
Detroit City Bank, remaining until 1840, when he
entered the office of the late Alexander D. Eraser
as a law student. Mr. Eraser stood in the very
front rank of lawyers composing the Detroit bar,
which, in those days, was almost entirely composed
of men of finished education, nearly every one
being a graduate of an Eastern college. Mr.
Fraser was a severe legal instructor, eminent as a
chancery lawyer, and in his office and under his eye
Mr. Holbrook, by the time he finished his term of
study, had ripened into an accomplished lawyer,
and he has maintained that reputation through a
professional life of forty years or more.

Soon after his admission to the bar in 1843, he
was appointed Assistant Register of the old Court
of Chancery, which office he held until January i,
1847, when he became County Clerk. He was
nominated for the last office without his knowledge,
and was the only candidate elected on the Whig
ticket. He served in this capacity for two years,
and, under the law, was also at the same time Clerk
of the Circuit Court, and when his term ceased he
had an extensive knowledge of the practice of the
courts of chancery and of law. On January i,
1849, he entered into partnership with Alexander
Davison, and commenced the practice of law. He
subsequently engaged in practice in connection with
William A. Howard and Levi Bishop. Mr. Howard
withdrew in 1 860, and for some five years the busi-
ness was carried on by Holbrook & Bishop. In
1872 Mr. Holbrook was appointed City Counsellor,
which office he creditably filled for six years.

His industry, faithfulness and loyalty to his clients,

accompanied always with a fearlessness that quailed
before no opposition, and a spotless integrity, not
only endeared him to his clients but commanded,
at all times, the respect of his fellows, and the confi-
dence of the entire community.

Added to these traits of character there might
also be accredited to him those graces that are
born of a generous heart, and which adorn every
man who wears an open genial nature. No one
who knows Mr. Holbrook well would hesitate to
bear testimony to the uprightness of his character,
the industry of his daily life, his faithfulness to all
trusts and duty, and all would award him the record
of an able lawyer, upright citizen, and honorable
man.

Mr. Holbrook was married to Mary A. Berdan,
September 26, 1850. She died in 1858, leaving one
son, De Witt C. Holbrook, Jr., of Montana Terri-
tory, and three daughters, Mrs. Col. F. W. Swift,
Mrs. Frank Walker, of this city, and Mrs. White,
wife of Rev. John H. White, of Joliet, Illinois.

GEORGE H. HOPKINS, the son of Erastus
and Climene (Clark) Hopkins, was born in the
township of White Lake, Oakland County, Michigan,
November 7, 1842. His ancestors were among
the earliest setters in Connecticut, coming from
Coventry, Warwick County, on the Sherbourne,
England. The name was originally spelled Hop-
kyns. The family, according to Burke, was of estab-
lished antiquity and eminence, enjoyed for a long
series of years parliamentary rank, served a suc-
cession of monarchs, and acquired civil and mili-
tary distinction. In the sanguinary wars of York
and Lancaster, which for thirty years devastated
the fair fields of England, this family is tradition-
ally stated to have taken a prominent part, and to
have experienced the inevitable consequences— incar-
ceration, decapitation and confiscation. They were
prominent in the affairs of Coventry in the latter
part of the sixteenth century, one William Hopkins,
Jr., having been Mayor in 1 564, and persecuted for
heresy in 1554. He had two brothers, Richard and
Nicholas, both Sheriffs of the same town in 1554
and 1 56 1 respectively. Richard had two sons,
Sampson, his heir, and William, proprietor of the
lordship of Shortley. Sampson was Mayor in 1609.
He had three sons. Sir Richard, Sir William, and
Sampson, the latter being Mayor of Coventry in
1640. The eldest became eminent at the bar, at-
tained the rank of Sergeant at Law, was Steward
of Coventry, and represented that city in Parlia-
ment at the Restoration. Their estate, by inter-
marriage, passed to General Northey in 1799, and he
assumed the surname and arms of Hopkins upon
inheriting the estate of his maternal ancestor, who
was known as Northey Hopkins of Oving House.

II22

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

The early Hopkinses of New England are of this
family.

The date of the arrival of John Hopkins, the
progenitor of the Connecticut line, is not definitely
known, but it was not far from the year 1632. About
that time the increasing numbers of the colonists
suggested the formation of new settlements farther
westward, and as a result Hartford colony was
established, and in the colonial records John Hop-
kins is spoken of as the original owner of the
lands then settled. The line of genealogical pro-
gression from John Hopkins to Erastus, the father
of the subject of this sketch, is as follows : John
Hopkins, who was made a freeman of Cambridge
March 4, 1635, removed to Hartford the same
year, and died in 1654, leaving a widow, Jane,
and children, Stephen, born about 1634, and
Bertha, about 1635. The widow married Nathaniel
Ward, of Hadley. Bertha, in 1652, married Samuel
Stocking, of Middletown, and subsequently James
Steele, of Hartford. Stephen married Dorcas, a
daughter of John Bronson. He died in October,
1689, leaving six children, John, Stephen, Ebenezer,
Joseph, Dorcas, wife of Jonathan Webster, and
Mar3% who married Samuel Sedgwick. His widow
died May 13, 1697. The son John had eight chil-
dren, one of whom, Samuel, was i graduate of Yale
College in 171 8, and a minister of West Springfield.
Another son, Timothy, was the father of Samuel
Hopkins, the celebrated divine, known as the founder
of the Hopkinsian School. He was the author of
several well-known works, and a prominent charac-
ter in Mrs. Stowe s ** Minister's Wooing." The
widely known Mark Hopkins, President of Wil-
liams College, was of the same family. Another
son was named Consider. He had a son, Consider,
Jr., whose son Mark was the father of Erastus Hop-
kins and grandfather of George H. Hopkins. Three
of his uncles were in the Continental army during
the Revolutionary War. One was captured by the
British and starved to death in the " Jersey Prison
Ship " in New York harbor, and another was killed
by Tory " Cow Boys " while at home on a furlough.
Erastus Hopkins was born in Oneida County,
New York, in 1804, and moved with his family from
Steuben County, New York, to White Lake, Michi-
gan, in 1834, going in an emigrant wagon the whole
distance. He cleared a farm in the wilderness, and
lived to see the entire neighborhood settled, remain-
ing upon the farm until his death in 1876. His
wife died in 1864. His son, George H. Hopkins,
was at home till his eighteenth year, and then be-
came a student at the Pontiac Union School for two
terms, and in the winters of 1860-61 and 1861-62
taught a district school in Oakland County. In
April, 1862, he entered the Michigan State Normal
School, but in August of the same year left that

institution to enter the Union army, enlisting in the
Seventeenth Michigan Infantry in a company largely
composed of students of the University and of the
Normal School, and remained with his regiment
until the close of the war. It was known as the
** Stonewall " regiment, and saw as severe cam-
paigning and fighting as any regiment in the Union
service. Mr. Hopkins's brother, Dan G. Hopkins,
a member of the same company, was mortally
wounded in the celebrated charge of the regiment
at South Mountain, September 14, 1862. Another
brother, William W., was a member of the Fifth
Michigan Cavalry. The Seventeenth Michigan was
in active service in Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, at the siege of Vicksburg and Knox-
ville, Tennessee, and again in Virginia during the
last year of the war.

Soon after the close of the Rebellion, Mr. Hopkins
returned to the Normal School and graduated in
the class of 1867. He afterwards entered the
Michigan University, remained one year in the
Literary Department, and graduated in the Law
Department in 1871. In 1870 he was Assistant
United States Marshal, and took the United States
census in one representative district of Washtenaw
County, and in a portion of a district in Lapeer
County. After his admission to the bar he entered
upon the practice of his profession in Detroit, and
for eight years was assistant attorney of the Detroit
& Milwaukee Railroad Company. During Gover-
nor Bagley's term of four years he was his private
Secretary, and at Governor Croswell's request served
again in the same capacity.

At the State election of 1878 he was nominated
by the Republicans on the legislative ticket, made
an exceptionally strong run and was elected, though
the city went Democratic on the State ticket. In
the legislative session of 1879 he was Chairman of the
Committee on Military Affairs, and also served on
the Committee on Railroads. He was re-elected
to the Legislature in 1880, and served through the
session of 1881 and the special session of 1882,
and was again re-elected in 1882. In the session
of 1 88 1 he was Chairman of the Committee on
the University and a member of the Committee
on Railroads and Apportionment. On the organi-
zation of the session of 1883 he was chosen
speaker pro tempore, and as presiding officer made
a most commendable record as an able parlia-
mentarian. He was also Chairman of the Judiciary
Committee and member of the Committees on State
Library and the State Public Schools. During his
legislative career Mr. Hopkins was an active and
earnest worker, and recognized as a safe and careful
leader. His previous services in the office of the
chief executive made him familiar with the needs
and requirements of the State, and his experience

gjj^,,« •^■•vr-

t"^^-/ /^^-^.^^^ .

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

II23

in State affairs caused his counsel to be often
soLii^ht. As Chairman of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs he was prominently instrumental in
securing the passage of the laws by which in-
creased provisions were made for the maintenance
of the State militia under which it is now so
admirably organized. He also rendered valuable
aid in the passage of the law for the erection of a new
University library building. On all local measures
his actions were wise and liberal, and revealed a
painstaking interest and good judgment. He was
the author of the bill for the purchase of Belle
Isle, and secured its passage against the most
strenuous opposition of many of the leading citizens
of Detroit.

Although largely interested in corporations, he has
always insisted that corporations should bear their
full share of the burden of taxation, and is the
author of several laws which have put many thou-
sands of dollars annually into the treasury, and
thereby reduced the taxes to be paid by individuals.

The law providing for the jury commission of
Wayne County, which has done much to improve
the jury system for the city and county, is one among
many of the acts of a local nature which he secured
for his constituency.

Mr. Hopkins has always been a Republican, and
has for many years been an active spirit in party
management. During the political campaigns of
1882 and 1884, he was Chairman of the Wayne
County Republican Committee, and proved himself
an efficient organizer and manager. He also served,
in 1878, as Chairman of the State Central Commit-
tee, and again, in 1888, conducting the campaign
in Michigan, which closed so successfully for the
party by the election of General Benjamin Harrison
as president. He has always taken a warm interest
in military matters, and served as one of the military
staff during the administration of both Governors
Bagley and Alger. For several years prior to the
death of Governor Bagley he was intimately asso-
ciated with him in the management of various busi-
ness enterprises, and by his will was made one of his
executors and trustees. The duties connected with
this trust are so onerous that he has been obliged to
retire from the general practice of his profession, and
most of his time is now devoted to the care of the
Bagley estate. He is interested in numerous busi-
ness projects in Detroit, being director and treasurer
of the John J. Bagley & Co. Tobacco Manufactory,
and the Detroit Cyclorama Company ; director in the
Detroit Safe Company, Standard Life and Accident
Insurance Company, Michigan Wire and Iron
Works, Lime Island Manufacturers' Company, the
Woodmere Cemetery Association, and the Longyear
Iron Mining Company, and was one of the incor-
porators and a director of the American Banking

and Savings Association, and of the American
Trust Company.

In the management of the complicated business
enterprises with which he has been entrusted, Mr.
Hopkins has displayed singularly good judgment
and commendable faithfulness and integrity, and
the honorable position he holds has been justly won
by personal worth and a high degree of business
tact and ability.

WILLARD MERRICK LILLIBRIDGE was
born at Blossvale, Oneida County, New York, April
26, 1 846, and is a son of Ira and Sophronia (Merrick)
Lillibridge, whose ancestors settled in Rhode Island
and Connecticut as early as the year 1700. His
great-grandfather, Rev. David Lillibridge, was a
Baptist minister at Willington, Connecticut, and
served in the French and Indian War, and his grand-
father, Clark Lillibridge, was a soldier in the War of
the Revolution. His father settled at Blossvale
about 1824, and reared a large family. Willard
M„ the youngest but one, attended school at Bloss-
vale, prepared for college at Whitestown and Caze-
novia Seminaries, entered Hamilton College in
1865, and graduated in 1869. Soon after graduat-
ing he accepted the position of Superintendent of
Public Schools at Plattsburgh, New York, which
position he held for two years. In 1871 he went to
St. Louis, where he spent one year in the study of
law and then came to Detroit, completed his studies
in the office of Walker & Kent, and was admitted
to the bar in 1873. He entered at once upon the
practice of his profession, and has continued it ever
since, practicing alone until 1 880, w^hen he became
the head of the firm of Lillibridge & Latham, and
so continued until 1887, when the firm was dis-
solved, and Mr. Lillibridge has since practiced by
himself.

He has been almost uniformly successful, and
has built up a prosperous law business, having a
large clientage among the business firms and cor-
porations of the city.

He is a studious, hard-working lawyer, is well
read in all the principles of law, and familiar with
books and authorities. He has a clear and forcible
style, and a pleasing manner at the bar, and suc-
ceeds by the thoroughness of his preparation and
his devotion to the interest of his clients. He has
been engaged in many important cases, among
which may be mentioned the Southworth will case,
tried in the United States Circuit Court at Milwaukee
in 1883, and the mandamus case of Richardson
against Swift, argued in the Court of Errors and
Appeals of Delaware, in 1886.

Mr. Lillibridge is a diligent student of classical
and general literature, believes in a broad culture,
and is liberal in his opinions.

II24

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

In political faith he is a Republican, but not a
politician. In 1874 and 1875 he served as a mem-
ber of the Board of Education of Detroit, but has
not sought nor desired office.

He is quite largely interested in real estate, is a
stockholder in several corporations, and Vice-Presi-
dent of the corporation of Samuel F. Hodges & Co.,
foundrymen and machinists.

He was married December 5, 1882, to Katharine
Hegeman, daughter of Joseph Hegeman, of New
York. They have one daughter, Aletta A. Lilli-
bridge. He and his family attend St. John's Epis-
copal Church.

GEORGE VAN NESS LOTHROP was born
in Easton, Bristol County, Massachusetts, August 8,
181 7. He received a classical education and gradu-
ated at Brown University, in 1838, and the same
year entered the Harvard Law School, then in
charge of Judge Story and Professor Greenleaf.
Within a year, his health becoming somewhat
impaired, he left school, came to Michigan to recu-
perate, and made his home with his brother, Edwin
H. Lothrop, of Prairie Ronde, Kalamazoo County.
He remained two or three years, occupying himself
partly in farm work. In the spring of 1843 he came
to Detroit, and resumed the study of law in the
office of Joy & Porter.

While yet a student, and before his admission to
the bar, by special permission of the Supreme Court,
on the application of James F. Joy, he appeared in
the celebrated case of the Michigan State Bank
against Hastings and others. So ably was his side
of the case presented that the Judges openly ex-
pressed their admiration of the effort, and predicted
for him a brilliant career. In the spring of 1844 he
was appointed a Master of Chancery for Wayne
County, and in company with D, Bethune Duffield
commenced to practice in Detroit, the firm continu-
ing until 1856. In April, 1848, he was appointed
Attorney-General of the State, and held the office
until January, 1851.

About this time the subject of a division of the
public school moneys between the public and Cath-
olic schools was quite actively discussed, and the
regular nominees of the Democratic party at the city
election of 1853 were generally believed to be in
favor of such division. In opposition to any such
plan, Mr. Lothrop was nominated on an independent
Democratic ticket, and elected by a large majority.

He was one of the Michigan delegation at the
Charleston National Convention in i860, and was
active and earnest in support of the Douglas senti-
ment in that body.

From July, 1863, to May, 1872, he served as one of
the inspectors of the Detroit House of Correction.
In 1867 he was a member of the State Constitutional

Convention; in 1873 he was tendered, but declined,
an appointment as a member of the Constitutional
Commission, and from 1880 to 1886 served as one of
the Commissioners of the Public Library of Detroit.

In May, 1885, soon after President Cleveland was
elected, he nominated Mr. Lothrop as United States
Minister to Russia, and he was duly confirmed by
the Senate. His acceptance of this office, and con-
sequent temporary departure from Detroit, called
forth many expressions of regret. He was so
universally esteemed as a high-minded citizen and
friend, and his eminent legal and social qualities so
generally known and appreciated, that his absence
made a noticeable vacancy both in legal and in
social circles. Many evidences of this feeling were
manifested, and it is certain that no United States
Minister ever went abroad accompanied with warmer
or more hearty good wishes, and no one ever left
behind a greater number of appreciative citizens,
neighbors, and friends. In the fall of 1888 he re-
signed his position, and on his return to Detroit was
tendered a public reception, and warmly welcomed.

Mr. Lothrop has always been zealously interested
in whatever concerns the moral or literary welfare
of the city. In 1853 he served as President of the
Young Men's Society, and for several years served
as President of the Detroit Association of Chari-
ties.

During a quarter of a century he was attorney of
the Michigan Central Railroad Company, and at
various periods of time was counsel for the Detroit
& Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern,
and Detroit, Lansing & Northern Railroads.

He is a holder of considerable real estate, both in
Detroit and in the neighboring townships, and has
besides some investments in bank, railroad, and
other stocks.

His reputation as a lawyer is not confined to his
own State, but is really national. In Michigan he
has few peers. It seems almost needless to say
that such a reputation has not been gained without
reason ; indeed there are many reasons for his
standing at the bar. With a mind clear and pene-
trating, with ability to grasp great questions, and at
the same time consider the smallest details, with a
graceful and fluent vocabulary of the purest and
most classical English, and with physical vigor and
a presence and manner that would command atten-
tion in any place, he is both naturally, and by study,
fitted for the position he occupies. In addition to
all these qualities, he is so transparently sincere,
courteous, kind, and genial, that he easily wins
esteem.

In all literary matters his taste and discernment
are highly cultivated, and he aims to keep abreast
with the progress of scientific research.

He has frequently been the choice of his fellow

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

II25

citizens of the Democratic party for the highest politi-
cal honors, and all who know him must concede his
ability to fill any position in the gift of the people.

He was married at Detroit, on May 13, 1847, to
Almira Strong. They have four sons and two
daughters; the sons, George Howard, Charles
Bradley, Henry B., and Cyrus E., all living in De-
troit and well known in its society. The daughters
are named Anne and Helen. The first named in
October, 1888, became the wife of Baron Barthold
Hoyningen Huene, First Lieutenant of the regiment
of Chevalier Guards of Her Majesty, the Empress
of all the Russias.

WILLIAM AUSTIN MOORE was born near
Clifton Springs, Ontario County, New York, April
17, 1823. He was the seventh son and eighth child
of William Moore and Lucy Rice. His ancestors-
on his father's side were of Scotch-Irish descent.
His great-great-grandfather was one of the McDon-
ald clan which was slaughtered at the massacre of
Glencoe, in Argyllshire, Scotland, on the morning of
February 13, 1692. His great-great-grandmother,
after the murder of her husband, concealed herself
and two daughters in a malt kiln, and on the night
following the murder gave birth to a son, whom she
named John. The widow, with her children, fled
to Ireland, and settled at Londonderry, where they
remained until 171 8, when they emigrated to
America, and were among the first settlers of Lon-
donderry, New Hampshire. John subsequently
married and had a family of seven children, the
third of whom William, married Jane Holmes, on
December 1 3, 1 763, and removed to Peterboro, New
Hampshire. He was in the War of the Revolution,
and fought at the battle of Bennington, July 19,
1777. They had twelve children. The youngest,
William Moore, was the father of the subject of this
sketch, and was born April 9, 1 787, At the age of
eighteen he removed to Phelps, Ontario County,
New York, where, on November 7, 1806, he mar-
ried Lucy Rice, formerly of Conway, Massachu-
setts, and who was a niece of the eccentric Baptist
preacher, John Leland, of Cheshire, Massachusetts.
William Moore was a farmer by occupation, and
held various local offices. He was in the War of
181 2, and was at the burning of Buffalo and at
the sortie at Fort Erie. In the summer of 1831
he removed his family to Washtenaw County,
Michigan, and was one of the early settlers of that
section. In 1832 he was appointed justice of the
peace, which office he held until Michigan became
^ State, and afterwards held it by election for
twelve years. He was a member of the convention
called for the preparation of the first constitution
0^ Michigan, a member of the first Senate after

Michigan became a State, and represented Wash-
tenaw County in the House in 1843.

William A., during his boyhood, worked on his
father's farm, and his earliest educational advan-
tages consisted of a few weeks' schooling during
the winter. When he was twenty years of age, he
determined to follow the profession of law, and in
April, 1 844, he began a preparatory course of study
at Ypsilanti, where he remained two years. He
then entered the freshman class of the University of
Michigan, and graduated in 1850, a member of the
sixth class which left that institution. For a year
and a half after graduation he taught school at
Salem, Mississippi. In April, 1852, he prosecuted
the study of the law in the oflftce of Davidson &
Holbrook, and was admitted to the bar on Jan-
uary 8, 1853. He immediately entered upon the
practice of his profession, in which he has since
been actively engaged, and by incessant, persever-
ing and painstaking labor, has built up a profitable
business. When he began his professional career,
admiralty practice formed an important feature in
the legal business of Detroit, a branch of work to
which he gave special attention and in which he be-
came proficient. For many years no important col-
lision case was tried in the State of Michigan in
which he was not retained, and he was often called
to Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago and Milwaukee in
his practice.

From deep-seated convictions Mr. Moore has
ever been a staunch supporter of the Democratic
party, but his tastes do not run in the line of public
station or political office. The only offices he has ever
held have been those pertaining to local government.
From 1859 to 1865 he was a member of the Board
of Education, and during this period he served two
and one-half years as secretary and three and one-
half years as president of the Board. He has been the
attorney of the Board of Police Commissioners since
1879. In 1 88 1 he was appointed a member of the
Board of Park Commissioners, and was re-appointed
in 1884. He was twice elected president of said
Board, but resigned before the expiration of his
second term, it was thought, because his action on
the question of the sale of beer and other intoxicat-
ing drinks on Belle Isle Park was not approved by
the City Council, which refused all appropriations
until the sale of beer should be permitted, although
his action was sustained by the best public senti-
ment of the city. He was one of the organizers of
the Wayne County Savings Bank, and of the De-
troit Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and has
been a member of the board of directors, and the
attorney of both of said corporations since their
organization. He is also one of the directors of the
American Exchange National Bank. From 1864 to

1 1 26

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

1868 he was Chairman of the Democratic State
Central Committee, and was the Michigan member
of the Democratic National Executive Committee
from 1868 to 1876.

During the late civil war he was a warm friend
of the Union cause, and while disagreeing with
many of the measures and methods pursued by the
administration, he never wavered in his allegiance to
the government. He gave liberally to aid in secur-
ing enlistments and for the relief of the wounded, and
since the close of the war has ever been among
the foremost in every movement in recognition of
the service of the veterans, and is now a trustee of
the Soldiers' Monument Association.

Public-spirited and progressive, he readily aids
every movement designed to advance the welfare of
his fellows. He was one of the promoters of the
Art Loan Exhibition, was one of the founders and
a contributor for the erection of the Museum of Art,
and is now its treasurer.

As a lawyer he has achieved success in the trial
of cases, but is especially in demand and appre-
ciated as a counselor. He unites to a judicial and
independent character of mind, long familiarity with
the principles of law, excellent foresight, sound
judgment, and above all, unquestioned integrity —
qualities which admirably fit him to act the part of
conciliator and harmonizer of conflicting interests.
His convictions are slowly formed, but a stand
once taken is not abandoned for any mere ques-
tion of policy or expediency. All his influence
has been cast on the side of morality, good govern-
ment, obedience to law, and the elevation of his fel-
lows. No responsibility that has ever been laid upon
him has ever been neglected or betrayed. Many
persons with far less of worth have attracted a
larger share of public attention, but there are few
who have done more to conserve in various ways
the best interests of the city. Reared in the Chris-
tian faith, he has always had deep reverence for
religious principles, and since 1877 has been a mem-
ber of the Lafayette, now the Woodward Avenue,
Baptist Church. His friendships are strong and en-
during, and in both public and private life he is a
cultivated, genial Christian gentleman.

He was married December 31, 1854, to Laura J.
Van Husan, daughter of the late Caleb Van Husan.
They have one son, William V., who is now asso-
ciated with his father in the practice of his profession.

GEORGE F. PORTER, for many years one of
the leading lawyers of Detroit, was born in the
town of Broome, New Hampshire, in 1803. The
educational privileges of his youth were limited to
the district schools of his native town. At an early
age he left home to begin life's battles for himself,
and from the savings liis industry acquired, he se-

cured the means for obtaining a liberal education,
studied law, was admitted to the bar and soon after,
in 1829, emigrated to the Territory of Michigan, and
settled in Detroit. Here he immediately secured a
responsible position in the counting room of Dorr
& Jones, at that time one of the leading mercantile
houses of Detroit. In this establishment he ac-
quired those accurate business habits which dis-
tinguished him through life. After spending some
years with Dorr & Jones, he was employed by the
old Bank of Michigan, and for several years was
cashier of the branch at Kalamazoo.

In 1837 he became associated with James F. Joy
in the well remembered legal firm of Joy & Porter,
which continued for nearly twenty years, and dur-
ing that period was represented in most of the
important litigations in the courts of Detroit and
Michigan. Mr. Porter's commercial accuracy, ex-
cellent business methods and high attainments as
a lawyer were of great value to the firm, and were
in a large degree the cause of its success. His
portion of the work of the firm pertained almost
solely to office practice, and as a counselor and
interpreter of intricate, difficult and close questions
of law, requiring deep penetration, a wide general
knowledge and a certain judicial quality of mind, he
particularly excelled. He was an indefatigable
student, and was naturally of an analytical and
critical mind — qualities which made his opinion
much sought and esteemed. The firm of Joy &
Porter became the oldest legal partnership in De-
troit, and was not dissolved until Mr. Porter's health
began to fail and Mr. Joy became prominently con-
nected with railroad management. Mr. Porter was
one of the agents of the State in negotiating the
sale of the Michigan Central Railroad ; was promi-
nent in the reorganization of the Michigan State
Bank in 1845, and was one of the first directors of
the first free school system established in Detroit.
He was also one of the original anti-slavery men
of Michigan, having been one of the organizers and
officers of the first anti-slavery society formed in
the State. His interest in the great political ques-
tion was deep, and during the days when to be
opposed to slavery was to arouse the popular preju-
dice, he manfully and unequivocally took sides
against a state of affairs the existence of which he
believed to be a national disgrace. He did not live
to see slavery abolished, but in the beginning of
the national struggle which it aroused, and which
he foresaw meant its downfall, he gave his loyal
support to the Union cause.

He was a firm believer in Christianity, a consist-
ent supporter of every good cause, and in every
relationship of life an exemplary citizen, husband
and father. For several years before his death his
health had been gradually failing, and his death,

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JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

I127

which occurred on August 21, 1862, was lamented
as a public calamity. His prudence, energy, and
close attention to business, enabled him to acquire
a competency, but he left a name more precious
than his fortune, and the record of a life of punctil-
ious honesty in spirit and deed, a business and per-
sonal career without spot or shadow, and an exam-
ple worthy of imitation.

Mr. Porter was married October 26, 1828, to
Eliza Smith Gove, of Rutland, Vermont, who died
in January, 1879. The result of this marriage was
eight children, but two of whom survive, Arthur C.
Porter and Mary J. Throop, widow of the late Gen-
eral William A. Throop, of Detroit, Michigan.

RALPH PHELPS, Jr., was born in Detroit, on
November 14, 1859. He is the son of Ralph and
Jane Phelps, and his ancestry in America dates
back to the time of the War of the Revolution. He
was educated in the public schools of Detroit,
graduated from the High School, subsequently going
to Ann Arbor, where he attended the law department
of the University of Michigan and graduated in
March, 1879. He immediately entered upon the
practice of law and rapidly acquired a large client-
age. In 1883 he was elected by the largest majori-
ty of any member to the Upper House of the old
Common Council, and two years after taking this posi-
tion was unanimously elected President of that body,
fulfilling the duties of the office in a manner highly
satisfactory to his colleagues and creditable to him-
self. Whilst President of the Council he was
called upon to act as Mayor for a considerable time
on account of the illness of Mayor Chamberlain.
During his term as President of the Council plans
for a new post-office building were submitted to the
people of Detroit. These plans showed a very
common-place building proposed to be erected upon
half of the block bounded by Fort and Lafayette,
Wayne and Shelby Streets. Much dissatisfaction
being generally expressed both on account of the
plans and site, Mr. Phelps, as acting Mayor, called
a meeting of the citizens to protest against them
and to take steps to secure a structure in keeping
with the demands and necessities of Detroit. As a
result of this meeting a Citizens Post- Office Com-
mittee of ten persons, with Mr. Phelps as one of
the number, was appointed to take charge of the
matter, and by their activity and persistence in
Washington, together with assistance they received
from the members of Congress of this district, they
succeeded in having the appropriation largely in-
creased, secured the whole of the block for a site,
and had new plans prepared. Much credit is due
^r. Phelps for the great assistance he rendered in
securing these results.
In 1 886 he was elected Treasurer of Wayne

County, receiving the largest majority of any can-
didate of either party, and two years later was re-
elected by a majority nearly four times larger, hav-
ing a majority of 5,833 votes. His management of
the office has given universal satisfaction, and almost
any political office seems within his reach.

In the fall of 1889, he went to London, England,
as the representative of large Detroit brewing in-
terests, and successfully closed negotiations for the
sales of several of the breweries of this city, a busi-
ness transaction which had been long pending be-
tween Detroit brewers and English capitalists.
He is now a director and legal adviser for the
Goebel Brewing Company, which, controls four
breweries, and is also a director and counsel for the
Detroit Electric Light and Power Company, which
has secured the contract for lighting the city
for the next three years.

He is a prominent secret society man, and belongs
to nearly all the leading organizations. He is a
member of Detroit Lodge, No. 2, F. & A. M.; Mon-
roe Chapter, R. A. M.; Monroe Council, No. i, R.
& S. M.; Detroit Commandery, No. i,K. T.; Michi-
gan Consistory, A. & A. S. R., 32°, and a Mystic
Shriner, and is also Treasurer and leading member
of the benevolent order of Elks of this city.

He is also a member of the Detroit Board of
Trade, and of the Rushmere and other Clubs. For
five years, from 1884 to 1889, he was President of
the Detroit Light Infantry, the crack military
company of Michigan, and during his term of office
the agitation for a new armory was started which
resulted in the erection of the fine and commodious
quarters which the company now occupies on
Congress Street.

Mr. Phelps possesses an accommodating spirit,
and a frank, open-hearted disposition that makes
him exceedingly popular. These traits of character,
coupled with strong purpose, and much more than
average ability, make him a leader in whatever
project he becomes interested. He possesses
strong financial instincts, which have been trained
from an early year by the management of large
business interests, which, owing to his father's poor
health, had devolved in a great degree upon him.
His integrity as a business man and lawyer is un-
questioned, and his fidelity to friends and uniformly
polite treatment of all with whom he comes in
contact, has secured to him a host of friends.
He is progressive and enterprising, and is always
warmly interested in anything that concerns the
welfare of his native city, and his success in the
past gives promise of greater achievements in the
future.

JAMES ANDRUS RANDALL was born in
Detroit, on December 15, 1848, and is a son of

1128

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

James Janeway and Caroline M. Randall. He was
educated in the old Capitol School, near which the
home of his father stood, and at the Goldsmith,
Bryant & Stratton Business College. He gradu-
ated from the latter when but sixteen, and went to
Nashville, Tennessee, for a visit. While there.
Governor Brownlow took a great fancy to him, and,
despite the disparity in their years, the two became
fast friends. As an evidence of esteem the Gover-
nor issued to young Randall a commission as Major
in the Sixth Tennessee Volunteers, and later de-
tailed him to serve on the executive staff.

Returning to the north in 1866, Mr. Randall
read law in Earned & Hebden's office, was admitted
to the bar in 1869, and began practicing before he
was a voter. He had always been fond of politics,
and when he had made a name by handling suc-
cessfully several large cases, he found himself
agreeably drawn into the fascinations of political
life. He was a Democrat, and, in 1874, his party
made him Circuit Court Commissioner. He so well
fulfilled the duties of the office that be was twice
re-elected, each time by largely increased majori-
ties, and in 1881 his friends wished to present his
name to the Democratic nominating convention as
one of the judges of the Third Judicial District, to
fill a then existing vacancy, but he declined.

A year later, however, he came before the regular
convention called to nominate a candidate for the
full term, but he was not its choice. In the spring
of 1 887 he was chosen by an overwhelming major-
ity of the hundred and twenty delegates to the
Democratic judicial convention, called for the pur-
pose of placing in nomination a bench of four
judges, and was nominated three successive times,
but was counted out by unscrupulous tellers, and
the officers of the convention, which had been organ-
ized against his candidacy.

In the fall of 1887 he was chosen a member of
the Board of Estimates, and in 1888 elected to the
lower house of the State Legislature, where he at
once became leader of the Democratic minority.

Mr. Randall has always been a firm believer in
the splendid possibilities of Detroit, and has labored
unceasingly to make those possibilities realities.
His chief work has been for public improvements.
In 1884 he took hold of the almost unknown
Boulevard project, and was chiefly instrumental in
advancing it to its present state.

A prejudiced Council, ignoring the claims of the
grand Boulevard, considered $15,000 to be suffi-
cient for the work of improvement during the year
1888, while they allowed $231,000 for continuing the
improvements on Belle Isle Park. As a member of
the Board of Estimates, Mr. Randall denounced
the disparity between the two appropriations, and
despite the fact that a large majority of the Board

had been elected as anti-boulevarders, and the per-
sistent opposition of one of the leading journals of
the city, his masterly and eloquent presentation of
the merits of the Boulevard as a necessary public
improvement, and the unjust discrimination made
against it in favor of Belle Isle Park, he had the
Park estimates cut down to $15,000 to harmonize
with the Boulevard allowance.

Mr. Randall next went to the Legislature and
passed a bill consolidating the Park and Boule-
vard Commissions so as to avoid future antagonism
between those two public improvements ; intro-
duced and passed a bill authorizing Detroit to issue
bonds to the amount of $500,000 for the purpose
of improving the Boulevard, and drafted the bill
authorizing the issue of $400,000 in bonds to com-
plete the improvements of Belle Isle Park. But Mr.
Randall's legislative labors were not concentrated
upon these measures alone. The Democratic mi-
nority in the House of Representatives, recognizing
his fitness, nominated and voted for him as their
candidate for speaker of the House.

He was the means of passing the bill allowing
Detroit to issue $500,000 in bonds for constructing
new trunk sewers. He introduced and passed the
new registration law for Detroit ; he framed and in-
troduced a general election law for Detroit, the
adoption of which would insure pure elections, the
registration feature of which passed the House.
He fought hard for the passage of his bill repealing
the law taxing mortgages and other mere evidences
of debt, and fought valiantly for its adoption ;
and, in short, gave intelligent attention to all meas-
ures of importance that came before the Legislature,
and rendered capable service on the judiciary and
municipal corporations committees.

Mr. Randall, though a lawyer, has many other
business interests. He is a large holder of real
estate, is Vice-President of the Cole Conduit Com-
pany, of Detroit, also of the Detroit Graphite
Electric Company, a director in the Put-in- Bay
Hotel Company, First Vice-President of the Home
Loan and Building Association, and is a director in
and large owner of the Kansas City News.

Personally he is of a jovial disposition, accepting
both reverses and success with philosophic calm.
He is the personification of frankness in everything,
a strong speaker, and effective ; a ready debater, a
♦ logical thinker, a good fighter and a hard hitter. The
secret of his success lies in his steady perseverance
and resolute determination. Of a portly build, he
has a fresh blonde complexion, a pleasant face and
distinguished appearance. Although compara-
tively a young man, he has attained prominence
both in the professional field and in business pur-
suits.

W. C. G.

C J 0^^'.^.

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

1128a

JOHN WINDER, of Detroit, was born at
Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in 1805, His father,
James Winder, was a native of Virginia, and his
mother a native of New Jersey. He received a
thorough EngHsh education in his native town, and
in 1824 left home for Detroit, in the employ of Major
Thomas Rovvdand, who was then United States
Marshal. In 1826 he was appointed Clerk of the
Supreme Court of the Territory, and held the office
until 1840 In 1837 he was appointed Clerk of the
United States Circuit and United States District
Courts for Michigan. He held one of these offices
until 1870. He is a man of robust constitution, is
social and genial in nature, and has a host of friends.

CHARLES I. WALKER, one of the best
known and most prominent lawyers of Detroit, was
born at Butternuts, Otsego County, New York,
April 25, 1814. He is a descendant of a sturdy
old New England family, admirably fitted for the
furnishing of such elements as are needed to
command success amid the hindrances of a new
and growing country. His grandfather, Ephraim
Walker, was born in 1735, ^^^ married Priscilla
Rawson, a lineal descendant of Edward Rawson,
who graduated from Harvard College in 1653, and
for nearly forty years was secretary of the Colony
of Massachusetts, and while holding the office took
a bold stand against the usurpation of Governor
Dudley. He built a family mansion on the corner
of Westminster and Walker streets, at Providence,
Rhode Island, and there, during the year 1765,
Stephen Walker, the father of C. I. Walker, was
born. In 1790 he married Polly Campbell, who
died in 1795, leaving two children. In the follow-
ing year he married Lydia Gardner, a Quakeress
of Nantucket, who became the mother of eleven
children, of whom C. I. Walker was the ninth in
order of birth. Of this large family, the youngest
had reached the age of twenty-one before death
invaded the household. Stephen Walker was a
house builder, a man of thrift, energy and high
principle, who gave his children every advantage in
his power. A writer in the " Book of Walkers "
says : " He was a man of fair abiHties, sterling
good sense, honest, temperate, and remarkably
industrious. He labored for the good of his family,
and his ambition was to train them in the path of
honor, usefulness and piety." His wife "was
strong in person and character ; a woman of inex-
haustible energy and resources, and the care of
thirteen children set lightly upon her." The family
resided at Providence until 18 12, when they re-
moved to Butternuts, where the boyhood of Charles
I. Walker was passed.

He obtained his primary education in the district
school in his native village, supplemented by one

term at a private school at Utica, New York. At
the age of- sixteen he became a teacher, and a few
months later entered a store connected with a cot-
ton mill at Cooperstown, New York, where he
remained four years. In 1834 he left this employ-
ment and made his first journey to the West, going
as far as St. Joseph, and on his way passing through
Detroit. In the spring of 1835 he returned to
Cooperstown, and on his own account engaged in
mercantile business, but sold out the following
year to remove to the West. In prospecting for a
home he visited Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and
Iowa, and finally settled at Grand Rapids, where
he became a land and investment agent and built up
a good business, but the suspension of specie pay-
ment and the period of financial depression which
ensued, compelled him to discontinue. In Decem-
ber, 1836, he was elected a member and was chosen
secretary of the Territorial Convention to consider
the question of the admission of Michigan into the
Union. He was subsequently for two years editor
and proprietor of the Grand Rapids Times, the
only paper then published in that now thriving city.
In 1838 he was elected justice of the peace, and
then left journalistic life and began the study of
law under the guidance of the late Chief Justice
Martin. In 1840 he was elected a member of
the State House of Representatives from the dis-
trict comprising Kent, Ionia, and Ottawa Counties,
and the territory to the northward not yet included
in any county organization. In the fall of the fol-
lowing year he removed to Springfield, Massachu-
setts, in order to complete his law studies. He
became a student in the law office of Henry
Morris, afterwards a judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, remained in Springfield until the spring of
1842, and then studied law under the preceptorship
of Dorr Bradley, of Brattleboro, Vermont. In the
following September he was admitted to the bar,
and at once entered into partnership with Mr.
Bradley. In 1845, Hon. Daniel Kellogg, of Rock-
ingham, Vermont, having been elected justice of
the Supreme Court, Mr. Walker obtained his prac-
tice and business, remaining in Rockingham three
years, and upon the completion of a railroad to
Bellows Falls, Vermont, he removed to that place.
By this time he had acquired a large and growing
practice, extending into the adjoining counties, but
the West attracted him, and in 1851 he returned to
Michigan and settled in Detroit, where his brother,
E. C. Walker, had already established a successful
legal business. They entered into partnership, and
in July, 1853, Alfred Russell was admitted as a
partner, the firm name being Walkers & Russell.
Their practice was principally in collections and
commercial business, and Mr. Walker, desiring to
devote himself principally to trial of causes and

1128b

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

argument of law cases, withdrew from the firm in
January, 1857, since which time he has had no
partner in the practice of his profession.

Soon after his second coming to Michigan, Mr.
Walker began to direct his attention to the early
history of his adopted State. In 1854 he was
elected president of the Young Men's Society,
which at that time wielded a strong influence.
During 1854 he delivered the opening lecture of the
society course, taking for his subject " The Early
History of Michigan," in the preparation of which
he was assisted by General Cass. In 1857 he was
prominent in the re-organization of the Historical
Society of Michigan. In July, 1858, on the one
hundred and fifty-seventh anniversary of the found-
ing of Detroit, Mr. Walker read an elaborate paper
devoted to the " Life of De La Motte Cadillac and
the First Ten Years of Detroit." Among his
other historical papers are " The Early Jesuits of
Micljigan," "Michigan from 1796 to 1805," and
" The Civil Administration of General Hull." In
1 87 1 he read before the Historical Society of Wis-
consin a paper on "The Northwest Territory
During the Revolution." It excited wide attention
from the many interesting facts it contained— never
before printed ; was published in the third volume
of the Wisconsin Historical Collection, and has
since been reprinted in the collections of the Pio-
neer Society of Michigan. Mr. Walker's taste for
historical research led to the collection of a choice
library of books and manuscripts relating to the
early history of Michigan and the Northwest, which
were of real service to the author of this work
in the preparation of the first edition of the His-
tory of Detroit.

Mr. Walker has taken a warm and active inter-
est in educational matters ; was elected a member
of the Board of Education in 1853, and during
much of the time since then has been officially
connected with the Board, serving as president at
two different times. His vote and influence are
ever given to the broadest and most liberal pro-
visions in all matters relating to educational affairs.
In the spring of 1859 he was appointed one of
the professors in the law department of the Michi-
gan University, a position which he ably filled for
fifteen years, and then failing health and the de-
mands of business forced him to resign. On the
death of Judge Witherell in 1867, Mr. Walker was
appointed by Governor Crapo judge of the Wayne
County Circuit Court to fill the vacancy. At the
time of his acceptance of the office a proposition
to increase the salaries of circuit judges was pend-
ing in the Constitutional Convention, but, upon its
rejection by the people. Judge Walker, after hav-
ing held the office about ten months, resigned, as
he could not afford to sacrifice a lucrative practice

for the small salary then attached to this judicial
position. Since that time he has devoted himself
very closely and laboriously to his large law prac-
tice, and though now past three score and ten, is
regularly at his desk or in court, clear and vigorous
in mind, and with bodily strength apparently equal
to many years of work.

Under a joint resolution of the Legislature in
1869, he was appointed by Governor Baldwin one
of the commissioners to examine the penal, reforma-
tory and charitable institutions in Michigan, visit
such institutions in other States, and report the
results to the Governor. The commissioners made
extensive examinations and an elaborate report,
which led to the passage of a law creating a Board
of State Charities, of w^hich Judge Walker was ap-
pointed a member and acted as chairman many
years. He represented the Board at the National
Prison Reform Congress at Baltimore in 1872, and
at St. Louis in 1 874. Into the scientific considera-
tion of the great problems of charity and correction,
Judge Walker has gone with his whole heart, and
has been justly recognized as an authority in vari-
ous branches of these important questions.

He was reared in the faith of the Quakers, and
continued to observe their forms until he left home.
He then became a member of the Presbyterian
Church. When at Grand Rapids he gave his aid
in the organization of an Episcopal Church, was one
of its officers and a regular attendant while a resi-
dent there. While in Vermont he attended the
Congregational Church, and on returning to Detroit
became a member of the First Congregational
Church. He is not strongly denominational in his
feelings, his church relationships having been deter-
mined principally by circumstances.

Politically he has ever been a Democrat. He is
a strong believer in the morality and advisability of
free trade, and an equally strong opponent of the
centralization of political power. When twenty-
one years of age, he was a member of the Anti-
Slavery Convention at Utica, New York, which was
broken up by a mob, but reassembled' at Petersboro
by the invitation of Garret Smith. While an inflex-
ible anti-slavery man, he was in sympathy with the
Free Soil party in 1848, and supported Van Buren.
He was a hearty supporter of the government war
measures from 1861 to 1865, ^^^ ^^ the war meet-
ings held in that critical time to raise funds or vol-
unteers to prosecute the war he was a frequent and
influential speaker.

Personally he has a pleasant, agreeable manner,
with inflexible integrity and strong common sense.
His life has been characterized by faithfulness in
every trust committed to him. His private life has
been without reproach, and in public affairs he has
been unusually active, influential,and useful.

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

II29

He was married in 1838 to Mary Hindsdale, sis-
ter of Judge Mitchel Hindsdale, a pioneer of Kala-
mazoo County. She died in May, 1864. In May,
1865, he married Ella Fletcher, daughter of Rev.
Dr. Fletcher, of Townshend, Vermont. By his first
wife he had one son and by his second, two chil-
dren, the younger of whom, a son, is a student at
Yale College.

EDWARD CAREY WALKER, the youngest
of the thirteen children of Stephen and Lydia
Walker, was born at Butternuts, Otsego County,
New York, July 4, 1820. At an early age he be-
came an inmate of the family of his brother Fer-
dinand Walker, then living at Hamilton, Madi-
son County, New York. He prepared for college
at the academy of that place, but at the age of fif-
teen left his studies to accept a position in an engi-
neer corps engaged in building the Chenango canal
under the charge of William A. McAlpine, after-
wards so distinguished as an engineer. After two
years' service, a broken knee, the result of being
thrown from a carriage, unfitted him for further
work in his chosen profession, and in September,
1837, still suffering from his injury and obliged to
use crutches, he came to Detroit to visit his sister,
Mrs. Alexander C. McGraw. Mr. McGraw advised
him to renew his studies, and offered to send him
to college at his own expense. He accepted the
offer, attended the branch of the University then at
Detroit, conducted by Rev. Chauncey W. Fitch,
afterwards Chaplain in the United States Army,
and in 1840 entered the junior class of Yale College
and graduated with honor in 1842.

He then returned to Detroit, taught school for a
time in the branch of the University, and then be-
gan the study of law in the office of Joy & Porter^
and subsequently spent a year in study under Judge
Story at the Harvard law school, and w^as admitted
to the bar in 1845. ^^ ^t once began the practice
of his profession in Detroit and has since continued
therein with success and honor. In 1850, at his
request, he was joined by his brother, Charles I.
Walker, under the partnership name of C. I. &
E. C. Walker. In 1853 Alfred Russell became a
member of the firm, and so continued until i860,
when he became United States District Attorney.
In the meantime, in 1857, C. I. Walker retired
from the firm, and for fifteen years following
Charles A. Kent was associated as a partner with
E. C. Walker, under the firm name of Walker &
Kent. At the present time, and for several years,
JVTr. Walker's only son, Bryant, has had a partnership
interest in his father's legal practice, Walker •&
Walker becoming the firm name.

Mr. Walker's practice has largely pertained to
commercial business and the management of prop-

erty interests for eastern parties. His knowledge
and skill as a lawyer, combined with his high per-
sonal integrity, have eminently fitted him for this
branch of practice. In matters connected with
land titles, and in questions affecting the rights and
responsibihties of corporations, his counsel is much
sought and highly esteemed. Painstaking labor,
persevering and incessant effort, have been rewarded
by a large and profitable business in the line of his
profession.

He has manifested a warm interest in educa-
tional matters, and has particularly interested him-
self in the advancement of the Detroit public
schools. For many years he was a member and
Secretary of the Board of Education of Detroit,
and thougli during late years not officially connected
with the Board, he has been enthusiastic in support
of all measures designed to increase the efficiency of
the educational institutions of the city. He has ever
been active in benevolent and reformatory work,
freely giving his time and money to every project
he deemed to be for the public good. He is a
strong advocate of temperance, and in 1846 was
secretary of one of the first temperance societies
organized in Detroit, and through the various
phases of this reform has been a staunch sup-
porter of the principle of total abstinence. He has
served as president of various literary and religious
societies, and has long been a member and elder
of the Fort Street Presbyterian Church, and actively
interested in the management of the church.

He is a Republican in political faith, was for four
years Chairman of the Republican State Central
Committee, and has had many opportunities to
enjoy political honors, but for the most part has
declined, preferring the more congenial work of his
profession. In 1863 he was elected by the popular
vote of the State a regent of the University of Mich-
igan, and drawing by lot the short term, served two
years, and was then re-elected for eight years, and
again elected for the same period in 1873. ^^ was
chosen to represent the city of Detroit in the Legis-
lature of 1876, his most important service during
his term being as chairman of the Judiciary Com-
mittee of the lower house.

During the War for the Union he was a persist-
ent and conscientious supporter of the federal gov-
ernment, and gave liberally of time and money to
aid the Union cause. He was one of the organizers
in 1863 and chairman of the Michigan Branch of
the United States Christian Commission, which
sent delegates to the hospitals and fields, and ex-
pended over $30,000 in ministering to the welfare
and comfort of the Union soldiers. As a member
of the commission, Mr. Walker personally spent six
weeks in caring for the wounded after the battle
of the Wilderness.

II30

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

During a residence of half a century in Detroit,
Mr. Walker has sought and served the public weal
in many ways, and every trust, either of a public
or private nature, committed to him, has been zeal-
ously guarded and faithfully executed. He pos-
sesses naturally a kindly, sympathetic, and genial
nature, that kindles responsive feelings in those with
whom he becomes associated. All his influence is
on the side of morality, temperance, good govern-
ment, obedience to law, and the elevation of his
fellow citizens. Other citizens have attracted a
larger share of public attention, but few persons
have exerted a more helpful or manly influence in
the community where he has so long resided, and
where he is justly respected and esteemed.

He was married in 1852 to Lucy Bryant of Buf-
falo, New York. They have had two children,
Bryant, now his father's associate in business, and
Jessie, wife of Rev. Wallace Radcliffe, D. D., of
Detroit.

WILLIAM PALMER WELLS, the son of Noah
Burrall and Phoebe Palmer (Hewitt) Wells, was born
at St. Albans, in Franklin County, Vermont, Febru-
ary 15, 1 83 1. His father, a lineal descendant of
Thomas Wells, an early Governor of Connecticut,
was born in Old Canaan, Litchfield County, Con-
necticut, in 1794, and settled in St. Albans, Ver-
mont, in 181 2, where he was engaged in mercan-
tile pursuits until his death in 1857. His mother
was born in Pawlet, Vermont, in 1801, and was
a descendant of the Palmer family of Stonington,
Connecticut. She died at Detroit in 1882.

William P. Wells took a preparatory college
course at the Franklin County Grammar School at
St. Albans, and then entered the University of
Vermont at Burlington, and after spending four
years, graduated with the degree of A. B. in 185 1.
After graduation he commenced the study of law
at St. Albans. In 1852 he entered the law school
of Harvard University, and in 1854 graduated with
the degree of LL. B., receiving the highest honors
of his class for a thesis on ** The Adoption of the
Principles of Equity Jurisprudence into the Adminis-
tration of the Common Law." The same year he
received the degree of M. A. from the University of
Vermont, and in 1854 was admitted to the bar of
his native State at St. Albans. In January, 1856,
he settled in Detroit, entering the law office of
James V. Campbell. In March following he was
admitted to the bar of Michigan, and in November
of the same year became a partner of James V.
Campbell, the partnership continuing until Judge
Campbell's accession to the bench in 1858 as one
of the judges of the Supreme Court of Michigan.
From that time to the present Mr. Wells has con-
tinued the practice of law alone in Detroit. His

legal talents early won just recognition, and his
practice has extended to all the courts of the State
and United States. He has been counsel in many
of the most important litigations of the past twenty-
five years, notably in cases involving the constitu-
tionality of the War Confiscation Acts, heard in
the Supreme Court of the United States in 1869
and 1870.

He was a member of the Legislature of Michigan
in 1865-6, as a representative from the city of De-
troit. As a member of the Committee on Elections,
he took an active part in the contested election cases,
and made a report strongly urging the Legislature
to follow the decision of the Supreme Court upon
the ** Soldier Voting Law."

He was a member of the Board of Education of
Detroit in 1863-4, and chairman of the Committee
on Library. In the latter capacity he made an
elaborate report in favor of the foundation of a
library which became a basis for the plan of the
present Public Library, and at its opening in March,
1865, he made the principal address.

In 1874-5, during the leave of absence of Judge
Charles I. Walker, Kent Professor of Law in the
University of Michigan, Mr. Wells was appointed
to the vacancy. On Judge Walker's resignation in
1876, Mr. Wells was appointed to the professor-
ship, a position he held until December, 1885,
when he resigned because of the interference of its
duties with his legal practice. The subjects assigned
to this professorship, and of which Mr. Wells had
charge, were Corporations, Contracts, Commercial
Law generally. Partnership, and Agency. Upon his
resignation an address was presented him by the
students, and resolutions of commendation adopted
by the Regency.

From January i, 1887, to the close of the col-
lege year, Mr. Wells held the position of Lecturer
on Constitutional History and Constitutional Law
in the University of Michigan, temporarily dis-
charging the duties of Judge Cooley, Professor of
American History and Constitutional Law in that
institution. In June, 1887, he was again called by
the Regency to the Kent Professorship in the law
school, and he now holds that position. The sub-
ject of Constitutional Law was added to those of
which he has charge.

Outside of his professional work, Mr. W^ells has
given attention to general studies within the wide
range of intellectual culture, and is often called
upon for addresses upon literary and other occa-
sions. At the commencement of the Law Depart-
ment of the University of Michigan, in 1870, he de-
livered an address on " The Public Relations of the
Legal Profession," and in 1875 one on "The Relations
of Educated Men to American Politics,' ' before the
Associate Alumni of the University of Vermont ; in

c

72,

O

■^

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

II31

1876 on "The Civil Liberty of New England"
before the New England Society of Ann Arbor,
and on '* The Relations of Lawyers to the Reform
of the Law," at the commencement of the Law De-
partment of the University of Michigan in 1883.
At the Legislative Reunion at Lansing in June,
1886, he delivered an address upon "The Legisla-
tive Power in a Free Commonwealth;" also memo-
rial addresses in Detroit, on Decoration Day, 1883
and 1884.

Always an earnest advocate of the free trade
policy, he is vice-president of the American Free
Trade League, and an honorary member of the
Cobden Club of England.

He was one of the earliest members of the
American Bar Association, organized in 1878, which
holds its annual session at Saratoga, N. Y., and for
several years has been a member of the General
Council ; and in 1 888 was elected chairman of the
General Council. At the meeting in 1886, he pre-
sented a paper on " The Dartmouth College Case
and Private Corporations," which has been re-
printed from the transactions of the Association,
and widely circulated, attracting much attention.

Among the members of the legal profession, Mr.
Wells stands in the front rank. As an advocate, a
lecturer, and a gentleman of broad and liberal cul-
ture, he holds a place among the best, and his legal
attainments, tested by long practice in important
cases, justified his selection as an associate with
Judges Cooley and Campbell in the law faculty of
the University.

His legal studies, however, have not fully en-
grossed his attention, and the intervals of freedom
from pressing professional duties have been devoted
to following avenues of intellectual culture opened
by a liberal education.

Naturally a clear and vigorous thinker, and pos-
sessing the valuable gift of clear and forcible ex-
pression, he needed only the opportunities he has
enjoyed to secure eminence as an orator, alike at
the bar, in the political arena, and in the halls of the
University.

For his duties in connection with the University
he possesses special fitness, and it is by that work
that he will be most widely remembered. The
professional successes of a lawyer, however useful
or beneficial, are comparatively ephemeral, but the
teacher who has been the means of giving an intel-
lectual impetus, and who has imparted the clear
light of absolute knowledge to the inquiring mind,
is sure of being held in grateful remembrance.
That Mr. Wells has been greatly successful as a
professor is conceded by all who have any knowledge
of the University, and especially by the students
who have been fortunate in having him as an
instructor. His abilities are such as to command

acquaintanceship with many persons distinguished
in professional and political life.

He has long taken an active and leading part in
party politics; he is, however, always dignified, self-
respecting and courteous to his political opponents,
and incapable of descending to the ignoble practices
so common in the political arena.

His party affiliations have always been with the
Democratic party, and he has been prominent and
active in its councils and efforts in Michigan. Dur-
ing the War for the Union he was a strong War
Democrat and ably supported the Government in
the suppression of the Rebellion. In 1866 he was a
delegate from Michigan to the Union National Con-
vention in Philadelphia. In 1868 he was a mem-
ber of the Democratic State Central Committee,
and in 1883 and in 1888, President of the Demo-
cratic State Convention. Often urged by his
party, especially since its accession to control in the
Federal Government, for high positions, he has
steadily refused to seek office. His religious affili-
ations are with the Protestant Episcopal Church,
and he is a member of St. Paul's Parish.

He was married October 14, 1857, to Mary
Campbell, youngest daughter of Henry M. Camp-
bell. They have had four children, of whom only
one, Charles William, is now living.

ALBERT HAMILTON WILKINSON was
born at Novi, Oakland County, Michigan, Novem-
ber 19, 1834. His father, James Wilkinson, was of
English descent, and was born in Henderson, Jeffer-
son County, New York, February 24, 1800. In 1825
he purchased from the Government a tract of land in
Novi, upon which, as one of the earliest pioneer
farmers, he continued to reside until his death on
February 3, 1872, The maiden name of his wife was
Elizabeth Yerkes. She died in 1863. Her ancestors
w^ere of German descent, and came to America in
the Colonial period. James Wilkinson had six chil-
dren, five of whom reached mature age. The eld-
est was Harmon, who died at the age of nineteen.
The other children, in their order after A. H. Wil-
kinson, w^ere James Milton, now a banker at Mar-
quette, Michigan ; Melissa, wife of Homer A. Flint,
Register of the Probate Court of Detroit ; William
Lewis, deceased, and Charles M., a lawyer, at
Minneapolis.

Albert H. Wilkinson was reared in the country,
but early in life evinced a taste and desire for a pro-
fessional career. His education began in the dis-
trict school, and was continued at the Cochrane
Academy, at Northville, Michigan, conducted by
the father of the late Lyman Cochrane, first Judge
of the Superior Court of Detroit. After leaving
Northville, Mr. Wilkinson conducted a winter school
in Milford Township, Oakland County, and subse-

II32

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

quently entered the State Normal School at Ypsi-
lanti, being one of the earliest students of that insti-
tution at Its opening in the spring of 1853. At the
end of a year and a half he left the Normal School
to accept the position of principal of the Union
Graded School at Centreville, St. Joseph County,
Michigan. Being determined to perfect himself in
his studies, he remained only five months at Centre-
ville, and then, for the purpose of studying Greek,
went to Rufus Nutting's Academy at Lodi Plains,
Washtenaw County. From there, in 1 855, he entered
the Michigan State University, graduating in the
classical course in 1859. He then attended the law
department of the University, remaining during the
school year, afterwards studying in the office of
Judge M. E. Crofoot, of Pontiac, and in June, i860,
was admitted to the bar.

In the fall of i860, and for a short period there-
after, he practiced in partnership with Henry M.
Look, and afterwards with Oscar F. Wisner. In
August, 1861, he came to Detroit, and for the follow-
ing five years continued the practice of law with
W. P. Yerkes, Probate Judge. On January i, 1866,
with Hoyt Post, he established the law firm of Wil-
kinson & Post, which was continued until 1873, when
Mr. Post retired, and Mr. Wilkinson formed a part-
nership with his brother Charles M., under the firm
name of A. H. & C. M. Wilkinson. In 1877 Mr.
Post again became a partner of the firm, and from
that time until 1884, when Charles M. Wilkinson
retired, the firm was known as Wilkinson, Post &
Wilkinson. Since 1884 it has been Wilkinson &
Post. Mr. Wilkinson's practice has been general,
but of late years has pertained largely to the settle-
ment of estates.

His party affiliations have been with the Repub-
lican party. He has been a member of the School
Board from the Fifth Ward, and from 1873 to 1877
served as Judge of Probate.

He was one of the organizers of the Michigan
Mutual Life Insurance Company and of the Mich-
igan Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and has
been attorney and director of both companies. He
was also one of the organizers of the Michigan
Savings Bank, and has always been its attorney.

When quite young he became a member of the
Baptist Church, and is art earnest and influential
spirit in that organization, and for several years has
been a trustee and deacon in the First Baptist
Church. He has been active in Sunday School
work, and for many years was Superintendent of the
First Baptist School, and also of the Clinton Avenue
Mission School. He assisted in the organization
and was the first president of the Detroit Baptist
Social Union. His reputation in the community is
that of an upright, consistent Christian gentleman,
an honest, painstaking lawyer, a good neighbor and

a firm friend, and he has received and fulfilled many
important trusts faithfully and honorably.

He was married July 4, 1859, to Elvira M. Allen
a graduate of the State Normal School in 1858.

JAMES WITHERELL was born in Mansfield,
Massachusetts, June 16, 1759. His ancestors came
from England between 1620 and 1640. In June,
1775, when only sixteen years old, he voluntarily
enlisted as a private in a Massachusetts regiment,
and served at the siege of Boston and entirely
through the War of the Revolution. He was severely
wounded at the battle of White Plains, was at the
battles of Long Island, Stillwater, and Bemis
Heights, and present at the surrender of Burgoyne.
He was also with the army at Valley Forge when
it endured the severest of its sufferings, and the fol-
lowing summer fought at the battle of Monmouth.
During the latter part of his services he held a
commission of Adjutant in the Eleventh Massachu-
setts Regiment. He witnessed the execution of
Andre, at Tappan, and with other soldiers partici-
pated in the final disbanding of the Continental
Army in 1783, at New^burg.

On being mustered out of service, he found him-
self in possession of seventy dollars in Continental
scrip. With this sum he settled in Connecticut,
studied medicine, and after about five years re-
moved to Vermont and engaged in the practice of
his profession. Here he rose rapidly in the esteem
of his fellow-citizens, and was called upon to fill a
number of public offices. He served in the Legis-
lature of Vermont from 1798 to 1803, w^as County
Judge for the two following years, and State Coun-
cillor for the three years following 1804. In 1807
he was elected to Congress, and in 1808 had the
pleasure of voting for the Act which abolished
the slave trade. While in Congress, on April 23,
1808, he was appointed by President Jefferson one
of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Terri-
tory of Michigan. Soon afterwards he resigned
his seat and started for the then almost unknown
region. Arriving here, he found the duties of his
office arduous and perplexing. He w^as not only
one of the Chief Judges, but the Governor and
Judges together constituted the Territorial Legisla-
ture, and they also acted as a land board in adjust-
ing old land claims, and in laying out anew the
City of Detroit. From the time of his arrival in
Detroit until his decease. Judge Witherell was
prominent in all public affairs. As one of the
Judges he did more than any one else to squelch the
fraudulent Detroit Bank, and he aided materially
in bringing the chaotic laws of the Territory into
somewhat of symmetry, and was the author of the
"Witherell Code."

His family, who had been residing at Fair Haven,

■^^

7

'U Ui

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

II33

Connecticut, did not come to Detroit until 18 10, and
tliey remained only about a year, the unsettled state
of affairs with the Indians, and their threatening
attitude, causing them to return to Vermont. The
next year after their return the War of 181 2 began,
and Judge Witherell, who, in the absence of Gov-
ernor Hull, was the only Revolutionary oflicer in
the Territory, was placed in command of the Terri-
torial militia. On the arrival of General Hull and
the almost immediate surrender of Detroit, Mr.
Witherell refused to surrender his corps, but al-
lowed them to disperse. He, with his son, James
C. C. Witherell, who was an officer in the volunteer
service, and his son-in-law, Colonel Joseph Watson,
became prisoners, and were sent to Kingston, On-
tario, where they were released on parole. They
tlien went to West Poultney, Vermont, and after
being exchanged, the Judge returned to his duties,
and continued in the same office until February i,
1828, when he was appointed Secretary of the Ter-
ritory.

Judge Witherell was about six feet in height,
erect in form, and possessed a positive character.
His correspondence shows great facility of expres-
sion, a wide range of words, and that he was a stu-
dent of books and men is abundantly evident. It
was said of him, by one of the most eminent states-
men of the age, that " he possessed as pure a heart
and as sound an intellect as is ordinarily given to
human nature." His sterling integrity, moral worth,
and prompt attention to official duties, made him an
acceptable judge. He was a man of few words,
but of clearly defined opinions, and possessed an
almost inflexible will. These qualities of mind, guided
by his strong common sense, enabled him to exert
a leading influence in whatever position he was
placed.

In 18 1 3 he bought what is known as the Wither-
ell Farm, and resided upon it until 1836. He then,
removed to a residence on the site of the present
Detroit Opera House, where he died on January 6,
1838.

The Legislature was then in session in the city,
and both it and the Supreme Court of the State
passed eulogistic resolutions, and adjourned as a
mark of respect.

Judge Witherell was married to Amy Hawkins,
on November 11, 1780. She w^as born in Smith-
held, Rhode Island, and was a descendant of Roger
Williams. Her father's name was Charles, her
mother's maiden name, Sarah Olney. They had
six children: James C. C, born July 14, 1791 ; he
entered Middlebury College in 1803, but went with
the family to Detroit, arriving in a government
sloop on June 20, 18 10; he died at Poultney on
August 26, 1 81 3. Sarah Myrawas born September
^ 1792, married Colonel Joseph Watson, and died

in Poultney, March 22, 181 8. Betsey Matilda was
born in 1793, niarried Dr. E. Hurd, and died at
Detroit in 1852. Mary Amy was born in October,
1795, married Thomas Palmer in 182-1, and died in
Detroit, March 19, 1874. Benjamin F. H. was
born in 1797, and died June 22, 1867. James B.
was born May 12, 1799, became a midshipuian in
the United States Navy, and died of yellow fever
on board the United States ship Peacock, during
a passage from Havana to Hampton Roads.

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN HAWKINS WITH-
ERELL was born at Fair Haven, Vermont, August
4, 1797, and was the second son of Judge James
Witherell, one of the Judges of the Territorial Su-
preme Court of Michigan.

He was educated chiefly in the East, under the
tuition of Dr. Beaman, and in 1 8 1 7, on the permanent
removal of his father's family to Detroit, he com-
menced the study of law m the office of Governor
Woodbridge. In 18 19 he was admitted to the bar
of the Territorial Court, and entered upon the prac-
tice of his profession in Detroit. On the motion of
Daniel Webster, he was subsequently admitted to
the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States.
He began almost immediately to be sought for
public office, and was appointed a Justice of the
Peace in 1824, and Recorder of the city in 1828. In
1834, and during the most of the year 1835, he served
as Judge of Probate and from 1835 to 1839 was
Prosecuting Attorney for Wayne County. In 1843
he became District Judge of the Criminal Court, the
district consisting of the counties of Wayne, Wash-
tenaw, and Jackson, and held the office for four years,
and until the Court was abolished by the Constitu-
tion of 1850. In 1857 he was chosen Circuit Judge
of Wayne County to fill the vacancy made by the res-
ignation of Judge Douglass, and was re-elected to this
office for tw^o successive terms, serving in all some
ten years. During his term as Circuit Judge he also,
in 1858, under the law, served as one of the Judges
of the Supreme Court, and from 1862 to 1864 was
Judge of the Recorder's Court. In addition to the
above he served as a member of the convention of
1836 at Ann Arbor, which resulted in securing
the admission of Michigan as a State; he was
also a member of the Constitutional Convention
of 1850. He served as State Senator in 1840 and
1 841, as Regent of the University in 1848, and
as Historiographer of the city of Detroit from 1855
to 1867. He also held at various periods of time
the military offices of Judge Advocate General.
Brigadier-General, and Major-General of the militia,
and was President of the Soldiers' and Sailors*
Monument Association at. the time of his death.
He w^as President of the State Historical Society
for many years, and wrote numerous articles illus-

1 134

JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

trative of the history of Michigan, and in his day
no one was better acquainted with the history of
Detroit than himself. Many of his recollections
were published in the Detroit Free Press, over the
signature of Hamtramck, and a number of them
were republished by the State Historical Society of
Wisconsin. He was one of the corporators of the
First Protestant Church of Detroit, and one of the
first trustees of the First Methodist Episcopal
Church, organized in 1822. He was active and
influential in all moral reforms, helped to organize
the Bible Society in 1831, and was one of the earli-
est to aid in establishing the common school system
of the city.

In his prime he was over six feet in stature, genial
and kindly in his disposition, and universally es-
teemed as an upright and honorable man, and had
a host of warm personal friends, especially among
the French residents. He was married in 1824 to
Mary A. Sprague, of Poultney, Vermont. They
had four children, namely, Martha E., James B.,
Harriet C. M., and Julia A. His wife died in August,
1834, and in 1837 he married Delia A. Ingersoll.
They had one child, Charles I. Witherell. The wife
and mother died in 1847, and in 1848 he married
Cassandra S, Brady, who died in March, 1863. Mr.
Witherell died on June 26, 1867.

CHAPTER XCIV.

MERCHANTS.

HENRY JAMES BUCKLEY was bom in the
city of Baltimore, in 1822, and in 1838 came to De-
troit, and entered the employ of Gurdon Williams
& Co., produce merchants and forwarders, who
were largely interested in the Detroit and Pontiac
Railroad, then in process of construction. The
same firm were pioneers of the Lake Superior trade,
and loaded and sent the first propeller that ever
cleared for that region, and, in addition to all their
other enterprises, were tfie owners of the Bank of
Pontiac.

Growing out of his connection with the firm, Mr.
Buckley, in 1839, served for a time as conductor on
the railroad, and, subsequently, as teller in the Bank
of Pontiac. At this time he was only seventeen
years old, but he had given such satisfactory proof
of his integrity and business talent that he won the
unlimited confidence of his employers. The amount
of labor performed by him would seem incredible,
to those unfamiliar with his astonishing capacity
for business at that time, and which was even more
fully exemplified in his after life. He performed
almost the entire official business, ^oth of the bank,
and the railroad, regularly going the rounds of the
stores and warehouses, to look after shipments, when
the other duties of the day had been performed.

In 1854, the firm of Gurdon Williams & Co.
withdrew from the business of produce and for-
warding, and were succeeded by a new firm, con-
sisting of G. O. Williams, H. J. Buckley and N. G.
Williams. Further changes took place in i860 and
1864, and, after the last date, the style of the firm
became " Buckley & Co.," their operations being
carried on at the identical stand at the foot of First
Street where Mr. Buckley had commenced work.
The business of the house steadily increased, and
with its growth, Mr. Buckley became by degrees
closely identified with the interests of the Upper
1 eninsula, and invested a large share of his earn-
ings in developing the resources of that important
portion of the State.

His proclivities were proverbially of an adven-
turous character, and the many mining enterprises
of that region presented a fine field for their exer-

cise. He operated, however, with tact and good
judgment, seldom risking largely where the invest-
ment was not proved judicious by actual results,
and very few copper mines were ever started to the
development of which his means and influence
were not contributed. His landed property in the
mining region grew to large proportions, and his
interests there, at the time of his death, were doubt-
less more diversified than those of any other man
ever connected with the Lake Superior trade.

He was alwaj^s well versed in mercantile values
and shrewd in making a bargain, and, when made,
no man was ever more faithful in abiding by a con-
tract. He had a high ideal as to what constituted
mercantile integrity, and would sacrifice thousands
of dollars rather than forfeit his honor, and this not
in a vainglorious spirit, but simply as a matter of
integrity.

He belonged to the Democratic school of politics,
and although warm and enthusiastic, his preferences
and convictions were never tainted by bigotry. At
the State election, in 1870, he was a candidate for
Representative in the State Legislature, and al-
though some of his colleagues upon the ticket were
men of great personal popularity, he received more
votes than any other candidate on the ticket, and
was one of the two Democratic Representatives
chosen. In 1865 he was unanimously elected
President of the Board of Trade.

He was a genial companion, and his manner was
always deferential, which rendered him a pleasing
associate, and it is worthy of note that in social life
he never spoke sneeringly or deprecatingly of others.
If he could not speak well of the absent, he would
say nothing.

He was married on November 3, 1858, to Mary
Williams of Detroit. She is still living, and also
their four children— Mary, Henry, Cornelia Wil-
liams and James Pinkney. Henry resides in San-
tiago, California. Mr. Buckley died November 27,
1 870. The Board of Trade and other bodies passed
highly commendatory resolutions, and the attend-
ance of business men at his funeral was the largest
seen up to that time in Detroit, and included over

C"35l

II36

MERCHANTS.

sixty members of the Board of Trade, who marched
in procession the entire distance to the cemetery.

JAMES BURNS was born November 10, 1810.
At the age of nine years he left his home in Lewis
County, New York, started in life for himself, and
in 1826 commenced to learn the trade of a car-
penter and joiner, in Turin, New York. Subse-
quently he attended the Louisville Academy,
studying in the winter, and in the summer working
at his trade.

In 1834 he came to Detroit, where he pursued his
trade for a year. The succeeding year he traveled
on horseback over a large part of the wilds of
Michigan, and bought for himself and others large
amounts of wild land.

He afterwards became clerk in the dry goods
house of Olney Cook, and after two years' service
became a partner, under the firm name of Cook &
Burns. For seven years they transacted business
in a store on Jefferson avenue, where the Old
Masonic Hall now stands, and during that time
their establishment became one of the best known
business houses in the city. After several years
Mr. Cook retired, and T. L. Partridge was taken
into partnership, and the firm then became James
Burns & Co., and under this name carried on a very
successful business for fully twenty years. In 1850
the business was removed to the east side of Wood-
ward avenue, just north of Jefferson avenue. In
1866 Mr. Partridge retired, and Lucien A. Smith
was admitted as partner, the firm name chang-
ing to Burns & Smith, and remaining thus until
1874, when Mr. Burns retired, having been in
the dry goods business in Detroit for nearly forty
years.

In 1 86 1, when the first Board of Review for the
city was provided for by the Legislature, Mr. Burns
was nominated by Mayor C. H. Buhl as a member
of the Board, was confirmed by the Council, and
served in this position twelve years, having been
nominated and re-nominated by five successive
Mayors and appointed by five successive Councils
of different political principles from his own. He
resigned in 1873, when elected as Representative in
the State Legislature. As a member of that body
he was appointed upon the Committee of Ways
and Means, and on many of the most prominent
special committees, and strove to make himself use-
ful rather than conspicuous.

In 1873 he erected the Burns Block on Griswold
street, and in 1877, with Mr. Buhl, he erected a
block on Woodward avenue, on the site of the old
Odd Fellows' Hall.

In 1876 he was appointed, by the Governor, a
member of the Board of Coi\trol of the State Public
School at Coldwater, and in 1877, was elected Presi-

dent of the Board, retaining the position for several
years.

Mr. Burns was married on April 20, 1838, to
Aurilla A. Bacon. They were members of the
Central Methodist Episcopal Church of Detroit for
over forty years, longer than any other married
couple in a membership of over seven hundred.
During this time the location of the church was
changed three times, each time being moved north-
ward on Woodward avenue. Mr. Burns filled
many of the most prominent positions in the church,
and always gave largely towards its support.

As a business man, Mr. Burns's unfailing char-
acteristics were industry and integrity. As a citizen,
he took a spirited interest in everything that tended
to the prosperity of the city, doing much towards
its material improvement by the erection of fine
buildings, and contributed freely of his means to
worthy and benevolent enterprises. In all his inter-
course with others he was plain and unassuming ;
his advice and judgment on business matters was
frequently sought, and he was eminently methodical
in the management of his own affairs, and trusted
and esteemed as a man and a Christian.

He died on December 7, 1883. His daughters,
Mrs. Henry A. Newland, Mrs. Rev. J. M. Buckley,
and Mrs. A. M. Henry, all died before him. His
wife and three grandchildren are still living.

WILLIAM KIEFT COYL only son of James
CoyI, sea captain, and Lydia (Hicks) Coyl, was born
in New Haven, Connecticut, February 1 3, 1 808. The
first years of his life were spent in New York City
with relatives, descendants of the early settlers of
New Amsterdam, after one of whom he was named.
Among his earliest recollections was the crowd
which ran through the streets crying Peace ! Peace !
after the War of 1 81 2 which left him fatherless. In
his tenth year he went to live upon a farm near New
Haven, where in spite of a toilsome life and few
opportunities for study open to a country boy at that
time, he managed to obtain a fair education.

It has been truly said that " the man is best edu-
cated who by any means has made his powers
available," and energy, clear thinking, and prompt
decision, were qualities brought West by this young
New Englander. His first location was with Mr.
John Deusler, near Canandaigua, New York, where
he learned the trade of making grain cradles and
other farming utensils. In his twenty-second year he
came to Birmingham, Michigan, built a saw mill, and,
in connection with Mr. John Benjamin, commenced
the manufacture of agricultural implements, and
there produced the first iron plows made in this State.

While in Birmingham he married Jane Bell,
and shortly after, in 1836, moved to Detroit. His
first enterprise here was the bu'lding of the " check-

0 ^///'■

W^A^

<_^^ / '' ' * c< <^^^ / //-/ r

/

MERCHANTS.

1137

ered store " on Wood bridge street, between Wood-
ward avenue and Griswold street, where he carried
on a grocery and hardware business, and kept the
adjoining hotel. To this house, in February, 1838,
many of the wounded in the Patriot War were
brought for surgical treatment, receiving from him,
and other well known citizens, substantial aid and
sympathy.

The records of the Pioneer Society show, that it
was mainly through his " energetic efforts in raising
money and employing teachers," that District School
No. I was opened and kept in operation. His
account book of 1838 contains an interesting state-
ment of the running expenses of this small beginning
of our present fine public schools. Other entries in
the old book show that this gratuitous work was done
at a time when he was sustaining heavy losses in
the so-called wild-cat money of the time. Later on he
moved to Woodward avenue, where he was burned
out in the memorable fire of 1842. An estimate of
this loss closing with the pathetic words, " I have
lost all that I ever made, and now begin again," re-
minds one of Emerson's definition of manly cour-
age :— " It is directness, the instant performance of
that which he ought."

In 1844 he moved to the then farthest up-town
store, on the corner of Woodward avenue and Cam-
pus Martins, conveniently near the Pontiac and
Michigan Central depot's, fronting on the Campus.
Here he shipped green and dried fruits, cheese, and
other produce of Eastern States, to dealers in the in-
terior of Michigan, and later on, was the first to under-
take the shipping of fresh meat to Boston. His busi-
ness increasing, he moved to the warehouse at the
foot of Bates street, and afterwards to the foot of
Wayne street, also occupying the north half of the
Michigan Central freight depot, on Third street,
where he stored and shelled over half a million
bushels of corn, the first important shipment of
grain ever received from the interior of Indiana.
The biography of any old merchant is also a
history of the business methods of his time, and
the books kept by Mr. Coyl show that the grain,
produce and forwarding business was then carried
on in an entirely different manner from transac-
tions ingrain at the present day. Farmers brought
their produce directly to the warehouse, where,
^n one busy day, six thousand bushels of grain
were bought and paid for, the teams waiting to be
unloaded extending, in a double line, from the dock
to the Franklin House, at the corner of Bates and
Larned streets. The capacity of the largest vessels
then running to Buffalo and Oswego was about 10,000
bushels, and it took forty-eight hours to load this
amount, by means of box-shaped hand-carts. New
inventions have lightened labor and increased trade,
^ut a wise writer has said *' the machine unmakes

the man." The qualities then brought into exer-
cise in overcoming difficulties, attending to number-
less details, and in handling many men, developed
strong characters ; men of unquestioned integrity,
who took especial pride in the fact that they "always
paid one hundred cents on the dollar."

Mr. Coyl was of a retiring disposition, and, although
an earnest whig in early life, had no desire to become
prominent in local politics or societies. The only
office he ever held was that of member of the Board
of Estimates. In 1856 he retired from active busi-
ness in the city, and became interested in Iowa lands.
In i860 he built the block corner of Woodward Ave-
nue and Campus Martins, subsequently improving
other property, and, with business caution, entering
into all plans for the welfare of the city.

When the war opened, his two sons were among
the first to respond to the call for volunteers. Wil-
liam H. Coyl, a student of scarcely twenty when
commissioned Major, left a brilliant record as Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the 9th Iowa Infantry, and Judge
Advocate of Kentucky. He died in 1866 of disease
of the lungs, the effect of a wound received at
the battle of Pea Ridge. During the war, Mr.
Coyl spent much time in seeking out and assisting
sick and friendless soldiers, and, in later life, a
fondness for young men became characteristic. His
pleasant office made attractive with means for social
games and current literature became a resort for
young men of all professions. Such companionship,
like mercy, "is twice blessed." He found diversion
and kept pace with the times in reading and dis-
cussing with " the boys " the social, scientific, and
religious questions of the day. In him they found
a sympathetic friend, and often a wise helper, but
he was so quiet in his benefactions that few oesides
the recipients knew of them.

He died August 13, 1883. Samuel B. Coyl, and
a daughter, Jean L., are the only surviving children.

THOMAS ROBERT DUDLEY was born in
Hunton, Kent County, England, December 1 1, 1833,
and is the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Boughton)
Dudley. His paternal ancestors lived in Kent for
centuries, while his mother represented one of the
oldest Yorkshire families. His father, a prosperous
farmer, died in early manhood, leaving his widow
with three children, of whom Thomas was the
youngest. The family after the father's death lived
with the children's grandfather, Robert Dudley.

Thomas R. Dudley attended the village school
until he w^as ten years old, and then entered the
Clapton School, of London, where he remained five
years. Equipped with a fair education, he then be-
gan his business career as clerk in a provision store.
While thus engaged, a gentleman from Cincinnati,
connected with the provision trade, visited his em-

II38

MERCHANTS.

ployer, and, in his hearing, spoke so enthusiastically
of the opportunities for advancement for young men
of energy in the New World, that Mr. Dudley deter-
mined to start for America as soon as possible.

He induced his brother, George P., to agree to ac-
company him, and in 1851, drawing from the bank
the small sum of money left them by their father,
they secured passage on a packet ship plying be-
tween Liverpool and Philadelphia, and after a voyage
of forty-five days, landed at the latter city, where
Thomas soon secured employment in a banking
house. In the meantime, his brother obtained a
situation in a furniture factory, but, in 1852, came to
Detroit, and here he was shortly after joined by
Thomas, where the latter immediately began to
learn the wood carving trade, in the furniture factory
of Weber & Stevens. After serving his appren-
ticeship, he entered the sale department, and for
twenty-three years, through the several changes in
the personnel of the firm, remained with the same
house, serving in all departments of the business.

In January, 1876, he went to Philadelphia, and,
with George W. Fowle, began the manufacture of
fans, on an extensive scale. The venture was not
particularly successful, and was discontinued in
September of the same year. Mr. Dudley then re-
turned to Detroit, and opened a small wholesale and
retail furniture store, in the Strong Block, on Jef-
ferson Avenue.

With a perfect knowledge of the demands of his
trade, acquired by long experience, rapid success
followed his undertaking, and his trade increased so
rapidly, that in the following M^rch, it became neces-
sary to secure larger quarters, and he removed to
1 29 Jefferson Avenue. At the same time George
W. Fowle became a partner, under the firm name of
Dudley & Fowle. Their business continued to
grow until it has reached really large proportions.
The warerooms consist of seventeen floors, each
80x100 feet in dimensions, and their sales amount
to nearly a quarter of a million dollars annually,
and extend over Michigan and several adjacent
States, giving employment to a large number of
men. Active and progressive, the members of this
firm have made the name of their house well-known
to the trade, and in the space of ten years, from a
small beginning, with limited capital, they have
attained a leading position in the furniture trade of

• Detroit. This is due in great measure to the energy
and business sagacity of Mr. Dudley, who has been
untiring in his exertions, and his efforts have ex-
hibited good judgment.

He has invested largely in real estate, and by the

^ erection of many fine residences has aided in beau-
tifying the city. Socially he is a genial companion,
and personally enjoys the friendship of a wide cir-
cle of friends, while his business integrity com-

mands the respect of the commercial community.
He is a Democrat in politics, but, aside from loyally
supporting the candidates and principles of his
party, has taken no active part in politics. Although
not a member of any religious denomination, he is
an Episcopalian from early training and faith, and
renders substantial support to religious and charit-
able work. His business partner, Mr. Fowle, was
born in Geneva, New York, but for many years has
been a resident of Detroit, and in numerous ways
has aided the prosperity of the firm.

Mr. Dudley married Sarah Marie Lawhead, of
Brighton, Michigan. They have had three children.
Charles Edward, the only one living, is an assistant
in his father's business.

WILLIAM H. ELLIOTT was born near Am-
herstburg, Ontario, October 13, 1844, and was
employed on a farm and m a store until he was
fourteen years old. His education was obtained
in the schools of that locality. His parents, James
and Elizabeth (Pastorius) Elliott, removed to Kings-
ville, a small village in Essex County, where his
father engaged in mercantile business and in milling.

At the age of sixteen William H. entered a store
at Amherstburg, where he remained until 1864, when
he came to Detroit and engaged as clerk in a small
dry goods store on Jefferson avenue. In 1866 he
became a clerk for George Peck, in one of the stores
on Woodward avenue which he himself now occu-
pies. In 1 87 1 he was admitted as a partner with
Mr. Peck, the firm being George Peck & Co. The
partnership continued until 1880, when Mr. Elliott
withdrew from the firm and established business
for himself at 139 Woodward avenue. In 1884 he
bought out a dry goods store adjoining him, known
as No. 137, in which he had been engaged as
clerk in 1866, and by this operation more than
doubled the volume of his business. He continued
to prosper, and m 1887 added the next store on the
west, and his establishment now includes the three
stores, 135, 137 and 139 Woodward avenue, and is
one of the largest retail houses in Detroit.

His success has been really remarkable, and it is
noticeable that it has been achieved in the same
locality, and literally in the same block, where his
business life has been chiefly spent. This has given
him a large acquaintance with the purchasing pub-
lic, with whom he has always been popular, and
whose confidence he early secured by honorable
dealing, and has as surely kept. He has adhered
strictly to a cash business and to the one-price rule,
and has never been sensational in his advertisements
or methods. Although diligent in business, and
successful in building up a large trade, he has not
been lacking in public spirit nor unmindful of duties
and interests in other directions. Since 1884 he has

^^./v//

MERCHANTS.

1 139

been a director in the Dime Savings Bank ; since
1886 a director in the Imperial Life Insurance Com-
pany, also treasurer and director of the Thomson-
Houston Electric Light Company, and from its
organization a director in the Preston National
Bank. He is the President of the Michigan Club,
and one of the trustees of Harper Hospital, also a
member of the Detroit and Grosse Pointe Clubs.
Much of his leisure time is spent in looking after his
farm and improved stock in Oakland County.

He is a Republican in politics, and an earnest
supporter of every movement that gives promise of
good to the city or nation. As a business man, he
ranks among the ablest in the city. Coming here
without means, he has carved out his own fortune
by energy, enterprise, good management and cour-
teous demeanor tov^ards all, and there are few if
any but rejoice in the success which has crowned
his efforts. He is esteemed as a manly man, a
trustworthy citizen, and a devoted friend. Liberal
towards all worthy charitable objects, he has shown
himself especially helpful to deserving young men,
who by good conduct have commended them-
selves to his confidence. He has been twice married,
first in 1870, to Lena Caverly, who died in March,
1 87 1 . On April 21,1 874, he was married to Fidelia,
daughter of the late Rev. Dr. William Hogarth,
formerly pastor of the Jefferson Avenue Presby-
terian Church, of which congregation both himself
and his wife are members.

JAMES LAFAYETTE EDSON was born at
Batavia, Genesee County, New York, July 31, 1834.
His father's name was Lewis M. Edson. His
mother's maiden name was Sarah A. Flint. They
had five children, three boys and two girls, James L.
being the eldest. The family were descendants of
early puritans, the mother being from Massachusetts.

The elder Mr. Edson contracted the yellow fever
while on a visit to the South, and never fully recov-
ered from its effects, and in consequence of this
fact he and his family made frequent changes of
residence while searching for a favorable climate.
They finally located at Akron, in New York, about
twenty-five miles east of Buffalo, and there, in 1859,
the father died. The two brothers of J. L. Edson,
John M. and Dallas M., enlisted in the War of the
Rebellion, the former dying at Fortress Monroe, and
the latter a few days after reaching home. The
"bother and one sister, Mrs. Charles M. Rich live at
Akron, New York.

The year following his father's death, James L.
Edson, who was then sixteen years old, became a
clerk in the store of Charles M. Rich, the leading
n^erchant in the village. He was in the employ of
^r. Rich four years and then went to Buffalo, where
'^e remained about a year. While in Buffalo he

became impressed with the larger business oppor-
tunities afforded in the West, and determined to
make a venture elsewhere. With this idea he left
Buffalo, without deciding definitely as to where he
would settle; and on December 7, 1855, arrived in
Detroit. Reaching this city an entire stranger, and
with but little means, he sought employment and
secured a situation with James Stephens, in the then
widely advertised and well-known ** Checkered
Store," located on the site now occupied by the
stores of J. L. Hudson. He remained in this
establishment about two years, and in 1857 secured
a place in the large wholesale dry goods house of
Orr, Town & Smith, who had succeeded Zachariah
Chandler & Co., at 23 Woodward avenue, Mr.
Chandler, who had been elected to the United
States Senate, retaming an interest as special part-
ner. In the spring of 1866 Mr. Edson was admit-
ted as a partner in the business, the name of the
firm being changed to Allan Shelden & Co., the
partnership continuing for six years. In Febru-
ary, 1872, in connection with George F. Moore,
Ransom Gillis, Charles Buncher and Stephen Bald-
win, Mr. Edson organized the firm of Edson,
Moore & Co. They began business at Nos. 188
and 190 Jefferson avenue, on the west side of Bates
street, and in 1882 removed to the building Nos. 194
to 204 Jefferson avenue, which was erected espe-
cially for their occupancy.

In this place the success of the firm has been
quite exceptional, and no house of the kind in
Detroit does a larger business, and few dry goods
houses in the West sell as many goods yearly as
are marketed by their establishment. The extent
of the business affords ample scope for business
management of the highest order, and the success
achieved affords abundant evidence of the possession
of these qualities by the persons chiefly interested.

In social life, Mr. Edson is known as a warm
friend and generous companion. He is liberal in
his benefactions, appreciative of good endeavors,
discriminating in judgment, and is highly esteemed
as a progressive, successful and public-spirited citi-
zen. Politically he is a Republican, and has served
as President of the Michigan Club. In addition to
his regular business interests, he is a large share-
holder in the Brush Electric Light Company, and a
director in the People's Savings Bank.

He was married in August, 1857, to Julia A.
Collins. They have two living children, Mary A.
and Lillian E. A third daughter, now deceased,
was the wife of E. T. Adams.

JACOB S. FARRAND was born in Mentz,
Cayuga County, New York, May 7, 181 5. His
parents came to Detroit in May, 1825, but after a
few months removed to Ann Arbor. While living

1 140

MERCHANTS.

at Ann Arbor, Mr. Farrand, then a boy of thirteen,
carried the mail on horseback between Detroit and
his home. Two years later in 1830 he came to De-
troit, where he secured employment in the drug
store of Rice & Bingham. After six years' service,
having attained his twenty-first year, he formed a
partnership with Edward Bingham and embarked
in the drug business and continued therein for five
years. He was then appointed deputy collector of
the port and district of Detroit, then extending below
the city and around the shores of Lakes Huron and
Michigan and including the city of Chicago. Dur-
ing the year of 1841 he also served as military sec-
retary of the Governor. After four years' service
as deputy collector he again entered the drug
business and has since continued actively engaged
therein.

As senior member of the wholesale drug firm of
Farrand, Williams & Co. he has seen ihe business
grow from a few thousands yearly to an amount
exceeding $1,000,000 annually. The high standing
of the house in commercial circles has been largely
due to the untiring energy, careful management and
unsullied business probity of Mr. Farrand. His
active energies have also been directed to other busi-
ness channels where equal success has followed his
endeavors. For many years he has been treasurer
of the Detroit Gas Light Company ; a director of the
Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Company ; at
present vice-president, and from its organization a
director of the Wayne County Savings Bank ; from
the beginning connected with the Michigan Mutual
Life Insurance Company and for many years its
president. For years he has been a director of the
First National Bank and was its president from 1868
to 1883, holding the position at a time w^hen able
financial management and the full confidence of the
people were especially needed. His wise counsel,
good judgment and far-seeing ability as well as
his personal worth inspire the fullest trust in all the
institutions under his control.

In a monograph on Banking in Michigan, pre-
pared by Theodore H. Hinchman, he pays Mr.
Farrand the following well deserved tribute , " Jacob
S. Farrand was president of the First National Bank
from the death of S. P. Brady in 1868 until the ex-
piration of its first term in 1 883. He is of medium
height, slender with strong regular features and
pleasing address. His well known reliability and
integrity commended the bank to public favor and
aided in securing to it a large business. Careful,
conscientious, faithful attention to duties, combined
with good sense, entitled him to a high position as
a bank officer. His kindly deportment and benev-
olent impulses have won many friends. He is one
of those rare good tempered persons who have no
quarrels and consequently have no enemies. At the

same time he is not over credulous or liable to
imposition."

His taste and disposition do not run toward pub-
lic station nor official life, but on several occasions
he has waived his personal preferences and accepted
public duties. From i860 to 1864 he was a mem-
ber of the Common Council. During this period he
served for one year as president of the Board and
for a short time was acting mayor. When the Met-
ropolitan Police law was enacted he was appointed
Police Commissioner for the long term and served
eight years all the time as president of the Board,
after which he was solicited to continue in office but
declined a re-appointment. For twenty years he has
been a member of and has served as president of
the Board of Water Commissioners. He has ever
evinced a warm interest in educational projects, and
as a member of the Board of Education was for sev-
eral years a helpful factor in securing liberal pro-
visions for the maintenance of public schools, and is
president of the Detroit Home and Day School.

From boyhood Mr. Farrand has been a member
of the first Presbyterian Church of Detroit, and
since 1856 an elder. His efforts in religious and
charitable work have been founded on deep and
conscientious convictions of duty. He was a mem-
ber of the committee to the General Assembly of
the Presbyterian Church, which met at Dayton,
Ohio, in 1863, ^t New York in 1869, ^^^ at Detroit
in 1873. He took a prominent part in the action
which brought about the union of the new and old
schools of Presbyterians of the United States, hav-
ing been a member of the joint committee on re-
union appointed by the Assemblies in 1866 and also
of the committee of conference on the same subject
appointed by the Assemblies of 1869. He was on
the committee for the reorganization of the Board
of Home Missions and for many years was receiving
agent in Detroit for the American Board of Commis-
sioners of Foreign Missions. In July, 1877, he was
a delegate to the Pan Presbyterian Alliance held at
Edinburgh, Scotland. In local church work in con-
nection with the Presbyterian denomination, he has
been as active as the most critical could desire, both
by gifts of money and of personal service. For
many years he has been a Sunday school teacher, in
one of the most needy fields of mission labor and in
temperance work was active at an early day, when
to be so was to be singular, and his labors in this
direction and in favor of Sunday observances are
w^ell known matters of record. He has been from
the first actively and earnestly interested in the
furtherance of the interests of Harper Hospital
serving as trustee and for several years as President
of this most worthy institution. He is also a trustee
of the State institution known as the Eastern Asy-
lum for the Insane at Pontiac.

^ V^-^^V^-

wro,

rox.

MERCHANTS.

II4I

Mr. Farrand is simple in his taste and habits,
modest and retiring in disposition, conscientious and
careful in his doings. His religious views are the
result of the clearest and most deliberate convic-
tions, but he is full of generous and charitable im-
pulses and includes in his fellowship all who believe
in and practice the Christian virtues. As a business
man he is conservative and cautious, yet when he
has once embarked in an enterprise he has the
courage to see it through to the end. He is one of
those who know how to be independent without
being obstinate. Although conservative, he is not
harnessed to dogmas or rules ; is seldom aggressive,
but is never crowded from the platform of his own
judgment. He never arouses antagonism by arro-
gant or dogmatic pursuance of a project, but a
course of action decided upon, although pursued
with persistency would be so manifestly fair as to be
accepted by all the right thinking as wise and just.
In matters of great interest, and in times of great
excitement, his equanimity is undisturbed and his
judgment unclouded. His deep interest in the
material prosperity of Detroit has been proved in
many ways. Personally he is genial and pleasant,
enjoying the society of his friends, and living
loyally up to every duty of his public, business, and
private life. More could be said of him in com-
mendation ; less could not and do justice to one
who for so long a period has rendered constant,
devoted, and efficient service to many agencies that
have aided in the enlightenment and uplifting of his
fellow-citizens.

He was married August 12, 1841, to Olive M.
Coe, of Hudson, Ohio, daughter of Rev. Harvey
Coe, a pioneer of the Western Reserve, well known
to many of the older citizens of this city. Their
children are: Mary C, wife of Rev. James Lewis,
of Joliet, Illinois; W. R. Farrand, J. S. Farrand, Jr.,
and Ollie C, wife of R. P. Williams.

JOHN FARRAR, of Detroit, traced the family
ancestry to John Farrar, of Lancashire, England,
who, with his younger brother Jacob, settled at and
Were among the first proprietors of Lancaster,
Massachusetts, which town was incorporated on
May 18, 1653. On the twenty-fourth of Septem-
ber, 1653, they were leaders and signers of what
Was called " a covenant for the better preserving of
l^he purity of religion and themselves from the
infection of error, and for- the exclusion of excom-
niunicants or otherwise profane and scandalous per-
sons, or anyone notoriously erring against the doc-
tnne and discipline of the churches and the State
and the government of the commonwealth." Dm-
^ng King Phillip's War, on February 10, 1675, the
town was nearly destroyed by the Indians and sev-
eral of the family were killed by them. The Far-

rars of Lancashire, England, are descended from
the Farrars or Farrers of Eawood Hall, Halifax,
Lords of the Manor Wortley, in Yorkshire, of which
family the head in 1863 was James Farrar, of Ingle-
borough County, York, Deputy Lieutenant for
West Riders and County Durham, and formerly
Member of Parliament of South Durham. From
this Yotkshire family came Robert Farrar or Far-
rers, Bishop of St. David and Canon of St. Mary's,
who was martyred in the reign of Queen Mary.
They were descended from Henry de Ferrers,
son of Walchelin de Ferriers, who was a Nor-
man Knight, and a conspicuous leader in the army
of William the Conqueror in 1066; his name is on
the roll of Battle Abbey and in the Doomsday
book. The Lordship of Etingdon was given him in
Normandy after the conquest. He was created
Lord of Tutbury, County of Stafford, and his son
Robert, Earl of Derby, by King William. The
family originally took its name from Ferriers, a
town in the Gastenois, France, celebrated for its
iron mines. Arms, crests and mottoes are numer-
ous in the early history of the family. The de-
scendants of John and Jacob Farrar have been in all
the w^ars incident to the United States ; have served
as judges and filled various professorships at Dart-
mouth, Andover and Cambridge.

John Farrar, of Lancaster, Massachusetts, died
November 3, 1669. His son John was born in
England between 1640 and 1650 and had a son
John who was born about 1670, who left a son also
named John, born about 1700. He married Anna
Chandler. In 1758 he joined the British Army
under General Braddock and is supposed to have
been killed at the taking of Quebec in 1759. His
son John, born about 1732, married Anna Whit-
ney ; he was in the War of 1776. His son. Captain
Asa Farrar of Rush, now Avon, New York, form-
erly of Lancaster, Worcester County. Massachu-
setts, was born in Northfield, Massachusetts, June
16, 1760, died at Avon, January 18, 1829. He
married Dorinda Pearsons, a relative of Rev.
Abram Pearsons, first President of Yale College.
In May, 1777, at the age of seventeen, he joined the
Continental Army and was three years in Captain
Hodskin's company, under Colonel Timothy Bige-
low, and three years in Colonel Crane's regiment of
Massachusetts Artillery, and for his services re-
ceived a pension.

His son, John Farrar, of Detroit, was born June
27th, 1793, ki Rutland, Massachusetts, but spent
his childhood with his parents on their farm at
Rush, New York. His education, which included
private instruction in surveying and architecture,
was completed at Canandaigua, New York. On
July I, 1 81 2, when nineteen years old, he entered
the American Army and served in Captain James

1 142

MERCHANTS.

McNair's company of Colonel Philetus Swift's regi-
ment of volunteers. He was stationed at Black
Rock, on the Niagara frontier, most of the time
during the summer and autumn of that year. On
the sixteenth of October, the sailors, under the com-
mand of Lieutenant Elliott, boarded and cut loose
the brig " Adams" and the schooner " Caledonia,"
then lying at anchor at Fort Erie, to send them
over Niagara Falls. The " Adams" grounded on
Squaw Island and was burned and the " Caledonia"
landed off Long Battery. In this affair John Far-
rar took a prominent part. While serving under
General Scott he participated in and was wounded
at the battle of Lundy's Lane and at the close of
the campaign was among the troops left to guard
the Niagara frontier and remained there through
the winter of 18 13. For these services he received
a pension and a grant of land.

On June 15, 181 5, at Canandaigua, New York,
he became a member of the Masonic body. In the
two following years, business called him to Canada,
where he gained many friends through his connec-
tion with that society. He received the degree of
Master Mason on November 6, 1820, at Ontario
Lodge, No. 23. He subsequently became a mem-
ber of Zion Lodge, No. i, at Detroit; filled all the
offices and was one of the founders of Detroit
Lodge, No. 2. The petition for the charter of this
last Lodge was signed by John Farrar, Levi Cook,
John Mullett, Marshall Chapin, Jeremiah Moors,
Charles Jackson, and three others. During the
anti-Masonic excitement their lodge meetings were
discontinued, but after a lull of fourteen years they
aided in re-establishing Masonry and administered
the Royal Arch degree from memory, each one
recalling a part of the ceremony. John Farrar was
High Priest of Monroe Chapter in 1825-26, a
Knight Templar and a member of Monroe Coun-
cil, R. A. S. M., and various other bodies of the
order and Senior Grand Warden of the Grand
Lodge of Michigan. At the time of his death he
was one of the oldest members in the United States,
and a year before was received with honors-at the
Grand Chapter.

He arrived at Detroit, May 22, 181 7, and be-
came a useful citizen and merchant. During ter-
ritorial times he was an intimate friend of Gen-
eral Cass and was chosen by him to represent the
territory in the erection of the Court House or Capi-
tol, which duties he performed from October i, 1826,
to July I, 1827. Prior to this he had given most of
his time to building and surveying and was fre-
quently called upon to pass judgment on structures
for the city, territory or State. He was alderman
at large in 1828, '31 and '36, assessor and collector
of the Second Ward in 1843-44; was collector in
1832, '38 and '48. He was one of the first projec-

tors of the Detroit Mechanics' Society and was
their bondsman for the construction of their first
building on Griswold Street. He was President
and Secretary of that society in 1836, and 1841 to
1853, and from 1854 to i860, and librarian for the
thirty years preceding his death. He favored edu-
cation ; was one of the committee who selected the
University grounds at Ann Arbor, and in 1834 was
one of the committee that established the first dis-
trict school in Detroit ; it was conducted by Charles
Wells in the old academy on Bates Street. He
was commissioned to the second lieutenancy in the
militia by acting Governor Stephen T. Mason, on
May 23, 1832, and was first lieutenant in Captain
Charles Jackson's Dragoons in the Black Hawk
War of 1832, under General John R. Williams, and
one of the escort that accompanied Colonel Edward
Brook, Major Charles W. Whipple and Major M.
Wilson, to Chicago, to assist in the protection of
that town from the Indians. The command es-
caped conflict but were voted thanks by the cor-
poration of Chicago for the prompt response to
their call for help. They remained some weeks
awaiting developments of the war, and during the
time made a reconnaissance of Napier settlement,
a point then threatened by the Indians. After the
capture of Black Hawk they returned. For his ser-
vices in this war, Mr. Farrar received a grant of
land.

After his return he purchased a building on the
corner of Bates and Atwater Streets, the last named
street then being the chief business thoroughfare,
and in 1836 opened a general store with dry goods,
hardware and groceries, doing what was then con-
sidered a thriving business. At the great fire of
April 27, 1837, the store and all its contents were
burned.

Mr. Farrar was brought up a rigid Puritan but
became a more liberal thinker and in 1831, wathtwo
others, purchased the First Presbyterian Church
and removed it to the corner of Bates Street and
Michigan Grand Avenue, with the expectation of
its being used as a Universalist Church, but the
project failed and the building was sold to and
occupied by the Trinity Catholic Church. He was
thoughtful of the needs of others, a liberal giver to
charities and a great entertainer, and many families
emigrating to Western homes found an asylum with
him. His homestead was at the corner of Bates
and Farrar Streets, which latter street perpetuates
his name.

He had a very retentive memory, possessed a
fund of information on matters connected with the
military and political history of the United States,
and took great delight in relating incidents con-
nected with his personal and ancestral history, to
relatives and intimate friends. He was naturally of

(\.'' ^^ ^'^ / •/,.

MERCHANTS.

IH3

a retiring disposition and although importuned to
become a candidate for prominent positions, he
steadfastly refused, yet he filled several municipal
offices with honor and trust and with a zeal that
was eminently characteristic. He was a Whig in
politics and when that party ceased, became a
Republican.

He married his first wife, Mrs. Hannah Mack, on
March 27, 1822. She died at Avon, New York,
November 6, 1824. They had one daughter, De-
lecta Ann, who married Rev. Jackson Stebbins, of
Iowa On May 29, 182$, he married Anna Mul-
lett, of Darien Centre, New York. She was born
at Halifax, Vermont, September 4, 1792, and died
at Detroit, July 18, 1872. She was a sister of the late
James Mullett of Fredonia, and Buffalo, New York,
and of John Mullett, one of the pioneers of Detroit,
from whom the Mullett farm and street take their
names. Their parents, Robert and Elizabeth Gib-
bons Mullett were from Milton Abbas, England,
and descendants of William Malet de Graville,
whose name appears on the roll of Battle Abbey.

John Farrar died at Detroit, January 14, 1874,
aged 80 years. He was buried in Elmw^ood Ceme-
tery with Masonic honors. The children of John
and Anna Farrar were Francis Mullett Farrar and
Chileon Cushman Mullett Farrar, of Buffalo, New
York ; Huldah Mullett Farrar, wife of Jerome B.
Starring, of Detroit ; Harriet Mullett Farrar, of De-
troit, and John Perry Farrar, of Chicago, 111.

BENJAMIN F. FARRINGTON, for several
years one of the leading wholesale grocers of
Detroit, was born near Albany, New York, June
30, 1834, and w^as the son of Robert and Clarissa
Farrington. When he was five years old he accom-
panied his parents to St. Clair, Michigan, where,
after completing a brief course of instruction in the
public schools, he became a clerk in a dry goods
store. He remained at St. Clair until 1855, when
be secured employment as clerk in the general
merchandise store of J. L. Wood & Co., at Lexing-
ton, Michigan, and his services were so highly
appreciated that in 1862 he was offered and accepted
an interest in the business.

Three years later, as he desired to enter a wider
field, he severed his connection with the above firm,
and came to Detroit. For three years, from 1865
to 1 868, he served as traveling salesman for Under-
wood, Cochrane & Co., boot and shoe dealers. In
1868, with A. D. Pierce and Hugh McMillan as
partners, under the firm name of Pierce, Farrington
& McMillan, he embarked in the dry goods business,
fhey occupied for a short time a store on the east
side of Woodward avenue, just below Jefferson
avenue, but subsequently removed to ^'j and 79
Jefferson avenue. Here, in 1870, their store was

destroyed by fire, after which the affairs of the firm
were amicably settled, but business was not resumed.
During the same year Mr. Farrington, with J. T.
Campbell as partner, established a coffee and spice
store on Woodward avenue, just south of the Finney
House, under the firm name of Farrington, Camp-
bell & Co. They soon removed to a store under the
Michigan Exchange, and from there, in 1878, to
Nos. 73 and 75 Jefferson avenue. In 1880 Mr.
Campbell retired, and the firm name was changed
to B. F. Farrington & Co., and in 1883 the business
was removed to the large and commodious business
stores at Nos. 54 and 56 Jefferson avenue, which had
been erected by Mr. Farrington.

He was one of the organizers of the Merchants'
and Manufacturers' Exchange, a man of great busi-
ness ability, and of indefatigable energy. In a few
years he succeeded in building up a large and
profitable business, and it is doubtful if any com-
mercial house in this section of the country made
more rapid and substantial progress in the same
period of time. The personal labor he expended in
accomplishing this was done at the expense of
health. His overtaxed physical force produced an
affection of the brain, which resulted in his sudden
death on November 2, 1886. He was an exemplary
citizen, an honorable, straightforward business
man, and of irreproachable moral character. His
disposition was kind and genial, and his sunny
temperament made him socially an agreeable com-
panion, and he possessed many warm friends.

Mr. Farrington was married September 23, 1862,
to Emma Fletcher, of Mount Clemens, Michigan,
who still survives him. Their one child, a son, died
in infancy.

DEXTER MASON FERRY was born at
Lowville, Lewis County, New York, in 1833, and is
a son of Joseph N. and Lucy (Mason) Ferry. The
name marks the family as originally French, yet its
first appearance in America was in 1678, when
Charles Ferry came from England and settled in
Springfield, Massachusetts. Dexter Mason, mater-
nal grandfather of D. M. Ferry, represented for
several terms the ultra-conservative district of Berk-
shire, in the Massachusetts Legislature, and w^as a
cousin of the late Governor George N. Briggs, of
that State. The paternal grandparent of D. M.
removed from Massachusetts to Low^ville,New York,
where his father, Joseph N. Ferry, was born, reared
and lived until his death in 1836. Shortly after his
death the family removed to Penfield, eight miles
from Rochester, in the county of Monroe, New
York.

D. M. Ferry passed his boyhood at Penfield,
and at the age of sixteen began life on his own
account by working for a neighboring farmer at the

1 144

MERCHANTS.

moderate wages of ten dollars a month, spending
two summers in this way, attending the district
school during the winters. In 1851 he entered the
employ of Ezra M. Parsons, who resided near Roch-
ester, his object being to secure the benefits of
the more advanced schools of that city. The fol-
lowing year, through the influence of his employer,
he obtained a position in the wholesale and retail
book and stationery house of S. D. Elwood & Co.,
of Detroit, where he was first errand boy, then
salesman, and at last bookkeeper.

In 1856 he was one of the organizers and junior
partners of the firm of M. T. Gardner & Co.. seeds-
men. The partnership so formed continued until
1865, when Mr. Gardner's interest was purchased,
and Mr. Ferry became the head of the firm.
Eventually the firm of D. M. Ferry & Co. was
formed, composed of D. M. Ferry, H. K. White,
C. C. Bowen, and A. E. F. White. Mr. Ferry,
however, is the only person who has been continu-
ously connected with the business from its begin-
ning in 1856. In 1879 the organization absorbed
the Detroit Seed Company, and the business was
incorporated, retaining the name of D. M. Ferry &
Co., with a capital of $750,000. Mr. Ferry retained
the largest amount of the stock, and became the
president and manager.

To build up this, the largest and most successful
seed establishment in the world, has required im-
mense labor and skillful business methods and
mercantile generalship of the highest order. The
business was begun on a very small scale in a Monroe
Avenue store ; its entire sales for the first year were
about six thousand dollars, and its market was
confined to a very limited territory. To-day the
sales extend to almost every township in the United
States and Canada, and even reach many foreign
countries, and have amounted to over a million and
a half dollars in one year. The importations from
English, Dutch, French, German and other Euro-
pean concerns, are the largest of any house in this
line of trade in the country. The corporation sup-
plies over eighty thousand merchants with a complete
assortment of seeds for retailing, and also ships large
amounts to dealers and jobbers in bulk, the ship-
ments averaging more than three car loads of seeds
every day in the year. The concern grows enormous
quantities of seeds, but the great proportion of the
stock is raised and cared for under contract by seed
farmers in many parts of the United States and in
various sections of Canada and Europe.

On the first day of January, 1886, their four-
story brick warehouse, containing about five acres
of floor space, was destroyed by fire. The build-
ing occupied the easterly half of the large block
bounded by Brush, Croghan, Lafayette and Ran-
dolph Streets, and every building save one was

destroyed. The loss by this fire was the most
severe ever suffered in Detroit, and of this the
Ferry Company's share reached the sum of nearly
a million of dollars. The recuperation from this
stunning blow was amazing, and is to be credited
to the presence of mind and unlimited resources of
Mr. Ferry and his corps of able assistants. From
every source of supply, seeds were gathered and
hurried to Detroit. Several large buildings were
leased, and the various departments of the company
were organized, and within a few days, work was
going on with almost its normal efficiency, an
accomplishment which best illustrates the business
energy which has ever characterized Mr. Ferry's
career. Not one of their great army of customers
knew by any delay, failure or defect of quality, that
on the first day of the year the whole working ma-
chinery of the company was swept out of existence.
A new six-story warehouse, larger and more com-
plete than the old, was erected in 1887, on the site
of the one destroyed, and is elsewhere shown.

The building up of this great industry, which is
far-reaching in its influence, and contributes not
only to the prosperity of Detroit and to an army of
employes, is doubtless a more beneficent factor in
commercial affairs throughout the country than
almost any other establishment in the West. In
its management from the beginning, Mr. Ferry has
had a decisive influence, and that its great success
is largely attributable to his persistent energy, saga-
city, integrity and rare talent for organization and
administration, is freely and readily acknowledged
by those most conversant with its beginning
growth and development Through this extensive
commercial establishment his name and work
have been made more widely known than those of
almost any other merchant in the United States.
His efforts have been justly rewarded in the accumu-
lation of a large fortune, nearly all of which is
invested in various financial and manufacturing
enterprises in Detroit. His most prominent real
estate investment is the magnificent five-story iron
building on Woodward Avenue,' erected in 1879,
and occupied by Newcomb, Endicott & Co. He is
the largest stockholder in the National Pin Company,
established in 1875, ^^^ has been its president from
the first. He is a director and vice-president of
the First National Bank ; was one of the organizers,
and from the beginning has been a trustee of the
Wayne County Savings Bank, and of the Safe
Deposit Company. He aided in organizing the
Standard Life and Accident Insurance Company of
Detroit, of which he is president. He is also presi-
dent of the Gale Sulky Harrow Manufacturing
Company; vice-president of the Michigan Fire
and Marine Insurance Company, and director of
the Detroit Copper Rolling Mill Company, the Fort

MERCHANTS.

IH5

Wayne & Elmwood Railroad Company, and of
several other corporations.

His own taste, as well as the engrossing demands
of a great business, have prevented Mr. Ferry from
entering the field of active politics. He is a strong
and steadfast Republican, but has rarely been a
candidate for an elective office, and has held public
place only when it came without solicitation on his
part. He was made a member of the Board of
Estimates in 1877-8, and at the end of his term
declined a renomination. In 1884 he was appointed
a member of the Board of Park Commissioners by
Mayor Stephen B. Grummond. During his term
he strongly opposed the sale of beer and other
intoxicants on Belle Isle Park, and with William A.
Moore, another member of the Board, defeated such
a prostitution of this public recreation ground, and
his course met the approval of the best public
opinion of the city. His term of office expired in
1885, and he was again nominated by Mayor Grum-
mond. His conscientious and praiseworthy action in
regard to the intrusion of beer in Belle Isle Park,
which had earned him the gratitude of the respect-
able element of the community, had, however,
excited the enmity of the small poHticians who sat
in the Council, and his nomination by the Mayor was
defeated. This action was denounced, not only by
the public press regardless of party, but by a large
' mass meeting held in April, 1886, which adopted a
resolution thanking Messrs. Ferry and Moore for
their stand in the interest of the public good.

With commendable public spirit he gives his
influence freely to every project, business, social or
charitable, that promises to be of public benefit, and
his private charities are large, discriminating, and
entirely lacking in ostentation. In 1868 he became
connected with the management of Harper Hospital,
and in 1888 was elected Vice-President of Grace
Hospital, and is also a trustee of Olivet College.
He has taken much interest in the art movement in
Detroit, and w^as one of the original contributor to
the building fund, by which has been insured to the
t'ity a permanent museum of art.

He was reared in the Baptist faith, and when
quite young united with that church. In later
years he became connected with the Congregational
denomination, and is now a trustee of the Second
Church of Detroit. He is broad and liberal in
religious views, and strongly opposed to extreme
sectarianism.

No person in Detroit is more important as a fac-
tor in its commercial prosperity, and Mr. Ferry's
success has been so justly earned, and so well does
he use it, that none begrudge him his good fortune,
and all rejoice that Detroit possesses such a citizen.
He is natural and unaffected in manner, and one to
whom false pride is unknown. Always affable and

pleasant, he is kind and considerate to those in his
employ, and easily wins their confidence and respect ;
is equally popular with the public at large, and
possesses a host of close friends. He is an indus-
trious student, and even while deep in the cares of
business, finds time to keep up with the current
thoughts of the day. His life, public and private,
viewed from all sides, furnishes us with one of the
best types of mercantile life to be found in any
country.

He was married October i, 1867, to Addie E.
Miller, of Unadilla. Otsego County, New York.
They have four children living, three daughters and

AARON CODDINGTON FISHER, the fourth
son in the family of twelve children of Jeremiah and
Hannah (Coddmgton) Fisher, was born in Somer-
set County, New Jersey, September 22, 1820. His
father w^as a descendant of Hendrick Fisher, of
Bound Brook, New Jersey, who was born in 1703,
the year that Hendrick Fisher, Sr., arrived at that
place.

The elder Hendrick Fisher died on October 17,
1749. From an old number of the Messenger of
Somerville, New Jersey, we gather the following
particulars concerning the son: Hendrick Fisher
was a man of earnest piety, and much respected.
He was one of the founders of Queen's, now Rut-
ger's College, and was a noted man in the province
for many years. He possessed great intelligence
and energy, and was always on the patriotic side in
every controversy, and of an irreproachable charac-
ter. He earnestly supported his pastor— the Rev.
Theodore J. Frelinghuysen--in his efforts to intro-
duce a strict evangelical life in his church, and per-
haps no person had more influence than he had in
securing the results that were reached. When the
oppressive acts of the King and Parliament aroused
the Colonies to resistance, he, in company with Jo-
seph Borden and Robert Ogden, represented the
province of New Jersey in the Congress known as
the " Stamp Act Congress." He was a delegate to
the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, which met
at Trenton in May, 1775, of which important body
he was elected President, and in his opening ad-
dress set forth in a forcible manner the grievances
of the American Colonies. He was Chairman of
the Committee of Safety, exercising legislative au-
thority during the recess of Congress, and held other
offices of honor and trust. He was a member of
the Assembly previous to the breaking out of the
Revolution, and in the Provincial Congress at Tren-
ton, in December, 1775, moved that the delegates
to the General Congress be instructed to use their
influence in favor of a Declaration of Independence,
and when the immortal document was received, he

1 146

MERCHANTS.

was the first to read it to his neighbors and con-
stituents. When he had finished, so great was
their joy, that they mounted him on their shoulders
and paraded him through the street (there was but
one — the great Raritan Road) in triumph. The
old bell of " Kets " Hall, which then hung in the
belfry of the Presbyterian Church, was rung, cannon
were fired, and the patriots drank toasts at the bar
in the tavern of Peter Hardending. He died on the
tenth of May, 1779, leaving two sons, Jeremiah and
Hendrick. The former was probably the great-
grandfather of A. C. Fisher. The mother of the last
named was born in New Jersey in 1792, and his par-
ents were married in 181 1.

About the year 1825 the family moved from New
Jersey to Genesee County, New York, and lived
there about twelve years. In 1837 they moved to
Monroe County, Michigan, where they remained
three years, and then moved to Mount Vernon,
Ohio, remaining there seven years, and then in 1847
coming to Detroit. Here, in 1853, the elder Mr.
Fisher died, and on April 16, 1883, the wife and
mother also passed away.

In his youth Aaron C. Fisher attended school in
the winter, and in the summer worked on the farm.
As he grew to manhood he not only provided for
himself, but assisted his parents also. Wages at
this time were so low that, at the age of seventeen,
he worked a whole month for a barrel of flour. At
this period he was already learning the rudiments
of his subsequent occupation as a builder, and was
employed in a brickyard at sixteen dollars per
month and his board. When he had reached his
eighteenth year he began to feel anxious to settle
down in some permanent occupation and in the
Spring of 1839, seeing no other opening, he com-
menced to learn the business of an iron molder
and served an apprenticeship at the business, fol-
lowing the same nearly seven years, but disliking
this occupation he began to look around for one
that suited him better. His elder brother being a
bricklayer and builder in Mount Vernon, Ohio,
where he was then living, he at intervals turned his
attention to the art of bricklaying and became a
thorough and practical workman.

In 1847 he came with his father's family to De-
troit, and during the first year after his arrival here
he worked about six weeks at molding in O. M.
Hydes' foundry near the old Water Works. He
then turned his attention to building, and in the
year 1848 entered into partnership with his brother
Elam, who was also an expert bricklayer, and the
firm soon became prominent builders and con-
tractors. The partnership continued under the
name of E. & A. C. Fisher for about seventeen
years, and was dissolved in 1865. During the con-
tinuance of the partnership the firm erected many

prominent structures, and scores of buildings of
their erection are still standing ; among them may
be named the building on the northwest corner of
Jefferson Avenue and Griswold Street, occupied by
A. Ives & Son, bankers, also the block opposite on
the northeast corner, erected for the late John S.
Bagg ; they also built the " Rotunda,*' formerly
standing on the site of the present Newberry &
McMillan Building ; also the north half of the Mer-
rill Block, formerly known as the Waterman Block,
on the corner of Woodward Avenue and Larned
Street. Later on they built the north half of the
entire block on the east side of Woodward Avenue,
between Congress and Larned Streets, also the
block on the corner of Monroe Avenue and Farmer
Street, running down to the Kirkwood House.
They also erected the residence of the late Zachariah
Chandler, the Fort Street Congregational Church,
the First Presbyterian Church, on the corner of
Farmer and State Streets, and the Fisher Block,
facing the Campus Martins.

After the dissolution of the partnership in 1865,
A. C. Fisher carried on the business on his own
account until the Spring of 1867, and then, with
David Baker, he embarked in the carriage hard-
ware trade, under the firm name of Fisher, Baker &
Co. The firm continued until March i, 1882, when
Mr. Fisher sold out his interest to Baker, Gray &
Co., and since that date he has given his entire
time to the care of his own large landed interests
and to the administration of the large estate left in
his care by his deceased brother Elam. Mr. Fisher
is modest, quiet, and retiring in disposition, prompt
in his business engagements, faithful in the dis-
charge of whatever trusts are confided to him, and
is in every way a worthy and estimable citizen.

He has been a member of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church since he was eighteen years old, and for
the last thirty-five years has been an official and
leading member of the church in Detroit, and at
present is President of the Board of Trustees of the
Central Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a lib-
eral giver, conscientious in his duties, and a wise
counsellor. Until five years ago he voted with the
Republican party. He then united with the Pro-
hibition party, and upon this issue ran for State
Treasurer in 1886, and gives, and lives, and labors
in the hope of the final triumph of Prohibition.

He was married March 21, 1844, to Eliza L.
Willis. They have had three children, Adelaide,
Mrs. Lottie F. Smalley and Mrs. Charles B. Gray.
The last named is the only one now living.

RICHARD HENRY FYFE traces his ancestry
to Scotland. His grandfather, John Fyfe, the first
of the family who adopted the present mode of
spelling the name, was a son of John Fiffe, of the

MERCHANTS.

1147

county of Fife, in Scotland. He emigrated to
America about a year before the commencement of
the Revolutionary War, and served in the colonial
forces while the seat of war was near Boston, Massa-
chusetts. On February i, 1786, he married Elizabeth
Strong, and shortly after moved to Otter Creek,
Salisbury, Vermont. His wife represented one of
the most distinguished of the early New England
families, and several of his descendants have been
eminent in literature and science. John Strong, the
progenitor of the American branch of this family,
came from England, settled in Massachusetts in
1730, and assisted in founding the town of Dor-
chester.

A history of the descendants, written by Benjamin
W. Dwight, forms a large volume, embracing
nearly 30,000 names. It says : " The Strong family
has been one of the largest and best of the original
families of New England. They have 'ever been
among the foremost in the land to found and favor
those great bulwarks of our civilization, the church
and the school. Many have been the towns, the
territories and the states into whose initial forms
and processes of establishment they have poured
the full current of their Hfe and strength. Few
families have had more educated or professional
men among them. The list includes scholars,
physicians, lawyers, teachers, preachers, judges, sen-
ators, and military officers." John Fyfe died on
January i, 1813, and his wife, in November, 1835.
They had seven children, four sons and three
daughters. The youngest, Claudius Lycius Fyfe,
was born January 3, 1798. On April 6, 1825, he
married at Brandon, Vermont, Abigail Gilbert,
whose parents were among the first settlers of
Genesee County, New York. His early life was
spent in agricultural pursuits, but his latter years in
the leather and tanning business. He removed
with his family to Knowlesville, New York, in 1830,
three years later he moved to Chautauqua County,
New York, and then back to Knowlesville. In 1837
he emigrated to Michigan. Soon afterwards he re-
turned to New York, but eventually settled at
Hillsdale, Michigan, where his last years were
passed. His wife died in 1848, and he in 1881.
They had six children, all girls except the youngest,
Richard Henry, who was born at Oak Orchard
Creek, Orleans County, New York, January 5, 1839.

After his parents returned to Michigan, Richard
H. Fyfe attended school at Litchfield, but at the age
of eleven, through unfortunate business specula-
tions of his father, he was obliged to begin life's
battle for himself, and became a clerk in a drug
store at Kalamazoo, and subsequenily at Hillsdale.
During his period of clerkship at the above places
he spent much of his leisure time in study, and
although his business has demanded close attention,

he has always taken time for reading and study,
and is more than usually well informed in current
and general literature.

In 1857 he came to Detroit from Hillsdale and
entered the employ of T. K. Adams, boot and shoe
dealer. He remained with Mr. Adams about six
years, after which he served in a similar position
with the firm of Rucker & Morgan, who were in
the same line of trade. In 1865, with the savings
which his industry and economy had accumulated,
he purchased the business of C. C. Tyler & Co.,
who had succeeded T. K. Adams. The establish-
ment was located on the site of store No. loi
Woodward Avenue, still occupied by Mr. Fyfe.
With limited capital, he was environed by difficulties,
but through native pluck and careful business man-
agement from year to year his business steadily in-
creased, until he is at the head of his line of trade in
Detroit.

Commencing with a small retail and custom
trade, the latter branch of his business has grown
to such proportion that at the present time he
probably manufactures more of the finest grade of
custom boots and shoes than any other concern in
the United States. On the site where he began
business, a five-story building, 22x100 feet in dimen-
sions, was erected in 1875. In 1881 he bought out
the boot and shoe establishment of A. R. Morgan,
successor to Rucker & Morgan, located at 106
Woodward Avenue, and from that date until 1885
conducted a branch establishment at that location.
At the latter date he opened a branch store at 183
and 185 Woodward Avenue, and at these two
establishments about one hundred persons are
employed. Since 1873 Mark B. Stevens has been a
partner in the business, under the firm name of
R. H. Fyfe & Co. Mr. Fyfe's success in business,
although rapid, has been healthy and natural. He
has been both progressive and practical, giving his
whole time and attention to building up, enlarging
the scope and improving the character of his work.

He was married October 27, 1868, to Abby
Lucretia Albee Rice, daughter of Abraham W.
Rice. She was born in Marlboro, Massachusetts.
A member of no religious denomination, Mr. Fyfe
is in hearty sympathy with all church work. For
the last twelve years he has been a Trustee of the
Westminster' Church, and has been largely instru-
mental in promoting the financial welfare of that
organization. He served for a number of years as
a Trustee of the Michigan Medical College, in the
success of w^hich he took great interest, and did
much towards strengthening that institution by
aiding in introducing practical business methods into
its management. He was instrumental in effecting
its consolidation with the Detroit Medical College,
which resulted in the establishment of the prosper-

1 148

MERCHANTS.

ous and successful Michigan College of Medicine,
of which he is also a Trustee.

Politically Mr. Fyfe has generally acted with the
Republican party, but aside from representing his
party in State and other nominating conventions, he
has had little to do with party management. Socially,
he is a pleasant and affable gentleman, and a
prominent member of the Detroit, Lake St. Clair
Fishing, and the Grosse Pointe Clubs, but is best
known as a successful, self-made business man, and
one who extends willing and ready aid to all projects
that pertain to the advancement of the city.

RUFUS W. GILLETT was born at Torring-
ford, Litchfield County, Connecticut, April 22, 1825.
On the paternal side his ancestors were French
Huguenots, while his mother represented one of
the early Puritan families. John Gillett, the first of
the name in America, came from England, and
settled in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1634, and
was the founder of a family which has given to New
England and other parts of the country a large num-
ber of enterprising business men, and a number of
prominent and influential members of the clerical
p.nd medical profession. Mr. Gillett's grandfather,
John Gillett, was a minute man at the battle of
Bennington, and served as Lieutenant of a company
until the close of the War of the Revolution.

John Gillett. the father of Rufus W. Gillett, was
born in Torringford in 1776, and died there in
1857. He was a farmer, but engaged in numerous
other business enterprises, possessed rare good
judgment, and was a prominent factor in the poli-
tical history of his native town and county. He
was a man of sterling integrity, his judgment was
consulted in all local public affairs, and he held
the most important town offices, and for twenty
years represented the county in the State Legislature.
For many years he was the home agent for a land
company in Ohio. His wife's maiden name was
Mary Woodward. She was a daughter of Dr.
Samuel Woodward, for many years a leading phy-
sician of Torringford, whose ancestors settled in
Massachusetts in 1632. Four of his sons were
physicians, and all of them became well known in
New England as possessing a high degree of pro-
fessional ability. The family was also related to
Judge A. B. Woodward, at one time Chief Justice
of the Territory of Michigan.

The boyhood days of Rufus W. Gillett were
passed upon a farm. He was educated at the com-
mon school and public academy of his native town,
and at the age of seventeen years, became a clerk in
a country store at Litchfield, Connecticut, where he
remained two years. The next five years were
spent as a merchant and farmer in his native town,
and for the three years following he served as

agent of New York and Connecticut cutlery manu-
facturing companies. In 1856 he was appointed
Secretary and Treasurer of the Woolcotville Brass
Company, retaining the position until January,
1862, when he came to Detroit. Here he embarked
in the grain commission business, as a partner of
A. E. Bissell, under the firm name of Bissell & Gil-
lett. This partnership was continued for six years,
after which Mr. Gillett, with Theodore P. Hall as
partner, founded the well known grain commission
house of Gillett & Hall. The business interests of
this firm have grown in volume from year to year,
until at the present time the extent of their opera-
tions excel those of any firm in the same line in the
State. Besides their regular commission business,
they buy large quantities of corn and oats in
Missouri, Kansas, and other Western States, for
eastern sale and for export.

Mr. Gillett has been prominent in the manage-
ment of the affairs of the Chamber of Commerce,
and has served as President for several successive
years. He has been President of the Preston Na-
tional Bank since its organization. He is Vice-
President of the Detroit Copper and Brass Rolling
Mill Company. He is also Vice-President of the
Gale Harrow Manufacturing Company, a Director
in the Standard Insurance Company, and is con-
nected with several other business interests in
Detroit. He was one of the corporators and is
President of the Woodmere Cemetery Association.
Politically he has always been a Democrat, but
although interested in the maintenance of good
government, has preferred to discharge his political
duties as a private citizen. R epeatedly offered party
nominations in the municipal government, he has
always refused to become a candidate. He has,
however, served on the Board of Estimates, and, in
1880, was appointed one of the Board of Fire Com-
missioners, which position he still occupies.

During his quarter of a century's residence in
Detroit, he has been eminently successful in busi-
ness, and has the full confidence of the business
public. His evenness of temper and natural
affability attracts friends, making him socially popu-
lar and his company desirable. In business matters,
that person is fortunate indeed who can command
his esteem and co-operation. He comes from a
long lived ancestry, from whom he inherited a robust
constitution, and he continues so hearty and vigor-
ous that he has seemingly many years of active life
before him.

Mr. Gillett was married May 26, 1847, to Chariotte
M. Smith, a daughter of Nathaniel Smith, a mer-
chant of Torringford, who was postmaster for over
forty years. He held many other responsible posi-
tions, and was a prominent citizen of that part of
the State for many years. Mr. Gillett has had three

fy^

MERCHANTS.

1149

children. The eldest, Mary Woodward, married
Henry K.Lathrop, Jr., of Detroit ; the second, Charles
Smith, died at Detroit, October 18, 1876, at the age of
twenty-six years. The youngest daughter, Hattie
Winchell, married William R. Ellis, of Detroit.

HENRY GLOVER was born April 30, 181 2, in
De Ruyter, Madison County, New York, a State to
which Michigan is indebted for a large portion of
its staunch and sturdy citizens. His mother died
when he was but two years of age ; his father was
a mechanic in moderate circumstances but gave his
sons a good common-school education. His best
gift, however, was a robust and sound constitution,
and the invaluable principle of early self-reliance,
with habits of industry and strict integrity, which
were instilled by example, as well as by precept.

At twelve years of age, Henry Glover was
apprenticed to the tailors' trade, and by the time he
was twenty-two, by close application and economy
he had saved $700 — no small amount for a young
man to have earned and saved in those days when
wages were so light. Feeling the necessity of a
better education than he possessed, which feeling
he attributes to the early adoption of the Christian
faith, and which has permanently influenced his life,
Mr. Glover determined te add to -his prospects of
usefulness and success by securing such intellectual
discipline as was within his reach. He therefore
entered the academy at Homer, New York, and spent
several years in diligent study, paying his way with
the money he had saved. After his academic course
he went to Syracuse, and engaged in the dry-goods
business, but did not meet with much success,
owing to his lack of capital and his limited mercan-
tile experience. Believing that he possessed the
elements of success, he determined to seek new
fields where the outlook was more encouraging, and
consequently embarked at Buffalo for the West,
on the steamer De Witt Clinton.

After a trip of three days' stormy weather, Mr.
Glover landed in Detroit, on October 15, 1836.
The town then numbered but six thousand in-
habitants. He put up at the American Hotel, kept
by Petty & Hawley, located on the present site of
the Biddle House, and at once commenced business
as a merchant tailor, determined from the start to
keep the best goods only and to do the best work.
He often saw dark days, but little by little he added
to his small savings and laid the foundation of a
comfortable fortune. He had no inclination for
political honors, the only office he ever held being
that of School Inspector. In 1843 he became a
member of the firm of Smith, Glover & Dwight,
the firm doing a large business in handling general
merchandise and lumber. After about two years
Mr. Glover withdrew from the firm and resumed

his former business. In religious belief he has ever
been a staunch Baptist, having united with that
denomination in Ithaca, New York, in 1831. He
has been steadfastly loyal to the truth as held by
that denomination, but gladly fraternizes with all
Christian believers. He possesses strong convic-
tions of truth, and conscientiously adheres to what
he believes to be right, whether popular or not.
During all the years of his residence in Detroit he
has been looked to and relied on for contributions
to denominational and other charities, both in the
city and in the State.

Having confidence in the future of the city,
he invested in real estate, and was soon able to
retire from mercantile life. He was among the
first, if not the first, to see the possibilities of Jeffer-
son Avenue as a wholesale and jobbing street, and
in 1865, when the greater portion of the avenue was
lined with mediocre stores and shanties, he bought
of Daniel Scotten a lot corner of Jefferson Avenue
and Wayne Streets, then covered with rookeries of
the worst possible character. These were cleared
away and a substantial brick block erected. It was
first occupied by John James & Son, hardware
dealers, who were probably the first jobbing firm in
that neighborhood, if not on the avenue. Mr.
Glover also built a four story building on the oppo-
site side of the avenue, and a large brick dwelling
on the corner of Fort and Sixth Streets, and a sub-
stantial dwelling-house on Edmund Place, where
he resides.

During the fifty-one years that he has been iden-
tified with Detroit, he has seen it grow from little
more than a village to the most beautiful metropo-
lis of its size in the country, and to-day may take a
pardonable pride in reflecting that he has been, to
some considerable extent, influential in its growth
and prosperity, and it can be conscientiously said of
him -that what he has done, he has tried to do
well.

He was married, in 1839, to Miss Laura Dwight,
an estimable lady, who nobly discharged the duties
of wife and mother, and who actively engaged in
all works of charity. They began housekeeping
at the corner of Lafayette Avenue and Griswold
Street, where the McGraw building now stands,
directly in front of which was the Michigan Central
Depot. He has had seven children, two of whom
died in infancy, and two others, Frank D. and Arthur
Y. Glover, in early manhood, when full of promise for
the future. Three children are still living. Two
of them, James H. and George D. Glover, being
engaged in drug manufacture. The daughter,
Clara, is the wife of John M. Nicol, cashier of the
American Banking and Savings Association. All
of the children are residents of Detroit. He was
married the second time, in 1885, to Miss Imogene

II50

MERCHANTS.

S. Dimmock, of Maine, a cultured and Christian
woman.

JEREMIAH GODFREY, who was one of the
oldest and most respected citizens of Detroit, was
born in Thompson, Sullivan County, New York,
February i6, 1814, and was the seventh son of a
family of thirteen children, all of whom lived to
mature age. His ancestors were English, and came
to America prior to the Revolution.

Mr. Godfrey came to Detroit in 1835, and en-
gaged in the painting business, forming a partner-
ship, in 1838, with John Atkinson, under the firm
name of Atkinson & Godfrey. They were located
at the corner of Earned Street and Jefferson Ave-
nue until the year 1850.

At an early day Mr. Godfrey connected himself
with the volunteer Fire Department, and performed
active service until the present system was organ-
ized. In 1843, nearly ten years before his retire-
ment from active business, he was selected as
Assessor for the Sixth Ward. In 1853, the year
after he retired from business, he served as Collec-
tor for the Fifth Ward. The satisfactory way in
which he performed the duties of these offices, his
excellent judgment in the valuation of real estate,
and his superior business ability, caused him, in
1 86 1, to be selected as one of the members of the
first Board of Review, under a new system of
assessing property. He held this position until
1863, when, on the invitation of the late Francis
Eldred, then City Assessor, he entered that office,
and remained during that gentleman's administra-
tion, a period of three years, and continued in a simi-
lar relation with Mr. A. A. Rabineau for the five years
following. Upon the resignation of Mr. Rabineau,
Mr. Godfrey was unanimously chosen by the coun-
cil to fill the unexpired term, and was afterwards
appointed by the Mayor as the head of the depart-
ment, remaining three years longer, thus making
in all some twenty years* continuous service in that
office. In the administration of public affairs Mr.
Godfrey applied the same rules of economy that he
practiced in his private business. His broad and
correct judgment, his unswerving integrity, and his
excellent business habits, rendered his services in
municipal affairs of great value, and the City of
Detroit never possessed a public servant who
labored more conscientiously than did Mr. Godfrey
for nearly a quarter of a century. He seemed to have
a genius in real estate matters, and his judgment in
that line of business was regarded as infallible.
While looking over his paper one morning in January,
1 85 1, he noticed that the property on the southwest
corner of Woodward and Grand River Avenues
was advertised for sale. He immediately started
out, and, within an hour, purchased the property.

and soon after began the erection of the block which
bears his name,

Mr. Godfrey was a staunch Democrat and al-
ways acted with that party, with the single excep-
tion of the campaign of i860, but held in supreme
contempt all arts of the politician which looked
toward personal advancement. He always mani-
fested a keen interest in everything that affected
the public welfare ; his purse was always open to
calls for charity, and he contributed to many public
enterprises. He was married December 29, 1836,
to Mrs. Sophronie Fletcher, of Detroit. He died
March 9, 1882. His wife, one daughter, Mrs. Jesse
H. Farwell, and one son, Marshall H. Godfrey, sur-
vive him.

BRUCE GOODFELLOW, the present head of
the widely known house of Mabley & Company, has
contributed largely, by his energy and enterprise, to
the successful progress of mercantile interests in his
adopted home. He was born October 6, 1850, in
Smith's Falls, Ontario. His paternal grandfather
( William), the pioneer of the family in America,
was born in Scotland, in 1783, came to this coun-
try in 1822, made a settlement at Smith's Falls,
Canada, and died in 1855. His son, Archibald, was
born in Hawick, Scotland, in 181 1, and lived in
Canada from 1822 to his death in 1877, and was for
many years a well known government contractor, in
charge, mainly, of canals. He was married, in 1836,
to Martha Kramer. She was a native American,
but of German ancestry. Her father, Laurence
Kramer, was born in Germany, in 1745, ^'^s an officer
in the German army, and later in the British army.
He saw General Wolfe fall at Quebec, and served
under General Burgoyne during the American
Revolution. He died in 1839. She has resided
upon the old homestead at Smith's Falls fifty- three
years.

Bruce Goodfellow, the son of Archibald, even in
his youth, had a stirring, restless, and ambitious
spirit. He chafed under the restraints of school
discipline, and at the age of fourteen left home
rather than remain under the control of the peda-
gogue who taught the Smith's Falls Grammar
School. Having somehow conceived a desire for
work connected with machinery, he induced the
proprietor of a woolen mill to give him employment,
and his experience of woolen fabrics dates from
that time. His father, however, soon appeared upon
the scene, intending to compel his return home.
Bruce begged to be allowed to stay and earn his
own living, and the mill proprietor joined in the
appeal, promising that if the boy was left with him
he would make a man of him. His father finally
coilsented, and Bruce entered fully upon an inde-
pendent career, and from that day depended for a

/

•■ / )

I ' / / I ( /r K ■/ /'/V fV ^^

MERCHANTS.

II5I

livelihood solely upon himself, and refers with par-
donable pride to the fact that, since he reached his
fourteenth year, he has not owned a dollar that he
did not earn himself. For eighteen months he
divided his time at the mill between carding and
bookkeeping, and then, tiring of the business, he
determined to seek his fortune elsewhere. His father
desired and offered to give him a classical education,
but Bruce preferred to enter active life at once, and
journeyed by canal to Kingston, where his courage
was sorely tested, for he tramped the streets of
Kingston two days vainly searching for work, and
finally, almost disheartened, he set out for Toronto
in search of what he had failed to find in Kings-
ton. This time he was successful, but the position
was neither lucrative nor pleasant, it being that
01 a bundle boy in a store, at three dollars a week,
and as it cost him four dollars a week for board,
it was apparent that at that rate his fortune would
be long on the way. Faithful service, however,
soon brought increased compensation and valu-
able experience, and when his employers failed he
immediately obtained a place as salesman with a
haberdasher, and subsequently served as salesman
in the same line of business in Toronto, Coburg,
and Peterboro, and having risen to the dignity of
a salary one thousand dollars a year, he began to look
toward the States as a field big with promise of
larger reward, and decided to go to Chicago. While
on the way thither, he turned aside at Detroit, to
look up a brother then living here, and was so
pleased with the city that he decided to remain here
permanently. His brother being the only person in
Detroit known to him, the finding of employment
was a difficult as well as a discouraging task, but
he was bound to have work, and for want of some-
thing better, became a peripatetic vender on the
streets of a patent ink eraser, and was afterwards
the first salesman in Detroit of the patent folding
dinner basket, now in common use. Although
fairly successful in these ventures, the business did
not suit him, and he was glad of a chance to work as
clerk, at eight dollars a week, for George Gassman,
a Jefferson Avenue tailor, and it is an interesting
fact that, a few years later, Mr. Gassman was in his
employ.

In September, 1870, while Mr. Goodfellow was
at C. R. Mabley's store on a business errand, Mr.
Mabley noticed him and said : " Young man, where
are you from, and where have you worked ?" " I'm
from Canada, and have worked for Hughes & Co..
of Toronto." " Well enough, my boy ; if you are
good enough to work for Hughes, you're good
enough to work for me." As the result of' that
conversation, he entered Mr. Mabley's employ the
same month, as a clerk in the furnishing department,
and within two weeks was placed in full charge of

the department. Mr. Mabley was evidently increas-
ingly pleased with his protegi, and when he opened
the furnishing store under the Russell House, in 1 8; 5,
Mr. Goodfellow was given full charge, and was
afterwards appointed general manager of the entire
concern. In February, 1884, when the firm of
Mabley & Company was incorporated, Mr. Good-
fellow was chosen Secretary and Treasurer. On
June 30, 1885, C. R. Mabley died, and Mr. Good-
fellow succeeded him as President of the company.
The estate retained Mr. Mabley's interest in the
business until May 3, 1886, when it was purchased
by the stockholders, Mr. Goodfellow remaining at
the head of what is well, known as one of the best
and most important business enterprises in Detroit
or Michigan. The trade of the house reaches into
the far and near portions of the State, and attracts
many thousands of people yearly to the metropolis.
The successful administration of its affairs requires
great judgment, energy, and business nerve, and in
these Mr. Goodfellow is not lacking. He was
nurtured and trained under watchful eyes, came
rapidly forward in the grades of promotion, and being
ever mindful to improve the opportunities of expe-
rience, was peculiarly competent to fill the place
made vacant by the death of Mr. Mabley. The con-
tinued prosperous management of the business of
Mabley & Company afford ample evidence that no
similar house is more ably or safely directed. Mr.
Goodfellow has conducted the affairs of the com-
pany so successfully that the business has steadily
increased, the sales for the year 1887 amounting to
upwards of a million and a quarter of dollars. In
1887 he was appointed one of the Commissioners
of the Detroit Fire Department, succeeding Jerome
Croul.

Mr. Goodfellow was married April 7, 1884, to
Mrs. T. W. Davey, of Windsor, Ontario. Although
his early life was a constant struggle, his ambition
and indomitable will showed him the road, and
urged him forward, and he has been remarkably
and deservedly successful. His spirit is of the sort
that would make him a leader everywhere and in
everything, and all who have business or social
intercourse with him willingly concede that he well
deserves all the good that has or may come to him.

THEODORE PARSONS HALL was born at
Rocky Hill, near Hartford, Connecticut, December
15, 1835. He is a lineal descendant of John Hall,
of Coventry, Warwickshire, England, who arrived
at Boston. Massachusetts, in 1634, joined Rev. Mr.
Davenport's New Haven Colony in 1638, and be-
came one of the founders of Wallingford, Connecti-
cut, when that town was "set off" from New
Haven in 1669. The cemeteries of Wallingford
and its adjoining town, Meridan, bear abundant

II52

MERCHANTS.

testimony to the number and worth of John Hall's
descendants in the past, and Yale College has in-
scribed among her honored graduates the names of
a score or more of them. In recent days N. K. Hall,
Postmaster -General under President Fillmore;
Admiral A. N. Foote, Professor Asaph Hall, the
astronomer, and many others of like note have
traced their descent from this early settler of Con-
necticut.

His grandson, John Hall, one of the Colonial
judges and governor's "assistant," was one of
the wealthiest and most influential of the early
Colonists. Among the children or grandchildren
of the latter, were Lyman Hall, Governor of Georgia,
and signer of the Declaration of Independence;
Benjamin and Elihu Hall, Kings' attorneys, judges,
and prominent in the Revolution ; Colonel Street
Hall and Rev. Samuel Hall (Yale, 1716), first minister
of Cheshire, Connecticut.

Eunice Hall, sister of the preceding, was the wife
of the Colonial Governor, Jonathan Law. Rev.
•Samuel Hall married Anne Law, daughter of the
Governor by his first wife, Anne Eliot (a grand-
daughter of Rev. John Eliot, the Apostle, and of
Wm. Brenton, Governor of the Colony of Rhode
Island). Brenton Hall, founder of Meriden, was a son
of Rev. Samuel Hall and father of Wm. Brenton
Hall, M. D. (Yale, 1786). The latter resided at
Middletown, Connecticut, where he is remembered
for his heroism during an outbreak of yellow fever.
He married Mehitable, daughter of Major- General
Samuel Holden Parsons, a descendant through her
mother, Mehitable Mather, of the families of Rev.
Cotton Mather and Governor Mathew Griswold, of
Connecticut. General Parsons was in command of
the Connecticut troops during .the Revolutionary
War, and later was appointed by Washington first
Chief Judge of the Northwest Territory. He set-
tled at and was a founder of Marietta, Ohio.

The son of Dr. Wm. B. Hall was Samuel Holden
Parsons Hall, State Senator of New York and Judge
of the Court of Errors after 1846. He was a man
of wealth, interested in educational matters, a pro-
moter and director of the Erie Railway, and various
other lines centering at Binghamton, New York,
where he resided. His wife w^as Emeline Bulkeley,
of Cincinnati, a lineal descendant of Rev. Peter
Bulkeley, founder of Concord in 1635, and of Rev.
Charles Chauncey, President of Harvard College.

Theodore P. Hall, the subject of this sketch, was
a son of Samuel H. P. and Emeline Bulkeley Hall.
His ancestors, as may be seen from the foregoing,
were of New England Puritan stock, and practiced
the old faith with earnestness and zeal. Mr. Hall
received his preparatory education at the academies
of Binghamton and Albany, New York; entered
Yale College in 1852, graduating in 1856, in the

class with Judge H. B. Brown, Hon. Chauncey M.
Depew, General Wager Swayne, Judge Benjamin
D. Magruder, and others of note. He subsequently
spent a year in the study of law, assisted in the
management of a newspaper, acquired some bank-
ing experience in the Central Bank of Brooklyn,
New York, and later in the office of Thompson
Bros., brokers of Wall Street. In 1859, with L. E.
Clark and others, he established the State Bank of
Michigan, which was later merged into the Michi-
gan Insurance Company and First National Bank
of Detroit.

In 1863 Mr. Hall entered into active business on
the Detroit Board of Trade, and for twenty years,
since 1868, has been in partnership with Rufus W.
Gillett, under the firm name of Gillett & Hall, for
years the leading commission grain house of De-
troit. Of late he has retired from active participa-
tion in the affairs of the firm and has devoted his
time to travel, literary pursuits, and to the improve-
ment of his handsome place at Grosse Pointe.

He enjoys making researches in the fields of his-
tory, biography, and genealogy, and is a member of
several historical societies. He possesses excellent
taste, fine powers of analysis and description, with
a rare ability in the way of generalization. He
often lays his friends -under obligation because of
work done in their behalf, and for their advantage,
and the public is probably unfortunate in that his
possession of abundant means precludes the pecu-
niary stimulus which might compel him to engage
in definite and continuous literary labors. He is
emphatically a lover of books, has accumulated a
choice library, and possesses a scholarship compe-
tent to appreciate a wide range of subjects and
authors. Socially he is modest, free-hearted, agree-
able, and makes warm friends.

He was married to Alexandrine Louise Godfroy,
of Detroit, January 11. i860. They have three
married daughters, Marie Stella, wife of Wm.Tone
St. Auburn, of California ; Josephine Emeline, wife
of Lieutenant R. J. C. Irvine, of Augusta, Georgia ;
Nathalie Heloise, wife of James Lee Scott, of Balls-
ton, New York ; also three unmarried daughters,
Alexandrine Eugenie, Marie Archange Navarre,
and Madeleine Macomb. Their only son, Godfroy
Navarre, died in 1885.

The Godfroy family were among the early French
settlers of Canada, coming from near Rouen, Nor-
mandy. Several branches of the family were
ennobled by Louis XIV. for bravery in the early
Indian wars. The founder of the Detroit branch
was married at Trois Rivieres, Canada, in 1683,
and his eldest son, Jacques Godfroy, came to De-
t roit with the founder, Cadillac, and died here in i TP-
His son Jacques, born at Detroit, 1722, married the
daughter of a French officer stationed at 1* ort Font-

;

/i < V . u

^c

MERCHANTS.

1x53

chartrain (Detroit). The latter's son, Colonel Ga-
briel Godfrey, also born here under French rule in
1758, was Colonel of the first regiment of Territorial
troops organized here, and was Indian agfent for
forty years. His son, Pierre Godfroy, one of the first
Representatives chosen when the State was organ-
ized, was the father of Alexandrine Godfroy (Hall),
who is also lineally descended through her mother
from Robert Navarre, first French Interdant and
Notaire Royal, at this place. The name of Godfroy
is a familiar one in the Records of Detroit, and is
attached to two of the old farms now included
within the limits of the city.

GEORGE H. HAMMOND, for years one of
the most extensive dealers in dressed beef in the
world, was born at Fitchburg, Massachusetts, May
5, 1838, and his parents, John and Sarah (Huston)
Hammond, were of Puritan ancestry. His mater-
nal grandfather, a native of Maine, served eight
years as a soldier in the War of the Revolution, and
lived to be ninety-four years old. The father of
George H. Hammond was a builder, and erected
numerous houses in the vicinity of his home.

Until his tenth year, George H. Hammond at-
tended the common schools, and then, preferring
business to school life, began making leather pocket- ^
books for a Mr. Barrett, of Ashburnham, Massa-
chusetts, a few miles from his native place. His
employer soon gave up the business and Mr. Ham-
mond, then only ten years old, continued it for
about a year, employing twelve girls, and doing a
profitable business. Steel clasp pocket-books then
began to supersede leather goods, and he discon-
tinued the business, and for a few months was
employed in a butcher shop, and then for three
years following, worked at Fitchburg, in the mat-
tress and palm leaf hat factory of Milton Frost, at
a salary of forty dollars per year, with the privi-
lege of going to school three months in each year.
At the age of fifteen, he purchased the business of
his former employer, but at the end of six months
sold out and came to Detroit, arriving here in 1854.
For a short time after his arrival he was engaged
in his old occupation, and then for two years and a
half he worked in the mattress and furniture fac-
tory of Milton Frost. He then started a chair
factory on the corner of Farmer and State Street.
Six months later, when he was only nineteen years
old, the establishment was destroyed by fire, and
after settling with the insurance company, he found
his entire capital to consist of thirteen dollars, and a
note for fifty dollars. With this amount he at once
opened a meat store near the southwest corner of
Howard and Third Street, and the venture was an
immediate success. In i860 he erected a brick
building on the adjoining corner, to meet the de-

mand of his trade. His business rapidly increased,
and in 1865 he removed to No. 38 Michigan Grand
Avenue, where he built up a large and prosperous
establishment. In the meantime he engaged exten-
sively in beef and pork packing, forming in 1872.
a partnership with J. D. Standish and S. B. Dixon,
under the firm name of Hammond, Standish & Co.
The firm erected large packing houses on Twen-
tieth Street, and the business grew so extensive,
that for several years preceding Mr. Hammond's
death, they did the largest business of the kind in
the city. One of the latest ventures of the firm
was the establishment of one of the largest and
most complete meat stores in the city, on Cadillac
Square, opposite the Central Market.

Although substantial success followed Mr. Ham-
mond's exertions in his regular line of trade, it is
chiefly in connection with the transportation of
dressed beef that he exhibited the largest business
capacity. From the incipiency of the undertaking
until he changed the method of carrying on the
beef trade of the United States, his energy was the
chief factor in the undertaking. The problem of
how to preserve meats, fruits, and like perishable
products for any length of time in transportation,
without affecting their quality or flavor, had been
practically unsolved until 1868, when William Davis,
of Detroit, built the first successful refrigerator car,
and until 1869, tried in vain to induce capitaUsts to
take hold of the invention. Finally Mr. Hammond -
had a car fitted up expressly for carrying dressed
beef to the eastern markets. The experimental
trip was made in May, 1869, from Detroit to Bos-
ton, and was a complete success. Mr. Hammond,
with characteristic boldness aud far-seeing business
sagacity, soon after purchased the right to the ex-
clusive use of the invention, and with Caleb Ives
formed the dressed beef transportation company
of Hammond, Ives & Co., which a few years
after was changed to the firm name of George
H. Hammond & Co. They commenced with one
car, and the second year eleven were required ; the
third they used twenty-one, the number yearly
increasing until, at the time of Mr. Hammond's
death, eight hundred cars were in constant use
in their fresh meat trade with the Atlantic coast,
and they sent three ship-loads weekly to trans-
Atlantic ports. They established slaughter houses
at Hammond, Indiana, and Omaha, Nebraska,
actually founding and building the first named city,
which now has a large population and all the usual
accompaniments of a thriving city. At this immense
establishment, fifteen hundred to two thousand
head of cattle are killed each day, the business
transacted reaching the sum of $12,000,000 to
$ 1 5.000,000 annually. The creation of this business
was almost entirely due to the enterprise and sagac-

II54

MERCHANTS.

ity of Mr. Hammond, and the results accomplished
have been of great benefit to the commercial world.
In many respects Mr. Hammond was a remark-
able man. He scarcely had a boyhood ; beginning
hfe's battles when ten years old, before he was
twenty he carried upon his shoulders responsibili-
ties that would test the powers of many mature
men. His practical business training was supple-
mented while yet in his teens, by a course of study
in Goldsmith's Commercial College, begun and com-
pleted in the evening, after the toil of the day was
finished. These studies, with his practical business
experience, gave him a knowledge of accounts that
was of immense value. He was shrewd and careful,
but clear business perception gave him courage and
boldness. At forty-eight he had not only become
one of the wealthiest men of Detroit, but one of the
best known business men in the United States, and
the central figure in a gigantic system of operations
of which few people in Detroit realized the extent and
which revolutionized the beef trade of the country,
and made his name well known and respected in
commercial circles in Chicago, New York, and Bos-
ton. He was a large real estate owner, investing
extensively in suburban property in and near Detroit,
and realized so fully that his success was gained
here, that he desired that the city should be advan-
taged by his success. He was Vice-President of
the Commercial National Bank, a director in the
Michigan Savings Bank and Detroit Fire & Marine
Insurance Company, and in innumerable ways was
a reliable factor in the prosperity of Detroit.

In the full tide of his success, when wealth and
honor had rewarded his efforts, and when seeming-
ly he could be so illy spared from the management
of the great interests his geniu3 had developed, the
end came suddenly and unexpectedly. Naturally of
a strong, robust physique, the hard work and un-
remitting toil of many years appeared to fall lightly
upon him, but disease of the heart, baffling medical
skill, terminated his life on December 29, 1886.
He was confined to the house only a few days, and
although he knew the shadow of a great danger
overhung him, he faced it bravely, and as death
came he was prepared to calmly accept whatever
might befall.

His death caused deep and genuine sorrow
wherever he was known, and the community in
which he had long lived, mourned the loss of one
whose name was the synonym of business honor,
whose private life was unexceptionable, and whose
future promised so much of good to the public.

He was not a member of any church, but made
especially liberal gifts to church enterprises, and his
contributions to charitable and benevolent objects
were many, but unostentatious. He was reserved
m manner, and gave his confidence only to a few.

whom he implicitly trusted and in whom he created
unbounded faith. His chief pleasures were found
in the domestic circle, and he was able to leave the
perplexing, annoying cares of business outside of his
home, where he was the ideal father and husband.

He was fond of travel, going twice to Europe
with part of his family, visiting also California and
the South, and frequently visited for pleasure or
business, various parts of the United States.

Dying in the prime of life, he left the impress
of his work upon the commercial history of his gen-
eration, and to his family the rich legacy of a spot-
less reputation.

He was married in 1857, to Ellen Barry. They
had eleven children, eight .of whom are living.

SAMUEL HEAVENRICH was born in Frens-
dorf. Bavaria, June 15, 1889, and is the son of
Abraham and Sarah (Brull) Heavenrich. His
parents were both natives of Bavaria, his father
being born in Frensdorf, in 1799, and his mother in
Lichtenfels, in 18 10.

Mr. Heavenrich attended school in his native
town until twelve years of age, and was then sent
for two years to a school at Regensburg (Ratisbon\
Germany. In 1853 he left home, came to this
country, and took up his abode in Detroit, where he
has since remained. Upon his arrival here he
entered the store of S. Sykes & Company, wholesale
and retail clothiers, near the southeast corner of
Jefferson Avenue and Bates Street, the firm subse-
quently removing to No. 92 Woodward Avenue.
He employed his evenings to good advantage,
studying English and bookkeeping at Cochran's
Business College, and improved so rapidly that he
became of great service to his employers, and
remained with the firm for seven years, during the
last year as junior partner.

In 1 862 he bought out the firm of S. Sykes & Com-
pany, and took in as a partner his brother, Simon H.,
who had been in business at Leavenworth, Kansas,
forming the firm of Heavenrich Brothers, which has
continued since that time. In 1867 they gave up
the retail trade, and devoted their entire attention
to the manufacturing and wholesale business, and
in the spring of 1871 found themselves so crowded
for room that they removed to the stores known as
134 and 136 Jefferson Avenue. Their business
continued to prosper, and on February i, 1881, they
moved into their present elegant and commodious
quarters at 138 and 140 JefTerson Avenue. The
building was erected by the late Francis Palms,
expressly for their use, and is a model of excellence.
It is six stories high, is neariy fire proof, and extends
from Jefiferson Avenue through to Woodbridge
Street. Here the business of the firm has grown to
enormous proportions ; they employ about three hun-

::^/ i^x^/ - y\

X-^ -^^Vt/^f^t^^yi^

X

MERCHANTS.

1155

dred and fifty hands, and manufacture an immense
amount of men's, youth's, boys', and children's
clothing, most of the cutting being done by steam
cutting machines, the only ones of the kind in the
State, and well worth an inspection. They will cut
through two inches in thickness of cloth, and make
two thousand revolutions per minute. The button-
holes in all of their goods are made in the basement of
the building, on machines run by an electric motor.
Their sample room is a model of excellence, and is
second to none west of New York. It occupies
the entire second floor, and contains a sample of
every piece of goods they have in stock. By their
thrift, perseverance, and strict attention to business,
both members of the firm have acquired a com-
petency, and their business represents a capital of
about $250,000.

Mr. Samuel Heavenrich was a member of the
Detroit Light Guards for six years, but has mingled
but little in general public affairs. Inclined to be
conservative, he has uniformly declined the use of
his name for political offices, but his courtesy,
integrity, fidelity, industry, and great natural ability,
are such that any trust committed to him would be
carefully and successfully administered. He has
been President of the Phoenix Club for five years,
and is a director of the American Exchange
National Bank, President of the Marine City Stave
and Salt Company, and Vice-President of the
Dexter Consolidated Iron Mining Company, and
has held various offices in other corporations.

He has ever manifested a special interest in the
welfare of young men, and has been a benefactor
to many. Possessing a social and genial disposi-
tion, his habits have often caused him to forego his
own pleasure in order to be of service to others. By
systematic efforts of this sort he has helped to
brighten the path of many less fortunate than him-
self. His friends and acquaintances are well aware
that any service he can render, when they are sick
or in need, will be heartily and cheerfully rendered,
without considering his personal ease or comfort.
He is a highly worthy representative of the Hebrew
nationality, is a member of the Congregation Beth
EI, and commands the esteem of his business asso-
ciates and of the public generally.

He was married March 21, 1866, to Sarah Troun-
stine, at Cincinnati. She is a daughter of John
and Elizabeth (Guiterman) Trounstine, of Bavaria.
They have had six children, namely, Blanche, Wal-
ter S., John A., Carrie H., Edith R., and Herbert S.,
all of whom are living at home with their parents.

EMIL SOLOMON HEINEMAN was born
December ir, 1824, at Neuhaus on the Oste, near
^he port of Hamburg. His father, Solomon Joa-
chim Heineman, was born in 1780, in the Bavarian

village of Burg Ellern, where his ancestors had
lived in peace for many years, until compelled to
seek another habitation through the religious intol-
erance which was then directed against persons of
the Protestant and Jewish faith, to the latter of
which Mr. Heineman's family had always subscribed.
Seeking a home in the more northerly part of
Germany, near the seaport of Hamburg, where
cosmopolitan ideas had prevented the lodgment
of intolerance, he established himself at Neuhaus,
and by hard work and honest endeavor became
in time the foremost merchant of the place, and
amassed what was then a more than comfortable
fortune. He held for many years an honorable
civil appointment from the government He mar-
ried Sarah, the daughter of Leeser Franc and
Regina Josef, and became the father of ten children,
Emil S. being the fourth of five brothers.

It those days it was the custom, upon the expira-
tion of his school days, to send a boy to some
tradesman in another city, either to be taught a
handicraft or to be given a business education.
Accordingly, in 1840, when he was sixteen years
old, E. S. Heineman was sent to the city of Olden-
burg to learn the practical duties of business. The
Revolution q( 1848 raised hopes in the hearts of
young men that Germany would become a united
and great nation, but the reaction in 1850 dispelled
these hopes, and Mr. Heineman determined to seek
his fortune in the New World. Obtaining a reluc-
tant consent from his father, he took passage on
the Washington, the pioneer trans-Atlantic steamer,
and after a phenomenally short trip of two weeks,
landed in New York in the spring of 1851. Going
from there to Cincinnati, after a short stay in the
latter city he came to Detroit, where he secured
employment in David Amberg's clothing store, in
the old Smart Block, on the present site of the Mer-
rill Block. His fellow clerk here was Edward Brei-
tung, afterwards a prominent resident of the North-
ern Peninsula, and its representative in Congress.

The commercial training and the instruction in
the English language ~ which Mr. Heineman had
received at home, enabled him in 1853 to engage in
business on his own account, in the same block
where he began as a clerk. The fire which in 1854
destroyed the old Presbyterian Church, and the
block in which his business was located, necessi-
tated his removal, and for many years he occupied
one or more of the stores under the National
Hotel, now known as the Russell House. At the
outbreak of the Civil War, he became interested in
furnishing military clothing to the State, and later
to the General Government, and after this time was
engaged solely in the wholesale trade. His two
brothers-in-law, Messrs. Magnus and Martin Butzel,
were admitted to partnership in 18^2, and the firm,

II56

MERCHANTS.

since known as Heineman, Butzel & Company,
removed to the upper floors adjoining Messrs.
G. & R. McMillan's present store, remaining there
until 1 87 1, and then removing to their present loca-
tion on Jefferson Avenue. Thus for thirty-five
years Mr. Heineman has been engaged in mercantile
life in Detroit, and during this period has witnessed
almost the entire growth of the city's industries.

He has been eminently a business man, and
while not neglecting political duties, has never
accepted party nomination or appointment, but has
been a staunch Republican ever since the founding
of that party. He has been connected with many
of the representative corporations of the city, and
was among the first subscribers to the Detroit Fire
and Marine Insurance Company, and one of its
directors since its organization. In like manner he
became an original subscriber to, and director of the
Michigan Life Insurance Company, and of the Fort
Wayne and Elmwood Street Railway Company, of
which he is at present Treasurer. He is known as
a conservative in his business and investments, and
judicious in his selection of real estate. In 1885 he
erected a fine building on Cadillac Square, and has
always had faith in the growing prosperity of the
city, is known as a public-spirited citizen, and no
more worthy representative of his nationality can
be found anywhere.

Mr. Heineman, is almost as active as ever in
business, not remiss in social duties, and is a man
of quiet tastes and retiring disposition, to whom
home presents the highest ideal of happiness. Al-
most any afternoon, in summer, he may be seen
busy among the flowers in his garden, which is
one of the most attractive in the city, and its care
is one of his favorite pastimes. He is a lover of
books, and has given some attention to numis-
matics, having a very interesting and valuable col-
lection of coins.

He was married in 1861, to Fanny Butzel, of
Peekskill. New York. The year following he pur-
chased his present homestead on Woodward Ave-
nue. He has two sons and two daughters.

CHAUNCEY HURLBUT was born in Oneida
County, New York, in 1803, and came to Detroit
with Cullen Brown in 1825. He worked at his
trade of harnessmaker for a few years, and then in
company with Jerry Dean, carried on a saddlery
and harness Store for three years. Mr. Hurlbut
then decided to go into the grocery business with
his brother-in-law, Alexander Mc Arthur. The lat-
ter soon left the city, and in 1837, Mr. Hurlbut
built the store at 50 Woodward Avenue, where he
engaged in the general grocery trade and continued
in business up to a short time before his death.

From the year 1839 he served almost continu-

ously in some public capacity. He was successive-
ly foreman, chief engineer, and president of the old
Fire Department. From 1839 to 1841 he was
Alderman from the Second Ward. In 1835 he was
President of the Mechanics' Society. When the
Board of Trade was organized in 1847, Mr. Hurl-
but was chosen one of the directors. He was one
of the original stockholders in the Second National
Bank, and was a director during the twenty yea is
of its existence. At the time of his death he held
the same position in its successor, the Detroit Na-
tional Bank. He was a Sewer Commissioner froiT!
1857 to 1859. In 1861 he was appointed as one
of the Water Commissioners, serving two years
and being appointed over and over again after that
time. From 1872, until his death, he continuously
held the presidency of the Board and gave almost
his entire attention to the improvement of the De-
troit Water Works system.

His public duties were all fulfilled with a sturdy
adherence to the maxim that " public office is a
public trust." In 1841 he returned to the President
of the Fire Department a warrant for one hundred
dollars, which had been sent him for services as
chief engineer, remarking that he was a believer in
Franklin's doctrine, that no man should grow rich
by emoluments of office. Mr. Hurlbut was an
ardent Republican from the organization of the
party, and a regular contributor to campaign funds.
He was not demonstrative in his politics, however,
and seldom attended caucuses or other party meet-
ings. He was noted for his remarkable memory,
and his extensive reading on historical and scientific
subjects, had made his mind a cyclopoedia of facts.

He died on September 9, 1885, and his widow
followed him a few months later. He left almost
all of his estate, nearly a quarter of a million dollars,
to the Board of Water Commissioners, to be ex-
pended in maintaining a library and improving the
grounds belonging to the commission.

JOSHUA S. INGALLS was born in the town
of Johnson, La Moille County, Vermont, February
12, 1833, and is a son of Simeon and Rhoda
(Smith) Ingalls. His ancestors came from England,
and settled at Andover, Massachusetts, in 1690.
His father was a farmer, and his son passed his
earlier years upon the farm.

The dull, prosaic life of the average New England
farmer's boy, and the limited school advantages
there obtainable, however, illy suited his active
temperament, and at the age of fourteen he left
home, determined to secure an education by his
own efforts. Going to Johnson village, a few miles
from his father's residence, by working after school
hours and during vacations he obtained three years
tuition at the Johnson Academy. Deeply regret-

('II AT NCI -.N m Rl I'.r I'.

^^^

MERCHANTS.

1157

ting his inability to pursue his studies further, he
then began his business career by becoming a clerk
in a general country store at Concord, Massachu-
setts, conducted by John Brown. His diligence,
close attention to duties, and natural business apti-
tude, won the confidence of his employer, and at
the end of a year he provided him with capital to
start a general store at Acton Centre, Massachu-
setts. He managed the store for a year, and then
disposed of his interest for a farm. Subsequently
he was employed as a salesman in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, and at Akron and Cleveland, Ohio. At
the latter place, after several years as clerk in a
crockery store, he became a partner in the firm of
Fogg. Ensworth & Company, crockery merchants.
The business was successfully continued for two
years, and then in i860 the firm was dissolved, and
Mr. Ingalls entered into partnership with Philip
Thurber, under the firm name of Thurber & Ingalls,
and established a crockery and glass store at Jack-
son, Michigan. At the end of a year and a half
Mr. Thurber retired, and A. A. Bliss became a
partner, under the firm name of Bliss & Ingalls.
They continued together until 1 869, when the firm
dissolved.

In the meantime, as early as 1862, Mr. Ingalts
had established at Jackson the first oil agency ever
started in the State of Michigan. He continued it
with success until 1869, when he went to Cleve-
land, and in partnership with a Mr. Olliphant opened
a crockery store. This venture did not prove
advantageous, and in 1872 the firm discontinued
business, and Mr. Ingalls spent the next two years
as a traveling salesman for a Cleveland crockery
firm. In 1875 he came to Detroit, and with C. C.
Bloomfield established the oil agency of Ingalls &
Company. The business was almost immediately
successful. In 1884 the company was incorporated
as Ingalls & Company, and in 1886 was consolidated
with the Standard Oil Company, under the corporate
name of the Ingalls Oil Company, and is now the
distributing agency of the Standard Oil Company
for the State of Michigan. The development of
the business in Detroit is largely due to Mr.
Ingalls's business foresight and judgment, and
through his efforts, Detroit has become one of the
largest distributing points for kerosene oil in the
whole country.

Since 1882 Mr. Ingalls has also been largely
interested in an extensive lumber company, of which
ne has been the President since its organization,
and is now sole manager and owner, and makes
jarge shipments of Michigan pine to the New Eng-
land and Eastern States. Mr. Ingalls's business
success is the result of persistent and hard work.
^^ is independent and self-reliant, and, when
determined on a line of action, pursues it with bold-

ness and vigor. Although on two occasions his
earlier business ventures turned out disastrously to
himself, he allowed no one else to be a loser, but,
when prosperity was again achieved, he paid in full
every dollar of his old indebtedness, an example of
absolute honesty worthy of universal imitation.

He has never held public office, but takes a deep
interest in political movements, and is an enthusi-
astic Republican. Honest and straightforward in
business transactions, with excellent financial abili-
ties, pleasing address and courteous manner, he is a
good type of the business men who create and sus-
tain the commerce of the city.

He was married in 1862 to Amelia H. Thurber,
of Syracuse, New York. She died in 1885, and the
following year their daughter, Florence, married
Oakes Ames, of Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. In-
galls's home being broken up, he decided to retire
from active business and make his home in New
England. Leaving Detroit in 1887, he went to
Boston, and before many months was again per-
suaded into business Hfe, and became one of the
proprietors of the Albion, Michigan, Milling Com-
pany, and controls its large New England business.

CHARLES STORRS ISHAM was born in
Hudson, Ohio, January 16, 1835. He is a son of
Warren and Melissa (Parsons) Isham, who had
four children, namely, Warren, deceased ; Jane L.,
widow of the late David Crane, of New York ;
Maria P., who in 1847 married Wilbur F. Storey,
of the Chicago Times, and is now residi^ig in
Europe, and Charles Storrs Isham, who was the
fourth and youngest child.

Warren Isham, the father, was a Presbyterian
minister, and a writer of considerable note. He
was born at Watertown, Jefferson County, New
York, was a graduate of Union College, and estab-
lished, at Hudson, the Ohio Observer, the first
religious newspaper in Ohio ; he published it until
1 835. He w^as afterwards widely known in Michigan
as the editor of the Michigan Observer, and also of
the Michigan Farmer. In these papers he displayed
marked ability. About 1853 he published a volume
of travels in Europe, Egypt, and the Holy Land,
and also a volume entitled " The Mud Cabin," an
expose of the lower stratum of English life. Both
of these works were quite popular and financially
successful. The last years of his life were spent at
Marquette, Michigan, where he published the Mar-
quette Journal, and was engaged in other literary
work. He died at that place in 1863. His wife,
Melissa Parsons Isham, was related to the Bard-
wells of England. She was born in Belchertown,
Massachusetts, in 1800; was a woman of strong
character, great family pride, an earnest Christian,
and unwearied in her devotion to the welfare of her

II58

MERCHANTS.

children. She died in Detroit in 1880. Several of
the family inherited the literary taste and talent of
their father. Warren, the eldest son, attracted
much attention as a writer in connection with the
editorial staff of the Detroit Free Press and the
Chicago Times. His writings were noted for the
humor which they contained, and he especially
distinguished himself as war correspondent of the
Chicago Times during the early years of the war.
Some of his communications were disapproved by
General Grant, and he was imprisoned several
months, but released without any charges being
preferred against him. He was then re-employed
on the staff of the Times, and promoted to the
chief editorial charge under Mr. Storey. In 1863,
soon after his father's death, he went to Marquette
to see about his father's affairs, and on the return
trip, on board of the ill-fated steamer " Sunbeam,'*
was lost on Lake Superior. As a writer, he owed
little to study or application, but with the spontan-
eity of true genius he excelled in whatever he under-
took, and his earliest efforts had all the ease and
polish of a practiced writer.

Charles Storrs Isham was brought to Detroit by
his parents when he was a small child, and before
the age of six attended the private school of Mrs.
Campbell, now Mrs. Solomon Davis. When he
was six years old, his parents removed to Jackson,
where he attended school six years, and afterwards
spent one year in the schools of Springfield, Massa-
chusetts. At the age of fourteen he was placed in a
store at Jackson, Michigan, and remained three
years. He then returned to Detroit, and from
1852 to 1854 was engaged as traveling agent for
the Free Press. The following year and a half he
spent in traveling in Louisiana and Texas, and
gained much knowledge of the condition of the
Southern States during a most interesting period.
In the fall of 1856 he entered the wholesale dry
goods house of Carter, Quinine & De Forest, in
New York City, and w^as engaged as clerk, and
during the winters as traveling salesman for the
house in the West. He occupied the position
about four years, and then engaged with a merchant
to go to Galveston, Texas, with the intention of
making his home in the South ; but, just as he was
about to depart, he received a telegram from his
brother Warren, urging him to come to Detroit ;
he concluded to do so, was released from the en-
gagement, and came here. During the first three
years of his residence he was engaged in the dry
goods store of Farrell Brothers, the predecessors of
Newcomb, Endicott & Company. In 1864 he
formed a partnership with George I. Major, in the
commission and forwarding business, under the firm
name of Major & Isham. This firm has been in
business twenty-four years, and is one of the few

in the city that has remained unchanged for that
length of time.

Mr. Isham has attended strictly to his business,
and has not sought outside work or duty of any
sort. In politics he is a Democrat. As a business
man he is prudent and conservative, sound in
judgment, and of large energy and perseverance ;
his integrity is undoubted, and he is genial and
courteous towards all with whom he comes in
contact. He has traveled extensively in the United
States, and in 1884 made a trip to Europe, spending
a large part of the year at different points on the
continent.

He was married July 9, 1864, to Lucy B. Mott,
daughter of the late John T. Mott, of Detroit.
They have four children, Charles Storrs, Jr., Fred.
Stewart, Jennie M., and Warren Parsons. Charles S.,
now in the commission business in this city, spent
two years on the Chicago Times as a reporter and
foreign correspondent, and was entrusted with the
special correspondence of the paper in Mexico.
Fred. Stewart graduated from the High School at
sixteen, and at once became a reporter for the
Detroit Free Press, remaining there until 1884,
when he went to Europe. He spent one year in
Paris, a year at Munich, and two years in London,
studying art and music under the best masters.
While in London he made his first venture in book
authorship, in an ingenious novel entitled " The
Twice-Seen Face." It has passed through the
first edition and is entering upon the second.

Mr. and Mrs. Isham are both members of the
Westminster Presbyterian Church.

RICHARD MACAULEY was born in Roch-
ester, New York, November 28, 1838, and is the
son of Richard and Jane (Maguire) Macauley.
His father was one of the early millers at Genesee
Falls, an interest which had much to do with the
building up of the city of Rochester, which is
known everywhere as the Flour City.

Mr. Macauley was educated in the public schools
and at the Academy in Rochester, and was known
as a diligent student. He was offered a college
education, but preferred to enter at once into active
business life, and in 1859 became a clerk in the
large dry goods store of Hubbard & Northup, at
Rochester, where he secured an excellent business
training, and was brought into social and religious
circles which largely shaped his future. While thus
engaged he became a member of the Fifty-fourth
Regiment of National Guards, which was occa-
sionally called into active service until the close of
the war. In 1864 he resigned his commission of
Captain in the regiment, and went to Cairo, Illinois,
where he engaged in the wholesale and retail book
and stationery business, his employers doing a large

¥

7 c'l'i^y.^

MERCHANTS.

1159

business throughout the West and South. Mr.
Macauley, however, was not able to endure the
malaria prevalent in that region, and the next year
returned to Rochester and secured employment in
the wholesale millinery house of Edward Wamsley,
as traveling salesman in the Lake States. In visiting
Detroit, he saw that this was a favorable location
for a wholesale millinery house, and in 1870, in
connection with his former employer, he established
the first exclusively wholesale millinery house in
Michigan, under the firm name of Macauley &
Wamsley. Two years later he bought out his
partner's interest, and with his brother, Alexander
Macauley, formed a new firm under the style of
Macauley Brothers. One year later his brother
retired from the firm, and the business was contin-
ued under the name of Richard Macauley for eight
years with unabated success, and he gained a high
reputation with merchants, importers and manu-
facturers at the East, and with the trade generally
throughout the West, as a successful merchant in a
line of trade in which others had frequently failed,
and which requires exceptional forethought and
judicious management. In 1 880 he admitted Edwin
Jackson, of Toledo, and his brother, Alexander
Macauley, into the firm, which w^as changed to
Richard Macauley & Company. Since then there
has been no change, except the retirement of Mr.
Jackson in 1887, and the success of the house has
been permanent and continuous, and it has grown
to be the largest of the kind in the State. In addi-
tion to his interest in the Detroit house, Mr. Macau-
ley owns the entire interest in, and is the manager
of a similar house in Toledo, which is quite as suc-
cessful as the one in Detroit.

Mr. Macauley has given his close attention to
business interests, is both cautious and enterprising,
a good judge of mercantile values, and an excellent
financier. He has mastered the details which ensure
success, and feels a just pride in the fact that he
has always met his obligations fully and promptly.
He is highly esteemed for his social qualities and
for his integrity of character. He is a member of
the Detroit Club and also of the Michigan Club.

In political faith he is a Republican, and is public-
spirited in all matters pertaining to the prosperity
of the city. He is a director in the American Bank-
ing and Savings Association, and in the American
Trust Company, and a stockholder in the Detroit
National Bank.

He was married July 9. 1867, to Josephine A.
Foster, daughter of George D. Foster, a prominent
merchant of West Winfield, New York. Her
mother's maiden name was Emerancy B. Thurston,
a direct descendant of Edward Thurston, one of
the early colonists of Rhode Island, in 1642. They
have three children, George Thurston, Fanny Wood,

and Richard Henry. All of the family are mem-
bers of St. John's Episcopal Church.

THOMAS McGRAW, the widely known wool
merchant, was born at Castleton. on the River
Shannon, County of Limerick, Ireland, September
17, 1824. His father, Redmond McGraw, emi-
grated to America, landing at Quebec in 1825, and
subsequently purchased a tract of land in Essex
County, New York, and after clearing it and find-
ing it undesirable, he removed to a point near
Ogdensburgh, where he repeated his experience.
From this farm he removed to Canada, buying land
near St. Thomas, sixty miles from Detroit. In 1835
he sold out his interests in Canada and emigrated
to Michigan, and settled in the township of Canon,
Wayne County, where he passed the remainder of
his days. His previous changes of location were
doubtless caused by the fact that in the old country
the possession of lands was the most reliable wealth
that one could have, and as he had been the finan-
cial manager of a very large estate for many years
previous to his emigration, it w^as very natural that
his ambition should be in the direction of a land-
holder, and having no reliable knowledge of the soil
and climate of the different sections of America, it
was only by several trials that he at last found in
Michigan the location he desired. He was a man
of liberal education and personal culture, and a
steadfast upholder of the Protestant religion. He
was born in Ireland in 1777, and died at Canton
in 1852. His mother's family were German Luth-
erans; her maiden name was Elizabeth Faught.
She died about three years after her arrival in
America.

Thomas McGraw did not inherit his father's taste
for agriculture, and the greater portion of his time
until 1840, was spent in study at school and at
home. From some romantic source he obtained
a favorable idea of a sailor's life, and made up
his mind to go to sea. At the age of fifteen he
set out to become a sailor, and reached the city
of Rochester, New York, before he quite made
up his mind that a life spent upon the ocean would
not be desirable. In that city he engaged as clerk
with a substantial merchant at a salary of ninety-
six dollars a year. During his stay in Rochester
of a year and a half, he attended a night school,
and devoted nearly all his leisure moments to study.
In the fall of 1841 he returned to his home in
Michigan. The next year he entered into partner-
ship with his brother in clearing twenty acres of
land. In the fall of the year they sowed the land
to wheat, but the enterprise turned out disastrously,
as the severe frost of the following June destroyed
the crop, the damage being general throughout the
State.

ii6o

MERCHANTS.

In 1843, at the age of nineteen, Mr. McGraw
came to Detroit and took a place as clerk in the
office of the Pittsburgh Iron Company, where he
remained four years. Leaving Detroit, in 1847, he
purchased a small stock of general merchandise,
and opened a store at Novi, Oakland County. That
cownty and those adjoining are noted for their pro-
ductions of fine wool, and Mr. McGraw soon drifted
into the wool trade. It was not long before this
interest became so extensive that his general mer-
cantile business was only a convenient appendage,
and he was compelled to seek a more central
location, and removed to Detroit in April, 1864.
Soon after coming here he opened a branch house
in Boston, Massachusetts His business success
has been remarkable, and he has been the largest
buyer of wool outside of the Atlantic cities.
Although an attentive listener to the opinions of
others, he makes a thorough canvass of the infor-
mation bearing on any question or transaction he
is contemplating, and his mind once made up, he
never wavers, and, is ever on the alert until the
enterprise he has undertaken is finished. His
reputation as a wool merchant is such throughout
New England that his grades of wool are preferred
by manufacturers, as they have uniformly been
found to be of the very best quality. His system
is such that he transacts his large wool business
with ease, and in 1887 his wool purchases amounted
to about five million pounds.

He has, for years, taken a great interest in Detroit
and its institutions, and his chief investments are
in business and real estate in the city. He is the
largest stockholder in the Globe Tobacco Company,
and has for many years been its President. He was
one of the organizers, and for five years President
of the Michigan Savings Bank, and for twenty
years a stockholder, and for seven years a director,
of the American National Bank of Detroit. In 1876
he purchased the Mechanics' Block, expending
large sums for its general improvement, making it
thoroughly modern in accordance with the require-
ments of the times. He has provided in the building,
for the free use of its occupants, a fine library of
three thousand volumes, known as the McGraw
Law Library, and has arranged to lay aside a certain
sum each year for the extension and improvement
of this library, to the end that it may be one of the
leading libraries of its kind.

In politics Mr. McGraw is independent, but usu-
ally acts and votes with the Republican party. He
was for two years a member of the Board of Esti-
mates of Detroit.

During August and September, of 1886, Mr.

McGraw made a trip to Europe, visiting Germany,

Belgium, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland.

In 1848 he married Sarah I. Seldon, grand-

daughter of Rodman Hazard, a well known figure
in the earlier history of Western Massachusetts, and
noted throughout New England as a pioneer
woolen manufacturer, and also a politician, having
served upwards of twenty years in the State Legis-
lature. One of his lineal descendants was in
Frankfort, Germany, during the late Civil War, and
used his influence in the early part of the conflict
to induce German bankers to purchase American
bonds.

Mr. McGraw is most esteemed by those who
know him most intimately. He is appreciative of
whatever is truest and best in those with whom he
comes in contact, and his old time courtesy and
friendly spirit make it pleasant for those who have
social or business relations with him. He is a
member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, but
his love for Christianity is broader than his love for
any one church, and this is doubtless the truest
loyalty.

NICOL MITCHELL, for many years one of
the most extensive builders and contractors of
Detroit, was born at Kilsythe, near Sterlingshire,
Scotland, November 19, 1821. There he spent his
youth and early manhood, and served an appren-
ticeship at the carpenter's trade.

In 1847 he emigrated with his family to America,
coming directly to Detroit. Here he secured em-
ployment as a journeyman with Hugh Moffat, and
subsequently rose to be foreman, and when Mr. Mof-
fat abandoned the work of a contractor to engage
in other pursuits, Mr. Mitchell succeeded to a por-
tion of his business. A few years after he formed
a partnership and engaged in building with a Mn
McDuff, under the firm name of Mitchell & McDuff.
In 1 863 he became a member of the firm of Mor-
hous, Mitchell & Bryam, and for several years there-
after was more extensively engaged in building than
any other firm in Detroit. His connection with the
firm ceased in 1874, when Mayor Moffat ap-
pointed him a member of the first Board of Public
Works, a position for which his practical experience
as a mechanic rendered him eminentl^^ fitted. He
served in this capacity four years, and at the close
of his term, one of the Detroit daily papers voiced
the opinion of the community in saying : " Mr.
Mitchell, who, after four years of faithful service on
the Board of Public Works, now retires to private
life, is one of the kind of men that few cities are
lucky enough to obtain as officers. A successful
builder, of enterprise and workmanlike capacity,
he was selected for a position that he has filled to
the satisfaction of the whole community."

At the expiration of his term he again gave his
entire attention to building, and during the latter
years of his life most of his time was devoted to the

/^ ^^^ . ' /^^ .->-^::^^i^-^

MERCHANTS.

1 161

superintendency of the erection of buildings for
Messrs. Newberry & McMillan, and during thirty
years he personally superintended the construction
of many of the largest buildings in Detroit. The
following were erected under his supervision :
The Detroit Opera House, Fort Street Presby-
terian Church, Christ Protestant Episcopal Church,
Central Methodist Episcopal Church, St. Joseph s
Catholic Church, St. Patrick's Catholic Church,
Young Men's Hall, Michigan Central Elevator No.
2, the Union Depot Elevator, the Wabash Elevator,
and numerous business blocks. His last work Was
in connection with the erection of the Detroit, Grand
Haven and Milwaukee Elevator.

He was one of the organizers of the Michigan
Savings Bank, and from the first one of its direc-
tors, and from June, 1878, its vice-president

He was an enthusiastic supporter of the Repub-
lican party, but never a seeker after political honors.
In religious and charitable work he was earnest
and active. He was emphatically a God-fearing
and devoted Christian gentleman. He became con-
nected with the United Presbyterian Church at its
organization, and for over thirty-five years served as
an elder. He was a valued member of the Detroit
Commandery of Knights Templar, and of the St,
Andrew's Society. In the latter society he was
three times elected to the presidency. His " brither
Scotsmen " in their tribute to his memory, record
their high appreciation of his " excellent business
ability, rare mechanical skill, sterling integrity, and
unflinching devotion to duty."

For nearly a year preceding his death Mr.
Mitchell had been in ill health, but attended to his
business as usual until March 29, 1887, when he
was stricken with paralysis, and a few days later
sank into apparent unconsciousness, from which he
never rallied. He died April 10, 1887. His death
was mourned by a wide circle of friends, to whom
his many admirable traits of character had become
well known.

His long residence in Detroit and prominent
identification with important trusts faithfully dis-
charged, had made him one of the best known
and respected characters in the city. He was prac-
tical, straightforward, hard-working, and conscien-
tious, with an unsullied reputation. He loved the
vigorous pursuits of his trade, and in the man-
agement of large bodies of men was remarkably
successful. His kindness and consideration for
others were his strongest characteristics. Without
early educational advantages or influential friends,
by his individual worth and energy, he won a de-
serving place among the successful business men
of Detroit. He was married to Lillie Kirk wood, at
Stedingshire, Scotland, December 5, 1845. They
had four children. Their eldest son, William, died

in Detroit in 1881, at the age of thirty-one years.
The remaining children are Jessie Dean, wife of
W. R. Hamilton, Margaret C, and John K., a civil
engineer of Detroit.

GEORGE F. MOORE, wholesale dry goods
merchant of Detroit, was born in Berkshire County,
Massachusetts, December 10, 1832, and is one of
the twelve children of John and Clara Moore, and
of New England ancestry. His grandfather on
the paternal side came from Holland, and was
among the earliest settlers of Berkshire County,
and his descendants have left an honorable impress
upon the commercial and political life of New
England. Mr. Moore's mother was of Scotch de-
scent, but her ancestors came to America prior
to the Revolutionary War. John Moore was a
man of sturdy character, and infused into his chil-
dren those sound principles which have given them
honorable and useful positions in the world. He
dealt largely in lands, and was also engaged in the
coal and timber trade, owning large tracts of land in
Berkshire County. He possessed natural business
ability, good judgment, was animated by honest
and conscientious motives, was highly respected
and esteemed, and as a business man was quite
successful. He removed with his family to Bata-
via. New York, in 1847, and died there in
1858.

His son, George F. Moore, was educated in the
public schools of Berkshire and Batavia, and at the
age of eighteen began his commercial career as a
clerk in the dry goods house of Wells & Seymour,
of Batawa, with whom he remained three years.
He then went to Buffalo, New York, and for a year
was in the employ of Howard, Whitcomb & Co.
His next engagement took him to New Orleans
and Memphis, where he spent the winter of 1854.
In 1855 he returned to Buffalo, and for three years
was in the service of his former employer. His
business career in Detroit dates from 1859. In that
year he entered the dry goods store of Town &
Shelden, by whom he was employed for six years,
when he and James L. Edson, were admitted as
partners. The firm name was Allan Shelden &
Co., the late Senator Zachariah Chandler being a
special partner.. In 1872 Mr. Moore and Mr.
Edson retired from the firm and established the
present wholesale dry goods house of Edson,
Moore & Co. They began business in a building
erected for them on the southwest corner of Jef-
ferson avenue and Bates Street, where they re-
mained until 1882, when the growth of their busi-
ness demanding larger quarters, the building on the
opposite side of Bates Street and on the corner of
Jefferson Avenue was erected for their use. The
growth of their business to its present commanding

1 162

MERCHANTS.

position among the wholesale houses of the North-
west, has been rapid, at the present time their sales
exceed those of any dry goods house in the State,
and their establishment is one of the largest con-
cerns in its line west of New York City. In view
of these results, it is needless to say that Mr.
Moore has had a remarkably busy life, or that
he possesses excellent business capacity and judg-
ment. An important factor in his career has been
his practical experience since early manhood, with
the line of business in which he is engaged . Start-
ing in life without assistance, save what his own
industry and worth had justly earned, he has
gained a deserving place among the most success-
ful merchants of Detroit. The life and labgr of
even the most successful business man, made up
of daily rounds of duty, would seem to furnish little
of note to the biographer, but it should be oftener
kept in mind that the growth and good of the
nation, and of each individual citizen, is secured
through the development of commercial enterprise,
rather than by the ready eloquence of mere politi-
cal place hunters. The mercantile community
increases the consumption of raw material by open-
ing new avenues of trade, and by pushing the sale of
various products, while the political representative
often hinders legitimate commerce by crude legisla-
tion and unbusiness-like schemes in the interest of
his party.

The personal supervision of extensive interests
has given Mr. Moore but limited opportunity to
engage in other pursuits, but no citizen has shown,
in more substantial ways, his deep interest in all
enterprises pertaining to the good of Detroit. Pro-
gressive and public-spirited, his aid is never refused
to any deserving projects. He possesses far-seeing
business judgment, the power to thoroughly grasp
complicated details, is careful and methodical, and
steadily and persistently follows a course he has
decided upon, and is not easily turned from a pro-
ject his judgment approves. His integrity is un-
questioned, and upon his business honor there is
no stain. Personally he is reserved in manner, but
with those who possess his full confidence he is genial
and companionable. He is warmly attached to his
friends, his home and the domestic ties are especially
dear to him, and his chief enjoyment is found in
the family circle. For many years he has been a
member of the First Presbyterian Church, and is
generous in his donations to religious and charita-
ble objects.

He was married in 1855 to Adela S. Mosher,
daughter of Amasa A. and Susan Mosher. They
have had five children, Edward H. (deceased).
George F, Jr., Willis Howard, Harriet L., deceased
wife of John Arthur Heames, and Adela S., wife of
J. Ledlie Hees.

JOHN VALLfiE MORAN was born in Detroit,
December 25, 1846. He is descended from French
ancestors, who were among the early immigrants
to the St. Lawrence Valley. Pierre Moran, the
founder of the family in America, was born at
Batiscan, in 1651, and married Madeline Grimard,
in 1678. Their descendants were numerous in
Canada, and many of them noted as clergymen,
lawyers, and landed proprietors. The name was
originally spelled Morand, and it so appears in
some of the old records. One of the sons of
Pierre Moran, Jean Eaptiste, was married at Quebec,
in 1707, to Elizabeth Dubois. Their son, Charles,
settled at Detroit in the year 1734. In 1767 he
married Marguerite Grimard Trembley, whose
family possessed the seigneurie de Trembley as
early as 1681. She died in 1771, leaving two sons,
the younger of whom, Charles, w^as born in 1770,
and married, in 1794, Catherine Vissier, dit Laferte,
whose only child was the late Judge Charles Moran.
The latter was born April 21, 1797, and was married
in 1822 to Julie De Quindre, by whom he had five
children, of whom only the youngest is living, Mary
Josephine, wife of Robert E. Mix, of Cleveland,
Ohio. Judge Moran married for his second wife
Justine McCormack, of New York. They had five
children — James, who died unmarried ; William B. ;
John Vallee ; Catherine, wife of the late Henry D.
Barnard ; and Alfred T. Judge Moran died October
13, 1876, leaving to the above named children and
his widow one of the most valuable estates in the
city.

John Vallee Moran, the third son, received his
rudimentary education in Ste. Anne's Church School,
then taught by the Christian brothers ; he after-
w^ards attended the old Barstow School, and the
private school of P. M. Patterson ; completed a
course in higher mathematics at the Detroit High
School, and finished his commercial education by a
course at Sprague and Farnsworth's Business Col-
lege in Detroit. While thus acquiring a theoretical
knowledge of business, he had some experience in
its practice in connection with the affairs of his
father's estate.

In 1 867 he became a clerk in the grocery house
of Moses W. Field & Company, at the foot of
Griswold Street. In 1869 he assumed the position
of assistant bookkeeper in the wholesale grocery
house of John Stephens & Company, subsequently
became shipping clerk in the wholesale grocery
house of Beatty & Fitzsimons, which place he re-
tained for two years, at the expiration of which time
he purchased the interest of the late Simon Man-
dlebaum, in that establishment, and became a
partner, the style of the firm being Beatty, Fitz-
simons & Company. The firm continued without
change until Mr. Beatty died, in August, 1885 ; the

(I'^c'r 7^.

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MERCHANTS.

I 163

business was then reorganized, and in March, 1887,
the firm was changed to Moran, Fitzsimons &
Company, and the house is recognized as one of the
most prosperous in the city.

Mr. Moran has also been active in many other
enterprises. For many years he was a director in
the Merchants and Manufacturers' Exchange, which
his firm took a leading part in organizing, and
which has been of great benefit to the city. He
was one of the organizers of the Gale Sulky Harrow
Company, and one of its first directors. He aided
in establishing Ward's line of Detroit and Lake
Superior Transportation Steamers, and has been
a Director and Secretary of the company since
its organization. In 1887 he assisted in organiz-
ing the American Banking and Savings Associa-
tion, and the American Trust Company, the
latter being the first institution of the kind in
Michigan. He is a Director and Vice-President of
both companies. He was also one of the organizers
of the Detroit Club, and was its first Treasurer and
one of its first Board of Directors. He is an enthusi-
astic boatman, and has been prominently connected
with the Detroit Boat and Yacht Clubs, and was a
member of the Northwestern Amateur Rowing
Association as a Director, and its President in 1886.

His political affiliations are with the Democratic
party. By appointment of the Mayor, he served as
a member of the Board of Inspectors of the House
of Correction for two terms, from 1880 to 1886, and
was President of the Board in 1880, and also in
1885.

He has been from infancy a member of SS. Peter
and Paul's Church, is a member of the Parochial
School Building Association of that church, and of
the St. Vincent de Paul Society.

He is methodical and careful in all his business
transactions, uniformly courteous, and with an
attractive manner that easily wins confidence, while
his sterling worth enables him to retain as friends
those with whom he comes in contact. He is a good
organizer, easily comprehends the minute details of
what he undertakes, and is remarkably successful
'n his business enterprises. His moral character is
unblemished ; he possesses a high sense of honor,
IS both just and generous, and few among the
younger business men of Detroit are more deserv-
edly popular and influential.

He was married November 25, 1880, at Memphis,
Tennessee, to Emma Etheridge, only daughter of
Emerson Etheridge, of Tennessee. Their children
^^e: Frances Valerie, Justine Semmes, Charles
Emerson. Etheridge, John Bell Loyola, James
Granville and Marie Stephanie.

CYRENIUS ADELBERT NEWCOMB, son
Colonel Hezekiah Newcomb, was born November

10, 1837, in Cortland, New York. His grandfather,
Hezekiah Newcomb, was a well known and influ-
ential citizen in Northwestern Massachusetts, and
represented Bernardstown and Leyden in the State
Legislature or General Court of Massachusetts, for
more than twenty years. His father. Colonel
Hezekiah Newcomb, also served the State in the
same capacity, and was a widely respected teacher,
and later on was commissioned as Colonel of one of
the regiments of the New York Militia. His mother's
maiden name was Rounds. The ancestry of the
Newcomb family is easily traced for hundreds of
years. The Harlein manuscripts in the British
Museum gives the names of the Newcombs of
Devonshire from the year 1 1 89. The early history
of the Newcombs in this country is connected with
various portions of New England and eastern
Canada. In the family connection is the name of
Abigail Mather, daughter of the noted Rev. Increase
Mather. Her mother was the daughter of the cele-
brated Rev. John Cotton. The earliest known
American member of the family, Captain Andrew
Newcomb, lived in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1663,
and probably emigrated there from Wales or Devon-
shire. The family, at an early day, were large
land owners at Martha's" Vineyard and in other
parts of New England, and even in Arcadia, being
drawn there by the King's proclamation of 1761.
They occupied some of the lands from which the
French were so remorselessly driven. The old town
records of the far east disclose the fact that differ-
ent members of the family, at various periods,
held all the offices within the gift of the people.

The Newcombs were originally loyal church
members of the old Puritan stock, but in later years
some of them became prominent members of the
Methodist and Presbyterian Churches. Several
were college graduates at an early day, and the
ministerial, editorial, and educational professions,
as well as the guild of authors, are all represented
in the connection, and some of the family have
made large gifts to schools and colleges. Travelers
and scientists of note are also in the genealogical
list. During the Revolutionary War, some mem-
bers of the family served on the Union side, and
others under the British colors. Among the soldiers
of the War of 181 2, and also in the War with the
South, they are also represented.

After receiving the usual education afforded by
the schools of New England, Mr. C. A. Newcomb
began his business career in Hannibal, New York,
but when twenty years old he went to Taunton,
Massachusetts, where for some nine years he
served as clerk in the dry good stores of N. H.
Skinner & Company, and, becoming a partner,
continued two years longer. He then, in 1868,
removed to Detroit, and with Mr. Charles Endicott

1 164

MERCHANTS.

purchased the dry goods establishment and good
will of James W. Farrell, and under the firm name
of Newcomb, Endicott & Company, the business
remained in the Merrill Block, at the stand occupied
by their predecessors, for one year. To the surprise
of citizens generally, the following year the firm led
the march of business up Woodward Avenue, by
moving to and occupying the ground floor of the
then new Opera House Building, facing the Campus
Martins. Remaining here ten years, in 1879 they
again led the van in the march northward, and
moved to the large building erected for their occu-
pancy by D. M. Ferry, on the east side of Woodward
Avenue, just below State Street. Even here they
do not find sufficient room for their ever increasing
business. Various plans have been considered for
enlarging the capacity of their establishment, which
is already the largest of the kind in the city. As
an indication of the extent of their business, it may
be mentioned that of kid gloves alone, although
they are not a distinct specialty, their sales have
reached as high as forty thousand dollars in a single
year.

In addition to his extensive interests in connection
with this establishment, Mr. Newcomb is a large
stockholder in, and President of, the Imperial Life
Insurance Company, the Detroit Nut Lock Com-
pany, and the Michigan Railway Supply Company,

Mr. Newcomb w^as one of the organizers of the
Universalist Church, and contributed largely towards
the erection of the elegant church occupied by that
society. He can be counted upon as interested in
whatever concerns the moral welfare of his fellow-
citizens, and, in a practical way, to further every
institution that promises to be an advantage to the
city.

He is pronounced in his temperance sentiments,
and in the campaign of 1887, in favor of an amend-
ment to the constitution prohibiting the manufac-
ture or sale of liquor, was an active and influential
factor. As a business man, he is modest, sensible,
and successful; and conscientiously endeavors to
fulfill the duties belonging to good citizenship.

In 1867 he married MaryE. Haskell, daughter of
William Reynolds Haskell, of Hartford, Connecticut.
Their children are named William Wilmon, Cyrenius
Adelbert, Mary Queen, and Howard Rounds. Mrs.
Newcomb died November 17, 1887.

HENRY A. NEWLAND, senior partner in the
wholesale fur house of Henry A. Newland & Com-
pany, of Detroit, is the son of Adolphus Thayer
and Lucinda (Smith) Newland, and was born at
Hammondsport, Steuben County, New York, March
17, 1835. When quite young, his parents removed
to Palmyra, Wayne County, New York, where he
attended the High School, continuing his studies

until he began his very successful mercantile career
by becoming a clerk in the store of William H.
Cuyler, where he remained seven years.

In February, 1854, he came to Detroit, and
entered the house of F. Buhl & Company, whole-
sale hatters and furriers. Within three years he
had made himself so useful that in 1857 he was
admitted as a partner in the establishment, and
three years later the name of the firm was changed
to F. Buhl, Newland & Company. As a member
of this firm, he held a very responsible position, and
attended largely to the purchasing of the goods,
and was chief manager of the European branch of
their large operations, traveling extensively and
attending annually the large fur sales at London and
Leipzig.

In 1880 he retired from the firm above named,
and established the house of Henry A. Newland &
Company, which at once took the leading position in
their line, and is now the largest fur house west
of New York, employing from one hundred and
twenty-five to one hundred and fifty persons. It
exports raw furs extensively, and Mr. Newland con-
tinues his annual trips to the leading fur markets of
Europe.

In 1865 Mr. Newland was appointed by Governor
Crapo a member of the State Military Board, and
aid-de-camp to the Governor, with the rank of
Colonel. He served in this capacity during Gover-
nor Crapo's first term, and as chief of his staff during
his second term.

Mr. Newland is recognized as one of the most
enterprising and successful of the business men of
Detroit. He is possessed of excellent business
judgment, gives close attention to all the depart-
ments of his establishment, and is one of the best
buyers and judges of furs in the whole country.
In addition to his regular business, Mr. Newland is
interested in the Crystal City Glass Works, of
Bowling Green, Ohio.

His abilities, and the position he has secured, have
not made him unsocial, but on the contrary he is
always affable, courteous, willing to accommodate,
and, as a natural result, makes many friends, and
is a member of the Detroit and Grosse Pointe Clubs.

He was married March 11, 1862, to Emily A.
Burns, daughter of James Burns. She died June
18, 1 87 1. Their only surviving child is Helen L.
Newland. On March 7, 1877, Mr. Newland mar- ^
ried Martha Alger Joy. daughter of James F. Joy.
Mr. and Mrs. Newland have one living child, Mary
Joy Newland.

THOMAS PALMER, one of the pioneer Amer-
ican merchants of Detroit, was born in Ashford,
Windham County, Connecticut, February 4* '7^9'
The Palmers were among the earliest of the Pun-

l.....-/^<y^"^ .^^^^"-^--^-^

MERCHANTS.

I 165

tan pioneers. William Palmer, the first of the
name that arrived in this country, came in the ship
Fortune, in 1821, and settled in what is now Dux-
bury, Massachusetts. Walter Palmer followed in
1629, coming with John Endicott, who had in
charge six ships, containing upwards of four hun-
dred persons. Walter Palmer was one of the
original founders of Charlestown, Massachusetts,
but after various removals finally settled m Pawca-
tuch, no^ Stonington, Connecticut, where he was
appointed constable in 1658. He died there in 1661,
aged seventy-six years, leaving twelve children,
and from these children have sprung over sixty
thousand Palmers, whose records are preserved,
except in a few instances. The list of descendants
contains the names of a large number of persons
who occupy prominent places in history, among
whom are General Grant, a descendant from Walter
Palmer's eldest daughter Grace, General Joseph
Palmer, of Boston Tea Ship notoriety, who served
during the War of the Revolution, and who was an
intimate friend of John Adams. Many other notable
names are included in various branches of the family,
numbers of the name being clergymen, judges, and
civic officers.

Thomas Palmer's father married a Miss Barber,
and they had six sons and three daughters. The
grandfather, Thomas Barber, was engaged in the
Indian trade, and came to Detroit as early as
1763, bringing goods from Hartford, hauling them
from Hartford to Schenectady with oxen, freighting
them by boats up the Mohawk, and thence via
Wood Creek, Oneida Lake, and down the outlet
to Oswego, and from there by Lakes Ontario and
Erie, to Detroit. The goods were bartered with
the Indians for furs, and then in turn the furs were
transported over the same long and tedious route to
Hartford.

The story of these adventures, told to his grand-
sons, kindled in the minds of at least two of them,
a desire to seek their fortunes in the West, and in
the spring of 18 12. Thomas and Friend Palmer
brought a stock of goods from the East, and
opened a store about twenty miles below De-
troit, at Amherstburg, Ontario. On the declaration
of war, which occurred soon after, they were both
imprisoned as American citizens ; but after five
weeks' confinement, were liberated and put ashore
upon the American side, near Monguagon. They
then walked to Detroit, joined a company of volun-
teers commanded by Shubael Conant, and were
present at the surrender of Detroit to the British.
After the surrender, being permitted to return to
Maiden and secure their goods, they went to Can-
andaigua, New York, where they established a
store, remaining about four years.

In 1 816, Thomas Palmer returned to Detroit, and

opened a store, under the firm name of F. & T.
Palmer, Friend Palmer remaining in charge of the
store at Canandaigua. The two brothers also
established a branch store at Ashtabula, Ohio,
built flouring mills at Scio, New York, and for a
number of years did a very large and profitable busi-
ness. They became contractors for public works of
various kinds, and constructed many of the roads
leading out from Detroit. They also built and
owned a number of vessels, among which were the
"Tiger" and "Young Tiger," the former com-
manded by the well-known Captain Blake.

In 1820 Thomas Palmer built the first brick store
erected in Detroit, and in 1823 was one of the con-
tractors for the building of the Court House or
Capitol, which in recent years was occupied by the
High School. For erecting the building they re-
ceived the ten thousand acre tract and several
hundred city lots. The crisis of 1824 brought ruin
to Thomas Palmer's financial prospects, but he suc-
ceeded in paying all his debts, and was soon engaged
in new ventures. In 1828 he purchased the site of
the present city of St. Clair, erected saw-mills and
laid out a village, which was known as Palmer, and
did a large lumbering business there for many
years. From 1845 to 1847, Mr. Palmer was inter-
ested in various Lake Superior enterprises, but they
did not prove profitable. During this period he
coasted from Sault Ste. Marie to the head of Lake
Superior, and back, In a six-oared boat.

For several years following 1849, he was engaged
in a general land and insurance business.

During his earlier life in Detroit he was promi-
nent in the discharge of the duties of a good citizen.
He served as a trustee of the city in 18 19, as
an Alderman at large from 1826 to 1830, as asses-
sor in 1 83 1, and also at various times filled other
minor offices. In social life he was notably genial
and kind-hearted, and even in his business affairs
humorous and almost playful. If he had been less
easy and lenient with those who were his debtors,
it would have doubtless been to his pecuniary
advantage. He loved an active life, and enjoyed
doing business because of the active life it gave
him, rather than for the rewards that he obtained
or desired. He was one of the corporators of the
First Protestant Church of Detroit, and was always
interested in the religious and benevolent welfare
of the city. In every trial he acted the part of a
true man, and throughout life his conduct was irre-
proachable. In politics, Mr. Palmer was a Whig,
but became a Republican upon the organization of
that party, and ever took much interest in its success.

In 1 82 1 he married Mary A. Witherell, daughter
of Judge James Witherell. They had nine children,
of whom only Thomas W. Palmer, of Detroit, is
living. Of the other children, Julia £., who mar-

ii66

MERCHANTS.

riecl H. W. Hubbard, and after his death became
the wife of Hugh Moffat, died on November 20,
1880. Mary W., wife of Henry M. Roby, of Mon-
roeviile, Ohio, died in 1854; Sarah C, died unmar-
ried, in 1859. Thomas Palmer died on August 3,
1868, and his wife on March 20, 1874.

Mrs. Palmer was for sixty years a prominent
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of De-
troit, and in health, active in various Christian and
benevolent enterprises.

Her memory is fitly preserved in the beautiful
edifice known as the Mary W. Palmer Memorial
Methodist Episcopal Church, erected in 1884.

GEORGE PECK, the founder of one of the
oldest and largest dry goods establishments in the
State, is a lineal descendant of William Peck, who,
on account of religious persecutions, emigrated from
London in the year 1637, and became, in 1638,
with Governor Eaton, Thomas Buckingham, Rev.
John Davenport, and other sturdy New England
characters, one of the founders of the colony of
New Haven. Who that has the blood of the Puri-
tans is not proud of their upright and courageous
lives! The State of Michigan is especially to be
congratulated that their descendants, in such large
numbers, have here found a home.

George R. Peck was a farmer, in the town of
Lyme, Connecticut, and there, on the fifth of Novem-
ber, 1834, his son George was born. His boyhood
was spent on the farm, one of those rocky home-
steads so common in New England. He was edu-
cated in the district school and at Essex Academy.
Owing to an accident, which deprived him of the
partial use of one arm, he was obliged to seek some
light occupation, and on August 23, 1850, he entered
the dry goods store of J. B. Wells, of Utica, New
York, commencing in the lowest position. He
gained the confidence and respect of his employer,
and was rapidly advanced, and could have obtained
an interest in the business, but in the winter of
1856-7 his health failed, and he was compelled to
give up his position. He then sought to recruit his
health by traveling through the States of Illinois,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa. Returning from
the trip and stopping at Utica, New York, he entered
into partnership with J. W. Frisbie, and on August
6, 1857, they opened a dry goods house at 167
Jefferson Avenue, Detroit. They had hardly opened
before the great financial panic of that year swept
over the country, and thousands of firms were ruined.
By the hardest of work, however, they were able to
weather the storm, and continued in business for
three years. The firm was then dissolved.

On November i, i860, Mr. Peck started in busi-
ness alone at 137 Woodward Avenue, and at first
it scented as if fortune was certainly against him,

for the following year was probably one of the most
trying to American merchants that was ever known.
The War with the South began ; the banks every-
where failed ; gold and silver disappeared, and it
is safe to say that no one then foresaw what the
end would be. Mr. Peck and his wife, however,
hazarded every dollar that they possessed, and were
able, through fortuitous circumstances, to continue
in business, and at length fortune smiled, the era
of high prices was inaugurated, and after that time
he was prospered, the only drawback being an
extensive robbery of silks which occurred on Feb-
ruary 8, 1864. In October, 1871, he moved to the
new stores, 155 and 157 Woodward Avenue, con-
tinuing in business until February, 1877, when he
retired on account of failing health.

He always conducted his business in an honora-
ble manner, and so carefully was it managed that
he has never asked one day's favor of a creditor.

Mr. Peck is President of the Michigan Savings
Bank and of the Edison Illuminating Company,
and a director in the Detroit Fire and Marine
Insurance Company, and in the Pioneer Bank of
North Branch, Michigan. He is a leading member,
and for fifteen years has been one of the Trustees,
of the First Presbyterian Church. His record is
that of a careful, successful, and reliable merchant,
willing to promote, to the extent of his ability, all
legitimate enterprises that look to the prosperity or
social advancement of the city. He is a Republi-
can in politics, but has never desired or held any
political office.

He was married October 28, 1858, to Sarah F.
Butler, daughter of Samuel F. Butler, of Grand
Rapids, Michigan. It may be mentioned, as a
singular coincidence, that she was a direct descend-
ant of Thomas Buckingham, one of the founders
of the New Haven colony who came over in the
ship Hector, with his ancestor, William Peck. Mrs.
Peck died February 14, 1872, leaving four children,
Julia E., George B., Minna F., and Barton L.

JAMES E. PITTMAN has been identified with
Detroit since 1843. His active life covers a space
of upwards of forty years, during more than half of
which he has been connected with the military his-
tory of the city and the nation. The record of his
career is the history of a busy and energetic life, and
although he has reached three score years, the
characteristics of middle life are still conspicuous,
and give promise of vigorous continuance for many
years.

Mr, Pittman was born in Tecumseh, Lenawee
County, Michigan, September 5, 1826. His ancestry
is English, and on the paternal side of Quaker stock.
His father was born in Philadelphia, in 1 796, and
early in life settled in Kentucky. From thence he

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cZ^cZr^

(^.■C^

MERCHANTS.

II67

moved to New England, and later on lived success-
ively in Jefferson and Canandaigua Counties, New
York. His ambition pointed, however, to the West,
and he soon became one of the pioneers of Michigan,
and located in Tecumseh. His restless energy was,
however, still unsatisfied, and, in 1834, he, with
his family, migrated to Texas. In the Border War he
joined the army at Austin (now Houston), remained
in the service about a year, and then, finding the
country too unsettled, he and his family returned
to Tecumseh. He died at Ontonagon in 1868. His
son, James E. Pittman, after returning to Tecumseh,
at nine years of age, attended a private school, and
subsequently entered the local branch of the Uni-
versity of Michigan. Among his fellow students
were William Gray, Witter J. Baxter, and Joseph
Estabrook.

At the age of seventeen, Mr. Pittman came to
Detroit, and entered the service of Lawson, Howard
& Company, grain and commission merchants, at
the foot of Shelby Street. When the Mexican War
begun, Mr. Pittman was a member of the Brady
Guard, afterwards succeeded by the Grayson
Guard, and now well known as the Detroit Light
Guard, and in December, 1847, he enlisted in the
First Regiment Michigan Volunteers, and was made
Adjutant of the regiment under Colonel T. B. W.
Stockton and Lieutenant-Colonel Alpheus S. Wil-
liams. The regiment marched nearly all the way to
Cincinnati ; from there went by boat to New Orleans,
and thence by sailing vessel to Vera Cruz, where they
were formed into a division under General Bank-
head, United States Army, and were sent to garrison
Cordova and Orizaba. The next summer, peace
being declared, Mr. Pittman returned to Detroit,
arriving in July, 1848. Soon after reaching home,
he was mustered out of service, and entered E. W.
Hudson's commission house on Shelby Street.
Resigning his position here in 1852, he formed a
partnership with Edmund Trowbridge and J. Huff
Jones, in the commission and forwarding business,
under the firm name of Pittman, Trowbridge &
Jones. In 1855 the partnership was dissolved, and
Mr. Pittman joined the late Dr. E. M. Clark in
establishing a commission and coal business. In
1856, as Dr. Clark contemplated a European tour,
he withdrew, and the business was conducted
by Mr. Pittman until May, 1885, when he accepted
the appointment of Supermtendent of Police.
When Mr. Pittman entered the employ of E. W.
Hudson, in 1848, he was the only one dealing in
hard coal in the city, and in 1856, when he entered
the coal business on his own account, there were
but two or three other dealers in Detroit,

When President Lincoln called for State troops,
in 1 86 1, Mr. Pittman, with other leading citizens,
was summoned by Governor Blair to a confer-

ence at the Michigan Exchange. As the result of
this conference, General Alpheus S. Williams was
appointed to organize troops for the State, with
William D. Wilkins, Henry M. Whittlesey, and
James E. Pittman as staff officers. Soon after this,
Mr. Pittman was made a Paymaster of State troops,
with rank of Colonel. This appointment attached
him to the Governor's staff, and in that capacity he
went to the front and paid off the first four Michi-
gan regiments. In the fall of 1861, a School of
Instruction was established at Fort Wayne, where
the commissioned and non-commissioned officers
of the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Michigan regiments
were drilled, and Colonel Pittman was made second
in command. General Williams was soon appointed
Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and, with Wilkins
and Whittlesey, left for the front, leaving Colonel
Pittman in command. The following winter he was
appointed Inspector-General of State troops, and
went with Governor Blair to different parts of the
country. In the summer of 1862 he was detailed
to organize the Seventeenth Regiment of Michigan
Infantry, and, after having done so, turned the
command over to General Withington. At this
period, and for some time thereafter. Colonel Pitt-
man was a member of the State Military Board.
In 1865, with Governor Crapo, he went to Washing-
ton to attend the grand review of the Union troops.
The war having ended, Colonel Pittman resigned
his military appointment, and again entered earnestly
into business.

About 1868 Mr. Pittman was appointed, by Gov-
ernor Baldwin, one of the Trustees of the Michigan
Asylum for the Insane, at Kalamazoo. He has
also served as one of the Inspectors of the Detroit
House of Correction. His extended military expe-
rience, and the practical knowledge gained by
twelve continuous years of service as one of the
Commissioners of Police, by appointment of various
Governors, give him especial fitness for his present
position as Superintendent of Police. His appoint-
ment dates from May i, 1885.

He is an active member of the Protestant Epis-
copal Church. He was married in Pennsylvania in
1851.

WILLIAM REID, wholesale and retail paint
and glass merchant of Detroit, was born in Mersea,
Essex County, Ontario, August 19, 1842. His
father, John Reid, was a shipbuilder by trade, and
previous to leaving for America, superintended the
building of vessels for his father, who owned a ship-
yard at Stranraer, Scotland, and afterwards on the
Clyde. His mother's maiden name was Margaret
Bennett. Both of his parents were born in Scot-
land, but emigrated to this country in 1835, settling
at first in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and about 1 840

ii68

MERCHANTS.

removing to Western Canada. His father some
time later purchased a farm in Tilbury East, Kent
County, Ontario. ,

William Reid passed his earlier years working on
a farm and attending the public school. He came
to Detroit in 1861, attended school for a brief
period, after which he returned to Canada and
taught school until 1863. He then returned to De-
troit, took a course of practical instruction in book-
keeping and commercial business, and early in 1864
secured a clerkship in the office of a prominent law
firm of East Saginaw, remaining until the following
November, ^hen on account of ill health he was
compelled to relinquish work and return home.
During the greater part of the following year his
health was such as to confine him to his bed, but
by October he had so improved that he accepted
the position of bookkeeper for the painting and
decorating firm of Laible, Wright & Hopkins, of
Detroit. After about a year's service, Mr. Laible
and Mr. Hopkins retired from the firm and Mr. Reid
was admitted as partner, under the firm name of
Wm. Wright & Company. Their business at this
time was carried on at 197 Jefferson Avenue, but in
1868 they removed to 108 Woodward Avenue. In
1 87 1 Mr. Wright retired and Mr. Reid and Mr. B. C.
Hills assumed control of the business under the name
of Reid & Hills. By this time their business had
so increased that they were compelled to open branch
stores at Nos. 12 and 14 Congress Street East,
which were devoted to the paint and glass portions
of their business In January. 1879, the firm was
dissolved, Mr. Reid retaining the sole control of the
business pertaining to the paint and glass trade,
and continuing the same at the Congress Street
stores. Under his energetic management the busi-
ness increased so rapidly that in 1882, the present
wholesale stores. No. 73 and 75 Earned Street
West, were built expressly to meet the demands of
his trade, the old quarters on Congress Street
being retained as retail stores.

An important feature of the business is the plate
glass trade, and from 1867 to 1884, nearly all the
plale glass purchased by the firm was purchased of
New York importers, and for a few years preceding
1884, partly from American manufacturers, and by
them cut to such size as wanted. In 18S4 Mr.
Reid made a new departure and purchased several
car loads of American and imported plates, direct
from the factories, in sheets as manufactured, thus
obtaining as good figures and standing as the New
York importers. This bold move offended some of
the manufacturers, who for years had controlled
the sales of plate glass in the West, and they deter-
mined to destroy his business, and as a means to
this end. at a meeting of the managers of the four
American plate glass factories, representing several

millions of capital, held at Chicago, it was deter-
mined to reduce the price of plate glass in Michi-
gan and adjoining territory, twenty to twenty-five
per cent., and as the margin on plate glass is only
about five per cent., they concluded he would be
forced to return to his former method of obtaining
supplies. They also insisted that the American
factory which had entered into a contract to supply
Mr. Reid with glass, should cancel the agreement.
Mr. Reid, however, did not despair. A conference
was held with the managers of the factory w^ho had
agreed to furnish him with glass, and he convinced
them of the unfairness of reducing prices in Michi-
gan, and the injustice of the means by which it was
proposed to crush fair and honorable competition.
As the result of this conference, they withdrew
from the combination, and he was selected as
one of a syndicate to take their entire product.
Although thus successful in his plans, Mr. Reid did
not attempt to compete in the territory where the
remaining three factories for some time maintained
reduced prices to their own loss, but he extended
his sales from Buffalo to Kansas City, and from
Duluth to New Orleans, in fields where fair prices
and just competition prevailed, and the unfair at-
tempt to destroy legitimate competition, used
against Mr. Reid, resulted in making Detroit as
good a plate glass market as there is in the country,
and he now sells more glass in a single month than
he did formerly in a year.

In addition to his sales of plate glass, Mr. Reid
is a large dealer and importer of fancy window
and colored glass, keeping the largest and best
assorted stock west of New York City.

As a business man he has shown great energy
and sagacity, and has proved himself not only able
to develop, but successfully manage large enter-
prises. He is careful and methodical, but has
had the courage to undertake business ventures
that some men would not dare to attempt. Always
affable, cool and clear-headed, he naturally makes
a favorable impression upon those with whom he
comes in contact. He has devoted himself to his
business with such a singleness of purpose that it
has made him a thorough master of every detail,
and in his line of trade his firm stands at the head
of all establishments west of New York City. He
was reared as a Presbyterian, but is now an adher-
ent of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Politically
he is a Republican, but takes little part in party
management, and has no desire for political honors.
He was married to Mary Powell, of Detroit,
November 9, 1869. They have had seven children,
five of whom are living.

WILLIAM D. ROBINSON was born in Eng-
land, March 21, 1839. His father occupied a high

^!%i2^'^?^2-c::<-*^'«'Z^-__

"^

MERCHANTS.

1 169

position under the English Government, and con-
trolled several very extensive sugar plantations in
the West Indies. His grandfather was for many-
years President of the Grand Trunk Canal Company
of England.

William D. Robinson, learned the retail shoe
business in Rochester, New York, and from there
he went to Binghamton, New York, and acquired a
thorough knowledge of the wholesale and manu-
facturing business, and came to Detroit in 1862, and
for a short time represented a manufacturing house.
Upon severing his connection with this firm he
went to Boston, Massachusetts, and entered the
large manufacturing establishment of Underwood,
Cochrane & Company, taking charge of the sales
of the house in the Western States. In the spring
of 1865 he proposed to the firm foopen a wholesale
house at Detroit, and the same year they established
a store at 116 Jefferson Avenue, under the firm
name of Underwood, Cochrane & Company, the
resident members of the firm being William D. and
Henry S. Robinson, who had the entire charge of
the business.

In 1867 the firm was dissolved, and the Messrs.
Robinson, with James Burtenshaw, bought out the
interests of the Boston partners, and formed a new
firm, under the style of W. D. Robinson, Burtenshaw
& Company, which continued until 1875. During
this time they built up a large jobbing and manu-
facturing trade. In 1875 the firm was dissolved,
W. D. Robinson continuing the jobbing interest,
under the style of W. D. Robinson & Company, at
180 and 182 Jefferson Avenue, until 1887, and was
succeeded by the- New York and New England
Shoe Manufacturers* Selling Company, located
at 47 Jefferson Avenue. Mr. Robinson's connec-
tion with the last named firm closed in 1888, and
he has since devoted his attention to real estate,
and to several corporations in which he has become
interested.

He is conservative yet bold and enterprising in
his business transactions, abreast with modern ideas
and improvements, and a close observer.

He was married December 22, 1862, to Abigail,
daughter of M. Dyer, of Rochester, New York.
They have two sons, Charles W. and Edwin S.
The former is in the real estate business. Both Mr.
and Mrs. Robinson are members of Grace Episco-
pal Church.

ALANSON SHELEY, of Detroit, was born at
Albany, New York, August 14, 1809. When nine
years old, he went to Jefferson County, New York,
^ith his grandparents, who settled in the woods
^nd commenced clearing a farm. Here, until he
^as sixteen, he assisted his grandfather in the labors

of the farm, attending, as opportunity offered, the
district school. His first important ent,erprise was
the taking of a raft of timber from Fisher's Landing,
on the St. Lawrence River, to Quebec, successfully
" shooting " the rapids, and disposing of the raft at
good prices. At the age of sixteen, he commenced
learning the trade of a stone-mason and builder,
and at the end of three years' apprenticeship was
employed as a foreman in the construction of the
Rideau Canal, in Canada.

In the summer of 1831 he started from Buffalo,
on the steamboat " William Penn," and came to
Detroit, then the farthest westerly point to which
steamboats carried passengers. The following year
he received an appointment from the United States
Government to superintend the erection of a stone
lighthouse at Thunder Bay. The structure then
erected is still standing, and is the only one on the
lakes, erected at that date, that is now in use.
After the completion of the lighthouse, he returned
to Detroit, and for several years followed the busi-
ness of a builder and contractor. In 1835 he
became general manager of the Black River Steam
Mill and Lumber Company, chartered by the Terri-
torial Government the previous year. He remained
with the company until the expiration of its charter
in 1855, and for the three years following carried
on the lumber business on his own account. In
1859 he entered into a partnership as one of the
firm of Jacob S. Farrand & Company, wholesale
and retail druggists. The present extensive and
well known firm of Farrand, Williams & Company,
with which Mr. Sheley is connected, represents the
maturity of the same establishment. During the
earlier growth of the business, Mr. Sheley was
especially active in its financial management, and
contributed valuable aid by his good judgment,
tireless exertions, and the influence of his widely
recognized moral worth. He is a director and
shareholder in the First National Bank, largely
interested in the Michigan Mutual Life Insurance
Company, in the Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance
Company, and in the Detroit and Cleveland Steam
Navigation Company. He is also an extensive real
estate owner in Detroit and Port Huron, and has
some valuable pine land investments.

Politically, he has ever been an active factor in
his city and State. In early life he was a Whig,
but assisted in the organization, in 1854, "under
the oaks " at Jackson, of the Republican party, and
has since been one of the staunchest supporters of
the principles which it has advocated. During a
most active business career, actuated by commend-
able public spirit, he has served the city and State
in several important official positions. For five
years he was a member of the Common Council of
the city, and for ten years a member of the Sewer

1 170

MERCHANTS.

Commission and Board of Review. In the latter
position, his plain honesty and knowledge of real
estate values were of decided worth to his fellow-
citizens. He represented the first district of Michi-
gan in the State Senate two terms, serving in the
sessions of 1867-68, and 1871-72, and his practical,
liberal, and broad-minded views of public questions,
and pure and disinterested motions, made him a
valuable legislator. He is one of the oldest sur-
viving members of the First Presbyterian Church
of Detroit, of which for many years he was ruling
elder, and for over forty years either assistant or
Superintendent of its Sunday-school. He has taken
an active part in building up numerous religious
institutions, and has contributed liberally to their
support.

Strong in his personal friendship, and of gener-
ous impulses, he is always ready to extend a helping
hand to a friend, or to relieve distress. In personal
appearance he is over six feet in height, and of
large proportions. He has always been a man of
great muscular strength, united to fearless physical
courage. In early manhood he was very fond of
athletic sports, particularly of wrestling. Some of
the older citizens of Detroit remember the election
skirmishes and collisions which took place at the
old City Hall, when the partisanship of the electors
was heated to a boiling point. In these contests
Mr. Sheley was invariably the recognized leader of
the Whig faction. In 1837, at the first ^State elec-
tion, Messrs. Stillson, Mason, and McKinstry, lead-
ing Democrats, with their followers, took possession
of the polls, and would not allow the Whig voters
to deposit their ballots. Among the Whigs present
were Zachariah Chandler, Alanson Sheley, John
Owen, Jacob M. Howard, George C. Bates, and
Asher Bates. In a skirmish which ensued, Mr.
Sheley was a tower of strength, but the pressure
was such that he retreated to the National Hotel,
then located on the site of the present Russell
House. There, placing his back to the wall, he
withstood, almost alone, the combined assault of
those who sought to molest him.

His moral courage has ever been as conspicuous
as his physical bravery. A cause he considers
right, he would defend without wavering, should he
stand alone. With great force of character, indom-
itable perseverance, and rugged determination, he
has been especially active in the temperance move-
ment, through the various progressive steps of this
reform, aiding both by personal work and by the
contributions of money. No braver defender of
the cause of temperance, or more consistent advo-
cate of right principles, can be found in all the city.

Notwithstanding his advanced age, he possesses
vigorous health, and personally attends to his numer-
ous business engagements with zeal and promptness.

He lives on spacious grounds on Stimson Place,
where, surrounded by his children and their families,
he is quietly and unostentatiously spending the latter
years of a long and useful life, honored and revered.
He was married on September i, 1835, to Ann
Elizabeth Drury. They have had eight children,
three of whom are living, two daughters, Mrs. D. W.
Brooks and Mrs. L E. Clark, and a son, George A.
Sheley, who enlisted in February, 1 863, as private in
the First Michigan Light Artillery. He was pro-
moted in August, 1863, to a Second Lieutenancy.
His regiment formed a part of General Burnside's
Ninth Corps, in East Tennessee, but was after-
wards joined to the Twenty-second Corps. He was
wounded while scouting in West Virginia, in May,
1864, and discharged, on account of wounds, in
September of the same year.

OSIAS W. SHIPMAN was born at Pierstown,
Otsego County, New York, January 29, 1834, and
is the son of Horace and Abby Ann (Williams)
Shipman. Soon after his birth, his parents removed
to Norwich, Chenango County, New York, where
for five or six years his father engaged in milling
and in the manufacture of lead pipe, after which he
removed with his family to Fort Plain, New York,
and there, at the Fort Plain Seminary, O. W. Ship-
man received the principal portion of his school
education. After a residence of four years at Fort
Plain, he accompanied his parents to a large farm in
Union, Broome County, New York. They resided a
year at Union, and then his father purchased from
his brother Orlando a grist mill, plaster mill, and
farm, at Athens, Pennsylvania, and removed there,
leaving O. W. Shipman and an elder brother to
manage the farm at Union. After two years of
great success and an immense amount of hard
work, they joined their father at Athens, where the
subject of this sketch remained until his twenty-first
year. He, with another young man, then engaged in
the grocery trade at Waverly, a short distance from
his father's home, but soon bought out his partner's
share and continued the store alone, and by the
exercise of good business judgment, and untiring
exertion, he rapidly established an extensive trade,
and for several years his annual sales exceeded
1125,000 per year. During the extended strike of
the Erie Railroad employees in 1870, Mr. Ship-
man's services were secured by the company to
assist in operating their line in opposition to the
strikers. His efforts in this direction were particu-
larly valuable to the company, but he aroused the ill-
will of the former railroad employees and some of
the more lawless, in retaliation, set fire to his busi-
ness block and it was completely destroyed. He
immediately rebuilt, on a more extensive plan, one
of the largest and finest business houses in Waver-

c

MERCHANTS.

I 171

ly, but in 1872 sold out his business and went to
New York City, and in the interest of New York
capitalists, visited Utah to inspect a silver mine, in
which, on a favorable report being received, they
proposed to invest a large sum of money. Mr.
Shipman being convinced that the mine was com-
paratively worthless, so advised them, and saved
them from heavy losses. These same parties were
then building a railroad from Newark, Ohio, to the
Shawnee coal fields. Mr. Shipman purchased a
quarter interest in the Shawnee Coal Company, and
after the completion of the railroad, had charge of
the coal-fields and shipping department at Shaw-
nee, and during the latter years of his connection
with the business, which extended to 1880, he had
brought the mines up to the capacity of one hun-
dred car loads of coal per day.

In 1874 he established a coal agency in Detroit,
but through lack of management on the part of the
resident operator, the venture failed of success.
During the following year Mr. Shipman removed to
Detroit and personally took charge of the business
in this city. His relations to the coal company,
and the railroad facilities he enjoyed by his con-
nection with the Newark and Shawnee road, made
the development of an immense trade possible,
and to-day he is the most extensive coal dealer
in the State of Michigan, and disposes of 6oo,cxx)
to 7oo,ocx) tons yearly, representing a value of over
$1,500,000. He supplies several railroads with
coal, and his trade extends through Michigan, sev-
eral Western States and to Canada. He deals in all
kinds of coal and firewood, and has recently opened
a mine of his own in Athens County, Ohio. He
is President of the Frontier Iron & Brass Company,
and connected with the Fire Proof Paint Company,
of Chicago, and is a stockholder in the Commer-
cial National and the American National Banks of
Detroit.

As a business man he is possessed of indomita-
ble purpose, is persistent in every undertaking, and
cannot be contented unless he has developed every
possibility in any enterprise he has undertaken, and
he devotes all the power and energy he possesses to
achieve his purposes. His exe^utive^and^adnMiis-
trative abilities have been tested in many ways,
^nd he has been found equal to every occasion.
In the commercial community he is justly recog-
nized as an upright bu^ness man, while his private
"fe is above reproach. For many years he has
taken an active interest in the Masonic fraternity,
and has secured the highest degrees possible to be
obtained in the United States. He is a member of
St. John's Episcopal Church, and for three years
has been a vestryman.

He was married in June, 1856, to Emily L. Corn-
stock, of Newark Valley, New York. They have

two daughters, Mrs. F. B. Stevens and Mrs. H. S.
Lewis, of Circleville, Ohio.

AARON LANE WATKINS was born at Water-
loo, New York, December 26, 1824, and is the son of
Stephen and Jane (Clark) Watkins, who were both
natives of Philadelphia, They settled in Waterloo
at an early day, and had eleven children, three of
whom are living— Aaron L., Charles, and Julia
Chamberlain, widow of the late J. P. Butterfield,
of Goshen, Indiana.

Aaron Lane Watkins lived at Waterloo until he
was twenty-two years old ; he was educated at the
public schools of that village and in the Canandai-
gua Academy, where he acquired some knowledge
of the classics and a good English education, his
tastes inclining him to mathematics and the exact
sciences. After finishing his education he taught
school for a time in his native town, and then, as
he had determined to enter the legal profession, he
studied law at Waterloo, New York, and in 1847
came to Detroit and completed his studies in the
office of Chancellor Farnsworth, and was admitted
to the bar in 1848. Soon after his being admitted
to practice, he went to Grand Rapids for the pur-
pose of engaging in law business with Lucius Pat-
terson, of that city, but being called to New York,
he spent" a year there, and on his return to Detroit
was for two years engaged in teaching in the pub-
lic schools. In 1852 he entered the insurance office
of Bachman & Fisher, as accountant and book-
keeper, remaining for some time, and then again
served as teacher, and from 1855 to 1864 was prin-
cipal of the junior department of the Barstow School.

In 1864, with Mr. C. H. Wolff, he engaged in the
manufacture and sale of trunks, under the firm name
of Watkins, Wolff & Company, continuing until
1870, when he sold his interest and retired from the
firm. During his connection with the firm they
conducted a large business, that was successful in
its financial results. Since his retirement from the
firm, Mr. Watkins has not been in active business,
but in 1870 became a special partner in the firm of
H. F. Swift & Brother, wholesale druggists, and has
remained with them and their successors, Swift &
Dodds, and John J. Dodds & Company, until the
present time. He has also been engaged in the
settlement of several estates.

He is possessed of excellent business qualifica-
tions and of strict integrity, is conservative in the
use of his means, but gives to charitable objects
which commend themselves to his judgment. Lead-
ing rather a quiet and retired life, he spends a share
of his time with his books, and is well-informed,
both in current and general literature. In political
faith he is a Republican, but takes no active part in
political affairs.

I I 72

MERCHANTS.

He was married January 31, 1854 to Climena D.
Walker, daughter of Levi Walker, of Lyons, New
York. They have one child, Jennie Clark Watkins.

FREDERICK WETMORE was born in W" hites-
town, Oneida County, New York, on August 7,
1 81 3. He was a son of Amos and Lucy 01m-
stead Wetmore, who were both natives of Con-
necticut. In company with the family of Judge
White, they removed to Whitestown after the War
of the Revolution. Amos Wetmore was a farmer
and mill owner, operating both a grist and saw mill.
His eldest son, Charles P. Wetmore, was the father
of Charles H. Wetmore, of Detroit, of Mrs. James
McMillan, and of the late Mrs. Cleveland Hunt.

Frederick Wetmore was the seventh child of a
family of six sons and three daughters. In his youth
he prepared for college, but ill health prevented
him from pursuing his studies, and at the age of
seventeen he went to Pittsburgh, and acted as clerk
for his elder brother, who was engaged in the
crockery business. In 1836 he entered into the
transportation business at Pittsburgh, on his own
account, continuing it until the fall of 1841. About
this time, in traveling to New York, he formed the
acquaintance of two English crockery manufac-
turers. They proposed to join him in business at
Detroit, and an arrangement was made by which
they shipped their goods direct to his establishment.
In 1844 he bought out the interests of his English
partners, and for ten years conducted the business
alone. His nephew, Charles H. Wetmore, then
became his partner, under the firm name of F. Wet-
more & Company.

For a period of forty-two years, Mr. Wetmore 's
name was familiar to the people of Michigan, both
in business circles and in social and moral enter-
prises. He was identified with Detroit during the
period of its growth, from a frontier town to its
present proportions as a metropolitan city — its rail-
road communications and chief commercial interests
being developed in his day. He saw the popula-
tion several times doubled, with its streets, avenues,
parks, and all public and private improvements of
the city, keeping pace with its progress in popula-
tion. It may be truly said of him : All this he saw
and part of it he was, for he was active in many
ways in promoting the welfare of the city, as well
as honorable and successful in his own private
affairs.

Aside from his mercantile pursuits, he dealt
largely in real estate, owning a farm near Detroit
and property in the city, and also in Chicago. As
a business man he was strictly honest and upright
in all his dealings, and proverbially polite and
courteous towards all with whom he came in con-
tact.

He was a Republican in politics but took no
active part in political affairs. His religious con-
nection was with the Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian
Church, of which he was an elder for many years.
Both in the church and in all his domestic and
social relations, his life was singularly pure and
exemplary, and he possessed a marked individuality
of character, which impressed itself upon all who
were brought into intimate relations with him. His
natural diffidence caused his voice to be seldom
heard in the public meetings of the church, but his
counsel and advice were always sought in matters
pertaining to its welfare.

It was an invariable rule with him to leave his
business behind when he left the store, and whether
at home or in society, he was always ready to
enjoy the domestic or social intercourse of the
hour, and his unusual memory, large fund of in-
formation and uniform courtesy, made him a
desirable companion at all social gatherings. In
his own family these traits were none the less con-
spicuous, and he was respected and loved for traits
of character that constrained admiration and regard.

Mr. Wetmore was twice married. His first
wife was Cornelia P. Willard, a niec^ of Judge
Piatt, formerly a resident of Detroit. They were
married at Albany, New York, in 1845 ; Mrs. Wet-
more died in 1843, leaving two sons, one of whom
died in infancy, the other, Edward W. Wetmore,
late Professor of Chemistry and Philosophy in the
Detroit High School, is now at Essex, Connecticut.
On August 15, 18,50, Frederick Wetmore was mar-
ried to Anna Mary Curtenius, of Lockport, New
York, a lineal descendant of Peter T. Curtenius, of
Revolutionary fame, who led the assault on the
monument of George III. in Bowling Green, in the
city of New York. They had six children, four
of whom, Blanche, Ernest Curtenius, John Olm-
stead, and Frederick Amos, are living.

Mr. Wetmore, during early life, traveled exten-
sively in the United States, and some years ago
made an extended tour in Europe. He died March
25, 1883, in the seventieth year of his age.

GEORGE COLLIDGE WETHERBEE, of
Detroit, was born at Harvard, Worcester County,
Massachusetts, July 27, 1840, and is the son of
Zophar and Sarah (Collidge) Wetherbee. An apti-
tude for hotel business seems to be inherent in the
family. His grandfather formerly kept a hotel at
Harvard, and subsequently, for more than forty
years, his father was proprietor of the same house.
Two of the brothers of Mr. Wetherbee have gained
a wide reputation as successful managers of two 01
the finest hotels in New York, Gardner Wetherbee
being proprietor of the Windsor, and Charles Weth-
erbee of the Buckingham Hotel. Another brother,

MERCHANTS.

I 173

Frederick Wetherbee, is connected with a whole-
sale dry goods house in the same city. Their
parents are still living, the father at the age of
eighty-four, and the mother at the age of seventy-
nine.

The early life of George C. Wetherbee was with-
out special interest. He attended the district school,
and being of an active, restless disposition, engaged
in various employments in his native village. At
the age of eighteen he went to Boston, and entered
a provision store, where he remained about a year
and a half, when an injury to his knee obliged him
to stop work and return home, where he remained
until the breaking out of the War with the South.
Almost at the beginning of the strife, he enlisted as
a private in Company H, Twenty-third Massachu-
setts Volunteer Infantry, for a period of three years,
or until the close of the war. His regiment formed
a part of General Burnside's command, and was •
stationed for a few months at Annapolis, Maryland,
then at Hatteras Inlet, and participated in the cap-
ture of Roanoke Island and Newburn, North
Carolina. At the latter place Mr. Wetherbee was
detailed as commissary of the company. After
about eighteen months' service, during which he
participated in all the campaigns and engage-
ments of his regiment, he was promoted to a First
Lieutenancy by Governor John J. Andrew, of Massa-
chiisetts, and was shortly after assigned to duty as
acting Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, on
the staff of General Foster, and ordered to Roan-
oke Island. Here his services again commanded
approval, and on August 19, 1863, he received
a commission from President Lincoln, as Captain
and Assistant Commissary of Subsistence of United
States Volunteers. Subsequently, w^hen General
B. F. Butler came to Fortress Monroe, and began
the formation of the Army of the James, Captain
Wetherbee was ordered to report to him, and was
there attached to the staff of General Devens. He
served with the Army of the James during the
memorable campaign which included the capture of
City Points, the especially severe fighting at Cold
Harbor, and the capture of Richmond by the com-
bined armies of the James and the Potomac. In the
advance on and capture of the latter city, Captain
Wetherbee acted as volunteer aid in General De-
vens's divisioti, and while there, in July, 1865, he
resigned and was honorably discharged. His mili-
tary career was reco|^nized by the award, on June
24» 1865, of the brevet r^nk of Major for meritorious
services.

After a visit of tWo months At home, in the fall
of 1865 he canie to Detroit^ and With the small sum
oi money saved frortl his pay in the service, he
engaged in the produce business, but it proved a
disastrous investment and he lost nearly all his sav-

ings. He then embarked in the grocery business on
Woodward Avenue, where the Godfrey Block now
stands, with S. S. Farquhar, under the firm name
of Farquhar & Wetherbee. Continuing the busi-
ness with success for nearly two years, he then sold
out and purchased C. M. Garrison's interest in the
wooden and willow ware store of \\ illiam Saxby &
Company, then located nearly opposite the Board
of Trade building, on Woodbridge Street. In 1873
he purchased Mr. Saxby's interest in the business,
at which time the late Governor John J. Bagley
became a special partner, and the firm name of
George C. Wetherbee & Company was adopted.
In 1876 Mr. Wetherbee purchased Mr. Bagley 's
interest, and continued the business alone until
1882, when it was incorporated, since which time
he has been President and general manager. Their
manufacturing plant, located on Vinewood Avenue,
is one of the largest and most complete of its kind
in the West. In 1873 Mr. Wetherbee began the
manufacture of brooms at the State Prison, at
Jackson, and this branch of his business has grown
to be the most extensive broom factory in the State,
more than 30,000 brooms being turned out every
month. In 1883 he was chiefly instrumental in the
organization of the United States Truck Company,
of which he is President. The success of this
enterprise has been great and rapid. He is also
President of the Novelty Brush Company, organized
in 1887. Over one hundred and twenty-five men
find employment in these enterprises, including six
traveling salesmen. Their wooden and willow ware
trade is confined principally to Michigan and por-
tions of Indiana and Ohio, while the market for
their trucks and brushes extends throughout the
United States.

He is the President and principal owner of the
Michigan Elevator and Engine Company, and is
also a director in the Manufacturers' and Mutual
Insurance Company, of Detroit, and in the Thomas
Ink and Bluing Company, of Canada, also a director
and treasurer of Detroit Vise Company. He is a
member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Post
No. 348 ; a member of the Loyal Legion, and of
the Ancient Order of United Workmen.

The success Mr. Wetherbee has achieved in a
line of manufacture requiring untiring and close
application to innumerable details, is the best evi-
dence of his excellent business capacity. He has
been the main factor in the creation and develop-
ment of several enterprises, which have not only
placed him among the successful manufacturers of
Detroit, but have materially added to the prosperity
of his adopted city.

He is a regular attendant, and for many years
has been a Trustee, of the Unitarian Church. His
untiring industry, power of close and continued

1174

MERCHAN IS.

application, broad business views, and a reputation
for unquestioned honor and honesty, have been the
secret of his success. He possesses decided con-
victions, and is not afraid to express them, but has
also a warm and social nature, and wins and retains
the regard and friendship of business associates.

He was married January 22, 1867, to Mary E.
Phelps, of Springfield, Massachusetts. They have
two children, a son and a daughter.

HENRY KIRKE WHITE, of the firm of D. M.
Ferry & Co., seedsmen, was born in Unadilla Cen-
ter, Otsego County, New York, May 26, 1839. His
ancestors were English, and settled in Connecticut
at a very early date, his parents living there until
1834, when they removed to Unadilla Center, New
York. Mr. White was next to the youngest in a
family of six sons and one daughter, and was
named after the well-known author.

At three years of age he was sent to live with an
uncle and aunt whose home had been made deso-
late by the loss of their only child. The attach-
ment became so great that he continued as a mem-
ber of their household, and attended the district
school at that place until about ten years of age. In
1 849 his uncle's family removed to North Walton,
Delaware County, New York, and he accompanied
them, and there continued his studies until his
uncle's death, in 1853. His parents then desired
him to return home, but, although only fifteen, he
decided to start out for himself, and the following
summer hired out as a farm hand at six dollars a
month and board. In the fall of that year he re-
turned to North Walton, making his home with his
aunt, attending the winter term of school, and
doing general farm work for his board. The
school was of a very high order, and his studies
embraced chemistry, algebra, Latin, and other high
branches not usually taught in a district school.
He was a close student, and midnight often found
him pouring over his studies by the light of a pine
knot or a tallow dip. The next summer found him
working upon a farm with wages increased to ten
dollars a month. The savings of the six months'
labor this season enabled him to pursue his studies
at the academy at Gilbertsville, Otsego County,
during the winter. Here he made rapid progress,
studying night and day. At the close of this term,
his funds being entirely exhausted, he again hired
out for four months in the summer, and attended
the fall term at the academy. In the winter of
1856 and '57, when but seventeen years old, he
taught school, at the same time continuing his
studies. His services, as a teacher, were sought
for the following winter, but, believing that the

western country possessed superior advantages for
young men, he started westward on October i,
1857, with twenty-five dollars in his pocket. Arriv-
ing in St. Louis, he found that he had but one
dollar, and with that he purchased a ticket to
Summerfield, Illinois. Soon after reaching this
place he secured a teachership in a neighboring
school, which place he held for a year and a half,
when, his health becoming impaired through the
miasma of that section, he decided to visit the
home of his youth.

Stopping at Detroit to visit friends, he was
offered a position with M. T. Gardner & Company,
the predecessors of the now famous seed house of
D. M. Ferry & Company. He began work for the
first named firm at tw^enty-five dollars a month, and
and this was the turning point in his life. Believ-
ing in the future of the seed business, he continued
in their employ, with gradually increasing compen-
sation each year, and in 1865 he was admitted as a
member of the firm. In 1879 the firm was merged
into a corporation and Mr. White was elected
treasurer, which office he has since held. The his-
tory of this house since 1859, is largely connected
with his own. He has devoted his entire time,
energy, and thought, to its honor and advancement,
contributing his full quota towards bringing it up to
its present state of prosperity.

In 1877 Mr. White made a European tour, visiting
all the principal places of interest, and in 1884 again
went abroad, accompanied by his family. In Jan-
uary, 1886, he was called home on account of the
destruction of the seed house by fire, on the first
day of that month, his family remaining until July
following. Mr, White and family spend the greater
part of the summer at the charming village of
Siasconset, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, where
he owns fourteen cottages, thirteen of which he rents
to families by the season.

He is a director and large stockholder in the
Merchants and Manufacturers' National Bank, a
director in the Michigan Fire and Marine Insurance
Company, the Gale Sulky Harrow Works, the
Acme White Lead and Color Works, the Leonard
Glass Works, and the Detroit Home and Day
School. He is also a stockholder in the Detroit Gas
Company, and Vice-President of the Eagle Iron
Works* He is a member and trustee of Westmin-
ster Presbyterian Church, and gave largely towards
its erection, and is also a methodical and liberal
giver to all worthy causes, giving systematically and
conscientiously. He was married to Christine
Amanda Fortier, in Monroe, Michigan, November
19, 1863. They have had six children, four of
whom are now living, three sons and one daughter.

/yZy^-^-j^o-yp^ / xJaUy^

Ciyt^^

CHAPTER XCV.

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

WILLIAM SMEAD ARMITAGE was born in
Vernon, Oneida County, New York, June ii, 1830,
and was the son of William and Rosina Armitage.
The family were of New England ancestry, but
had been residents of Oneida County for many years.
He was educated at Vernon Academy and also at-
tended Cazenovia Seminary. In 1853 he entered
into mercantile business at Verona, and was thus
employed until 1865, serving also as Postmaster at
Verona from 1861 to 1865. In 1867 he removed
to Oneida, New York, and became a partner in the
firm of Seeley & Armitage. They soon became
the leading and most influential establishment in
Oneida, and did a very large and prosperous busi-
ness. At the end of five years Mr. Armitage
retired from the firm, and came to Detroit to act as
Secretary and Treasurer of the American Plate
Glass Company. Their works were located at
Crystal City, Missouri, and formed one of the many
mammoth corporations organized by the late Cap-
tain Eber B. Ward.

After the death of Captain Ward, Mr. Armitage
became Secretary and Treasurer of the Eureka
Iron Company, of Detroit and Wyandotte, a»d
acted in that important and responsible position
until 1885. ^^ that year the corporation known as
the Galvin Brass and Iron Works was organized,
and Mr. Armitage was made its Secretary and
Treasurer, and remained in charge of its interests
until shortly before his death.

Mr. Armitage was prominent among the business
men of Detroit, and was especially at home in
manufacturing enterprises, and well informed in all
the details pertaining to the manufacture of iron
and brass. He was a man of sterling integrity and
was the thoroughly trusted custodian of various
large and important interests, and proved faithful
to every trust. Always energetic, active, methodical
and painstaking, he was not satisfied unless he knew
that all the affairs with which he had to do were
well and properly conducted. In social life he was
modest and unassuming, with strong domestic tastes,
and a courteous and winning manner, which en-
deared him to all with whom he was associated.

He was an earnest and devout member of the
First Presbyterian Church, of Detroit, and his
decease was greatly regretted by all who had any
knowledge of his worth and many excellencies.
He died January 28, 1887. His wife and one
daughter are si ill living.

ABSALOM BACKUS, Jr.. was born in Her-
kimer County, New York, September 7, 1824, and
is the son of Absalom and Mary (Hildreth) Backus.
He attended a common district school until fourteen
years of age, and a more advanced school for three
subsequent winters, in the city of Auburn, New
York. At the age of twenty-one, he engaged in
building a telegraph line from Syracuse to Niagara
Falls, uniting Canada and the United States by a
wire across the river at Queenstown, opposite
Brock's monument, and building a line eight hun-
dred miles long in Canada, reaching to Little
Mettice, on the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

In 1848 he married Sarah E. Stevens, of Pratts-
burgh, Steuben County, New York, and settled in
Auburn, New York, as a contractor and builder.
In 1853 he moved to Chaumont, Jefferson County,
New York, and engaged in the grain, lumber, and
farming business. During the war he rendered
substantial aid to the Union army by assisting to
raise troops, pledging to many men who enlisted to
care for their families, which pledge was faithfully
fulfilled. In 1867 he moved his family and settled in
Detroit. The same year, in association with his
brother Albert, he formed the firm known as Backus
& Brother, built a gang saw mill and large improve-
ments at Au Sable, Michigan, and established
in Detroit a lumber yard and planing mill, at the
foot of Eleventh Street, on the site of the old
Richardson match factory. In 1872 he built a
large brick planing mill at what is now the foot of
Twelfth Street, and purchased and improved a
dock at the foot of Eighteenth-and-a-Half Street,
Detroit, and also built mills at Taymouth and
Harrisville, Mich., and a hardwood mill in Indiana.
In 1875 he sold the Au Sable mill to J. E. Potts,
and the Harrisville mill to George L. Colwell. In

[1175]

1 1/6

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1877 he bought out his brother Albert's interest in
the business, and associated his two sons with him
in business at Detroit, under the name of A. Backus,
Jr. & Sons, and in 1885 a stock company was
formed. On October 24, 1882, the planing mill
was destroyed by fire, entailing a heavy loss, but it
w^as rebuilt and in full operation on March 4, 1 883.

In rebuilding the planing mill, Mr. Backus con-
structed a furnace on a perfect combustion princi-
ple, which proved a great success, has been applied
to a large number of furnaces burning coal, and
bids fair to revolutionize steam making. He has
secured letters patent for the invention in the United
States and also in foreign countries, covering his
application of this principle of perfect combustion,
and after years of patient toil and large expendi-
tures of money, he bids fair to reap his merited
reward. The Backus Perfect Combustion Furnace
has been shown to possess great merit, and has
proved a perfect smoke consumer and a large
economizer of fuel.

Besides the interests above* enumerated, Mr,
Backus is engaged in several farm improvements,
where he has shown great skill as an organizer, and
any work planned by him may probably be safely
imitated by others. Like many other self-made
men, he started in life with no capital save integrity
and industry, with a purpose to be prudent and tem-
perate in all things, and he has the satisfaction of
knowing that his success is the result of his own
thoroughness and practical business methods. He
is known and recognized as a live man of energy,
with an irreproachable and honest purpose that
almost invariably commands success. He is par-
ticularly fortunate in having reared two sons, who
are fully competent to foster and increase the busi-
ness he has established.

CARLETON ABBEY BEARDSLEY is the
second son of Lockwood H. and Catherine (Myer)
Beardsley, and was born in Castile, New York,
October 4, 1852. His father was born in Scipio,
Cayuga County, New York, March 21, 1822, and
now lives at Springfield, Oakland County, Michi-
gan.

C. A. Beardsley lived w^ith his parents in Livings-
ton County, New York, from 1852 to 1866, when
the family removed to Pontiac, Michigan. His
early life was spent with his parents on the farm in
Western New York, where he was given the advan-
tages of a district school, improving his opportuni-
ties with the utmost diligence. In May, 1868, he
removed with his parents to Pontiac, Michigan,
where he entered the graded school. Here he was
applying himself closely, when sudden reverses in
his father's business made it necessary for him to
aid himself. Accordingly, in the winter of 1869

and 1870, he taught a district school at Bald
Eagle Lake, Oakland County, for a term of four
months, receiving as a salary the meagre sum
of $126. The effort proved a very successful one,
and so well satisfied was the county superintendent,
that he recommended Mr. Beardsley as competent
to take charge of the schools at Central Mine, Lake
Superior, where he went and conducted a success-
ful school. Upon returning home, flattering induce-
ments were held out to him to enter mercantile life,
and in preparation therefor, on April 4, 1873, he
entered the Ohio Business University at Toledo,
and after graduating, returned to Pontiac, where he
re-entered his classes in the High School, and by
alternately studying and teaching, he was enabled
to graduate in 1875. His vacations while teaching
were spent in the law office of A. C. Baldwin, and
in the year 1877, he w^as admitted to the bar, and
the following year entered the University of Mich-
igan, graduating from the law department in 1878.

In 1880 he removed to Detroit, since which time
he has pursued the practice of law, also dealing
largely in real estate, and engaging in the manu-
facture of furniture, which, in a large degree,
absorbed his time and took him from his prac-
tice. His factory has turned out only the finest
grade of furniture, and of a design and finish unex-
celled in the United States. It has employed one
hundred and thirty skilled workmen and five travel-
ing salesmen.

He is a member of the Union Lodge of Masons,
an honorary member of the Detroit Light Infantry,
and of the Pontiac and Cass Lake Aquatic Club,
and of several other social organizations. He is a
member of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church,
and has been a liberal contributor to all worthy
objects. In business affairs he is eminently progres-
sive and enterprising, and socially agreeable and
well informed.

He was married April 2, 1879, to Sarah Hance,
of Farmington, Michigan, daughter of Mark and
Susan Hance. They have had four children, two of
whom are living.

THOMAS BERRY, son of John and Catharina
Berry, was born at Horsham, England, February 7,
1829, and was the fifth child in a family of ten
children. His father, who had been engaged in the
tanning business, emigrated to America in 1835,
and settled in Elizabeth, New Jersey, resuming his
regular occupation. His son, Thomas Berry, was
educated in the private schools of Elizabeth, but at
an early age began to learn the business of his
father, and continued therein, going in 1852, to
Richmond, Virginia, and there and in other locali-
ties in the same State, managing branch establish-
ments owned by his father. He was thus employed

Oi €/(riJb ^fUc^<n-iU^^,^£^

r

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

II77

until 1856, when he came to Detroit, where his
parents had removed a short time previously.

For a year and a half following his removal to
Detroit, he was not engaged in any regular occu-
pation, but spent the time in visiting different
sections of the country. Meantime, his brother,
Joseph H., had begUn the manufacture of varnish at
Springwells, and in 1858, Thomas became asso-
ciated with him, and they have since constituted
the firm of Berry Brothers. The business was
continued at Springwells a few years, and then re-
moved to the present location, on the corner of
Leib and Wight Streets. Here, from a small fac-
tory with limited resources, their business has grown
from year to year, until at the present time they are
more extensively engaged in the manufacture of
every grade of varnish than any other firm in the
world. They have eight branch houses located at
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Roches-
ter, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Chicago, and the
value of their products amounts to about $1,000,000
annually, furnishing employment to one hundred
and fifty persons. Their goods find a market in
every State in the Union, and in all the principal
foreign countries. In this connection, it may be
mentioned as a notable fact, that Detroit has an
unusual number of men of great organizing capac-
ity and undaunted perseverance, who have materi-
ally advanced the prosperity of the city by building
up large manufacturing enterprises, and probably
no city of its size has so many widely known busi-
ness establishments.

In politics Mr. Berry was originally a Whig, but
since 1856 he has been a member of the Republi-
can party. The management of extensive business
interests has, however, prevented his participating
very largely in political affairs, but a keen and
lively interest in the maintenance of good city gov-
ernment, has led him to serve in several local
offices. In 1876-7, he was a member of the Board
of Estimates from his ward, and in 1880 a member-
at-large. In 1881 he was elected one of the coun-
cilmen, served three years, and was re-elected in
1884. He was also one of the Poor Commissioners
m 1 880, and served as president of the board.

Besides his connection with the varnish business,
he is a stockholder in the Detroit Linseed Oil Com-
pany, a joint partner with his brother Joseph H , in
the Combination Gas Machine Company, a director
of the Citizens' Savings Bank, and is interested in
several minor business enterprises in Detroit and
elsewhere, and serves as one of the trustees of the
Michigan College of Medicine. He is a member of
the Masonic order, belonging to Zion Lodge, Mon-
roe Chapter, and to the Detroit Commandery No. i,
of Knights Templar.

He was married in i860, to Janet Lowe, a

daughter of John Lowe, of Niagara, Canada. They
have had five daughters, four of whom are living.

CALVIN KNOX BRANDON was born at
New Carlisle, Ohio, September 6, 1841, and is the
son of George S. and Nancy (Craighead) Brandon,
and is of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His paternal
grandfather, Templeton Brandon, was born in
Scotland, came to America when a boy, and settled
in Adams County, Pennsylvania, where he became
a prosperous farmer. His son George S., who was
born in 1803, was engaged in milling and farming
until 1842, when he removed to Indianapolis, Indi-
ana, and became one of the earliest settlers of that
city, and was a prosperous merchant. He was a
man of strong character and of devout piety, and
for many years was an elder i-n the Presbyterian
Church of Indianapolis, presided over by Dr. Gur-
ley, afterwards the distinguished Chaplain of the
United States Senate. He died on August 22,
1847. His wife, who survived her husband only
one month, came of a family renowned in the
ecclesiastical and civil history of Scotland and
America. Her great-grandfather, John Craighead,
was the youngest son of Rev. Thomas Craighead,
a native of Scotland, where he was educated as
a physician, but soon abandoned his profession,
studied divinity, and for several years was pastor of
a Presbyterian church. In consequence of the
oppression endured by members of his church, he
emigrated to America in 171 5, and settled near
Boston, Massachusetts. In 1733 he removed to
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and was very
active in planting and building up churches in that
region. He died while in the pulpit at Newville,
Pennsylvania, at the close of a sermon, in April,
1739. He was an eloquent preacher, with marked
ability, original in thought, and fearless in the ex-
pression of his opinions. His numerous descend-
ants dwell principally in the East and Southwest,
where many of them have occupied positions of
honor and responsibility. His son. Rev. Alexander
Craighead, w^as a bold and advanced champion of
American civil liberty. For several years he
preached in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, but in
1749 removed to Virginia, and in 1756 to Sugar
Creek, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, where
he died in 1766. During his residence at the latter
place, he did much to inculcate sentiments of politi-
cal liberty among the people of his parish, and to
him the people of that region were indebted for the
training which placed them in the forefront of
American heroes and patriots. His church was
the oldest in the upper country, and the parent of
the seven churches that formed the convention
at Charlotte, North Carolina, which on May 20,
1775, issued the Mecklenburg Declaration of Inde-

1 1 78

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

pendence, the first decided avowal of the right of
organized hostility to English rule, and the princi-
ples then enunciated were substantially embodied
in the Declaration of Independence adopted by the
first American Congress.

After the death of his father and mother, C. K.
Brandon went to Adams County, Pennsylvania, and
passed his boyhood upon a farm, going to country
schools in the winter. At the age of fifteen he
went to Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and
for two summers continued at farm work. He
then entered Farmer's College, at Bellefonte, Centre
County, Pennsylvania, and remained one year, and
at the age of nineteen went to Macomb, McDon-
nough County, Illinois, to look after some land
belonging to his father's estate. While there,
President Lincoln's call for troops was issued, and
on April 13, 1861, he enlisted for three months, in
Company A, Sixteenth Regiment, Illinois Infantry,
but was mustered in on April 26 for three years'
service, and in May following, his regiment was
among the first troops of enlisted volunteers to
enter the State of Missouri. The Sixteenth Regi-
ment was in General Pope's command during the
summer of 1861, and in the winter of 186 1-2,
guarded the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, and
subsequently participated in engagements at Pal-
myra, Monroe, Shelbina, Shelbyville, Liberty and
Blue Mills Landing, at the siege of New Madrid,
capture of Island No. 10, skirmishes before Corinth,
and at the battle of Farmington. At the end of his
period of service, Mr. Brandon went to Quincy,
Illinois, and secured a position as clerk in a
wholesale dry goods store, but soon after enlisted
in the Fourteenth Regiment Illinois Veterans,
and was chosen Captain of Company E. Shortly
after he was detailed as commissary of subsistence
and general ordinance officer of General Stolbrand's
brigade of the Seventeenth Army Corps, and served
in this capacity until mustered out of service in Sep-
tember, 1865.

Upon leaving the service he removed to Saline
County, Missouri, and purchased a stock farm,
which he conducted for six years, and then sold out
and came to Detroit. His first service here was in
the employ of the Detroit Car Works. In 1875 he
became purchasing agent of the Detroit Stave and
Heading Works, then owned and conducted by
Frederick Buhl. In 1877 he purchased Mr. Buhl's
interest in the business, since which time the
growth of the concern has been rapid and remuner-
ative. In 1879, R. S. Keys became a partner with
him, under the firm name of Brandon & Keys, and
in 1883 the business was incorporated as the Detroit
Stave and Heading Works. Its officers have since
been C. K. Brandon, President; J. P. McLaren,
Vice-President, and R. S. Keys, Secretary and

Treasurer. The business has been a marked suc-
cess, and its growth has been largely due to Mr.
Brandon's energy and careful management. Their
plant, one of the largest in Michigan, is located on
the corner of Clark Avenue and the Michigan Cen-
tral Railroad, and covers an area of over twelve
acres ; 10,000,000 staves and over 700,000 heads are
manufactured yearly, and find a ready market all
over the United States, and in portions of Europe.
From seventy-five to one hundred men are em-
ployed.

Of late years Mr. Brandon has been largely in-
terested in real estate operations, especially in
Hamtramck and Springwells, and is the owner
of a number of houses in various parts of the city.
A few years ago he purchased fifty-eight acres of
land in Hamtramck, divided it into city lots, and it
has proved a valuable investment. He is President
of the Fontaine Crossing and Signal Company, of
Toledo, Ohio, and of the East Detroit and Grosse
Pointe Railroad, and is financially interested in vari-
ous other enterprises in Detroit.

He has been a Republican in political faith ever
since he has been a voter, and was elected a Repre-
sentative to the State Legislature from the Third
District, in 1 884, by a majority of nearly 300. The
most important local measure which came up dur-
ing his term, was the question of the annexation of
Hamtramck, Greenfield, and Springwells to Detroit,
which he strongly favored, and was successful in
effecting. He is a member of the Grand Army of
the Republic, the Loyal Legion, and of Detroit
Masonic Commandery No. i . He is a member of
the Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian Church, and for
several years has been one of its trustees.

Habits of trained industry, unquestioned honor
and honesty, broadness of views, united with
enough conservativeness to prevent his taking
undue risks, and great executive ability, are the
strongest traits in his character. Personally he is
of quiet, retiring disposition; thoroughly domestic
in his tastes, fond of his home, and finds his great-
est pleasure in the family circle.

He was married October 24, 1867, to Louisa,
daughter of A. W. Russel, one of the best known
and most respected citizens of Lancaster City,
Pennsylvania. They have had seven children, five
of whom are living, three boys and two girls.

WILLIAM AUSTIN BURT was born in Wor-
cester County, Massachusetts, June 13, 1792. His
ancestors, representing both English and Scotch
races, settled in New England early in the seven-
teenth century, and he possessed the strong charac-
teristics, mental and physical, of his forefathers.
Self-denial, earnestness of purpose, ambition to
excel, loyalty to relatives, friends, and his own con-

(^.A/a y/z/J^--^'^^^'

yi

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1179

victions, and steadfast adherence to right in all
things, were prominent traits in the character of his
ancestors and himself.

As a boy, he possessed strong intellectual powers,
coupled with remarkable mechanical ability, and
fortunately he was able also to use either hand
with equal dexterity, nature evidently having de-
signed him for an inventor. The correctly-geared
mills, whittled out with his jack-knife, with which
he did the churning for his mother, and his
miniature saw mills, made both for entertainment
and use, w^ere completed while pursuing his studies
in navigation, land surveying, music, and stenog-
raphy. A note book, which he kept when but
seventeen years of age, now in possession of his
grandson, Hiram A. Burt, of Detroit, shows that at
that early age he had fully conquered all the
methods of land surveying then practised ; was far
advanced in the study of navigation and astronomy ;
a fair theoretical musician, and that he had invented
for his own use, and nearly perfected, a system of
stenographic writing. It will be noted, also, that
his education had been acquired chiefly through his
own efforts, for, aside from about two months at the
public school, he received no other training in any
educational institution. He was not only studious
and thoughtful, but also patriotic, serving in the New
York militia for sixty days, in 181 3, and again for
sixty days in the spring of 18 14. He was married
on July 4, 1 81 3, to Phoebe Cole. In 181 5 and 18 16
he was Justice of the Peace, School Inspector, and
Postmaster, in Erie County, New York.

He was possessed of a courageous and adventur-
ous spirit, with an almost boundless ambition to see
and know, and in 181 7, in quest of a personal knowl-
edge of the West, before the days of the Erie Canal,
or the era of steamboats or railroads, he made the
journey from Buffalo to Cincinnati (by way of
Pittsburgh), thence to JefTersonville, Indiana, Vin-
cennes, and St. Louis, then back to Vincennes,
and to Fort Wayne, Fort Meigs, Detroit, and by
sailing vessel to Buffalo. Twice during the suc-
ceeding seven years he made trips to Michigan,
and finally, in 1824, settled in the township of
Washington, Macomb County, Michigan. He began
business as a land surveyor, mill builder, and farmer,
and endured the personal discomforts and hard
manual labor, and practised the self-denial that fell
^0 the lot of all pioneers. To these labors he added
habits of diligent study, and the varied experiments
of an eager, far-seeing mind, never contented unless
using its utmost effort towards achieving its best.
His facilities for experimental work were very lim-
ited, and consisted of a few carpenters' and black-
smiths' tools and utensils. Iron was scarce and
^'ery dear, and brass was almost unobtainable ; there
Were no foundries near at hand, and the various

metals were not offered in the many convenient
shapes now so common.

In order to fully employ his time, he built mills
here and there, wherever his services were sought,
and whenever he wanted a tool for any special
purpose, he produced it at his own forge, or bench,
and it generally proved that his tools were entirely
new additions to the tools of craftsmen. Among
these earlier tools and inventions was a compass
for striking an oval of varying diameters, a T square
of unique construction, and a " typographer," or
type-writing machine. The " typographer " was
conceived in 1828, patented in 1829, the patent
having the signature of President Andrew Jackson.
The typographer was further perfected in 1830, and
the records of the Patent Office show that he was
the first inventor of a mechanical type-writer. The
instrument was exceedingly simple in construction,
but for beauty and perfection, the work done by it,
as shown by letters written on it in 1830, is not
equalled by any modern type-writer.

Before he had been three years in the Territory,
his abilities were generally recognized, and in 1826
and 1827 he was elected a member of the Territorial
Council. In 1832 he was appointed District Sur-
veyor by Governor Porter, and about the same time
he was appointed Postmaster at Mt. Vernon, Michi-
gan, which office he held for twenty-four years. In
1833, when he was forty-one years old, he was made
Deputy United States Surveyor for all the district
northwest of the Ohio River, and held the position
until his decease. In 1833 he was also appointed
one of the Commissioners of Internal Improvements
for Michigan, and on April 23, of the same year,
was appointed an Associate Judge of the Circuit
Court. He held this last position with much credit
for several years, and was familiarly addressed as
Judge up to the time of his death ; but it was as a
surveyor and inventor that he gained his greatest
renown. As a member of the Board of Internal
Improvements, he opposed the visionary schemes of
that day, such as the canals at Saginaw and Grand
Rapids. As a Government Surveyor, he was noted
for integrity, faithfulness, skill, and correctness.
Under date of October 8, 1834, M. T. Williams.
Surveyor-General of the Northwest Territory, wrote
to Senator Lucius Lyon, as follows : " Your friend,
Mr. Burt, proves to be an excellent surveyor ; for a
first contract, he has returned the most satisfactory
work I have yet met with."

Mr. Burt had as assistants all of his sons, namely,
John, Alvin, Austin, Wells, and William ; he also
employed other young men, sons of his neighbors,
all of whom he trained, and some of them gained
enviable reputations as land surveyors. During the
several years that he was employed by the Govern-
ment, Mr. Burt and his sons surveyed much of the

ii8o

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

States of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, and
Minnesota, including the sites of the present cities
of Milwaukee, Rock Island, and Davenport. On
January 14, 1840, he was deputized to survey the
Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and to connect there-
with the geological survey then in progress under
Dr. Houghton. This work required the services of
Mr. Burt and his sons for about ten years, and it
was while doing this work that he discovered and
reported on fourteen different deposits of iron ore,
which, in his opinion, constituted about one-seventh
of the total amount.

Later developments show that his estimate was
approximately correct. In a letter to his wife,
written July 11, 1846, telling of his work in the
Upper Peninsula, he said : " We have found five
very extensive beds of iron ore, of an excellent
quality, enough, I think, if worked, to build a rail-
road around the world." Mr. Burt's associate, Dr.
Douglas Houghton, having met a sudden death,
the labor of preparing the geological report of the
survey then in progress, fell to Judge Burt. It is
published in Part 3, Executive Document No. i, of
Thirty-first Congress, first session, and bears testi-
mony to the thorough character of his knowledge
and work. In a letter, written May 17, 1835, he
says : " The aberrations of the needle are truly
perplexing. I have to correct very many of my
north and south lines, and it is most annoying,
this inability, as yet, to discover a method for
doing away with the difficulty or the cause
thereof." Under date of April 29, 1835, when
engaged on the Government surveys in and about
the city of Milwaukee, he wrote to one of his
assistants, as follows : "I arrived here to-day,
having finished the north tier of townships as far
west as the town lines are run. The aberrations of
the needle were worse in my last township than in
any other I have yet surveyed. * * * In one
instance I had to increase the variation one degree
for two miles, to keep parallel ; the next two miles
needed no increase of variation, and for two miles
more the variation decreased twenty and thirty sec-
onds. The changes are mysterious, and will prob-
ably remain so until some accidental discovery
reveals the secret." It thus appears that up to
1835 ^^* Burt experienced all the annoyances met
with by other land surveyors, in surveying trapezoidal
tracts, but, unlike them, he was not satisfied to re-
main without a remedy for the trouble, and all of
his correspondence shows that he was trying hard
to evolve a method to do away with the inaccuracies
and annoyances due to a sole reliance upon the
magnetic needle.

Aided by knowledge obtained during many
years of work throughout the Northwest Territory,
he continued to study and experiment, and at last

his researches resulted in the production of the solar
compass. In 1835, in order to test its principles,
he made a model of this instrument, and in the
latter part of the same year the first solar compass
was made under his supervision, by W. J. Young, of
Philadelphia, then the best known and most expert
mathematical instrument maker in this country.
The new instrument was submitted to a committee
of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsyl-
vania, and after a full examination of its principles
and merits, they awarded the inventor a premium
of $20 and a Scott's Legacy Medal. Like most
new inventions, the solar compass proved to be
susceptible of improvement, and five years later
Mr. Burt submitted a new solar compass to the
same Institute, and their committee reported that
it was a decided improvement, both as to accuracy
and simplicity. Mr. Burt, however, was not per-
fectly satisfied, and in 1851 he exhibited, at the
World's Fair, in London, a Solar compass still fur-
ther improved as to scope, accuracy and simplicity.
This instrument then, and since 1850, was known
as Burt's Improved Solar Compass, and in its
development and construction. Judge Burt was
greatly assisted by the suggestions and mechanical
skill of his sons, and it may be said to represent
the result of their joint labors. For this compass
a premium medal was awarded by the Committee
on Astronomical Instruments, and the inventor was
personally complimented by the Prince of Wales.
The premium medal was accompanied by the fol-
lowing certificate :

I hereby certify that Her Majesty's Commissioners, upon the
award of the jurors, have presented a prize medal to WilHam A.
Burt, for a solar compass and surveying instrument, shown at
the exhibition. Albert,

President of the Royal Commission.

Hyde Park, London, October 15, 1851.

While in London, Mr. Burt had the pleasure of
meeting and making the acquaintance of Sir David
Brewster, Hugh Miller, Sir John Herschel, and
other celebrities in the realm of science, the ac-
quaintanceship was continued, by means of corres-
pondence, for many years, and proved a source of
much pleasure.

The usual rewards of the inventor did not fall to
Judge Burt in his lifetime, nor have they since been
reaped by his heirs.

It is a matter of record, that the great value of
the solar compass to the United States Government
became established at about the time when in order
to preserve an inventor's rights, and secure his
reward in the usual manner, a renewal of the patent
should have been sought. Judge Burt went to
Washington for this purpose, but, with the simplicity
characteristic of him, was easily persuaded by the
Government land officials to believe that if he

{Tk^Ou /t-w;^^-

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

I181

would allow his invention to become public prop-
erty, the Government, as the principal beneficiary,
would, through Congress, make suitable pecuniary
recognition.

The petition then filed by Mr. Burt, the inventor,
and since his decease several times renewed by his
heirs, has been favorably reported on by every
committee of Congress to which it has been re-
ferred, and a bill has several times passed one or
the other branch of Congress making appropriation
of money in recognition and satisfaction of this
most just claim, but has failed to be given full legal
enactment.

That millions of money have been saved to the
Government in the cost of making original surve5rs,
through the adoption of the solar compass, -is a fact
well known to all surveyors-general and deputies
engaged in this branch of the Government service.

For fifty years the United States had exclusive use
of the solar compass. It seems to have been orig-
inated for its special purpose, and, in fact, to grow
out of the necessity felt by Judge Burt, during his
experience as a deputy United States surveyor, for an
instrument that should do more accurate work than
the common surveyors' compass then in use.

That a government founded upon, and actuated
by equitable principles, should have so long neglec-
ted to do justice to him or his heirs is hardly credit-
able, but it is to be hoped that the merits of the
invention, and the advantages derived therefrom,
will soon be appropriately recognized and rewarded.

A second important invention of Mr. Burt's, the
Equatorial Sextant, was the outcome of his studious
endeavor to apply the principles of the solar
compass to navigation. On his return from Europe,
in 1 85 1, with the idea of perfecting his plans for this
instrument, Mr. Burt took passage on a sailing ves-
sel, for the purpose of making observations at sea.
The trip was eminently successful, and his studies
and experiments brought forth a perfect equatorial
sextant. He thus gave to the sailors on the track-
less sea, facilities equal to those furnished by the
solar compass to the woodsmen in the trackless
forest.

At this time he retired from active work as a sur-
veyor, and moved to Detroit, to devote himself to
giving instruction in its use. He also gave instruc-
tions to a class of lake captains in astronomy and
navigation, and in the use of his equatorial sextant,
and a number of these captains made successful
winter trips across the Atlantic with their fore and
aft lake schooners, to the great astonishment of the
"old salts."

In 1852 he was chosen a member of the Michigan
Legislature, served during the session of 1852-53,
and improved the opportunity to advance the

project of a canal about the falls of the St.
Mary's River of which he was one of the orig-
inal and most earnest advocates. He was made
chairman of the joint legislative committee on the
subject, and it was largely owing to his intelligent
and energetic efforts that the St. Mary's Falls Ship
Canal was constructed, upon what was then deemed
an extravagantly liberal scale.

On August 18, 1858, he was suddenly stricken
down with heart disease. He died possessing the
universal respect of all his fellow men, peacefully
and contentedly, attended by his wife, who had done
well her part during the forty-five years of their mar-
ried life, and he never neglected to award to her
much of the credit of his success. Mrs. Burt did
not long survive her husband ; she died, on August
23, 1864, and was laid by his side in the pleasant
little rural cemetery at Mt. Vernon, where they had
lived for so many years. A few years later their
remains were removed to Elmwood Cemetery, in
Detroit.

Mr. Burt was not only fertile in ideas, on scien-
tific and mechanical subjects, but he also possessed
clear and decisive convictions on religious and
political subjects, and had the courage to uphold
them. Theories in any direction would not satisfy
him ; each new topic was taken up with the deter-
mination to fully comprehend its meaning and drift,
and then to enforce its truth. He was not fanati-
cal, however, and no man was more prompt to
acknowledge error of judgment, or more hearty in
expressions of satisfaction over the discovery of an
error.

In company he was modest and unassuming,
but able to hold his own with any one in a discus-
sion, and in conversation was brilliant and well
informed on a wide range of subjects. He was a
consistent and firm believer in the doctrines of the
Baptist Church, and was one of the organizers of
the Society at Mt. Vernon, Michigan.

In politics he was a Jeffersonian Democrat, but
aside from the ordinary part taken by every good
citizen, did not actively participate in poHtical affairs.

He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and
one of the founders, and the first Master of the
third Masonic lodge organized in Michigan.

WELLS BURT was born in the village of
Wales Center, Erie County, New York, near the
city of Buffalo, on October 25, 1820, and was the
fourth son of Wm. A. Burt, widely known as the
inventor of the solar compass, who came with his
family to Michigan in 1825, and settled in Wash-
ington, Macomb County. The son attended the
district schools of that locality through his boyhood,
but received his best education through intercourse

Il82

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

with his father, who was a man of rare intelligence
and a diligent student, especially in scientific direc-
tions.

As Wells Burt grew to manhood he learned the
science of surveying from his father, who was
engaged in extensive surveys of the public lands
under contracts from the government, and gained
practical knowledge by accompanying him as one
of his assistants. Later he took contracts from the
government himself for the surveying of thousands
upon thousands of acres of the public lands of
Michigan and Wisconsin. In the performance of
his duties he was painstaking and exact to an un-
common degree, and this trait of faithfulness and
conscientiousness was manifested throughout his life,
in all his business relations and his intercourse with
those about him. His work in the wilds of north-
ern Michigan in those early days, was fraught with
many hardships and dangers', often his little party
of surveyors being the first white men who had in-
truded upon the domain of the Indian tribes of that
region. But there was also compensation for these
trials, for through his work he became thoroughly
acquainted with the mineral resources of the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan, and was thus enabled to
make investments which laid the foundation for a
considerable fortune. He had no ambition to gain
great wealth, and not having very robust health,
preferred for many years to lead a quiet life, com-
paratively free from the anxieties and cares of more
active business life. He was, however, one of the
organizers of the Union Iron Company of Detroit,
established in 1872, and for ten years its presi-
dent. He was also largely interested in the Lake
Superior Iron Company, of Ishpeming, and the
Peninsular Iron Company, of Detroit, and a holder
of stock in the Third National Bank and the Ameri-
can Banking and Savings Association of the same
city, besides being connected with various enter-
prises in other places.

He was married on February 19, 185 1, to Amanda
F. Beaman, of Rochester, Oakland County, their
early married life being spent in Washington, Ma-
comb County. In 1865 they removed to Ypsilanti,
that better opportunities might be afforded for
the education of their children. In 1 88 1 Mr. Burt
came to Detroit, building a beautiful home on
Woodward Avenue, where he died suddenly of
neuralgia of the heart, on November 29, 1887.

At the time of his death he was a member of the
First Baptist Church of Detroit. He rarely gave
outward expression to his deepest feelings, and his
religious life was quiet and undemonstrative, but
those who knew him had many evidences of his
kindly, loving nature, and Christian character. He
was a devoted, considerate husband and father, a
true friend, and a good citizen.

He performed many acts of benevolence, and gave
largely of his money to church and charitable objects
in Detroit and elsewhere.

He left a widow and five children, namely : W.
Clayton Burt, Mrs. Henry L. Jenness, Miss Helen
E. Burt, Mrs. Elstner Fisher, of Detroit, and Mrs. C.
Van Cleve Ganson, of Grand Rapids.

JOHN BURT was born in Wales, Erie County,
New York, April 18, 1814, his father, Wm. A. Burt,
was the inventor, and patentee of the solar compass.
The family emigrated to Michigan in 1 824, coming on
the steamer Superior from Buffalo, and landing in
Detroit on May 10, and were soon settled in a log
house in Washington township, Macomb County,
The father's business frequently called him away
from home, and, as the eldest of five sons,
the mother depended chiefly upon John for assist-
ance, and for six years he was a very active helper
in pioneer life. At sixteen years of age, having
developed strong mechanical instincts and ability,
he was employed by his father to assist him in
building saw-mills. His first lessons in mathe-
matics, surveying, engineering,- astronomy, and
navigation, were received from his father, but he
also attended the district school.

In 1835, when twenty-one years of age, he married
Julia A. Calkins, daughter of a respected and influ-
ential farmer. They settled on a farm and remained
five years. Mr. Burt was then persuaded by his
father to accompany him as assistant in the work of
conducting the linear and geological surveys in the
Upper Peninsula. He was fully acquainted with
the use and operation of his father's solar compass,
and after one season's experience in the woods on
May 18, 1 84 1, was appointed a Deputy United
States Surveyor, and from 1840 to 1851 he was
engaged continuously on Government surveys in the
Upper Peninsula. In 1848 he subdivided the
Jackson Mine district under a government contract
and discovered a number of new iron deposits, in-
cluding the Republic and Humboldt mines. He
also located accurately several others, discovered by
Dr. Houghton in 1845.

The most remarkable instance known or recorded
of the magnetic influence possessed by bodies of
iron ore occurred while he was running the west
boundary line of T. 46 N. R. 30 W., in which the
great Republic Mine is located. This body of ore
affected the needle for a distance of 6 miles, and
nearly all bodies of iron ore in that region, whether
outcropping or not, attracted the magnet, hence the
ease with which their presence was indicated by the
solar compass, and to its use is justly awarded the
credit of the early discovery of the great mineral
wealth of Northern Michigan, Wisconsin, Minne-
sota, and other portions of the West. While Mr.

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1183

Burt was surveying the iron regions of the Upper
Peninsula he obtained and preserved specimens of
iron ores and kept notes of where they were
found, together with the topographical and geologi-
cal features and botanical peculiarities of their sev-
eral locations. These notes were turned over to
Messrs. Foster & Whitney, United States Geolo-
gists, and in their report of 185 1, they give him due
credit.

The valuable knowledge obtained by ten years of
work in such a region led him in 1851 to take up
what proved to be his life work, namely ; the devel-
opment of the mineral resources of Northern Mich-
igan. He foresaw that the cheap transportation of
the ores by lake was to be the greatest factor in
their development. He knew that ore in abundance
was within comparatively easy reach ; with prophetic
ken he saw the extent of the demand which would
come, and in fact he comprehended as no one else
did, the wondrously beneficial influence the develop-
ment of that country would have on the general
welfare of the country especially as to the States
west of the Alleghanies. Mr. Burt's intimate ac-
quaintance with the ore lands of the Upper Penin-
sula, naturally caused him to desire the ownership
of a portion thereof, but under the so-called Mineral
Land Act, the prices had been so increased as to pre-
clude his purchasing. He therefore applied to the
Land office at the "Soo" for an opinion from the
Attorney General of the United States as to the char-
acter of the iron ore lands and as to wiiether they
were rightly classed as mineral lands. He was in-
formed that iron ore lands did not come under the
head of mineral lands, and the officials at Sault Ste.
Marie were instructed to offer and sell such lands,
as agricultural lands, at $1.25 per acre. The first
lands entered under that decision were those en-
tered by Mr. Burt and the entry constitutes a part
of the 1 5,000 acres, now owned by the Lake Su-
perior Iron Company. It is conceded that the sell-
ing of the iron ore lands at the reduced rate and
the railroad and canal enterprises originated and
pushed to completion by Mr. Burt, were the three
prime factors in the present advanced civilization,
improvement, and wealth of the Llpper Peninsula.
Mr. Burt greatly desired that the people of his own
State should have control of these lands, and sought
earnestly to interest Zachariah Chandler, Henry N.
Walker, Eber B. Ward, H. P. Baldwin, and other
citizens in his plans, and offered to sell them a
three-eighths interest in his purchase, including
^he property of the present Lake Superior Iron
Company now worth several millions of dollars,
^tid a large share of the site of the present city of
Marquette for the sum of $50,000. They apparently
lailed to comprehend the advantages offered and
thus lost an opportunity seldom within reach. Mr.

Burt then visited Pittsburgh, where his exhibits and
appeals were also unappreciated. The elder Mr.
Schoenberger, then the most prominent iron manu-
facturer in Pittsburgh, said to him; "we have an
abundance of good ores in Pennsylvania and have
no need of your Michigan ores, besides we will not
see a ton of Michigan ore in Pittsburgh market in
our day." Mr. Burt replied, " Mr. Schoenberger,
you will have it here in five years at the farthest, and
beg for it." In just four years from that time Mr.
Burt had the satisfaction of seeing 4,000 tons of
Lake Superior iron ore pass through the St. Mary's
Falls Ship Canal, some of it consigned to Pittsburgh.
In the summer of 1851 he returned to Carp River,
where the city of Marquette is located, with a force
of thirty men, built a dam across the river and
also a saw-mill, the first erected in that region,
preparatory to the erection of a forge for the manu-
facture of blooms. While at this work Mr. Burt
was casually visited by the late Heman B. Ely of
Cleveland, whom he imbued with his own sanguine
ideas of the future of the iron interests of that
country. Mr. Ely was a railroad man, and it was
proposed that they should join forces in the construc-
tion of a railroad from the lake to the mines. This
was a project Mr. Burt had long had in mind, and
the proposition being acceded to, Mr. Burt, Mr.
Ely, and his brothers, John F., Samuel P. and George
H. Ely began the railway and completed it in 1857.
Meanwhile, Mr. Burt, the late Captain E. B. Ward,
and other gentlemen, foreseeing that the railway
would be of little immediate value without a way to
get ore laden vessels through the Sault Ste. Marie
river, revived the idea of a ship canal around the
rapids in that river, and in the winter of 1851 and
1852 visited Washington, and. with Mr. Burt's room
as headquarters, besieged Congress for a grant of
money or land to aid the State in building a canal,
and a grant of 750,000 acres of land was made by
Act of August 25, 1852, the conditions of which
were accepted by the State on February 5, 1853.
Under a contract entered into April 5, 1853, between
the State Commissioners and Messrs. Joseph Fair-
banks, J. W. Brooks, Erastus Corning, August Bel-
mont, and others, the canal was completed and
turned over to Mr, Burt, as its first Superintendent,
on May i, 1855, and on June 18, following, he had
the extreme satisfaction of passing the steamer
Illinois, Captain Jack Wilson, as the first boat
through the canal. During the remainder of the
navigation season, of about five months that year,
four thousand four hundred and seventy-four tons
of ore were passed through the canal, and in 1887
nearly two and one-half millions tons were passed
through. The history of the canal, and the stu-
pendous growth in the ore trade of the Upper
Peninsula, is well known, but it is not so generally

ii84

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

known that Mr. Burt was the first to recognize the
need of enlarging the canal, that he was foremost in
all movements to improve it, and that all grants and
appropriations made by the Government were chiefly
obtained through his tireless energy and masterly
exhibits and arguments. It is also true that the
then largest single lock in the world, the canal lock,
begun in 1870 and completed in 1881, was built
after a plan devised and patented by Mr. Burt.

Meantime, from the summer of 1851 to 1857,
besides pushing the canal project, Mr. Burt gave a
great deal of time and energy to the construction of
the Iron Mountain Railway, and the improvements
at Marquette. After completing his agreement
with the Ely Brothers, of Cleveland, contracts were
made with the Jackson Iron Company, and with the
Cleveland Iron Company, to carry iron over the
road for one dollar per ton the first two years, after
which fifty cents per ton was to be paid, until, by a
graduating scale, each company should ship, per
annum, more than one hundred and twenty-five
thousand tons, when the price was to be reduced to
thirty cents per ton. No charter w^as then obtain-
able, as the State had no railroad law, but with
these contracts, obtained chiefly by Mr. Ely, as a
basis for business, the building of the road was begun
as a private enterprise. The lumber for the docks,
offices, and other buildings of the railroad company
was sawed in Mr. Burt's Carp River mill, and sold
for ten dollars per thousand, while the lowest price
elsewhere was twenty-five dollars per thousand. In
June, 1852, Mr. Burt contracted with the railway
company to extend their road two miles farther to
the Burt, now the Lake Superior mine, and the
railroad company agreed to carry ore for him at the
figures named in the contracts with the Jackson and
Cleveland companies.

Mr. Burt was also the prime mover in the organi-
zation of several iron manufacturing companies, all
of which use Lake Superior ores. He was a director
for thirty-three years in the Lake Superior Iron
Company, now incorporated for its second term of
thirty years ; was President of the Peninsula Iron
Company, of this city, for thirty years, and also
President of the Marquette Furnace Company,
the Carp River Furnace Company, and of the Burt
Free Stone Company, of Marquette. On February
12, 1855. a general railroad law for Michigan was
approved by the Governor, and three days later a
railroad company was organized under the name of
the Iron Mountain Railroad Company, with Mr.
Burt as President. The passage of the railroad
law was opposed by all the old railway companies,
but was secured through the efforts of Mr. Burt,
his father William A: Burt, and Heman B. Ely.
During the United States Congress of 1855 and
1856, John Burt, aided by the late W. B. Ogden, of

Chicago, obtained land grants to aid in the construc-
tion of the Bay de Noquette & Marquette road, from
Little Bay de Noquette to Marquette, the Marquette,
Houghton & Ontonagon road, and the Michigan &
Wisconsin State Line road.

It will be noticed that thirty-four years ago he
had formulated a railway system for the Upper
Peninsula, his plans being fulfilled by the completion
and operation of the Duluth, South Shore & Atlan-
tic, the Milwaukee & Northern, and the Peninsula
division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroads.
The latter road was built with the grants given
for construction of the Bay de Noquette & Mar-
quette and State Line roads. Mr. H. B. Ely died
in 1856, and Mr. Burt, on February 15, 1857, was
elected President of the Bay de Noquette & Mar-
quette Railroad, and in 1858 the road was completed
to the Lake Superior Company's mine, locally called
the Burt mine ; this railroad and the Iron Mountain
Road were then consolidated, and from that time to
the present it has been a very successful enterprise.
Mr. Burt withdrew from the company in 1863.

In 1855 he bought the Lake Superior Journal,
then published at Sault Ste. Marie, moved it to
Marquette, and published the paper four years,
when he sold out to Warren Isham. The paper is
now known as the Marquette Mining Journal.

It was not alone as an explorer, financier, and
organizer, that Mr. Burt excelled ; he had a good
record as an inventor. He obtained his patent for
the canal lock, heretofore alluded to, on May 28,
1867. On January 19, 1869, he obtained a patent
on an improvement in the manufacture of iron, by
the use of pulverized oxide of iron in the puddling
furnace, and his process is largely used in puddling
iron throughout the country. On May 25, 1869, he
obtained a patent for the manufacture of crude
blooms, using oxide of iron by running molten pig
metal on to the oxide while in the crucible. On
September 7, 1869, he obtained a patent for the
manufacture of pig iron, and on December 28, 1869,
a patent for a finishing case for railway bars. He
also obtained a patent for purifying blast furnace gas,
which is successfully used in many furnaces. On
March 27, 1877, and on October 29, 1878, he was
granted patents for a system of ventilation, which
has been introduced, in a modified form, in the
Capitol at Washington. On April 24, 1 883, he was
granted a patent on charcoal furnaces, or retorts,
for distilling wood and obtaining charcoal for fur-
nace use.

In politics he acted with the Democratic party
until the passage of the fugitive slave law, and the
birth of the Republican party, when he aided in the
organization of that party, and continued to work
with and for its prosperity as long as he lived. In
J»868 he was an elector at large for the Republi-

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

I 185

cans of Michigan, and was honored by the Electoral
College with the duty of delivering to the President of
the Senate the vote of the State for Grant and Colfax.

Physically Mr. Burt was tall and well built, with
a frank, pleasant face, and a very engaging manner.
He was a close and almost constant student, and
like his father, could not be contented with mere
theories. Although to some of his contemporaries
he seemed visionary, yet he was only enthusiastic,
and this because he saw in advance of his times. He
was extremely systematic in his business methods,
and in all of his dealings, was the soul of generosity,
and quick to recognize and make allowance for
disappointment or misfortune on the part of any
with whom he had business relations.

To his own kith and kin and to those whom he
held as his friends, he was always helpful, and with-
out thought of pay, he directed many persons to
tracts of land, the purchase of which made them
wealthy. He possessed a thoroughly religious
spirit, an even temper, and was eminently a trusty
friend and an agreeable companion. At the very
early age of sixteen he was baptized, and united
with the Baptist Church. From that time he felt
a deep interest in the cause of Christ, and con-
tributed liberally to all the churches with which he
had been connected, and other churches, in his
denomination and outside of it, received liberal
gifts from him. The First Baptist Church, in Mar-
quette, felt especially indebted to him for his
generous gifts to them, and after his death the fol-
lowing resolutions were passed by that church :

Resolved^ That we extend to the relatives of Brother John
Inirt our deepest sympathy in their sad and sudden bereavement.
That we remember with gratitude his gift to us of a church edi-
fice and ground at an early day in the history of our church and
city That we remember his earnest words of encouragement
and his prayers full of faith in the final triumph of God's people
and of His cause.

That in his passing away we mourn in common with our State
and the denomination.

On Thursday, December 3, 1885, he and his wife
celebrated their golden wedding at the handsome
family residence at Detroit. The gathering brought
their friends to the number of several hundred,
from all parts of the State and letters of congratu-
lation and good wishes were received from all over
the country, and many testimonials of rare value
were presented. A few months later, on August 16,
1886, the community was made sad by the an-
nouncement of his sudden death. He died as he
had lived, full of religious trust, leaving his wife and
three children, namely : Hiram A. Burt, Alvin C.
Burt, and Minnie C, wife of Robert Leete.

GEORGE S. DAVIS was born in the city of
I^etroit, May 7, 1845, and is the son of Solomon
and Anne H. (Duncan) Davis. His ancestors were

among the earliest settlers of New England, and
were prominent among the active defenders of the
American colonies during the War of the Revolu-
tion, and distinguished for their piety, honesty, good
habits, and longevity.

Mr. Davis was educated in the common schools
of Detroit, entering the High School the second
term after its opening, and graduating from that
institution in the year i860. Having the choice of
a college education and a professional life, or a
commercial career, he decided, on account of the
limited means of his father, to engage in mercantile
life, and accordingly entered the wholesale drug
house of Farrand, Sheley & Company, and sys-
tematically studied the drug business, remaining
with that firm until 1867, when he purchased an
interest in the firm of Duffield, Parke & Company,
manufacturing pharmacists. In 1 871 the firm name,
after the retirement of two partners, was changed
to Parke, Davis & Company, under which title,
both as a firm and a corporation, the concern has
since been known. The enterprise suffered severely
during its earlier history, through strong competition
and want of proper capital, and though greatly
crippled by the condition of commercial affairs
incidental to the panic of 1873, it passed safely
through the crisis, steadily gaining in prestige and
strength. From the year 1877 it has been phenom-
inally successful, and now ranks as the largest
concern of its kind in the United States, if not in
the world, and has commercial relations with all
countries.

The history of the growth of this business, from
its incipiency through the various stages of its exist-
ence to its present world-wide reputation, is partly
detailed in connection with the chapter on manu-
factures, and forms one of the most interesting
portions of the manufacturing history of Detroit.
The creation of the forces and agencies which
built up this enterprise, over obstacles almost
unsurmountable, form the best index to the charac-
ter and ability of those who have been instrumental
in its development. That its success is largely due
to the individual efforts of Mr. Davis, will be readily
admitted by those most intimately connected with
its growth. Coming into active participation in its
management at an early period of its history, when
it was of small capacity, and unknown beyond a
small radius, he gave it a personal supervision and
care which has been persistent, well directed, and
unflagging. With unusual executive ability, great
energy, intuitive knowledge of character, and broad
and liberal business judgment, united to a certain
boldness and courage, without which great business
success is rarely attained, he has been an essential
factor in achieving the success that is now estab-
lished.

ii86

MANUFACTURERS AlsTD INVENTORS.

The business was incorporated in 1875, with Mr.
Davis as Secretary and Treasurer. He is also Presi-
dent of the Michigan Phonograph Company, Vice-
President of the Imperial Life Insurance Company,
and is interested in several other business corpora-
tions. In addition to his business as a manufacturer,
as is shown in detail elsewhere in this work, he is
one of the most extensive medical publishers in the
United States, and scores of serial issues, valuable
brochures, and books of interest to the medical and
scientific world, bear his imprint as publisher, and
owe to him the inspiration of their authorship.

He possesses large real estate interests, particu-
larly in Grosse Pointe, where he has not only estab-
lished the nucleus of a suburban village, but has
also an extensive stock and dairy farm.

He is a Republican in political faith, and earnestly
interested in the success of his party, but with the
exception of two years' service in the Board of
Education, has never held public ofifice. He has
been publicly mentioned for various important
official positions, particularly as member of Congress,
Mayor, and Park Commissioner, but is in no sense
an office seeker. He is a director in the Grosse
Pointe Club and a member of various social clubs,
military and other organizations, and socially is
warm-hearted, affable, unassuming, and courteous,
and worthy of the esteem in which he is held. He
is an attendant of the Fort, Street Presbyterian
Church, is liberal in his contributions to public
objects, and has few equals of his years among the
successful business men in the city or State. He is
unmarried, and lives with his father's family.

SOLOMON DAVIS, one of the oldest residents
of Detroit, was born at Rockingham, Vermont,
March 17, 1792, and was the first son of Joshua and
Rhoda (Balcom) Davis. The first of the family, on
the paternal side, in America, came from England,
and landed in New England about the year 1670.
After the manner of many of the pioneers, he
moved from place to place, and was actively engaged
in the various wars with the Indians. Nathaniel
Davis, the grandfather of Solomon Davis, was born
in the town of Petersham, Massachusetts, Novem-
ber 13, 171 5. He married Susanna Hubbard, who
was born April 10, 1720. They settled in Barre,
Massachusetts, where most of their children were
born. They afterwards, about the year 1758,
located at the place now called Charleston, in New
Hampshire. It then contained but four log houses,
which, on their arrival, Were found to have been
ravaged by the Indians, the windows and doors
were open, and the floor strewn with various relics
pertaining to household occupancy. This fact aided
in determining his decision to join the forces raised
for the war against the French and Indians. He

entered the service, and was wounded in one of the
skirmishes in his right shoulder, but succeeded in
avoiding capture. At the close of the war he pur-
chased a farm at Rockingham, Windham County,
Vermont, where he cultivated the soil under great
difficulties, being continually exposed to Indian
attacks, and constantly compelled to guard against
them. He subsequently purchased a larger and
better farm on the north side of the Williams
River, near the town of Rockingham, where he
resided until his death. He was a very pious man,
puritanical in turn, and possessing the fighting
qualities so desirable among the early settlers. He
had seven children, three girls and four boys. His
wife was drowned in 1770, while trying to ford the
Williams River, at Chester, Vermont. Joshua
Davis, his fourth child, was born February 29, 1750.
Remaining at home in his earlier youth, he assisted
his father until the opening of the Revolutionary
War, and then just prior to the battle of Bunker
Hill, he joined the colonial forces, and while acting
on the staff of the commanding general was
severely wounded by a musket ball. On recover-
ing from his wound, he was assigned to a company
of the Green Mountain boys of Vermont, and
arrived upon the field just after the battle of Ben-
nington. He subsequently served in the army
under Gates, Arnold, Washington, Lafayette, and
Greene, being actively engaged in many of the
battles of the Revolution, and was present at the
surrender of Burgoyne. At the close of the war he
purchased a farm near Newfane, Vermont, and
there at the age of forty married Mrs. Myrick nee
Rhoda Balcom. She was a descendant of an Eng-
lish family, which originally resided in a small
hamlet in England, called Balcombe, a name derived
from the Saxon, signifying a dale or hollow at the
foot of hills or highland. The Balcom family are
all long lived, and from the first settlement in
America have resided in Sudbury, Massachusetts.
John Balcom, the first of the family in America, was
born in 1657, and died in 1742.

Henry Balcom, the father of Rhoda Balcom, was
born in 1742. He was accidentally killed in 1840,
being thrown from his horse and dragged some dis-
tance with his foot in the stirrup. He married
Kesia Stowe in 1761, and had eight children and
fifty-nine grandchildren. He served in the Revo-
lutionary War in various capacities, from the day
of the battle of Bennington to the close of the war.
His father moved with his family from Sudbury,
Massachusetts, to Newfane, Vermont, very early,
if not prior to the commencement of the Revolu-
tionary War. After the Revolutionary War he
moved with his family from Newfane, Vermont, to
Oxford, Chenango County, New York, where he
remained the rest of his life. He was accidentally

t^/

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

I187

killed at the age of seventy-two years, by being
thrown from his horse. He had seven children
and fifty-nine grandchildren. Two of the latter,
Lyman and Ransom, were appointed to the bench,
and served as Judges of the Supreme Court of the
State of New York, in which State their numerous
descendants have principally settled.

Rhoda Balcom, wife of Joshua Davis, died in
August, 1802, and in 1804 he married Mary Blake,
of Rockingham. It is an interesting fact, as show-
ing her health and vitality, that at the age of ninety
she rode forty miles on horseback in one day. She
died July 21, 1852, at the age of ninety-two years.
Her husband, Joshua Davis, had five children, three
boys and two girls. He died at Newfane, June
24, 1838.

After obtaining as thorough an education as the
facilities of that day in Vermont afforded, Solomon
Davis engaged in farming, and continued in that
occupation until 181 3, when, taking advantage of
the restrictions placed upon commercial relations
with England by the embargo, and the existing
need of woolen goods in this country, he invested
what capital he had in a woolen manufactory, at
Weathersfield, Vermont, and continued the business
until about 1826, when the resumption of commer-
cial relations with Great Britain, and competition
with English manufacturers, compelled him and
many other American woolen manufacturers, to
suspend. Mr. Davis, however, paid all his debts in
full, but had only twenty dollars left as the result
of his industry up to that date, and on June 8, 1830,
he crossed the Green Mountains on foot, obtained a
passage by canal boat to Buffalo, and then em-
barked on the steamer Superior for Detroit, arriving
here on the 24th of June following.

Shortly after his arrival in Detroit, he obtained
the position of Superintendent of the Detroit Hy-
draulic Company, organized to supply the city with
water. He superintended the laying of the iron
and wooden pipes, which, though but three inches
in diameter, were considered sufficient for the
necessities of the city at that time. During the
year he returned to Vermont, and brought back his
family. Early in 1833 he established a brass
foundry, and continued in this line of business until
1879, when he gave up active work. He reared a
large family amid comfortable and pleasant sur-
roundings, and in a long life of patient, persistent
industry, conscientious devotion to duty, and in an
honest, manly character, he gives them an inherit-
ance which is above price. At ninety-six years of
age he is hale and hearty, and possesses remark-
able vigor of mind and body.

He was married in 1825, to Anne H. Duncan.
They had eight children, four girls and four boys,
five of whom, three daughters, Mrs. George F.

Turrill, Mrs. Charles Ketchum, of Detroit, and
Mrs. Charles S. Bartlett, of Chicago, and two sons,
George S. Davis, and James E. Davis, of Detroit,
are living. The mother died on May 28, 1848, and
on March 11, 1852, Mr. Davis married, as his second
wife, Mrs. Elvira A. Campbell, of Detroit. She is
still living, in the best of health and spirits' and in
full possession of her faculties, at the advanced age
of eighty-four years.

ALEXANDER DeLANO, one of the leading
manufacturers of Detroit, was born in Oneida
County, New York, April 25, 1842. His ancestors
were Huguenots and came from France to this
country early in the eighteenth century, first settling
in Massachusetts and afterwards removing to Ver-
mont. His father, SafTord S. DeLano, was born in
St. Albans, Vermont, in 1800. While a young man
he located in Massachusetts. In 1840 he moved to
Oneida County, New York, where he remained about
eight years. In 1848 he removed to Brooklyn, New
York, embarked in mercantile business, and died
four years later. His wife, Clarissa Cook DeLano,
w^as born in Berkshire, Massachusetts, in 1800, and
died at Detroit in 1884.

Alexander DeLano was the youngest son of eight
children, and until about fifteen years of age at-
tended school in Brooklyn, New York. In 1857 he
started West and at Mt. Clemens, Michigan,
engaged as clerk in the dry goods store of Moore
Stephens, where he remained about four years. In
July, 1 86 1, he enlisted at Fort Wayne, in the Fifth
Michigan Infantry, the regiment being assigned to
the Army of the Potomac. At the front, Mr.
DeLano was soon made Regimental Quartermas-
ter Sergeant, but on account of deafness, contracted
in the service, he was unable to fill a higher rank
which was offered and the same reason caused him
to be honorably discharged in 1863. In the latter
part of 1863 he located in Buffalo, New York, and
engaged in the hard timber trade. In 1868 he came
to Detroit and entered the employ of James McMil-
lan, in the Michigan Car Works, where he remained
ten years.

In 1878, in connection with J. S. Newberry, he
organized the Detroit Car Spring Company, of
which he was made treasurer and general manager,
and in 1881, with others, organized the Detroit
Steelworks. In 1 883 these two corporations were
consolidated under the name of the Detroit Steel
and Spring Works, and Mr. DeLano was chosen
president and manager. The company employ
over three hundred men and turn out from five to
six hundred tons of manufactured steel per month.

JEREMIAH DWYER was born in Brooklyn,
New York, August 22, 1837. When he was

ii88

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

scarcely a year old, his parents removed to Detroit
and settled on a farm in the township of Springwells,
about four miles from the city, remaining there
until 1848. In that year, while his father was
driving a team of spirited young horses near the
railroad, they were frightened by a locomotive and
ran away, and Mr. Dwyer was thrown out and
killed. The family then consisted of his wife, his
son Jeremiah, and two younger children, James
Dwyer, now manager of the Peninsular Stove Com-
pany, and one sister, now Mrs. M. Nichols.

After his father's death, Jeremiah, though only
eleven years of age, tried for a year or two to aid
his mother in managing the farm, but found it
unprofitable work, and finally his mother, feeling
the necessity of giving her children better educa-
tional advantages than could be had in that vicinity,
sold their country home, and purchased a residence
in Detroit. With the other children Jeremiah now
enjoyed a few years' training in the public schools,
but as their means were limited, he found it neces-
sary to obtain employment, which he secured in
the saw and planing mill of Smith & Dwight,
where he remained about a year. At that time it
was quite difficult to get an opportunity to learn
a trade, but through the influence of friends, Mr.
Dwyer secured an opportunity to learn the trade of
moulding at the Hydraulic Iron Works, then con-
ducted by Kellog & Van Schoick, and afterwards
owned and managed by O. M. Hyde & Co., with
the late Captain R. S. Dillon as superintendent.
Mr. Dwyer had to agree that he would serve four
years as an apprentice and make good all lost time,
and did so to the satisfaction of his employers,
receiving at the expiration of his apprenticeship a
letter of recommendation which he still prizes
highly.

At the conclusion of his apprenticeship he worked
as journeyman in several eastern stove foundries,
perfecting himself in his trade. He then returned
to Detroit, and on account of poor health, resulting
from too close confinement to his trade, accepted
a position on the D. & M. R. R. for about a year,
and was then offered a position as foreman in one
of our leading foundries. About the same time a
reaper works and stove foundry was started on the
corner of Mt. Elliott Avenue and Wight Street, by
Ganson & Mizner, but for some reason was not
successful, and the property coming into the hands
of T. W. Mizner, he made Mr. Dwyer a proposi-
tion to engage in the stove business, and finally
they made an arrangement under the firm name of
J. Dwyer & Co., which continued about two years.
W. H. Tefft then bought Mr. Mizner's interest, but
the firm continued under the old name for about a
year, and in 1864 M. I. Mills joined them and they
formed a stock company, under the name of the

Detroit Stove Works, with Mr. Dwyer as manager.
In 1869 he superintended the construction of the new
Detroit Stove Works in Hamtramck, and in the
winter of 1870, through over anxiety and exposure
in moving to and starting up the new works, he
took a severe cold which settled on his lungs, and
by advice of his physician he went South. Fearing
he would not return, he sold his interest to his
brother James, but after spending some time in the
South, he returned home in the summer of 1871,
and through* the persuasions of Alfred and Charles
Ducharme, decided to again ^engage in stove
manufacturing. Associating himself with Charles
Ducharme, and with Richard H. Long as secretary,
in the fall of 1871 they bought the Ogden & Rus-
sel property, at the foot of Adair Street, at the
outlet of the " Bloody Run," and immediately com-
menced getting materials together for a new stove
manufactory. The winter setting in early, they
were unable to start their building as at first ex-
pected, and during the winter of 1871-72, the late
M. I. Mills proposed to put in his property front-
ing on Jefferson Avenue and Adair Street, at first
cost, and join them in this enterprise. His offer
was accepted, and a few months later they were
joined by Geo. H. Barbour, and formed the Michi-
gan Stove Company, the officers being Charles
Ducharme, president ; M. I. Mills, vice-president ;
George H. Barbour, secretary; R. H. Long, superin-
tendent, and Jeremiah Dwyer, manager. As the
spring opened they pushed the erection of their
buildings on the corne?- of Jefferson Avenue and
Adair Street, as fast as possible, and here improved
and extended their works and facilities as the times
would warrant, till to-day this establishment will
compare favorably with any works in the world in
quality and quantity of their goods. At the death
of Mr. Ducharme, Francis Palms was elected
president, and on the death of M. I. Mills, in 1882,
Mr. Dwyer was made vice-president and manager,
and after the death of Mr. Palms, in 1886, Mr.
Dwyer became president, which office he still holds.
He was among the first organizers and is still a
director of the People's Savings Bank, is vice-presi-
dent of Bucks' Stove and Range Company, of St.
Louis, Mo., and a stockholder in several other
enterprises. *

In the early days of the old volunteer Fire De-
partment, he took an active part and for a number
of years was foreman of No. 7, and later was one
of the trustees of the Fire Department Society.

He holds to the Roman Catholic faith, and is a
worthy representative of that church. In politics
he is a staunch Democrat, but though often solicited
to be a candidate, has been too much engrossed in
business to take an active part in politics, 'enter-
tains no ambition for the distinctions of office, and

/ ^

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1 189

with the exception of serving one term on the
Board of Estimates, has held no public position.

He is liberal-minded in his views on religion and
politics, and generous to all charitable institutions ;
is possessed of sound judgment, and has achieved
great success as a manager of men. He is patient,
untiring, industrious, modest and practical — a man
of deeds rather than words. He has never over-
reached nor attempted what w^as beyond his
capacity to accomplish, is exceedingly cautious in
all business matters, and his work is always so
methodical that its results may be anticipated with
reasonable certainty. Possessed of a quick and
active disposition, with great force of character and
genial and happy temperament, he commands the
respect of all with whom he is associated.

He was married November 22, 1859, to Mary
Long, daughter of John Long and Elizabeth (Bais-
ley) Long. They have one daughter and seven

JACOB BEALE FOX was born in Louisville,
Kentucky, January 12, 1831. His father was of
English descent, and died while in California, where
he had gone to try and build up his failing health.
The son attended school but little after he was
eleven years of age, as he was compelled to earn
his own living.

During the War with Mexico, he enlisted as a
soldier in the First Kentucky Regiment, and upon
his return from the war, visited California with his
father, and soon afterwards started a confectionery
business in New Albany, Indiana, but thinking to
better his prospects in Kalamazoo, Michigan, he re-
moved there in 1856, and ten years later came to
Detroit, and with Jacob Bristol established a whole-
sale confectionery establishment, under the firm
name of J. B. Fox & Company.

In 1869 the firm of William Phelps & Company
became interested in the establishment, and in 1 870
it was consolidated with the firm of Pilgrim & Gray,
and the firm of Gray, Toynton & Fox established.
They soon became the largest and most successful
confectioners in Detroit, and were widely known for
the extent and quality of their productions. Mr.
Fox personally superintended the manufacturing
department, and invented quite a number of
machines for use in the manufacture of confection-
ery, among them one for stamping out lozenges.

He was a man of strict integrity, was a genial
companion, and had the confidence of all who knew
him. His health becoming impaired, he went South,
and while visiting at his sister's, at Samuel's Station,
in Nelson County, Kentucky, he was taken violently
ill, and died there on May 16, 1881.

He was married in 1853, to Marian Epperson, a
relative of President Polk. They had three chil-

dren, two of whom died, George L. Fox, of Detroit,
being their only surviving child. On July 12, 1877,
he married Mary S. McGregor, a direct descendant
of Rob Roy, the noted Scottish chieftain. They
had two children. Mrs. Fox and one son, John
Murray Fox, are living.

GEORGE H. GALE was born in Barre, Ver-
mont, February 23, 1826. His grandfather. Brooks
Gale, was one of the first two settlers of Barre, the
other being David French; they were both from
Massachusetts. George Gale, the father of George
H. Gale, was born in Barre, Vermont, and married
Harriet Stone. He moved to Hillsdale County,
with his family, in 1837, and in 1840, established the
first plow works in that county, at Moscow.

George H. Gale began to care for himself at the
age of ten. He had attended a common school
and made the best use of his few opportunities. In
1845 he removed to Kalamazoo, and engaged with
Allen Potter in the hardware business, remaining
there until 1849, when he went by the overland
route to California, and there engaged in mining
and other operations for four years. In 1854 he
returned to Kalamazoo, and resumed the hardware
business with Mr. Potter, continuing until 1867.
Meantime, as early as 1855, he became identified
with the manufacture of agricultural implements, in
connection with his brothers, Charles, H. J., N. B.,
and Horatio Gale, who had works at Kalamazoo,
Jonesville, and Albion, Michigan. George H. Gale
is a stockholder in the Gale Manufacturing Com-
pany, at Albion, and in 1883 took a leading part in
the organization of the Gale Sulky Harrow Com-
pany, of Detroit, became its general manager, and
early in January, 1884, removed his residence to this
city.

The Gale Sulky Harrow is founded upon a
patent obtained by his brother, Horatio Gale, in
1880. The company own the entire right to manu-
facture, and have shops for the manufacture of
harrows in Canada. Their works, in Detroit, are
located on Milwaukee Avenue, in the most advan-
tageous position for the railroads, and they have
contributed materially to the building up of that
part of the city. They can turn out one hundred
harrows a day.

Mr. Gale, having assisted his brothers in the
development of the patent, has devoted his energies
to the organization and management of a company
that should utilize it and give its practical benefits
to the agriculturists of the country. In this he has
been very successful. He is a thorough business
man, trained in the school of experience, active,
clear-headed, and self-reliant. His opinions are
not borrowed from others, but are the result of
investigation and consideration. He is courteous

IIQO

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

and obliging in his intercourse with all, an excellent
organizer of labor, and a successful financier. He
is a Republican, and formerly gave much time to
politics in the Fourth District, but since coming to
Detroit has devoted himself exclusively to business,
and to the interests of his family.

He was married November 5, 1855, to Ellen S.
Brown, of Kalamazoo, and has three daughters,
Elnora, Winifred, and Blanche.

JOHN S. GRAY was born in Edinburgh, Scot-
land, on October 5, 1841, and with his parents,
Philip C. and Amelia Gray, came to America when
he was eight years old. His father was a crockery
merchant in Edinburgh, where his ancestors had
lived for many generations. They sailed from Liv-
erpool on April 6, 1849, ^^d soon after arriving
here, settled on a farm in Wisconsin. They soon
found that farm life did not agree with them, and
therefore sold the property, and in May, 1857, moved
to Detroit. John S. Gray, who was now sixteen
years old, attended the Capitol School, taught by
Professor Olcott, and upon the opening of the High
School, was one of the first pupils, remaining until
the fall of 1858. In the winter of that year he
engaged in teaching at Algonac, and while thus
employed, his father purchased a small toy store
on the west side of Woodward Avenue, near Larned
Street.

In the spring of 1859, he entered his father's
store, and began a business career that has been
remarkably successful. In 1861 they sold out the
stock of toys, formed a copartnership with C. Pel-
grim, under the firm name of Pelgrim, Gray &
Company, and manufactured candy in a small way
until January, 1862, when the store and stock were
destroyed by fire. They immediately reopened at
143 Jefferson Avenue, with much enlarged capacity
and increased trade. Soon after this the elder Mr.
Gray retired from the business, and Messrs.#Pelgrim
& Gray received into partnership Joseph Toynton,
who had previously been in the employ of William
Phelps & Company, wholesale grocers, and in 1865,
on the retirement of Mr. Pelgrim, the style of the
firm was changed to Gray & Toynton. The busi-
ness continued to increase so as to require an
enlargement of their building, which was accord-
ingly made, and in the spring of 1870, J. B. Fox
was admitted as a partner, the style of the firm
becoming Gray, Toynton & Fox. In the fall of
1870, the demands of their business compelled them
to seek larger quarters, and they purchased and
removed to the building on the southeast corner of
Woodbridge and Bates Streets, where they still
remain, three separate enlargements having been
made to accommodate their ever increasing trade.
In the spring of 1881 both Mr. Toynton and Mr.

Fox died ; the respective interests of the deceased
partners were soon after withdrawn, -and the firm
was succeeded by an incorporated company, under
the same name and style. Since 1881 an adjoin-
ing store has been required to accommodate the
business, which gives employment to from one
hundred and fifty to two hundred hands, according
to the season, and is the largest establishment of
the kind in Michigan. Mr. Gray has been Presi-
dent and manager of the corporation since its
organization. As a business man, he ranks among
the first in the city, both as to efficiency and pro-
bity of character. He is careful and economical,
yet bold and enterprising, possessing a rare combi-
nation of push and conservatism that has made his
success certain and continuous. He is well read in
general literature, a close student in several lines of
thought, and withal an earnest student of the Scrip-
tures. In politics he is liberal and independent,
and in the old anti-slavery days was an Abolitionist.
He has been a member of the Christian Church
since 1857, and an active worker in missions and
Sunday-schools.

To recruit his health, he made an extended tour
through Europe and the East in 1872, visiting
Egypt, Palestine, and other parts of Asia Minor, as
well as his old home in Scotland. He derived so
much benefit that he renewed the trip, in part, in
1883, visiting Scotland, France, and Italy, and his
health was greatly improved.

He married Anna E. Hayward, at Beloit, Wis-
consin, on October 31, 1864. They have three sons
and one daughter. The eldest son, Philip H., is in
the office of the company at Detroit ; the second
son, Paul, is a student in the University of Michi-
gan ; the others are at home.

THOMAS F. GRIFFIN was born in Limerick,
Ireland, December 18, 1826. When about eleven
years old, he determined to seek his own and a
better fortune in the New World. Accordingly, in
the spring of 1838, he left Limerick for Liverpool,
and at the latter place took passage for America.
On the arrival of the vessel at Quebec, he worked
his way to Rochester, New York, and that place
came near being his permanent residence, for he
remained there thirty-five years. His first occupa-
tion in Rochester was at general work, in a flour
mill. He stayed at this employment about three
years, and during the winter months attended the
Rochester High School. After leaving the mill, he
worked at various occupations, and finally, in 1843,
went as an apprentice for Messrs. Traver & Bene-
dict, proprietors of the old Rochester foundry,
agreeing to remain with them four years. This
connection proved a fortunate one. The firm was
highly reputable and well known in connection with

} /

•'c

V, '//o',

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

II9I

the building of the Rochester & Auburn Railroad.
By the time he had served his apprenticeship, he
was competent to take charge of the foundry, where
he remained for over a quarter of a century.
Meanwhile, in 1848, soon after his apprenticeship
ended, he married, and has six children, two sons
and four daughters.

Mr. Griffin, as early as 1844, within a year from
the time he entered the foundry, was engaged
in making the old-fashioned split-hub wheels,
zinced and banded with wrought bands around the
hubs. Three years later, the first solid hub and
double plate car wheels were made in Rochester, by
Mr. Washburne, of Worcester, Massachusetts, and
almost immediately Mr. Griffin's employers pro-
cured wheel patterns, core boxes, and chills, and
began the manufacture of said wheels. Since that
date, the time and thought, the energy and experi-
ence of Mr. Griffin have been ceaselessly devoted to
the making of chilled wheels, and for many years
before leaving Rochester, he made them under con-
tract. That he has been remarkably successful in
producing superior wheels, and in immense quanti-
ties, is a fact well known to all interested in the
rolling stock of railroads. His success has not been
alone his own ; his two sons, after completing their
education, preferring the business of their father
above any other, entered it with the purpose of
fully mastering all the details. With this idea
Thomas A. entered the foundry in 1868, and P. H.
Griffin the following year. Both of them, by prac-
tical, personal work, became thoroughly familiar
with the business, and together father and sons
have pushed the business to its present large pro-
portions.

Mr. Griffin's coming to Detroit grew out of a
visit paid to the city by one of his sons. An inter-
view with Mr. James McMillan resulted in their
removal to Detroit early in January, 1873, under a
contract with the Michigan Car Company, to put
the Detroit Car Wheel Company's shops, at Grand
Trunk Junction, in working order, and manufacture
all their car wheels and castings, for a term of five
years. Mr. Griffin succeeded in having them in
full operation in April of the same year.

After the completion of the shops, he remained
with the company four years, and in September,
1877, erected a foundry of his own, in its present
location on Foundry Street, adjoining the Michigan
Central Railroad tracks. Commencing with only
thirty chills and nine men, and turning out but
eighteen wheels per day, and no other castings of any
kind, the business has steadily increased until the
works at Detroit occupy about five acres of ground,
with a foundry seven hundred feet long and sixty-
five feet wide, besides other buildings, and can turn
out all kinds of chilled wheels and castings, of both

iron and brass. Their capacity is two hundred and
fifty wheels per day, or seventy-five thousand per
year. They also turn out about seven thousand
five hundred tons of castings, and employ from two
hundred to three hundred men, and sell to the
principal railroads in the United States and Canada.

An associated corporation, known as the Griffin
Wheel and Foundry Company, of Chicago, is con-
trolled and managed by Mr. Thomas A. Griffin,
and manufactures about three hundred wheels per
day. The Ajax Forge Company, of Chicago, is
also under his management, and produces various
kinds of railroad necessities, such as frogs, crossings,
rail braces, links, pins, etc. This company employs
about three hundred men. The extensive foundry
in Buffalo, established under the name of Thomas
F. Griffin & Sons, which is managed by Mr. P. H.
Griffin, is also a part of their system of foundries,
and has a capacity of fifty thousand wheels per
year and seven thousand five hundred tons of cast-
ings, and employs from one hundred and fifty to
two hundred men. The St. Thomas Car Wheel
Company, of Canada, of which Mr. P. H. Griffin is
also manager, is conducted by the Messrs. Griffin,
they owning two-thirds interest of the business, and
Mr. C. Sheehy, of Detroit, one-third. This estab-
lishment has a capacity for two hundred and fifty
wheels per day, and about one thousand five hun-
dred tons of castings yearly. These concerns have
an average capital of $80,000.

The Griffin Car Wheel Company, of Detroit, was
organized in October, 1877, with a capital of
$30,000, all paid in. On March 20, 1880, it was
increased to $50,000; in July, 1881, to $100,000;
and in January, 1884, to $150,000. The officers,
from 1877 to 1 88 1, were: Thomas F. Griffin,
President; Dr. D. O. Farrand, Vice-President;
Thomas A. Griffin, Secretary; and P. H. Griffin,
Treasurer.

After the death of Dr. Farrand, T. A. Griffin
became Vice-President, and P. H. Griffin, Secretary
and Treasurer. In 1886, Mr. P. H. Griffin removed
to Buffalo, to take charge of the interests there an4
at St. Thomas, and since then Thomas F. Griffin
has been President and Treasurer; Thomas A,
Griffin, Vice-President : E. A. Wales, Secretary ;
and -Joseph P. Cullen, Superintendent. The suc-
cessful management of large business operations
has naturally increased Mr. Griffin's native self-
reliance. He has, however, been conservative in
his plans, but also quick to take" advantage of favor-
able opportunities, and has been especially favored
in having in his sons the help of capable and pro-
gressive coadjutors. He is a member of the Catholic
Church, but liberal in his feelings towards those of
another faith, and socially, as well as in his family,
is a warm-hearted and appreciative companion and

iig2

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

friend. As a business man, his record is without
reproach, and is a notable example of success
achieved by individual exertion.

GILBERT HART was born at Wallingford,
Rutland County, Vermont, August ii, 1828, and is
the son of Irad and Lucinda (Wright) Hart. His
American ancestors were natives of New England,
his grandfather, Amasa Hart, was born at Walling-
ford, Connecticut, and went to Vermont prior to
the Revolution.

The early life of Gilbert Hart was spent on a
farm. His father died when he was fifteen years
old, but his health had been so feeble for many
years before his death, that the care of the house-
hold devolved in part upon his sons. Gilbert Hart
remained in Vermont until the breaking out of the
War of the Rebellion, and then in November, 1861,
he enlisted for three years in the Third Company
of Vermont Sharp-shooters, of which he was elected
Captain. This company, after its muster in the
Union service, became Company H, of the Second
Regiment of United States Sharp-shooters, and
formed a part of the Army of the Potomac. Cap-
tain Hart served through the campaign of 1862,
and a portion of the winter of 1863. His health
then failed, and being physically unfit for service, he
was honorably discharged in January, 1863.

After his discharge he returned to East Dorset,
Vermont, and in 1865, came to Detroit. He pos-
sesses natural mechanical genius, and* his attention
being directed to the manner of producing emery
wheels, he worked out several improved methods of
manufacture, securing various patents, including one
for a process of strengthening, which has proved
superior to all other methods in execution of work ^
and durability. He commenced the manufacture of
emery wheels in a limited way in 1871, and the
business has steadily grown in extent until at the
present time it is the largest emery wheel manu-
factory in the United States, and the only one west
of Pennsylvania. The plant on Field Avenue, fur-
nishing employment to about fifty men, is complete
in every particular, nearly all the appliances used in
the manufacture of emery wheels and the machinery
connected with their use, being the result of Mr.
Hart's ingenuity. The productions are sold all
over the United States, wherever metal is worked.
Mr. Hart is the sole proprietor, and in the de-
velopment of this field of industry has labored
persistently and arduously, and his success is aljke
creditable to his mechanical ingenuity and business
ability.

In 1884, with C. A. Strelinger, he founded the large
retail hardware store of C. A. Strelinger & Com-
pany ; he has also become financially interested in
various business enterprises in Detroit, and in 1888,

was elected the first president of the newly organized
Central Savings Bank. His time and energies,
however, are chiefly given to the manufacturing
interest of which he is the creator, and in which he
takes a pardonable pride.

He is a strong Republican in politics, but is not
an active participant in political affairs. He is a
member and a regular attendant at the Unitarian
Church, is an appreciative friend, has a generous
nature, is devoid of all pretense or show, naturally
retiring in disposition, thoroughly domestic in his
tastes, and possesses the fullest confidence of all
who know him.

He was married in February, 1858, to Calista
Giddings, of Cavendish, Vermont. They have but
one child, Frederick P., born in July, 1875.

SAMUEL F. HODGE was born in Cornwall,
England, March 6, 1822. His father was head
blacksmith in a notable mine, and the son naturally
gravitated into, and, in fact, grew up in the same
line of business. Educated under the eye of his
father, he was early initiated into active work, and
when but seventeen, was at the head of one of the
shops in his native place, and continued in Cornwall
until 1849, and then, being determined to better his
condition, he bid a temporary adieu to his wife and
his two children, and emigrated to America, landing
at New Orleans in the early part of the year. At
New Orleans he took passage on a steamer for the
north, and made his first stop of any moment, at
Toledo. He soon decided to leave there and came
to Detroit.

Soon after his arrival here, on November 19, 1849,
a fire destroyed the officers' quarters at Fort Wayne,
near the city, and Mr. Hodge was engaged to
demolish the walls, in order to prepare the way for
a new structure. His work was satisfactorily per-
formed, and, his abilities becoming known, he was
engaged to make the wrought iron work used in
connection with the building of the fort, and was so
employed until 1851, and in the meantime he sent
over for his wife and children. He was next em-
ployed as foreman in the iron foundry of DeGraff &
Kendrick, located on the corner of Earned and
Fourth Streets, remaining with them until 1854,
and then engaging with their successors, the Detroit
Locomotive Works. He remained with this estab-
lishment until 1858, when he left to go into business
on his own account. The time was favorable for
such an adventure. The development of the Lake
Superior mines had begun to assume importance,
and there was an active demand for improved
methods of reducing the ore. Mr. Hodge's early
experience now served him well, and being familiar
with mining methods in Cornwall, he resolved to
devote his attention to mining machinery. Opening

(^O^n^'fiJ/f/U

/6'£

^•///^vy ///^ ^A^^^^

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

193

an office, he was soon supplying various mines with
their mining equipment, and, in fact, served as
mining expert, and filled the place of a consulting
engineer for several companies.

In 1863, the business changes incident to the War
with the South led him to discontinue his business
as a contractor, and he engaged directly in manufac-
turing. With William Cowie, T. S. Christie, and
William L. Barclay, he organized the firm of
Cowie, Hodge & Company, and commenced the
manufacture of steam engines and heavy machin-
ery, at the corner of Atwater and Rivard Streets.
After two years the firm changed to Hodge &
Christie, and four years later Mr. Hodge became
sole proprietor of the establishment. His business
was continuously prosperous, and in 1 876 he erected,
on Atwater Street, the very extensive and complete
establishment known as the Riverside Iron Works.
It has a plant second to that of none other in the
city, and possesses the advantage of an extensive
river frontage, and all modern appliances for the
speedy and perfect execution of work. For seven
years after the completion of this establishment he
conducted it alone, and then, desiring relief from
some of the responsibility of its management, he
secured the formation of a corporation, under the
name of Samuel F. Hodge & Company, and served
as President of the same. Meantime, from 1871
to 1879, he served as one of the Board of Water
Commissioners, and could have had other important
offices had he been willing to accept them. The
story of his life clearly indicates great force of
character, and mental endowments of a high order.
He mastered easily all details connected with the
science of mechanics, thought his way clear through
the most difficult problems, and was practically, as
well as in theory, acquainted wath the various
details of his business. He was quick to notice any
carelessness on the part of his workmen, and equally
ready to commend and reward those whose endeav-
ors were worthy of notice. His business success
was almost unvarying and entirely the result of his
own patient and diligent endeavors.

He was not only a worker but a student, and kept
abreast of the times in the reading pertaining to
his occupation ; he was also a lover of the old Eng-
lish classics, and his close reading gave him rare
powers of language, and in a controversy upon
mechanical subjects, with any foeman worthy of
his steel, there was no uncertainty as to the result.
He was fearless in his advocacy of what he deemed
the truth, scrupulously honest, and his business
life was without a stain. He died on April 14, 1884,
leaving a wife and five children, his son, Harry S.
^odge, succeeding him as President of the foundry
corporation.

FREDERICK A. HUBEL was born at Noerd-
lingen, Bavaria, January i, 1846. His parents,
John and Lisette (Moetzel) Hubel, came to America
during the year 1852, and soon after their arrival
settled in St. Clair, St. Clair County, Michigan, re-
maining there until the spring of 1853, when they
moved to Missouri, near Council Bluffs, Iowa. They
remained there only about a year, returning in
1 854 to St. Clair, where the elder Mr. Hubel engaged
in the grocery business. He died in 1871, leaving
a widow and five children, Frederick A., Charles,
Barbara, John, and Augusta. Frederick A. at-
tended the public school at St. Clair until 1862,
and then, at the age of sixteen, engaged as an
apprentice in a prescription drug store in Detroit,
and during the summer and fall of the following
year served as cabin assistant on a lake surveying
vessel. The following winter he attended the high
school at Ann Arbor, Michigan, preparatory to
entering the University, but his health failed and he
was obliged to give up his studies, and by the advice
of his friends, in the spring of 1864, he engaged as an
apprentice at sheet metal work, remaining four and
a half years. In the fall of 1868 he again engaged
as clerk in the drug business in Detroit, and in 1871
returned to Ann Arbor University to take a special
course in chemistry. After his return to Detroit, in
July, 1873, he began, in a limited way, the manufac-
ture of perfumes and extracts.

Early in 1874 his attention was called to empty
gelatine capsules, as an article which might
possibly be profitably manufactured in connection
with his other products. He immediately began
to experiment in their manufacture by hand, with
the assistance of one boy, and continued in this
way for over a year, and in 1875 invented and
completed the first machine for the manufacture
of capsules. He continued to improve his meth-
ods of manufacture, adding from time to time
new machinery for various details, of the w^ork,
all of which he designed and protected by letters
patent. In 1876 he employed six persons, and in
1888 employed one hundred and fifty. In his fac-
tory, shown elsewhere in this work, he manufactures
ten sizes of capsules, and sells his entire product to
Parke, Davis & Company, who supply the trade.

Mr. Hubel is progressive but cautious in his
business methods, and remarkably successful, and
is justly entitled to credit as the originator and
patentee of valuable machinery for the rapid manu-
facture of a valuable product, by w^hich one can
take medicines without of necessity tasting any of
their disagreeable compounds.

He was marrred to Camilla Scholes, of Detroit,
in 1878. They have four children, Maud, Fred-
erick, Gertrude, and Camilla.

1 194

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

JAMES McGregor was born at Kincardine,
Scotland, May lo, 1830, and bears the same name
as his father. On the paternal side he is descended
from Highland ancestry. His father who was a
farmer, pursued the trade of millwright and joiner in
connection with his farm labors, and emigrated to
Canada in 1858, settling on a farm near Hamilton,
where he remained until his death in 1876.

The boyhood of his son, James McGregor, was
passed at Kincardine, where he obtained a
thoroughly practical education in the excellent par-
ish schools of that place. He then, under his
father's direction, commenced a regular apprentice-
ship as a millwright and joiner. After acquiring
his trade he worked at different places in Scotland
and England until 1855, and then came to America
and settled in Hamilton, Ontario, where he obtained
employment in the car department of the Great
Western Railroad, remaining four years, the last
two as foreman. He then went to Sarnia and took
charge of the car department of the Great Western
Railroad at that place, where he remained vmtil
March, i860, when he came to Detroit and became
superintendent of the car department of the Detroit
and Milwaukee Railroad, then under the general
management of W. K. Muir, retaining this position
until March, 1879, when he was made general
superintendent of the Michigan Car Works, a post
he has since most ably filled. With long practical
experience in the line of his present work, great
natural mechanical skill, and unusual executive
force in the management of a large body of men,
he has become a valuable factor in the prosperity of
the concern with which he is connected. During
the period he has held his present position, the
capacity of the works has been many times enlarged,
at first manufacturing but three cars per day ; the
works now produce thirty-two per day. Mr. Mc-
Gregor is interested with the direct general manage-
ment of the entire working force of over two
thousand men, a work requiring a perfect knowl-*
edge of every detail of the business, and the exercise
of constant thought and care, as well as the posses-
sion of rare judgment and tact. In the performance
of these complicated duties, he has been conspicu-
ously successful, and has gained an enviable repu-
tation among the car builders throughout the United
States. His time is entirely given to his work with
a singleness of purpose and aim which, in a measure,
accounts for the high degree of. success he has
attained.

He is financially interested in several business
enterprises, and is the owner of a large farm near
St. Clair, on the river, in the cultivation of which
he takes great pleasure, and which forms his chief
diversion. He is thoroughly identified with Detroit,

hot only by residence and prominent connection
with its greatest inanufacturing interest, but in
numerous ways has shown himself a public-spirited
citizen, and an eminently worthy representative of
Scotch manliness, thrift, and persistent energy, and
has achieved a position alike honorable to his ances-
try and to himself. Socially, he is an agreeable,
affable gentleman. He is a member of the St.
Clair Fishing and Shooting Club, has been for many
years a member of the Central Presbyterian Church,
and for the last twelve years one of the trustees.

He was married in 1851 to Susan Christie, of
Scotland. They have had seven children, six of
whom are now living. His eldest son, James C.
McGregor, assists his father at the Michigan Car
Works.

JOSEPH BERTHELET MOORE was born in
Detroit, September 15, 1846, and is the son of J.
Wilkie and Margaret (Berthelet) Moore. The first
of his paternal ancestors in America, General Wil-
liam Moore, came from London, England, in 1770,
settled at Bolton, Massachusetts, and was a brave
and distinguished officer in the Revolutionary War.
He married Sarah Coolidge. Their son Aaron
married Mary Wilkie, of Schenectady, New York,
a descendant of Wilkie, the famous artist of Scot-
land. J. Wilkie Moore, son of Aaron and Mary
(Wilkie) Moore and the father of J. B. Moore, was
born at Geneva, New York, May 13, 18 14. He
came to Detroit in 1833, when Michigan was a ter-
ritory, the city of Detroit then containing but 2,600
inhabitants. After serving as a clerk for several
years, he opened a general store on Jefferson Ave-
nue, and a few years later went into the real estate
business, and was quite successful. He was in
the United States Custom Service for fourteen
years, for three years secret agent of the revenue
department, and afterwards United States Consul
at Windsor. He was married in 1843, to Margaret
Berthelet, daughter of Henry Berthelet, a leading
merchant of Detroit in its earlier days, a large prop-
erty owner, and a citizen of wealth and influence.
The Berthelets, who were natives of Southern
France, were early settlers in Detroit. Mr. Moore
still resides here, but for several years has lived a
retired life.

Joseph B. Moore was educated in the public
schools, and graduated from the High School in
1862. He entered upon a mercantile career by
becoming cashier in the retail dry goods store of
E. S. Parker, known as the People's Store, after-
wards conducted by H. Greening. His next posi-
tion was as assistant bookkeeper for Allan Shelden
& Company. A desire to engage in the banking
business caused him to leave this position, and being
unable to find a favorable opening in Detroit, in 1866

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

ii95

he went to Milwaukee, and became corresponding
clerk, and soon after teller in the First National Bank
of that city. Remaining there two years, he returned
to Detroit and entered the First National Bank as
discount clerk, a position he held for ten years.
Meantime, in 1875, Messrs. Jarvis & Hooper had
established a manufactory of fertilizers at the foot of
Leib Street, and in 1878, Mr. Moore resigned his
position in the bank, and purchased Mr. Hooper's
interest in the firm. Th^ business at the time was
conducted in a comparatively limited way. Upon
Mr. Moore's connection with it, the capacity of the
works was enlarged, additional capital invested, and
the company incorporated with a capital of $80,000.
Deming Jarvis was made president, and Mr. Moore
secretary and treasurer. The demand for their
productions grew rapidly, and in 1882 it was found
necessary to seek larger quarters. The capital
stock was then increased to $300,000, and eighty
acres of land on the river Rouge, in Springwells
township, were purchased, upon which there was
erected an extensive plant, especially adapted for
the purpose required. The products of the works
consist of various kinds of fertilizers, with all grades
of glue and bone black, and in the manufacture of
the latter article, they produce a larger quantity than
any other factory in the world. Thirty tons, or
three car loads of animal matter are ground up
every day. These are obtained from all over the
country, but of late years the principal source of
supply has been from the prairies of Texas and
the far West. The annual value of their products
exceeds $1,000,000, and over two hundred persons
are employed.

Mr. Moore was indefatigable in the building up
of this industry, and the success of the enterprise is
largely due to his energy, good judgment, and
intelligent effort. He was individually entrusted
with almost the entire management of the concern,
and the results have been eminently satisfactory.
His entire time, up to 1887, was given to the
undertaking to the exclusion of conflicting business
interests, a fact which, in a measure, explains his
success. In 1887 he became cashier of the newly
organized Peninsular Savings Bank, and under his
excellent management the bank has been remarka-
bly successful, reaching during its first year, a high
place among the best of the banking institutions
of the city.

He is a member of St. Aloysius Catholic Church,
and for many years has been President of the
Board of Trustees of Mount Elliott Cemetery.

Politically, Mr. Moore has always been an earnest
and active Republican, and has been a helpful fac-
tor in securing victories for his party in local and
State elections. As Chairman of the Detroit and
the Wayne County Republican Committees, he has

evinced excellent ability as an organizer, and is a
skillful and successful worker. He represented the
old Ninth Ward in the City Council during 1877-78,
and was appointed a member of the Poor Commis-
sion in 1880 by Mayor Thompson, and re-appointed
for another term in 1884 by Mayor Grummond,
and again re-appointed, for a third term, in 1888, by
Mayor Pridgeon. By virtue of the latter office, he
is one of the County Superintendents of the Poor
of Wayne County, to whoni is entrusted the care
and management of the Poor House and Insane
Asylum at Wayne. As a public official he has been
painstaking and efficient.

Personally he is an agreeable and pleasant gen-
tleman, social and warm-hearted. He is a member
of the Detroit and Grosse Pointe Club^, also presi-
dent of the Detroit Catholic Club, and in all that
constitutes an upright business man, a public-spirited
citizen and a progressive, useful member of the
community, is a worthy type of the younger business
element of Detroit.

He was married May 21, 1878, to Elizabeth W.
O'Hara, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

MICHAEL JOSEPH MURPHY was born at
Sarnia, Canada, February 22. 1851, and is the son
cff James and Catherine Murphy. Both of his
parents were natives of Ireland, and were born at
Limerick, where their ancestors lived for genera-
tions. His father came to America in 1832, and
became one of the earliest settlers in Lambton
County, Canada, where he remained until 1844,
when he removed to Iowa County, Wisconsin,
remaining there until 1849, when he returned to
Canada, and settled on a farm near the city of
Sarnia, where he was married and still resides.

His son, M. J. Murphy, after receiving the edu-
cational advantages of the excellent public schools
of his native place, came to Detroit in 1868, and
attended Goldsmith's Commercial College, and after
completing his course, spent nearly a year in that
institution as a teacher. He then served as book-
keeper for C. H. Dunks, manufacturer of bed
springs, and at the end of a year secured employ-
ment as bookkeeper in the Second National Bank
of Detroit, continuing in such capacity until the
latter part of 1872, when he purchased the manu-
facturing establishment of his former employer,
C. H. Dunks, then located on Griswold Street,
opposite the present Brunswick Hotel. At this
time the manufacture of bed springs, in a limited
way, constituted the sole business of the factory.
Under Mr. Murphy's energetic efforts, the business
rapidly increased in extent, and was soon removed
to 32 Woodward Avenue, where he remained two
years. The quarters formerly occupied by the
Detroit Chair Factory, on the corner of Fourth and

1 196

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

Porter Streets, were then secured, and in 1878 the
manufacture of chairs was there undertaken. This
line was not only an immediate success, but gradu-
ally superseded the former product of the factory,
and for several years has constituted the sole article
of manufacture. The superior quality and finish
of his work speedily created an extensive market,
and business grew so rapidly that, although addi-
tional buildings had been repeatedly erected to
increase the capacity of his works, larger quarters
were found necessary. To meet this demand, in 1B85
eight acres of land were purchased, upon which
two large four-story brick buildings were erected,
the capacity of which has since been increased by
the erection of other buildings, giving a floor capacity
of one hundred and thirty-two thousand square
feet, forming one of the best arranged and equipped
factories of its kind in the country, and giving em-
ployment to three hundred persons. The daily
product is one hundred dozen chairs, while the
value of the annual production exceeds $300,000.
These goods are sold all over the United States,
but chiefly in the States of Michigan, Indiana,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Although
known up to 1884 as the manufacturing establish-
ment of M. J. Murphy & Company, Mr. Murphy
was the sole owner and manager. At the date
named, a stock company was formed under the
same name, with a capital of $75,000, with Mr.
Murphy as President and Treasurer. Every year
since its establishment the concern has shown a
steady increase in the extent and quality of its
productions, with a constantly increasing market.
In a comparatively few years Mr. Murphy, virtually
single handed, has created an establishment which
is a material source of prosperity to Detroit, and it
is needless to say he has been an earnest, persever-
ing and intelligent worker.

The secret of success in most enterprises can be
traced to the individual effort of some one man,
and in no instance is this more conspicuous than in
this establishment. Its growth and development
are the best testimonials of the ability of Mr. Mur-
phy. The forces which have contributed to his
success have been concentration of energies to one
object, together with persistent and well directed
efforts, and ability to forecast business events and
to devise means to promptly meet them, coupled
with a high order of executive capacity. Few men
of his age, dependent solely upon their own exer-
tions, have reached a higher position in the manufac-
turing world. He is rather inclined to be cautious,
but adheres closely to a stand once taken, and wins
confidence by his fidelity to every obligation.

He is of generous impulses and pleasant disposi-
tion, and socially an agreeable companion. Naturally
independent in character, the usual party ties and

prejudices have little influence over his actions. In
business sagacity, integrity, and unsullied private
character, he is an excellent representative of the
younger element in the commercial activity of
Detroit.

He was married in 1877 to Eliza Gleeson, of
Sarnia, Canada. They have four sons and two
daughters.

DAVID OSGOOD PAIGE was born in Weare,
Hillsboro County, New Hampshire, September
14, 1833, and is the son of Osgood and Martha
(Blaisdell) Paige. His father was born at Weare,
February 18, 1794, and died in July, 1878. His
mother was born January 26, 1797, at Hopkinton,
New Hampshire, and died in September, 185 1.
The family trace their ancestry back to John Paige,
born in Dedham, England, in 1586, and came to
this country with Governor Winthrop, in 1630,
settled in the town of Dedham, Massachusetts, and
from there his sons settled in Maryland, New^ York,
and New Hampshire. Osgood Paige, father of
D. O. Paige, inherited the original homestead, in
Weare, and was one of the largest landholders in
Hillsboro County. He was a man of ability and
influence, strong and active in his religious convic-
tions, and an earnest advocate of temperance and
other moral reforms. In 1841 the family removed
to Manchester, which at that time was in its infancy,
and promised to become one of the largest manu-
facturing cities in the country. Here, as a child,
D. O. Paige came under the influences surrounding
manufacturing enterprises, and being naturally of
an inventive and mechanical mind, early and
earnestly sought employment, during his school
vacations, in various manufacturing establishments,
where he became familiar with the processes and
the operation of machinery in the manufacture
of fabrics. At the age of sixteen he finished his
studies at the Highland Lake Institute, at Andover,
and immediately apprenticed himself to the Amos-
keag Machine Shops, where he learned the machinist
trade in its various branches.

At the age of nineteen he was tendered, and
accepted, a position as foreman and contractor in
the Essex Machine Shop, at Lawrence, Massachu-
setts, where he remained five years, constantly
building up for himself a reputation as a mechanic.
Before he left he was offered, if he would remain,
the assistant superintendency of the works, which
employed at that time about twelve hundred men.
He declined the offer, believing that the West prom-
ised a larger and rhore remunerative field to a
young man who was willing to work, and early in the
spring of 1 857 went to Dayton, Ohio, and for one year
took charge of R. Dutton & Company's agricultural
implement shops. While there he invented and

7

*- '^-'/ /' /( ^

)

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

II97

patented an improvement in wheat drills, which
afforded him a handsome revenue for several years.
The disastrous panic of 1857 so stagnated the
manufacturing business, that Mr. Paige decided to
accept a position offered him by the American
Patent Company, of Cincinnati, and was placed at
the head of the department for giving practical
tests to newly invented machinery and making
mathematical calculations for mechanics. While
in this business, he became interested in the devel-
opment and manufacture of bank locks and safes,
and obtained a position with Hall, Carroll & Com-
pany, where he remained until 1865. During the
AVar of the Rebellion, this firm not only manufac-
tured safes and locks, but did a large amount of
work for the Government, altering muskets into
rifles, building army wagons, etc., the care of which
came largely upon Mr. Paige.

In July, 1865, Mr. Paige decided to come to
Detroit, and in company with John J. Bagley and
Z. R. Brockway established the manufacture of
safes, vault and jail work. They organized the
Detroit Safe Company, and immediately commenced
work, with Mr. Paige as manager. The company
organized with a capital of twenty thousand dollars,
and have steadily increased until they are now one
of the largest manufacturing establishments in the
State, and their products are known all over the
world. Mr. Paige is General Manager and Treas-
urer of the company, and to his efforts, ingenuity,
and mechanical skill are due the success they have
attained.

He has never sought or wished political honor,
is prominent socially, and in matters of business
and with his friends, is always agreeable and
pleasing. He has the power of largely impressing
others with his own ideas, is a ready talker, and
thoroughly well informed ; WTites forcibly and well
on mechanical matters, has the best executive
ability, readily grasps the details that make for
success, and by his acquaintances is esteemed as
a valuable and reliable friend.

Mr. Paige and his family, consisting of his wife
and two children, Frederick O. and Glenna B.
I^aige, are members of the Woodward Avenue
Baptist Church. Mr. Paige w^as first married Janu-
ary 31, 1 86 1, and to his present wife, January 10,
1 87 1. Her maiden name was Abbie H. Rogers.
She is the daughter of Amos and Eunice (Hatch)
Rogers ; her grandfather. Major Amos Rogers,
was killed in the battle of Lake Champlain, during
the War of 181 2.

HERVEY COKE PARKE traces his more
immediate ancestry to the ancient city of Bristol,
England. Early in the last century, his great-
grandfather, Daniel Parke, left that interesting

seaport where the waters of the Severn and the
Avon mingle with the sea, and sailed for the New
World. On his arrival here, he settled on the Con-
necticut, in the parish of Middle Haddam. He had
two children, whose names were John and Daniel.
It seems evident that the traditions and habits of
his native city clung to him in his new home. Com-
ing from the place that furnished the first ship
which touched the continent, and from where
Sebastian Cabot passed his early days, from a city
full of sea-going life and enterprise, he could not
but imbibe its spirit, and if not manifest in him-
self, he certainly transmitted to his son John a high
appreciation of maritime affairs. This son was
born in Middle Haddam, and was widely knowm as
an extensive ship-builder at that place, and also
engaged in trade with the West Indies. He married
Cleantha Smith, and in honor of his wife, one of
his brigs bore the name of Cleantha. His children
were Hervey Parke, Ezra Smith Parke, Mrs.
Cleantha Storm, and Mrs. Lucintha Curtis.

In 1 8 16, with his family, he removed from Con-
necticut to New York, and settled in the town of
Camden, Oneida County. His son, Ezra Smith
Parke, who had been educated in the local schools
and academies of Connecticut, studied medicine
with one of the older physicians of Oneida County,
and eventually completed a professional course at
Hobart, then knowm as Geneva College, where he
graduated on June 14, 1819. The year following he
married Rhoda Sperry, whose family were formerly
residents of Connecticut, and, like the Parkes, had
found a home in New York. The Sperry family
were, and are well known in connection with the
manufacture of clocks in the State of Connecticut.
In October, 1822, Mr. Parke emigrated to Michigan,
settling at Bloomfield, in Oakland County, and here,
on December 13, 1827, Hervey Coke Parke was
born. He was named after his uncle. Captain
Hervey Parke, well known in connection with the
earlier government surveys of Michigan.

The ancestors of Mr. Parke were members either
of the English or Protestant Episcopal Church, but
as the church of his choice had no organization in
New York, in the neighborhood where his father
settled, the family became connected with the
Methodist Episcopal Church and continued this
relation after the removal to Michigan. Whether in
Connecticut, New York, or Michigan, the family
regulations, especially'on Sunday, were modeled after
the style of the early Puritans, although somewhat
toned down by the spirit of generous patience and
love. Filling to full measure his duties as a physi-
cian, his father attended unceasingly and conscien-
tiously to the daily round of duties that a country
physician in a new and developing country is called
upon to perform, but with all his labors there was no

iigS

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

accumulation of wealth, and in 1856, when, through
a singular epidemic, he and his wife both passed
away, the legacy of a good name and the loving
remembrance of a kind father, was the chief inheri-
tance of his children.

Two years before his father's death, Hervey C
Parke went to Buffalo and found employment with
a friend of the family, spending a portion of his
time in study. An exceptionally good school, with
excellent principals, at Bloomfield, and the oppor-
tunities at Buffalo, were so well improved that he
was well qualified to teach, and from this time
earned his own support. Returning to Michigan
in 1846, before his father's death, he entered Bid-
well's hardware store at Adrian, but within two
years was compelled through ill health to relinquish
his position. He now returned to Oakland County,
and soon secured a position as teacher near his
old home, and taught the winter term successfully,
leaving this service with much added self-control
and a firmer grasp on the studies he had himself
pursued. From 1848 to 1850, he was employed in
the store of W. M. McConnell, of Pontiac. His
employer was a careful, conscientious, and success-
ful merchant, and the practical business training
gained in his establishment was of much advantage.
In consequence of ill health, Mr. Parke gave up
this situation and sought health and employment in
Lake Superior, securing a position as financial
manager of the Cliff Mining Company. He was
for eleven years in this place, and made his home
at the mine. In this last position he gained not
only health, but, aided by careful business habits,
acquired means as well. In 1866, while still a resi-
dent of Keweenaw, he married Fannie A. Hunt,
daughter of James B. Hunt, who served two terms
in Congress, being one of three Michigan represen-
tatives from 1843-47. The year following his
marriage, Mr. Parke removed to Portage Lake and
engaged in the sale of mining hardware. He con-
tinued in this line for four years, with much success,
and then sold out in order to remove to Detroit.
Taking passage on the ill-fated Pewabic, he with
his family, were on board when she collided with
the Meteor, in Lake Huron. After the accident,
Mr. Parke and his family were transferred to the
Meteor, and thus escaped the fate that overtook the
Pewabic and his original fellow passengers.

About a year after his arrival in Detroit, he
entered into partnership with S. P. DufField, M. D.,
under the firm n'ame of Duffield, Parke & Company,
manufacturing chemists. The firm continued about
two years, and was succeeded in 1868 by that of
Parke, Davis & Company, composed of Hervey C.
Parke, George S. Davis, John R. Grout, and Wil-
liam H. Stevens, Mr. Parke then, as now,having a
third interest. In 1876 the firm incorporated under

their original title, and the original paid up capital of
$50,000 was increased to $500,000, all of the origi-
nal parties being stockholders, except Mr. Grout,
whose heirs sold his interest to the other partners.
In February, 1887, the capital was increased to
$600,000. Several of the principal employees, with
a justice much rarer than it should be, have from
time to time been admitted as sharers in the pros-
perity of the establishment. Mr. Parke has been
the president and acting treasurer of the corpora-
tion from its beginning. The character of their
business demands the utmost integrity in the pre-
paration of their manufactures. In many cases,
life itself depends upon the genuineness and
strength of a compounded drug, and this fact
ennobles the occupation until it almost vies with that
of the clerical profession in the opportunity it affords
for truth and honesty. They have introduced,
and sell, immense quantities of several rare and
valuable remedies that had only a local reputation
and were generally unknown until their researches
brought them into notice. In order to obtain a
knowledge of all valuable medical agents, they
have a staff of expert botanists and chemists, whose
whole time is given to travel and research the
world over, for whatever has medicinal value. It
is literally true that the products of the establish-
ment are regularly sold and used in all civilized
countries, and Detroit may boast that the buildings
in which they are prepared are, of the kind, the
largest and most commodious in the world.

Thoughtfulness, probity, geniality, and enterprise,
have all been factors in their success, and Mr.
Parke ascribes to his partner, Mr. Davis, a full share
of credit for the position the business has attained.

Aside from his business, Mr. Parke's chief em-
ployment consists in furthering the interests of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, with which he has
been connected for over a quarter of a century.
During most of this period he has been a member
of St. John's Church, and for more than twelve
years a vestryman. He is one of the trustees of
the Diocesan fund for the Diocese of Eastern
Michigan, a trustee of St. Luke's Hospital and
Orphans' Home, and one of the leaders in the De-
troit City Mission of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, which aims especially to carry the gospel
to the most neglected portions of the city.

He is known as a liberal giver, not only to worthy
objects connected with his own church, but gener-
ally, and this is natural to him, for his instincts are so
broad and generous that he could not well do other-
wise than appreciate and aid in furthering any good
objects by whomsoever inaugurated or established.

His first wife died in 1868, leaving three daughters
and two sons. Five years later he married Mary
M. Mead, daughter of James E. Mead, of Almont,

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1 199

Michigan. They have had fivor children, four of
whom are living.

HAZEN S. PINGREE is a lineal descendant
of Moses Pingry, who came from England in 1640,
and settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts. For the
first one hundred and forty years, nearly all of the
American branch of the family lived in Ipswich,
Rowley, and Georgetown, Massachusetts. Toward
the close of the last century, the family had so
increased in number, that many of the name sought
and obtained new homes in other parts of the Bay
State, and in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
and Nova Scotia, and at the present time descend-
ants of the family are found in nearly every part of
the Union. The history of New England furnishes
abundant proof that the early male members of this
family were men of character and influence, and of
industrious and frugal habits. An extended history
of the family, by William M. Pengry, says : " No
family has made better citizens than the descend-
ants of Moses Pingry. Trained, as most of them
have been, to habits of industry, frugality, and
uprightness, descended from Puritan ancestry, and
embracing much of their strictness, they have
always been law-abiding, and ready to contribute of
their property and influence to promote the public
welfare." The family name for the first two gen-
erations was uniformly spelled Pengry ; since then
the spelling has been greatly diverse, with a strong
tendency, during latter years, to adopt the style
hereafter used in this article.

Hazen S. Pingree was born at Denmark, Maine,
August 30, 1842, and is the fourth child of Jasper
and Adaline Pingree. His father was a farmer, and
resided at Denmark from the time of his birth in
1806 until 1 87 1, when he came to Detroit, where he
died in 1882. Hazen S. Pingree resided with his
parents until fourteen years of age, when he went
to Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and secured employ-
ment in a shoe factory. Here he learned the trade
of cutter, at which he worked until August i, 1862,
when he enlisted as a private in Company F, First
Massachusetts Regiment of heavy artillery. This
regiment was assigned to duty in the Twenty-second
Army Corps, and its first service was rendered in
defense of the Nation's capitol. During General .
Pope's Virginia campaign the regiment was ordered
to the front, and participated in the battle of Bull
Run, on August 30, 1862. It afterwards returned
to duty in defense of Washington, and remained
there until May 15, 1864, when the time of service
of this regiment having expired, Mr. Pingree, with
enough others re-enlisted to keep up the organiza-
tion of the regiment, which was then assigned to
the Second Brigade, Third Division, Second Corps,
^^ the Army of the Potomac, and took part in the

battles of Fredericksburg Road, Harris Farm, and
Spottsylvania Court House, Cold Harbor, North
Anne and South Anne. At the battle of Spottsyl-
vania Court House, his regiment opened the
engagement, and lost five hundred men, killed and
wounded. On May 25, 1864, Mr. Pingree and a
number of his comrades, while reconnoitering, were
captured by a squad of men commanded by
Colonel Mosby. As prisoners of war, they were
brought before that rebel officer, who exchanged
his entire suit of clothes with Mr. Pingree, but
afterwards gave back the coat, remarking that his
men might shoot him for a "Yank," a result he
certainly did not desire. After his capture, Mr.
Pingree was confined for nearly five months at
Andersonville, and for short periods was confined
at Gordonsville, Virginia; Salisbury, Nortk Caro-
Hna ; and Millen, Georgia. At the latter place, in
November, 1864, he was exchanged, rejoined his
regiment in front of Petersburg, and soon after
took part in the expedition to Weldon Railroad, and
in the battles of Fort Fisher, Boydton Road,
Petersburg, Sailor's Creek, Farnsville, and Appo-
mattox Court House. From the battle of the
Wilderness to the fall of Richmond, his regiment
lost one thousand tw^o hundred and eighty-three
men and thirty-eight officers. It was complimented,
in special orders by Generals Mott and Pierce, for
particular gallantry in the last grand charge on
Petersburg, in which it took a leading part. Mr.
Pingree 's second enlistment was for three years, or
the close of the war, and when the surrender of
Lee took place, his regiment was in close proximity.

He was mustered out of service on August 16,
1865, and shortly after his discharge came to
Detroit. Here for a short time he was employed
in the boot and shoe factory of H. P. Baldwin &
Company.

Deciding to embark in business for himself, in
December, 1866, with C. H. Smith, he purchased
the small boot and shoe factory of a Mr. Mitchell,
on the corner of Croghan and Randolph Streets,
the entire capital represented by the firm of Pingree
& Smith, when established, being but $1,360, The
first year they employed but eight persons, and the
value of their production reached only $20,000.
After a few months* they removed to the Hawley
Block, on the corner of Woodbridge and Bates
Streets, where they remained two years. During
the following three years they occupied the Farns-
worth Block, on Woodbridge Street, and in 1871
they moved to the southeast corner of Woodbridge
and Griswold Streets, using at that time but one-
half of the building.

Their venture was a success from the very start,
and has shown a steady increase from year to year.
For years they have maintained their position as

I200

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

the most extensive boot and shoe manufacturers in
the West, and their factory is excelled by but one
or two in the United States. Over seven hundred
persons are employed, and their weekly pay-roll
amounts to between $5,000 and $6,000. The value
of their annual products amounts to about $1 ,000,000.
Their sales extend all over the West, but are
more especially confined to Ohio, Michigan, and
the Northwestern States. From the beginning of
this enterprise, Mr. Pingree has had general super-
vision over the complicated details of the entire
establishment. Mr. Smith retired from the firm in
1883, but the firm name, Pingree & Smith, has been
retained. Mr. Pingree's success has been the result
of hard work and good management.

In social life he is large hearted and generous, a
faithful friend, and a good citizen. He has confined
his energies almost solely to the advancement of his
business, but has ever evinced a commendable pub-
lic spirit, and a willingness to do his full share to
promote all public projects.

He was married February 28, 1872, to Frances A.
Gilbert, of Mount Clemens, Michigan. They have
three children, two daughters and a son.

DAVID M. RICHARDSON is descended from
English ancestors, who came to this country about
two hundred years ago, and settled in Woburn,
Massachusetts. His grandfather on the paternal
side was a soldier in the War of the Revolution.
His father, Jeremiah Richardson, was born in New
Hampshire, December 30, 1795. Soon after the
close of the War of 18 12, at the age of nineteen, he
settled in the town of Concord, Erie County, New
York, thirty miles south of Buffalo, then an almost
unbroken wilderness. Having but limited means,
he contracted with the old Holland Land Company
for one hundred acres of land. He made his way
to the locality and commenced the work of making
a home. Four years later he returned to Vermont,
and on November 29, 18 18, was married to Anna
Webster, and soon thereafter returned with his wife
to his wilderness home. His wife died in 1832, and
he subsequently married Jane Ann Woodward,
who died in 1868. He lived on the old home-
stead until his death in 1879. His son, D. M.
Richardson was born at Concord, January 30, 1826,
and until his twenty-first year remained at home,
and during the greater portion of the time assisted
his father in farm labors. He received a thorough
education in the public schools, and at the Spring-
ville academy, in his native town, and at the age
of twenty began to teach in the district schools
of Erie County during the winter months. His
time was thus occupied until the spring of 1847,
when he went west to view the country, and possi-
bly locate a future home. He prospected in the

States of Illinois ^d Wisconsin, which were at that
time but sparsely settled, and at Burlington, Iowa,
began teaching a select school. Towards the close
of the summer he was taken ill with cholera, then
prevalent in that section, and in September of that
year, while still suffering from the effects of dis-
ease, he started for Milwaukee, journeying by stage
from Burlington to Peoria, by steamer to La Salle,
by canal to Chicago, and thence by steamer to
Milwaukee. There in November, 1852, he estab-
lished a school and met with such success that at the
end of the summer term he erected a brick build-
ing, three stories high, on the corner of Mason and
Milwaukee Streets, and conducted a school therein
which was incorporated as the Milwaukee Academy.
This undertaking w^as successfully continued until
December, 1853, when the building was destroyed
by fire, and he suffered a loss of over $10,000.
Prior to the fire, 300 pupils were receiving instruc-
tion in the academy, and five assistant teachers
were employed. After its destruction the citizens
offered to rebuild the institution at their own ex-
pense, but ]\Ir. Richardson, after careful considera-
tion, having determined to embark in mercantile pur-
suits, declined the offer, and with a capital of five
hundred dollars, left him after closing up the busi-
ness of the academy, went to Madison, Wiscon-
sin, where he established a wholesale and retail
grocery on King Street, and for two years did a
very profitable business.

On January i, 1856, he sold out and came to
Detroit, and with J. W. Hibbard as partner, under
the firm name of J. W. Hibbard & Company, started
the first match factory in this city, on Wood-
bridge Street, at the foot of Eleventh Street. On
January i, 1858, Mr. Hibbard retired, and M. B.
Dodge became a partner, under the firm name of
Richardson & Company. This firm continued
until May i, 1859, when Mr. Richardson assumed
entire control of the business. On Sunday night,
June 3, i860, the factory was destroyed by fire,
inflicting a heavy loss, leaving Mr. .Richardson
deeply in debt, about $19,000 worse off than noth-
ing. He effected an amicable settlement with his
creditors by agreeing to pay twenty-five per cent.
of his indebtedness, but within six years he had
re-imbursed every creditor in full. After the fire,
with the assistance of his friend, N. W. Brooks, he
rebuilt on the same site, and the forepart of the
following September he again began manufacturing.
In March, 1863, he purchased the site occupied by
his present factory, on the corner of Woodbridge
and Eighth Streets, and in the fall of 1863 erected
the main brick building. During 1864, he erected
a large brick warehouse and as the growth of
the business demanded, several additional buildmgs
have been built, until at the present time the factory

„^l i/ ,

/^a^ ^^

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

I20I

is one of the largest and best equipped of its kind
in the country, and gives employment to about 300
persons. Mr. Richardson was sole proprietor of the
business until April i, 1875, when a stock company,
known as the Richardson Match Company, was
formed, which continued the business until 1881.
when the concern was purchased by a syndicate
known as the Diamond Match Company, Mr. Rich-
ardson being the Detroit manager. Mr. Richard-
son was a pioneer in this industry in the West, and
perhaps did as much to make it an important
branch of manufacture as any one man in the
United States.. Prior to the beginning of his estab-
lishment, matches were mostly made by hand, but
in no locality had the business become extensive.
He did much to develop the methods of making
matches by machinery, the- only mode now em-
ployed, and from 1865 until 1880, his establishment
was the largest and most complete in the United
States. The extent of his business will in part be
realized by the fact that from 1865 to 1883, he
paid internal revenue taxes to the amount of over
$5,000,000.

In 1876 Mr. Richardson, with several capitalists,
organized the Union Mills Company. Their flouring
mill, erected on Woodbridge Street, was at that time
one of the largest and finest ever built in the United
States. Mr. Richardson, the largest stockholder,
personally superintended the building of the mill.
Operations were begun in 1876, but the undertaking,
for causes beyond Mr. Richardson's control, was
not successful, and as he had become almost sole
owner of the concern, assuming heavy liabilities
in doing so, at a time when every business was
greatly depressed, he was compelled to suspend and
make an assignment for the benefit of his creditors.
In less than two years after his failure, he made
satisfactory arrangements with every creditor, and
was enabled to continue his old business, which had
temporarily passed into other hands.

During all his busy life, Mr. Richardson has been
a close student of the causes which tend to foster
and protect the manufacturing interests as the great
source of national prosperity. As the result of his
studies upon social, political, and economic ques-
tions, he has prepared several pamphlets containing
valuable facts and suggestions upon these topics,
which have been widely circulated and warmly
commended.

Among the subjects which early enlisted his
attention was the system of internal taxation
adopted by the government for the purpose of rais-
ing money to carry on the Civil War. These taxes
were particularly burdensome to the manufacturing
interests. After the war closed, the manufacturers
naturally desired to be at least in part relieved from
the burdens that had been imposed upon them.

The question was how to relieve the productive
industry of the country without impairing the ability
of the government to meet its obligations.. To the
solution of this question, Mr. Richardson gave
much time and attention, and in December, 1866,
as chairman of the committee on internal revenue
taxation, appointed by the Manufacturers' Associa-
tion of Detroit, he wrote a report on the subject,
but his advanced ideas did not meet with approval.
The following January he proceeded to Washing-
ton, and spent several weeks in examining the
methods and sources of revenue of European
countries, and the prospective necessities of taxa-
tion in our own country, and as the result of his
researches, in March, 1867, he made a report to the
Detroit Manufacturers' Association, in which he
advised that "taxation should be so levied as to
exempt all articles of prime necessity to the great-
est extent possible, and remain upon articles of
luxury, where it will be the least obnoxious to
the people." His report included a list of ten
sources from which he claimed sufficient revenue
could be levied to meet all obligations of the gov-
ernment. This report, which was published, caused
considerable discussion all over the country, and
in October, 1867, he submitted an abbreviated
report, embracing the essential conclusion of the
original report, and it was adopted by the Detroit
Manufacturers' Association, and that body issued a
call for a national convention of manufacturers to
consider the questions at issue. The convention was
held at Cleveland, on December 18 and 19, 1867, and
was attended by over six hundred leading manu-
facturers, from twenty-four States, estimated to
repH*esent over $400,000,000 of manufacturing
capital. Mr. Richardson's report, as adopted
by the Detroit Association, was adopted by a com-
mittee of this convention, reported to, and adopted
without change by the convention, with only six
dissenting votes, and a committee was appointed to
present the report to Congress. A similar conven-
tion, of over fifteen hundred New England manu-
facturers also adopted Mr. Richardson's report
without material change, and the laws in relation to
the internal revenue, passed by the Congress of
1868, embody the essential provisions which he pro-
posed. The prosperity which followed was largely
due to the relief thereby offered the manufacturers,
and as Mr. Richardson did so much to bring about
these results, it is his due that the facts be made
knowm.

In December, 1869, he issued a pamphlet en-
titled, " A Plan for Returning to Specie Payment,
without Financial Revolution," in which the plan
adopted by the government several years after was
outlined, but which was not entered upon until after
the panic of 1873. During recent years he has pre-

I202

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

pared and extensively circulated, several pamphlets
suggesting methods for the creation of foreign
markets, for the surplus products of American indus-
try. As an important aid in this direction, he has
urged the construction, at government expense, of
the interoceanic canal, via Lake Nicaragua. He
has also advocated the adequate defense of our sea
coast and a strong navy, the encouragement of
ship-building and of ocean commerce by establish-
ing mail transportation in American ships to the
leading commercial centers, and suggests various
industrial policies which would tend to the better-
ment of the laboring and producing classes. He is
also in favor of liberal government aid to public
schools, especially for the late slave-holding States
and Territories, and of stringent legislation for the
suppression of polygamy.

In political faith Mr. Richardson is a Republican.
The first elective office held by him was that of a
member of the Board of Education of Detroit,
representing the Ninth Ward during the years
1863 and 1864. During this period the public
school system of the city was greatly improved and
the High School established in the old Capitol
building.

In 1872 Mr. Richardson was elected to the State
Senate from the Second Senatorial District, receiv-
ing a majority of 1,377 votes over his opponent.
During his term he served as chairman of the com-
mittee on the State Public School for Indigent Chil-
dren, at Coldwater, Michigan, and was especially
instrumental in securing an appropriation for the
purchase of additional land and in increasing the
amount of appropriation for the erection of a suitable
building and the equipment of the same. He also
served as chairman of the committee on the State
Capitol. As a member of the committee on the State
University, he successfully labored in securing an ap-
propriation to complete University Hall, and to pro-
vide for the erection of a new laboratory ; he also
aided in obtaining the law for a tax of one-twentieth
of one mill for the support of the University. He
was a member of the committee on railroads, and
aided in creating the law relative to the establishment
of a Railroad Commission, and the fixing by statute
the rates of fare to be charged by railroads within
the State, and of the law that lands granted to rail-
road companies should not be exempted from
taxation after the grants had been earned. He also
aided in securing the passage of laws establishing
the Board of Public Works of Detroit, creating the
Board of Estimates, permitting the city to issue
$1,000,000 in bonds to build new w^ater works, and
establishing the Superior Court of Detroit.

Mr. Richardson is a member of the First Con-
gregational Church, with which he has been con-
nected since 1856. In 1867 he assisted in organiz-

ing the Ninth Avenue Union Mission School.
During the erection of the building, completed in
1868, at a cost of $8,000, he was chairman of the
building committee, and, for the first ten years, acted
as superintendent of the Sunday-school. The
building was subsequently moved to the corner of
Trumbull Avenue and Baker Street, and formed
the nucleus of the Trumbull Avenue Congregational
Church. Both this church and also the Woodward
Avenue Congregational Church, found in him a
liberal supporter.

Mr. Richardson has been twice married. His
first wife was Ellen L. Hibbard, daughter of I. W.
Hibbard, whom he married November 23, 1854.
She died December 20, 1868. Their daughter,
Laura M., was born July 14, 1356, and died March
26, 1876. His second wife was E. Jennie Holliday,
a daughter of William Holliday, of Springfield,
Erie , County, Pennsylvania. They were married
May 23, 1 87 1, and have had two children, David
M. Jr., who was born May 30, 1873, and died May
I, 1876, and Arthur J., born August 12, 1876.

FORDYCE HUNTINGTON ROGERS was
born in Detroit, October 12, 1840, and is the son of
George Washington and Jane Clark (Emmons)
Rogers. His father was born at Vergennes. Ver-
mont. December 14, I799. and was a descendant
of Russell Rogers, who came from England and
settled in Vermont prior to the Revolutionary War.
He and other members of the family were ardent
patriots, and took an active part in the war. George
W. Rogers, who had been engaged in the manufac-
ture of stoves at Vergennes, came to Detroit in 1840,
and after his arrival in Michigan established and for
several years conducted a general merchandise store
in Pontiac. where he died in i860. Mrs. George W.
Rogers was a daughter of Adonijah Emmons, and a
sister of Judge H. H. Emmons, a distinguished mem-
ber of the Detroit bar, and one of the circuit judges
of the United States courts. Mrs. Rogers died soon
after the birth of her son Fordyce H. Rogers. His
father's second wife was Harriet L. Williams, a
daughter of Oliver Williams, a trader in Detroit
and vicinity prior to the War of 1812.

Fordyce, or as he is usually called. Ford H.
Rogers, was educated in the public schools of
Pontiac; came to Detroit in 1856 and entered the
store of T. H. & J. A, Hinchman, wholesale drug-
gists, where he remained one year. The follow-
ing year he was employed in the clothing store of
Eagle & Elliott. He then went to San Francisco,
where an elder brother had preceded him. and
was engaged in various occupations until the sum-
mer of 1859, when he secured a position with a
water company in the mining district of the Sierra
Nevada mountains. In the fall of the same year

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1203

he returned to Pontiac, and until 1861 was engaged
in mercantile enterprises at Lapeer and Detroit. The
Civil War having then broken out, in June, 1861, he
was the first man to join Col. Thornton F. Broad-
head, and assisted in raising the First Michigan Cav-
alry, which was mustered into service in August
following. Mr. Rogers, who at this time was a
minor, was commissioned as Second Lieutenant,
but soon after the regiment arrived in Washington
he was appointed First Lieutenant and Battalion
Adjutant. The regiment w^as assigned to the Army
of Virginia, under Gen. Banks, and lay in camp at
Frederick, Maryland, a considerable portion of the
winter of i86i-'62, its principal service subsequently
being on the Upper Potomac, in the Shenandoah
Valley, and near the eastern slope of the Blue
Ridge. It saw very active service, especially dur-
ing the summer of 1 862, when it was assigned to
Gen. Pope's division and formed a portion of Gen.
Beauford's brigade. Lieut. Rogers, who was nat-
urally of a restless and adventurous disposition,
grew impatient under the inaction of army life, and
at his own solicitation was frequently entrusted
with scouting parties, engaged in secret patrols and
special duty. His service in this line of duty proved
in many instances of great value to the Union
forces, and upon one occasion while Gen. Beau-
ford's brigade w^as on a cavalry raid in the vicinity
of the Rapidan River, he performed an almost
invaluable service to the Union army. While on
the march, and in close proximity to a large force
of the enemy, Lieut. Rogers, left the lines and pur-
sued two mounted rebel officers. The latter, in
their flight, led him near the headquarters of Gen.
J. E. B. Stewart, who, with his staff officers, being
warned of the supposed approach of Union forces,
beat a hasty retreat. Lieut. Rogers, who was now all
alone, pursued Gen. Stewart for some distance and
fired two shots at that rebel officer. He then en-
tered the deserted headquarters and secured a
haversack containing all the papers of instruction
from Gen. Lee to Gen. Stewart, then in command
of the cavalry advance guard of the rebel army.
These papers furnished valuable information to the
Union army and revealed plans of the rebel com-
manders, which once known were easily averted,
but otherwise- would have been far-reaching in their
disastrous effects and might have led to the cap-
ture of Washington.

Lieut. Rogers participated with his regiment in
all its engagements until he was mustered out of
service at Washington, September 1 1 , 1 862. Shortly
after he was mustered out he was tendered the rank
of Major in both a Michigan and New York cavalry
regiment, but declined.

After the close of his army experience he re-
turned to California, and was variously occupied

in San Francisco until 1865, w^hen he served as
bookkeeper in the Pacific Bank of San Francisco ;
was soon after made paying teller, and from 1 867 to
1872 was cashier. He then became interested in
mining and stock brokerage, and at one time was
secretary and treasurer of thirty mining companies.
In 1879 he returned to the east and for nearly two
years was a member of the American Mining
Board of New York City. In 1880 he returned to
Detroit and purchased the Detroit White Lead
Works. The works had been established since
1865, but at the time of Mr. Rogers's purchase,
through poor management was very far from being
a profitable concern. Associating Ford D. C.
Hinchman and Horace M. Dean in the enterprise,
the business was incorporated under the name of
the Detroit White Lead Works. The reputation
of the corporation was soon established on a firm
basis, and in a remarkably short time the liberal
policy and business-like methods of the managers
resulted in building up an extensive business. Year
by year additional buildings have been erected to
meet the demands of their varied line of manufac-
tures, and at the present time their plant is one of
the most complete and best arranged for the pur-
poses required, and one of the best in the country.
Mr. Rogers, as treasurer and manager of the com-
pany, has been indefatigable in his exertions, and
the business management has been entrusted almost
entirely to him ; and to his judgment, ingenuity, and
energy, the corporation is largely indebted for the
success attained. He is possessed of great executive
force, is shrew^d and careful in his business habits,
and the evidence of his work is seen in every branch
of the business, but especially is this true in the
selling department, where unlimited competition
makes success no easy problem. Fifteen salesmen
are employed, and their goods find a ready market
all over the country.

Personally Mr. Rogers is of a frank, open, gener-
ous, social disposition, has a wide circle of friends,
and is respected and esteemed not only for his busi-
ness ability, but for those qualities of mind and
heart that distinguish a good citizen and a helpful
considerate friend. He is progressive and liberal
minded and a sure supporter of every deserving
public enterprise. He is a charter member of the
Loyal Legion, member of the Grand Army of the
Republic, Lake St. Clair Fishing Club, Detroit Club,
and a thirty-second degree Mason. Growing out
of his former occupation as a bank cashier, one of
his amusements has been to collect specimens of all
the bank notes of the so-called Wild-Cat banks
of 1837, and he has succeeded in obtaining a col-
lection numbering several thousand specimens, and
by reason of the various facts they exhibit, the col-
lection is of great historic value.

I204

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

Politically he has always been a Republican, and
has been an earnest worker in securing victories for
his party, but has never held an elective office. His
time has been devoted to business interests with such
singleness of purpose, that early in life he has
achieved a worthy place among the successful
manufacturers of Detroit. He was married in 1868
to Eva C. Adams, a daughter of Dr. Samuel Adams,
the pioneer drug merchant of San Francisco, and a
niece of Rev. Nehemiah Adams, D. D., for forty-four
years a pastor of the old Essex Street Church of
Boston, and an author of considerable repute.

FREDERICK STEARNS, for many years a
wholesale and retail druggist, and manufacturer of
pharmaceutical preparations in Detroit, was born
fifty-eight years ago, at Lockport. New York. He is
of Puritan blood, being a lineal descendant of Isaac
Stearns, who, with Governor Winthrop, and Sir
Richard Saltenstall, and other colonists, settled
Watertown, Massachusetts. The farm which was
occupied by this ancestor is now part of Mount
Auburn Cemetery. On the maternal side he is a
descendant of Samuel Chapin, one of the earliest
settlers of Springfield, Massachusetts. Mr. Stearns
early evinced a natural liking for the calling of a
druggist. Speaking of his youthful days, he once
said: "One of my earliest memories is looking
into the windows of Dr. Merchant's Gargling Oil
drug store, and wondering at the mystery of the
white squares of magnesia and the round balls of
cosmetic chalk."

At fifteen years of age he was apprenticed to the
drug firm of Ballard & Green, in Buffalo, New
York. For two years he was the only help the
firm had, acting as errand boy, clerk, soda water
maker, etc., and was unquestionably one of the
busiest boys of that time in Buffalo. He received no
wages the first year, and, because of the failure of
the house, the same pay the second year. At the
end of his apprenticeship, having read, smelt, and
tasted everything that came in his way, he made
up his mind that what he did not know about the
drug business could not be taught. A better situa-
tion, with another and more advanced preceptor,
soon took away this conceit. After attending a
course of lectures at the University of Buffalo,
he entered the store of A. I. Mathews, a prominent
retail druggist of Buffalo, with whom he remained
several years, during the last three as a partner.

In i853he married Eliza H. Kimball, of Mendon,
New York, and in the following year, on account
of a favorable impression made at a former visit,
he decided to locate in Detroit. He arrived at
Windsor, January i, 1855, on a bitter cold day, and
walked across the river on the ice. Soon after his
arrival here he was joined by his wife, with their

first child, Frederick K. Stearns, and in April fol-
lowing, with L. E. Higby, he opened a retail drug
store at 162 Jefferson Avenue, in the middle of the
block, owned by Zachariah Chandler, where the
stores of Allan Shelden & Company are now located.
In 1859 they removed to enlarged quarters in the
Merrill Block, and in 1863 to the Porter Block, on
the southwest corner of Woodward Avenue and
Earned Street, and here Mr. Stearns bought Mr.
Higby 's interest.

To be a manufacturer of such pharmaceutical
preparations, both official and non-official, as were in
use as medicine, was always Mr. Stearns's ambition.
and in 1856 he commenced as a manufacturer
in a very limited way, with one room, a cooking
stove, and one girl, as a helper. It was his custom
at that time, with a small hand bag, filled with
samples of his products, to canvass towns on
the railroads leading west from Detroit, obtain-
ing such orders as the druggists of the interior
were willing to give to a young house struggling to
establish a trade for its productions, in a market
completely filled with Eastern and foreign brands.
From this small beginning has gradually grown a
manufacturing business which now reaches large
proportions. During these early years, much of
the time which otherwise would have been leisure
was given to investigation in the line of his profession,
and many papers, the result of these studies,
were published in various pharmaceutical journals
and society transactions. Introducing steam power,
and milling and extracting machinery, much of
which was of his own design, he commenced manu-
facturing on a larger scale. It was at first difficult
to introduce his products in the place of goods
already established, but these difficulties were gradu-
ally overcome. In 1 87 1, Mr. Stearns's manufacturing
establishment was twice destroyed by fire, the second
fire resulting in considerable financial loss, but the
laboratory was established a third time, on part of
the property owned by the Detroit Gas Light Com-
pany, on Woodbridge near Sixth Street. During all
this period he continued his business as a retail
druggist and dispensing pharmacist, retaining, by
choice, a prominent interest in his profession, and
being vitally alive to its promotion. In pharmacy,
however, as in other arts and trades, abuses are liable
to creep in ; the want of suitable legislative control,
the then lack of protection for the educated pharma-
cist from the uneducated or unqualified person, who
might choose to enter upon the business of selling
drugs, and the employing of irregular means, thus
lowering the standard and the dignity of the calling,
were all hindrances to the best development of the
art of pharmacy. The practice of quackery, the
supplying of secret or so-called patent medicines,
which forced upon the druggist the keeping of

1 j>''^^^;^*>2>^^

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1205

numberless worthless and high cost compositions,
of little profit to the pharmacist, were also evils
stultifying the professional attitude of the druggist,
and rendering him to a great extent, a mere trader
in quackery. In the correcting of these evils,
which have threatened to overwhelm pharmacy as a
profession and a means of livelihood, Mr. Stearns
has rendered valuable service. When he opened
his first store in Detroit, he determined not to sell
any secret quackery in the way of patent medicines,
looking for the ready support and sympathy of the
regular medical profession in so doing; but after
one year's trial, he found the public had become so
accustomed to buying patented medicines, that it
was impossible to conduct his business without
supplying everything or any article which the pub-
lic looked to find in a drug store. He was, there-
fore, compelled to deal in patent medicines, but
he always sought, by every means in his power,
to lessen the evil. In 1876 it occurred to him
that one means for destroying patent medicine
quackery w^ould be to put up ready made prescrip-
tions, suitable and useful for common ailments, in
neat and portable form, without secrecy ; to put
the receipt plainly on the label, with simple direc-
tions and explanations, and to trust to the good
sense and intelligence of the customer to take such
ready made medicines, rather than secret nostrums.
This idea, acted upon, was an immediate success in
his own retail trade, and in that of his near friends
and neighbors. This departure was then, and is still,
known as the " New Idea." The development of
this system has resulted in the establishment of an
immense trade, and to-day nearly every retail drug-
gist in good standing in the United States and
Canada, representing over sixteen thousand estab-
lishments, are customers of the Stearns's laboratory.
The one room, 12x12, of 1858, has been increased
to four acres of flooring in the works now occupied
on Twenty-first Street ; the one helper to over four
hundred helpers ; instead of the occasional traveler,
with his little grip, and that one himself, there are
now thirty-five traveling agents constantly employed;
from a retail business of $16,000 per year, the busi-
ness has grown to sometimes more than that dsily :
the area visited for trade has expanded from a small
portion of Michigan to the *' whole unbounded con-
tinent," and sales are also made in the Spanish
American Republics, the West Indies, and in many
English colonies, and notably in Australia. The
works on Woodbridge Street, above alluded to,
became too stinted in room, even after every avail-
able building in the vicinity was obtained, and in
1 88 1 and 1882 the new works now occupied were
erected, and are described in another portion of
this work. After forty years of an active business
life, with its usual cares, disappointments, and with

some success, Mr. Stearns, in 1887, retired from the
management of the business, leaving it in the hands
of his sons. Frederick K. and William L., and of the
younger associates, who have been with him many
years. If he is proud of one thing, it is of the
establishment on a firm basis of a legitimate and
extensive business, which is an active and practical
opponent of quackery in medicine.

He has led a remarkably busy life, and his
success has been the result of hard w^ork, united to
clear and well poised judgment. A man of the
most positive conviction, he pursued a purpose
believed to be right, regardless of consequences,
with a force and directness liable to arouse the
antagonism of men of narrow views and prejudices.
He is among the first to depart from established
custom or practice when new and better methods
of procedure are discovered, and it makes but little
difference to him whether he is followed or not.
Convinced that he is right, he has the moral cour-
age to fight alone, and this admirable quality has
been the main secret of his success. To him
nothing is more distasteful than sham and super-
ficiality. He is a man of liberal opinion, and has
taste and culture, without a trace of pedantry or
touch of imperiousness. He is a natural critic, but
his criticisms are intelligent, penetrating, and just.
He has been a public benefactor, because he has
been a creator and promoter of enterprises which
have aided in many ways the public good, and is
liberal minded toward every good project to advance
the best interests of Detroit.

Somewhat reserved among strangers, with trusted
friends he is a congenial companion. His business
career has been honorable, and no one holds more
securely the confidence and respect of Detroit's
commercial community.

JOSEPH TOYNTON was. born July 26, 1839,
at Brothertoft, four miles west of Boston, Lincoln-
shire, England. He was the son of William and
Elizabeth (Ketton) Toynton. His father was a
well-to-do farmer, and he received a good common
school education. His mother died in 1852, and
his father in 1873.

On March 3. 1853, he left England for the
United States, and for about one year after his
arrival here he made his home near Rochester, New
York. In 1854 he came to Detroit, and entered
the employ of William Phelps, then a prominent
manufacturer of confections, where he remained
eleven years, and acquired a thorough practical
knowledge of the business. In 1865 he resigned
his position and the house of Gray, Toynton & Fox
was established, which at once became the leading
establishment of the kind in the West.

In 1 860 he married Margaret Hayes, daughter of

I206

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

John and Mary (McMarrah) Hayes. He died July
6, 1881, after a very brief illness, Mr. Toynton
was a man of strict integrity in all the relations of
life. His genial nature made him a large circle of
friends, and his unswerving honesty made his word
as good as his bond.

He was a leading member and for many years
one of the trustees of the Central Methodist Episco-
pal Church.

He was a prominent Mason, a member of Union
Lodge of Strict Observance, and of Detroit Com-
mandery. One of his Masonic brethren, in speak-
ing of his death, has well said : ** He came to this
country, and to this city, poor in purse, but rich in
the qualities which go to make up the successful
business man, the honest citizen, the faithful clerk,
the humane employer, the loving and indulgent
husband and father, and the consistent Christian.

The lesson of his life is one of fortitude, industry,
fidelity, humility, charity, kindness, and humanity in
all the relations of life. Follow him wherever you
would, in the family, the church, in his social rela-
tions, or into the counting-house, and you would
find the same elements of character dominating
his life work. Rising from poverty to a condi-
tion of comparative wealth, from the position of
servant to that of proprietorship in a large and
successful business enterprise, he never, in his treat-
ment of others, forgot the hardships of either
poverty or service."

JOHN HILL WHITING, grandson of Dr. J. L.
Whiting, an early physician and merchant of Detroit,
and the eldest son of John Talman Whiting and
Mary S. (Hill) Whiting, was born at Sault Ste. Marie,
Michigan, October 11, 1852. His parents removed
to Detroit in 1855. Mr. Whiting receivq^i the best
education that the public schools afforded, and in
1869 became assistant salesman, at Ecorse, for the
Detroit River Lumber Company. He remained
there one year and then came to Detroit, where he
was employed for a short time by the lumber firm
of D. A. Ross & Company.

In 1870 he entered the employ of the Detroit Car
Wheel Company, for the purpose of learning the
business of moulding and casting car wheels, and
general foundry business. He, at first, acted in the
capacity of timekeeper and general assistant in the
office, devoting a portion of each day to work in
the foundry, moulding, pouring iron, and in other
mechanical labor, devoting his evenings to office
work. About three years after he entered the
employ of the company, the Moulders Union, of
which he was not a member, raised objections to
non-union men being employed, and Mr. Whiting,
not wishing to antagonize the company, stopped

work in the foundry until, through change of Super-
intendents, the influence of the union became so
weakened that he returned to the foundry without
opposition. The output of the company was at
first quite small, but under skillful management it
became a very large and important enterprise. Mr.
Whiting kept pace with its growth, developing
talents and aptitudes unthought of at the beginning.
In one sense it may be said that the business made
him what he is, for it gave him the opportunity to
develop his peculiar genius for organizing and
directing labor. On the other hand, his skill,
ingenuity, and practical judgment, made him an
important factor in the success of the corporation.

In 1880 he was appointed Assistant Superin-
tendent, and later, in the same year, under the
trying circumstances of a strike, which took out the
Superintendent, he was selected to fill the vacancy.
His naturally retiring disposition led him to shrink
from the responsibility, and he accepted it with
many misgivings ; but having accepted it he soon
proved equal to his task, and has since shown him-
self equal to all the duties which the position
imposed upon him, and has remained in charge of
the works, as Superintendent, The growth of the
business may be indicated by the fact that in 1870
the capacity of the works was about sixty-five car
wheels a day, and fifteen tons of castings ; now it
is four hundred and twenty-five car wheels a day,
and one hundred tons of castings, and the corpora-
tion employs between seven and eight hundred men.

In addition to the superintendency of this estab-
lishment, Mr. Whiting is Superintendent of the
works of the Detroit Pipe and Foundry Company,
which produce about fifty tons of cast iron pipe
daily, and employ about one hundred and fifty
hands. He is also Vice-President of the Detroit
Foundry Equipment Company, which controls sev-
eral patents particularly adapted to the improved
manufacture and handling of car wheels. He is
the inventor of the " Improved Cupola," the
"Overhead Steam Crane," a " Transfer Truck," a
'• Device for Operating Foundries," and a "Revers-
ible Friction Gearing," patented in 1884 and 1885.
He is a stockholder in all the companies above
mentioned, and also in the Michigan Car Company,
the Detroit Iron Furnace Company, and the Vulcan
Iron Furnace Company, located at Newberry,
Michigan.

During the seventeen years of his connection
with the Detroit Car Wheel Company, he has shown
a character for manliness, integrity, and generosity,
which has won the esteem and confidence of all his
associates. He has for years made the question of
the successful handling of labor a study, and has also
studied to devise methods and appliances to facilitate
profitable production. As his responsibilities have

i re. I V c ( -75

'^"/^ Vi-'^^^

-^Uvvtb cVcAwvO'^CvvA'

V

MANUFACTURERS AND INVENTORS.

1207

increased, with the enlargement of the business
intrusted to his care, he has developed a capacity
adequate to meet them, and now handles a large
force of men with as much ease as he formerly
controlled a small number. He, however, attributes
much of his success to the suggestions,' appreciative
courtesy, and generosity, with which he has been
treated by the chief stockholders in the corporations
in which he is engaged, whose confidence has been
fully and cheerfully given.

Mr. Whiting is a Republican in political faith,
but has been too closely identified with business to
take any part in political affairs.

He was married February 7, 1883, to Carrie
Florence Spence, daughter of Dr. T. R. Spence,
formerly of Detroit. They have two daughters,
Florence Hill and Barbara. He and his wife are
members of the Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian
Church.

CHAPTER XCVI.

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, VESSEL OWNERS, INSURANCE AND

RAILROAD MANAGERS, ETC.

FRANCIS ADAMS is a descendant of the
Adamses of Braintree, Massachusetts, and is the
son of Moses and Nancy (Phillips) Adams. He was
born at Ellsworth, Maine, September 13, 1831, and
at the age of eight years began to care for himself,
with such varied experiences as commonly fall to
the lot of energetic boys when thrown upon their
own resources. When he was nineteen he came to
Michigan, but returned to Maine the same year,
and in 1853 went to California, where he was
engaged in mining and other operations for nearly
four years.

In 1857 he settled in Michigan and entered into
partnership with N. W. Brooks in the lumber busi-
ness. The firm did a large and successful business,
operating mills at Detroit, Saginaw, and Jackson,
until the death of Mr. Brooks in 1872. Mr. Adams
then retired from the lumber business, arid has
since been engaged in caring for his property, with
occasional ventures in lumber, real estate, and
building. He is a stockholder in the Detroit Na-
tional Bank and Wayne County Savings Bank,
and has been a director in the latter corporation
since its organization.

He has always been a Republican, and while in
California voted for John C. Fremont, there being
but thirty-seven Republican votes out of over seven
hundred in the precinct. The only public offices
he has held have been in connection with the city
government. From 1873 to 1876, and in 1879 ^^^
1880, he was a member of the Board of Estimates.
In 1868, and again in 1871 and 1872, he served as
a member of the Board of Aldermen, and has also
served as one of the Board of Park Commissioners.
His services in the Council w^re highly appreciated
for his knowledge of municipal law, and his sound,
practical judgment.

As a business man, he ranks above the average ;
possesses a good deal of natural energy, and his
self-reliance has been developed and strengthened

by the experiences through which he has passed.
He investigates for himself, is firm in his opinions,
and yet, when convinced of an error, no one yields
with readier grace. He is honorable and upright
in his dealings, and of unimpeachable integrity.

He was married in February, 1862, to Annie M.,
daughter of James Graves, of Holden, Maine, and
has three daughters, Evelyn F,, Annie G., and Mary
L. His wife died April 3, 1885, and on November
17, 1887, he married Isabella Duncan, of Detroit.

JAMES A. ARMSTRONG, the eldest son of
Orrin M. and Beulah (Hine) Armstrong, was born
in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, on
November 21, 1805. When a boy, he lived part
of the time with his grandfather, James Armstrong,
after whom he was named. He attended a common
school, and soon after the death of his father,
entered a store at Newburgh, on the Hudson River.
There and in that vicinity he spent his time until
1832, when he came to Detroit.

As a young man, he had a bright intellect, and
was strictly moral and industrious, and on his
arrival here, obtained a situation in the forward-
ing and commission house of Oliver Newberry,
where he remained many years, and subsequently
went into the forwarding and commission business
on his own account. He afterwards formed a part-
nership with A. H. Sibley, and later on became junior
partner in the firm of Nickles, Whitcomb & Arm-
strong. In 1846 he organized the forwarding house
of James A. Armstrong & Company, and for many
years did a large business.

From 1857 to 1862 he was the General Freight
Agent of the Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad Com-
pany, and at the close of his term of service the
officers of the company presented him with a token
of their appreciation and esteem, in the shape of a
fine gold chronometer watch, bearing an appropriate
inscription, and dated May 29, 1862. Soon after

[1208]

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1209

this he closed his business in Detroit, and went to
Buffalo, where, with Henry P. Bridge, of Detroit,
he engaged in the business of forwarding and com-
mission. The relation continued until 1866, when
he returned to Detroit, as the General Agent of the
Western Insurance Company, and remained such
until the Chicago fire of October, 1871, broke up
the company. After this, and until his death, he
held the offices of Secretary and Treasurer of the
Detroit Car Loan Company, the Detroit Car Com-
pany, and of the Marshall Car Company.

He was an active member of the Detroit Board
of Trade, and one of its original organizers.

He possessed superior business capacity, and
was scrupulously honest and exact, his accounts
showing that when he used the company's stationery
and stamped envelopes, for personal correspon-
dence, he charged them to himself at their full price,
a little account book, in his own writing, furnishing
curious evidence of his exactness in these matters.
It is the uniform testimony of those who knew him
most intimately, that as a business man, husband,
father, and citizen, his character was without re-
proach, and few men in social or business circles
have commanded more fully the esteem and confi-
dence of their contemporaries, or left behind them a
brighter example.

He was eminently a charitable man, and showed
his kindness to the poor in many practical ways, and
was always ready to serve a friend, spending much
time, for which he received no compensation, in
looking up and locating lands in Michigan for
parties desiring to purchase or settle in the State.
From about 1842, until his death, he was a member
of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and was a zealous
and consistent churchman.

He was married in the autumn of 1839, to
Augusta, daughter of Judge Solomon Sibley. She
lived only until March, 1841, and on February 10,
1847, he married Mary E. Bates, daughter of
Phineas P. Bates, of Canandaigua, New York, and
sister of George C. Bates, of Detroit. He died
March 13, 1874, leaving his widow and three chil-
dren.

STEPHEN BALDWIN was born July 31, 1834,
in Lincoln, England, and is the son of Thomas and
Hannah (Pickering) Baldwin. Thomas Baldwin,
with his family, came to New York in 1835, and
went to Chautauqua Lake, where they remained
until the summer of 1836, when they removed to
Oakland County, Michigan, where they made their
permanent home.

Stephen Baldwin lived on the farm, attending
the best schools of Pontiac until he was seventeen
years old, and then for a short time taught school
in Oakland County, and subsequently attended Cor-

son's Select School, at Birmingham. In 1861 he
entered the establishment of Messrs. Flower &
Newton, dealers in agricultural implements at Pon-
tiac, where he remained for a short time, and in the
fall of the same year engaged in the produce and
commission business in Pontiac, continuing therein
until 1864, when his love of enterprise took him to
the oil regions, and he engaged in various successful
ventures until 1866. Meantime, in 1865, he assisted
in organizing the Second National Bank of Pontiac,
in which he was a large stockholder and director,
continuing his connection therewith until 1869, when
he withdrew. During most of this time Mr. Bald-
win was also engaged in buying pine lands, in lum-
bering, and for a time, in the manufacture of cloth.
In 1870, in connection with Leander S. Butterfield,
he bought the stock and interest of the Detroit
Paper Company, and removed to Detroit, where he
has since resided. In 1872 he dissolved his con-
nection with the Paper Company, and in February
of that year he helped to organize the wholesale dry
goods house of Edson, Moore & Company, in which
he has since been a special partner. It is one of
the largest and most successful business houses in
Michigan. In 1883 he aided in organizing the
wholesale millinery house of Black, Mitchell & Com-
pany, now W. H. Mitchell & Company, in which he
was a special partner until July i, 1887. During all
the time since 1867, he has retained his lumber
business, handling large tracts of pine land, both in
Michigan and in Canada, and is at present a
member of the firm of Baldwin & Nelson, his part-
ner being Ephraim Nelson, of Cheboygan, Michigan.
Mr. Baldwin is also largely interested in the Mineral
Land Company of the Upper Peninsula.

As a business man he has few superiors. Far-
sighted, experienced, bold, active, and energetic,
his quick perception, keen intellect, and marvelous
knowledge of the detail of many branches of busi-
ness, make him a safe counselor and a successful
financier. He is able to generalize rapidly and to
reach conclusions, which, to slower minds, might
seem hasty, but his judgments are unusually sound,
and in scarcely any instance has he made a failure
in his investments. He believes in integrity and
fair dealing as the foundation of business success,
and has the reputation of having well illustrated
these principles in all his business transactions. He
is public-spirited as a citizen, liberal toward worthy
benevolent objects, and has used his means freely
in helping deserving young men to start in business.
In political faith he is a Democrat, and opposed to a
protective tariff ; has never sought or held any elec-
tive office, but since July i, 1885, has been one of
the inspectors of the Detroit House of Correction.

He was married October 28, 1868, to Gertrude,
daughter of Augustine Hovey, of Pontiac, Michigan.

I2IO

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS. ETC.

EDMUND A. BRUSH, the eldest son of Elijah
Brush, was born in 1802, graduated at Hamilton
College, and upon his return home assumed active
charge of his father's estate. He was admitted to
the bar, but never practised law. Mr. Brush was
early identified with the management of Detroit's
municipal affairs. He was City Register in 1823,
Recorder in 1832 and 1833, and in 1852 was selected
by the Legislature as a member of the Board of
Water Commissioners, then created for the purpose
of enlarging the city Water Works. His services
were given to this interest for more than sixteen
years, and his counsel and efforts were of great
value. In all departments of city administration he
was actively and zealously interested, and pro-
moted many measures that tended to the public good,
and checked, in a vigorous way, much that promised
evil. He assisted in the organization of the volun-
teer fire department, of which body he was an active
member, and was a leading spirit in the promotion
of several railroad lines centering in Detroit.

His large estate, however, enlisted the most of
his attention, and made him one of the very
w^ealthiest landholders that Detroit possessed. In
the sale of city lots, he almost invariably made it a
condition that the improvements thereon should be
in thorough keeping with advanced and liberal
enterprise, thus aiding ^not only himself but the
city generally.

The habits which Mr. Brush formed as a student,
during his college days, he maintained to the end
of his life. He was devoted to literature, but also
found much enjoyment in the amenities of social
life. His friendships were strong and deep, and in
a large circle he was an honored figure. While
quite set in his ways of doing things, he was any-
thing but cold-hearted and ungenerous. He did
not parade his charities, but gave very largely and
wisely, and relieved many destitute families. He
never took advantage of his tenants, nor enforced
forfeitures against them, or deprived them of the
protection of a home when misfortune prevented
them from meeting their engagements.

He married Eliza Cass Hunt, daughter of General
John E. Hunt, and niece of General Cass. They
had five children, only one of whom is living. The
death of the others fell with crushing force upon
the heart of Mr. Brush, and his grief was so intense,
that it is believed his own death was thereby has-
tened. He died suddenly, July 10, 1877, at Grosse
Pointe, leaving his wife and one son, Alfred E.
Brush. The next nearest relative is a daughter of
William G. Thompson, whose first wife was a
daughter of Mr. Brush.

WILLIAM N. CARPENTER, the eldest child
of Nathan B. and Betsey Carpenter, was born at

Cooperstown, New York, July 22. 1816. His par-
ents removed to Detroit in 1825, and his father, who
died in 1868, was at the time of his death one of
the oldest and best known citizens. He was a
prominent member of the Masonic fraternity and
of the Mechanic Society, and occupied various posi-
tions of honor and trust connected with the city
government.

William N. Carpenter was educated in the public
schools of Detroit, and at the age of thirteen be-
came a clerk in the store of Franklin Moore, with
whom he was afterwards associated as partner.
He was also employed in the store of Elliott Gray.
After acquiring a good commercial education, he
began business for himself, opening a dry good
store on the south side of Jefferson Avenue, be-
tween Bates Street and Woodward Avenue. His
business venture was soon rewarded with a sub-
stantial success, and in 1834, having accumulated a
considerable fortune, he retired from mercantile
life.

His naturally active temperament, however, de-
manded employment, and he soon found congenial
fields for his business energieajn jDther enterprises.
With ex-Governor Bagley, he became interested in
the manufacture of tobacco, and during the earlier
history of the extensive tobacco factory of J. J.
Bagley & Company, he did much to establish the
business on a prosperous basis. He also became a
large stockholder in the Peninsular Stove Company,
was for several years vice-president, and by his
assistance in the management of its affairs, con-
tributed greatly to the success of the corporation.
For many years also he was a director of the Peo-
ple's Savings Bank. In connection with ex-Governor
Henry H. Crapo, he engaged extensively in the
lumber business, and owned large tracts of pine
land in the town of Vassar, Michigan. He was
also a stockholder and officer in the Eureka Iron
Company and held considerable real estate in De-
troit. In 1879 he erected the large store on the
southwest corner of Woodward and Jefferson Ave-
nues. In his varied business projects he evinced
excellent business judgment, and his keen business
foresight, added to strict integrity, made him a
wise counselor and one whose advice was often
sought.

He is, however, best remembered because of the
possession of the qualities which characterize a
good and useful member of society. He was a
man of large benevolence, and a judicious friend
to the really needy. He believed in organized
charities, and as a member of the executive board
of A ssociated Charities, was ever ready by personal
labor and pecuniary contributions, to further that
organization. His benevolence was free from osten-
tation. He had faith in the practical usefulness of

fr, //> A^-?.

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

T2I 1

the church, and supported it with his fortune, per-
sonal labor, and by the example of a life of singular
purity and faithful devotion to duty. Early in life
he united with St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and at
the time of his death his membership in the church
antedated that of any other person in the diocese.
In 1845 he became one of the founders of Christ
Church, and remained continuously a member of the
vestry, and for twenty-nine years served as warden.
The highest offices it was possible for the church to
confer upon a layman, were frequently bestowed
upon him. He served as trustee of the diocese,
deputy to the general convention, and member of
the standing committee of the diocese. The direc-
tion made in his will that $25,000 of his estate be
appropriated to the building of a free chapel or
church, was in accordance with a long cherished
purpose, and the carrying out of the project will
furnish a most fitting monument to his memory.

During the latter years of his life, Mr. Carpenter
devoted much time to travel, both in his own and
foreign countries. He was deeply interested in the
development of the commercial interests of the
Southern States, and was pecuniarily interested in
the reclamation of portions of the Everglades of
Florida, in furthering orange culture, and in pro-
moting the extension of railroads in that State.
The only political office he held was that of mem-
ber of the Board of Estimates.

He was married in 1845 to Amanda Gibbs,
daughter of William Gibbs. of Skaneateles, New
York. They had five children, two of whom died
in infancy. The names of those living are : Rev.
Samuel B. Carpenter, archdeacon of the Episcopal
Church of south Florida ; Edith, wife of Rev. S. H.
Gurteen, of New York, and Clarence Carpenter,
treasurer of the Peninsular Stove Company of De-
troit.

Mr. Carpenter's death on November 10, 1885,
was the result of an accident, which shocked the
entire community. While driving, his horse be-
coming frightened, ran away, and he was thrown
from the carriage, and sustained injuries from the
effects of which he soon died. His sudden and
tragic death, while in the possession of good health
and with apparently years of usefulness before him,
caused universal sorrow among a host of friends.
Expressions of sorrow came from many portions of
the State, and warm tributes of respect w^re paid
to his memory by the various business corporations,
religious and charitable organizations with which
he was identified.

JOHN PERSON CLARK was born on the
Hudson River at a small town a few miles below
Catskill, on April 10, 1808, and was the son of John
and Sarah (Person) Clark. His parents, in 1812,

moved to Black Rock, near Buffalo, where his
father was carrying on the grocery business, at the
time the British crossed the river and burned the
city of Buffalo.

His father, with a few neighbors, procured a
small cannon, and from a bluff back of the town,
fired on the troops as they were crossing the river.
Before the war had closed, the family moved to
Cleveland, Ohio, and the elder Mr. Clark engaged
in keeping a hotel. He was a member of the
Masonic order, and the lodge met in one of the
rooms on the second fioor of the hotel, and in order
to drown the voices, so that what was said could
not be understood by the uninitiated, they rolled a
large cannon-ball over the floor during their meet-
ings.

In 1 81 8 the family moved to what is now known
as Wyandotte, and attempted farming, but after a
three years' struggle, gave it up, and bought tim-
bered land three miles back from the river, and
there three of the brothers cleared up a farm. John
P. Clark, at this time, was only thirteen years old,
but learned to build a comfortable log house, with-
out nails or boards. He worked out by the day or
month, and, at the age of sixteen, could do as
much work as a man. While yet a boy, he con-
cluded that it was not necessary to be as extremely
poor as many were with whom he was acquainted,
and therefore he eagerly improved every opportunity
for employment, and when not engaged at farming,
went to Ohio, and worked upon one of the canals
at $13 per month and his board. It was then cus-
tomary to furnish w^iiskey to the men three or four
times a day, and Mr. Clark partook with the others.
The taste of the liquor was at first very unpleasant.
He soon found, however, it was becoming palatable,
and therefore decided to leave it entirely alone, and
holding to his resolution, he came back to Michi-
gan, richer in both experience and money. The
only schooling he was able to obtain was in the
winter, when he was not employed on the farm. In
1825 his father died, and left five small children.
The older sons, however, kept the farm, and ran it
for the support of the children.

The year after his father's death, Mr. Clark
bought a part interest in a fishing company, and
continued to have investments in that business until
his death. His first shipments were made to vari-
ous places in Ohio, where he had attended school.
The lack of facilities for traveling in those days,
and Mr. Clark's energy, is illustrated in the fact
that, in 1828, he started from Mount Vernon, Ohio,
and traveled through the Black Swamp to Perrys-
burg, on the Maumee River, on foot. At the latter
place he met some acquaintances that he had known
in Cleveland, and with them formed a company to
fish on the Maumee River, with a seine, w^hich he

I2I2

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

had made the winter previous. The Maumee River
was a noted spawning ground, and there were great
numbers of fish in that locaHty. Upon one occa-
sion, Mr. Clark went to a small island up the river,
and in three nights speared twenty-one barrels of
fish. The following year he went into the fishing
business on his own account, hired a number of
men, and continued in the business of fishing for
twelve seasons. While he was fishing he worked
two crews, one at night and one during the day,
and seldom slept more than twenty minutes at a
time. On one occasion he and his men put up one
hundred barrels in a day, Mr. Clark himself doing
all the coopering. In the spring of 1832 he bought
some timber land, and supplied wood for the fish
trade along the canal, and during the year built a
a barge. The next year, with his own barge, he
busied himself with towing on the canal.

In 1836 he went on an exploring tour to Lake
Michigan, traversing the distance from Green Bay
to Milwaukee many times, and nearly always on
foot. The Indians in that region showed him
where they and their fathers before them caught
fish in the fall and winter. They usually smoked
and dried the fish which they caught, and then put
them into sacks and carried them to their wigwams.
They also sliced and dried their potatoes for winter
use. Profiting by the knowledge he had gained,
Mr. Clark, the next year, returned to Lake Michi-
gan, and engaged actively in fishing, and in the
spring of 1838 he employed fifty men, and went
into the business on quite an extensive scale. At
this time his brother George and Mr. Shadrack
Gillett were associated with him. In the same
year he purchased a vessel, and has owned one or
more ever since. From being a vessel owner he
naturally drifted into the business of repairing ves-
sels, and in 1850 he relinquished part of his fishing
business, came to Detroit, and built a dry dock,
erected a saw-mill, and built and repaired vessels.
He also raised sunken vessels. For some years past
the shipyard has been leased to other parties, and a
number of the largest vessels on the lakes have been
built in his yard. Up to the time of his death, he was
engaged to some extent in fishing, and had ponds
or pools along the river where his fish were stored»
and occupied one fishing ground that he located
fifty-six years ago. He employed between forty
and fifty men, and, in addition to his other busi-
ness, cultivated five extensive farms. He was one
of the oldest residents in this locality, and was in
every sense the architect of his own fortune. By
his perseverance and his constant personal super-
vision of his business, he accumulated a handsome
property. Like almost all men who achieve suc-
cess in any sphere of life, he doubtless made some
enemies, but he also made warm and strong friends.

Mr. Clark was married to Susan E. Booth, on
February 20, 1838. She was born in England, on
June I, 181 5, and died on May 18, i860. Their
children were Avis S., Alice E., Alvin S., Florence
M., Arthur J., Walter B., Norman S. On February
19, 1863, Mr. Clark married Eliza W. Whiting. She
was born in Amherst, Vermont. She died January
14, 1883. Mr. Clark died on September 3, 1888.

DARIUS COLE was born in Wales, Erie
County, New York, October 11,1818. His parents,
Benjamin and Ruth Cole, removed from Rhode
Island to Erie County just before the War of 181 2,
and settled on a new^ farm. They had four chil-
dren, Melissa, Phoebe, Benjamin, and Darius, who
is the youngest and the only surviving member
of the family. His father died when he was six
weeks old, and his mother, with the assistance of
hired help, cleared the farm, and supported the
family until her death, in 1824. After her death,
Darius, who was then six years old, went to live
with his grandfather on an adjoining farm, and
remained there until he was sixteen. Although
his health was quite poor, he worked and saved
a small sum of money, with which he came to De-
troit in September, 1835, and for a year he worked
on a farm in Macomb County.

In the fall of 1836 he went with his uncle. Judge
William A. Burt, on a surveying expedition west of
the Mississippi River, to what was then known as
the Black Hawk purchase, in Iowa Territory. He
was there about eighteen months, and then re-
turned to Detroit, and went with Mr. Burt to survey
the tract of country lying between Cheboygan and
Manistee, on the Straits of Mackinac. For the
six months which intervened between these expe-
ditions, he kept a grocery on the site of the old
Board of Trade Building, at the corner of Shelby
and Woodbridge Streets, which he abandoned on
account of failing health. In the fall of 1839 he
made another venture in the mercantile business at
Lexington, Michigan, and continued there with fair
success until 1850. In that year he became inter-
ested in the steamboat business, with which he has
ever since been identified. He first bought the
James Walcott (afterwards rebuilt and called the
Scott), and put her on the Saginaw River. She
was the first steamboat that plied between what
is now Bay City and Saginaw. In 1855 he
bought the steamer Columbia, started the first line
between Detroit and Saginaw, and extended it to
Cheboygan and points along the lake shore. His
enterprise had much to do in settling that part
of the country, and the early settlers of that region,
and their goods and provisions, were principally
conveyed by his line of boats. In 1852, Captain
Ward put on the Huron, the initial boat of his line,

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^ ^ o? *^3-2^

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

I213

and soon after added the Forest Queen. Deter-
mined not to be outdone, Captain Cole, in the
winter of 1856, purchased the Northerner, the finest
boat that had yet appeared on the lakes, and put
her on his line in the spring. While making her
first trip on Lake Huron, with a heavy cargo and
some two hundred persons, including passengers
and crew, on board, she was run into and sunk by
Captain Ward's steamer, the Forest Queen, the ves-
sel and cargo being a total loss, and the second
engineer drowned. The passengers and crew were
saved. The next year Captain Cole fitted up the
Columbia, which had been laid aside, and ran her
over the route until 1861, when she was replaced
by the steamer Huron, which continued to run
until the consolidation of the river and lake shore
lines. In 1874 the company was dissolved, and
since then Captain Cole has continued the Saginaw
and Alpena, or lake shore line, the boats at present
being the iron propeller Arundel and the Metropo-
lis. In 1885 the Darius Cole was built by the
Globe Iron Shipbuilding Company of Cleveland,
Ohio, for and under the supervision of Captain
Cole, being finished and fitted out by him in De-
troit, in the spring of 1886, at a cost of $i;o,oco.
This steamer is two hundred and thirteen feet in
length over all, her hull is thirty-two feet beam,
depth of hold ten feet, and breadth of beam over
guards, sixty feet. Her hull is built of iron and
steel, having five water-tight compartments or
bulkheads, with iron decks, w^hich renders her
perfectly safe in case of collision. Her boilers
and machinery are completely incased in iron,
making her absolutely fire-proof. She was placed
on the route between Port Huron and Detroit in
1886.

Captain Cole is one of the enterprising, self-
made, successful business men of Detroit, and has
become one of the best knowm men on the lakes.
He has made hosts of friends and is deservedly
popular. He is unostentatious in his manner, and
at all times courteous and agreeable. He has won
his own way from boyhood, and has earned the
right to enjoy the fruits of his success. He pos-
sesses good business talents, his integrity is unques-
tioned, and he has a w^arm and kindly sympathy
for those less fortunate than himself.

Originally he belonged to the Whig party, but
has been a Republican since the latter party w^as
organized.

He was married at Lexington, Michigan, in April,
1841, to Ann Wilcox. They had four children,
none of whom are now living. His wife and two
of the children died in 1848. Benjamin, one of the
sons, lived to be nineteen years old, and died sud-
denly on board the steamboat, at Bay City, in 186 1.
The daughters were Ruth, Ann, and Cordelia. In

1849 he married Hannah Lentz, of Lexington. By
this marriage there is one son, Frank Cole, of West
Bay City.

EBER W. COTTRELL was born February 17,
1 84 1, in the township of Cottrellville, St. Clair
County, Michigan. In 1753, his great grandfather,
Henry Hoofer, while residing in Schenectady
County, New York, when only seven years old was
captured by the Indians, together with an elder sis-
ter. The Indians tomahawked and scalped the
rest of the family, five in number, one an infant in
its cradle. No tidings were ever heard of the sister,
but, three years later, Henry's captors took him to
Montreal, w^here he w^as ransomed, adopted and
educated by an English army ofificer, named Cott-
rell, which name w^as assumed by young Hoofer.
In 1774, when he became of age, he went to his
native place in search of his family, but soon re-
turned to Montreal, his quest having been in vain.
He came to Detroit in 1779, traded with the
Indians along the river to the north, and married a
French lady of Detroit, in 1781. They had nine
children, of whom the eldest, George, lived and
died on the banks of the St. Clair river, and was
the father of thirteen children, the eldest of whom,
George H. Cottrell, was a very popular and well-
known pioneer lake captain, more particularly iden-
tified with the Detroit, St. Clair River, and Saginaw
commerce and travel. He was married to Submit
Ward, daughter of the Hon. Zael Ward, at Buffalo,
N. Y., on board the schooner Harrison, in May,
1838. They had five children.

Eber W. Cottrell, the eldest of the children,
was educated at Newport (now Marine City)
Academy, and at an early age commenced a mari-
time life upon the great lakes, where he became
proficient in all branches of that pursuit. He also
made several sea voyages and spent some time
upon the Mississippi and other southern rivers.
His career as a sailor was marked by many thrilling
and interesting incidents.' In 1868 he married
Miss Nellie Smith, and removed to Greenfield,
Wayne County, Mich. Entering upon agricultural
pursuits, he became interested in and successfully
managed one of the finest stock-farms in the State.
He also engaged in the growing of small fruits,
owning a fine vineyard and fruit farm within two
miles of Detroit. He is a prominent member of
the State Horticultural Society, and has written ex-
tensively upon agricultural topics for the press. In
1866-67 he made a tour to the West Indies, visit-
ing all the islands, and spending six months at
Jamaica. While there he wrote a series of letters
upon those islands for the Detroit Tribune. His
articles were marked by a clear, forcible style,
and were of high literary merit. Having decided

I2I4

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

predilections for political life, he early entered poli-
tics, and his strong character and rare powers of
organization soon raised him to the leadership of
the agricultural element of the Republican party in
Wayne County. He has filled the offices of Justice
of the Peace, Supervisor, and Superintendent of
Schools for the Township of Greenfield, and was a
member of the Republican State Central Committee
for two terms. He was also nominated by Presi-
dent Grant, and confirmed by the Senate, as Re-
ceiver of Public Moneys for the Detroit District of
the U. S. Land Office, but declined the position.
In 1879 h^ w^s elected Representative to the State
Legislature from the Third District of Wayne
County, and so well did he fulfill the duties of his
office, that on his return home at the close of the
session he was tendered a public reception, and was
presented with an elegant gold watch and chain by
his constituents, " for faithful and efficient services
in the Legislature." At the end of his term he was
re-elected by an increased majority. While a mem-
ber of the Legislature he introduced and secured the
passage of the bill that secured to Detroit what will
eventually prove one of its most attractive features :
the grand Boulevard that girdles the city, and which
will remain a monument to his efforts and memory
as long as Detroit shall exist. In the Legislature
he served as chairman of the Agricultural College
and Prison Committees, w^as a prominent member
of the Railroad Committee, and took a leading
part in all matters of legislation.

Mr. Cottrell was a trusted friend of the late Sen-
ator Zach Chandler during the latter part of his life,
and was also a friend and adviser of Ex-Gov. H.
P. Baldwin during his political career. While in
the Legislature of 1879, a warm and lasting friend-
ship grew^ up between him and Thomas W. Palmer,
then State Senator, and later United States Sena-
tor, and United States Minister to Spain, and the
most confidential relations have ever since existed
between them. Mr. Cottrell was an active leader
in Mr. Palmer's contest for the gubernatorial nomi-
nation in 1882, and after the defeat of United
• States Senator T. W. Ferry, he bent his energies
towards securing Mr. Palmer's election to the
United States Senate. After this achievement had
been accomplished, he accompanied Senator and
Mrs. Palmer upon an extended tour through
Europe. During this trip they selected many of
the fine and valuable Percheron horses and Jersey
cattle that have since formed the chief attractions
of the celebrated Log Cabin Stock Farm, which
farm was made beautiful and attractive largely
under the supervision of Mr. Cottrell. In 1887
he again visited Europe, extending his travels to
Africa and Asia, through Syria, Palestine, and
far into the Arabian desert, bringing with him

on his return home some valuable animals for the
stock farm.

In 1 88 1, when the northern part of the Lower
Peninsula was desolated by forest fires, over two
millions of dollars were contributed to relieve the
homeless and destitute people, and the Michigan
Fire Relief Commission, one of the most stupend-
ous relief associations ever organized in this country
up to that time, was constituted to take charge of
the distribution of this fund, with Governor Jerome
as chairman. Upon Mr. Cottrell, who was the
general manager and confidential agent of the com-
mission, devolved the active work of distributing
aid, and under his careful direction three thousand
families were succored and relieved from distress.
He received much credit for the prompt and effi-
cient manner in which he conducted the work of the
Commission, and his efforts did not receive an ad-
verse criticism from a single paper of the State, a
fact eloquent with praise and commendation.

In the winter of 1888-89 Mr. Cottrell conceived
the idea of a permanent exposition for Detroit, and,
in connection with a mutual friend, organized and
carried out to a successful issue a venture that has
conferred incalculable benefits upon Detroit, dis-
pelled the idea of slowness that had been associated
wdth her name, and demonstrated that she possessed
the enterprise and energy of a metropolitan city.
Upon Mr. Cottrell fell the vast mass of detail in-
cident to such a great undertaking, the laying out
of grounds, the supervision of plans, the arrange-
ment of buildings, machinery, approaches, docks,
etc. The able manner in which he carried out the
work was testified to by Senator McMillan, Presi-
dent of the Association, who, in his address at the
opening of the Exposition, paid the following tribute
to Mr. Cottrell :

*' In all such enterprises there must be one man
to take the lead, and that man was Eber W. Cott-
rell, who, believing that the time had arrived for
Detroit to have a permanent exposition, induced
others to join him, and to his untiring energy and
large experience we are largely indebted not only
for the Exposition itself, but for the admirable ar-
rangements both of the grounds and buildings."

Of the same tenor, and equally commendatory,
were the comments of the press and citizens.

At the close of the Exposition Mr. Cottrell re-
signed his position as Secretary to accept the office of
Land Commissioner for the Detroit, Mackinaw and
Marquette Railroad, which position he still holds.

Mr. Cottrell has two children living, namely,
Willie, now thirteen years old, and Irene, who is
three years old.

Mr. Cottrell is a member of the Detroit Club, the
Michigan Club, the Detroit Commandery of the
Knights Templar and other organizations.

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS. ETC.

1215

Perhaps the most prominent trait of Mr. Cottrell's
character is his great energy. Once embarked in
an enterprise, he never rests until it is accomplished.
As a farmer and stock-raiser he was considered an
expert on fruit culture, bee-raising, sheep, horse and
swine breeding, and in the horse-marts of Europe
his judgment was recognized as of the highest
order. As a politician he took the lead in many-
campaigns, and was the trusted adviser of some of
the most prominent of the Republican leaders. As a
business man and manager, he demonstrated his
ability by the successful manner in which he has
carried out everything with which he has been con-
nected. Possessing a mind extremely versatile in
its range, and comprehensive in its grasp of details,
together with an active judgment, quick resolution,
and energetic nature, he is eminently qualified to
carry out large enterprises, and to fill any position
requiring executive ability. His approachable dis-
position, together with his readiness to give a help-
ing hand, has won for him a large number of
friends, and under a brusque exterior beats a heart
that quickly responds to every cause deserving of
support and recognition.

ALFRED A. DWIGHT is one of the prominent
men whose lives have been spent mostly in Detroit,
and whose resolute energy, persevering effort, and
Christian integrity have not only brought to them-
selves deserved success in business and honorable
reputation among their fellow-men, but have also
tended, in a high degree, to the growth and pros-
perity of the city. He was born in the township of
Thompson, Windham County, Connecticut, March
27, 181 5, and comes from early New England ances-
try, being the lineal descendant of John Dwight,
who emigrated from England in 1636, and settled
in Dedham, Massachusetts.

He is one of the three children of William and
Lucia (Dresser) Dwight. His father was a mer-
chant and a manufacturer of cotton goods during
the most of his business life. The son received
his early education in the common schools of New
England, and at the age of fourteen years, became
a clerk in a large mercantile firm in Sturbridge,
Massachusetts, where he remained for the next
six years, engaged in laying those foundations
and acquiring that knowledge of business and of
the principles upon which it should be conducted,
which should fit him for future usefulness and
success in life. While thus employed, his father, in
1 83 1, migrated to Detroit, where he died shortly
after. His death made it necessary that Alfred A.,
then just on the verge of manhood, should come
here to care for the interests of his widowed mother
and the other surviving members of the family.
He therefore left his employers in Massachusetts,

and arrived in Detroit, October 30, 1833, oh the
steamer Henry Clay, after a stormy passage from
Buffalo, lasting a whole week.

From that day Mr. Dwight has been a resident
of this city, but in 1837 returned to his former
residence in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, and was
there united in marriage to Frances M. Wheelock,
the daughter of his former employer.

Mr. Dwight was not to find his future work as
a business man confined to the routine of the mer-
cantile life in which he had hitherto been trained :
a larger field of action was to open before him, well
adapted to his energy of character, administrative
ability, and sterling integrity, which were to bring
the confidence of others willing to entrust him with
the care and management of their pecuniary inter-
ests.

Detroit was even at that time an old city, for it
had been settled for one hundred and thirty-two
years. It contained, however, only about three
thousand inhabitants, and was without water-works,
sidewalks, and sewers. It was almost on the west-
ern border of civilization, beyond which there was
but a very small white population, very sparsely
spread over Michigan Territory. Most of the lower
peninsula was then an unbroken forest, containing
a vast amount of the choicest timber of every
variety incident to this latitude, and constituting
the material from which a large amount of wealth
was to be reaped w^hen the demand for timber should
be increased, its price enhanced, and the facilities
for conveying it to market largely multiplied and
extended. The era of railroads had then scarcely
dawned, and the number of steam and sail vessels
on our great lakes was quite small, because a large
demand for them as bearers of inland commerce
had not yet arisen. Within three years after Mr,
Dwight's first arrival, the population of the city and
territory had so increased that Michigan was ad-
mitted into the Union, and during the succeeding
half century she has progressed with such gigantic
strides as to become the seventh in population
among the States of the Union. During the same
period Detroit has become the metropolis of the
State, and contains now a population of not far
from two hundred thousand.

In this marvelous development Mr. Dwight has
acted an important part. He purchased, at an
early day, for himself and associates, large tracts
of pine and other timbered land in several of our
northern counties,"^ built saw-mills, and manufac- •
tured and sold quantities of lumber, from the avails
of which large profits have been honorably acquired.
In his operations during almost forty years as the
active manager of his firm, he has employed and
personally directed the labor of a large number of
men, and induced many of the most intelligent

I2l6

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

among them, with their'families, to become pioneer
settlers in the wilderness which he was engaged in
opening.

Mr. D wight has been eminently a man of affairs,
and his efforts have brought to himself and his
associates in business a good degree of pecuniary
success; he has also aided largely in the growth
and prosperity of the northern counties of the
State, by the assistance which he has rendered
in settling and organizing townships, draining and
reclaiming low and wet lands, constructing State
drains, roads, bridges, school-houses, and churches,
and making the "wilderness blossom as the rose."
In all this progress he has been a constant guide and
helper, and his usefulness therein is widely known
and cheerfully acknowledged. One township in
Huron bears his name, and he well merits the
honor and respect which is gratefully accorded to
him in Northern Michigan, where the most of his
life work has been done. In his home and social
life in Detroit he has ever been esteemed as a man
wise in counsel, genial and winning in manners,
sympathizing with the unfortunate, and has always
aided, according to his ability, in carrying on every
good work.

Early in life he became a member of a Christian
Church, and has been connected with the Jefferson
Avenue Presbyterian Church in Detroit since its
formation, and one of its ruling elders since the
year 1867, ever respected and loved by all connected
therewith.

Mr. Dwight has been twice married. His first
wife passed away within two years after his mar-
riage, leaving him one daughter, Frances Matilda,
now Mrs. C. A. Moross of Chattanooga, Tennessee.
In 1843 he married Laura A. Morse of Mount
Vernon, Maine, a lady of rare cultivation and refine-
ment, a true wife and mother, whose virtues are
best known to those who have had intimate ac-
quaintance with her. They have had two children,
Charlotte Eugenia, now deceased, who married
Joseph H. Berry of Detroit, and William M. Dwight.

Mr. Dwight still survives, after having more than
filled up the measure of threescore and ten years
commonly allotted to man. He is a worthy example
of the typical American man of business, and of the
courteous. Christian gentleman. Such men are the
pillars which sustain and support our national insti-
tutions.

ERALSY FERGUSON was born January 14,
1820, in Radfield, Oneida County, New York.
When he was quite young he with his parents
removed to Canada. In 1826 they went to Monroe,
Michigan, and after about a year to Detroit. Here
for several years his father kept a small hotel on
Woodward Avenue near the river, and Mr. Ferguson

well remembers the various vessels then frequent-
ing this port.

In 1829 his father removed to Oakland County,
and settled on a farm. After remaining on the
farm for two years, Mr. Ferguson returned to De-
troit, and worked on the farm of Judge James
Witherell until about the year 1838. During the
winter months of this period, he attended school at
the old Detroit Academy. Upon leaving Mr.
Witherell's employ he received eighty acres of wild
land in St. Clair County, and in the winter of 1839
commenced clearing it up ; but, after two months
of hard labor, he abandoned the idea of becoming a
farmer, returned to Detroit, engaged in teaming,
and in the foUow^ing winter made three journeys
with a team to Chicago, conveying passengers and
freight saved from a Chicago bound steamboat,
which was partly wrecked late in the season on
Lake Huron. Each of these journeys took from
nineteen to twenty-six days.

In September, 1844, Mr. Ferguson entered the
employ of the Michigan Central Railroad, serving
successively as night watchman, baggageman,
freight conductor, and passenger conductor. He
had charge of the first passenger train which ran
into Chicago over the Michigan Central Railroad.
He subsequently became depot and train master at
Detroit, resigning the latter position in January,
1875, after over thirty years' continuous connection
with the road. About three years previous to his
resignation, at the request of James F. Joy, Presi-
dent of the Michigan Central Railroad, he engaged
in the transfer, receipt, and delivery of city freight,
by means of trucks built especially for that purpose.
The business increased to such an extent that he
was compelled to retire from the employment of
the railroad company, and since that time he has
continued in this line of business, and was also for a
few years subsequent to 1877, one of the proprie-
tors of the Cass Hotel.

In his political sympathies Mr. Ferguson was at
first a Whig and is now a Republican, but has
never been an office seeker or held a political office
of any kind. In 1837 he was commissioned by
Governor Mason as First Lieutenant of a militia
company, and during the " Patriot War " in the
following winter and spring, his company was called
into the service of the general government, to guard
the Canadian frontier and protect the United States
arsenal at Dearborn from a possible raid of the
" Patriots."

By a wise management of his financial affairs, he
has acquired a competency, and is esteemed as an
upright and useful citizen.

He was married January 20, 1842. at Detroit to
Miss Nancy Canfield, daughter of Lemon Canfield
of Redford, Michigan, They have five children, all

c^

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LAND DEALERS. LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1217

living: Martha E., wife of Wallis Goodwin of
Detroit ; Julia €., wife of E. W. Cobb of Adrian,
Michigan ; Frances L., wife of Rev. Harry S. Jen-
kinson of Detroit ; Josephine E. and John G. Fer-
guson.

MOSES WHEELOCK FIELD was born at
Watertown, in the State of New York, on February
10, 1828, and is the second son of William and
Rebecca (Wheelock) Field. He was educated in
the public school and at Victory Academy, where
he graduated.

In 1844 he came to Detroit and engaged in the
large mercantile house of F. Moore & Co. In 1832
Mr. Field formed a partnership with John Stephens,
under the firm name of Stephens & Field, and they
opened a wholesale chandlery and grocery business
on the northwest corner of Woodward Avenue and
Atwater Street. After the termination of this co-
partnership, Mr Field conducted the business alone
until about 1880, when he retired from mercantile
pursuits. He was always interested in public affairs.
In early life he was a Whig, but afterwards sup-
ported the Free Soil movement, and in i860 voted
for Abraham Lincoln. In 1872 Mr. Field was
elected to Congress. In 1883 he was appointed by
Governor Begole as a trustee of the Eastern Asylum
for the Insane, for the term of six years, and in
April, 1885, was elected one of the Regents of the
University of Michigan, for the term of eight years.

He was especially active in organizing the Michi-
gan State Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals in 1865, and was its first president.. To
his efforts are largely due the passage of most of
the State laws of Michigan relating to humane
treatment of animals.

He was married on February 2, 1858, to Mary
Kercheval, daughter of the late Benjamin B. Kerche-
val, one of the jMoneers of Michigan. He died
March 14, 1889.

GEORGE SMITH FROST was born June 14,
1824. at Marcellus. in the State of New York. His
ancestors were among the early emigrants from
Great Britain, and several of them were engaged
in the War of the Revolution. His grandfather,
Josiah Frost, was born at Williamsburgh, Massa-
chusetts, in 1763. His father, Josiah Frost, Jr.,
was born in Williamsburgh, January 28, 1791, and
had eleven sisters and brothers. He was married
May 2c, 18 14, to Hannah M. (Smith) Frost, who
was one of the thirteen children of Ithamar Smith
of East Hartford, Connecticut, and was born June
17, 1794. Josiah Frost, Jr., left Massachusetts
with his father in 1803. and settled in Marcellus.
He was a farmer by occupation. The family
included seven children, five boys and two girls,

five of whom, including George S. Frost, are still
living. Josiah Frost, Jr., died in Camillas, New
York, July 31, 1828, and within seven years after
his death the family removed to Pontiac, Michigan,
where one of the children had preceded them, and
there, in May, 185 1, the mother died.

George S. Frost attended the district school
and academy of his native place, and after his ar-
rival in Pontiac, he attended, for a short time, the
branch of the University, then located at that
place. By the time he was fourteen years old,
however, it seemed desirable that he secure employ-
ment, and in 1838 he entered the hardware store of
Horace Thurber, at Pontiac, and a year later was
clerking for his brother, at Troy, and from there, in
1839, came to Detroit, and became a clerk in the
store of Lyon & Phelps. Several changes took
place in the firm, but Mr. Frost remained for six
years, and proved so competent a salesman that his
services were frequently sought by others. Mean-
time, as early as 1842, he became a member of the
First Presbyterian Church, and happened to occupy
a seat near the one almost invariably occupied by
General Cass, who, for some reason, seemed to feel
kindly disposed towards him, and proffered his
friendship; and when Mr. Frost, in 1845, gave up
his situation in the store of Hiram Lyon, General
Cass immediately engaged him to assist him in his
office work. The same year, in the fall, the office
of Surveyor-General, northwest of the Ohio, was
removed from Cincinnati to Detroit, Lucius Lyon,
being appointed Surveyor-General. General Cass
immediately procured Mr. Frost's appointment as
recording clerk in the office, and the next year he was
appointed assistant 'draughtsman, and afterwards
principal draughtsman, and just before the term of
Mr. Lyon expired, he was made chief clerk. Mean-
time, the important mineral region of the Upper
Peninsula was surveyed, and Mr. Frost, as principal
draughtsman, constructed a large proportion of the
maps of that region from the field notes of the sur-
veyors, and was sent to Washington with the maps.
Through the influence of General Cass, then serving
as Senator, he was kept in Washington during the
Presidential term of James K. Polk, and was
engaged in several of the departments of the Gen-
eral Land Office, and also acted as private secretary
to General Cass. He became, by invitation, a
member of the household of General Cass, and
continued as such until his marriage, in 1852, gave
him a home of his own. Up to the day of his
death, General Cass manifested the strongest af-
fection for Mr. Frost ; hardly a day passed without
his calling him to his side, and he was almost con-
stantly with him during his illness. The intimate
relation which Mr. Frost sustained to the General,
brought him, while at Washington, into close per-

12l8

LAND DEALERS. LUMBER MANUFACTURERS. ETC.

sonal contact and acquaintance with all the leading
statesmen of that period.

Mr. Frost's familiarity with land matters, espe-
cially in Michigan, secured him the appointment, in
1852, of Land Commissioner of the Saint Mary's
Falls Ship Canal Company, and he personally super-
intended the selection of the seven hundred and
fifty thousand acres of land to which that com-
pany were entitled for building the canal, and
retained his position until the company, in 1864,
closed up its affairs by disposing of the unsold land
at auction. With the added experience gained in the
management of the hundreds of thousands of acres
of lands owned by the canal company, Mr. Frost
naturally continued' in the business of buying and
selling pine lands. His business has been solely on
commission, and he has probably negotiated the
sale of more lands than any other person in Michi-
gan, many millions of acres having been transferred
through his agency. His time, however, has not
been given solely to business. In 1858 and 1859 he
served as President of the Young Men's Christian
Union ; in 1862 and 1863. as Alderman of the First
Ward ; from 1869 to 1871, as one of the Commis-
sioners on the Plan of the City; later, as one of
the trustees of the Detroit Medical College ; and
for a quarter of a century or more he has served as
an elder, and during part of the time as trustee
of the First Presbyterian Church.

He possesses a warm and kindly heart, and is
eminently social in his nature. His willingness to
serve and give always keeps pace with his ability,
and if he had been less generous, it would doubt-
less have been to his advantage. In business
matters, he is cautious and methodical.

He married Ellen E. Noble, daughter of Charles
Noble, on October 12, 1852. They have four chil-
dren living, Rev.* Charles Noble Frost, now at West
Bay City ; Caroline Noble Frost of Detroit ; Rev.
George Canfield Frost, at Three Rivers; and
Conway Alonzo Frost, now in the Medical Depart-
ment of the University at Ann Arbor.

J. HUFF JONES was born in Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, and is the son of Thomas J. Jones, one
of the first settlers of St. Joseph County, whose
ancestors at an early date lived in Albany, New
York. Mr. Jones accompanied his parents to
Michigan in 1 831, moved to Detroit in the spring
of 1846, and lived with and assisted his uncle,
De Garmo Jones, in the management of various
business enterprises until his death in November,
1846.

Since that time he has been engaged in business
connected with the settlement of his uncle's affairs,
and has also been the legal guardian of several
other estates, involving the care and custody of

large fortunes, and in the performance of these
crusts he has shown the best of judgment and busi-
ness method, and exceptional faithfulness. He is a
member of the Detroit Felting Company, Vice-
President of the Detroit Motor Company, and one
of the trustees of Elmwood Cemetery.

In politics he was formerly a Whig, but since the
formation of the Republican party has been stead-
fast in his allegiance to that organization, though
he has never been active in party management nor
held political position.

Since i860 he has been a trustee of the Fort
Street Presbyterian Church and active in promoting
its financial interests. As a member of the Asso-
ciation of Charities and of various philanthropic
societies, he has ever been an important factor, but
always in a modest, though none the less helpful
manner. He is a bachelor, but enjoys society, has
an extended social acquaintance, and is a pleasant
and agreeable companion, genial, of refined and
courteous manner, and well and worthily repre-
sents one of the oldest and most highly esteemed
families.

EDWARD LYON, for nearly a half century
one of the best known hotel proprietors in Michi-
gan, was born in the town of Shelburne, near the
city of Burlington, Vermont, June 12, 1805, and
was the son of Timothy and Mary (Hawley) Lyon.
His parents emigrated to the town of Shelburne as
early as 1795. Edward Lyon was educated in the
district schools of his native town, and when but a
youth began to gain his own livelihood. Nearly ten
years of his early manhood were spent in steam-
boating on Lake Champlain, on the steam packet
Franklin, commanded by Captain R. W. Sherman,
which plied between Whitehall, New York, and St.
Johns. Canada. By fidelity to his duties, Mr. Lyon
gained the confidence of his employers, and was
frequently put in charge of the boat during the
absence of the commander. While acting in this
capacity, he transported thousands of people from
St. Johns, who were fleeing from that place to escape
the ravages of the cholera, which broke out there on
its first appearance in America.

Moved with a desire to benefit himself, Mr. Lyon,
in 1833. abandoned navigation, and settled at Cleve-
land, Ohio, where he leased and kept the Franklin
House, at that time the best hotel in the city. Ii^
the spring of 1836 he sold his interest in the hotel,
to Benjamin Harrington, and moved to Detroit.
He remained here, however, only a few months,
and then removed to Ionia County, where he en-
gaged in merchandizing and the purchase and
sale of real estate, with considerable success. He
founded the town of Lyons, on the present
Detroit & Milwaukee Railway, and thus left a

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

I2lg

permanent memQrial of his stay in that portion of
the State.

In 1840 he returned to Detroit, and bought the
National Hotel, then standing on the present site
of the Russell House. He conducted the hotel
successfully for six years, and then sold out, and
purchased an interest in the Michigan Exchange,
and by his admirable management of this house,
for a period of nearly forty years, became well
known throughout the country. Several additions
were made to the dimensions of the hotel during
his ownership, by which its capacity was increased
three times its original size. He not only made
the hotel popular and widely known, but so ably
did he manage it, that he amassed a considerable
fortune. In 1881 he retired from active business,
and sought the repose which many years of con-
tinuous and arduous toil had justly earned, at his
residence at Grosse Isle, where for many years he
had spent the summer months. Having made
considerable investments in Florida, he built him-
self a winter home in Crescent City, where he spent
several months of each year. He loved to recall
the fact that he was an eye-witness of the great
naval battle on Lake Champlain, during the War of
18 1 2, heard the report of the first gun fired upon
that occasion, and, although he was but seven years
old, many of the incidents of that memorable en-
gagement were indelibly impressed upon his mind.
He acted with the Democratic party, but held no
political position, except that of Alderman from
the Fourth Ward of Detroit, in 1853 and 1854.
For over half a century he was a member of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, in which he took great
interest. He was for many years the Senior Warden
of St. Paul's Church, and a Trustee of St. Luke's
Hospital, Church Home, and Orphanage. At the
time of his retirement from the hotel business, he
was probably the oldest hotel keeper in the State,
and without doubt the best known. He was pecu-
liarly adapted by nature for his business, possessing
urbanity of manner, energy, and the tact so essential
to the highest success. He was kind-hearted and
generous, and his donations to charitable and bene-
volent objects were freely and liberally bestowed.
His integrity and business honor were beyond ques-
tion, and he enjoyed the unlimited confidence of his
business associates. He died while at his winter
home in Florida, on February 29, 1884.

CHARLES MERRILL was born in Falmouth,
^aine, January 3, 1792, and was the seventh of the
eight children of General James Merrill, who was
one of the principal citizens of Falmouth. Mr.
Merrill spent his earlier years upon his father's
^a^m, and obtained a good English education by
attending the common school during the winter.

When he became of age he went to the city of
Portland, which was only six miles from his home,
and in partnership with his brother and a Mr. Scott
engaged in mercantile business, under the firm name
of S. 8l C. Merrill & Company. The venture
proved unsuccessful, and heavy debts were incurred.
The firm being dissolved, Mr. Charles Merrill re-
moved to Virginia, where he took a sub-contract
on a railroad leading from Petersburg, which was
then in progress of construction. In this new field
he was successful, and made money enough to
discharge the obligations he had incurred m the
business at Portland. Returning there, he took a
contract for building a military road from Lincoln
to Holton. in Maine. The building of this road,
and the acquaintance it gave him with lands and
localities, caused him to become a large investor in
lands, and from 1835 to 1840 he formed one of a
company that invested and speculated largely in
real estate in various parts of Maine. They subse-
quently pushed their enterprises to Michigan, and in
1836. he, with ex-Governor Coburn, made large
investments in this then new field. Their purchases
w^ere located on the Black River, in St. Clair County.
When the panic of 1837 came, his Maine partners
proposed to withdraw from the joint ownership of
lands in that State, on condition that he would
assume and pay all the indebtedness upon them.
Mr. Merrill accepted and fulfilled these conditions,
and became sole owner of large tracts of land in
that State. In order to facilitate his care of these
lands, he removed in the same year from Portland
to Lincoln, and for eleven years was engaged in
lumbering. By this time the lumbering interests
of Michigan began to attract increasing attention,
and in 1848 he removed to Detroit, in order to
begin the lumbering of the lands he had entered in
1836. He also, in subsequent years, entered ex-
tensive tracts of pine lands in various parts of the
State, and very soon became, and remained, one of
the largest operators in pine lands and lumber
that the State has known. He built saw mills in
Saginaw and Muskegon, and at Falmouth, in Mis-
saukee County. In 1863 Thomas W. Palmer
became a partner with him in business. In 1858
he built the Merrill Block, on the corner of Wood-
ward and JefTerson Avenues, and at the time it was
considered the finest business building in the city.

Mr. Merrill was a man of great physical endur-
ance, of indomitable energy, and careful and
methodical in all his habits. He was an ardent
advocate of temperance, and was always ready to
give his countenance and support to temperance
movements.

In political affairs he was a Whig until the
organization of the Republican party, and there-
after acknowledged allegiance to that party.

1220

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

His retiring disposition kept him from political
prominence, but he was always a zealous Republi-
can. Although very successful in business, his
success did not make him grasping or narrow-
minded. To share his ventures with others was an
early and never neglected impulse, and he frequently
furnished capital for his associates. He was helpful
and thoughtful of those who were in distress of any
kind, and persons in trouble could always success-
fully appeal to his sympathy. In his religious
feelings he was broadly generous, liberal in his
estimate of others, and expected the same treat-
ment.

He was a prominent supporter of the Unitarian
Church, being one of the founders of the Society,
contributing largely to the erection of its first
building, and was a trustee of the church from its
inception until his death.

He married Frances Pitts, daughter of Major
Thomas Pitts of Charlestown, Massachusetts, in
December, 1836. His only child, Lizzie Merrill,
became the wife of Thomas W. Palmer, and now
lives in Detroit. Mr. Merrill died December 28,
1872.

FRANKLIN MOORE, one of the earlier mer-
chants of Detroit, and up to the time of his death
one of the best known and most highly esteemed
citizens, was of New England ancestry, of the old
Puritan stock, whose patriotism in the colonial and
revolutionary times are among the household tradi-
tions of their children and grandchildren. John
Moore, a great-uncle of Franklin, was a Captain,
and commanded a company at the battle of Bunker
Hill, and other of his relatives did service in the
Continental Army.

Franklin Moore's father, Joseph Moore, was an
early resident of Manchester, New Hampshire, and
an extensive lumberman on the Merrimac River, at
the time that region largely supplied the lumber mar-
kets of New England. His son, Franklin, was born
in Manchester, New Hampshire, in 1802, was edu-
cated at the common schools, and shortly after
attaining his majority entered into mercantile busi-
ness, continuing therein until 1832. Meantime, in
1 828, he was elected to the New Hampshire Legis-
lature, on the Whig ticket, and served one term, being
the youngest member but one in that body. He w^as
an earnest and active member of the Whig party,
but was among the first to join the Republican
party when it was organized. Aside, however,
from serving in the Legislature, he held no political
office.

During 1832 he came to Michigan, on a pros-
pecting tour, full of youthful enterprise, and ready,
if opportunity offered, to engage in business. After
looking around, he decided to locate in Detroit,

and, accordingly, in 1833, in company with his
brother-in-law, the late Zachariah Chandler, as a
partner, he entered into the dry goods business,
under the firm name of Moore & Chandler. Both
of the partners were destined to play a conspicuous
part, but in different directions : the one for over forty
years was a leading merchant and manufacturer ;
the other, after gaining wealth and distinction in
the same line, acquired a national reputation as a
politician and statesman. Each found his appro-
priate sphere of action, and performed its duties
with exceptional ability and credit.

In 1835 Mr. Moore engaged in the grocery busi-
ness, and carried it on alone until 1837, when his
store and stock were destroyed by fire. The same
year he started a new store, with the late Francis
Palms as his principal clerk. After a few years'
service Mr. Palms became his partner, under the
style of F. Moore & Company, the firm continuing
until 1846, and doing a large and ever-increasing
business. It was succeeded by the wholesale and
retail grocery house of Moore & Foote, George
Foote being the junior partner. In 1859, on the
admission of George F. Bagley, a brother of ex-
Governor John J. Bagley, the name of the firm was
changed to Moore, Foote & Company, and for
many years they did the largest business of any
grocery firm in the State, their sales aggregating
millions of dollars annually.

In 1863 Mr. Moore formed a partnership with
his brother, Stephen Moore, the firm being F. & S.
Moore, and they built a large saw-mill at the foot
of Eighteenth Street, and turned their attention to
the manufacture and sale of lumber, purchasing
large tracts of pine land in Michigan, and operat-
ing mills at Detroit and Bay City. In 1867 Frank-
lin Moore organized another firm, of which he was
also the senior partner, under the style of Moore,
Alger & Company, ex-Governor Russell A. Alger
and Stephen Moore being the partners. In 1869
the firm of Moore & Alger was organized, consist-
ing of Franklin Moore and R. A. Alger, and Mr.
Moore continued as the senior partner in the firm
until his death, on January 17, 1877.

He was not only a large-minded and successful
business man, but active in many kinds of public
and benevolent work. He was one of the original
members of the first Board of Trade, a director in
the Michigan State Bank and in the American
National Bank. He was also a member of the
Board of Trustees of Olivet College, and took a
deep interest in that institution, and contributed
largely to its support. He helped to organize, and
was a leading member of the Fort Street Presby-
terian Church, and was a constant and liberal
contributor to its support. In his will he bequeathed
$10,000 to the Boards of Home and Foreign Mis-

] ) (( Jj'^i^ u. - /J/f^&r C

\'>f '/

; .^

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, EiC.

I22I

sions of the Presbyterian Church of the United
States.

He was unswerving in his integrity, of strong
convictions, and ahvays did what he believed to be
just and right, irrespective of popular opinion.
While positive in character, he was far from stern ;
on the contrary, he was peculiarly genial and kind in
his intercourse with others, and in his home, patient,
gentle, and indulgent. He is remembered by many
with warm feelings of respect, and even affection,
because of his many amiable traits, and of his per-
sonal worth as a man, a citizen, and a friend.

He was three times married. He left by his sec-
ond marriage a daughter, Mattie E., wife of Henry
Van EUemeet, of St. Paul, Minnesota, and by the
third a son, Franklin A. Moore.

STEPHEN MOORE was born at Manchester,
New Hampshire, August 31, 1812. His father,
Joseph Moore, who was of Puritan ancestry, had
the same birthplace as his son, and was born in
April, 1770. He was a farmer and lumber dealer,
a prominent and wealthy citizen, and well known
throughout his native State. At his death in 1840,
he left the largest estate that had been adminis-
tered upon in the Probate Court for the County of
Hillsboro, up to that date. The mother of Stephen
Moore, Elizabeth (Kennedy) Moore, was of Scotch-
Irish descent, and was born at Gostown, New
Hampshire, in 1774, and died at Manchester in
1816.

Stephen Moore was one of a family of eight sons
and three daughters. He served as one of the
administrators of his father's estate, and after the
estate was settled, in the spring of 1843, removed
to Michigan, locating on the St. Clair River, two
miles above the village of St. Clair. Franklin
Moore, of Moore, Foote & Company, of Detroit,
was a brother. Another brother, Reuben Moore,
the father of Charles F. and Frank Moore, now of
St. Clair, located at St. Clair in 1837, and soon after
Stephen arrived, the two brothers entered into
partnership, for the purpose of manufacturing
leather. This partnership was dissolved in 1850,
and Stephen Moore commenced the purchase of
pine lands and the manufacture of lumber, remain-
ing at St. Clair until 1863, when he came to Detroit,
and formed a partnership with his brother Franklin,
under the firm name of F. & S Moore. They
built a saw-mill at the foot of Eighteenth Street,
and continued there until the death of Franklin
Moore, on January 17, 1877. • Meantime, in 1867,
the brothers had also entered into partnership with
Russell A. Alger, under the firm name of Moore,
Alger & Company, the firm continuing until 1870.

In 1 87 1 Stephen Moore formed a partnership
with Charles Tanner, his former foreman at the

Detroit mills, for the purpose of building a saw mill
at Oscoda, Michigan, on the Au Sable River, and
under the name of Moore & Tanner the business is
still continued. In 1880 the corporation of Moore,
Whipple & Company (now the Moore Lumber
Company) was formed, and Mr. Moore was made
President of the company, which position he still
retains.

Mr. Moore is a kind-hearted and generous man,
and, at the advanced age of seventy-five, is remark-
ably well preserved. He is unusually well informed
on all public questions, has clear business foresight,
and has been very successful in his extensive busi-
ness enterprises. He is the owner of two large
farms in the vicinity of Detroit, and of one near
Ypsilanti, and greatly enjoys their development.
Although advanced in years, and possessed of a
comfortable fortune, he delights in giving personal
attention to the interests of concerns with which he
is connected, and his name is a guarantee of the
stability and permanence of the interests he has so
long managed. He is a staunch Republican, but
has never been an office-seeker or an office-holder.

He was married to Elizabeth Huse, of Manchester,
New Hampshire, in January, 1836. His family
consists of his wife, two sons, Lucian S. and George
H., and a daughter, Josephine, all of whom live in
Detroit.

JOHN BURRITT MULLIKEN was born at
Campbelltown, Steuben County, New York. May
30, 1837, and is the son of Henry and Ermina
(Burritt) Mulliken. He is of Scotch ancestry, and
his paternal forefathers came to America prior to
the Revolution, settling near Worcester, Massa-
chusetts. His grandfather Campbell was a chap-
lain in the colonial forces under General Gates, at
Saratoga. His mother's ancestors settled in Con-
necticut at an early date, and their descendants are
still numerous in that State. Henry Mulliken, a
farmer by occupation, removed to Michigan with
his family in 1838, and settled at Battle Creek,
where he remained but a short time, and then
went to Rockford, Illinois, remaining in the latter
State most of the time until 1874, when after short
residences at Winona. Minnesota, and Escanaba,
Michigan, he settled at Lansing, Michigan, where
he and his wife died only a few months since at the
advanced age of seventy-nine and eighty years
respectively.

J. B. Mulliken passed his boyhood upon a farm
about thirty-five miles south of Chicago. At the
age of fifteen he left home and went to Maumee
City, Ohio, where for two years he served as a
clerk in a drug store. He then went to Urbana,
Illinois, and after a short period of clerkship in a
drug store and post-office, he entered the employ of

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LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

the Post-office Department as a sub-mail agent on
the Illinois Central Railroad, and after a brief service
in this capacity, he was appointed station agent of
the said company at Mattoon, Illinois, where he re-
mained two years. He then entered the local freight
office of the road at Chicago, and after a year's
clerkship entered the employ of the Galena, Chi-
cago & Union Railroad, as a clerk in the freight
office at Chicago, remaining until August, 1858,
when he was appointed agent at Rockford, Illinois,
in which capacity he remained at that point, and
at Belvidere and Sterling, in the same State, until
May, 1874. He was then made general agent and
given charge of the traffic of the Winona & St.
Peters Railroad, and a few months later was ap-
pointed superintendent of the Peninsular Division
of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, with
headquarters at Escanaba, Michigan, but within
six months came to Detroit, having received the
appointment of general superintendent of the De-
troit, Lansing & Lake Michigan Railroad. With
this last road and its successor, the Detroit, Lansing
& Northern Railroad, he has since been connected,
and for several years in the capacity of general
manager. He is also Vice-President and general
manager of the Chicago & West Michigan, and
President of the Saginaw Valley and St. Louis
Railroads, his general supervision extending over
about eight hundred miles of road, a work the suc-
cessful management of which requires a high order
of executive ability, rare judgment, constant and
unremitting labor, and a special training and infor-
mation acquired only by years of close application
and familiarity with innumerable details.

Mr. Mulliken's reputation as a railroad manager
has been earned by his faithful performance of
every trust committed to him, and he has justly won
approval and promotion. His experience and
abilities have made him an important factor in the
great transportation system of the country, a
knowledge of which has risen to the dignity of a
practical science, because of the complex financial
problems involved. His life has been given to hard
labor, and all that he has gained or become, has
been the result of his own efforts. He possesses
indomitable will and energy, with faith in his own
ability, and a persistent, persevering spirit, which
he infuses into those over whom he is placed.
He is strong and loyal in his friendships and
tenacious in his beliefs. Since his residence in De-
troit, his business connections have brought him
into intimate relationship with its leading busi-
ness men, whose confidence and esteem he has
thoroughly gained. He is a prominent member of
the Masonic fraternity and of various social organi-
zations.

He was married in 1858 to Emma A. Batcheldor.

They have had seven children, five of whom are
living, two sons and three daughters.

JOSEPH NICHOLSON, son of Thomas and
Jane (Small) Nicholson, was born near Kilkell,
Down County, Ireland, September 25, 1826, and is
of Irish parentage. He is a descendant of Donald
McNicol, who, in the reigns of Charles I. and
II., was chief of the clan in the Isle of Skye. His
son, Neil, with many members of the Nicholson
family, migrated to America at the end of the six-
teenth and beginning of the seventeenth century.
The spelling of the family name has undergone
many changes, which, with the family pedigree,
are carefully noted in " O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees."
Thomas Nicholson was a prosperous farmer in
Ireland, an officer in the Government militia, and a
man of standing and influence in his native town.
He, with his family, came to America in 1850, and
settled on a farm in Illinois, where he died in 1855.
His wife came of a family conspicuous for bravery
in the earlier patriotic wars of Ireland. Her father,
Robert Small, participated in the Irish Revolution
of 1798, and at its close was sentenced to be shot,
but was subsequently pardoned.

The birthplace of Joseph Nicholson is one of the
most picturesque localities in Ireland. His boyhood
days were passed amid rugged scenery and by a
seawashed coast, and these early surroundings
naturally inspired a love for life on the wave, and
doubtless had much to do with determining the
occupation of many of his manhood years. His
school privileges were limited, and at the age of
nineteen, reverses of fortune in his father's family
made it necessary for him to begin life's battles
for himself. The unsettled condition of affairs in
his native land offered but little inducement for
advancement, while the possibilities in the New
World, to his hopeful vision, had every attraction.
Accordingly, in 1845, he came to America, and
first landed in Quebec, Canada, and having gained
some knowledge of navigation at home, he natur-
ally sought and obtained employment on the lakes,
and for five years served as a sailor. He then, for
a few years, was wheelman on the steamer Detroit,
and other vessels of the Ward Line, plying between
Chicago and the then western terminus of the
Michigan Central Railroad. In 1855 he became
master of the passenger steamer Arctic, then sail-
ing on Lake Michigan, between Chicago and
northern ports. The following year he served as
master of the steamer Planet, at that time the
largest passenger steamer on the lakes, and plymg
between Cleveland and Lake Superior ports. For
the three years following 1857, he was master of a
steam propeller owned by the Ward Line, and in
1 86 1 again commanded the Planet. In 1862 he

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LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1223

was one of the builders and became part owner of
the steam tug John Prindeville, of which he was
master until 1865, when he withdrew from lake
navigation. As a result of his long period of con-
tinuous service upon the lakes, he became one of
the best-known vessel commanders, and was
regarded as a most efficient, thorough, and trust-
worthy sailor. This reputation was gained when
to be a master of a vessel meant vastly more than
at the present day. Then the authority of the com-
mander was unquestioned ; to him was entrusted
the charge of every detail, and all responsibility was
left to his good judgment. Under the watchful care
of Captain Nicholson, no accident to life or property
ever occurred. While first mate of the steamer
E. K. Collins, in 1854, a gold watch was presented
to him by the citizens of Chicago, for his heroic
efforts in rescuing the crew of the schooner Mer-
chant, w^hile in distress off the port of Chicago.

In 1866 the Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance
Company appointed him Marine Inspector, and he
held the position for over eleven years, to the entire
satisfaction of the company. Often called upon to
decide contested insurance cases, his decisions were
so manifestly fair that they were never questioned.

During late years. Captain Nicholson has become
best known to the citizens of Detroit and State of
Michigan as Superintendent of the Detroit House
of Correction, a position to which he was first
appointed in 1877, by Mayor Langdon, and has
since held under appointment by the Board of
Inspectors, in the management of this institution
he has gained a wide reputation as one of the ablest
prison superintendents in the country. Although
without previous experience in the line of duties
required of him, he soon mastered the requirements
of his position, and at the end of the first year's
service, the financial standing of the House of
Correction w^as changed from a non-supporting
institution to one affording an annual profit to the
city, a result attained without overtaxing the work-
ing capacity of the inmates or the practice of false
economy in management. During his occupancy
of the office, the changes made under his personal
direction, in the erection of new buildings, and
in improvement of former structures, have been
numerous. He has paid particular attention to the
sanitary condition of the buildings, and the Detroit
House of Correction is often cited among prison
managers as a model of perfection in this regard.

As a disciplinarian, he has developed rare ability
and tact. Although the institution contains an
average of nearly five hundred inmates, many of
them of the most vicious and depraved character,
there is no insubordination, and the best of disci-
pline is maintained without resort to punishments
which partake of cruelty. The employment of

the inmates, the disposal of manufactured products,
and the purchase of raw material, so as to secure
the best financial results, are duties Captain Nichol-
son has met and solved wdth excellent business
judgment, and it is evident that he discharges every
obligation of his public office with the same care
he would exercise in his own private business. He
has prepared and read several valuable papers
on subjects connected with prison management,
and his care and conscientiousness have resulted in
placing the Detroit House of Correction in the front
rank of reformatory institutions.

Captain Nicholson has always been a zealous and
active member of the Democratic party. From
1875 to 1878 he represented the Ninth Ward in
the School Board. In 1877 he was the Democratic
candidate for Sheriff, but was defeated by a com-
bination betw^een the Republican and Greenback
parties. Although the office he holds is a political
one, politics have been so divorced from its man-
agement that it may be said to be non-partisan.

Captain Nicholson was married* in Dublin, Ire-
land, in i860, to Henrietta Nicholson. She died
in 1865, leaving three children, of whom two are
now living. In 1868 he married Elizabeth A.
Gillman. They have had three children, none of
whom are living.

For the land of his birth Captain Nicholson
cherishes a most sincere affection, and is in hearty
sympathy with the efforts of the conservative lead-
ers of Ireland to mitigate the condition of the
people of that unhappy land. He takes great
interest in boating and yachting, and is a member
and director of the Michigan Yacht Club. He is
also a member of the Oriental Lodge of Masons, of
Peninsular Chapter, the Detroit Commandery of
Knights Templar, and of all Masonic bodies to the
thirty-third degree. He also belongs to the Grosse
Pointe Club, and is an honorary member of nearly
all the military organizations of Detroit.

Personally he is of a genial, pleasant disposition,
and is careful, considerate, and watchful in the
administration of the important trusts reposed in
his hands. While exacting in his demands upon
his subordinates, he is not overbearing or arrogant.
Long experience in the management of men, and
in later years of criminal classes, has only increased
his natural kindness of heart. His sympathies are
easily aroused, and many an unfortunate prisoner
has found in him a sincere and helpful friend. In
the institution over which he has so long presided,
the work of reformation has been a leading feature.
The best estimate of a man's powers and qualities
can be found in the work he has done, and in the
repute in which he is held by those who know him
best. Judged by these standards. Captain Nicholson
holds an honorable position, and is recognized

1224

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

as a most estimable and worthy citizen in the
community and State, and few men are more ^en-
erally known.

CHARLES NOBLE was born at Williamstown
July 4, 1797. He was the son of Deodatus and
Betsey (Bulkley) Noble, of Williamstown, Berkshire
County, Massachusetts, and grandson of David
Noble, who was a judge of the Court of Common
Pleas of that county, and one of the early promoters
of Williams College.

Charles Noble received his early education at
Williamstown, entered Williams College in 181 1,
and graduated in 181 5. He then studied law and
was admitted to practice at Pittsfield, but almost
immediately removed to the West, and in 1818
located at Monroe, Michigan, and entered zealously
upon the practice of his profession. At various
times he held the office of postmaster, was a mem-
ber of the Legislative Council of the Territory of
Michigan, a Justice of the Peace, Register of Pro-
bate, Secretary of the Board of Commissioners
which negotiated the Indian Treaty at St. Joseph's,
Attorney-General of the United States for Michi-
gan Territory, Presiding Judge of the County Court,
and also held other minor offices. From 185 1 to
1853 he was Surveyor-General of the United States
for the District, composed of Ohio, Indiana, and
Michigan, having been appointed to the office by
President Fillmore, and continuing in it during his
administration. He was a trustee of the Young
Ladies' Seminary, and also one of the School In-
spectors of Monroe. In the latter capacity he was
active in the building up of the very successful
Union School, on Washington Street. He was one
of the parties who purchased the old Erie & Kala-
mazoo Railroad from the State, and formed the
company known as the Michigan Southern Rail-
road, and served as its first president.

While in Monroe he attended and was a member
of the Presbyterian Church, and during many of
the latter years he spent there, was one of the
elders. Upon his removal to Detroit he was made
an elder of the First Presbyterian Church, and
held the office at the time of his death. He was
for many years President of the Monroe County
Bible Society, and after his removal to Detroit was
made President of the Wayne County Bible Society.

He removed to Detroit in 1867, and became a.
member of the firm of Geo. S. Frost & Company,
dealers in pine lands. The firm was composed of
himself, his son-in-law, Geo. S. Frost, and his son,
Charles W. Noble:

Mr. Noble was married at Detroit in 1823, to
Eliza Symmes Wing, daughter of Enoch Wing, and
sister of Austin E. Wing and Warner Wing, well-
known citizens of Michigan, and of Rev. Conway P.

Wing, D. D., of Pennsylvania, a highly esteemed
minister. With the exception of Rev. Mason Noble,
D. D., of Washington, D. C, all of Mr. Noble's
brothers followed him to Michigan, David A.,
Daniel, and William Addison Noble, all finding
homes in the State. His sister was the wife of
Dr. George Landon, of Monroe, and well known
and much respected.

Mr. Noble was a man of fine personal appear-
ance, courteous manners, and a great reader. He
was the friend of all institutions of learning and of
everything that tended in his opinion to advance
civilization or religion. He made strong friend-
ships, was benevolent and generous, fond of society,
and ready to do good to all as he had opportunity.
The citizens of Monroe, where he lived so long, were
all his friends, and though, owing to advancing age,
his life in Detroit was not so much in public as it
had been in Monroe, those who came within the
circle of his acquaintance universally recognized
his worth.

Mr. Noble was a Whig up to the time of the dis-
solution of that party. After that he had generally
a preference fur the Republican party, though
sometimes casting his vote with the Democracy.

He died on December 25, 1874. His wife sur-
vived him eleven years. They had seven children,
three of whom died in infancy. His daughter
Elizabeth married Rev. Hannibal L. Stanley, and
died in 1849. The children who survive Mr. Noble
are : Charles W. Noble of Detroit ; Ellen N.
Frost, wife of George S. Frost of .Detroit, and
Conway W. Noble of Cleveland, Ohio.

CHARLES WING NOBLE was born in Mon-
roe, Michigan, February 13, 1828, and is a son of
Charles and Eliza S. (Wing) Noble. His great-
grandfather, David Noble, was at the time of his
death. Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of
Berkshire County, Massachusetts. His grand-
father, Deodatus Noble, removed from Williams-
town to Monroe in 1832.

Charles Wing Noble was brought up at Monroe.
where he prepared for college, and in 1843 entered
the University of Michigan, and graduated in 1846.
After graduating he taught school for a short time,
served as clerk in the banking office of N. R. Has-
kell & Company, at Monroe, for a brief period, and
then began the study of the law in the office of
Noble & Grosvenor. In 1848 he went to Cleve-
land, and after studying law one year in the office
of Hitchcock. Wilson & Wade, he was, in 1849*
admitted to the bar, and immediately formed a law
partnership with Halbert E. Payne, subsequently a
general in the Union army, then a member of Con-
gress from Milwaukee, and now practising law at
Washington, D. C. The partnership continued

^a-L^^.^'t^ J^/^-T^-r ty^

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LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1225

about one year, when Mr. Noble became a member
of the law firm of Bishop, Backus & Noble. In
1855 Judge Bishop retired, and Judge Ranney be-
came a member of the firm, the style being Ranney,
Backus & Noble, and so continuing until 1864, when
Judge Ranney entered upon his duties as Judge of
the Supreme Court of Ohio. The firm was then
changed to Backus & Noble, and so remained until
1865, when Mr. Noble, having engaged in certain
oil ventures in Western Pennsylvania, dissolved his
connection with Mr. Backus, and formed a part-
nership for a short time with his brother, Conway
W. Noble, now Judge of the Common Pleas at
Cleveland. In 1865, in connection with Van Syckel
& Olhen, he originated the first successful oil pipe
line in the United States, extending from Pithole
to Miller's Farm, in Pennsylvania. It is now owned
by the Standard Oil Company.

In March, 1866, he went to Savannah, Georgia,
with the design of remaining for the benefit of his
wife's health, but after a few months he returned
north, went to New York, was admitted to the bar
in that city, and practised until 1867. He then
came to Detroit and formed a partnership with
George S. Frost and Charles Noble, for the pur-
pose of buying and selling pine lands on commis-
sion.

Mr. Noble has given his close attention to the
business since it was organized, and the firm has
been quite successful. He is clear-headed, with
more than ordinary capacity, exact, and methodical,
positive in his opinions, but withal socially very
courteous and agreeable. He has traveled quite
extensively in his own country, and in 1870, with
his wife, visited the Old World. He is a member
of the First Presbyterian Church, is liberal in hisi
benefactions to worthy objects, and as a business
man and citizen is held in high esteem.

He has been three times married. First to Julia
F. Mygatt, daughter of George Mygatt, of Cleve-
land, by whom he had one daughter, who died at
Mrs. Willard's school, at Troy, New York, in 1867.
Her mother died at Cleveland in 1852. His second
wife was Caroline G. Van Buren, daughter of E.
Van Buren, of Penn Yan, New York, afterwards
Recorder at Chicago. She died in 1867, and in
1870 he married Frances Martine, daughter of
Stephen A. Martine, of New York. They have
three daughters, Frances, Eliza Wing, and Sarah
Agnes. One son, Stephen Martine, died in 1883.

CHARLES L. ORTM ANN was born at Vienna,
Austria, September 12, 1830. His ancestors lived
in the mountain town of Friesach, in the Province
of Carinthia, and were prominent bee keepers.
His grandfather moved in the eighteenth century
to the town of Petersdorf, Austria, and in 183 1 his

father was engaged in manufacturing in a small
village near the city of Vienna. His mother died
when he was seven years old. He received his
early education in the village school, and when
twelve years old was apprenticed to the mercantile
business, with an uncle living in Vienna, and from
that time earned his own living.

After the great revolution of 1848, he engaged
as a provincial traveler in the produce and wood
business, until 1856, when he married his first wife,
Marie Elizabeth Bock, whose parents died a short
time previously. In i860 he engaged with other
parties in manufacturing, but in 1862 sold out and
went back into mercantile business. The same
year he visited England, and the magnitude and
manner of business and life in England impressed
him so favorably that he concluded to emigrate.
In 1864 he again visited England, and formed the
acquaintance of a Mr. Shoemaker, of Baltimore,
Maryland, who was then on his way to Germany,
to visit his aged mother. Mr. Shoemaker urged
him to emigrate to America, and in the summer of
that year Mr. Ortmann came to Detroit, and after
an extensive trip through the Western States, and
Canadian pineries of Georgian Bay, settled at East
Saginaw, Michigan, and engaged in the logging
and lumbering business. In 1866 he became a
citizen of the United States. He joined the Ger-
mania Society, and was elected Vice-President.
He also became and still remains a member of the
Workingmen's Aid Society. In the spring of 1871
he was elected the delegate of the German Ameri-
can citizens of the Saginaw Valley to a great
convention, held at Chicago, Illinois, for the purpose
of collecting funds in aid of the widows and orphans
of the fallen heroes of the Franco-German War,
and as a result of the convention, over a million
dollars was collected and forwarded from America
for their benefit.

He helped in organizing the East Saginaw Sav-
ings Bank, of which institution Dr. Henry C. Potter
was elected President, and Mr. Ortmann Vice-
President, the latter holding the position until he
removed to Detroit. In 1872 he became a Chapter
Mason, and during the year was elected Mayor of
East Saginaw, on the Republican ticket, and the
same year the Republican State Convention chose
him as Presidential elector of the Eighth District of
Michigan, and at the National election he ran six
thousand votes ahead of his party on the State
ticket.

In 1877 he lost his eldest son, Charles, and on
account of the shattered health of his wife, he
removed to Detroit. In 1879. on account of poor
health, he retired from business, but after a year's
rest again engaged in active life.

In November, 1882, his wife died, leaving him

1226

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

with a family of two sons and two daughters. In
the spring of 1884 he married Marie A. Sohns, of
Saginaw City, eldest daughter of Count Emick
Sohns, Wieldenfels. They have one son.

In the spring of 1887 he was elected a director
in the International Sulphite Fibre and Paper Com-
pany, of Detroit, Michigan. It has a capital of
one million dollars, and owns and controls the
exclusive right to manufacture bi-sulphite fibre
(cellulose wood fibre), under the patents of Prof.
A, Mitscherlich, of Freiburg, Germany, for the
United States and Canada. At the same time he,
with some of his friends, organized the Detroit
Sulphite Fibre Company, under the above mentioned
patents, and is president of the company, which
has erected a large establishment at Delray, on the
River Rouge, five miles south of Detroit.

Mr. Ortmann is kind-hearted, and often favors
others to his own detriment. He is an honest,
upright, and shrewd business man, and in pros-
perity or adversity, is always a pleasant and agree-
able acquaintance and friend.

SAMUEL PITTS was born April 17, 1810, at
Fort Preble, Portland Harbor, Maine. The family
descent in America is from John Pitts, who was
born in Lyme Regis, England, in 1668, came to
Boston in 1694, and became a prominent merchant
in that city. He married Elizabeth Lindall, of Dux-
bury. James Pitts, the second son of John Pitts,
was born in Boston in 17 12, graduated at Harvard
College in 1731, and in 1732 married Elizabeth
Bowdoin, daughter of the Councilor James Bow-
doin, and was himself a member of the King's
Council from 1766 to 1775. He and his wife and
their six sons took leading parts in the Revolution.
Their house was a rendezvous for the Adamses
and other patriots. His eldest son, John, born at
Boston in 1738, was a selectman of Boston from
1773 to 1778, Representative from Boston in the
second, third, and fourth Provincial Congresses,
and Speaker of the House in 1778. Another son,
Lendall Pitts, who was born in Boston in 1747, and
died 1787, was the principal leader of the Boston
Tea Party, December 16, 1773. Samuel Pitts,
another son of James, who was born in Boston
in 1745, and died 1805, was an extensive merchant
and ship-owner in the West India trade. He mar-
ried Joanna Davis in 1776, and with his father and
brother acquired fame as a patriot in the Revolu-
tion. He was an officer in the Hancock Cadets.
In 1774 he was one of the committee to carry into
execution the resolutions of the Continental Con-
gress. Thomas Pitts, son of Samuel and Joanna
(Davis) Pitts, and father of Samuel Pitts, of Detroit,
• was born in Boston in 1779, and died at Cambridge
in 1836. He commenced his life as a merchant in

Augusta, Maine, but entered the army, was com-
missioned by President Jefferson as an officer in
the United States Light Artillery in 1808, and by
President Madison in 1809, serving with gallantry
during the War of 181 2. He spent the last years
of his life at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was In-
spector of the Boston Custom House. In 18 10, at
the time of the birth of his son, Samuel, he was in
command at Fort Preble, Portland Harbor, Maine.

His son, Samuel Pitts, was fitted for college in
the Boys' Preparatory School at Cambridge, taught
by Martin Valentine, and graduated at Harvard
University in 1830, being a classmate and friend of
Charles Sumner, Thos. C. Amory, John B. Ken, E.
R. Potter, Franklin Sawyer, George W. Warren, and
Samuel T. Worcester. Among other college mates
was his kinsman, Robert C. Winthrop ; also George
S. Hillard, C. C. Emerson, George T. Bigelow,
James Freeman Clark, Oliver Wendell Holmes, J.
Lothrop Motley, George T. Curtis, and George E.
Ellis. Mr. Pitts studied law at Harvard and heard
lectures from the celebrated Justice Story. He
came to Detroit in 1831, entered the law office of
General Charles Earned, and upon the. death of the
latter, became executor of his estate and succeeded
to his law business. He devoted himself to his pro-
fession, being at various times in partnership with
Franklin Sawyer, John G. Atterbury, and Jacob M.
Howard. Loss of health compelled him to aban-
don the legal profession, and he engaged in the
manufacture of lumber and in the purchase of pine
lands in the Saginaw Valley, erected mills at De-
troit, and later at Bay City, and in i860 connected,
with his lumber business at Bay City the manufac-
ture of salt. In these enterprises he accumulated
a large fortune. Charles D. Farlin was for a time
a partner with him in the lumber business. In
1 867 he formed a partnership with his son, Thomas
Pitts, and his son-in-law, Thomas Cranage, Jr.,
which lasted until his death.

Mr. Pitts was originally a staunch Whig, but
became a Republican upon the organization of that
party, and steadfastly adhered to its principles. He
was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, a
liberal contributor to it and its various societies,
and to the poor and needy of all races and colors.
He was thoroughly educated, of fine personal ap-
pearance, with a musical voice, and always spoke
and wrote with great elegance and precision. He
conversed easily in French or German, was an ex-
cellent Latin scholar, and noted for his good stories
and apt illustrations.

He died on April 26, 1868. Among the eulogis-
tic ^notices that appeared after his death was one
by Rev. Dr. George Duffield, published in the
New York Independent on May 14, 1868, and one
by Judge Daniel Goodwin, published in the Detroit

/

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LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1227

Free Press, which are ^^^rthy of notice. Dr. Duf-
field said : " He was an enlightened, consistent,
faithful follower of Christ, a useful, public-spirited,
and benevolent dispenser of his means for the bene-
fit of the suffering poor and the cause of evangeli-
cal piety. He loved to minister to the wants of the
needy, who came in his way, but, averse to any-
thing like display or show of charity, he let not
his left hand know what his right hand did. Promi-
nent among those who bore his remains to their
last resting place were members and contempora-
ries of the bar, with which profession his tastes,
liberal culture, and social intercourse kept him
identified to the time of his death." Judge Good-
win said of him : *' He possessed an intelligent
mind, and was a good scholar. He was a man of
high integrity and of exemplary character, was lib-
eral in support of objects of public utility, and kind
and generous to the poor, many of whom will, with
grateful recollections, shed tears over his memory."
Mr. Pitts was married June 24, 1836, at New
York City, to Sarah Merrill, daughter of Joshua
Merrill (a son of General James Merrill, of Port-
land) and of Elizabeth Bradford, daughter of
Peter Bradford, son of GamaUel Bradford, of the
King's Council, whose father, Samuel Bradford,
was the son of Major Wm. Bradford, and the
grandson of Governor Wm. Bradford, of the May-
flower. The following children of Samuel and
Sarah (Merrill) Pitts are still living : Thomas Pitts,
residing in Detroit ; Julia Larned Pitts, wife of
Thomas Cranage, of Bay City ; Frances Pitts, wife
of Henry M. Dufheld ; Caroline Pitts, twin sister of
Frances, wife of Judge Henry B. Browm and
Isabella Duffield Pitts, wife of Daniel Goodwin, of
Chicago.

JOHN EDWIN POTTS was born in Vittoria,
Ontario, October 9, 1838, and is the son of Edwin S
and Martha (Bell) Potts. His father was born in
Vittoria, Ontario, in 181 1, and his mother in To-
ronto, Ontario, in 1807. He attended school near
Guelph, and at the age of fifteen entered the gen-
eral store of William Wilson, in his native town.
Four years later, in 1857, in company with William
Dawson, he established a general store at Port
Rowan. They managed it with good success until
1865 ; Mr. Potts then sold his interest in the store, »
and moved to Simcoe, where he embarked in the
lumber trade, a business he has followed ever since.

Finding Michigan better territory to operate in, he
left Simcoe in 1876, and moved to Au Sable, in this
State, where he remained until 1881, when became
to Detroit. Being possessed of unusual push and
enterprise, his business has gradually grown until it
has become among the largest in the State. In 1 884
Mr. Tisdale became a partner, and sitlce then the

business has been conducted under the name of the
J. E. Potts Salt and Lumber Company. The largest
saw-mill in the w^orld is owned by this company,
and is located at Au Sable, and they have also a
large mill at De Pere, in Wisconsin. In connection
with the mill at Au Sable, they have built and
own some fifty miles of railway, and they employ
about seven hundred men during the skidding sea-
son. In order to ship their lumber, they own and
operate tw^o barges, the Silana and the Cickands,
and they are also forced to charter other vessels
during most of the season.

Mr. Potts has been so engrossed in business that
he has had very little time for politics, and has made
but few acquaintances outside of this business, but
those he has made are warm and appreciative.

He married Margaret Wilson on September ir,
1 86 1. She was born at Simcoe, Ontario, Novem-
ber 6, 1842, and is the daughter of William and
Maria (Loder) Wilson. Her father was born in
Magria, Ontario, in 1792, and her mother at
Ancaster, Ontario, in 1800. Mr. and Mrs. Potts
have had six children, four of whom, Charles E.,
Marian B., Florence L., and Effa L., are living and
at home.

HENRY PERRY PULLING was born at
Amsterdam, New York, on November 3, 18 14.
His father, Abraham Pulling, was born in 1789;
married Deborah Betts, a daughter of Isaiah and
Hannah Betts, on February 3, 1814. He was a
physician, and settled in Amsterdam, New York,
about 1 812, where he practised his profession about
half a century, dying there in 1865, aged seventy-
six years. The maternal grandfather of Henry P.
Pulling, Isaiah Betts, was born in Connecticut in
1758, and was a Colonial Lieutenant in the War of
the Revolution. He married Hannah Fitch, a
granddaughter of Governor Fitch, of Connecticut,
and after the Revolution settled in Galway, Sara-
toga County, New York, where he died on June
30, 1844. His wife, Hannah (Fitch) Betts, w^as
born on May 15, 1760, and died on September
30, 1848.

Henry P. Pulling is one of eight children, of
whom he and tw^o sisters are the only survivors.
His sisters are Melissa, wife of James Stewart, and
Sarah Pulling, both of Amsterdam, New York.
His eldest sister, Maria, w^as the wiie of John
Tweddle, of Albany, New York, an old and well
known citizen, who built and owned "Tweddle
Hall." Mr. PuUing's boyhood was spent in Amster-
dam, where he attended the village schools. When
quite young he was sent to Johnstown Academy.
After spending two years there, he entered the
academy at Fairfield, New York, and finished the
prescribed course preparatory to entering Union

1228

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

College. On returning home, however, his father
persuaded him to study medicine, and accordingly
he took a course of medical lectures at Fairfield,
then the Western Department of the New York
College of Physicians and Surgeons. After the
close of the term, he attended a course of surgical
lectures in the private school of Dr. Alden March,
at Albany, New York, and in 1837, at the spring
term of the Vermont Medical College, under Dr.
March, who had long filled the chair of Surgical
Lecturer in that institution, he received the degree
of M. D.

Immediately after graduating he set out for Chi-
cago, intending to make that his home. After
practising there nearly a year he returned East, and
on August 7. 1838, was married to Miss Joanna J.
Bridgman, only daughter of Dr. William Bridgman,
of Springfield, Massachusetts. After his marriage,
Mr. Pulling, with his wife, started for Chicago, but
on reaching his old home at Amsterdam, he found
an unusual amount of sickness prevailing, on ac-
count of the extensive working of the stone quarries
for the locks on the Erie Canal, and the overtasked
physicians urged him to stay and assist in taking
care of the patients. He concluded to do so, and
this circumstance so changed his purpose with
reference to going West, that he soon after settled
in Albany and engaged in the drug trade, and by
strict attention to business, was on the way to
prosperity. He had, however, hardly got started in
business before the great fire of August 17, 1848,
destroyed his whole stock, and with it nearly a
quarter of the city. He was too energetic to be
discouraged by this event, and within a week had
bargained with George Russell, of State Street, for
his stock of drugs, leased his store, and again estab-
lished himself in trade. The next year he pur-
chased the property, and afterwards remodeled it,
until it was the most showy building on the street.

About 1856 he sold his stock to J. H. and A. Mc-
Clure, and soon after became a partner in a syndi-
cate formed to purchase a controlling interest in
the Peninsular Bank of Detroit, which at one time
was the most popular banking institution in Michi-
gan. The panic of 1857, which was so disastrous
to banks generally, severely crippled its resources.
The directors then sought to obtain increased capi-
tal from eastern stockholders ; the charter was
amended, and prospects favored their anticipations,
but the panic of 1860-61 soon came, and their
hopes were blasted. -The stockholders became
discouraged and it was decided to close the bank.
The responsibility of closing its affairs devolved
upon Mr. Pulling, and all claims against it were
paid in full, and the stockholders received twenty
per cent, as a final dividend.

After closing up the business of the bank, Mr. Pull-

ing engaged in real estatet business and building,
but has spent his time largely in improving and
working his large farm in Oakland County. He is
a man of versatile talents, extensive information,
and of upright and honorable character. In his
business, domestic, and social relations, he is held
in high esteem by all who know him. He is inter-
ested in the Spur Iron Mining Company, of Lake
Superior, and has been its president since the
organization in 1881.

He has three daughters, viz. : Ada M., wife of
Joseph Lathrop, M. D. of Detroit ; Emily B., widow
of the late Thomas Spencer Lloyd, a well-known
musical composer and teacher of Albany, New
York ; and Marilla B., wife of Daniel Carmichael, a
prominent manufacturer at Amsterdam, New York.

DAVID RIPLEY SHAW was born in Lisle,
Broome County, New York, July i, 1822. He is of
New England descent, being a son of Truman
and Nancy (Fay) Shaw, of Rutland, Vermont. In
1836 his parents moved to Almont, Lapeer County,
Michigan, and about this time David made up his
mind that he would Hke to go to college, but as
his parents were unable to spare money for the
purpose, he determined to earn the money him-
self, and entered the general store of John W.
Dyar, at Almont, and subsequently taught in sev-
eral schools.

When he was twenty years old, there seemed a
specially favorable opening for a commercial life,
and, although prepared to enter college the follow-
ing spring, he gave up the idea, entered the general
store of his uncle, C. A. Shaw, and after four
years became a partner with him, under the firm
name of C. A. & D. R. Shaw. In January, 1857,
he sold out his interest in the store, and with
Samuel Rogers and J. N. Jenness, entered the
lumbering business, in which, owing to his ener-
getic endeavors, he met with good success, continu-
ing therein for sixteen years.

In 1874 he came to Detroit, and has since been
engaged in buying and selling lands, and in min-
ing interests.

Mr. Shaw is a member of the First Congrega-
tional Church, is retiring and conservative, has
never been an aspirant for any kind of office, but
has had various minor offices thrust upon him.
*He is at present director of the First National
Bank of Pontiac, a position he has held for the
past twelve years, and is also a director in the
Muskegon National Bank.

He was married to Harriet Dewey, of Almont,
in November, 1849. They have had five children.
Their names are: Mrs. R. H. Holmes, James T.,
and Bessie H. Shaw, all of whom are living in
Detroit; another daughter, Mrs. George F. Com-

/ ,■'

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1229

stock, Jr., resides in Syracuse, New York, while a
fourth daughter, Mrs. Lester McLean, lives in
Elyria, Ohio.

ELLIOTT TRUAX SLOCUM was born at
Trenton, Wayne County, Michigan, May 15, 1839,
and is the only son of Giles B. and Sophia M. B.
(Truax) Slocum. His mother was a native of
Wayne County, and a daughter of Colonel Abraham
C. Traux, who came to Michigan in 1800, and was
a volunteer in the United States army at the time
of Hull's surrender, and a prominent merchant of
Detroit as early as 1808. Mr. Slocum passed his
boyhood in the vicinity of Trenton, and was pre-
pared for college by Rev. Moses Hunter, at his
Episcopal school for boys, on Grosse Isle, finishing
his preparatory course in 1857. He afterwards
attended Union College, at Schenectady. New
York, and graduated Bachelor of Arts in the class
of 1862. His diploma was one of the last signed
by Dr. Eliphalet Nott, for so many years the widely
known President of that institution. Mr. Slocum
also took a course in the University of Michigan,
and received from that institution his second degree.
Master of Arts, in 1869.

From 1862 to 1872 he was extensively engaged
in farming and stock raising on lands along the
Detroit River, and, in connection with his father,
carried on one of the largest stock and grain
farms in Michigan. He subsequently enlarged his
business interests by the purchase of extensive
tracts of land in various parts of Michigan and
Wisconsin, which, through the development of cer-
tain railroads, have become valuable investments.
He is also interested in business enterprises at
Muskegon, Whitehall, Slocum's Grove, and other
parts of Western Michigan. He was one of the
first directors of the Chicago & Canada Southern
Railroad, one of the founders, directors, and Vice-
President of the First National Bank of Whitehall,
and at present is one of the directors of the Detroit
National Bank. He is also a Trustee of the Sara-
toga Monument Association of New York, and,
with Senator Warner Miller, George William
Curtis, S. S. Cox, and others, took an active interest
in the erection of one of the finest monuments in
America, on the field of Burgoyne's surrender, at
Schuylerville, New York, near the old homestead
of his father's family. He is one of the Com-
missioners and has been President of the Belle Isle
Park Commission, is now serving his second term,
and takes much interest in the development of this
promising pleasure-ground of Detroit. He has trav-
eled extensively in Europe, and is a member of the
Detroit and Grosse Pointe Clubs.

Politically he has been an earnest and active
Republican, and represented the Third Senatorial

District in the State Legislature for the term com-
mencing in 1 869, and at that time was the youngest
member in the Senate. His course as a legislator
was marked by diligence and a conscientious dis-
charge of his duties, which earned the good opinion
of his constituents, and secured for him the warm
friendship of Senator Jacob M. Howard and the
late Governor John J. Bagley. The benefit of his
personal labors has always been freely given to
furthering the success of his party. He is a mem-
ber of the Michigan Club.

He was married July 30, 1872, to Charlotte
Gross, daughter of the late Ransom E. Wood,
an old resident and wealthy capitalist of Grand
Rapids. In the management of numerous business
interests left by his father, and in the creation and
development of new projects, Mr. Slocum has
displayed good judgment, and has been uniformly
successful. He is cautious and shrewd, while the
honesty and integrity of his public and private
life have made him a popular and respected citizen.

GILES BRYAN SLOCUM, one of the pioneers
of Wayne County, and for more than half a cen-
tury an honored and influential resident of Trenton,
was born at Saratoga Springs, New York, July 11,
1808. He was of a Quaker family, and descended
from Giles Slocum, a native of Somersetshire,
England, who resided in the township of Ports-
mouth, Newport County, Rhode Island, in 1638.
Jonathan Slocum, his great-grandfather, one of the
first of the family in America, was killed in the
Indian wars, on the site of the present city of
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. His son Giles, the
grandfather of Giles B. Slocum, was born in Rhode
Island, but about 1774 moved with his parents to
Wilkes-Barre. He was among the sufferers by the
Wyoming massacre, and was one of the sixty who
escaped. His sister Frances, then five years of
age, was carried off by the Indians, and after a
captivity of sixty j^ears was found near Logansport,
Indiana, in 1837, by Colonel Ewing. A very inter-
esting account of this circumstance has been written
by Benson J. Lossing. Giles Slocum was a volun-
teer in Sullivan's expedition against the Indians in
the Genesee Valley. Soon after the close of the
War of the Revolution, he moved from Pennsylvania
to Saratoga Springs, settling on a farm about four
miles from the site of the present village of Sara-
toga. He purchased his farm of General Schuyler,
of Revolutionary fame, and the w^armest friendship
and esteem existed between them. His son,
Jeremiah Slocum, married Elizabeth Bryan, who
was of a Connecticut family. They were the parents
of Giles B. Slocum, and nature and ancestry com-
bined to give him a good mental and physical
equipment for the work he was destined to do.

I230

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

His boyhood days were passed on a farm, about
two miles from the scene of Burgoyne's surrender.
He received the educational advantages which the
common schools afforded, and during his early
manhood taught school four winters in the neigh-
borhood of his home, and at Lockport, New York.
The summer of 1830 he spent in farming, in
Northern New York, on the Au Sable River. He
first came to Michigan in 1831, landed at Detroit,
and after prospecting extensively in the interior,
and through the woods above Black River, he
settled for the winter, and assisted in laying out
the town of Vistula, now Toledo, Ohio, where he
opened the first store, and engaged in getting out
timber for the first wharf at that place. On the
death of his father in 1832, he returned East, and
purchased the interest in his father's estate, owned
by the remaining heirs. He returned to Michigan
early in the winter of 1833, and spent the re-
mainder of it in the stave business at the head of
Swan Creek Bay, now Newport, Monroe County,
where he established a store and engaged in gen-
eral trade. In the spring of 1834, among many
other pioneer experiences, he paddled a canoe from
the city of Jackson down the Grand River to
Grand Rapids.

In the summer of 1834 he established the first
store and dock at Truaxton, now Trenton, and
continued in the mercantile business, with slight
intermission, for many years. In 1837 he sold the
family homestead at Saratoga, and from that date
began his career as a real estate operator in
Michigan. He was married in 1838, to Sophia
Brigham Truax, daughter of Colonel Abraham C.
Truax, founder of the village of Trenton. Among
his early land purchases was a frontage of about
three miles on the Detroit River, in the vicinity of
Trenton, and for fifteen or twenty years following
1837 he turned his attention, among other interests,
to farming and sheep raising, and during that
period was one of the largest wool growers in
Michigan. Each year he increased his landed
interests, and at the time of his death he had cleared
and brought under cultivation about two thousand
acres of land in the vicinity of Trenton. The
timber from these lands was largely consigned to
New York as staves, or used in shipbuilding at
Trenton. For several years he was also engaged
in building docks at Detroit, Windsor, Springwells,
Trenton, Sandwich, Gibraltar, and Grosse Isle. In
1859, with Charles Mears of Chicago, having pre-
viously purchased large tracts of land on White
River and White Lake, they laid out the village of
Whitehall, in Muskegon County. Through a con-
tract made July 7, 1848, with the County of Wayne,
for building two bridges over the River Rouge, he
became possessed of several large tracts of land

donated by the State to aid in building such bridges.
The lands were located in the eastern part of Mus-
kegon County, and by subsequent purchases were
increased, so that they included five thousand acres.
This property became exceedingly valuable by
the extension of railroad facilities. On it, at a
place now known as Slocum's Grove, he built mills,
where, in connection with his son, he conducted a
lumbering and farming business for many years.
In 1856 he took an active interest in the construc-
tion of the Detroit, Monroe & Toledo Railroad,
donating the right of way through his own property
and purchasing land from others for that purpose.
On the completion of the Toledo, Canada Southern
& Detroit, and Chicago & Canada Southern Rail-
roads, the junction of the two roads occurred on
Mr. Slocum's property, near Trenton.

He took a warm interest in the politics of the
country, and was a member of the first Republican
Convention, held in 1854, at Jackson, and was ever
after an influential supporter of the party, and
especially active in several memorable senatorial
contests. During the war with the South, he was
earnest and efficient in support of the Government,
and aided much in raising men and money, and
equipping soldiers for the field. For several years
preceding his death he was a Trustee of the Sara-
toga Monument Association, of which the late
ex-Governor Seymour was President.

Notwithstanding the many commercial changes
and business revulsions of his time, Mr. Slocum
always met his obligations, and the fortune he
accumulated was the result of the numerous enter-
prises which he conducted with care and clear
business judgment. His honesty was never ques-
tioned, and he possessed the unbounded faith and
confidence of those with whom he did business.
None of the early pioneers of this section were
more widely known throughout the State, nor more
sincerely respected and esteemed. He had a kind
heart, and helped many men to obtain homes,
farms, and fortunes.

He died at Slocum's Island, January 26, 1884.
He had three children, two of whom, Elliott Truax
Slocum and Mrs. Elizabeth T. Nichols, are living.

JOHN DANA STANDISH was a lineal descend-
ant of Captain Miles Standish, the most striking
figure of that age of the Pilgrims which Ruf us Choate
so fitly described in one of the most memorable of
his orations as The American Heroic Period. Of
the six children of the sturdy Puritan soldier,
Josiah, the third son, after passing the greater part
of an active and influential life in Eastern Massa-
chusetts, finally removed with his family to Preston,
Connecticut. His son Samuel and his grandson
Samuel remained in that State, but his great-

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MAxNUFACTURERS, ETC.

I231

grandson, also Samuel, removed to Stockbridge,
Massachusetts. He served in the Patriot Army of
the Revolution, sharing in considerable border fight-
ing, and being once captured by the British, and
while a prisoner witnessing the murder of Jane
McCrea by the Indians. After peace was estab-
lished, he removed to Vermont, and subsequently
to North Granville, New York. There was born
his only child, the fourth Samuel, who became
a leading resident of Northern New York, hold-
ing, during his long life, many positions of local
prominence, including the office of Surrogate of
Washington County. The youngest of his children,
the seventh in direct descent from Captain Miles
Standish, was John Dana Standish. He was born
at North Granville, on October i, 181 7, inheriting
from his ancestry a vigorous constitution, physical
energy, and the sturdy attributes of the typical New
England character. He enjoyed the advantages of
wise home training, and of thorough study within
the limits of an academic course at one of the best
institutions of that day, presided over, at Granville,
by Dr. Salem Town. The current of emigration
to the West, which was so powerfully stimulated by
the completion of the Erie Canal, almost drained
Northern New York of its young men half a century
ago, and in 1837 Mr. Standish, not yet of age,
arrived at Detroit, in search of a new home and of
the opportunities offered in a growing State. Here
he fortunately made the acquaintance of S. V. R.
Trowbridge, a splendid representative of the pioneer
settlers of Michigan, and by his advice established
a select school at Birmingham, in Oakland County.
In this calling he spent three years of his early
manhood, and among his pupils were not a few
lads who have since risen to positions of influence.
This experience he often recalled with much
pleasure.

In 1 841 Mr. Standish began his business career
as a merchant at Pontiac, and at this time married
Emma L. Darrow, of Lyme, Connecticut. His
domestic life was an unusually happy one, his wife
proving indeed a ** help-meet," and their four chil-
dren growing to manhood and womanhood by their
side, forming a family circle which death did not
break until, in 1884, both parents were buried after
forty-three years of wedlock.

The rewards of fifteen years of unremitting
industry, at Pontiac, Ionia, and Romeo, were
"meagre, and finally, in 1856, a fire swept away all
^ Mr. Standish's savings, and left him in debt.
He was, by this blow, compelled to compromise
^ith his creditors, but w^hen prosperity came to
mm, every dollar of his obligations was paid in full.
After the fire he removed to Detroit, and at first
obtained employment as a clerk. An opportunity

soon offering, he entered the commission business,
and this venture proved exceedingly successful.
He then rapidly extended his operations in a variety
of directions, and with uniform good fortune. He
dealt largely in pork, provisions, and wool, be-
came interested in the manufacture of paints and
of lumber, invested liberally in pine lands and in
city real estate, and held stock in many Detroit
corporations. He laid out and founded the village of
Standish, in Arenac County, and built and operated
the first saw-mill in Otsego County. At differ-
ent times he held the management of the Detroit
office of the Tappan & McKillop commercial agency,
and acted as agent for Michigan of the Northwest-
ern Mutual Life Insurance Company. At the time
of his death he was President of the Market Bank
and a director of the Detroit Eire and Marine
Insurance Company. In 1872 he commenced
gradually to curtail his business, and during the
last few years of his life gave his attention to the
management of his property and to his public
duties.

While not an active partisan, Mr. Standish,
although originally a Democrat, was radically anti-
slavery in his opinions, and during the political
upheaval attending the Kansas-Nebraska struggle
became a Republican. In 1869 be received that
party's nomination for Mayor of Detroit, and,
although defeated, ran largely ahead of his ticket.
He was subsequently chosen a member of the
Board of Estimates, and in 1880 was appointed to
the responsible office of City Assessor. Three
years later he was made a member of the new
Board of Assessors, for the long term, and was the
first President of that body.

Mr. Standish was from his youth a member of
the Baptist Church, and was always one of the
active laymen of his denomination in this State.

He was a consistent member and a deacon of
the Romeo Church, and of the Lafayette (now
Woodward) Avenue Baptist Church, of Detroit. In
the last Society he was President of the Board of
Deacons, and he was also President of the Baptist
Social Union of Detroit. His loyalty to his church
was free from sectarianism, and he was liberal with-
out as well as within the channels of its action.

Mrs. Standish died in July, 1884, after a prolonged
illness, and four months later, apparently in the full
vigor of health, and in the midst of an active life,
Mr. Standish was seized with some obscure disease
of the heart, and expired instantly. He left four
children: Mary, wife of William C. Colburn, Eva,
wafe of Charles K. Backus, James D. Standish, and
Fred. D. Standish. His death ended an industri-
ous, honorable, and prosperous life, crowned with
an enviable memory.

1232

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

ISAAC NEWTON SWAIN, one of the earliest
pioneers in the western part of the lower peninsu-
la of Michigan, was born in Jefferson County,
New York, near Sackett's Harbor, November 20,
1807, and was the son of Richard Swain. He was
of English descent, and his ancestors were among
the earliest Quaker settlers in this country. They
came from Plymouth, in Devonshire, England, and
first settled in Salem; but in 1790, on account of
the persecution growing out of the Salem witch-
craft, they removed to Nantucket, Massachusetts,
where many of their descendants still reside.
Richard Swain was born in 1773. In early life he
engaged in mercantile and real estate business, and
in 1796 purchased a valuable tract of land on the
east shore of Lake Cayuga, in the town of Scipio,
Cayuga County, New York. After several years'
residence he found the title defective, and removed
to Jefferson County, New York. When twenty-
three years old he married Martha Seaman. The
founder of her family in America was Thomas
Seaman, who came from Rehoboth, England, in
1696, and settled in Massachusetts, twelve miles
east of Providence, on a tract which he named
Rehoboth. There one of his grandsons preached
until he was one hundred and four years old.
Three others also attained a great age. Mrs. Swain
was a woman of rare intelligence, a diligent student
of the Scriptures, and did much to inculcate the
sound principles which ever animated the actions of
her son. In 18 16 the family removed from Sack-
ett's Harbor, and settled in a dense wilderness on
the Holland Purchase, since known as Royalton, in
Niagara County, New York. Here, with his par-
ents, Isaac N. Swain passed through all the priva-
tions and hardships of early pioneer life in Western
New York. His early education was obtained in
the log school-house, and he was specially aided by
the encouragement and assistance of his mother.

In the fall of 1821, although only fourteen years
old, he assisted in the construction of the Erie
Canal, and continued in the work until cold weather
prevented further labors. At the age of sixteen he
received a teacher's certificate, and for the next,
four years taught during the winter months. He
devoted the proceeds obtained by teaching to de-
fraying his school expenses at the Middlebury
Academy, located about forty miles from his home,
walking to and from the academy when he could
be spared from work on the farm. In order to
obtain money for a collegiate education, he went
South, and taught school until his health failed.
Returning North, he made a tour of three months
through Michigan, and purchased eighty acres of
land near the present site of Jackson. In 1830 he
married Vallonia, daughter of William Smith, of
Royalton, and removed with his wife to Michigan.

The next year he purchased some government land
in what is now Spring Arbor, Jackson County. Here
he built a house and settled down. At this time
he was the only white settler within a radius of
many miles from his residence. Indians were
numerous and troublesome, and personal encoun-
ters with wild beasts, especially wolves, were fre-
quent. He resided at Spring Arbor, enduring all
the hardships of frontier life, until 1834, when he
removed within four miles of the village of Con-
cord, where he continued his farming, and at the
same time did much in the way of surveying and
engineering. With the means thus acquired, he
embarked in the lumber business, and for a time
also conducted a saw-mill and engaged in mercan-
tile pursuits. After trying in vain to secure a canal
or a railroad in the vicinity of Concord* he removed
into the then dense forest in the Paw Paw valley,
and began clearing a farm near the present site of
Watervliet, Berrien County, supposing he had set-
tled on what would be the route of the proposed
Michigan Central road. In this he was disap-
pointed, but he continued to prosecute his business
enterprises with energy and success.

The years from 1855 to 1858 were spent in trav-
eling, in the hope of restoring his wife's health, but
it proved unavailing, and during the latter year she
died. At this time, by his labors in farming, sur-
veying, merchandising, and lumbering, he had not
only accumulated a large fortune, but had performed
an important part in developing the resources of the
State. After his wife's death, he purchased twelve
acres of land on the western bank of the Detroit
River, fronting on Fort Street. Here in 1862-3 he
erected a large and beautiful residence, where he
resided until his death.

He was a man of extensive reading, a great lover
of books, and possessed of rare literary attain-
ments. He collected a fine library, and found his
greatest comforts during the latter years of his life
in study and investigation, time for which, during
the earlier period of his life, was denied him. He
was simple in manner, kindly in disposition, firm
in his friendships, took great delight in social
intercourse, and was notably benevolent and char-
itable.

In early life he was a Democrat, but from 1864
voted with the Republican party. He was how-
ever, without political aspirations, and never held
a public office. During the Civil War he gave his
hearty support to a vigorous prosecution of the
Union cause. He always sympathized with the
temperance movement, and was an earnest advo-
cate of total abstinence from alcoholic liquors,
occasionally delivering public addresses upon the
subject. His personal appearance was such that
he would command attention anywhere. He was

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LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1233

over six feet in height, with large physical frame,
and an ideal specimen of the sturdy pioneer.

He married his second wife, Eleanor J. Champion,
of Ypsilanti, September i , 1 859. He died at Detroit,
April 30, 1880.

ANSON WARING is of English descent and
of Quaker ancestry. His grandfather, Anson War-
ing, married Margaret Adams, of Massachusetts,
and settled in Saratoga County, New York, about
the year 1800. One of his children, Joseph Adams
Waring, married Susan Tompkins Jeffers. Their
son, Anson Waring, was born in Farmington,
Ontario County, New York, January 16, 1832. In
1835 the family removed to the adjoining County of
Wayne, where, at the age of eighteen, with a good
English education, acquired at Lyons Academy,
Anson Waring commenced his business career as
a clerk in a dry goods store.

In 1856 he came to Michigan, remaining until
1863, when he went to Fort Wayne, Indiana, and
engaged in the wholesale iron and hardware trade,
continuing in that line for a number of years.
In the meantime, he assisted in organizing the
National Pin Company of Detroit, of which he
was chosen Secretary, and in 1875 came to Detroit,
to look after the interests of the company. He
was subsequently instrumental in organizing the
Imperial Life Insurance Company of Detroit, and
has been the Secretary of the company since its
organization.

He is well known as a careful, conservative, and
successful business man, and though naturally some-
what retiring in disposition, is not lacking in energy
or firmness. His personal character and worth are
indicated by the positions which he fills. He is a
member of the Church of Our Father, and one of
its Board of Trustees, and Treasurer of the Society.

He has always been a steadfast Republican, but
takes little active part in political affairs.

He was married in December, 1852, to Mary,
daughter of Tunis Woodruff, of Wayne County,
New York. They had two children, both of whom
are living. Their mother died. In 1858 Mr. Waring
married Eleanor Fuller, of Plymouth, Michigan.
She died, leaving two children, both of whom are
living. On f^bruary 9, 1887, he married Mary
Virginia Hard, of Detroit.

JARED C. WARNER, like many others of
the older and substantial citizens of Detroit, came
from New England. He was born in Chester,
Connecticut, December 9, 1804, and was the son of
John and Mehitable (Clark) Warner. His. father
Was born August 4, 1772, and died in the autumn
^f 1850. His mother w^is born July 14, I777» and
died December i, 1826.

Mr. J. C. Warner lived in Chester until 1831,
when he came to Detroit, where he soon engaged
in the hotel business, and continued in it until 1856.
His first venture was in the old Eagle Hotel, on
Woodbridge Street, between Griswold and Shelby
Streets. In 1837 he began keeping the Franklin
House, at the southwest corner of Bates and Earned
Streets, and subsequently removed to the " Yankee
Boarding House," which was on the southeast cor-
ner, the site of the present Franklin House. One of
the almost universal features of hotels at that time
was the bar, but in 1843 Mr. Warner resolved to
have none in his hotel, and his house became widely
known as the Franklin Cold Water House, and has
ever since been maintained as a temperance hotel.

After leaving the hotel business he engaged in
various real estate transactions, and by careful
investments secured a large fortune. He was a
Democrat in his political faith, and sincere and
earnest in adhering to his convictions. He served
as a member of the Board of Education from 1856
to 1 86 1, and as member of the Board of Review
from 1866 to 1872.

For nearly twenty years prior to his decease he
had lived rather a retired life, but he was always
affable and courteous, universally esteemed by those
who knew him, and among his intimates was des-
ignated as " Uncle Warner." He was one of the
earliest members of the First Baptist Church of
Detroit, and a consistent and courageous advocate
of the Christian faith.

He was married October i, 1836, to Sarah
Finney, daughter of Thomas and Harriet (Beatley)
Finney. She was born in Delaware, New York,
May 15, 181 5. After enjoying fifty years of ex-
ceptionally happy married life, Mr. and Mrs.
Warner celebrated their golden wedding on October
I, 1886. He died within one year after, on July
18, 1887, leaving his wife and one daughter, Mrs.
H. H. James.

DEODATUS C. WHITWOOD was born in
West Stockbridge, Berkshire County, Massachusetts,
July 17, 18 1 3. The homestead stood upon the
State line, one half being in the State of New York
and the other in Massachusetts. The head of the
family voted in the State of New York, while the
children from the same home attended school in
Massachusetts. Before Mr. Whitwood became of
age he made two journeys to Western New York,
purchasing large numbers of cattle and driving
them East for sale.

He came to Michigan in 1836, and was interested
for a number of years in a line of stages running
between Chicago and Detroit, making his head-
quarters alternately at Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor, and
Jackson. About 1840 he engaged in merchandizing,

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LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

at Dexter, Michigan, and was quite successful.
About 1848 he disposed of his interests in Dexter,
came to Detroit, and became at once identified
with the produce business, the sale of farming
implements, and also dealt in cattle. In 1853 he
was appointed agent for the Sault Ste. Marie Canal
Company, and held the position until i860.

In 1 862 he was appointed Comptroller of the city
of Detroit, and is conceded to have been one of the
most careful, exact, and scrupulous men that ever
filled that important position. In politics Mr.
Whitwood was a staunch Democrat, and one of the
leaders of the party in Washtenaw and adjoining
counties. The old inhabitants of some localities
rekte many amusing stories and anecdotes regard-
ing his stump speeches, and the way in which he
managed political campaigns.

In 1864 and 1865 he was engaged in constructing
the harbor at Frankfort, on Lake Michigan. His
connection with the Sault Ste. Marie Canal Com-
pany led him to become largely interested in pine
lands throughout the State. He also owned a large
fruit farm on the shore of Lake Michigan, together
with considerable real estate in Detroit. For
several years previous to his death he was con-
nected with the Wayne County Savings Bank, as
second Vice-President, assistant Secretary and
Treasurer.

Mr. Whitwood was a man of warm attachments,
but resented injury, deceit, and misrepresentation
with such outspoken scorn that he drove from his
presence any who attempted to impose upon him.
His quick perception, large and varied experience
in business, and his unimpeachable integrity,
together with an extensive acquaintance, made
his services of great value in any enterprise in
which he engaged.

In January, 1842, he married Caroline E. Farrand,
of Ann Arbor. She died in 1864, and in 1866 he
married Harriet Murdock, and within a year he was
again bereaved. He died on October 7, 1884,
leaving four children, D. B. Whitwood, Mrs. A. B.
Case, Mrs. E. H. Flinn, and Mrs. H. W. Barnard,
all of Detroit.

EBER B, WARD was born December 25,
181 1, in Canada, during a visit of his father's family
to that country. The family were all natives of
Vermont, and they returned to that State just at
the commencement of the War of 18 12. In 181 8
they emigrated to Ohio, Mrs. Ward dying on the
journey, at Waterford, Pa. Young Eber arrived in
Detroit in 1821, aged nine years, and when twelve
years old he was serving as cabin boy on a lake
schooner. Being very enterprising and energetic,,
he steadily advanced, until he commanded his own
craft. Steam navigation on the lakes was then in

its infancy. He was quick to see the favorable
opening, and continuing his investments he soon be-
came prominent in various steamboat lines, and
commanded personally several once well-known
boats. As there were no railroads in those days to
compete for travel and traffic, steamboating became
immensely profitable, and Mr. Ward laid the found-
ations for his subsequent large fortune. Gradually
as railroads began to spread out towards the west
and steamboating began to wane, he had the
shrewdness and foresight to part with his vessel in-
terests, and devoted his attention to iron manufac-
ture just inaugurated in the west. He saw it must
become an important interest, and buying up a
large quantity of the depreciated stock of the
Eureka Iron Company, which, owing to mismanage-
ment, had not been successful, he procured the
dismissal of the salaried officers of the company,
and taking the management into his own hands he
performed effectively and without charge duties
that had previously entailed a great expense on the
corporation. This was the turning point in the suc-
cess of the Eureka Iron Company. It at once became
a profitable establishment, and Captain Ward was
fairly launched in the iron business. New plants
were established at Chicago and 'Milwaukee, mines
purchased on Lake Superior, blast furnaces erected
at Wyandotte, Toledo, and other points, and im-
mense pieces of timber land secured for charcoal
purposes. At this time Mr. Ward was President of
the Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad, and he had
been for a long time a director in the Detroit and
Milwaukee Railroad. As a railroad man his intlu-
ence soon extended westward to Iowa, where he
was soon in charge of the Burlington and South-
western Railway. About this time immense de-
posits of silver were discovered on the north shore
of Lake Superior, and Captain Ward was quick to
occupy this new field for enterprise. The entire
island known as Silver Islet was purchased, and ex-
tensive mining operations inaugurated, followed by
the erection of silver smelting works at Wyandotte.
Hearing of large deposits of sand suitable for the
manufacture of plate glass on the Mississippi river,
below St. Louis, he investigated the same, bought
the entire property, and in company with other
parties established the American Plate Glass
Works, which became the most extensive on the
continent. It was always a wonder to his friends
how Mr. Ward managed to successfully maintain
the mastery of so much business. The secret lay
in the fact that the captain was a good judge of
men, and had the faculty of attaching faithful and
competent men to himself, upon whom the details
of his multifarious business could be placed, and
whose fidelity he never failed to reward with
princely generosity.

^

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LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

1235

In politics Mr. Ward was a Republican, and at
the time of the impeachment movement against
Andrew Johnson, Captain Ward's name was
prominently mentioned in connection with the
secretaryship of the treasury.

In character he was a man of mild and agreeable
manners, quick in action, open-handed and gen-
erous. Possessed of almost invincible determina-
tion, if he thought his plans w^ere unreasonably op-
posed he would brook no opposition, and usually
carried his point, but in general he was far from be-
ing a difficult man to please. As a friend and pat-
ron of young men of force and enterprise he was
held in great esteem. He possessed a strong mind,
and for one of comparatively limited education, was
surprisingly well posted in science, modern history,
political economy and philosophy, and could write
most forcibly upon subjects in which he was inter-
ested. He had considerable taste for and thorough-
ly appreciated and enjoyed the accomplishments
and graces of culture. His cabinet of mineralogy,
his library, and his garden, all bespoke a high de-
gree of natural refinement. Though bred a sailor,
he was a thorough gentleman in his deportment.
No oath or vulgar expression ever escaped his lips,
and though possessed of great wealth, he was demo-
cratic in his habits and free from all the petty weak-
nesses of pride.

Mr. Ward's religious views were broad and
liberal. To quote the words of one who holds his
memory in grateful affection, ** he believed in God, in
universal law, in the communion of spirits, in life
everlasting, and in eternal progress." His heart was
large and his charity abundant, his forethought and
foresight wonderful, making his judgment in
business superior to ordinary men. * His nieces and
nephews, and a long list of relatives and friends,
remember with gratitude his kind heart and open
purse. He was far from being a bigot, and alto-
gether free from petty jealousy. Though nominally
a Unitarian, he was always ready with a liberal dona-
tion to any church or denomination that needed aid.
Mr. Ward's death, which occurred on January 2,
1875, was very Sudden, and was caused by a stroke
of apoplexy. By his first marriage Mr. Ward had
five sons, John P., Henry S., Milton D., Charles H.
and Frederick, and two daughters, Lfzzie V. and
Mary E. By his second wife he had two children,
Eber B. and Clara.

EMILY WARD, familiarly and almost univer-
sally known as Aunt Emily, was born March 16,
1809, at Manlius, near Syracuse, N. Y. Her father,
Eber W^rd, was the son of a Baptist clergyman,
and her mother the daughter of Captain Potter, a
retired shipmaster. After the birth of Emily, Mr.
Ward, who was a native of Vermont, moved back to

that State with his wife and two little daughters.
Living there but a short time, he went to Canada,
locating near the present site of Toronto. Mr.
Ward remained in Canada about a year and then
returned to his former home near Rutland, Vt.,
where he resided with his family for five years. In
December, 181 7, he, with his family, left for Ken-
tucky, where he intended to settle permanently. It
being winter, they were obliged to travel in a can-
vas-covered sleigh, and the journey, which was
through New York and Pennsylvania, was a weari-
some one, and rendered much more so by the in-
clemency of the weather. After they had been on
the road for several weeks Mr. Ward was taken .
with pleurisy, and the providing for the family was
thrown on Mrs. Ward, until her husband was re-
stored to health. The additional exertion she was
impelled to make was more than she could sustain,
and on their arrival at Waterford, Pa., she was taken
sick, and after a few days' illness, died. Her death
induced Mr. Ward to give up his intention of settling
in Kentucky, and he directed his way toward
the lake regions, reaching New Salem, now Con-
neaut, Ohio, when he brought his journey to a close,
and remained four years.

When Mrs. Ward died she left four children,
"Aunt Emily," Sallie, Eber B., and Abbie, and at
the age of nine years "Aunt Emily " was installed
as housekeeper, and faithfully and well performed
the duties and assumed the responsibilities of that
position.

In 1822 the family went to Marine City, then
known as Yankee Point, where Mr. Ward's brother
Samuel lived and owned several vessels which he
used for trading purposes. The family remained
in Marine City about five years, during which time
Aunt Emily taught school in addition to looking
after the needs of her father's household, but finally,
as the members of the family were suffering
severely from malaria, they moved back to Con-
neaut. At this time Aunt Emily's sisters married
and went to make hpmes for themselves. Sallie
became Mrs. Brindle and Abbie, Mrs. B. F. Owen.
About 1 83 1 her father was appointed keeper of
Bois Blanc Island Light-house, and after a few
months Aunt Emily joined him, remaining there for
eight or ten years.

"Aunt Emily assumed the active responsibility
involved in the care of the light stations, a man be-
ing employed by her father to carry out her in-
structions. * * * During the progress of a
severe storm, while her father was at Mackinac,
Aunt Emily discovered that the masonry of the
light-house tower was being undermined. Watch-
ing anxiously, she discovered seams appearing, run-
ning its whole length from top to bottom. In spite
of the fierce wind that was blowing, she climbed in-

1236

LAND DEALERS, LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, ETC.

side the spiral stairs leading to the top of the tower,
which was even then swaying back and forth, re-
moved the lamp and other things of value and
descended. She had scarcely reached the ground
before the tower toppled over, but luckily it fell in
such a manner as not to crush the residence."

About 1845, Aunt Emily returned to Marine
City, living there for the next twenty years. During
this time both of her sisters died, leaving large
families, over whom she exercised the same kind
guardianship she had exercised over their mothers.
As has been truly said of her, ** she found her mis-
sion amongst children, and it was a mission in
which her devotion was earnest and unwearying."
She had under her care as many as ten children at
one time, and brought up fourteen children from
childhood to maturity. She cared for half a dozen
others for periods of several years, and the number
of those who felt the benefit of her assistance and
the influence of her words of advice and encour-
agement would reach into hundreds. She reared
her charges in a good old-fashioned way, keeping
them out of mischief by giving them something to
do. She had a contempt for many of the acquire-
ments and arts which are supposed to be essential
to the training of the young ladies of the present
day. She sought to impress upon the children the
importance of work and the necessity of thrifty and
economical habits. The late Captain Ward gave
her material assistance in carrying out her projects
and good deeds. He built a school for her at
Marine City and fitted it out with all the equipments
and appliances essential to a good education. A
college graduate, whose salary he paid, was gener-
ally placed in charge, but Aunt Emily was the pre-
siding genius, or, as it has been happily put, " she
had charge of the school-master, the school-house
and the pupils, and was a board of education of one,
with original and appellate jurisdiction." Though
Aunt Emily had several proposals of marriage, she
always refused, as she herself has said, ** she didn't
have time to get married."

Like her brother, she possessed considerably busi-
ness talent, was quick to comprehend a business
proposition, and to take in the phases of a commer-

cial situation. Captain Ward, over whom she had
great influence, always attributed much of his suc-
cess in business to her foresight and prudent sug-
gestion. At a crisis early in his career, he was saved
from ruin by the timely assistance of a sum of
money which she had laid by, and with which the
captain successfully overcame his embarrassment.

In 1865, she joined her brother in Detroit, where
he had moved some years previous, and in 1869
Captain Ward built for her a large old-fashioned
home on Fort street, nearly opposite his own
beautiful house, and she has resided there ever
since, being frequently visited by those who have
felt the benefit of her kind attention, and over
whom she exercised the care of a mother.

Her career has been full of incident. Placed in
a position of responsibility at an early age, she soon
displayed that force of character which has been
one of her most prominent traits, and which years
of energetic action have highly developed. Having
once made up her mind to do a thing, and becom-
ing convinced of the rightness of her position, she
went ahead, regardless of what the world thought,
bravely facing all obstacles, and if possible, over-
coming them. She has always had a contempt for
the demands of fashionable society, and clothed her-
self in dresses of the plainest kind, adhering to the
same style year after year. Accustomed from her
childhood to work, she was never happy when idle,
and frequently after spending the day attending to
the wants of her own flock she would be seen
hurrying off, bearing succor and good cheer to some
sick or distressed family, and in the kindness of
her heart she has always managed to have several
such ones on her hands. Although she has never
failed or faltered in her benevolent deeds and her
cheerful good nature, honest, whole-souled sym-
pathy, and steady generous giving of both money
and time, and her wise counsel have endeared her to
many scores of persons.

She has not shone in the literary, social, or politi-
cal world, but she has left the impress of her life
upon many, and will live, with thanksgiving, in
their memory long after she has passed away.

'^' A l-'J^zi^^t

CHAPTER CVII .

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

JOHN BRENNAN, of the firm of John Brennan
& Company, Manufacturers of boilers and workers
of sheet iron, was born in Ireland, on March i6,
1820. During the same year his parents emigrated
to America, settling in New York City. At ten
years of age he was an orphan and thrown upon
his own resources, a fact that so materially inter-
fered with his education that he may be called a
self-educated man. While but a youth, he entered
the AUair Iron Works in order to learn the black-
smithing business, and in 1847, with the capital
which he had acquired by industry and economy, he
joined his uncle, James Brennan, in the boiler-mak-
ing business at Detroit, under the name of J. & J.
Brennan. In 1865 he became sole owner of the
establishment, and in 1882 the business was incor-
porated with a capital of thirty-five thousand dol-
lars, Mr. Brennan becoming President. The insti-
tution has steadily prospered, and now gives em-
ployment to ninety or one hundred men, and a
branch was established at Battle Creek in 1883.

Mr. Brennan's business life has been eminently
successful, and he is now enjoying the reward of a
life of continuous industry. In 1839 he married
Matilda Van Drummond, of Long Island. She
died shortly after her arrival in Detroit, leaving a
son who subsequently died. On April 28, 1851, he
married Hannah Hilton Butler, a native of Maine.

When the old volunteer fire department was in
its prime, Mr. Brennan was a member of Con-
tinental Co., No. 8, and often ran with the machine.
He was also prominent in musical circles, and
was at one time Treasurer of the Handel and
Haydn Musical Association. His integrity and
sterling qualities being well-known, his fellow citi-
zens often tried to induce him to hold public office,
but he always resisted the allurements of politics,
and attended strictly to his personal affairs. Up
to the beginning of the war with the South he was
a Democrat, but after that time he voted the Re-
publican ticket. In every respect, Mr. Brennan is a
self-made man. By his own energies he has raised
himself to a position of affluence and independence,
and close application, strict business methods and

persevering energy have won for him a success of
which he may well be proiid.

CONRAD CLIPPERT was born in Hesse-Cas-
sel, Germany, in 1834. His parents Henry and
Anna Catherine (Kimbal) Clippert, died in Ger-
many, leaving a family of four sons and four
daughters, of whom John, Mrs. Mary Bornman and
Conrad now survive. Conrad received a good
education in Germany, and after coming to this
country acquired an English education by attending
night schools and by contact with English-speak-
ing people. In the spring of 1850 he came to
Wayne County, settled at Springwells, and com-
menced his business career the following year as
an errand boy in the employ of Richard H. Hall.
Later on he became the book-keeper, and finally
general manager of that gentleman's extensive
brick-making business, holding the position until
1874, when he organized the firm of Clippert &
Daniels.

He has taken a prominent part in public affairs,
serving as Town Clerk one year, and being elected
Supervisor in 1870. He filled this position for ten
years, and was then elected Sheriff of Wayne
County In 1882 he was re-elected as Sheriff, retir-
ing from office in 1884. When Mr. Clippert was
elected Sheriff he sold out his large brick-making
interests, but re-engaged in them at the expiration of
his term of office, and now gives employment to
seventy-five or one hundred men.

He was married to Christina Frederica Pfeifle in
1859. She was born in Germany in 1840, and
came to Detroit in 1844. They have six sons and
one daughter, namely, George H., Frederick J.,
Charles F., Conrad, Jr., William, Julius Caspar and
Hattie Frederica.

Mr. Clippert attends the German Lutheran
Church at the corner of Jay and Russell streets. In
politics he is a Republican and is an excellent
worker for the interest of his party. Of a genial,
friendly nature, he quickly makes friends, and nuni-
bers them by hundreds. His great popularity
amongst his fellow-citizens is attested by the fact

L1337]

1238

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

that he was elected to the Sheriff's office on the
Republican ticket in a largely Democratic county.
Strictly honorable in his dealings, he has the confi-
dence of all with whom he deals. His efforts in
business ventures have been attended with gratify-
ing success, and he is truly entitled to a place in the
list of our self-made men.

VICTOR COLLIAU was born in Paris, France,
July 4, 1827, and is the son of Francois and For-
tune Adelaide Colliau, nee Lottin. His grandfather
and great grandfather were clock and watch
makers of reputation, their time-pieces being still in
use in many French palaces. His grandfather,
who in 1820 founded the iron works at Toutes-
voyes near Chantilly on the River Oise, made the
first wire nails by machinery and his father who
succeeded to the business made the first iron wire-
rope ever manufactured by machinery. Mr. Col-
liau himself was at the head of this iron estabHsh-
ment for ten years and then sold out on account of
the business stagnation that followed the revolutions
of 1848 to 1 85 1. He lived at his home in Paris,
which had witnessed the birth of four generations of
the Colliau family, until his eighth year, and then
went to I'Abbe Poiloup's College at Vangirard, near
Paris. He remained at College until his seven-
teenth year, and amongst his college mates and
friends were the present great chemist Berthelot
and General de Gallifet, the sons and nephews of
Lafayette, de Chateaubriand, de Larochejaquelain,
de La Rochefoucauld, de Clermont Tonnerre, the
sons of Admirals de Moge and Duperre, de Polig-
nac, the nephews of Monsignor Affre, Archbishop
of Paris, who was killed at the barricades in the
revolution of 1848. On leaving college in 1844 he
worked for his father until the latter's death in
1846, and then went as draughtsman for the Seguin
Brothers, the great railroad and bridge builders.
While with them he assisted in the construction of
the railroad from Troy to Monteraux, and in the
erection of three cast-iron cantilever bridges over
the River Seine. On the death of his mother in
1850, he took possession of the iron- works, which
he managed for six years, and then sold out to go
to England, where he was engaged as draughtsman
for Easton &• Amos, machinists. In 1857 he re-
turned to Paris, preparatory to starting for America.
While in Paris one of his sisters introduced him to
a gentleman who had taken some shares in a com-
pany just organized in Paris for the exploration and
development of millions of acres of mineral lands,
which the company claimed to hold by virtue of cer-
tain letters patent issued by the American govern-
ment, conferring large grants of land on certain
persons who had done service for the Republic un-
der the Marquis de Lafayette. Young Colliau was

employed by the company to journey to America
and superintend the'mines. On arriving at Wythe-
ville, Va„ the supposed seat of the company's
offices, he found neither land nor mines, and learned
to his disgust that the whole concern was a swindle.
He sent a detailed report of the fraud to the Police
Department of France, and had the satisfaction of
hearing that the offices of the company were closed
and the manager imprisoned. Mr. Colliau then
determined to remain and cast his lot with this
country. He earned a living by teaching French
and by occasionally drawing a few plans. In two
years he had saved a little money and set up a
general store in Wytheville. When the war broke
out he had acquired a considerable fortune, which
was wiped out by a raid of the Federal troops, and
then the Rebels gave him sixty days to join the
army or leave the country. He determined to go
north and started out with his wife and two children
in a carriage drawn by mules. After a long jour-
ney full of thrilling incidents he finally arrived in
New York, where he spent six months looking for
a situation. He was finally engaged as mechanical
superintendent of the copper mines controlled by
the Lafayette and Carp Lake Mining Company,
situated at Ontonagon, Michigan. Shortly after
reaching the mining region, Lincoln was assas-
sinated, and in the panic which followed, the com-
pany by which Mr. Colliau was employed, failed,
and he was compelled to return to Detroit, where he
had stopped a few days before going to Ontonagon.
Shortly after his arrival in Detroit he was given the
position of chief draughtsman of the Detroit and
Milwaukee Railroad, and for six years served also
as professor of mechanical drawing for the Mechanic
Society, and had from thirty to sixty pupils every
winter, some of whom are now foremen and head
draughtsmen in large shops. In 1876 he resigned
and made a trip to France, where he studied the
question of saving fuel in iron-melting. He then
returned to Detroit and patented an invention by
which the number of pounds of iron meltable by a
pound of coal was increased from six to ten. He
soon organized a company of which he was Presi-
dent, but was finally " frozen out " of it. He how-
ever was not discouraged, but kept on working at
his cupola, and in 1884 invented the present Col-
liau Cupola, which melts 13X pounds of iron to one
pound of coal. He is at present engaged in the
building of cupolas and over 500 Colliau Cupolas are
now in successful operation in every State in the
Union, and in Canada and Mexico. In addition to
his cupola he has invented the " Colliau Washing
Machine " and the " Colliau Smelting Furnace," and
has eclipsed all his former efforts by the invention of
the Colliau S^team Generator, an invention which will
effect a great saving of coal in generating steam.

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MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

1239

In personal appearance Mr. CoUiau is below the
medium height, of portly build, with clear cut fea-
tures and a cast of countenance that indicates his
Gallic origin. His predominant trait is a dogged
determination, which he has shown during his whole
career, and which has spurred him on to renewed
efforts, even under the most discouraging circum-
stances.

He was married in England in 1857 to an Eng-
lish lady. They had nine children, seven of whom
are still living, namely, Francis, w^ho is married and
is superintendent of the cupola shop, Lucie, now
Mrs. Archibald MacMillan, Clara, Victor, Jr.,
Emile, Charlotte, and Harry.

SIDNEY B. DIXON was born May 19, 1841,
in the village of Whitesborough, near Utica,
Oneida County, New York, and is the son of
Richard and Cornelia Dixon. His father, who had
been the foreman in a large cotton manufactory,
removed to Detroit in 1852, where he went into
the meat business at the corner of Brush and Clin-
ton Streets. Sidney B. Dixon attended a public
school until fourteen years of age, and then went to
work for his father, continuing with him for six
years. In 1861 he married Catherine C. Langley,
daughter of Henry Langley, a retired builder. The
following year, on August 7, 1862, he enlisted as a
private in Co. G, Twenty-fourth Michigan Infantry,
going to the front a few weeks later. He participated
in all the campaigns on the Potomac, and in 1865 re-
turned to Detroit, where he was mustered out of
service. After his return home he worked for
William A. Owen, who was then located at the
corner of Jefferson Avenue and Rivard Street.
After serving Mr. Owen for nine months, he entered
the employ of Geo. H. Hammond. Here his talent
and ability for business was soon manifest, and
from a subordinate position he rose rapidly until
1872, when he became a partner. In 1882 a cor-
poration was formed, and Mr. Dixon became the
Vice-President and has continued as such. He is
also interested in the H. C. Hart Manufacturing
Co., the Detroit and Montana Cattle Co., the Fire
and Marine Insurance Co., the Michigan Savings
Bank, the Detroit Spiral Tube Co., the Congress
Mine, of Breckenridge, Colorado, and many other
business enterprises.

Though interested in various business ventures,
Mr. Dixon does not permit them to absorb all his
attention. He takes an active interest in masonic
affairs and is Past Eminent Commander of the De-
troit Commandery. Of strong social predilections,
he is frequently present at evening gatherings, is a
prominent member and director of the Rushmere
Club, and a worthy example of a self-made man.
As a business man he has been energetic and

upright, and as a citizen, public-spirited and enter-
prising, and his gen ial nature has won for him a
host of friends. Modest and unassuming, kind and
generous at heart, he easily secures the esteem,
confidence and good-will of all with whom he is
associated. His family consists of himself, his wife,
three sons and a daughter, namely, Sidney R.,
Edward M., Maud M. and Frederick S. One son,
Eugene H., died during 1889.

WALTER JOHN GOULD was born in the
town of Kenton, Somersetshire, England, seven
miles from the historical Glastonbury Abbey, De-
cember 25, 1830, and is the only son of John and
Mary Elizabeth (Hill) Gould.

When Walter was but six years of age, his father
being desirous of bettering his financial condition,
and realizing that much greater inducements were
offered in the new world, sailed for America with
his wife and son, and settled in Detroit in June,
1836.

Young Walter's first schooling was obtained in a
little school house situated near the corner of Bates
and Earned Streets, where now the large drug
house of Williams, Sheley & Brooks is located. He
next attended school in the University building,
located near the corner of Bates and Congress
streets.

His father upon reaching Detroit opened a
grocery store on Randolph Street, near where the
Biddle House now stands, but during the financial
troubles of 1854 went West, and was never heard
from thereafter.

In 1839 his mother died. The principles of hon
esty and integrity, however, which she had instilled
in his youthful mind, and to which he continued to
adhere, have won for him the respect and esteem of
all who know him.

At the age of eighteen years, Walter J. entered the
employ of the widely known financier, Capt. E. B.
Ward, and while with him he obtained a business
education that was of great value. He remained
with Mr. Ward for seventeen years, filling in a
commendable manner the position of clerk on the
steamers, Samuel Ward, Huron, Pacific, Cleveland.
Forrester, and Planet, and attended Goldsmith's
Commercial College during the winter months.

Indomitable will and energy soon gave him a
good business education, and in 1864. he launched
forth for himself and opened a wholesale grocery
house at No. 22 Woodward Avenue with a Mr.
Fellers, under the name of Gould & Fellers.

In 1873 the partnership was dissolved, and Mr.
Gould renting the stores known as Nos. 82 and 84
Jefferson Avenue, continued the business alone.

His generosity and warm-heartedness and his
sterling qualities soon won for him a wide reputa

I24Q

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS

tion and many friends, and in 1881 his business
had reached such a magnitude, being constantly on
the increase, that he was obliged to seek more
commodious quarters. The stores Nos. 59, 61 and
63 Jefferson Avenue were then obtained, and he
became senior member of the firm of W. J. Gould
& Co., the largest wholesale grocery house in
Michigan.

Mr. Gould is a large subscriber to charitable
organizations, and many a poor family have had
reason to be grateful for his benevolence in time
of need.

In politics he is a Republican, but does not
engage actively in political life.

DE WITT C. GAGE was born April 6, 1836,
in Seneca County, New York, and is the son of
Justice and Ruth (Tinkler) Gage. His father who
was born in Oneida County, New York, was a
minister of the Universalist Church, and was one of
thirteen children, the youngest of whom, Eli, is the
father of Lyman J. Gage, a prominent Chicago
business man and banker, and now a member of
the World's Fair Commission. When but a year
old De Witt C. Gage removed with his parents to
Cass County, Michigan, and in its district schools
he received his early education. When fourteen
years of age he left home, going to the village of
Dowagiac, then just started, where he remained for
one year, attending school in the winter and serving
as clerk for Henry Lybrooks, the leading merchant
of the place. The following winter he taught
school, and with the money he earned he entered
the Normal School at Ypsilanti the next autumn.
In the winter of 1857 he again taught school at
Waterford, in this State, and the next summer
worked his father's farm, whilst the latter was on a
visit to New York. That winter he traveled for a
Chicago publishing house, to obtain subscriptions,
and in the spring went north with a party looking
for lands, walking from Kalamazoo to Grand
Traverse City, through what was then a perfect
wilderness. Failing to find suitable land, he re-
turned by way of Chicago to Dowagiac, but im-
mediately started out in the same spring with five
others to take a drove of cattle over the plains to
California. On arriving in California, he sold his
horse for six hundred dollars in gold, and this was
the extent of his wealth. He there hired out to
an old Frenchman who ran a garden-farm near
San Jose. The latter had one hundred and fifty
head of cattle, but being without a range upon
which to pasture them, he proposed to Mr. Gage
to take the cattle and find a range, and for his com-
pensation take half the increase. Mr. Gage con-
sented to the proposition, and securing another
hundred and fifty head on the same conditions,

started out to look for a location, which he found
on the Middle Range of Mountains, midway be-
tween Stockton and San Luis, seventy-five miles
away from the nearest post-office. He remained
on this range for five years, during three of which
he did not see a post-office, town or store. At
the end of the five years he returned to his home at
Dowagiac by the way of the Isthmus of Panama
and New York. He secured employment with his
brother, who was then running a lumber mill in
Berrien County, and after working a week for
him, bought the mill, which he controlled for four
years. At the end of that time he sold out and
went to Boulder City in Colorado, which was then
a Territory. Remaining there for the summer and
winter, he returned at the solicitation of his brother,
who was book-keeper for Backus Brothers, lumber
manufacturers of Detroit, who had written to
him that they wanted a foreman for the lumber
yards. For six years Mr. Gage worked in this
capacity for that company, and in 1872, in connec-
tion with W. A. C. Miller, started a lumber yard
at the corner of Tenth and Fort Streets. At
the end of nine years they dissolved partnership,
Mr. Gage retaining the old stand. One year later
he entered into partnership with Mr. Hebert,
establishing a yard at the corner of Fifteenth and
Fort streets. In May, 1 889, he sold his interest,
and since that time has not been engaged in active
business.

He was married in 1874, to Jane Schneider, who
is a native of Marengo, Michigan. They have two
children, named Minnie and Jennie.

JOHN ALLEN GRAY was born in Glasgow,
Scotland, March 24, 1854, and is the son of John
and Margaret (Allen) Gray. When he was but a
year old his parents, with their family of four
children, emigrated to America, and settled at
Utica, New York. In 1856 they removed to
Hamilton, Canada, where five more children were
born. In 1863 the family came to Detroit, where
two more children were added to the already large
family, making in all eleven children, nine of whom
are now living, namely, Mary, Andrew, Maggie,
John H., William N., Robert, Eliza, Alice and
Edward. The mother died in 1884, but the father
is still living, and serves as engineer in his sons
carriage manufactory. John Allen Gray attended
the public school for a few years, the rest of his
education being acquired at night school and by
private reading. When but twelve years old he
went to work, working part of the time at garden-
ing and again at making measures. Subsequently,
for five years he served as an engineer. At seven-
teen years of age he began learning the general
smithing trade, and in 1879 engaged in the smith-

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MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

I 24 1

ing, wagon-making and repairing business with a
capital of forty-one dollars.

Amongst his first orders was one given by the
Diamond Fanning Mill Co. for twelve wagons.
He had neither material nor money with which to
buy them. Nothing daunted, however, he went to
several business houses, explained the situation, and
asked for thirty days credit, at the end of which
time he said the wagons would be completed, and
he would have the money to pay for them. Several
firms to which he applied refused to aid, but he
found others who did have faith in him, and these
same houses have since received the benefit of his
large patronage, and naturally he has always felt
grateful to those who were willing to take his word
in an hour of need. From this modest beginning
the business rapidly grew, and the firm now gives
employment to thirty or thirty-five men. In 1881
he established himself on Cass Avenue, and in 1882
entered into partnership with his brother, under the
firm name of J. A. Gray and Brother. In 1886
they reorganized, and were incorporated under the
name of Gray Brothers. In addition to their other
manufactures they also make wire nails, their factory
being on Trumbull Avenue.

Mr. Gray was married in February, 1878, to
Eliza Smith. They have two sons, Chester M., and
Allen S., and one daughter, Elsie.

Mr. Gray is a prominent Odd Fellow% being Past
Grand of Wayne Lodge. In religion he inclines
to Presbyterianism, having been brought up in the
faith of that denomination. In politics he is inde-
pendent, acknowledging allegiance to neither of the
parties, but supporting for oflftce whoever in his es-
timation is the best.

Unaided by others, and by his own perseverance
and hard labor, he has raised himself to a position
of independence. He is quiet in disposition, but
his strong determination and personality soon im-
press themselves on any one who meets him.

WILLIAM A. GRAY is of Scotch descent.
His father, John, and his mother Margaret (Allen)
Gray were born in Glasgow, Scotland. They came
to America in 1855, and took up their residence at
Utica, New York. From there, in 1856, they re-
moved to Hamilton, Canada, and here, on August
nth of the same year, the subject of this sketch
was born. In 1863 the family came to Detroit,
and owing to the number of children, the boys
were obliged to shift for themselves at an early age,
and William was deprived of any extended school-
ing. He at first engaged in the manufacture of
cigar boxes, and continued in this occupation for
several years, and then went to learn the trade of
carriage-body making at John Patton's carriage es-
tablishment. The faithful and diligent manner in

which he applied himself to his trade made him a
thorough workman at the .completion of his ap-
prenticeship, and in 1 882 he entered into a partner-
ship with his brother, John A. Gray, who had
already acquired a large general smithing trade, and
together they engaged in the manufacture and
repairing of wagons and carriages. In 1886 the
firm was reorganized and incorporated under the
name of Gray Brothers. The high quality of their
work has brought them a large trade, and they now
give employment to between thirty and forty
persons. They are also engaged in other manufac-
turing enterprises, amongst which is the manufacture
of wire nails.

Mr. Gray is a thorough master of his trade, ener-
getic and upright, and his perseverance, industry
and abilities have raised him to an enviable position.
His education has been largely acquired through
contact with the world. He is a believer in the
tenets of the Presbyterian church and is indepen-
dent in politics, although he inclines to the Repub-
lican party. He is a member of the Ancient Order
of United Workmen and of the National Union
Benefit Association.

In 1877 he married Sarah M. Arnold. They
have a family of three children, Florence Sibyl,
Arthur John, and William.

ANTHONY F. GROSFIELD was born in
Westphalia, Prussia, in 1843, and is the son of
Theodore and Francesca (Grobbel) Grosfield. His
mother died in Germany, leaving five children to
mourn her departure Anthony attended the
higher schools of Germany, and received a classical
education. In 1863 he came to Detroit and en-
gaged in manufacturing cutlery, sabres and army
implements ; three years later he started in the
grocery business on Michigan Avenue, and soon
after increased his stock, adding hardware and
builder's materials. He has also dealt extensively
in real estate, and owns considerable property in
various parts of the city. Mr. Grosfield was elected
Alderman for the Twelfth Ward in 1874, and was
subsequently elected a member of the Board of
Education, remaining on the Board from 1883 to
1887. He was a member of the Board of Esti-
mates in 1889, and in 1888 was elected State Sena-
tor for the Third District by a large vote. In 1885
he gave up his grocery and hardware business, and
in company with Peter Schulte is engaged in the
real estate and insurance business

He is a firm believer in Democratic principles,
and works hard for the success of his party. His
religious views are those of a Roman Catholic, and
he has done much towards building up Si. Boni-
face's Church, of which he was a trustee for ten or
twelve years. By economy and shrewd business

1242

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

foresight, he has accumulated considerable wealth.
He has a quiet and modest disposition, but makes
himself heard and felt in public affairs. His un-
questioned- integrity and solid worth have secured
to him the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens.
Faithful to his friends, with an even tempered mind,
and taking life's cares easily, he is a valuable friend
and well thought of by those with whom he is
associated.

He was married on November 14, 187 1, to Eliza-
beth Vogt, who was born in Grosse Pointe. They
have a family of five sons, Theodore, John, Frank,
Charles, and Frederick.

EDWARD W. LEECH was born at Newboro,
Province of Ontario, Canada, on January 20, 1849,
and is the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Earl)
Leech. His great grandfather on the maternal
side was killed at Wexford, Ireland, in the Rebel-
lion of 1798. His grandfather emigrated about
1 8 10 from Ireland to Canada, settling in the County
of Leeds, Ontario, then a complete wilderness.
His father and grandfather were both wood-work-
ers, the former in his early years manufacturing
lumber. His father who was born in Leeds county,
Ontario, lived there until 1859, ^^^ then moved to
the Queen's Bush, Ontario, where he built a lumber
and flour mill, and established the village of Leech-
ville. It was at the public school of this village
that E. W. Leech received his education. At the
age of sixteen he went to work in his father's mills.
After he had mastered this business he became a
partner with his father in the flour and saw mills,
and in the dry goods business. He rapidly acquired
wealth, but in 1879, lost all that he possessed by
the failure of a relative, whose paper he had in-
dorsed. He then determined to go to Winnipeg,
Manitoba, but on arriving in Detroit, in 1880, he
changed his mind, and determined to remain here
and engage in the lumber business. Having but
little money, he was obliged to start in an humble
scale, buying a car-load of lumber at a time and
selling it from the car. By strict economy and
close attention to business he was soon able to es-
tablish a yard, and within ten years he built up the
largest business in hard-wood lumber in Detroit.
In March, 1890, he and P. M. Gamble of the
well-known firm of Lindsay & Gamble, manufac-
turers of pine lumber, entered into partnership un-
der the firm name of E. W. Leech & Co., and con-
solidated the business of their pine and hard-wood
lumber yards, running them separately. They have
leased for a term of years the yards, ware-houses,
planing mill, dry-kilns, etc., of Lindsay & Gamble,
and have restocked the yards with a large assort-
ment of pine and hard- wood lumber, made exten-
sive improvements in the mill and dry-kilns, and

now have unrivaled facilities for drying, working
and handling lumber.

Mr. Leech has never held any political office, is
rather inclined to free trade tendencies, and is a be-
liever in the principles of the Prohibition party.
He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, of the Iron
Hall, and when in Canada was an active mem-
ber of the Good Templars. He is one of the lead-
ing members and an official in the Simpson
Methodist Episcopal Ghurch.

He possesses a quiet, good-natured disposition,
but is of a determined spirit, and is the same in
adversity or prosperity. He is strong in his likes
and dislikes and blunt of speech, always speaking
his mind openly and freely, and is intensely demo-
cratic in his ways, abhorring ostentation and dis-
play. His kind treatment of his employees has won
for him their esteem and affection, and he never
fails to give them aid in hours of sickness and dis-
tress. Self-made, self-educated, he is esteemed as
a successful business man, a worthy citizen, and a
desirable friend.

He was married "on February 27, 1878, to Rachel
May Jackson, a farmer's daughter, and a native of
Glengarry County, Ontario. Mrs. Leech possesses
much business ability, and supervised the office
work in connection with her husband^ business
for about six years. They have one son, Earl, who
is nine years of age.

CHARLES H. PRESTON was bornin Lenawee
County, Michigan, September 9, 1854, and is the
son of Simon B., and Julia E. Preston. His father,
who was a miller by occupation, was a Lieutenant
in the Mexican War, and again entered the service
as First Lieutenant in the late Civil War. For
gallant services on the field he was promoted
to the captaincy of Company F, of the old Fourth
Michigan Regiment. He was wounded in the
battle before Richmond, and died in Libby Prison
as a result of the amputation of his arm. His wife is
still living at Hudson, in Lenawee County.

C. H. Preston was educated in the public schools of
Hudson. When twelve years of age, he began to work
on a farm in the summer, attending school during
the winter months. He continued in this manner
until 1870, when he came to Detroit, and went to
work in the Michigan Central Locomotive Works,
learning the machinist's trade. After he had mas-
tered this trade he entered the mechanical depart-
ment where he became an expert draughtsman.
He remained with this company for six years, and
only left it when it removed its works to Jackson,
Michigan. After this he went to Chicago, where he
remained off and on for three years. During the
latter part of his stay in Chicago he had charge of a
match factory, but lost this situation by the burning

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MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

1243

of the buildings. A few days subsequently he met
the late D. M. Richardson, of Detroit, who was
then in Chicago endeavoring to secure the help of
Chicago capitalists in reopening his match factory
which had shut down because of his failure a short
time before. Mr. Richardson engaged him as en-
gineer, and in July, 1879, he became engineer and
machinist of the Richardson Match Factory. In
April, 1880, he was advanced to the position of
Superintendent, and during that same year the com-
pany became known as the Diamond Match Com-
pany. Mr. Preston held the position of Superin-
tendent until February, 1889, and at that time, on
the resignation of D. M. Richardson, he succeeded
him as manager, which position he still holds.

In the fall of 1888 he joined the Free Masons
and became a member of Kilwinning Lodge. He
advanced rapidly through the different degrees of
Masonry, and is now a 32° Mason, a member of the
Michigan Sovereign Consistory, Scottish Rite, and
has passed through the Enrolled Chapter.

In politics Mr. Preston is a Republican on na-
tional issues, but in local affairs he supports the best
men. He is a member of the Michigan Club and
of the Young Men's Republican League.

Mr. Preston, although a comparatively young
man, has met with a most gratifying success, a suc-
cess that is all the more notable from the fact that
he started out with few advantages and reached
his present position in so brief a number of years.
Under the most adverse circumstances he always
kept his courage up and manifested an inflexible
determination, which trait of his character is shown
upon his clear-cut features and strong face.
Though holding a responsible position, he does not
forget to be considerate and is uniformly agreeable.
He responds readily to calls upon his benevolence,
and is always ready to give a word of cheer to
those with whom he comes in contact.

He was married oh October 22, 1873, to Ida M.
Beers, of Detroit, whose father was his predecessor
as Superintendent of the Richardson Match Fac-
tory, and is now Superintendent of the Diamond
(Union) Match Company. They have one child, a
little girl, Georgie M. Preston.

HENRY SPITZLEY was born in Mayen,
Germany, a town near the junction of the rivers
Rhine and Moselle, on September 19, 1829, and is
the son of Stephen and Agnes (Thomas) Spitzley. He
lived in the vicinity of the beautiful Rhine until 1848,
when with his parents he immigrated to America,
arriving in Detroit on November 2 of that year.
In the spring of 1849 he engaged as an apprentice
with Hugh Flynn to learn the carpenter trade. In
1853 he married Margaret Schmitz, a native of the
same locality as hirii§elf. Two years later he

moved to Chicago, where he engaged in business
for himself, but the panic of 1857 came on, and he
lost everything he had. He then moved to Kansas
City, Missouri, where he engaged in the building
business, and on the outbreak of the war with the
South he moved to a point near South Bend, Indi-
ana, residing there until 1867, when he returned to
Detroit, mainly for the purpose of educating his
children. In company with his brother Joseph he
soon started a carpenter shop where their present
extensive business is located. Possessed of but lit-
tle capital, but having great energy, they built up
one of the largest and most profitable carpenter
and building establishments in the city. In 1874
they erected a three story building, fitted with steam
power, in which all the work necessary for their
business was done. In 1886 they suffered a severe
loss by fire, their large mill and lumber yard being
burned. They had only a small insurance, but im-
mediately rebuilt, and in four months had a better
factory, with the best of machinery, in full running-
order. The responsibility of the firm and the ex-
tent of their business may be inferred from the fact
that they erected the beautiful residences of Wells
W. Leggett, Joseph Black, Richard H. Fyfe, and
Thos. Nestor, on Woodward Avenue ; the residence
• of W. K. Muir on Jefferson Avenue ; St. Albertus
church on the corner of St. Aubin Avenue and
Canfield Street; St. Anne's new Church ; St. John's
Church and School, on the corner of Russell and
Chestnut Streets ; the beautiful Baptist Church on
the corner of Woodward Avenue and Winder
Street, and many business blocks and residences in
various parts of the city.

Mr. Spitzley was appointed Building Inspector by
Mayor Thompson, and gave great satisfaction while
he held the position. Other than this he has held
no public office, his large business interests prevent-
ing him from taking an active part in political
affairs.

He has five children, namely, Jacob H., who
superintends the buildings in course of erection by
the firm, Matilda, the wife of George W. Rice,
Pauline now Mrs. Ray W-. Jones, Josephine A., the
wife of Mr. P. Henry Toepp and Louisa who mar-
ried Augustus P.. Connor. The family is highly
esteemed, and is prominent in German society
circles.

JOHN V. RUEHLE was born in Baden, Ger-
many, September 4, 18 12, and is the son of John,
and Susan (Croneweth) Ruehle. He attended the
government schools until fourteen years of age,
and then commenced to learn the trade of a baker.
While thus employed he heard glowing accounts
of the greatness of America, and the opportunities
it offered a young man, and he was filled with a

1H4

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

restless desire to come to this country, and through
his persuasions his father, in 1832, was induced to
emigrate to America, coming direct to Detroit.
After his arrival here Mr. Ruehle worked three
years at his trade, and then settled in business for
himself. In 1836 he joined the old volunteer fire
department, serving as an active member until 1 844,
when he was elected to the Legislature on the
Democratic ticket.

During the years 1840 to 1842, he was a member
of the board of Aldermen, serving with such well-
known citizens as Jerry Moore, A. Ewers, P. J.
Desnoyers, Charles Moran, Chauncey Hurlbut and
W. F. Chittenden. In 1859 he was appointed by
the Common Council as a member of the Board of
Water Commissioners, and in 1880 was elected
one of the first Board of Boulevard Commis-
sioners.

His predilections lead him to take an active in-
terest in military affairs, and in 1841 he organized
the Scott Guards, and much against his wishes was
made captain. Subsequently, when the Frontier
Battalion was formed, he was elected major of that
body.

At the breaking out of the Mexican War he went
to Mexico as Major of the First Michigan, the only
complete regiment from the State. He served all
through the war, distinguishing himself by his
bravery and his soldierly qualities. After his return
home he went into the manufacture of soap and
candles, but had hardly gotten his business in good
condition when the Civil War began, and although
he had already shown his devotion to the land of
his adoption by serving through one war, he did
not hesitate, but quickly engaged in organizing the
Sixteenth Michigan, or what was better known as

Col. Stockton's Independent Regiment, and was
made Lieutenant-Colonel. On its arrival at Wash-
ington in 1 86 1, the regiment was assigned to Butter-
field's Brigade, Porter's Division, and Colonel Ruehle
participated in the stirring and desperate events of
the Seven Day's Retreat, taking part in the battles
of Mechanicsville, Hanover Court House, Gaines
Mill and Malvern Hill. In 1862, on account of ill-
health, he was obliged to resign while at Harrison's
Landing, and for the same reason in 1863 he removed
with his family to his farm in Hamtramck, where he
has since resided. Even in his retirement he was
followed by the esteem of his fellow-citizens, who
elected him Supervisor. He refused to accept this
office, but for fifteen years has held the position of
School Director.

The high esteem in which he is held is evidenced
by the many positions of trust which he has filled.
He is truly known as of the highest integrity and
honesty of purpose, and inspires all who come in
contact with him with confidence and respect, and
has always borne his honors with dignity and
modesty. He is firm in his convictions and self-
reliant in their execution, and his conduct has
always been characterized by the highest patriot-
ism. His love for his adopted country is only
equaled by the willlingness with which he sacrificed
everything in her behalf. His life has been crowned
with success, and his career is one to which he can
point with justifiable pride.

Colonel Ruehle was married in 1835 to Phoebe
Schneider, who was born in Bavaria, Germany. They
have had a family of eleven children, eight of whom
are now living, namely, John V. Jr., Edward F., Al-
bert E., Phoebe, Cornelia, Wilhelmina, Hattie and
Cecilia.

riisCv ' 1 f

J;V^1< '' '

m^

y "

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

1245

CHARLES A. LORMAN was born November
I, 1829, at Geisslingen an der Steig, a little village
resting at the foot of the Alps, in the kingdom
of Wiirtemberg, Germany. His father, Christian
Lohrman, was a blacksmith by trade, and his
mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Vetter,
was a native of Geisslingen, and a woman of superior
education and abilities. Charles A. Lorman was
educated in the town of his birth, attending school
until his fourteenth year, and receiving a good Ger-
man education and thorough courses in Latin and
French. After he left school, he went to learn the
cabinet-making trade, at which he remained until
his seventeenth year, when he left home, with knap-
sack on back and cane in hand, traveling through
different * countries, working at times at his trade,
until he finally arrived at Rotterdam, Holland.
From Rotterdam he started for America, passing
through London. England, and embarking in the
sailing ship " Prince Albert " for this country, where
he landed on August 9, 1849.

The first business that Mr. Lorman engaged in
after his arrival in Detroit was that of selling Yan-
kee notions and dry-goods. A man who had re-
turned from a trip to the country, was disgusted
with the business, and offered young Lorman his
horse, wagon and goods, for which the latter was
to pay when he had sold the goods. Mr. Lorman
quickly accepted the offer, and early one morning
started into the country, going out the Gratiot road.
It is of interest to note that the horse which Mr.
Lorman drove, afterwards cost General Brady his
life by running away, the latter having purchased
him a short time after Mr. Lorman's return from
the country.

Mr. Lorman next worked at the Mansion House
for a year, and also at the Commercial Hotel,
which was then under the management of B. S,
Farns worth. After that he traveled about con-
siderably, and we next find him penniless in New
Orleans, having spent all his money in his wander-
ings. He there hired out as a blacksmith on a
Mississippi steamboat, having picked up considerable
knowledge of that trade from his father. He next
shipped as a painter on a boat, but shortly after met
with a severe accident. On jumping from the
wheelhbuse to the deck he pierced his foot with a
nail, upturned through a board, and was laid up a
long time, under the care of his friend Mr. Winde-
lin Lochbiler of this city, who at that time was in
St. Louis. When able, he came back to Detroit,

and after working a short time for Mr. Farnsworth,
he went to Newport, now Marine City, where he
worked as a boat-joiner for E. B. Ward. At the
end of a year he returned to Detroit, and started a
shop for himself. He gave up this to take charge
of a small ice business belonging to Christopher
Reeves. This was the turning point in his career.
He soon gained a foothold in business, and with
Mr. Reeves* support, entered into a partnership,
under the firm name of McLees, Lorman & Co., the
company being a Mr. Harper, who was soon after
bought out by the other partners, and the firm
became McLees & Lorman. This partnership was
dissolved at the end of two years, and Mr. Lorman
started in business for himself, his first ice-house
being located at a point just south of the present
Belle Isle bridge. He has been engaged in the ice
business ever since, and now has the, largest trade
in Detroit.

Shortly after the erection of his first ice-house an
incident occurred which caused him no inconsider-
able expense. A boom of logs had been tied up in
front of his ice-house, shutting him out from imme-
diate access to the river. This gave much trouble
and also increased the expense of getting the ice
into the house. ^ Mr. Lorman protested to the owner
of the logs, but received no satisfaction, He then
brought suit for damages, borrowing the money
with which to start^the suit. Leading lawyers were
employed on both sides, and the case wal finally
decided by the Supreme Court in Mr. Lorman's
favor. This case has since become famous in the
history of the law of Michigan, for it was in the
decision of the case that the principle which governs
riparian ownership in Michigan and many other
States, was enunciated by the Supreme Court of this
State.

Personally Mr. Lorman is a man of much energy
and determination. Frequently confronted in his
career by almost insuperable obstacles, he bravely
met them, and his present prosperous condition
shows with what success he overcame them. His
genial, approachable disposition has made for him
numerous friends from whom he receives support
and encouragement. He is upright and strict in
his business methods, and in commercial circles
stands high.

He was married on December 31, 1857. to Miss
Jeannette Linn, of Detroit. They have six children,
Jennie, Caroline, Flora, Jessie, Carl, and Robert.

PART XIV.

TOWNSHIP AND BIOGRAPHICAL.

CHAPTER CXVI I I.

TOWNSHIPS— ORCxANIZATION, OFFICERS, AND BIOGRAPHICAL.

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP.

The Township was first created by Act of April
12, 1827, and included all of Town 4 South,
Range 10 East and fractional Township 5 South,
Range ten East. By Act of February 16, 1842.
Section i and the East half of Sections 11, 12, 13,
14, 23, 24, 25 and 26 of Town 4 South, Range 10
East, were detached and added to the township of
Monguagon.

The township was named after Adam Brown who
when a lad was captured by the Indians at Green-
brier, in Virginia. He was a brother of General
Brown of that commonwealth, but grew to manhood
among the Indians married an Indian woman, and
was always highly respected for his upright life.

The first township meeting of Brownstown was
held at the house of John Sturgis on the last Mon-
day in May, 1827. Jacob Knox was chosen
Moderator and Seth Dunham, Clerk. The follow-
ing officers were elected : Supervisor, Moses Roberts ;
Clerk, James Vreeland ; Assessors, Jacob Knox,
Wm. Hazard, D. Smith ; Highway Commissioners,
Elias Vreeland, Wm. Fletcher, Isaac Tyler ; Con-
stable and Collector, Truman Bearss ; Overseers of
the Poor, Arthur Ruark, Garret Vreeland ; Fence
Viewers, Hiram A. Hecox, Claude Campau, Wm.
Fletcher, Jason Thurston, John Conrad, Thomas
Lang ; Overseers of Highways, Isaac Tyler, George
Clark, Hiram A. Hecox; Pound Keeper, Isaac
Tyler.

The officers since elected have been as follows :

1 828. Supervisor, Seth Dunham ; Clerk, James
Vreeland ; Assessors, Jacob Knox, Marshal Bron-
son, Adna Hecox ; Road Commissioners, Isaac
Tyler, Claude Campau, Wm. Hazard ; Overseers of
the Poor, David Smith, Truman Bearss ; Overseers
of Highways, Isaac Tyler, David Smith; Fence
Viewers, James Felt, Benj. F. Knapp, Truman
Bearss.

1829. Supervisor, Seth Dunham ; Clerk, James
Vreeland; Assessors, Adna Hecox, D. C. Vree-
land, Claude Campau; Overseers of the Poor,
Michael Vreeland, Adna Hecox, Constable and
Collector, Hiram A. Hecox; Constable, John
Stanton.

1830. Supervisor, Gardner Brown ; Clerk, James
Vreeland ; Assessors, D. C. Vreeland, Jacob Knox,

Abel Aspenwall ; Road Commissioners, Elias Vree-
land, Jacob Knox ; Directors of the Poor, James
Sutliff, David Smith, D. C. Vreeland, Claude Cam-
pau, Isaac A. Combes ; Treasurer, James Vreeland ;
Constable and Collector, John Forbes.

1831. Supervisor, D. C. Vreeland ; Clerk, James
Vreeland ; Highway Commissioners, Isaac A.
Combes, B. F. Knapp, Elias Vreeland ; Assessors,
Isaac A. Combes, James Clark, Garret Vreeland ;
Poor Director, Isaac A. Combes ; Treasurer, James
Vreeland ; Constable and Collector, John Forbes.

1832. Supervisor, David Smith ; Clerk, James
Vreeland ; Assessors, Isaac A. Combes, D. C. Vree-
land, Claude Campau ; Highway Commissioners,
Claude Campau, Elias Vreeland, Augustus Button ;
School Inspectors, Dr. Kimball, David Smith, James
Vreeland, B. F. Knapp, Augustus Button ; Poor
Director, Isaac A. Combes.

1833. Supervisor, John Forbes; Clerk, James
Vreeland ; Assessors, D. C. Vreeland, Claude Cam-
pau, B. F. Knapp ; Highway Commissioners, Claude
Campau, B. F. Knapp ; Elias Vreeland ; Poor Di-
rector, Isaac A. Combes ; Treasurer, David Smith ;
Constable and Collector, Wm. Munger.

1834. Supervisor, John Forbes; Clerk, James
Vreeland ; Assessors, Stephen Mawmawsaw ; Dan-
iel C. Vreeland ; Isaac A. Combes ; Highway Com-
missioners, Charles McCloud, John Smith, Stephen
Mawnawsaw ; Constable and Coilector, John C.
Vanriper ; Constable, Wm. Munger ; Poor Direc-
tors, Peleg T. Clark, James Vanriper.

^^,1835. Supervisor, Thomas Harryman ; Clerk,
James Vreeland ; Assessors, Peleg T. Clark,
Stephen Mawnawsaw, John Conrad ; Highway
Commissioners, Augustus Button, David Smith,
Claude Campau ; Constable and Collector, Rens-
selaer Wallace ; Constable, Vincent Conrad.

1836. Supervisor, Thomas Harryman; Clerk,
John L. Near; Assessors, John L. Forbes, John
Clark, Sr., John Conrad; Highway Commissioners,
Augustus Button, Isaac A. Combes, Daniel C.
Vreeland ; Poor Directors, David Smith, Cornelius
Van Horn ; Collector, Rensselaer Wallace ; Con-
stables, Rensselear Wallace, Benj. F. Knapp;
School Inspectors, John L. Near, Peleg T. Clark,
Russell Ransom, Charles F. Irwin, Augustus But-

[1247]

1248

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP—ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

ton ; Justice of, the Peace, Russel Ransom, for one
year ; Nathaniel Case, for two years ; John Forbes,
for three years ; and Claude Campau, for one
year.

1837. Supervisor, John Forbes; Clerk, John L.
Near; Assessors, Augustus Button, James Vree-
land, B. S. Hicks ; Highway Commissioners,
Thomas Harryman, Leaman Bronson, Claude Cam-
pau ; Overseers of the Poor, John Clark, C. Van
Horn ; School Inspectors, James Grieve, Jesse A.
Dearborn, Nathaniel Case ; Constables, R. Wallace,
B. F. Knapp, Ransom Curtis ; Collector, R.
Wallace ; Justice of the Peace, John Clark, Jr.

1838. Supervisor, John Forbes ; Clerk, John L.
Near ; Assessors, B. S. Hicks, C. Van Horn, Peter
Navarre ; Highway Commissioners, Thomas Harry-
man, Leamen Bronson, John Cook ; Justice of the
Peace, Alman Dunbar ; Collector, Rensselaer
Wallace ; Constables, R. Wallace, B. F. Knapp, C.
P. Waterman, P. B. Smith, Ransom Curtiss ; Poor
Directors, John Clark, Garret Vreeland ; School
Inspectors, H. P. Van Cleve, John L. Near, James
Grieve.

1839. Supervisor, John Forbes ; Clerk, John L.
Near; Justices of the Peace, Daniel Barnes,
Civilian Morse ; Assessors, Henry Van Riper, Alva

.T. Armstrong, B. S. Hicks; Highway Commis-
sioners, Daniel C. Vreeland, Thomas Harryman.
Leamen Bronson ; Collector, Ransom Curtiss ;
Constables, Jacob Loss, B. F. Knapp, John M. Al-
vord, Ransom Curtiss ; Treasurer, John Forbes ;
Poor Directors, B. S, Hicks. D. C. Vreeland ;
School Inspectors, John L. Near, James Grieve,
John Cook.

1840. Supervisor, John Cook; Clerk, John L.
Near ; Assessors, James Van Riper, Jr , Benj. F.
Knapp, B. S. Hicks; Highway Commissioners,
Thomas Harryman, Wm. Milliman, Alexander
Wallace ; Justices of the Peace, Russell Ransom,
Wm. Button, Wm. Busenbark ; Collector, Ransom
Curtiss; Treasurer, John Cook; Poor Directors, B.
S. Hicks, D. C. Vreeland ; School Inspectors, John
L. Near, Augustus Button, Henry Woodruff ; Con-
stables, Ransom Curtiss, David Wallace, Charles
Conrad, David Milliman.

1 84 1. Supervisor, Thomas Harryman; Clerk,
John L. Near ; Assessors, James Van Riper, Jr.,
Stephen Webster, Charles F. Conrad ; Highway
Commissioners, Leaman Bronson, B. F. Woodruff,
Wm. Milliman ; Justices of the Peace, B. S. Hicks,
Augustus Button, Ezra Coan : Collector, Alexander
Wallace ; School Inspectors, John L. Near, Russell
Ransom, Henry Woodruff; Poor Directors, John
Clark, D. C. Vreeland ; Treasurer, Thomas Harry-
man ; Constables, Alexander Wallace, David Milli-
man, R. Curtiss, Wm. Aspinwall.

1842. Supervisor,- Thomas Harryman; Clerk,

Daniel C. Vreeland ; Assessors, John Forbes, James
Van Riper, Jr.; Highway Commissioners, Eli Kellogg,
Samuel Hendricks, Benj. F. Woodruff ; Treasurer,
Alexander Wallace ; Justices of the Peace, Alanson
Parsons, Joseph Selden ; Poor Directors, John
Clark, Ransom Curtiss ; School Inspectors, John
Cook, John L. Near, Rensselaer Wallace ; Con-
stables, A. Wallace, Wm. B. Hitchcock, Lewis
Strong, Selah Dustin.

1843. Supervisor, Thomas Harryman; Clerk,
Daniel C. Vreeland ; Assessors, John Forbes, James
Van Riper, Jr.; Justices of the Peace, Leaman
Bronson ; Treasurer, Alexander Wallace ; Highway
Commissioners, Benj. F. Woodruff, Chas. F. Con-
rad, Geo. A. Hitchcock ; School Inspectors, John
L. Near, E. W. Stoddard ; Poor Directors. D. C.
Vreeland, Lewis Moores ; Constables, R. Curtiss,
Lewis vStrong, Alexander Wallace, Miles B. Coon.

1844. Supervisor, Daniel C. Vreeland ; Clerk,
Geo. W. Moore ; Assessors, James Van Riper,
George Carson ; Justice of the Peace, Russell Ran-
som ; Treasurer, Wm. Munger ; Highway Com-
missioners, E. W. Stoddard, Abner Wood, Claude
Campau ; School Inspector, E. W. Stoddard ; Poor
Directors, D C. Vreeland. George A. Hitchcock ;
Constables, Fred. S. Conrad, Alex. Wallace, Lewis
Titus, Wm B. Hitchcock.

1845. Supervisor, Horatio P. Van Cleve ; Clerk,
John L. Near ; Justice of the Peace, Daniel C.
Vreeland; Treasurer, Wm. B, Hitchcock; High-
way Commissioners, Amasa Strong, Elias Vree-
land, Geo. Busenbark; School Inspector, Horatio
P. Van Cleve ; Poor Directors, John Forbes, A.
Wallace; Constables, John Smith, A. Wallace, J.
Vreeland, M B. Coon.

1846. Supervisor, John Forbes; Clerk, John L.
Near ; Justices of the Peace, Benj. F. Woodruff,
Walter McFarlane ; Assessors, B. F. Knapp, E. W.
Stoddard; Treasurer, Wm. J. Duddleson ; High-
way Commissioners, George A. Hitchcock, John
Miller, Amasa Strong ; School Inspectors, E. W.
Stoddard, John Cook ; Poor Directors, Simon Rum-
sey, B. F. Knapp ; Constables, Alex Wallace, Wm.
J. Duddleson, D. Wallace, Jarvis Van Cleve.

1847. Supervisor, Joseph Selden; Clerk, Henry
Woodruff ; Treasurer, Timothy Stiles ; Justice of
the Peace, John Smith ; Assessors, D. C. Vreeland,
Wm. J. Duddleson; Poor Directors, James Van
Riper, Ransom Curtiss ; Highway Commissioners,
for one year, Walter McFarlane, Jr., for two years,
George A. Hitchcock, for three years, Ezra Coon;
School Inspector, John F. Peters; Constables,
James Van Riper, James Vreeland, Wm. B. Hitch-
cock, Lewis Strong.

1848. Supervisor, John Forbes; Clerk, John L
Near ; Treasurer, Abner Wood ; Justice of the
Peace, Wm. J. Duddleson ; Assessors, Daniel Lit-

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1249

tletield, Walter McFarlane, Jr.; Highway Commis-
sioners, Joseph Selden, Hiram Blakely ; Poor Di-
rectors, R. Curtiss, D. Littlefield ; School Inspector,
E. W. Stoddard ; Constables, Wm. B. Hitchcock,
Benj. F. Knapp, D. Wallace, D. Littlefield

1849. Supervisor, John Cook; Clerk, Thomas
N. Thompson ; Treasurer, Eli Kellogg ; Justice of
the Peace, Jonathan Metcalf ; Assessors, Joseph
Viles, Joseph Selden ; Highway Commissioner,
Abner Hard ; School Inspector, John A. Peters ;
Poor Directors, John Forbes, Jacob Miller ; Con-
stables, Orson W. Bruce, D. Littlefield, John Eldred,
John W. Van Riper.

1850. Supervisor, Benjamin F. Knapp; Clerk,
C. G. Littlefield ; Treasurer, Emanuel Lewis ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Cornelius Van Riper ; Assessors,
Hiram Blakely, Nicholas W. Van Riper ; Highway
Commissioners, Stephen Mawnawsaw, James Van
Riper ; School Inspector, Thomas N. Thompson ;
Poor Directors, Jacob Miller, Garret Garretson ;
Constables, J. C. Van Riper, John W. Van Riper,
John Eldred, Garret Garretson,

185 1. Supervisor, John L. Near; Clerk, Vincent
Y. Penoyar ; Treasurer, Emanuel Lewis ; Justice
of the Peace, George Carson, Claude Campau ; As-
sessors, N. W. Van Riper, B. F. Knapp ; Highway
Commissioners, Abner Wood, Hiram Blakely;
Overseers of the Poor, Russell Ransom, John L.
Near ; School Inspector, R. B. Murray ; Constables,
John Eldred, B. F. Knapp, John P. Reeve, George
Langs.

1852. Supervisor. George Carson; Clerk, Vin-
cent Y. Penoyar ; Treasurer, Stephen Mawnawsaw ;
Justices of the Peace, Wm. J. Duddleson, Ransom
Curtiss; Highway Commissioner, Thomas S.
Pattee ; Assessors, Wm. J. Duddleson, Samuel
Stewart ; Poor Directors, John Forbes, Ransom
Curtiss ; School Inspector, John Cook ; Constables,
John W. Van Riper, John Eldred, B F. Knapp,
Garret Garretson.

1853.. Supervisor, George Carson; Clerk, Vin-
cent Y. Penoyar ; Treasurer, Stephen Mawnawsaw;
Justice of the Peace, John Metcalf, John M. Alvord ;
Highway Commissioner, John L Near ; Assessors,
John W. Carson, Samuel Stewart ; School Inspec-
tors, John M. Thompson ; Poor Directors, Garret
Garretson, C. Van Riper ; Constables, Garret Gar-
retson, Henry Mawnawsaw, George Langs, John
W. Van Riper.

1854. Supervisor, Benjamin F. Knapp ; Clerk,
George W. Frasier ; Treasurer, John W. Van
Riper ; Justice of the Peace, John L. Near ; High-
way Commissioner, Abner Wood ; School Inspec-
tor, R. B. Murray ; Poor Directors, Garret Garret-
son, C. Van Riper ; Constables, Henry Mawnaw-
saw, John W. Van Riper, George Langs, Edward
Ramsdell.

1855. Supervisor, R. B. Murray; Clerk, Oscar
W. Bruce, C. G. Littlefield, each part of a year ;
Justice of the Peace, George Carson ; Treasurer,
John W. Van Riper ; Highway Commissioner,
Joseph Van Horn ; School Inspector; Joseph Pier-
son ; Poor Directors, Garret Garretson, B. F.
Knapp ; Constables, E. C. Ramsdell, Tunis Van
Cleve, John W. Van Riper, Henry Mawnawsaw.

1856. Supervisor, Benj. F. Knapp ; Clerk, W.
S. Morey ; Treasurer, John W. Van Riper; High-
way Commissioner, John N. Hitchcock ; School In-
spector, R. B. Murray; Poor Directors, Garret
Garretson, E. C Ramsdell ; Justice of the Peace,
J. M. Alvord; Constables, O B. Alford, E. C.
Ramsdell, Tunis Van Cleve, E. Galpin.

1857. Supervisor, John W. Van Riper; Clerk,
Garret Garretson, Jr ; Treasurer, Seth Jones ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Garret Garretson, Sr.; Highway
Commissioner, Alexander Parsons ; School Inspec-
tor, Vincent Y. Penoyar ; Poor Directors, Moses
Rumsey, Adrian Van Riper; Constables, Titus
Van Cleve, Edson Montoyne, Enoch Seton, James
Vreeland.

1858. Supervisor, Benj. F. Knapp ; Clerk, Free-
land Garretson ; Treasurer, Seth Jones ; Justice of
the Peace, Vincent Y. Penoyar; Highway Com-
missioner, Stephen Mawnawsaw ; School Inspector,
Joseph A. Pierson ; Poor Directors, T. A. Arm-
strong, Joseph Van Horn; Constables, Isaac
Navarre, Edson Montoyne, Tunis Van Cleve,
Evelin Galpen.

1859. Supervisor, John W. Hitchcock; Clerk,
Freeland Garretson ; Treasurer, G. Garretson ;
Justice of the Peace, George Carson ; School In-
spector, Hiram W. Lobdell ; Overseers of the Poor,
Moses Rumsey, Thos A. Armstrong; Highway
Commissioner, A. Broadrick ; Constables, James
Hooks, James Vreeland, Benj. Pierson, O. B.
Alfred.

i860. Supervisor, John W. Hitchcock; Clerk,
Willet S. Morey; Treasurer, John H Peters; Jus-
tice of the Peace, John Miller ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Benj. F. Knapp ; School Inspector, Jacob

E. Vreeland ; Overseers of the Poor, Josiah Chase,
Ransom Curtiss ; Constables, Orson W. Bruce,
Benj Alford, James Vreeland, Elisha Anson.

1 86 1. Supervisor, John W. Van Riper; Clerk,

F. Garretson; Treasurer, A. A. Van Riper; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J. A. Pierson; School Inspector,
Seward Vreeland ; Highway commissioner, Joseph
H. Hanchet ; Overseers of the Poor, Josiah Chase,
Lewis Vreeland ; Constables, W. L. Walters,
Evelin Galpin, Elisha Anson, Benj. Alfred.

1862. Supervisor, John W. Van Riper; Clerk,
F. Garretson; Treasurer, A. A. Van Riper; Jus-
tice of the Peace, John Cone ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. B. Van Horn; School Inspector, H. W.

I250

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Lobdell ; Overseers of the Poor, Josiah Chase,
Jacob Miller ; Constables, David Milliman, James
Vreeland, Frank Springstead, John Loss.

1863. Supervisor, John W. Van Riper; Clerk,
Freeland Garretson ; Treasurer, A. A. Van Riper ;
Justice of the Peace, George Carson; School In-
spector, Cornelius Hunger; Highway Commis-
sioners, Moses Rumsey, Jacob Miller; Directors
of the Poor, Cornelius Holstein, Josiah Chase; Con-
stables, John P. Reeves, James Hooks, Frank
Springstead, Robert Navarre.

1864 Supervisor, J. W. Van Riper; Clerk, M.
J. Vreeland ; Treasurer, E. W. Parsons ; Justices of
the Peace, A. Hosmer, Jr , A. Marandett ; School
Inspector, J A. Pierson ; Highway Commissioner,

Guilfoil ; Poor Directors, Josiah Chase,

Moses Rumsey ; Constables, Jesse Dowling, M.
Pruyee, Conrad Pierson, Evelin Galpin.

1865. Supervisor, John N. Hitchcock; Clerk,
Cyrus Stiles ; Treasurer, Marcus Warden ; Justice
of the Peace, Romeyn B. Murray, W. J. Duddleson,
Benj. F. Woodruff ; Highway Commissioners, John
Lindsley, Joseph Van Horn ; School Inspector, Irv-
ing T. Wood ; Poor Directors, James Gait, Austin
Fay ; Constables, Henry F. Long, John Loss, Lewis
Chandler, Oliver B. Alford.

1866. Supervisor, John N. Hitchcock; Clerk,
Cyrus Stiles ; no further record of officers obtain-
able as the record is destroyed.

1867. Supervisor, John N. Hitchcock ; Clerk,
Arthur E. Boylan ; Treasurer, James H. Hitch-
cock ; Justice of the Peace, John G. Carson ; High-
way Commissioners, Joseph Van Horn, John Col-
lard ; Poor Directors, James Gault, Sylvester D.
Bates; School Inspector, Irving T. Wood; Con-
stables, Edward C. Ramsdell, George Hitchcock,
Daniel Bentley, Herman Alford.

1868. Supervisor, Benj. F. Knapp ; Clerk, S. S.
Potter ; Treasurer, James H. Hitchcock ; Justice of
the Peace, Herman Alford ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Samuel Boyer; School Inspector, Andrew
Miller ; Poor Directors, Sylvester Bates, James
Gault ; Constables, Edward C. Ramsdell, Henry
Terwilliger, S^vester Stoddard, Daniel Bently.

1869. Supervisor, Wm. H. Hooper; Clerk, Al-
bert Hosmer, Jr.; Treasurer, Benj. W. Pierson ;
Justice of the Peace, Joseph A. Pierson ; Highway
Commissioner, Henry C. Hendricks ; School In-
spector, Charles Stoflet ; Poor Directors, James
Gault, Barzaleal Clago ; Constables, Wm. B.
Hitchcock, Samuel Hanchet, Tunis Van Cleve,
Charles T. Clark.

1870. Supervisor, William Stoflet; Clerk, Free-
land Garretson ; Justice of the Peace, Irwin T.
Wood ; Highway Commissioner, Lorant Bondy,
John Collard ; School Inspector, Barzaleal Clago ;
Poor Directors, James Gault, Stephen Mawnawsaw;

Constables, Frank Blakely, Sylvester Stoddard,
Jesse Doling, Charles Merrell.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Wm. Stoflet; Clerk, Wm. S.
Vreeland ; Treasurer, Enoch Seaton ; Justice* of
the Peace, John G. Carson ; School Inspector,
Andrew Miller ; Drain Commissioner, James Camp-
bell ; Highway Commissioner, Tunis Van Cleve ;
Overseers of the Poor, James Gault, Wm. Chase ;
Constables, Franklin Blakely, John Brown, Wm. B.
Hitchcock, Benj. Alford.

1872. Supervisor, Wm. Stoflet ; Clerk, Edwin
Ransom ; Treasurer, Clinton D. Peters ; Justice of
the Peace, M. J. Vreeland ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Henry Harryman ; Drain Commissioner,
James Campbell ; School Inspectors, Barzaleal
Clago, B. F. Woodruff ; Poor Directors, Barton
Van Horn, Samuel Chase ; Constables, Jacob E.
Vreeland, F. H. Blakely, Tunis Van Cleve.

1873. Supervisor, Wm. Stoflet ; Clerk, Freeland
Garretson ; Treasurer, Wm. F. Stoflet ; Justices of
the Peace, Jacob E. Vreeland, Seth C. Hanchet ;
Highway Commissioner, Thomas D. Cooke ; Drain
Commissioner, J, P. Reed ; School Inspector, Syl-
vester D. Bates ; Poor Directors, James Gault,
Barton Van Horn ; Constables, Frank H. Blakely,
Wm. B. Hitchcock, Wm. Stead, Tunis Van Cleve ;
Sylvester Bates, declining to qualify as school In-
spector, B. F. Woodruff was appointed.

1874. Supervisor, Wm. Stoflet ; Clerk, F. Gar-
retson ; Treasurer, Wm. F. Stoflet ; Justices of the
Peace, Irving T. Wood, John J. Miller ; Highway
Commissioner, George McDonald ; Drain Commis-
sioner, B. Clago ; School Inspectors, John G. Car-
son, A. J. Montgomery ; Poor Directors, Samuel
Chase, Henry Jones ; Constables, Wm. E. Bige-
low, Samuel Bailey, Daniel D. Bently, Frederick
Lafleur.

1875. Supervisor, John Wood ; Clerk, Curtis
L. Mettler ; Treasurer, Wm. F. Stoflet ; Justice
of the Peace, George Carson ; Superintendent
of Schools, J. B. Reed ; Highway Commissioner,
Samuel Hendricks ; Drain Commissioner, John
Morrison ; School Inspector, Morand Thompson ;
Poor Directors, Samuel Chase, Tunis Van Cleve ;
Constables, F. H. Blakely, Fred. Lafleur, Jacob E.
Rupert, Charles Springstead.

1876. Supervisor, Samuel Hendricks; Clerk,
Albert W. Wager ; Treasurer, Charles W. Butler ;
Justice of the Peace, Peter E. Williams ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, J. P. Reed ; Highway Commis-
sioner, George McDonald; Drain Commissioner,
Barton Van Horn ; School Inspector, Thomas D.
Cooke ; Poor Directors, Samuel Chase, Enoch
Langs; Constables, Thomas Brown, Jacob E.
Rupert, F. H. Blakely, John R. Hulbert.

1877. Supervisor, Samuel T. Hendricks ; Clerk,
Arthur K. Wager ; Treasurer, Charles W. Butler ;

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1251

Justice of the Peace, Freeland Garretson ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, A. T. Montgomery ; Highway
Commissioner, Henry Jones ; Drain Commissioner,
John Groh ; School Inspector, Morand Thompson ;
Constables, Samuel Smith, Wm. E. Bigelow, Rich-
ard Brown, John R. Hulbert.

1878. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stofiet ; Clerk,
Robert Wells ; Treasurer, Nelson F. Olmstead ;
Justices of the Peace, Herman Alford, Daniel
Brown ; Superintendent of Schools, Freeland Gar-
retson ; School Inspector, Wm. Carson ; Highway
Commissioner, Robert Brighton ; Drain Commis-
sioner, Ezra I. Guilfoy; Constables, Wm. E. Bige-
low, Charles Stoup, Wm. Milliman, John Hulbert.

1879. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stofiet ; Clerk, Cor-
nelius G. Hunger ; Treasurer, Nelson F. Olmstead ;
Justice of the Peace, George McDonald ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, F. Garretson ; School Inspector,
D. H. Gregory ; Highway Commissioner, Robert
Brighton ; Drain Commissioner, John Groh ; Con-
stables, John D. Loss, F. Dowling, Charles Spring-
stead, Wm. Milliman.

1880. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stofiet; Clerk,
Arthur K. Wagar ; Treasurer, John P. Reeves ;
Justice of the Peace, James Parsons ; Superintend-
ent of Schools, John Collins ; School Inspector,
Wm. H. Stoddard : Highway Commissioner, Cor-
nelius Collins ; Drain Commissioner, Alexander
Marantett ; Constables. Wm. Milliman, E. Milli-
man, Spencer Langdon, Elliot Gray.

1881. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stofiet; Clerk,
Arthur K. Wagar ; Treasurer, John P. Reeves ;
Justices of the Peace, F. Garretson, Wm. Maynard ;
Highway Commissioner, George McDonald ; Super-
intendent of Schools, Wm. H. Stoddard ; School
Inspector, Daniel H. Gregory ; Constables, Wm.
Milliman, T. M. Hunger, Edward E. Milliman,
Wm. Dwyer.

1882. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stoflet ; Clerk, J. C.
Van Riper ; Treasurer, A. R. Reading ; Justice of
the Peace, Irving T. Wood ; School Inspectors,
Thos. D. Cooke, two years, Wm. Spedding, one
year ; Highway Commissioner, N. F. Olmstead ;
Drain Commissioner, W. Clago ; Constables, Wm.
Milliman, Thos. M. Hunger, Wm. Dwyer, Ed.
Milliman

1883. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stoflet; Clerk, Jos.
A. B. Wolven; Treasurer, Andrew Reading; Jus-
tice of the Peace, George McDonald ; Highway
Commissioner, Nelson F. Olmstead ; School In-
spector, Wm. Spedding; Constables, Edward
Milliman, John J. Loss, William Milliman, Thomas
M. Hunger.

1884. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stoflet; Clerk,
Charles W, Langs ; Treasurer, John P. Reed ;
Justice of the Peace, Cornelius Springstead ; High-
way Commissioner, Wesley B. Littlefield ; Drain

Commissioner, Edward Milliman ; School Inspec-
tors, Freeland Garretson, Thomas D. Cooke ; Con-
stables, Thomas M. Hunger, Wm. Hilliman, John
Brown, Frederick Dowling.

1885. Supervisor, Wm. F. Stoflet; Clerk,
Joseph A. Pierson ; Treasurer, John P. Reed;
Justices of the Peace, Freeland Garretson, James
Parsons ; Highway Commissioner, Napoleon Val-
rance ; School Inspector, John Collins ; Constables,
Thomas H. Hunger, Paulete Valekat, Edward Sul-
livan, John HcCourt, Jr.

1886. Supervisor, Andrew R. Reading; Clerk,
Joseph A. Pierson ; Treasurer, J. P. Reed ; Justices
of the Peace, Irving T. Wood, John H. Lobdell ;
Highway Commissioner, Napolean Valrance ;
Drain Commissioner, George HcDonald ; School
Inspector, Thomas D. Cooke ; Constables, Spencer
Langdon, Wm. Milliman, Frank Springstead, Lewis
Girard

1887. Supervisor, Andrew R. Reading; Clerk,
Wm. Speicher ; Treasurer, J. P. Reed ; Justice of
the Peace, Royal Smith; School Inspector, Willet
S. Morey; Constables, W. B. Littlefield, Wm. Hilli-
man, Walter Clago, Isaac Navarre.

1888 Supervisor, A. R. Reading; Clerk, Wm.
Speicher; Treasurer, Ira S. Miller; Justice of the
Peace, Wm. Spears ; Highway Commissioner, Wm.
Milliman ; Drain Commissioner, George HcDonald ;
School Inspector, Thomas D. Cooke ; Constables,
Wesley B. Littlefield, Wm. Hilliman. W. H. Stod-
dard, Lewis Strong.

1889. Supervisor, Andrew R. Reading; Clerk,
John L. Near ; Treasurer, Ira S. Hiller ; Justice of
the Peace, Thos. D. Cooke ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Walter Clago ; School Inspector, W. S.
Horey ; Constables, W. B. Littlefield, N. Valrance,
E. Dennison, V. Van Cleve.

1890. Supervisor, J. P. Reed; Clerk, Wm.
Speicher; Treasurer, A. W. Wagar; School In-
spector, F. Garretson ; Justice of the Peace, F. T.
Bondy ; Justice of the Peace, to fill vacancy, G. W.
HcDonald ; Highway Commissioner, Walter Clago;
Drain Commissioner, James Hathewson ; Con-
stable, HcGlora Hawnawsaw.

POPULATION.

The population of the township in various
decades has been as follows: In 1850, 1025. In
i860, 1380. In 1870, 2037. In 1880, 2567. The
valuation of the township at various periods has
been as follo\\s: 1840, $155,488; 1850, $63,601;
i860, $133,390; 1870, $217,620; 1880, $804,897.

SCHOOLS.

The number of scholars in the township in 1846,
was 215, and in other years as follows : 1850, 328 ;
i860, 530; 1872,780; 1880,930; 1888, 868.

1252

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

In 1889, there was a total of ten school-houses
costing $19,675, with a seating capacity of 901 ; 668
pupils were enrolled with an average attendance of
502. The school libraries contained 1783 volumes.

INDIANS AND TREATIES.

Primarily of course the land was in possession of
the Indians, and by treaties of 1785, 1795, and 1807,
they conveyed to the United States all the land they
possessed in Wayne County. By Act of February
28, 1809, Congress conveyed back to, or reserved
for the Indians two tracts of land including the
two Indian villages of Brownstown and Maguaga.
By treaty of September 20, 18 18, the Wyandotte
Indians again ceded their rights to these tracts
and in lieu thereof were granted 4996 acres in what
is now Huron township,

Early in the century the two leading chiefs of the
Wyandottes in Michigan were named. Roundhead
and Walk-in-the- Water. The former lived at the
main Wyandotte village, which was where Gibraltar
is now located ; the latter at what is now Wyandotte.
These two chiefs took opposite sides during the
war of 1 81 2, or rather Walk-in-the- Water took a
neutral position, while Roundhead was active in
furthering the interests of the British, as was also
Chief Warrow, who was leading chief of the
Wyandottes, on the Canada side of the Detroit
river. Blue Jacket was the name of another im-
portant Wyandotte chief. He possessed much
mental vigor, owned a large tract of land and in
his latter years lived in much the same manner as
his white neighbors

As early as the year 1800, there was an Indian
village near the mouth of the Detroit river, on the
American side, known as Brownstown, and during
the war of 181 2, a severe battle was fought there.
It should be remembered that this Indian village of
Brownstown was east of the later, and present
village of Flat Rock, formerly called Brownstown.
The Indian village occupied land that would now
be described as on Section 2 of Town 5 South,
Range 10 East.

STREAMS AND NAMES.

Many of the streams in the county have lost their
original names, and even the streams, in many
cases have disappeared by reason of the hundreds
of drainage ditches, which have been dug in the
various townships. Some of these in part follow
the routes of old streams and in other cases an en-
tirely new drainage route has been selected ; and
the bed of the original stream has been filled with
dirt from a new ditch.

Brownstown Creek was of course named from the
township through which it flows. Huron River the
largest stream in the county perpetuates the name

of the old Indian tribe. Muddy Creek has a name
that indicates its own significance. Silver Creek
was so named because of its bright and silvery ap-
pearance.

In the extreme N. E. quarter of Section 32 on
the Thomas Quirk farm, there is a sulphur spring,
which has been flowing since the recollections of
the oldest settler, converting the adjoining land
into a swamp. The spring will probably be utilized
at an early day in connection with a health resort,
as it is the largest in the State.

CEMETERIES.

The Flat Rock burial ground was deeded to the
public in 1835, by Elias and Nancy Vreeland ; and
is located on Section 31, Town 4 South, Range 10
East, about half a mile northeast of the village. The
lots therein are free to all, the expense of the taking
care of the grounds being raised by contribution.
The cemetery contains one and one-third acres
About two miles northeast of Flat Rock, on the
Rumsey farm, there is a burial ground known as
the Rumsey burying ground, which has been used
for over fifty years. About ten years ago J. R.
Vreeland laid out a cemetery about a mile north of
Rumsey 's, and for some thirty years a cemetery
known as the Van Horn cemetery has been located
just southwest of Trenton. A Protestant cemetery,
just out of Gibraltar, has been in use for about
forty years, and the Catholic grounds near by for
ten years.

FLAT ROCK, FORMERLY BROWNSTOWN.

This village lies on the Huron River on Section
31 of Towm 4 South, Range 10 East, and on the line
of the Detroit Branch of the L. S. & M. S. Rail-
road, which was opened in 1873.

The site of the village was originally platted in
1834, as Vreeland, by Jacob Vreeland. By Act of
March 6, 1838, the name was changed to Flat
Rock, the Post-office, however, for many years was
known as Brownstown. In its earliest days the
locality was known as " Smooth Rock," and in
common with all the earlier villages of Michigan, it
possessed anticipations of brilliant commercial
prosperity.

An Act of April 3, 1838, incorporated the Gibral-
tar and Flat Rock Compaay, which was to be com-
posed of B. B. Kercheval, Joshua Howard, Phineas
Davis, Enoch Jones, James H. Forsyth, Peter God-
frey, Harry Conant, Charles Noble, and such others
as chose to associate with them. The company
was incorporated for the purpose of " building a
city at the mouth of the Detroit river, and at Flat
Rock, on the river Huron, and for the purpose of im-
proving the harbor of Gibraltar at the mouth of the
Detroit river." The Act also authorized the com-

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1253

pany to erect " piers, wharves, warehouses, and other
necessary buildings and improvements, and to con-
nect the village of Flat Rock by a canal with the
City of Gibraltar." It was also authorized to con-
struct a branch canal from Gibraltar to Ypsilanti.
By a supplementary Act of April 17, 1839, they
were empowered to increase their capital to one
million dollars. The company actually expended
about $100,000 on these projects but the canal was
never completed or used.

In 1838, the village of Flat Rock had four stores,
two saw mills, a flour mill, and about 250 inhabi-
tants. Within two years after, the canal project was
entirely dead, and the hopes of its projectors had
vanished. The population in 1880, was 373. There
is a very well conducted school in a substantial
brick building which cost |i 2,000, and there is also
a public hall seating about 1,000.

The Huron Valley Mill at Flat Rock, was built
in 1838, by Jacob and Curran Vreeland, and re-
mained in their family until November, 1871, when
it was purchased by M. H. Mettler, it is a fifty
barrel mill with two run of stone and apparatus of
the roller process. The Flat Rock Mills, built in
1858, by J. A. B. Wolvin, were sold by him to
Stile & Wallace, and by them sold to Redding &
Near, in 1868. They were purchased in October,
1 87 1, by G. W. Mettler & Son, and by them oper-
ated for custom work. Both mills obtain power
from the Huron river, and there is an abundance of
water power which as yet has not been utilized.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church may be properly called the successor
of the Huron or Wyandotte Mission. This mission
was originally organized for the benefit of the
Wyandotte Indians, who lived on a reservation on
the Huron river, just west of the present village of
Flat Rock. The following account of a visit by the
Rev. J. B. Finley to this mission is given in his
History of the Wyandottes, he says: "Late in the
afternoon of Sunday, December 14, 1823, we ar-
rived at the Huron river, on the Wyandotte reserve
of eight sections. Here we had a very formidable
difficulty to encounter. The river was just fordable,
and frozen on both sides for two or more rods.
We alighted, took our tomahawks and cut the ice ;
then jumped our horses down into the water, got
on and rode to the ice on the opposite shore. Here
we sat on our horses and cut the ice, when the
water was more than midsides deep ; and I think a
colder day I hardly ever experienced. After stay-
ing in the water nearly half an hour, we got on the
ice and were not out of the water ten minutes be-
fore our clothes were frozen stiff ; and, then we had
two miles to go before we should arrive at any
house. We set off at full speed and arrived at

sundown at the residence of our old friend Honnis,
where we were most cordially and heartily wel-
comed, and our wants were comfortably supplied.
How good it is even in a land of savages, to find
a friend and a welcome in the hour of need ; and
never were men more kindly received than we were
on this occasion. This being the Sabbath (though
it had been our intention to reach this place on Sat-
urday, but the roads and weather had prevented),
we immediately sent forth word in the village that
we would hold meeting at night. All were in
attendance. I tried to preach, and brothers Mon-
oncue and Gray-eyes exhorted. Then we invited
such as were seeking religion to come forward to be
prayed for. Several came, whom we endeavored to .
point to the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin
of the world. Some of them believed with the
heart unto righteousness. The next morning we
had meeting again, and formed a class of twelve
members. This was the first Indian class formed
in the Michigan Territory."

From the time of Finley's visit services were
maintained with considerable regularity, and at a
session of the Ohio Conference, held at Columbus
in October, 1825, Rev. Mr. Finley was appointed in
charge of the mission. In addition to looking after
the spiritual welfare of the Indians, the early white
settlers naturally became the subjects of his care
and of the itinerant ministers who came after him.
In 1833 the building of a church was strongly urged
by Rev. Elias Pattee and others, and in the spring
of 1834, as soon as the frost was out of the ground,
they began the erection of a building, and services
were held in it during the summer by Rev. W. H.
Brock way. Rev. A. Buckles, and Rev. E. Pattee.
It was fully completed in the fall, under the super-
vision of Elnathan C. Gavitt, then in charge of the
mission. In 1833-4 the society was known as the
Smooth Rock and Wyandotte Mission, and in 1835
was attached to the Ohio Conference, but up to
1838 it was called the Huron Mission, with no regu-
lar minister, except as supplied from time to time
from Trenton and other adjacent charges.

The pulpit was supplied in 1833, 1836-1838, by
the Rev. W. H. Brockway; in 1834-5, by Revs.
E. C. Gavitt, A. Buckles, Elias Pattee ; in 1843-5, by
Rev. R. Pengelleyand Rev. George King. In 1846
it became a separate charge, since which the pulpit
has been supplied by the following pastors : 1846,
Rev. Wm. H. Haze ; 1847, Rev. G. F. Hemminway :

1850, Rev. S. C. Woodard, Rev. Isaac C. Abbott;

1851, Rev. R. Bird; 1852, Rev. S. C. Stringham ;
1853, Rev. B. F. Doughty; 1854, Rev. Richard
McConnelland Rev. R.Johnson; 1855. Rev. Richard
McConnell; 1856, Rev. Jedediah Dwelle; 1857, Rev.
J. J. Smith; 1858, Rev. J. J. Gridley and Rev. James
R. Cordon; 1859, Rev. J. J. Gridley; 1860-1, Rev

1254

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Thomas Wakelin; 1862-3, Rev. Rufus C. Crane;
1864-5, Re^'- Alfred Allen; 1866-7, Rev. George
Stowe ; 1868-9, Rev. S. Kitzmiller; 1870-2, Rev.
Jesse Kilpatrick ; 1873-4, Rev. James Kilpatrick ;
1875-6, Rev. Alexander Gee; 1877-8, Rev. An-
drew W. Miller; 1879-1880, Rev. N. W. Pierce;
1881-3, Rev. Wm. J, Clack; 1884, Rev. J. L.
Walker'; 1885-7, Rev. William Cook; 1888, Rev.
Lewis N. Moon.

In 1849, Moses and John Vreeland donated the
society a lot, and in the same year a new church
was built, at a cost of about $1,600, with a seating
capacity of about 300. The present valuation of
the property, including the parsonage, is about
$2,000. During a revival in the winter of 1888-9,
the membership was largely increased. The first
Sunday School in connection with the Methodist
Episcopal Church in Flat Rock, and the first in
Wayne County, outside of Detroit, was organized
May 3d, 1835.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,

This church was established about 1832, by Peleg
F. Clark. The society began the erection of a
church, but his removal to Ohio caused the interest
in the work to cease, and the church died out. In
1856, F. I. Clark came to Flat Rock with the inten-
tion of reviving the old church, but was persuaded
by Dr. Kitchell, of Detroit, to organize a Congre-
gational Church. The former members were
accordingly gathered together, the services of Rev.
James Nail, of Wyandotte, obtained, and in Sep-
tember, 1857, a church was organized. The church
lot was donated by Mrs. R. B. Murray. Messrs.
F. I. Clark and S. A. Whipple were elected deacons,
and a frame church was finished and dedicated in
the summer of 1 861, at a cost of about $1,200. It
seats 300. The Rev. Mr. Nail continued in charge
about two years, and in 1859 was succeeded by Rev.

Mackinne, who remained until 1865, and was

follow^ed by Rev. Robert Parsons, who served in
1867-8, Rev. P. Barker serving in 1888. The
present church property is valued at $1,500, and
there is a membership of sixty.

ST. MARY'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

This congregation was organized as early as
1847, and a church was built on the old United
States Road, near Rock wood, by Father Louis. He
was succeeded by Rev. J. Van Gennip, in 1853 ; by
Rev. Girard, in 1862; Rev. Dr. Montebrick, in
1868; Rev. C. J. Manger, in 1870; Rev. M. H.
Schacker, in 1871 ; Rev. P. J. DeSmedt, in 1873;
Rev. M. Dekiere, in 1874; Rev. E. Maesfranc, in
1876; Rev. N. W. Grimme, in 1879, Rev. B. G.

SofTers and Rev. Debroux, since 1880. In

the spring of 1880, the foundation of a fine brick

church was laid, on land donated by Stephen Maw-
nawsaw, and in June, 1880, the church was conse-
crated by the Right Rev. C. H. Borgess, Bishop of
Detroit. The cost of the church was $5,000, and
it seats 400 The present value of the property,
including a fine brick parsonage on the adjoining
lot, is $8,000. The congregation numbers 130
families.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.

This society was organized in 1872, and on Janu-
ary 1st, 1874, dedicated their church. The lot cost
$250 and the building $4,000, and it will seat 200.
The society began with fifteen members, and in 1885
had thirty members. The pastors have been as fol-
lows : Rev. W. R. Northrup, March i, 1873, to 1874;
Rev. Wm. Buxton, April, 1874, to 1876; Rev L. P.
Tompkins, September, 1876, to September, 1877;
Rev. D. J. Parker, December, 1879, to December,
1880; Rev. T. H. Gary, September, 1882, to Sep-
tember, 1885.

A Masonic Lodge, known as the Hiram Lodge,
No. no, was organized in 1859.

In the fall of

H. Egabroad published a

paper called the Flat Rock Journal, but after one
year it was discontinued.

GIBRALTAR.

This place is on the Toledo Division of the M. C.
R. R. The plat of the village was recorded in 1837,
by B. B. Kercheval, Joshua Howard and Peter God-
frey, trustees of the Gibraltar and Flat Rock Com-
pany. It was named Gibraltar because it was located
near the entrance to Lake Erie, its noted namesake
being near the entrance to the sea. It was expected
that this would be one of the important cities of the
strait. In 1838 the wildcat Bank of Gibraltar was
here located, and, according to Blois's Gazetteer, the
place had " one large storehouse, two stores, a large
hotel, and perhaps fifteen or twenty families." A
lighthouse was erected, and about 1 50 feet of wharf
built. The Flat Rock and Gibraltar canal termi-
nated here. The lighthouse was maintained until
the spring of 1879, ^"d was then discontinued
because of the establishment of a light at the mouth
of the river. The Bank of Gibraltar was enjoined
and closed up the same year that it started, and the
Canal Company came to grief soon after.

ROCKWOOD.

This village is located on the line of the L S. &
M. S. R. R , and it is also a station on the Canada
Southern branch of the M. C. R. R. It has a basket
factory, and ships considerable amounts of wood
and grain.

The Presbyterian Church at Rockwood began as
a mission of the Flat Rock Church in r86o A

CANTON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1255

church was organized In the winter of 1885-6. A
lot was donated by A. B. Chapman, and a church,
seating 200, was completed and dedicated in August,
1886, at a cost of $2,100. The church, when organ-
ized, had twenty members, and now has fifty.

For many years a Methodist Episcopal Church
class at Rockwood was cared for from Flat Rock,
and on March 13th, 1886, under Rev. Wm. Cook,

trustees were elected, and the first M. E. Church of
Rockwood formed They purchased a lot for $60
and at once built a church costing $1,730. It was
dedicated on Sunday, October loth, 1886, is a fine
frame building, seating about 200, and with other
property owned by the church is valued at $2,500.
The society has fifteen members.

CANTON TOWNSHIP.

This township was created by act of March 7,
1834, out of part of what had been Plymouth town-
ship. It was named Canton, after the city by that
name in China, the object being to get a name not
found elsewhere in the United States.

The first meeting to organize the township was
held at the house of Henry Chftfee, on the first
Monday of April, 1834. James Safford was chosen
Moderator, and L. Witter, Clerk. The following town
officers were elected in that and subsequent years :

1834. Supervisor, James Safford; Clerk, Lyman
Witter; Assessors, Ira M. Hough, Alfred Moore,
Ira Towle ; Collector, Thomas Huston ; Directors
of the Poor, Aruna Bradford, John Chambers ; Com-
missioners of Highways, Psaac Cummings, S. R,
Tripp, A. Y, Murray; Constables, John Cortright,
Benj. Clark ; Commissioners of Common Schools,
A Y. Murray, Jos. Brearley, Amos Stephens ; In-
spectors of Common Schools, Wm. Morrison, Jacob
Ramsdell, Alonzo Henrys.

1835. Supervisor, James Safford ; Clerk, Augus-
tus Andrews; Assessors, Ira M. Hough, J. Brear-
ley, A. Moore ; Collector, L. Kimoie ; Poor Direc-
tors, J. Chambers, J. Fairman ; Highway Commis-
sioners, J. Cummings, S. R. Tripp, L. Cole;
Constables, J. Cortright, S. Kinyon ; School
Inspectors, James Safford, A. Henry, D. Smith ;
Justices of the Peace, A. Bradford, Amos Stephens.

1836. Supervisor, Archibald Y. Murray ; Clerk,
Augustus Andrews; Highway Commissioners, A.
Bradford, A. C. Leach, H. Hackett ; Assessors, P.
Bird, R. Follett, W. Hannan; Poor Directors, J.
Fairman, J. Chambers ; Collector, S. Kinyon ; Con-
stables, J. Cortright, S. Kinyon ; Justices of the
Peace. A. Stevens, T. Huston, R. Safford, D. D.
Cady ; School Inspectors, D. D. Cady, T. Huston,
T. Bigham.

1837. Supervisor, Archibald Y. Murray; Clerk,
Timothy F. Sheldon ; Highway Commissioners, A.
Bradford, S. Cobb, J. Cortright ; Poor Directors,
J. Fairman, J. Chambers; Assessors, P. Bird, I.
Sines, Wm. Glannan ; Collector. S. Lindon ; Con-
stables, T. Bigham, S. Lindon ; Justices of the Peace,

J. Foster, A. C. Leach ; School Commissioners, D.
D. Cady, B. Huston, A. McCann ; School Inspectors,
P. Bird, J Safford, T. Bigham.

1838. Supervisor, Philander Bird; Clerk, John
V. Jackson ; Justices of the Peace, A Stevens, D. D.
Cady, B. W. Huston, A. J. McCann ; Highway
Commissioners, H. Fairman, A. Andrews, P. Sines ;
Poor Directors, W. Huston, E. J. Downer; Collector,
S. Kinyon; Constables, S. Kinyon, N. Vanhorn ;
School Inspectors, T. Bigham, P. Bird, A. C Leach.

1839. Supervisor, Philander Bird ; Clerk, John V.
Jackson; Justice of the Peace, J. Foster; Treas-
urer, Amos Stevens ; Assessors, D. D. Cady, B. W.
Huston, W. Hannan ; School Inspectors, A. R.
Mott, A. C. Leach, P. Bird ; Highway Commission-
ers, A. Y. Murray, O Kinyon, I. Sines; Collector,
J. Cortright ; Poor Directors, W. Huston, E. G.
Downer ; Constables, J. Cortright, A. Parrish, W.
J. Adams, O. Beach.

1840. Supervisor, Philander Bird; Clerk, John
V. Jackson ; Treasurer, Amos Stevens ; Justice of
the Peace, D. D. Cady; Assessors, D. D. Cady,
B. W. Huston, W. Hannan ; Highway Commission-
ers, A. Y. Murray, O. Kinyon, R Gill; School
Inspectors, A. R. Mott. T. Bigham, O. Kinyon ;
Poor Directors, A. Y. Murray, P. Sines ; Constables,
T. Bigham, D. Cady ; Collector, T. Bigham.

1 84 1. Supervisor, Archibald Y. Murray; Clerk,
John V. Jackson ; Assessors, W. Hannon, D. D.
Cady, B. W. Huston ; Highway Commissioners, R.
Gill, A. Andrews, H. Warner ; School Inspectors,
O. Kinyon, E. Adams, W. C. Foster ; Justice of the
Peace, A. C. Leach ; Treasurer, A. Stevens ; Poor
Directors, T. F. Sheldon, M. Bradford ; Collector,
T Bigham ; Constables. T. Bigham, D. Cady.

1842. Supervisor, Philander Bird; Clerk, John
V. Jackson; Justice of the Peace, T. Bigham;
Assessors, B. W. Huston, W. Hannan ; Highway
Commissioners, S. Cobb, H. Warner, A. Y. Murray ;
School Inspectors, O. Kinyon, E. Adams, W. C.
Foster ; Treasurer, J. Cortright ; Poor Directors,
J. Huston, A. Chambers ; Constables, A. Fitzgerald,
T. Downer, S. Lindon, A. R. Mott,

1256

CANTON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1 843. Supervisor, Philander Bird ; Clerk, William
Palmister ; Justice of the Peace, H. Warner ; Asses-
sors, B. W. Huston, W. Hannan ; Highway Com-
missioners, A. Y. Murray, S. Cobb, J. D. Cilly ;
School Inspectors, W. C. Foster, J. Safford ; Treas-
urer, Wm. Huston ; Poor Directors, A. J. McCann,
J. Foster ; Sealer, A. Andrews ; Constables,' D.
Cady, W. T. Miller, A. Hannon, J. D. Cilly.

1844. Supervisor, Archibald Y. Murray; Clerk,
William Palmister ; Justice of the Peace, O. Kin-
yon ; Treasurer, Wm. Huston; Assessors, I. M.
Hough, Wm. Hannan; Highway Commissioners,
A. Y. Murray, J. D. Cilly, S. Cobb ; School In-
spector, G. Booth; Poor Directors, H. Smith, J.
Foster; Constables, A. R. Mott, J. D. Cilly, D.
Boldman, D Cady.

1845. Supervisor, Amos Stevens; Clerk, John
V. Jackson ; Justice of the Peace, B. W. Huston ;
Treasurer, D. Cady; Assessors, D. D. Cady, I. M.
Hough ; Highway Commissioners, M. Bradford,

A. C. Leach, H. Smith ; School Inspector, J. Saf-
ford ; Poor Directors, P. Bird, T. F. Sheldon ; Con-
stables, D. Cady, T. P. Downer.

1846. Supervisor, David D. Cady; Clerk, John
V. Jackson ; Justice of the Peace, T. Bigham ;
Assessors, W. Hannan, A. Stevens ; Treasurer, P.
Bird ; Highway Commissioners, M. Bradford, A C.
Leach, J. D. Cilly ; School Inspector, W. Palmister ;
Poor Directors, E. Kinyon, J. Fairman ; Constables,
T. W. McKee, A. R. Mott.

1847. Supervisor, James Safford ; Clerk, Thomas
McGraw ; Justice of the Peace, H. Warner ; Treas-
urer, D. Cady; Assessors, B. W. Huston, W. Han-
nan; Highway Commissioners. I. M. Hough, M.
Bradford, D. Boldman ; School Inspector, J. Saf-
ford ; Poor Directors, P. Bird, A. Y. Murray ; Con-
stables, A. Hannan, D. Cady, T, W. McKee, F.
Fairman.

1848. Supervisor, James Safford ; Clerk, David
Cady ; Justice of the Peace, P. Bird ; Assessors,

B. W. Huston, A. J. McCann; Treasurer, T. W.
McKee ; Highway Commissioners, I. M. Hough, J.
H. Rowley ; School Inspector, W. Palmister ; Poor
Directors, A. Towner, A. Y. Murray ; Constables,
T. W. McKee, J. Cortright, W. Lewis, R. Huston.

1 849. Supervisor, James Safford ; Clerk, John V.
Jackson; Justice of the Peace, B. W. Huston;
Treasurer, T. W. McKee ; Highway Commissioner,
T. Bigham ; Poor Directors, O. W. Holt, A. Tow-
ner ; School Inspectors, J. Safford, L. R. Hough ;
Constables, 6. W. Holt, T. W. McKee, D. Bolden,
A. Hannan.

1850. Supervisor, James Safford; Clerk, Asa
Parrish ; Justice of the Peace, T. Bigham ; Treas-
urer, D. Cady; Highway Commissioner, A. Cobb;
School Inspector, O. Kinyon ; Assessors, A. Han-
nan, B. W. Huston ; Poor Directors, O. W. Holt, J.

D. Cilly; Constables, O. W. Holt, D. Cady, R.
Huston, A. Hannan.

185 1. Supervisor, James Safford; Clerk, Asa
Parrish ; Justice of the Peace, I. M. Hough ; Treas-
urer, D. Cady ; Assessors, B. W. Huston, H. War-
ner; Highway Commissioners, I. M. Hough, O. W.
Holt ; School Inspectors, J. Safford, B. W. Huston ;
Poor Directors, A. C. Leach, T. Westbrook ; Con-
stables, D. Cady, O. W. Holt, W. Hannan.

1852. Supervisor, Archibald Y. Murray; Clerk,
David Cady ; Justice of the Peace, P. Bird ; Treas-
urer, R. Huston; Assessors. B. W. Huston, P.
Stevens; School Inspector, B. W. Huston, Jr.;
Highway Commissioner, T. Bigham ; Poor Direc-
tors, P. Bird, A. C. Leach ; Constables, T. Jeffry,
O. W. Holt, R. Huston, L. Secord.

1853. Supervisor, David Cady; Clerk, John V.
Jackson; Justices of the Peace, B. W. Huston, B.
Hodgkinson ; Treasurer, C. W. Sines ; Poor Direc-
tors, P. Bird, A. C. Leach; Highway Commission-
ers, O. W. Holt, G. Berdan; Constables, O. W.
Holt, G. Berdan, G. Smith, J. Kenyon.

1854. Supervisor, David Cady; Clerk, Charles

E. Andrews; Justice of the Peace, B. Hodgkinson;
Treasurer, C. W. Sines ; Highway Commissioner,

D. Cady; School Inspector, A. J. Leach; Poor Di-
rectors, A. C. Leach, T. Westbrook ; Constables,
G. Smith, C. W. Sines, O. Hartwell, D. S. Dean.

1855. Supervisor, David Cady; Clerk, Charles

E. Andrews; Justice of the Peace, I. M. Hough;
Treasurer, G Berdan ; Highw^ay Commissioner, B.
Hodgkinson ; School Inspector, C. W. Sines ; Poor
Directors, A. C. Leach, W. P. Adams ; Constables,
G: Berdan, C. W. Sines, O. W. Holt, D. Cady.

1856. Supervisor, James Safford; Clerk, John
V. Jackson ; Justice of the Peace, P. Bird ; Treas-
urer, J. Cady ; School Inspector, J. A. Safford ;
Highway Commissioners, B. W. Huston, J. Han-
nan ; Poor Directors, J. M. Chambers, A. B. Pal-
mer ; Constables, J. Cady, O. Kinyon, C. W. Sines,
O. W. Holt.

1857. Supervisor, James Safford ; Clerk, Charles
E. Andrews ; Justice of the Peace, B. W^. Huston ;
Treasurer, W. Hannan, Jr ; Highway Commis-
sioner, A. B. Palmer ; School Inspector, C. W.
Sines; Poor Directors, A. B. Palmer, O. Kinyon;
Constables, J. Huston, G. Berdan, W. Hannan, Jr,
C. W^. Sines.

1858. Supervisor, James Safford ; Clerk, George
W. Booth ; Justice of the Peace, B. Hodgkinson ;
Treasurer, G. M. Sines ; Highway Commissioner,
B. Hodgkinson ; School Inspector, E. G. Downer ;
Poor Directors, A. B. Palmer, I. M. Hough; Con-
stables, G. Berdan, J. Huston, G. M. Sines, C. Coy-
kendall.

1859. Supervisor, James Safford ; Clerk. George
W. Booth ; Justice of the Peace, D. B. Brown ;

CANTON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1257

Treasurer, J. Huston, 2cl ; Highway Commissioner,
W. Cotton ; School Inspector, C. W. Sines ; Poor
Directors, A. B. Palmer, S. Barber; Constables,
J. Huston, 2d. O. W. Holt, S. Barber, P. Berdan.

i860. Supervisor, James- Safford ; Clerk, R.
Huston ; Justice of the Peace, P. Bird ; Treasurer.
S. Barber; Highway Commissioner, A. J. Mur-
ray ; School Inspector, E. P. Barbow ; Poor Direc-
tors, C. W. Sines, S. Barber ; Constables, W. Cot-
ton, J. Huston, 2d, P. Berdan, S. Barber.

i86t. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson ; Clerk,
Reuben Huston ; Justices of the Peace, B W. Hus-
ton, S. Barber, A. N. Parrish ; Treasurer, C. E.
Andrews ; School Inspector, R. C Safford ; High-
way Commissioners, C. W. Sines, S. Barber ; Poor
Directors, I. M. Hough, W. Hannan, Jr ; Con-
stables, W. Cotton, J. Huston, 2d, J. W. Chambers,
J, Harmon.

1862. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson ; Clerk,
R. Huston ; Justice of the Peace. B. Hodgkinson ;
Treasurer, E. Anderson ; Highway Commissioner,
W. Cotton ; School Inspector, C \V. Sines ; Poor
Directors, W. Hannan, Jr, J Harmon ; Constables,
P. Berdan, W, Cotton, J. Huston, 2d, J. Harmon.

1 863. Supervisor, Bradshaw^ Hodgkinson; C lerk,
Reuben Huston ; Justice of the Peace, S. Barber,
B. Hodgkinson ; Treasurer, W. Cotton ; Highway
Commissioner, S. Barber ; School Inspector, R. C.
Safford ; Poor Directors, W. Hannan, Jr, D. Bold-
man ; Constables, J. M. Chambers, W. Cotton, J.
Huston, 2d, J. Kenyon.

1864. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson ; Clerk,
Charles E. Andrews ; Justice of the Peace, A. N.
Parrish; Treasurer, D. Boldman ; Highway Com-
missioner, C. W. Sines ; School Inspectors, C. W.
Sines, J. P. Safford ; Poor Directors, W. Hannan,
Jr, S. Lyndon ; Constables, G. Berdan, W. Cotton,
D. Boldman, J. Kenyon.

1865. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines ; Justice of the Peace, J. Huston,
2d; Treasurer, W. Hannan; Highway Commis-
sioners, D. Boldman, H. Murray ; School Inspec-
tors, E. R Crawford, E. C. Warner ; Poor Direc-
tors, W. Hannan, Jr, O. Kinyon ; Constables, W.
Hannan, J. Butterfield, O. Coyl, S. Lyndon.

1866. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines ; Justice of the Peace, B. Hodg-
kinson ; Treasurer, John Hannan ; Highway Com-
missioners, R. Huston, R. Barker ; School Inspec-
tors, O. Hough, H. O Hanford ; Poor Directors,
W. Hannan, C. W. Sines ; Constables, J. Hannan,
C. Westfall, W. Cotton, J. Butterfield.

1867. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk;
Charles W. Sines ; Justice of the Peace, S. Barber,
Treasurer, Walter R. Rich; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Tillottson ; School Inspectors, J. A. Saf-
ford, J. V. Jackson ; Poor Directors. J. Harmon, W.

Hannan, Jr ; Constables, J. Butterfield, W. Cotton,
H. W. Geer, W. Hannan, Jr.
^ 1868. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson ; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines; Justice of the Peace, J. Harmon;
Treasurer, J. P. Parshall ; Highway Commissioners,
R. Barker, G. Berdan ; School Inspectors, L. C.
Hough, J. V. Jackson ; Poor Directors, W. Hannan,
Jr, S. Barber ; Constables, W. Hannan, P. Goodell,
M. Cragg. B. Tillottson.

1869. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines ; Justices of the Peace, J. Hus-
ton. H. Murray; Treasurer, W. Penney; Highway
Commissioner, R. Huston ; School Inspector, J. V.
Jackson ; Poor Directors, W. Hannan. Jr, J. Hus-
ton, 2d ; Constables, W. Penney, W. Hannan, W.
Cotton, F. Howard.

1870. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines ; Justices of the Peace, B. Hodg-
kinson, O. Kinyon ; Treasurer, J. Huston, 2d ;
Highway Commissioner, G. Berdan ; School In-
spector, C. L. Hough ; Poor Directors, W. Hannan,
S. Barber ; Constables, W. Hannan, O. Butterfield,
M. Cragg, F. Howard.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines; Treasurer, S. Barber; Justices
of the Peace, S. Barber, I. M. Lewis; Highway
Commissioner, D. Boldman ; School Inspector, J.
V. Jackson ; Poor Directors, W. Hannan, Z. Win-
sor; Drain Commissioner, W. Artley; Constables,
W. Hubbell, M. Craig, F. Howard, W. Cady.

1872. Supervisor, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines; Treasurer, A. Riggs ; Justice of
the Peace, 1. M. Lewis ; School Inspector, J. A.
Safford ; Highway Commissioner, R. Huston ; Poor
Directors, S. Lindon, W. Hannan ; Drain Com-
missioner, R. Barker ; Constables, M. Cragg, M.
Francisco, A. Hannan.

1873. Supervisor, John Huston, 2d; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines ; Justice of the Peace, J. Huston,
2d ; Treasurer, B Tillottson ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Harmon ; Drain Commissioner, R. Bar-
ker; School Inspector, J. V, Jackson ; Poor Direc-
tors, Z. Winsor, W. Hannan ; Constables, M. Cragg,
J. Butterfield, W. Hannan, C. Sayles.

1874. Supervisor, John Huston, 2d; Clerk,
Charles W. Sines ; Justice of the Peace, C. W.
Sines ; Treasurer, G. C. Padget ; Highway Com-
missioner, D. Boldman ; Drain Commissioner, J. P.
Parshall ; School Inspector, C. E Andrews ; Con-
stables, M. Cragg, J. Gunn, J. Butterfield.

1875. Supervisor, John Huston, 2d ; Clerk,
Mark Sines ; Justice of the Peace, J. B. Cady, S H.
Joslin, I. E. Kinyon ; Highway Commissioner, D.
Boldman ; Supt. of Schools, L. C. Hough ; Drain
Commissioner, J. Harmon ; School Inspector, I.E.
Kinyon ; Constables, M. Cragg, D. H, Parshall, J.
Gunn, N. Kinyon.

1258

CANTON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1876 Supervisor, John Huston, 2d; Clerk,
Mark Sines: Justice of the Peace, I. E. Kinyon;
Treasurer, R C. Sayles ; Highway Commissioner,
D. Boldman ; Supt. of Schools, L C. Hough ; Drain
Commissioner, S. Lyndon; School Inspector, I. E.
Kinyon; Constables, J. Kissand, D. H. Parshall, J.
Gunn, T. Harmon.

1877. Supervisor, John Huston, 2d ; Clerk,
Mark Sines ; Justices of the Peace, J. Huston, 2d,
J. P. Parshall ; Treasurer, D. H. Parshall ; High-
way Commissioner, W. R. Suggett; Supt. of
Schools, S. P. Codner ; School Inspector. I. E.
Kinyon; Constables, J. Gunn, J. Kissand, C. Dohr,
F. Tillottson.

1878. Supervisor, J. A. Safford ; Clerk, Henry
F. Horner ; Justice of the Peace, S. H. Joslin ;
Treasurer. F. Corwin ; Highway Commissioner, G.
C. Podget ; Drain Commissioner, V. Tillottson ;
Supt. of Schools, S. P. Codner ; School Inspector,
J. Gillespie ; Constables, A. Smith, U. P. Packard,
W. Hannan, C. S. Sayles.

1879. Supervisor, James A. Safford ; Clerk,
Mark Sines; Treasurer, P. Packard ; Justices of the
Peace, R. P. Clark, W. F. Ballou ; Highway Com-
missioner, G. C. Podget ; Supt. of Schools, W. H.
Boldman; School Inspector, C. H. Jones; Con-
stables, A. Smith, J. Gunn, F. Tillottson, G. H.
Berdan.

1880. Supervisor, James A. Safford ; Clerk,
Henry F. Horner ; Justices of the Peace, A. Cody,
W. P. Packard ; Treasurer, C. Truesdall ; High-
way Commissioner, S. Howard; Drain Commis-
sioner, G. Berdan ; Supt of Schools, J. A Safford ;
School Inspector, Frank Tillottson ; Constables, A.
Smith, J. Gunn, W. Hannan, C. Sayles.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Herbert W. Bradford ; Clerk,
Samuel H. Joslin ; Justices of the Peace, J. Huston,
2d, J. B. Tillottson ; Treasurer, L S Clark ; High-
way Commissioner, R. C. Sayles ; Drain Commis-
sioner, R Barker ; Supt. of Schools, W. Boldman ;
School Inspector, F. Tillottson ; Constables, S.
Barker, J. Gunn, A. Smith, W. E. Cady.

1882. Supervisor, James A. Safford ; Clerk,
Henry F. Horner ; Justices of the Peace, C. E.
Andrews, W. Manchester ; Treasurer, H. Safford ;
Highway Commissioner, J. Harmon ; Drain Com-
missioner, J. Wiles ; School Inspectors, A. Stevens,
F. Tillottson ; Constables, D. Truesdall, S. Goodell,
J. Gunn, J. Lilley.

1883. Supervisor, James A. Safford ; Clerk, Chas.
E. Andrews ; Justice of the Peace, W. P. Packard,
H. H. Safford ; Treasurer, M. E. Carlton ; Highway
Commissioner, R. C. Sayles ; Drain Commissioner,
W. R. Suggett ; School Inspector, H. F. Horner;
Constables, J. Eyloff, G. Smith, Jr, J. Padgett.

1884. Supervisor, Henry F. Horner; Clerk,
Charles E. Andrews ; Treasurer, Oscar Huston ;

Justices of the Peace, F. A. Tillottson, G. Berdan ;
Highway Commissioner, Hiram Bissell; Drain
Commissioner, Wm. R. Suggett ; School Inspector,
Oscar Stevens ; Constables, Geo. Smith, J. Gunn, J.
Eyloff, W. Harmon.

1885. Supervisor, Henry F. Horner, C. E.
Andrews, each part of a year ; Clerk, Charles E.
Andrews, part of a year ; Treasurer, J. C. Padgett;
Justices of the Peace, John Huston, Henry O. Han-
ford, James A. Safford ; Highway Commissioner,
H. Bissell ; School Inspector, Ira E. Kinyon ; Con-
stables, J. Gunn, H. Anderson, Albert Smith, T. L.
Harmon.

1886. Supervisor, Henry F. Horner; Clerk,
John Huston, 2d ; Treasurer, Albert W. Bradford ;
Justices of the Peace, Charles E. Andrews, G. H.
Berdan ; Highway Commissioner, Samuel Barber ;
Drain Commissioner, J. B. Tillottson ; School
Inspector, M. Winters ; Constables, J. Gunn, J.
Savage, E. Courtrite, Wm. Mott.

1887. Supervisor, Orlando R. Pattengell ; Clerk,
John W. Cady ; Treasurer, F. Huston ; Justice of
the Peace, Henry Anderson; Highway Commis-
sioner, Samuel Barber ; Drain Commissioner, T. L.
Harmon ; School Inspector, C. R. Huston ; Con-
stables, J. M. Savage, J. Gunn, E. Courtrite, Chris-
tian Lohr.

1888. Supervisor, Orlando R. Pattengell; Clerk,
John W. Cady; Treasurer, Albert Smith; Justices
of the Peace, H. O. Hanford, Wm. Harmon;
Highway Commissioner, T. L. Harmon ; Drain
Commissioner, W. R. Suggett ; School Inspector,
M. H. Winters ; Constable, J. Gunn.

1889. Supervisor, Orlando R. Pattengell; Clerk,
James H, Hanford ; Treasurer, Albert Smith ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, John Huston, 2d, Samuel Barber ;
Highway Commissioner, T. L. Harmon ; School
Inspector, A. G. Huston ; Constables, J. Gunn, J.
Savage, T. Geer, J. Gordon

1890. Supervisor, O. R. Pattengell ; Clerk, James
H. Hanford ; Justice of the Peace, C. E. Andrews ;
Treasurer, G. M. Cotton; Highway Commissioner,
Theo. L. Harmon ; Drain Commissioner, Wm.
Suggett; Board of Review, P. Goodell, C. E. An-
drews; Constable, John Gunn.

The town hall is located on the southwest quarter
of section 15, cost about $700, will seat 400, and
was first used in 1874.

The report for the school year ending September
3d, 1888, showed an enrollment of 392 scholars in
the township, with an average daily attendance of
274. There was in the township three frame school
houses, seating 150, valued at $1,040, and six brick
school houses, seating 296, and valued at $8,900.
Four male teachers and thirteen female teachers
were employed.

The first public cemetery was opened about 1834,

^\

\ar)

CANTON TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1259

on the northeast quarter of section 19, and is known
as the "Ridge Cemetery." In 1835 a cemetery
was established on the northwest quarter of section
36. This is known as the " Old Sheldon" Cemetery.
In 1840, what is known as the " Kinyon " Cemetery,
was opened on the northwest corner of section 5,
and in 1868, the "New Sheldon" Cemetery was
located on the southwest quarter of section 27.
, The population of the township in 1850, was
1,333; in 1S60, 1,554; in 1870, 1,392 ; in 1880, 1,350.
The decrease between i860 and 1870 is evidently
due to the loss of those who were engaged in the
War with the South. The valuation in the several
decades, as appears from the records of the Board
of Supervisors, is as follows ; 1840,1154,832; 1850,
$76,728; i860, $302,990; 1870, $331,362; 1880,
$1,077,345

The township is watered by what is known as the
Lower Rouge, by Tonquish Creek, and by other
smaller streams. It has a rich soil, much of which
has been reclaimed by a very extensive system of
drainage.

CANTON, FORMERLY SHELDON'S CORNERS.

This place was named after Timothy F. Sheldon,
who bought lands there in 1842 A Presbyterian
Church was organized on August 31, 1848, and a
church built in 1850, at a cost of $1,000. It seated
175. The pastors have been as follows : Rev. J S.
Kidder, from 1848 to 1852; Rev. Mr. Green, during
part of 1853 ; Rev. George M. Boardman, from 1854
to 1859 ; Rev. John Pierce, from the fall of 1859 to
1866; Rev. Mr, Murden, from 1869 to 1870; Rev.
Mr. Piatt, from 1870 to 1879 ; Rev. E. P. Goodrich,
from 1880 to 1884.

The society has had no pastor for several years,
and the church has been for sale.

There is a Methodist Episcopal Church, and the
society worship in a building which was erected in
1858. The lot was donated by T. F. Sheldon; the
building seats 225, and cost $1,800. The following
persons have served as pastors : 1 859-1 860, John
Levington; 1 860-1 86 1, R. R. Richards ; 1861-1862,
R.C.Crane; 1 862- 1864, H.N. Brown ; 1864-1865,

S. P. Warner; 1865-1867, M. C. Anderson; 1867-
1869, Jesse Kilpatrick; 1869 -1870, Jesse Kilpatrick
and W. W. Washburn; 1870-1871, S Kitzmiller;
1871-1873, J. S. Sutton; 1873-1874, H. M. Brown;
1 874-1 876, N. Newton; i, 876-1 879, L. C. York;
1879-1881, S. Clements; 1881-1882, R. Wrench;
1882-1884, W. Warren; 1884-1885, L. C. York;
1885-1888, J. A. Lowry ; 1888 . S. W. Bird.

SHELDON'S STATION.

This is located on the Michigan Central R. R.,
about three-quarters of a mile south of Sheldon's
Corners.

CHERRY HILL.

This locality, on section 19, was formerly known
as the Ridge, from the rise of ground on which it is
situated. About i860, a man named Hitchcock
built a hotel here, and from the number of cherry
trees growing near by, he named his place the
Cherry Hill House, and thus the name originated.

The first beginnings of the Methodist Episcopal
Church of this place date from 1836. In 1848 the
Society was formally named the Crandall Church,
after Mr. Crandall, the first class leader. The
Society has occupied two different buildings ; the
first cost $600, and w^as dedicated in the fall of 1848.
The present church building was dedicated Febru-
ary 9, 1882, and cost $2,500.

Among the earlier ministers were the Revs.
Messrs. Steel, Bradley, Sprague, King, Staples, Hall,
D. Burns, Wm. Fox, Adam Minnis, S. E. Warren,
J. F. Davidson, Wm. C. Way, — Buchanan, J. W.
Kellogg, Wm. Hevener, C. C. Yemans, R. Bird, T.
Wakelin, — Scotford, Geo. Smith, S. Caulkins, and
J. K. Gillett. The Society has always been connected
with the Sheldon Church, and the names of the
ministers since 2871 will be found in connection
with the history of that church.

TONQUISH CREEK.

This is a station on the F. & P. M. R. R., and is
named after the Indian chief who was killed near
this place.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JOHN HUSTON, the seventh child of William
and Mary (Winder) Huston, was born in the town
of Leroy, JefiFerson County, New York, on June
30, 1809. His early life was spent working on a
farm, and the only education he received was the
meagre one afforded by the rude district school of
those days.

He sailed a short time on the lakes ; had a great
fondness for the water; was an expert swimmer,
and saved many persons from drowning, notably his
friend, Hugh Clide, who, as they were crossing the
Detroit river in 1827, narrowly escaped death by
the capsizing of the canoe. Mr. Clide would have
drowned but for the skillful swimming of his friend.

I26o

CANTON TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

On January 4th, [827, Mr. Huston came to Michi-
gan, but only remained two years, and then re-
turned to New York State where, on September
26, 1830, he was married to Laura Bentley. In
the spring of 1833 he returned, with his family, to
the wilds of Michigan, traveling by way of the
Erie Canal to Buffalo, and then by boat to Detroit.

Shortly after their arrival in Detroit they removed
to Canton, Wayne County, being obliged to make
part of the journey on foot on account of the
almost impassable condition of the roads.

The place where they located was a wilderness,
and they underw^ent the hardships and labors that
mark the pioneer's life. They were far removed
from any town or store, and were often dependent
upon Huston's gun for a living.

Mr. Huston united with the Methodist Episcopal
Church, but is now prevented by his years from
giving active attention to church work. He was a
Democrat until the nomination of John C. Fremont
for the Presidency, and since then he has been a
Republican.

His family consists of eight children, namely :
Mary, born February 3, 1832; Robert, born Nov-
ember 7, 1833; Amanda, born February 6, 1836;
John J., born May 13, 1838; Sally, born January
2, 1840; Laura, born November 13, 1841 ; Eliza-
beth, born February 15, 1844; Eliza, born January
II, 1847.

Mr. Huston has always led a farmer's life, and,
by strict economy, has accumulated a competence
sufficient to keep him and his faithful helpmate in
their old age.

Their life and habits have been simple, and they
are greatly esteemed by the many who know thepi
for their honest and upright ways.

ORLANDO R. PATTENGELL, a resident of
the township of Canton, was born February 24,
1824, at Stowe, Vermont, and is the son of Clark
and Abigail Pattengell, who were also natives of
Vermont. He received his early educational train-
ing in the common schools of his native State and
in New York, and when he was sixteen years of
age began working his own way in the world, gain-
ing that self-reliance and practical knowledge of
business which is the foundation of success. He
spent the years between 1837 and 1845 in the State
of New York, and in the spring of 1845, when
seventeen years old, he came to Michigan, and
worked on a farm for four years, at the end of
which time he began teaching, and taught for four-
teen terms. He took up the occupation of tea«:hing
in order to obtain money to pay for a farm, which
he had purchased the year he had attained his
majority. By teaching in winter, and working the
farm in summer, by economical habits and hard

toil, he succeeded in clearing his farm of encum-
brances, and then turned his attention to the bring-
ing it up to a high and profitable state of cultivation.

In September, 1862, he was married to Ann
Green, of Farmington. They have had one child,
a daughter, named Cora.

Mr. Pattengell was a member of the State Legis-
lature in 1871-72, and for the last eighteen years
has been Secretary and Deputy^ Treasurer of
the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of
Monroe and Wayne Counties. He has been a
School Director for twenty years or more, and has
served as Town Supervisor for three years, begin-
ning with 1887, and was the first Republican to fill
that position since the town was organized— a fact
that indicates far better than words can his popular-
ity amongst his fellow townsmen, for the township
is strongly Democratic. He is also a member of the
Wayne County Jury Commission, being appointed
to that position by Governor Luce, in the spring of
1889. He has been a director of the Plymouth
National Bank since its organization.

Of quiet and unassuming manners, Mr. Pattengell
must be known to be appreciated at his true worth.
Starting in life with practically nothing but his arms
and intelligence, he has succeeded in placing him-
self amongst the well-to-do farmers of the county.
Of unquestioned integrity, he is respected and es-
teemed by all who know him. His farm is a model
in every respect, indicating the strict and orderly
methods of its owner, and showing that his labor
and perseverance have been well rewarded.

ROBERT CRAWFORD SAFFORD was born
in Canton, Wayne County, March 21, 1838, and is
the son of Rufus and Elethear Safford. His father
was the son of Jabez Safford, and was born in Can-
terbury, Windham County, Connecticut, on June i,
1800. His grandfather was one of three brothers
who came from Scotland, one of whom settled in
Connecticut, one in Vermont, and the last in New
York. Rufus Safford, after reaching his majority,
worked on a farm in summer and taught school
during^ the winters, eventually going to New York
City, where he worked at the stonecutter's trade for
a number of years. In 1832 he emigrated to
Michigan, and settled on Section 2 in the town-
ship of Canton, Wayne County. In 1835 he mar-
ried Elethear Crawford, the daughter of Robert and
Hannah Crawford. She was born near Saratoga
Springs, Saratoga County, New York, on October
30, 1803, and came to Michigan, with her brother
Ezra, in 1833. Rufus and his wife continued to
live on the farm which he first bought until his
death, on June 11, 1884. His wife died on March
28, 1889, at the age of 86. They had three sons,
namely, Robert Crawford Safford, Jabez A. Safford,

6*>g^>.^^.

/ /

^-^^^■£6^

r-'

^

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

I261

who was born on September 17, 1839; he died Feb-
ruary 6, 1853. Winfield Scott Safford, the third
son, was born January 2d, 1841, w^as a soldier in
the Civil War, and was wounded at the battle of
Gettysburg on July i, 1863, and died the next day.
Robert Crawford Safford was educated in the
district school, and also attended one term at the
State Normal School in Ypsilanti. He continued
with his father on the farm until April, 1864, when
he moved to Plymouth, and still occupies the farm
upon which he has lived for a quarter of a century.
He was married on January 29, 1863, to Elizabeth
A. Murray, daughter of Archibald Y. and Abigail
Murray, who settled in Canton, Wayne County, in
[826, and were among its earliest inhabitants.

They have had one son and two daughters, namely,
Lenora, who was born on April 13, 1865 ; she died
on October 9, 1868. Homer Erwin was born Sep-
tember 18, 1869, and their daughter, Ada Murray,
on November 26, 1877.

Mr. Safford subscribes to the doctrines of the
Universalist Church, but is not a member of any
branch society. He is a strong temperance man,
and, believing that all legal measures should be
adopted to restrict the liquor traffic, he supports
the Prohibition movement, and has done much to
advance the cause of that party. In 1889 he was
serving as Chairman of the Wayne County Prohi-
bition Committee, and is esteemed and respected as
an able and useful citizen.

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP.

This township originally formed part of the
township of Bucklin, w4iich was created by Act of
April 12, 1827, the first township meeting being
held on the last Monday of May> 1827, at the house
of William Hickcox. Dearborn township was cre-
ated by Act of March 9, 1833, and the first meeting
to organize the township was held at the house of
Conrad Ten Eyck. As the township of Nankin had
been organized four years previous, the records of
the original township of Bucklin are given in con-
nection with the history of Nankin township.

The township was named Dearborn, in honor of
Henry Dearborn, a distinguished United States Gen-
eral in the Revolutionary War and the War of 181 2.
At the time of the first settlement of the township,
game of all kinds, especially deer, bears, wolves,
and wild turkeys, were very plentiful. There was
also no lack of sweets in the forest, for maple trees
were abundant, and some families made hundreds
of pounds of maple sugar, every year. Wild honey
bees were also common, and many immense hollow
trees were often found filled with stores of honey.

The population of the township in 1850 was 1,385 ;
in i860, 1,546: in 1870,2,302; in 1880, 2,094. The
valuation of the property of the township in the
several decades was as follows: 1840, $176,282;
1850, $82,915; i860, $289,686; 1870, $335,524;
1880, $1,153,990.

The educational facilities in the township consist
of six brick and two frame houses, with a seating
capacity of 630, and costing $8,425. The schools,
in 1888, had an enrollment of 782, with an average
attendance of 454 ; there were five male and nine
female teachers.

The officers of the township have been as follows :

1833. Supervisor, Conrad Ten Eyck; Clerk,

Benjamin L. King ; Assessors and Highway Com-
missioners, J. Dort, J. Bucklin, C. McCurdy ; Col-
lector, A. Thomas; Poor Master, A. Gordon;
School Commissioners, C. McCurdy, T. Bucklin, T.
Dort, J. F. Rupeley; Constables, J. Abbott, R.
Abbott, J, Mudge, A. Thomas; Treasurer, J. F.
Rupeley

1834. Supervisor, Conrad Ten Eyck; Clerk,
Benjamin L. King ; Assessors, J Bucklin, J. Kil-
burn, H. B. Adams; Collector, R. H. Abbott;
Poor Directors, A. Gordon, J. F. Rupeley; High-
way Commissioners, T. Bucklin, A. Sherman, J.
Bucklin ; School Commissioners, H. B. Adams, L.
Anderson, T. Holden ; School Inspectors, J. Dort,
H. B. Adams, T. E. Schooler, B. L. King; Con-
stables, R. H. Abbott, B. Merrill.

1835. Supervisor, Conrad Ten Eyck; Clerk,
Benjamin L. King; Assessors, James Bucklin,
Titus Dort, J Ryan ist, J. Kilburn; Collector, D.
Thompson; Poor Directors, J. Dort, J F Rupeley;
Highway Commissioners, J. Kilburn, J. Hickcox, J.
Dort, J. Chapin ; School Inspectors, B. L. King, H.
Wightman, T. Bucklin ; Constables, D. Thompson,
J. Coon, R. H. Abbott, H. B. Adams, M. Chapin,
T. M. Sweeney.

1836. Supervisor, Conrad Ten Eyck; Clerk,
Benjamin L. King; Assessors, J. Kilburn, J. Ryan
1st, R. E. Hepburn, H. Wightman; Collector, D.
Thompson; Highway Commissioners, H. Wight-
man. J. B. Wallace, D. Thompson; School Com-
missioners, A. Gulley, L Ladd, T. M. Sweeney ;
Justices of the Peace, Hiram Wightman. Aaron
Sherman, Josiah Dort, Cyrus Howard; School
Inspectors, T. Bucklin, B. L. King, W. G. Porter.
T. M. Sweeney, H., Wightman ; Constables, D.
Thompson, M. Chapin, J. Coon, J. Eastman.

1262

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1837. Supervisor, Conrad Ten Eyck ; Clerk,
Benjamin L. King: Assessors, R. Gardner, H.
Wightman, T. Dort ; C. Howard ; Highway Com-
missioners, D. James, T. Bucklin, J. B. Wallace ;
Poor Directors, L. Ladd, J. F. Rupeley ; School
Inspectors, J. Bucklin, T. M. Sweeney, B. L. King ;
Collector, N. Cochrane ; Constal^le, M. S. Chapin,
N. Cochrane, E. Farnsworth.

1838. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk, J.
W. Sherman ; Justice of the Peace, John B. Wal-
lace ; Assessors, Joseph Pardoe, H. Wightman, A.
Gulley, R. Gardner, J. Dort ; Highway Commis-
sioners, Geo. Troup, R. C, Hepburn, M. Vrooman ;
School Inspectors, T. M. Sweeney, C. Howard, A.
Gage ; Collector, Wm. Cramer ; Overseers of the
Poor, L. Ladd, J. F. Rupeley; Constables, J. G.
Jackson, D. C. Kelley, W. Cramer, G. Farns-
worth.

1839. Supervisor, Cyrus Howard; Clerk and
Treasurer, J. W. Sherman ; Justices of the Peace,
Aaron Sherman, Titus Dort ; Collector, J. Saxton ;
Assessors, R. Gardner, C. Howard, J. Pardoe;
Highway Commissioners, A. Gulley, E. Quirk, M.
Vrooman ; Poor Directors, A. Merritt. J. F. Rupe-
ley, J. Sexton ; School Inspectors, T. M. Sweeney,
L. Ladd, J. Howard ; Constables, J. Cochrane, A.
Bentley, T. Marston, J. Jackson.

1 840. Supervisor, Martin Vrooman ; Clerk, J
W. Sherman ; Justice of the Peace, M. Vrooman ;
Treasurer, J. Dort ; Assessors, A. Gage, A. Gulley,
R. Gardner ; Highway Commissioners, George
Troup, A. Gulley, J. F. Rupeley ; Collector, E. H.
Strong ; School Inspectors, T. M. Sweeney, A.
Gage, M. Vrooman ; Poor Directors, M. D. Wind-
sor, A. Merritt ; Constables, M. D. Windsor, J.
Lorain, T. M. Marston, A. Gage.

1 841. Supervisor, Walter G. Porter; Clerk. J.
W. Sherman ; Justice of the Peace, C. Howard ;
Treasurer, M. D. Windsor ; Assessors, J. Nowlin,
O. Morehouse, J. U. Baxter ; Collector, J. U. Bax-
ter ; Highway Commissioner, Geo. Troup, G.
Purdy, G. Abell ; School Inspectors, W. Manning,
A. Gage, W. G. Porter ; Poor Directors, A. Sher-
man, M. D. Windsor; Constables, J. Bucklin, J.
Palmer.

1842. Supervisor, Walter G. Porter; Clerk, J.
W. Sherman; Assessors, J. F. Rupeley, R. Gard-
ner ; Highway Commissioners, J. Nowlin, M. Vroo-
man, J. Bucklin ; Treasurer, Wm. Ten Eyck ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Jas. Bucklin ; School Inspectors,
D. W. Carroll, T. M. Sweeney, W. G. Porter ;
Poor Directors, M. D. Windsor, A. Merritt; Con-
stables, D. D. Tompkins, F. Landon.

1843. Supervisor, Walter G. Porter; Clerk, J.
W. Sherman ; Treasurer, Wm. Ten Eyck ; Justice
of the Peace, R. Gardner ; Assessors, J. Bucklin,
R. Gardner ; School Inspectors, W. G. Porter, T.

M. Sweeney, L. Ladd ; Highway Commissioners,
J. Cronin, J. Bucklin, O. Morehouse ; Poor Direc-
tors, J. F. Rupeley, A. Merritt ; Constables, T.
Marston, D. Tompkins.

1844. Supervisor, Titus Dort; Clerk, J. W.
Sherman ; Treasurer, George Troup ; Justice of
the Peace, M. Vrooman ; Assessors, J. Nowlin, K.

-Gardner; Highway Commissioners, J. Pardoe, J.
BuckHn, J. Cronin ; School Inspector, T. M.
Sweeney ; Poor Directors, A. Merritt, C. Ten Eyck ;
Constables, T. M. Marston, W. R. Thompson.

1845. Supervisor, Thomas M. Sweeney ; Clerk,
William Ten Eyck ; Treasurer, George Troup ;
Justice of the Peace, Cyrus Howard ; Assessors, R.
Gardner, O. Morehouse ; Highway Commissioners,
J. Nowlin, A. Gulley, J. Bucklin; School Inspector,
A. B. Gulley ; Overseers of the Poor, C. Ten Eyck,

A. Merritt ; Constables, D. McClary, J. Duffee, D.
Sloss, Wm. Nowlin.

1846. Supervisor, Joshua Howard ; Clerk, Cyrus
Howard ; Treasurer, George Troup ; Justice of
the Peace, J. Bucklin ; Assessors, J. Nowlin, O.
Morehouse ; Highway Commissioners, B. L. King,
H. Thomas, A. Hackney ; School Inspector, T. M.
Sweeney; Poor Directors, A. Merritt, J. Coon;
Constables, D. Sloss, D. McClary.

1847. Supervisor, Titus Dort; Clerk, Cyrus
Howard ; Treasurer, Geo. Troup ; Justice of the
Peace, R. Gardner ; Highway Commissioners, Geo.
Troup, T. Dort, J. Bucklin ; School Inspectors, A.

B. Gulley, A. Gage ; Poor Directors, J. Bucklin, A.
Merritt ; Constables, T. Marston, T. Sloss, R. Tay-
lor, J. Halpin.

1848. Supervisor, Titus Dort ; Clerk, Benjamin
L. King ; Treasurer, George Troup ; Justices of
the Peace, John B. Wallace, M. Vrooman ; High-
way Commissioner, A. B. Gulley ; School Inspector,
A. B. Gulley ; Poor Directors, A. Merritt, J. Coon ;
Constables, J. Halpin, R. Taylor, T. Marston, J.
Kirk.

1849. Supervisor, Titus Dort ; Clerk, J. A. Pat-
rick ; Treasurer, George Troup ; Justices of the
Peace, C. Howard, N. Ladd ; School Inspector, O,
Gulley ; Highway Commissioner, George Troup ;
Poor Directors, A. Stocking, O. Morehouse ; Con-
stables, E. Howard, J. Halpin, D. D. Tompkins, J.
Palmer.

1850. Supervisor, Cyrus Howard; Clerk, Hub-
bard Hidden; Treasurer, George Troup; Justice
of the Peace, John B. Wallace ; Assessors, A.
Stocking, R. Gardner ; Highway Commissioner, C.
Howard ; School Inspectors, E. S. Snow, S. H.
Aldrich; Poor Directors, A. Stocking, S. H. Aid-
rich ; Constables, J. Halpin, E. Howard, J. Palmer,
A. Lapham.

1 85 1. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk,
Tobias Holden ; Treasurer, J. F. Rupeley ; Justice

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1263

of the Peace, R. Gardner ; Highway Commissioner,
H. Wightman ; School Inspector, T. M. Sweeney;
Poor Directors, Wm. Daly, T. Dort ; Constables,
D. McClary, A. Ward, E. Howard, J. Halpin.

1852. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman ; Clerk,
Tobias Holden ; Treasurer, J. D. Rupeley ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, H. Wightman ; Highway Com-
missioner, W. Daly ; School Inspector, E. S. Snow^;
Poor Directors, W. Daly. W. Ten Eyck ; Con-
stables, J. Halpin, J. Clay, A. J. Worden, T. Mars-
ton.

1853. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk,
Tobias Holden ; Treasurer, D. Sloss ; Justice of
the Peace, A. Stocking; Highway Commissioner,
J. Nowlin ; School Inspector, J. Nail ; Poor Direct-
ors, W. Daly, T. Dort ; Constables, D. D. Tomp-
kins, J. Halpin, J. Palmer, J. Bannister.

1854. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk,
John W. Alexander ; Treasurer, C. N. Brainard ;
Justices of the Peace, J. B. Wallace, M. Vrooman ;
School Inspectors, E. S. Snow, N. Tucker ; High-
way Commissioner, H. Wightman ; Poor Directors,
D. Thompson, O. Ladd ; Constables, D. D. Thom-
kins, J. Bannister, J. Halpin, T. Ladd.

1855. Supervisor, Titus Dort; Clerk, Solomon
Wightman ; Treasurer, O. Morehouse ; Justices of
the Peace, R. Gardner, T. M. Sweeney; Highway
Commissioner, W. Daly ; School Inspector, T. M.
Sweeney ; Poor Directors, T. Holden, J Lavey ;
Constables, J. Halpin, D. D. Tompkins, J. Bannis-
ter, A. W. Cole.

1856. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk,
Amos Gage ; Treasurer, L. Ladd ; Justice of the
Peace, Hiram Wightman ; Highway Commissioner,
A, B. GuUey ; School Inspector, N. Tucker ; Poor
Directors, W. Daly, W. Denning; Constables, J.
Halpin, C. Randall, D. D. Tompkins, J. Bannister.

1857. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk,
Amos Gage ; Treasurer, O. C. Abell ; Justice of
the Peace, S, Wightman ; Highway Commissioner,
J. Ryan ; School Inspector, T. M. Sweeney ; Poor
Directors, W. Daly, D. Allen ; Constables, J. Hal-
pin, B. Lewis, A. Cole, D. D. Tompkins.

1858. Supervisor, Titus Dort; Clerk, Hubbard
Hidden ; Treasurer, Joseph N. Brown ; Justrce of
the Peace, William Daly ; School Inspector, Titus
Dort; Poor Directors, Wm. Daly, D. Allen; Con-
stables, D. D. Tompkins, J. N. Brown, J. Halpin,
D. Allen.

1859. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk,
John W. Alexander ; Treasurer, Joseph N. Brown;
Justices of the Peace, Richard Gardner, T. M.
Sweeney ; School Inspectors, T. M. Sweeney, Amos
Gage ; Poor Directors, Wm. Daly, D. Allen ; High-
way Commissioner, E. Howard; Assessors, M.
Vrooman, George Troup ; Constables, C. Randall,
D. D, Tompkins, R. C. Hepburn, J. Halpin.

i860. Supervisor, Richard Gardner; Clerk»
John W. Alexander ; Treasurer, A. P. Demay ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Hiram Wightman; Highway
Commissioner, John Ryan ; Poor Directors, Wm.
Daly, D. Allen ; Constables, D. D. Tompkins, C.
Randall, D. Allen, John Halpin.

1861. Supervisor, Hiram Wightman; Clerk.
John W.Alexander; Treasurer, A. P. Demay;
Justice of the Peace, S. Wightman ; Highway
Commissioners, Wm. Daly, John Nowlin, M.
Vrooman ; School Inspectors, M, A. Vrooman, R.

C. Hepburn ; Poor Directors, Wm. Daly, D. Al-
len; Constables, J. Fox, E. Howard, J. E. Wheeler,

D. Allen.

1862. Supervisor, Titus Dort; Clerk, John W.
Alexander ; Treasurer, A. Lapham ; Justice of the
Peace, Wm. Daly ; Highway Commissioner, E.
Howard; School Inspectors, D. D.Brown, N. P.
Morehouse; Poor Directors, Wm. Daly, D. Allen;
Constables, D. Allen, E. Howard, J. Rady, J E.
Whalen.

1863. Supervisor, William Daly ; Clerk, John W.
Alexander; Treasurer, E. Howard ; Justices of the
Peace, R. Gardner, M. Vrooman ; School Inspec-
tor, J. M. Sweeney ; Highway Commissioner, John
Nowlin; Poor Directors, T. Dort, T. Allen; Con-
stables, D. D. Tompkins, E. Howard, J. Rady, J.
J. Vrooman.

1864. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander; Treasurer, E. Howard; Jus-
tice of the Peace, H. Wightman ; Highway Com-
missioner, J. J. Vrooman ; School Inspector, D. B.
Brown; Poor Directors, J. Bannister, D Allen;
Constables, O. Trowbridge, J. Magoonaugh, Wm.
Stevenson, F. W. Thomas.

1865. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander ; Treasurer, J. Magoonaugh ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, M. Vrooman ; Highway Com-
missioner, E. Floward; School Inspector, Wm.
Stevenson ; Constables, D. D. Tompkins, E. How-
ard, W. Stevenson, J. Magoonaugh.

1866. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander ; .Treasurer, J. Magoonaugh ; Justice
of the Peace, Wm. Daly; Highway Commissioner,
R. Wight; School Inspector, J. W. Kellogg; Poor
Directors, T. Dort, D. Allen; Constables, O.
Trowbridge, W. Stevenson, E. Howard, J. Ma-
goonaugh.

1867. Supervisor, Titus Dort; Clerk, John W.
Alexander ; Treasurer, John Cosby ; Justices of the
Peace, Wm. Stevenson ; Highway Commissioners,
M. Vrooman, J. Ledbeter; School Inspector,
Isaiah Stevenson ; Poor Directors, J. W. Alexan-
der, W. Daly; Constables, J. Magoonaugh, G.
Maxwell, J. B. Vrooman, S L. Howard.

1868. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander; Treasurer, S. L. Howard; Justice

1264

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

of the Peace, Wm. C. Sutton ; School Inspectors,
\Vm. Stevenson, T. M. Sweeney; Highway Com-
missioner, M. Kenney; Poor Directors,). W. Alex-
ander, W. Daly; Constables, C. Gregory, O. Trow-
bridge, J. B. Vrooman, J. Magoonaiigh.

1869. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander; Treasufer, G. W. Haigh ; Justice
of the Peace, M. Vrooman; Highway Commis-
sioner, D. D. Tompkins ; School Inspector, J. A.
Sexton ; Poor Directors, Wm. Daly, J. Magoon-
augh ; Constables, J. Powers, J. Magoonaugh, H.
Stevenson, A. J. Collier.

1870. Supervisor, Jared A. Sexton ; Clerk, John
W. Alexander; Treasurer, G. W. Haigh; Justice
of the Peace, W^m. Daly ; School Inspector, J. B.
Chapman ; Highway Commissioner, A. P. DeMay ;
Poor Directors, W. Dal^, J. Vagoonaugh; Con-
stables, J. E. Crouch, W. Rady, T. Crowley, H.
Stevenson.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Jared A, Sexton ; Clerk, Amos
Gage ; Treasurer, J. Probert ; Justice of the Peace,
J. B. Chapman ; Highway Commissioners, M.
Vrooman, J. Travis, W. Morehouse ; School In-
spector, G. W. Haigh ; Poor Directors, A. Gage, S.
Wightman; Constables, J. Halpin, J, E. Van
Riper, W. Rady, W. Ward.

1872. Supervisor, Charles Brainard ; Clerk,
Hubbard Hidden; Treasurer, J. I robert ; Justice
of the Peace, J. A. Patrick ; School Inspector, A. B.
GuUey ; Highway Commissioner, Wm. Morehouse ;
Poor Directors, C. Pohen, D. D. Tompkins; Drain
Commissioner, T. Dort; Constables, O A. DeLong,
T. Dixon, L. Mundinger, J. Campbell.

1873. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, Hub-
bard Hidden ; Treasurer, C. Gregory ; Justice of
the Peace, W. Kihen ; Highway Commissioner,
W. Ward; Drain Commissioner, A. B. Gulley ;
School Inspector, S. P. Duffield ; Poor Directors,
J. C. Brock, J. Fox; Constables, F. Bartz, J. For-
sythe, L. Mundinger, J. Roberts.

1874. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander ; Treasurer, C. Gregory ; Justices of
the Peace, W, Daly, J. H. Thompson; Highway
Commissioners, M. Vrooman ; Drain Commis-
sioner, A. Harger; School Inspector, A. Sloss ;
Constables, T. Dixon, O. A. DeLong, A. M. Shaw,
J. Burger

1875 Supervisor, Wm. Daly; Clerk, Hubbard
Hidden; Treasurer, J. Fox ; Justice of the Peace,
W. M. Holton ; Highway Commissioner, J. H.
Thompson ; Drain Commissioner, J. Campbell ;
School Inspector, A. Sloss; Superintendent of
Schools, J. B. Chapman; Constables, G.Mitte, C.
Purdy, B. H. Purdy, A. M. Shaw.

1876. Supervisor, John Cosby; Clerk, Hubbard
Hidden; Treasurer, J. Fox; Justice of the Peace,
C. N. Brainard ; School Inspectors, F. R. Ward,

A. T. Sloss; Highway Commissioner, A. B. Gul-
le^; ; Supt. Schools, F. R. Ward ; Constables, F.
Bartz, L C, Walker, H. Longbush, J. M. For-
sythe.

1877. Supervisor, John Cosby; Clerk, John W.
Alexander ; Treasurer, J. Fox ; Justice of the
Peace, J. H.Thompson; Supt. Schools, G. W.
Long; School Inspector, G, W. Long; Highway
Commisisoner, F. A. Gulley; Drain Commissioner,
A. Lapham ; Constables, G. Mitte, F. Bartz, J.
Magoonaugh, J. P. Frank.

1878. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander; Treasurer, J. Fox; Justice of the
Peace, Wm. Daly; Supt. School, F. R. Ward;
School Inspector, W. Sloss ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. y. Thompson ; Drain Commissioner, J.
Probert ; Constables, J. P. Frank, J. Magoonaugh,
F. H. Bartz, J.Burns.

1879. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander ; Treasurer, J. Ford ; Justice of the
Peace, W. M. Holton ; Supt. Schools, G. W.
Long ; School Inspector, J. Probert ; Highway
Commissioner, J. H. Thompson; Constables, J.
Magoonaugh, C. Randall, G. Mitte, F. H. Bartz.

1880. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander, Treasurer, James Ford ; Justice of
the Peace, Chas. N. Brainard; School Inspector, A.
T. Sloss ; Supt. of Schools. Geo W. Long ; Drain
Commissioner, J. Probert ; Highway Commissioner,
J. H. Thompson ; Constables, G. Mitte, C. Ran-
dall, F H. Bartz, J. W. Forsythe.

i88r. Supervisor, Charles N. Brainard; Clerk,
Hubbard Hidden; Treasurer, C. H. Purdy; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J. H. Thompson ; Supt. of
Schools, O. P. Gulley; School Inspector, A. T.
Sloss ; Highway Commissioner, S. L. Howard ;
Constables, C. Forsythe, J. Fenelos, Wm. Strafrex,
C. Languish

188 ». Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, Hub-
bard Hidden ; Treasurer, J. Jubb ; Justice of the
Peace, A. Wagner ; Highway Commissioner, S L.
Howard; Drain Commissioner, A. B Gulley;
School Inspectors, O. P. Gulley, A. T. Sloss; Con-
stables, J. Fenelos, W. H. Lowrie, C. Forsythe, A.
Mundinger.

1883 Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander; Treasurer, J. Jubb ; Justice of the
Peace, W. M. Holton ; Highway Commissioner,
S. L Howard; School Inspector, O. P Gulley;
Constables. James Magoonaugh, John Blake, A.
Mundinger, J. Giller.

1884. Supervisor, William Daly; Clerk, John
W. Alexander ; Treasurer, Wm H. Halpin; Justices
of the Peace, E. Howard; School Inspector, A. T
Sloss; Drain Commissioner, A. B. Gulley; Hign-
way Commissioner, S. L. Howard ; Constables, W.
Ham, C. Forsythe, A. Mundinger, J. Magoonaugh.

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1265

1885. Supervisor, Jared A. Sexton; Clerk, John
W.Alexander; Treasurer, Wm. H. Halpin ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, John Cosby ; School Inspector,
S. B. Long; Highway Commissioner, J. Theisen ;
Constables, C. Schrader, J. Magoonaugh, A.
Schloff, F. Peba.

1886. Supervisor, Samuel B. Long; Clerk, Ar-
thur T. Sloss; Treasurer, John Cosby; Justice of
the Peace, A. Wagner; School Inspector, H. M.
Snow ; Drain Commissioner, Saml. Cogswell :
Highway Commissioner, J. Theisen ; Constables,
J. Magoonaugh, C. Hess, C. Forsythe, F. Miller.

1887. Supervisor, Samuel B. Long; Clerk, John
W. Alexander; Treasurer, E. Howard; Justice of
the Peace, Wm. M. Holton; Highway Commis-
sioner, S. L Howard: School Inspector, F. R.
Ward ; Constables, C. F. Forsythe. J. Magoonaugh,
W. A. Blake, S. McNutt.

t888 Supervisor, Samuel B. Long; Clerk, John
W. Alexander ; Treasurer, C. T. Forsythe ; Justice
of the Peace, J. Theisen; Highway Commissioner,
S. L. Howard; School Inspector, J. A. Sexton;
Drain Commissioner, J. Fox; Constables, J. Ma-
goonaugh, L Bucklin, A. Steward, R. Campbell.

1889 Supervisor, Samuel B. Long; Clerk, W.
H. Hatton ; Treasurer, C. F. Forsythe; Justice of
the Peace, John Cosby ; Highway Commissioner,
S. L. Howard; School Inspectors, F. R. Ward, T.
J. Owen ; Constables, Wm. Ham, A. Klett, J. Law-
rence, C. Randall, Jr.

1890. Supervisor, Wm. Walton; Clerk, Joseph
Cronogue ; Treasurer, Joshua Jubb ; Highway
Commissioner, O. P. Gulley ; Justice of the Peace,
A. Wagner; School Inspector, J. A. Sexton; Drain
Commissioner, D. D. Tompkins ; Board of Review,
John Dailey ; Constables, J. Magoonaugh, A. Snider.
J. Pierce, J. Burns.

DEARBORN, FORMERLY DEARBORNVILLE.

This village is located on the line of the M. C. R.R.'
on Sections 21 and 22, of Town 2 South, Range
10 East, on the banks of the River Rouge, the loca-
tion being one of the finest in the county. It is said
that there were white settlers here even before the
American occupation began. The earliest known
settler, Titus Dort, began brick making on the Rouge
in 1829, near the site of the present village.

The place received its earliest and largest encour-
agement from the establishment here of a United
States arsenal. The site of the arsenal was selected
while it was still government land, in July, 1832, by
a board of officers appointed for the purpose. The
corner stone of the main building was laid on July
30, 1833, and the building completed in 1837. The
establishment consisted of eleven brick buildings,
erected about a central square having 360 feet on a
side. The principal building occupied the center

of the eastern side of the square, and was 1 20 feet
long by 30 feet deep, and three stories high, exclusive
of the basement. It was intended for the principal
armory. The buildings surrounding this square
w^ere connected by a continuous wall of heavy
masonry, 12 feet high, and were calculated to
accommodate tw^o officers and fifty artificers and
workmen, and, in case of an emergency, would
easily accommodate double that number About
four years after the arsenal was built. Captain
Webb, who was in charge, claimed that an old log
tavern, about half a mile east, owned by David
Thompson, was located on ground belonging to the
government, and he therefore ordered it removed.
His orders not being obeyed, he called together
about fifty soldiers and employes of the United
States, and they tore down the buildings. Colonel
Joshua Howard, who had located and erected the
arsenal, and was still living at Dearborn, objected
to these doings, and sought to prevent them, as did
also other citizens, but their expostulations were of
no avail. During the altercation that took place, a
Mr. Potter, who resided at Dearborn, was struck on
the head with a club, and the blow was believed to
have been the cause of his death, which took place
soon after.

By Act of February 13, 1849, the State military
stores, field artillery and equipage were ordered
stored at Dearborn, and the arsenal was occupied
by the Government up to August 15, 1875, on which
date its use as an arsenal was officially discontinued.
The serviceable munitions, mostly infantry equip-
ments, and old guns, were then sent to the Rock
Island arsenal, and the balance sold at auction.
The grounds, containing about 235 acres, were then
surveyed, laid out into lots, and in 1 877 portions of
the property were sold at auction, and from time to
time other portions have been sold, and about half
of the property has now been disposed of.

John Cosby was custodian in charge from 1850
until October 24, 1878, when he was succeeded by
Joseph A Patrick, who continued until 1885, when
Bernard Magoonaugh was appointed. At the time
of its erection, the arsenal was the finest and largest
structure in the State, and wnth the neat and walled-
in grounds, surpassed in appearance every improve-
ment in this region. It was thought a large city of
importance would soon be built up, and speculation
in city lots was the rage. EUiot Gray, of Detroit,
had a boat, the " General Jackson," built at Mt.
Clemens, to ply between Dearborn and Detroit, on
the River Rouge, but after a few trips, want of
patronage, suspended her voyages.

The plat of the village was recorded by Paul D.
Anderson, in 1833, and the village incorporated on
April 5, 1838, The first election was to be held on
the first Monday in May. The Act of incorporation

1266

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

was repealed on May 1 1, 1846. According to Blois's
Gazetteer, of 1839, the settlement then had a saw-
mill, flourmill, seven stores, two blacksmith shops,
and an iron foundry, in which horse power was
used. The population numbered sixty families.
The population in 1870 was 530, in 1880 it was
reported at 410. At the sale of a portion of the
government property, in 1877, the township pur-
chased the building in which was the lavatory,
paint shop and commissary quarters, and, removing
the inside partitions, converted the building into a
town hall, which will seat five hundred persons ; it
cost about $1,200. There is' also a Masonic Hall,
which was erected in 1869, and is occupied by
Dearborn Lodge, No. 172. The lodge was organ-
ized on April 10, 1865, but their warrant bears the
date of January 11, 1866.

The most imposing structure in the place is the
institution known as St Joseph's Retreat for the
Insane. It was originally located in Detroit, and
its earlier history is fully given elsewhere in this
work. The property on Michigan Avenue, in
Detroit, was sold in 1887, and the present building
erected in 1885. It is located on the government
road, about three-quarters of a mile west of the
Michigan Central Railroad depot. The building is
of brick, and has a frontage of 400 feet, with a
depth of 180 feet. The main building is four
stories high, and the two wings three stories high.
The cost of erection was $220,000. It was opened
on Nov. I, 1886. The grounds consist of 140 acres,
of which 100 were obtained in exchange for the
five acres of city property. The estimated cost of
the land is $35,000. Six male attendants and sixteen
sisters are employed in its management, all under
the direction of the Sister Superior, Mary Borgia.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church has a clear right to be considered a
lineal descendant of the oldest and earliest church
organization in Michigan. A Methodist Episcopal
Church was established near Dearborn in the year
1 8 10, and after the close of the War of 18 12, on
March 31, 181 8, a church building, located about
two miles east of the present village, was dedicated
by the same society, and aside from the Moravian
Church, erected near Mt. Clemens, in 1782, it was
the first Protestant church erected in Michigan. In
Chapter 57 of this work a detailed history of these
events is given. Four years after the erection of
the church, in June, 1822, Rev. John P. Kent,
assisted by the Rev. Wm. Case, presiding elder of
the Upper Canada district, held a camp meeting
near the church, on the farm of Wm. Stacey, one
of the members, and this was doubtless the first
camp meeting held in Michigan. Subsequent to
this time, and as early as 1828, the locality was
included in what was known as the Huron Mission,

and was regularly supplied with preaching by the
Methodist itinerants, but by this time the log church
ceased to be used, and services were held in private
houses. The following ministers officiated : 1828-
1829, Benjamin Cooper; 1 829-1 830, Leonard B.
Gurley; 1832-1834, W. H. Brockway ; 1835-1837,
E. H. Pilcher ; 1837, W. H. Brockway. In Decem-
ber of this year, on a lot bought of Joshua Howard,
for $50, the society began the erection of a new
church, and in May of 1838 it was dedicated. It
seated 200. In 1871, a lot for a parsonage was
purchased, at a cost of- $100, and soon after a par-
sonage, costing about $1,000, was finished. In
1887, at a cost of $350, the congregation purchased
a lot on the northeast corner of Military Avenue
and Chicago Road, on which it is proposed to erect
a new building. The pastors since 1837 have been
as follows : 1838, Wm. H. Brockway ; 1839- 1840,
Adam Minnis, John Babcock and Jonathan Blanch-
ard ; 1841, John Gray, Wm. Taylor; 1842, John
Gray and Alonzo Fleming : 1843, G. J. Shurtliff and
H. Penfield ; 1844, Alonzo Fleming, Chas. Bruce;
1845, J. Blanchard, W. W. Hayes; 1846, D. Bush,
and W. Benson; 1847, D. Bush and F. Glass;
1848, Isaac Abbott and B. F. Prichard ; 1849, W.
Mothersill and R. Bird; 1850, I. F. Collins and
W. Fox; 1851, S. Bessey and W. Fox; 1852, S.
Bessey and J. C. Wortley ; 1853, A. Steel and C. W.
Seaman ; 1854, Curtis Mosher; 1855, J. H. Caster;
1856, J. W. Kellogg; 1857, J. W. Kellogg and A J.
Bigelow : 1858, J. Levington and W. C. Way ; 1859,
W. C. Way; i860, G. Smith; 1861-1863, B. F.
Hedgerand C. L. Church; 1863-1865, J. W Kel-
logg; 1865-1868, J. W. Kellogg; 1868, R. Bird;
1869, R. C. Lanning; 1870, A. Allen; 1871, J. S.
Sutton; 1872-1875, J.R.Noble; 1875-1877, G. W.
Owen; 1877-1879, J. M. Truscott ; 1879-1882, D. J.
Odell; 1882-1885, L. C. York; 1 885-1887, S. E.
Warren; 1887, G. W. Lowe; 1888, F. Berry; 1889,
W. Cooke.

EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION CHURCH.

This church was started as a mission in i860. A
church building was erected at a cost of $1,000,
and it has since been enlarged and improved at a
cost of about $1,500, and will now seat 250. On
April 18, 1875, it became a self-supporting church,
with Rev. Daniel Heininger pastor in charge. The
subsequent pastors have been : Rev. F. F. Mayer,
from April, 1876; Rev. J. M. Fuchs, from April,
1877; Rev. John Orth, from April. 1878; Rev. C.J.
Koch, from April, 1880; Rev. John Meek, from
April, 1882; Rev. Jacob Young, from April, 1885;
Rev. Christian Ude, from April, 1888. The mem-
bership in 1875 was* 140, and in 1880, 119.

SACRED HEART CATHOLIC CHURCH.

This society was organized in 1836, the first mass

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1267

being celebrated by Rev. Father O. Kavanah, at
the house of Mrs. Ryan, in that year. In 1837, and
also in 1839, mass was celebrated in private houses
by Rev. Father Cullum. In 1842, Rev. Martin
Kundig officiated ; next after him came Rev.
Messrs. Laurence Kilroy and — Dillon. About
1843, Rev. Dr. Farnham came; he was followed
by Rev. P Kindekins and Rev. A. Vandendriessche.
The first regular resident pastor was Rev. Father
Pulsers, who came in 1852, and remained some
three years. Rev. P. O. Kelly came on April 27,
1866, served two years and then passed away.
His successor, Father Lemogie, remained a little
over a year, and then the church was served by
various pastors, among whom were Rev. Edward
Dumont and Rev. Edward Kindekins. In 1862, E.
Van Paemel became the pastor, and remained until
1872. His successor, Rev. P. B. Murray, was fol-
lowed by Rev. H. P. Delbeau, who came on January
24, 1873, and remained one year. After him came
Rev. Leitner, for six months, and then Rev. P. Kil-
roy. Rev M. H. Schacken was appointed on Sep-
tember 14, 1874, and remained until 1877. His
successors were Rev. Muer, from 1877 to 1883;
Rev. John Reichenbach, from 1883 to 1885; Rev.
Louis Van Straelen, from 1885 to 1887; Rev.
Francis Broegger, from 1887.

The first church building was erected in 1843,
and was several times moved and at various times
remodelled and improved. It was moved to the
present site, and practically rebuilt, in November,

1874, and on January 12, 1875, was consecrated. A
large and flourishing school of about one hundred
scholars is maintained. The graveyard of two
acres, established in 1862, was newly fenced in

1875, ai^d a neat Gothic chapel erected through the
liberality of Wm. Kelly and Mrs. J. Magoonaugh,
and on May 2, 1876, the cemetery was blessed by
the Bishop, and newly christened as Mount Kelly
Cemetery. The parish, in 1888, numbered one
hundred families.

BAPTIST CHURCH (EXTINCT).

This society was organized on December 16,
1 840, as a branch of the First Baptist Church, of
Detroit. On July 3, 1842, it was organized as an
independent church. There has never been any
regular pastor. The services were held in the
Presbyterian Church, and conducted by ministers
from Detroit. In 1853, a lot west of the Johnson
House was purchased, but the society never erected
a building. The last meeting was held on April
14, 1875, when the members met, voted themselves
letters, and the society disbanded.

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This society was organized in 1840, and in 1848
they dedicated a church which seated loo, and cost

$500. The present valuation of their property is
$2,200. The membership has never been large,
and for some years they have had no pastor or any
regular services.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This society was organized June 12, 1867. Their
church lot cost $400, and their building $4,500. It
was dedicated in 1871, and will seat 200. Rev. C.
W. Fitch, Chaplain United States Army, at Fort
Wayne, Michigan, was the first rector. He com-
menced his duties in January, 1867, and remained
until the autumn of 1874. Between this time and
September, 1876, Rev. H. Banwell served as rector
for three months. The church was kept open by
lay readers, with occasional services by clergymen,
until September i, 1876, when Rev. J. C. Brown
became rector, and so remained for nine years.
The term of Rev. T. R. Reid began October 10,
1886.

ST. PAUL'S FIRST EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN
U. A. C. CHURCH.

This society was organized August 22, 1870, by
Rev. Karl L. Moll, with twenty-three families. A
lot on Beech Street, in Farland's addition, was pur-
chased for $330, and a church erected in the sum-
mer of 1871. It cost $1,800, and will seat 250. A
school was started the year the church was built,
which has an average attendance of fifty. In 1880
the church numbered fifty-two families. Rev. Mar-
cus Halboth, the first pastor, continued till 1874,
when he was succeeded by Rev. Gustav Berndt,
who was still serving in 1888.

MESSIAH ADVENTIST CHURCH.
This society was organized in 1874. A lot about
a mile southwest of the village was donated, and a
church, seating 160 persons, and costing $1,500,
was dedicated in 1875. At the organization of the
church there was twenty members, and in 1889 six.
The present valuation of the property is $i,coo.
Rev. C. W. Learned was the first and only regular
pastor.

The Detroit Stock Brick Company was estab-
lished in 1868, and passed into the possession of
A. Wagner & Son, in 1875. The yard covers
twenty-eight acres, they giving employment to
twenty-eight men, and manufacture upwards of
three million bricks annually. The shipments re-
quire about 500 cars each year. They also manu-
facture about eighty thousand feet of tile annually.

WALLACEVILLE.

This village is located on Section 6, and is named
after John B. Wallace, a lumber manufacturer, who
conducts the chief business of the place. There
are also several small shops.

1268

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

ELIZUR R. CARVER was born A pril 1 6, 1 830, at
Marietta, Ohio and is the son of John and Mary
Carver. He was educated in Detroit, and at the
age of sixteen began to work for the government,
in the arsenal at Dearborn, After working there
for some time, he became a clerk in a dry-goods
store at that place. From there he went to Aurora,
New York, and was employed by John Allen, a
dry-goods merchant. While in New York he mar-
ried a daughter of Dr Talman subsequently re-
turning to Michigan, where Mrs Carver died, leav-
ing two sons and one daughter. The latter only is
now living. After his return to Michigan, Mr Car-
ver engaged in the grocery business at Detroit for
a number of years, having his store at the corner
of Monroe Avenue and what is now known as Ca-
dillac Square. From Detroit he removed to Dear-
born, where he engaged in farming. At the out-
break of the War with the South, he enlisted as a
private in Berdan's Sharpshooters, and for bravery
and gallant services was Vapidly promoted, until
at the time of his resignation, in 1862, he held the
position of Captain Shortly after his return from
the War he married Rosella Fox, of Detroit.
They had two children namely, Walter and Bir-
die.

While returning home from Detroit, on Septem-
ber 7, 1883, Captain Carver's horse became fright-
ened at a train of cars, and, running away, threw
him over the bank of the Rouge, and he was
drowned.

He was a Republican in politics, but was so en-
gaged in business, that he had no inclination for
political office, and though repeatedly requested by'
his friends to run for office, he always declined.

In religious affairs his sympathies were with the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and he was generally
esteemed and respected.

WILLIAM DALY was born at Killarney,
County of Kerry, Ireland, on March 25, 1819.
His parents, John and Mary Daly, emigrated to
this country, coming direct to Detroit, w^here they
arrived in June, 1837. William received his edu-
cation in Ireland, and for a short time before he
came to this country attended college. After his
arrival in Detroit, during 1837 and 1838, he worked
for Mayor Kearsley. In 1839, he went to Chicago,
and helped to grade up the first street in that city.
In 1841, he began sailing on the steamboat " Erie,"
and' while on the Detroit River, the boiler exploded.
Five or six men were killed, and he had a narrow

escape from death, being badly scalded and burned.
He was married on November 26, 1842, to Mary
Lester, a native of Kilkenny, Ireland, the same
year he settled in Dearborn, and engaged in farming,
and is still living on the same farm of 160 acres

Mr. Daly has always taken an active part in the
public affairs of the township in which he lives,
and has held every office within the disposal of his
fellow-citizens In 1843 he was elected Poor Di-
rector, and continued to hold the office for twenty
years. In 1844, he was made Highway Commis-
sioner, remaining in that office for eighteen years.
For twenty-four years in succession he fulfilled the
duties of Justice of the Peace, being first elected in
1858. In 1863, he was elected Supervisor of the
township, and held the office for eighteen years.
He was also County Superintendent of the Poor
for six years, and School Director for twenty years.
That he gave satisfaction as a public official is
abundantly evidenced by the number of offices he
has filled, and by the length of time he held each
office.

Mr Daly has always been a Democrat in poli-
tics, and has done much active work in furthering
the interests of the party. He is a Catholic in his
religious views, and amongst his most pleasant recol-
lections is the fact that he helped to build the first
Catholic Church in Dearborn, drawing the timber
with his own team and hewing it himself.

His wife died April 6, 1887, leaving four sons,
Patrick, John, James and Thomas, and one daughter,
Mrs. Gleason, of Detroit. The sons are all re-
spected, and have large farms of their own in the
immediate neighborhood of the old homestead.
Personally Mr. Daly has a genial disposition, is
generous of heart, and firm in his friendships. His
love for his adopted country is only equaled by his
pride in her greatness and prosperity. By his
thrift and economy he has laid up a comfortable
fortune for himself and his children, and his integ-
rity and good qualities have secured to him the
esteem of his fellow-citizens, who have shown their
high regard by conferring upon him year after
year all the honors at their command.

JAMES GARDNER was born on November
14, 1844, on the old Gardner homestead, at the
Scotch settlement in the township of Dearborn.
His father, Richard Gardner, was a native of
Wroxton, Oxfordshire, England, and came to this
country in his eighteenth year, landing in 1828.
After remaining in Detroit and vicinity for three

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DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1269

years he settled on his farm in Dearborn on which
he continued to Hve for a period of fifty years He
was a man of strict integrity and having a good
education his services were often required by his
fellow-citizens in various capacities. He served as
Justice of the Peace for tw^enty-four years, and as
Supervisor for twelve years, besides repeatedly fill-
ing minor positions. The great confidence his
friends had in his honesty and integrity is evidenced
by the fact that he was almost continuously
wanted to act as guardian of various orphan child-
ren, and as administrator of the estates of various
persons. He died on May 15, 1878, in his 71st year
of age. His mother, formerly a Miss Gould, came
to this country from Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in
1 83 1. She possessed a kind and genial disposi-
tion, and was universally respected and loved. She
had ten children, of whom James Gardner was the
seventh. When old enough he attended the dis-
trict school in winter and worked on the farm in
summer. After he had reached the age of twenty-
one, he left home, going to Iowa and Minnesota.
At the end of two years he returned, and shortly
after bought a farm in Monroe County, upon which
he resided for six years. After his father's death
he returned to Dearborn, and buying out the inter-
est of his brothers and sisters in the old homestead,
he moved there, and has lived upon it ever since.
He was married on November 29, 1882, to Miss
Jennie Flaherty; she died on April 6, 1884. They
had no children.

Mr Gardner inherited many of the sterling quali-
ties of his father. He is modest and conversative
in disposition, and his strict probity has won him
the confidence and respect of his fellow-townsmen.
His neighbors have frequently tried to persuade
him to hold office, but with the exception of serving
several terms as School Director, he has always de-
clined.

Mr Gardner is a communicant in the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and has done much to promote
the interests of that church in his vicinity. He de-
votes his time to agriculture, and his farm, which
is in a splendid state of cultivation, plainly shows
the benefit of his attention. He uses all the latest
improvements in labor and time-saving machinery,
and the farm is thoroughly stocked with fine breeds
of horses and cattle. Mr Gardner's industry and
attention to his farm has brought him excellent re-
turns, and the future presents prospects upon
which he may well be congratulated.

EDWARD SPARROW SNOW, M. D., the

subject of this sketch, is a native of Austinburg,
Ashtabula County, Ohio, where he was born July 5,
1820. His parents, Sparrow and Clara (Kneeland)
Snow, were natives of Massachusetts, of English

descent, and were married in Sandersfield, Berkshire
County, in 181 r. They emigrated to Ohio in 18 17,
and settled in Ashtabula County, on wild land,
which, by the most arduous labor, was cleared and
made into a fertile farm. Here they raised a
family of four girls and four boys, and here they
lived until separated by the death of Mrs. Snow.

The early part of the life of Edward S. was
passed at hard work on the farm, with such school-
ing as could be obtained at the district school, until
1 838, when the young man, feeling that he desired
some other avocation, and realizing that an educa-
tion must be the foundation, entered the Grand
River Institute, where he graduated with honors in
1842. While at this institute he displayed the pluck
and energy which has characterized his whole life,
for he not only supported himself, but paid for his
tuition, bought his books, clothes, etc., and had
saved $25 when he finished.

Not having decided on a profession, and having
been one of the most expert in the class of survey-
ing, and understanding and liking the business of a
surveyor, he thought that if he could combine
pleasure with profit in traveling through the almost
unknown West, that it might be advantageous, and
with this end in view, made application for a posi-
tion as one of the governmental surveyors of the
Northwest Territory. This application was made
through his representative in Congress, Joshua R.
Giddings, the well-known anti-slavery politician.
About this time an intimate friend was taken with a
serious and protracted illness, during which he was
faithfully nursed by Edward, who, becoming greatly
interested in watching the effects of the remedies
administered, was strongly advised by the attending
physician to take up the study of medicine, and this
advice was followed after careful consideration.
Before commencing his medical studies he spent
two years in teaching school, spending a year each
at Palmyra and at Jefferson, Ohio. This work
finished, he began preparing himself for his chosen
profession, under the tutorship of Dr. O. K. Hawley,
and in 1847 graduated from the Western Reserve
Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio. Still thinking
the West the place for the young man who had his
own way to make in the world, he determined to go
to Missouri, but just as he was starting, he was
requested by a friend to go to Plymouth, Wayne
County, Michigan, and take charge of the practice
of Dr. Markham, who wished to take a vacation to
recuperate his health. From Plymouth he soon
removed to his present home in Dearborn, arriving
with but a slender supply of medicine furnished by
Dr Markham, and in debt for the horse that he
rode. Here he was successful from the start, and
soon found himself in possession of all the practice
that he could attend to. The year following he was

1 270

DEARBORN TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

appointed surgeon in charge of the United States
arsenal, located at Dearborn, and with the exception
of the next year, held that position twenty-five
years, until the abandonment of the arsenal by the
government, and at one time he had over 1,400
men under his care.

He was married on October 22, 1850, to Elizabeth
Austin, of Austinburg, Ohio. They had two chil-
dren, Herbert Montgomery and Edward Auch-
muty. The last named died on September 8, 1884.

When he first located at Dearborn, the Michigan
Central Railroad was completed only to Dexter,
and was about the only railroad in Michigan. The
country was covered with forests, almost the only
roads were bridle paths through the woods, and for
a number of years nearly all his traveling was done
on horseback. In 1857, having bonght a large tract
of land in the outskirts of the village, he built his
present home, and has resided there continuously
since that time. Shortly after coming to Dearborn,
hs was appointed one of the surgeons of the Michi-
gan Central Railroad, a position he has held for the
last forty-three years. He has long been a member
of the State Medical Society, has held an office in
that body several times, and has been its repre-
sentative in the meetings af the National Medical
Association held at Washington, Louisville, Buffalo,
Chicago, New York, St. Paul and Detroit ; has also
been a member of the Wayne County Medical
Society since its organization, and has been an
official of that body a number of times. In 1876,
at a meeting of the Medical Alumni of the Uni-
versity of Michigan, he was unanimously elected a
member of that body. There is but one physician
in Michigan who has been in practice as long as Dr.
Snow, and while his strength will not permit him to
do as much work as formerly, he is still in practice.

While not a politician, he has always taken an
active interest in politics, and has always been a
staunch Republican. He has had some experience
in military matters, having served two years as
Adjutant of the First Rifle Regiment, Second
Brigade and Twenty-first Division of Ohio, under
Colonel Tracy and General Stearns. During the
late war he promised to attend, and did attend, as
physician, free of charge, to any family furnishing a
volunteer to the Federal army, during the absence
of the volunteer, or incase of death, during the war.
His travels through the United States and Europe
have been extensive. On his last trip to Europe he

inspected very thoroughly the Paris Exposition, and
met some of the most eminent surgeons in the world.
Dr. Snow has never used tobacco or intoxicating
drinks in any form, and has always been a strong
advocate of temperance. His character has always
been of unswerving integrity, and his successful life
shows that no boy with resolution and industry
need fear failure.

JOHN B. WALLACE was born on October 22,
1809, at Pultney, Steuben County, New York, and
is the son of Samuel and Elizabeth Wallace, both
of whom were natives of Saratoga County, New
York. He received his education in the district
school, and when twenty-one years of age began
teaching. After one year's service as a teacher, he
came to Michigan, settling in Dearborn in 1831.
He subsequently engaged in lumbering in the woods
on Black River, and on his return to Dearborn pur-
chased a lumber mill and continued to operate it
until 1870. In connection therewith he also worked
a large and well-stocked farm. Although unusually
busy with his own affairs, Mr. Wallace performed
the duties of Justice of the Peace for sixteen years,
served as Highway Commissioner for a long period,
and in 1859 was elected a member of the State
Legislature, serving one term, He has also been
Postmaster of Wallaceville, where he resides, for
more than twenty-five consecutive years, and still
holds the office Mr.Wallace has been a Republican
in politics since the birth of that party, and, to use
his own w^ords, " is a stronger Republican than ever."

In June, 1838, he married Irene M. Nelson, of
Manchester, New York. They have had ten chil-
dren, namely, Howard H., Jesse N., and Albert A. ;
the last was killed in the battle of the W' ilderness.
The other children wefe Amasa E., John A., Samuel
E., William M., Alice A., Annette L, and Floretta F.

He once suffered a severe loss by fire, which
swept away three thousand dollars worth of his prop-
erty, but by hard work and strict attention to his
business, Mr. Wallace has accumulated a compe-
tence, and, better than this, has the esteem of his
neighbors. He is one of the oldest inhabitants in
his part of the country, possesses an approachable,
genial disposition, makes friends easily, and retains
them as surely. Although upwards of eighty years
old, he is still mentally alert and vigorous, and loves
to recall the struggles of the past, and contrast them
with present and future prospects and achievements.

'^j /J n2t/i.

^:^/e<L

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1271

ECORCE TOW NSH I P.

This township was first created on April 12, 1827,
and then included also what is now the township of
Taylor. The township now known as Taylor was
detached from Ecorce by Act of April, 1847. The
first township meeting for Ecorce township was
held at the house of Daniel Goodell, on Monday,
May 28, 1827. The township was called Ecorce,
because of the stream by that name which flows
through it. The population of the township in
1850 was 653; in i860, 2,399; ^^ ^^70' 2,211 ; in
1880, 2,648, The valuation of the property in the
township in several decades was as follows : 1840,
$197,190; 1850,141,167; 1860,1269,072; 1870,
$185,419; 1880, $890,000. The township officers
for the several years have been as follows ;

1827. Supervisor, James Cicotte ; Clerk, Na-
thaniel Case ; Assessors, Daniel Goodell, Nathaniel
Clark, James Jacox; Highway Commissioners,
Louis Laduc, Jonas Goodell, Simon Rousseau ; Col-
lector, Daniel Goodell,

1828. Supervisor, James Cicotte and Daniel
Goodell, each part of the year ; Clerk, Nathaniel
Case ; Assessors, Joseph Corbus, Dominick Bondy,
Charles Barrow ; Highway Commissioners, Jonas
Goodell, Alex. Frazer, Joseph Barrow, Jr. ; Over-
seers of the Poor, John B. Muziee, Antoine Oudin;
Collector, Joseph Barrow ; School Inspectors, Joseph
Corbus, Nathaniel Case ; Constable, Jonas Goodell.

1829. Supervisor, Daniel Goodell ; Clerk, Joseph
Barrow and Nathaniel Case, each part of year ;
Assessors, Dom. Bondy, Sr., Charles Baum, Joseph
Baum ; Highway Commissioners, Charles Baum,
Alexis Delisle, Louis Leduc ; Overseers of the Poor,
Antoine Oudin, Alexander Frazer; Collector, John
Palmer; School Inspectors, Daniel Goodell, Joseph
Baum, Samuel Abbott, John Palmer, Nathaniel Case.

1830. Supervisor, Daniel Goodell; Clerk, John
Palmer ; Assessors, Dom. Bondy, Charles Barrow,
D. Goodell ; Highway Commissioners, Jonas Good-
ell, Simon Rousseau, Amable Bondy ; Constable,
Jonas Goodell ; Collectors, Joseph Barrow and
Jonas Goodell, each part of year.

1 83 1. Supervisor, Daniel Goodell; Clerk, John
Palmer ; Assessors, John Palmer, Charles Barrow,
Dom. Bondy ; Highway Commissioners, Jonas
Goodell, Simon Rousseau, Lewis Cicotte ; Collector
and Treasurer, Jonas Goodell ; Constables, Jonas
Goodell, Thomas Knowlton.

1832. Supervisor, Daniel Goodell; Clerk, John
Palmer ; Assessors, D. Bondy, Chas. Barrow, John
Palmer ; Highway Commissioners, John Knaggs,
Lewis Cicotte, Simon Rousseau ; Collector, John

Palmer; Treasurer, Jonas Goodell; Constables,
Jonas Goodell, Peter Perry, James Palmer.

1833. Supervisor, John Palmer; Clerk, Daniel
Goodall ; Assessors, Lambert Beaubien, Wm. Bur-
bank, James Sutliff ; Highway Commissioners,
James Goodell, Simon Rousseau, Peter Coan ; Col-
lector, Jonas Goodell ; Constables, Jonas Goodell,
Peter Perry; Poor Director, Daniel Goodell ; School
Inspectors, Daniel Goodell, Lambert Beaubien and
John Palmer.

1834. Supervisor, John Palmer; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Assessors, Lambert Beaubien ; Wm.
Burbank, James Sutliff ; Highway Commissioners,
Jonas Goodell, Dom. Bondy, Peter Coan ; Trustees,
Daniel Goodell, Lambert Beaubien, Giles East-
wood ; School Commissioners, John f aimer, Peter
Coan, Paul Rise ; Poor Directors, Daniel Goodell,
Giles Eastwood ; Collector, Jonas Goodell ; Con-
stables, Jonas Goodell, Peter Perry, James Palmer.

1835. Supervisor, John Palmer; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Assessors, Wm. Burbank, Chas. Barron,
Lambert Beaubien ; Highway Commissioners,
Lewis Cicotte, Peter Perry, Lambert Beaubien ; Poor
Directors, Joseph Burreaux, Simon Rousseau ; Col-
lector, Peter Goodell ; Constables, Peter Goodell,
Peter Perry, James Palmer ; Treasurer, Dominick
Bondy.

1836. Supervisor, Jonas Goodell ; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell; Assessors, John Palmer, Lambert Beau-
bien, Wm. Burbank ; Highway Commissioners,
Peter Coan, John Palmer, Abram Griffin ; School
Commissioners, Daniel Goodell, Augustus Coan,
John Kelley; Collector and Constable, Peter Goodell;
Poor Directors, Simon Rousseau, Daniel Goodell ;
Justices of the Peace, Daniel Goodell, John Palmer,
Richard Sutliff, Austin D. Robinson.

1837. Supervisor, Jonas Goodell; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Assessors, Dom. Bondy, Joseph Visger,
Murray Sherman ; Highway Commissioners, John
Palmer, Lewis Cicotte, Martin Pierce ; Collector,
Peter Goodell ; Constables, Peter Goodell, James
Palmer, John Jarrett ; Poor Directors, Daniel
Goodell, John Palmer; School Commissioners, D. C.
Kelley ; Justice of the Peace, Peter Coan.

1838. Supervisor, Jonas Goodell; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Assessors, John Brass, Wm. Burbank,
Edward Campau ; Highway Commissioners, Jonas
Goodell, John Palmer, W. N. Steward ; Collector,
Peter Goodell ; Constables, Peter Goodell, H. B.
Reves, Chandler Wells; School Inspectors, John
Biddle, Jonas Goodell, Wm. Sutliff ; Justices of the
Peace, M. Wood, Joseph Visger.

1272

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1839. Supervisor, John Biddle ; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Assessors, Wm McVey. A. Campau,
Chas. Strand ; School Inspectors, John Biddle,
Jonas Goodell, Chas. Steward ; Highway Commis-
sioners, Jonas Goodell, John Palmer, Moses Steward;
Treasurer, Jonas Goodell ; Justice of the Peace,
Daniel Goodell ; Collector, Peter Goodell ; Con-
stables, Peter Goodell, Chandler Wells, H. B.
Reves ; Poor Directors, Wm. Burbank. John Blau.

1840. Supervisor, John Biddle ; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Assessors, John Palmer, Richard Sutliff,
Lewis Cicotte ; School Inspectors, John Biddle,
Joseph Visger, Charles Steward ; Highway Com-
missioners, Wm. Burbank, Jonas Goodell, W. N.
Steward ; Treasurer, Joseph Visger ; Collector,
Peter Goodell ; Constables, Peter Goodell, Chandler
Wells, Henry McVey ; Justices of the Peace, Daniel
Goodell, John Palmer, Joseph Visger; Poor Director,
J. Johnson.

1 841. Supervisor, John Biddle; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell; Assessors, John Palmer, Lewis Cicotte,
Richard Sutliff; Highway Commissioner, Jonas
Goodell, Wm. Burbank, N. P. Steward ; Justice of
the Peace, Peter Coan ; School Inspectors, John
Biddle, Charles Steward, Joseph Visger ; Treasurer,
Jonas Goodell ; Collector, Peter Goodell ; Con-
stables, Peter Goodell, Chandler Wells, Jesse Hicks.

1842. Supervisor, John Biddle; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Highway Commissioners, George Brandi-
cott, Wm. Burbank, Edward Campau ; Assessors,
John Palmer, Jared Sexton ; Justices of the Peace,
Daniel Goodell, Jared Sexton ; Treasurer^ Peter
Goodell; School Inspectors, John Biddle, Charles
Steward ; Constables, Peter Goodell, Chandler
Wells, Jesse A. Hicks : Overseer of the Poor,
Josiah Johnson.

1843. Supervisor, John Biddle; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Highway Commissioners, Charles Stew-
ard, Edward Campau, John Palmer; Treasurer,
Peter Goodell ; Constables, Peter Goodell, Edward
Visger, Chandler Wells ; School Inspectors, John
Biddle, Chas. Steward ; Overseer of the Poor,
Josiah Johnson.

1844. Supervisor, John Biddle ; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Highway Commissioners, Edward Cam-
pau, Lewis Cicotte, Wm. Sutliff ; Assessors, Peter
Le Blanc, Charles Steward ; Justices of the Peace,
Daniel Goodell, Joseph Visger, Hugh Henry ;
Treasurer, Peter Goodell , Directors of the Poor,
Edward Campau, Peter Coan ; School Inspector,
John Biddle.

1845. Supervisor, John Biddle; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Treasurer, Peter Goodell ; Justices of the
Peace, Peter Coan, Wm. Burbank ; Assessors,
Chas. Steward, Archibald Campau ; Poor Direct-
ors, Peter Perry ; Constables, Peter Goodell, Lewis
Cicotte, Chandler Wells.

1846. Supervisor, Joseph Visger; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell, ; Treasurer, Peter Goodell ; School In-
spector, Peter Goodell ; Assessors, Charles Steward.
Wm. H. Case ; Highway Commissioners; Lewis
Cicotte, Peter Perry, Wm. Sutliff; Justices of the
Peace, Joseph Visger, Hiram H Stone ; Poor Direc-
tors, Dominick Bondy, Peter Perry ; Constables,
Peter Goodell, Lewis Cicotte, Chandler Wells.

1847. Supervisor, Jonas Goodell ; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Treasurer, Peter Goodell ; Highway Com-
missioners, Peter Perry, Archibald Campau, Louis
Borassau ; Assessors, Wm. Burbank, George Le
Blanc ; Poor Directors, Peter Perry, Wm. Burbank ;
Constables, Peter Goodell, Abraham LeBlanc, D. B.
Reaume ; Justices of the Peace, Daniel Goodell,
Joseph Visger, Wm. H. Case, Michael T. Collard.

1848. Supervisor, Lewis Cicotte ; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell ; Treasurer, Peter Goodell ; School Inspec-
tor, Peter Goodell ; Highway Commissioner, John
Debeaux ; Assessors, Joseph Visger, James Bondy ;
Constables, Peter Goodell, Joseph B. Goodell,
David LeBlanc ; Poor Directors. Peter Perry,
Joseph Visger ; Justice of the Peace, Wm. Burbank.

1849. Supervisor, Lewis Cicotte; Clerk, Daniel
Goodell; Treasurer, James A. Visger; Justices of
the Peace, L. P. Felt, L. A. Wells ; School Inspec-
tors, Joseph Visger, L. P. Felt ; Assessors, Joseph
Vi.sger, James Bondy ; Highway Commissioner,
Joseph Cicotte; Poor Directors, Toussant LeBlanc,
A. D. Bordino.

1850. Supervisor, Lewis Cicotte; Clerk, L. P.
Felt; Treasurer, James A. Visger; School Inspec-
tors, L. B. Wells, Joseph Visger; Justices of the
Peace, Lewis Cicotte, Joseph Visger; Highway
Commissioner, Archibald Campau; Constables,
James Goodell, Joseph Delisle, John Cicotte, Andre
Buchia ; Poor Directors, James Bondy, Moses Sal-
liotte ; Assessors, George LeBlanc, Lewis Burnham.

1 85 1. Supervisor, Lewis Cicotte; Clerk, Laurence
P. Felt ; Treasurer, James A. Visger; Justice of
the Peace, Wm. Witherspoon ; Road Commissioner,
James Bondy; Assessors, John Debo, William
Delisle ; Constables, John B. Cicotte, Joseph Delisle,
Peter King, David LeBlanc ; Poor Director, Eman-
uel Lacroix.

1852. Supervisor, Lewis Cicotte; Clerk, David
LeBlanc ; Treasurer, James A. Visger ; Justice of
the Peace, Laurence P. Felt ; School Inspectors,
Wm. Witherspoon, L. P. Felt ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Wm. Delisle; Constables, Peter King,
Joseph Goodell, Cleophas Goodell, Joseph Vernett ;
Assessors, John Debo, Francis Labadie ; Poor Di-
rector, Emanuel Lacroix.

1853. Supervisor, Louis Cicotte; Clerk, David
LeBlanc ; Treasurer, James A. Visger ; Justices of
the Peace, Louis Cicotte, Daniel Goodell ; Highway
Commissioner, Cleophas Goodell ; Constables, An-

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

^^n

toine LeBlanc, Joseph Goodell, Joseph Bondy, Peter
King ; Poor Director, Peter Perry; School Inspector,
Daniel Goodell.

1854. Supervisor, Louis Cicotte ; Clerk, David
LeBlanc; Treasurer, James A. Visger ; Justices of
the Peace, Joseph Visger, Louis Cicotte ; Highway
Commissioner, Francis Campau ; Constables, J. B.
Cicotte, Peter King, Joseph Goodell, Joseph Delisle;
Poor Director, Peter Perry ; School Inspector, Wm.
Witherspoon ; Assessors, Joseph Visger, Edward
Cicotte.

1855. Supervisor, Louis Cicotte; Clerk, David
LeBlanc ; Treasurer, James A. Visger ; Justices of
the Peace, Wm^ Witherspoon, Leander Ferguson,
Wm. Sickles ; School Inspector, Wm. Sickles ;
Highway Commissioner, Peter Perry ; Assessors,
Leander Ferguson, Edmund Visger ; Poor Director,
Edmund Visger ; Constables, Cleophas Goodell,
John B. Cicotte, George S. Beebe, Antoine LeBlanc.

1856. Supervisor, Edmund Visger ; Clerk, Fred-
erick Ferguson; Treasurer, James A. Visger; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Daniel Goodell ; School Inspector,
Wm. Witherspoon ; Highway Commissioner, Wel-
come DeHsle ; Poor Director, Emanuel Lacroix ;
Constables, Peter King, Joseph Delisle, Joseph
Goodell, Antoine LeBlanc.

1857. Supervisor, Edmund Visger ; Clerk, David
LeBlanc; Treasurer, Wm. Witherspoon; Justice of
the Peace, Orrin Packard ; School Inspector, Daniel
Goodell ; Highway Commissioner, Charles L. W^ay ;
Poor Director, H. H. Eby ; Constables; John B.
Cicotte, Joseph B. Goodell, Joseph Delisle, Leander
W. Ferguson.

1858. Supervisor, Edmund Visger; Clerk, John
S. Van Alstyne ; Treasurer, Wm. Witherspoon ;
Justices of the Peace, Leander Ferguson, Daniel
Goodell ; Highway Commissioners, Charles L. Way,
Daniel Goodell ; School Inspector, Peter L. Lacy ;
Overseer of the Poor, James H. Vaughn ; Assessors,
John Grantzinger, Russell F. Johnson ; Constables,
Scipio Reaume, Joseph Goodell, Joseph Delisle, L.
W. Ferguson.

1859. Supervisor, Edmund Visger ; Clerk, L. P.
Felt ; Treasurer, Welcome Delisle ; Justices of the
Peace, John F. W. Hoersch, Wm. Witherspoon ;
Highway Commissioner, Cleophas Goodell; School
Inspector, W^m. Witherspoon ; Assessors, John
Debo, John Heintzen ; Overseer of the Poor, John
Grantzinger, Emanuel Lacroix ; Constables, Scipio
Reaume, James Callahan, George Heintzen, Joseph
Goodell.

i860. Supervisor. P^dmund Visger; Clerk, Fred-
erick Ferguson ; Treasurer, Welcome Delisle ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, James A. Visger; Highway
Commissioner, James Bondy; School Inspector,
John Brophy ; Assessors, John Debo, Jas. Heintzen ;
Directors of the Poor, Patrick Rentz, "Edward

' Cicotte ; Constables, James Callahan, Amanzer
Syckmond, George Heintzen, Michael Dunn.

1 86 1. Supervisor, James A. Visger ; Clerk, Fred-
erick Ferguson ; Treasurer, Welcome Delisle ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Wm. Witherspoon; Highway
Commissioner, James Heintzen ; School Inspectors,
James Thorpe, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Assessors,
Andrew Budosy, Wm. Thon ; Directors of the Poor,
Wm. Morris, Emanuel Lacroix ; Constables, Joseph
Goodell, Amanzer Syckmond, Michael Forbes,
Michael Dunn.

1862. Supervisor, James A. Visger ; Clerk, Chas.
Partridge; Treasurer, Welcome Delisle; Justices
of the Peace, Leander Ferguson, Wm. F. Morris ;
Highway Commissioner, Daniel Meagher ; School
Inspector, Wm. O. Vining ; Assessors, Peter Perry,
George Marx ; Directors of the Poor, Edward
Cicotte, Dennis Sullivan ; Constables, Joseph Good-
ell, Michael Dnnn, Frederick Singer, Patrick Gal-
lagher.

1863. Supervisor, James A. Visger ; Clerk, Chas.
Partridge ; Treasurer, Welcome Delisle ; Justice of
the Peace, John F. W. Hoersch ; School Inspectors,
Hyacinth F. Riopelle, Leander Ferguson ; Highway
Commissioner, Michael Roulo ; Assessors, Peter
Perry, George Marks ; Directors of the Poor,
Emanuel Lacroix, James Callahan ; Constables,
Francis Perry, Michael Dunn, Joseph Salliotte, John
Smith.

1 864. Supervisor, James A . Visger ; Clerk, Moses
B. Widner; Treasurer, Welcome Delisle; Justice
of the Peace, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; School Inspec-
tor, Matthew H. O'Connor; Highway Commis-
sioner, James Heintzen ; Assessors, Chas. Genthe,
Touissant Drouillard; Directors of the Poor, Dennis
Sullivan, Emanuel Lacroix ; Constables, Michael
Dunn, John Smith, A. Bourassa, J. Ingalls.

1 865. Supervisor, James A. Visger ; Clerk, Moses
B. Widner ; Treasurer, Henry H. Eby ; Justices of
the Peace, Bartholomew Russell, George Henry ;
Highway Commissioners, Daniel Meagher, William
Otto ; Assessors, George Seis, Alexander Riopelle ;
School Inspectors; Hyacinth F. Riopelle, Leander
Ferguson ; Overseers of the Poor, Dennis Sullivan,
Emanuel Lacroix; Constables, John Smith, Fred.
H. Perrigo, James Burt, Michael Dunn.

1 866. Supervisor, James A. Visger ; Clerk, Moses
B. Widner; Treasurer, Alexis M. Salliotte; High-
way Commissioner, Wm. Otto ; Justice of the Peace,
Leander Ferguson ; School Inspector, J. Wesley
Nelson ; Assessors, James Cahill, Christian Schmidt;
Directors of the Poor, Emanuel Lacroix, Patrick
Beatty ; Constables, Joseph Delisle, Augustus Schuf-
fert, Daniel Meagher, Fred. H. Perrigo.

1867. Supervisor, Hyacinth F Riopelle; Clerk,
David LeBlanc ; Treasurer, Joseph Goodell ; High-
way Commissioners, John J. Smith, James Bondy,

1274

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Edmund Visger ; Justices of the Peace, Daniel
Goodell, John S. Wilson, Moses B. Widner ; School
Inspectors, Hyacinth F. Riopelle, John Copland, Sr. ;
Assessors, Touissant Drouillard, Joseph Ditmar ;
Directors of the Poor, Michael Rouio, Peter Perry,
Sr.; Constables, Joseph Delisle, Frederick F. Perrigo,
Antoine Drouillard, Charles Schoenfield.

1868. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; Clerk,
Ephraim P. Abbott; Treasurer, Joseph Goodell;
Justices of the Peace, Hyacinth F. Riopelle, James
A. Visger; Highway Commissioner, Edmund Vis-
ger; School Inspector, Peter B. Delisle; Assessors,
Joseph Ditmer, Alexander Bourassa ; Overseer
of the Poor, Michael Roulo ; Constables, Joseph
Delisle, Charles Schoenfeld, John Drouilllard, Geo.
Perry.

1869 Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Ephraim P. Abbott ; Treasurer, Joseph Goodell ;
Justice of the Peace, Moses B. Widner; Highway
Commissioner, Antoine Labadie ; School Inspector,
Jasper Robinson ; Assessors, Alexander Bourassa,
Laurence Bicker; Overseers of the Poor, Peter
Pellon, Michael Roulo; Constables, Joseph Delisle,
Michael Roulo, Louis LeBlanc, Francis Riopelle.

1870. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; Clerk,
Ephraim P. Abbott ; Treasurer, Joseph Goodell ;
Justice of the Peace, Noah LeBlanc; Highway
Commissioner, John J. Smith; School Inspector,
Moses B. Widner; Assessors, Laurence Bicker,
Michael Campau ; Directors of the Poor, Peter
Pellon, Michael Roulo ; Constables, Joseph Delisle,
Francis Riopelle Louis LeBlanc, Michael Roulo.

1 87 1. No records can be found for this year.

1872. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk.
Ephraim P. Abbott ; Treasurer, Cleophas T. Good-
ell ; Justice of the Peace, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ;
Highway Commissioner, Abraham LeBlanc; Drain
Commissioner, Ow^en McQuade ; School Inspector,
Joseph Ditmer; Assessors, Pascal Odette, Rine-
hart Schafer ; Poor Directors, Alexander Bondy,
Peter Pellon ; Constables Joseph Delisle, Francis
Riopelle, Louis T. Goodell, Michael Dunn.

1873. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Ephraim P. Abbott ; Treasurer, Francis X. Rio-
pelle ; Justice of the Peace, E. P. Abbott ; High-
way Commissioner, John J. Smith ; Drain Com-
missioner, Owen McQuade; School Inspector,
Joseph Ditmer ; Poor Director, Joseph Bondy, Jr. ;
Constables, Michael Dunn, Joseph Delisle, Claude
Solo, Michael Roulo.

1874. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; Clerk,
Jaspef Robinson ; Treasurer, Francis X. Riopelle ;
Justice of the Peace, Joseph Salliotte ; Assessor,
Desia Bourassa; Highway Commissioner, John
Schoenfield ; School Inspector, Alexander Rousseau;
Poor Director, Claude Solo ; Constables, Charles
Labadie, George Drouillard.

1875. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc ; Treasurer, Michael Roulo ; Justice
of the Peace, Jasper Robinson ; Assessors, Charles
Cicotte, John A. Shoemaker; Highway Commis-
sioner, Peter Drouillard ; Drain Commissioner, Lau-
rence Bicker ; Superintendent of Schools, Jasper
Robinson ; School Inspectors, James Heintzen,
Joseph Ditmer ; Poor Directors Alexander Bondy,
Claude Solo ; Constables, Oliver Demay, Sebastian
Shaffer, Michael Dunn, Francis Goodikie.

1876. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc; Treasurer, Michael Roulo; Super-
intendent of Schools, Jasper Robinson ; School
Inspector, James Heintzen ; Justice of the Peace,
Ephraim P. Abbott ; Highway Commissioner,
Peter Drouillard ; Drain Commissioner, Laurence
Bicker; Assessors, Charles Cicotte John C. Stilzer ;
Directors of the Poor, Alexander Bondy, William
Solo; Constables, Joseph Delisle, Michael Dunn,
George Cicotte, Claude Solo.

1877. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc ; Treasurer, Michael Roulo ; School
Inspector, Joseph Ditmer ; Superintendent of
Schools, Thomas H. Somers ; Commissioner of
Highways, John Debo ; Justice of the Peace, Hya-
cinth F. Riopelle; Constables. Joseph Delisle,
Abraham Brisboise, Lawrence Hiedy, Charles
Labadie.

1878. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc ; Treasurer, George Cicotte ; Justice
of the Peace, Joseph Salliotte ; School Inspector,
Henry Haltinner ; Superintendent of Schools,
Thomas H. Somers ; Highway Commissioner,
John Debo; Drain Commissioner, Owen McQuade,
Poor Directors, Peter Pillon, Claude Campau ;
Constables, Abraham Brisboise, Alexander J. Bour-
asseau, Charles Labadie, Louis C. Goodell

1879. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Alexis M. Salliotte ; Treasurer, George Cicotte ;
Justice of the Peace, Jasper Robinson ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, Thomas H. Somers ; School
Inspector, Joseph Salliotte ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Matthias Raupp ; Directors of the Poor ;
Peter Pillon, Claude Campau ; Constables, Abra-
ham Brisboise, Joseph Delisle, Alexander J. Bour-
asseau, Charles Labadie.

1880. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; Clerk,
Alexis M. Salliotte; Treasurer, George Perry;
Superintendent of Schools, Thomas H. Somers;
School Inspector, Andrea Dittmar ; Justices of the
Peace, Ephraim P. Abbott, Frederick Krenger;
Highway Commissioner, Mathias Raupp, Jr ; Poor
Directors, Pascal Odette, Claude Solo ; Constables,
Alexander J. Bourasseau, Charles Labadie, Joseph
Delisle, Abraham Brisboise.

1881. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Cleophas T. Goodell ; Treasurer, George Perry ;

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1275

Superintendent of Schools, James C. Riopelle ;
School Inspector, Eli Odette ; Justice of the Peace,
Hyacinth F Riopelle; Highway Commissioner.
Francis LeBlanc; Poor Directors, Pascal Odette,
Claude Solo ; Constables, Hyacinth Burke, Harmon
Schoenfield, Charles Labadie, Edwin Longton.

1882. Supervisor, Hyacinth F, Riopelle; Clerk,
Cleophas T. Goodell ; Treasurer, John Leavitt .'
School Inspectors, James C. Riopelle, Ambrose
Cicotte ; Justice of the Peace, Thomas H. Somers ;
Highway Commissioner, Francis LeBlanc ; Poor
Directors, Alexander Bondy, Alexander B. Bondy ;
Constables, Charles Labadie, Harmon Schoenfield.
Hyacinth Burke, Alexander J. Bourasseau.

1883. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle ; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc ; Treasurer, John Leavitt ; School
Inspector, James C Riopelle ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Francis Cicotte ; Justice of the Peace,
Henry Haltinner ; Poor Directors, Alexander
Bondy, Oliver Demay ; Constables, Harmon Schoen-
field, Charles Labadie, Joseph Delisle, Charles L.
Bourasseau.

1884. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc ; Treasurer, Gustave A. Raupp ;
School Inspector, Louis Odain ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Francis Cicotte ; Justice of the Peace, Eph-
raim P. Abbott ; Drain Commissioner, Louis Bour-
asseau; Constables, Alexander J. Bourasseau, Har-
mon Schoenfield, Chas. A. Labadie, Peter Burger.

1885. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc ; Treasurer, Henry F. Ferguson ;
School Inspector, Edmund T. Drouillard ; Highway
Commissioner, Michael Steffes ; Justice of the
Peace, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Constables, George
Allen, Alexander J. Bourasseau, Harmon Schoen-
field, Peter Burger.

1886. Supervisor, Hyacinth F. Riopelle; Clerk,
Noah LeBlanc ; Treasurer, Henry F. Ferguson ;
School Inspector, Robert Osborne ; Highway Com-
missioner, Michael Steffes ; Drain Commissioner,
Joseph Cicotte, Sr. ; Justice of the Peace,
Thomas H. Somers ; Constables, Charles Demay,
Wm. Solo, Harmon Schoenfield, Peter Burger.

1887. Supervisor, Gustave A Raupp; Clerk,
William A. Ferguson ; Treasurer, Edmund Le-
Blanc ; School Inspector, Francis Cicotte ; Justice
of the Peace, Ari E. Woodruff; Constables, Wm.
Solo, Harmon Schoenfield, James F. Riopelle, Chas.
Dema

1888. Supervisor, Gustave A. Raupp; Clerk,
Wm. A. Ferguson ; Treasurer, Charles L. Bouras-
seau; Highway Commissioner, George LeBlanc;
Justice of the Peace, John Haltinner; School In-
spector, Peter McQuaid ; Drain Commissioner,
Alexander Labadie ; Constables, Alfred A.
Salliotte, John A. Frasier, George B. lorongo,
Samuel Drouillard.

1889. Supervisor, G. A. Raupp ; Clerk, Wm. A.
Ferguson ; Treasurer, C. L. Bourasseau ; Highway
Commissioner, Geo. LeBlanc; Justice of the Peace,
H. F. Riopelle ; School • Inspector, Chas. Foley ;
Drain Commissioner, John Quandt ; Constables. F.
Kamin, Wm. Solo, A. A. Salliotte, W. Roulo.

1890. Supervisor, T. Saunders; Clerk, J. Lea-
vitt, Jr.; Treasurer, A. C. Bouchard; Justice of the
Peace, C. N. Riopelle ; School Inspector, P. Mc-
Quaid ; Highway Commissioner, Alex. Reaume ;
Drain Commissioner, Peter Burger ; Board of Re-
view, M. Dunn, A. Labadie ; Constables, Wm.
Perry, Wm. Smith, W. C. Delisle, W. Solo.

Schools.

The condition of the schools in the township in
the year ending September 3, 1888, was as follows :
There were ten school districts, with an enrollment
of 1,100 pupils, and an average daily attendance of
653. The township contained one brick house,
costing $3,900, and seating 188, and nine frame
houses, costing $6,861, and seating 619. Six male
and nine female teachers were employed. There
were libraries in each district, the total number of
volumes being 1,260.

Ce7neteries.

A Catholic cemetery was opened about 1836, on
the St. Combe line road, a little northwest of
Ecorce, and just west of the brick school-house.
This was discontinued in 1876, on the opening of a
new one about a quarter of a mile west. In i860
a Catholic cemetery was opened on Section 29,
bounded on the north by the north line road, and
on the other three sides by the James T. Hurst
property. Oakwood cemetery on the estate of
John P. Clark, just north of the north city limits,
was incorporated August 13, 1869, by John P. and
E. W. Clark. On August 24, 1878, by consent of
the Circuit Court of Wayne County, the Board of
Health sold the old "Potter's field," and purchased a
piece of land on fractional Section 20, part of the
estate of John Cobden, to be used as a burial
ground for the poor of Ecorce.

Streams and Islands,
The banks of the Ecorce, on both sides, are low
and marshy, and the stream almost unapproachable
except by a boat from the Detroit river. In a few
places the banks have been raised, in order to give
a foundation for the bridges across the channel. A
little distance below Wyandotte there is a lagoon
which is variously designated as Monguagon, or
Stone Quarry Creek. The last name was un-
doubtedly given because of its proximity to the lime-
stone quarries from which Detroit was supplied in the
very earliest years of the settlement. 1 he creek

1276

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

opens into the Detroit, nearly opposite Sibley's
quarries, and extends up northwesterly through
the farm of George Payne ; across the creek, on
the farm named, in recent years there was the re-
mains of a corduroy bridge, said to have been con-
structed by Hull's army in 1812, while on the way
from Dayton to Detroit. Another small creek,
within the limits of the present city of Wyandotte,
could at one time be easily traced. It is now en-
tirely obliterated. It was on the route of this creek,
or in its immediate vicinity, that Lieutenant-Col-
onel Miller was attacked by the British and Indians
on August 9, 1 81 2. The creek extended up from
the Detroit, across Biddle Avenue, and thence
northwesterly through the city. Its outlet was
through Chestnut street. The office of Dr. E. P.
Christian, and the Presbyterian church, are located
on its route, The islands in the Detroit river,
named Grassy, Mud and Mama-Juda Shoal, are
assessed as belonging to this township.

ECORCE, FORMERLY GRANDPORT.

The site of this village was once occupied by the
Indians, and as late as 1813 the smoke of their wig-
wams marked the site of their encampment. Soon
after this date several white families settled here,
but the plat of the village was not recorded until
1836. It was laid out by Simon Rousseau, A. La-
badie, L. Bourassa and P. LeBlanc, and named
Grandport. It is on the line of the Canada South-
ern branch of the M. C. R. R., and also on the L.
S. & M. S. R. R. One of the principal industries
of Ecorce is the saw-mill and lumber yard of Sal-
liotte & Raupp, whose plant covers about fifteen
acres of land on the Detroit river at the mouth of
the Ecorce. It was established by John Copland
in 1855, and in 1876 came into the hands of the
present owners. In 1878 the entire works were
destroyed by fire, but were at once rebuilt, and the
buildings, consisting of a saw-mill, planing-mill, dry
kilns, and all necessary adjuncts to a first class
mill, cover about 16,000 square feet of floor space,
giving employment to an average of sixty men on
the day run and forty at night. In connection with
the mill are two kilns, by which the mill-slabs are
converted into charcoal, which finds a ready sale in
Wyandotte. In i886agrisf mill was opened by
Jos. Salliotte, and on December 29, 1887, the
Ecorce Cornet Band opened their hall. It seats
about 400, and is used as a town hall and for pub-
lic entertainments.

The Roman Catholic church of St. Francis Xav-
ier was established about 1845 by Rev. Charles L.
DePreiter, and under his direction a frame church
was erected. He had charge of the congregation un-
til i87r, when he was succeeded by Rev. L. Barun-
oux. On February 14, 1882, Rev John F. Van Gen-

nip came and under his pastorate the old church was
moved away, and on July 23, 1882, the cornerstone
of the present church was laid by Right Rev. Cas-
par H. Borges^. It was completed and dedicated
August 5, 1883. It cost $7,coo, and will seat 300.
The parsonage cost about $3,500, At the time
Rev. Van Gennip took charge of the congregation
there were no families; in 1888 there w^ere 150
families, numbering 800 persons.

WYANDOTTE.

Its Beginnings and Business Establishments.

The city of W^yandotte is located about midway
between lakes St. Clair and Erie, on the west bank
of the Detroit river, and on the line of the Canada
Southern branch of the M. C. R. R , and also on
the line of the L. S. & M. S. R. R The relatively
high banks of the river at this point afforded a fav-
orable camping place for the Indians, and it was se-
lected by the Wyandottes at a very early date as
the site of the village of Mongaugon, and as
late as 1820 to 1840 there were large numbers of
Indians still in the vicinity. One of their burial
grounds was just below where the rolling mills are
now located, and another was about a mile south
of the old Biddle mansion, which in later years
was occupied by Thomas Watkins. In the last
named burial ground the old chief W'alk-in-the-
Water was buried. His remains are said to have
been subsequently exhumed and taken east by some
one interested in antiquarian research.

The various tribes conveyed their title to the
lands along the Detroit by several treaties concluded
between the years 1784 and 1808. In 181 8 the first
public sale of United States lands in Michigan took
place, and some of the land now^ occupied by the
City of Wyandotte is said to have been sold at $40
per acre. It is a curious illustration of the change
in values, that Major John Biddle sold the same
lands in 1854, 2,200 acres, to the Eureka Iron Com-
pany, for $20 per acre.

The Eureka Iron Company was organized on
October 15, 1853, and consisted of E. B. Ward,
president ; T. W. Lockwood, treasurer ; George S.
Thurber, secretary; and the following stockhold-
ers: Eber B. Ward, Harmon DeGraff, Silas N.
Kendrick, U. Tracy Howe, Silas M. Holmes, Philip
Thurber, Elijah Wilson, Thomas W. Lockwood,
Francis Choate and Sylvester Larned. The capital
stock of the company at the beginning was $500,000,
in shares of twenty-five dollars each, of which
1117,500 was paid in. The profits increased so
rapidly that the amount of surplus, over and above
the dividends paid to the subscribers, was sufficient,
in 1873, to pay up the entire capital stock. The
site selected for the works w^as deemed specially

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1277

favorable for the proposed enterprise, because of
the splendid river frontage, v^ith its facilities for re-
ceiving ores by water from northern Michigan.
The land v^^as also covered with a dense forest,
which could be utilized in the production of char-
coal, while the nearness of the neighboring lime-
stone quarries would enable the company to cheaply
obtain the lime needed for the ores and metal. The
next year after being organized the company erec-
ted a blast furnace and bar mill, with a full comple-
ment of buildings, among which was a large board-
ing house for the accommodation of their workmen,
which may be said to be the starting point in the
real history of Wyandotte.

The Wyandotte Rolling Mill Company was
organized in 1855, wnth E. B. Ward as president, for
the manufacture of all kinds of merchant's bar iron,
and for a time was very successful, but after the
death of Mr. Ward there was great uncertainty as
to the future of these corporations, in which he was
so extensively interested, and the works were con-
trolled by numerous parties, enduring many vicissi-
tudes. In the fall of 1877 the Rolling Mill Company
failed, and the Eureka Iron Company bought up
the mortgage bonds, and by foreclosure absorbed
the rolling mill and carried on the entire business
until December 19, 1883, when the present corpora-
tion, the Eureka Iron and Steel Company, was
formed. The offices are at Detroit. The officers
are : William K. Muir, president and general
manager; Sidney D. Miller, secretary; George
Hendrie, treasurer ; J. S. VanAlstyne, agent, and
T. D. Evans, superintendent. They make charcoal
pig iron, from Lake Superior ores, for foundry, car
wheel and malleable use, also boiler plate, tank iron,
and the usual variety of common and refined bar
iron. The plant consists of two blast furnaces, a
rolling mill for merchant bar iron, having three
trains of sixteen, ten and eight-inch rollers, a plate
mill, with puddling furnaces, and everything neces-
sary for the conducting of their business, giving
employment to from four hundred to five hundred
men, and occupying nearly 400,000 square feet of
land, in the heart of the city. The first successful
experiments in the manufacture of Bessemer steel in
the United States were made at these furnaces,
under the direction of Captain Ward, and to Wyan-
dotte belongs the honor of having produced the first
Bessemer steel made in America.

The probability that iron vessels would take the
place of those constructed of wood, was often
suggested by E. B. Ward, and the present extensive
ship-yard owes its beginnings to his enterprise and
foresight. He became acquainted with Messrs. F.
E. and F. A. Kirby in 1872, and was so favorably
impressed with their abilities that he provided the
facilities and gave them an order to construct an

iron tug, which was to be the largest and best pos-
sible to build. The order was given in the spring,
and in August of the same year, 1872, they com-
pleted the steam tug " E. B. Ward." The same
year they built the "Queen of the Lakes," the
" Myrtle," and the " Sport," and other vessels in
rapid succession.

After the death of Mr. Ward, the Detroit Dry
Dock Company purchased the plant, and a new
company was organized to carry on the business of
ship-building, and both of the Messrs. Kirby became
large stockholders. Under their supervision the
work of building iron passenger steamers was suc-
cessfully entered upon, and those magnificent float-
ing palaces now operated by the Detroit and
Cleveland Steam Navigation Company afford the
best of evidence of the capacity of the yards, and
of the skill and ability of those who designed and
constructed them. The principal office of the cor-
poration is at Detroit, and is alluded to elsewhere
in this work. Three hundred men are employed in
the establishment, and the monthly pay roll is over
$10,000. The machinery employed, though mas-
sive, is very simple, including principally rolls and
forges for shaping the plates and frames, and fully
equipped carpenter shops. Sixty per cent, of the
cost of an iron boat is in days' work at the ship-
yard.

In addition to the other enterprises at Wyandotte
established by Mr. Ward, there was the Silver
Smelting and Refining Company. The works were
built in 1 87 1, under the supervision of Thomas Mc-
Farlane, who discovered the Silver Islet mine some
years before. The corporation, with Mr, Ward as
president, began operations in 1872, taking the silver
ore as brought by boats from the mines on the
north shore of Lake Superior, and treating it, send-
ing the silver and gold bullion to the government to
be stamped, and afterwards selling it in New York.
The lead was sold mostly to the Detroit Lead
Works, and the nickle, saved in the nickle net, was
concentrated and sent to England. While at their
zenith, the works kept from seventy-five to one
hundred men employed, but, flushed with prosperity,
and indttations showing the bottom of the Silver
Islet mine to be Nearly reached, they attempted to
refine Western ore, but the venture proved unprofit-
able, and the business was abandoned. Mr. Mc-
Farlane was superintendent for two years, being
followed by Wm. Curtis the same length of time,
and H. C. Hahn for one year, at the close of which
time Mr. McFarlane again became superintendent,
and held the position until the fall of 1878, when
the property fell into the hands of New York cap-
italists, who, with Sidney D. Miller, of Detroit,
caused the property to be disposed of. The build-
ings and land were sold to the Star Mineral Com-

1278

ECORCE TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

pany, composed of John Clee and E. C. Sewall,
who for a time manufactured barytes, both crude
and refined, the ore being imported from Germany.

Among the notable business enterprises of Wyan-
dotte is the Long Wool Rug and Duster factory of
J. H Bishop, there being but one other establish-
ment of the kind in the United States. Mr. Bishop
experimented for a series of years before he was
able to overcome the obstacles in the way of pro-
ducing satisfactory rugs, but at last achieved com-
plete success, and he now not only makes great
numbers of wool rugs, but also imports thousands
of Chinese goat skins, which he transforms into
elegant mats, robes and rugs, employing about
fifty persons.

The extensive steam planing mill, and sash, door
and blind factory of James T. Hurst, the stave and
hoop factory of Shelly & Company, the Burrell &
Whitman hoop heading factory, and the Detroit
Cooperage Company's factory, are also here located.

The Wyandotte Savings Bank was organized
November 20, 1871, with a capital of 150,000. The
original and present officers are John S. Van
Alstyne, president, and W. Van Miller, cashier.

The population of the city in 1870 was 2,731,
and the valuation of real and personal property
$186,135. ^^ 1 2^0 the population was 3,631, and
the valuation of real and personal property $792,-
464.

T/te City Corporation.

The City of Wyandotte was created by Act of
March 5, 1867, the charter being subsequently
amended by various acts dated March 2, 1869, April
4, 1873, April 27, 1875, May 10, 1877, March 13,
1883, and May 4, 1885. The bounds of the city
are the same as at first defined, and include all of
the lands east of the west line of the lands of the
Detroit, Monroe & Toledo Railroad to the Detroit
River, and between the south line of Sections 20
and 21, of Town 3. Range 11 East, and a center
line running east and west through the center of
Sections 31 and 32. Under the original act the city
was divided into three wards, as follows : The First
Ward, including all north of Oak Street ; the Second
Ward, all between Oak Street an4 Eureka Avenue ;
and the Third Ward, all south of Eureka Avenue.

In the original act the city was required to pub-
lish yearly, for two weeks, in some weekly paper
issued in Detroit, a detailed statement of its yearly
receipts and expenditures.

The elective officers provided for in the original
act were a Mayor, a Recorder, a Treasurer, who
was also to serve as Collector, a Marshal, two School
Inspectors, two Directors of the Poor, three Justices
of the Peace, and two Aldermen and a Constable
for each Ward. The Council were to appoint a

City Attorney, a Street Commissioner, and a Chief
Engineer of the Fire Department The Mayor,
Treasurer, Marshal and one School Inspector, and
one Director of the Poor were to be elected yearly,
the Recorder every other year, and the Justices for
terms of one, two and three years. Under Act of
1869, provision was made for electing an Assessor.
Act of 1873 provided for the election of a Police
Justice, and Act of 1877 provided for the election
of a Street Commissioner, and for four Justices of
the Peace, instead of three, as before.

The annual election is held on the first Monday
in April. The first election was held on the first
Monday of April, 1867, and the polls for the First
Ward were at the District School House ; for the
Second Ward, at Farnsworth Hall ; and for the
Third Ward, at the house of Joseph Gartner.

The first meeting of the Common Council was
held on April 8th, 1867.

The city officers for the several years have been,
as follows :

1867. Mayor, John S. Van Alstyne; Recorder,
Peter Lacy ; Aldermen, E. P. Christian, R. C. Con-
well, R. W. Leighton, Dennis Sullivan, H. N. Oco-
bock, Fred. Kreiger; City Attorney, Robert V.
Briggs ; Street Commissioner, H. W. Pardo.

1868. Mayor, Charles Partridge ; Treasurer,
Frank Bohl ; Marshal, John Smith ; Justice of the
Peace, James Kelley ; School Inspector, Robert V.
Briggs ; Overseers of the Poor, John McPeck ;
Aldermen, Joseph Massett, Peter Casper, John Bit-
torf; Constables, Augustus Schuffert, Dennis Sul-
livan, Henry Kaul.

1869. Mayor, Charles Partridge ; Recorder, Pfeter
Lacy; Treasurer, John F. W. Thon ; Marshal,
John Smith ; Assessor, George Marx ; Justice of the
Peace, Robert V. Briggs ; School Inspector, Wm.
Leighton; Aldermen, Isaac Strong, Thomas De-
laney, James Cahill ; Constables, Augustus Schuf-
fert John Leockner, Robert Huston.

1870. Mayor, E P. Christian; Treasurer, John
F. W. Thon ; Assessor, John A. Morgan ; Marshal,
A. McTaggard ; School Inspector, John S. Van
Alstyne ; Poor Master, George Thon ; Justice of the
Peace, John Robinson ; Aldermen, Charles Jacobs,
George Zeis, Charles Wilks ; Constables, Augustus
Schuffert, Claus Speck ; Supervisors, John Morgan,
Isaac Strong.

1 87 1. Mayor, Thomas Jewel ; Recorder, Francis
Murphy ; Treasurer, John F. W. Hoersch ; Justice
of the Peace, Moses B. Widner ; Assessor, Leander
Ferguson; School Inspector. A. Whiting ; Marshal,
P. Welch ; Overseer of the Poor, Christ. Grimm ;
Aldermen, Alfred Plumb, Patrick Keavney, James
Cahill ; Constables, Augustus Schuffert John Leock-
ner, H. W. Pardoe ; Supervisors, Leander Fergu-
son, Charles V\ ilks.

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1279

1872. Mayor, Thomas Jewel; Treasurer, John
F. W. Hoersch ; Assessor, George Marx ; Justice
of the Peace, Leander Ferguson ; School Inspector,
Francis Murphy ; Marshal, P. Walch ; Overseer of
the Poor, P. Keavney ; Aldermen, H. H. Eby. Mark
Rush. Peter Coaster; Constables, A. Schuffert. John
Leockner, E. Whalen ; Supervisors, George Marx,
Louis Stilzer.

1873. Mayor, Horace N. Ocobock ; Recorder,
Alfred Plumb ; Treasurer, John S. Bennett ; Assess-
or, George Marx ; Police Justice, S. A. Gonman ;
Justice of the Peace, J. Inoise ; Marshal, H. Bullard ;
Director of the Poor, Wm. Bolton ; School Inspec-
tor. J. A. Morgan ; Aldermen, F. Steiler, M. Gauley,
S. D. Hinds ; Constables, Augustus Schuffert, John
Leockner, C. H. Tompkins; Supervisors, George
Marx, H. H. Eby.

1874. Mayor, Theophilus J. Langlois ; Treasurer,
John S. Bennett ; Assessor, George Marx ; Justice
of the Peace, Moses B. Widner ; Police Justice,
Richard Jones ; Marshal, John Smith ; School In-
spectors, Wm. Bolton, Frederick Raubolt ; Director
of the Poor, John George Thon ; Aldermen, James
Keusch, Patrick Fury, Oscar Sanborn ; Constables,
Augustus Schuffert, John Leockner, H. W. Pardo ;
Supervisors, George Marx, James Keusch.

1875. Mayor, Charles Partridge; Recorder, Al-
fred Plumb ; Treasurer, William Armstrong ;
Assessor, George Marx ; Police Justice, Oliver Col-
burn ; Marshal, Patrick Welch ; Justice of the Peace,
Richard Jones ; School Inspector, George W. Til-
ford ; Director of the Poor, John McPeck; Alder-
men, Joseph Girardin, Michael Gauley, Jacob Shep-
herd ; Constables, Augustus Schuffert, John Leock-
ner, Daniel Block ; Supervisors, George Marx.
Oscar Sanborn. On May 29, Mayor Partridge re-
signed, and John Bittorf was elected to fill the vac-
ancy.

1876. Mayor, John Bittorf ; Treasurer, Christian
Grimm ; Assessor, Francis Murphy ; Police Justice,
Anthony Leskey; Marshal, Augustus Schweirs ;
Justice of the Peace, Leander Ferguson ; School
Inspector, A. Whiting ; Director of the Poor, John
McPeck; Aldermen, Theodore Magges, Patrick
Fury, Oscar Sanborn ; Constables, Augustus Schuf-
fert, John Leockner, Fred. Kinsella ; Supervisors,
Francis Murphy, Joseph Girardin.

1877. Mayor, James S. Campbell ; Recorder,
Jeremiah Drennan ; Treasurer, Christian Grimm ;
Assessor, George Marx ; Police Justice, Francis
Murphy; Street Commissioner, Frederick Raubolt;
Justice of the Peace, Oliver D. Hibbard ; School
Inspector, John P. Debo ; Director of the Poor,
Frank Stieler; Aldermen, Charles J. Northrup,
Martin Jordan, Peter Coaster ; Constables, Augustus
Schuffert, John Leockner. Patrick Walsh ; Super-
visors, George Marx, Patrick Fury.

1878. Mayor, John Bittorf; Treasurer, R. C.
Conwell ; Assessor, R. W. Leighton ; Street Com-
missioner, John Franklin; Police Justice, George
W. Telford; Justice of the Peace, John J. Tillman;
Director of. the Poor, Frank Steiler; School Inspec-
tors, Christian Speck, Hezekiah Milkins ; Aldermen,
John E. Mellis, Richard Mason, Reinold Thon,
August Asmus; Constables, August Schuffert,
Hiram Millspaugh, H. W. Pardo ; Supervisors, R.
W. Leighton, John J. Thon.

1879. Mayor, James Keusch; Recorder, Jere-
miah Drennan ; Treasurer, Joseph Gartner ; As-
sessor, R. W. Leighton ; Justice of the Peace,
Richard Jones ; Police Justice, Moses B. Widner ;
Street Commissioner, Charles Sachs ; Director of
the Poor, Wm Watson ; School Inspector, Henry
Eichman ; Aldermen, H. H. Eby, John Robinson,
John P. Debo, A. W. Milkins ; Constables, Augustus
Schuffert, James Collins, Charles F. F. Behme ;
Supervisors, R. W. Leighton, John P. Debo.

1880. Mayor, James Keusch; Treasurer, Frank
Brohl ; Assessor, Robert W. Leighton; Justice of
the Peace, James S. Campbell ; Street Commissioner,
August Lehman ; Director of the Poor, John G.
Thon; School Inspector, T. J. Langlois; Alder-
men, Richard Mason, John Beattie, S. D. Hinds ;
Constables, Augustus Schuffert. John Leockner,
Charles Behm ; Supervisors, Robert W. Leighton,
Richard Mason.

1 88 1. Mayor, Michael Gauley, Sr.; Recorder,
Almond L. DePoutee ; Treasurer. Frank Brohl ;
Assessor, Robert W. Leighton ; Street Commis-
sioner, Frederick Raubold ; Justice of the Peace,
Francis Murphy ; School Inspector, Henry E.
Thon ; Director of the Poor, James Calahan, Sr. ;
Aldermen, John Robinson, Conrad Caspers, Albert
Raubold ; Constables, Christian Marquette, Dennis
Sullivan, Moses H. Clements ; Supervisors, Robert
W. Leighton, Richard Mason.

1882. Mayor, Thomas D. Evans; Treasurer,
Frank Brohl; Assessor, Jeremiah Drennan ; Street
Commissioner, John Coop; Justice of the Peace,
Sylvester Pray; School Inspector, Samuel T. Hen-
dricks ; Poor Master, Henry Rentz ; Aldermen,
Richard Mason, Thomas Raynard, Sylvester D.
Hinds ; Constables, Christian Marquette, Edwin
H. Bessey, Patrick Welsh; Supervisors, Jeremiah
Drennan, Sylvester D. Hinds.

1883. Mayor, Thomas D. Evans; Recorder,
Almond L. DePoutee ; Treasurer, Frank Brohl ;
Assessor, Jeremiah Drennan ; Police- Justice,
Charles G. Chittenden ; Street Commissioner, John
Coop; Justice of the Peace, John J. Tillman;
School Inspector, James Shannon ; Director of the
Poor, John George Thon ; Aldermen, Samuel J.
Lawrence, Wm. H. Lacy, John C.Jackson; Con-
stables, Christ. Thon, Jr., Dennis Sullivan, Samuel

I28o

ECORCE TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Lyon ; Supervisors, Jeremiah Drennan, Samuel J.
Lawrence.

1884. Mayor, Thomas D. Evans; Treasurer,
Frank Brohl ; Assessor, Charles Schuffert ; Police
Justice, Oliver D. Hubbard ; Street Commissioner,
Peter Lasalle ; Justice of the Peace, Martin A.
Cone ; School Inspector, Charles G. Chittenden ;
Director of the Poor, John Riley ; Aldermen,
George Stormount, Conrad Caspers, Edward Pur-
cells ; Constables, Christ. Thon, Jr., Dennis Sulli-
van, Charles Shamburg; Supervisors, Charles
Schuffert, Samuel J. Lawrence

1885. Mayor, Joseph H. Bishop ; Recorder, D,
W. Roberts ; Treasurer, Joseph Girardin ; Assessor,
Charles Schuffert ; Police Justice, John J. Tillman ;
Street Commissioner, Frederick Theide ; Justice of
the Peace, Charles G. Chittenden ; School Inspec-
tor, Aaron Strong; Director of the Poor, John
George Thon ; Aldermen, Samuel J. Lawrence,
John Teeling, Thomas W. Bristow ; Constables,
Christ. Thon, Jr., John Leockner, John M. Green ;
Supervisors, R. W. Leighton, Dennis Sullivan,
James Cahill.

1886. Mayor, Joseph H. Bishop; Clerk, Charles
H. Genthe, Jr., Treasurer, Joseph Girardin ; Mar-
shal, John Allen ; Street Commissioner, Frederick
Theide ; School Inspectors, C. W. Thomas for one
year, William Gartner, for two years, Wm. Bolton,
for three years ; Aldermen ; For one year at large,
J. S. Trites, for two years at large, C. Schuffert,
First Ward, George Stormont, Second Ward, Jas.
McCloy, Second Ward to fill vacancy, C. Bigler,
Third Ward, R. Tims ; Constables, First Ward,
Christ. Thon, Jr., Second Ward, H. W. Pardo,
Jr., Third Ward, John Leockner ; Supervisors, First
Ward, Robert W. Leighton, Second Ward, Dennis
Sullivan, Third Ward, James Cahill,

1887. Mayor, F. A. Kirby ; Clerk, Charles H.
Genthe, Jr., Treasurer, Joseph Girardin ; Marshal,
Christian Thon ; Street Commissioner, John Bone-
hill ; School Inspector, Charles W. Thomas ; Jus-
ice of the Peace, John Leockner ; Aldermen : At
large, John S. Trites, First Ward, Wm. H. Lacy,
Second Ward, Conrad Bigler, Third Ward, Louis
P. Miller; Constables, Martin Olius, John S.
Brophas, John Perdo; Supervisors, Robert W.
Leighton, Dennis Sullivan, John H. Smith.

1888. Mayor, T.J. Langlois; Clerk, Charles H.
Genthe, Jr. ; Treasurer, Wm. H. Denman ; Mar-
shal, Frank Wolcott ; Street Commissioner, Wil-
liam Watson; School Inspector, Wm. Gartner;
Justice of the Peace, Francis Murphy ; Aldermen :
At large, John Gin/el, First Ward,' Frank Marx,
Second Ward, James McCloy, Third Ward, H. F.
Walter; Constables, George Beebe, J. B. DeLisle,
Wm. Stefkey ; City Attorney, George W. Coomer ;
City Physician, E. P, Christian ; School Inspector,

Michael Gauley; Chief Engineer, Gustave Baum-
ler ; Assistant Engineer, Charles Millspaugh ; En-
gineer, Edward Timm ; Pound Master, N. Tewks-
bury ; Supervisors, Richard Mason, Dennis Sulli-
van, John H. Smith.

1889. Mayor, Wm. Campbell ; Marshal, Christ-
ian Thon; Clerk, J. S. McGlaughlin ; Treasurer,
Wm. H. Denman ; Street Commissioner, Wm.
Watson ; School Inspector, Joseph Girardin ; Jus-
ice of the Peace, A. S. Hunter; Aldermen: At large,
R. C. Conwell, First Ward, Wm. Gartner. Second
Ward, C. Bigler, Third Ward, George Crasswel-
ler; Supervisors, First Ward. R. Mason, Second
Ward, D. Sullivan, Third Ward, C. G. Chittenden ;
Constables, First Ward, J. Weivich, Second Ward,
J. B. DeLisle, Third Ward, Wm. Donaldson.

1890. Mayor, Wm. Campbell ; City Clerk, J S.
McGlaughlin, Jr. ; Marshal, Daniel Campau ;
Treasurer, Charles Wambier; Street Commis-
sioner, Christopher Dolan ; Justices of the Peace,
Ed. Beathe, Francis Murphy ; School Inspectors,
Wm. Lawrence, T. T. Busha ; Aldermen : At
large, Frank Walcott, R. C. Conwell, First Ward,
full term, Frank Marx, First Ward, to fill vacancy,
Col. Busha, Second Ward, Jeremiah Drennan, Con-
rad Bigler, Third Ward, Rudolph H. F. Walter,
George Crassweller ; Constables, Wm. Olms, J. B.
DeLisle, Wm. Donaldson ; Supervisors, Wm. Bol-
ton, Dennis Sullivan, Chas. G. Chittenden.

The City Hall.

In October, 1870, a petition was presented relative
to building a jail, and referred to the Committee on
Ways and Means, on whose report an election was
held, and a majority of 174 obtained by those
opposed to the purchase of the site for a city build-
ing. The question then rested until June, 1880,
when another petition was presented, asking the
Council to make the necessary appropriations to
erect a lockup, city hall and engine house. The
Committee on Ways and Means reported favorably,
and the Mayor was requested to call a meeting of
the citizens to vote on an appropriation of $8,000
for that purpose. An election was held on August
18, 1880, and by a majority of 62 the city voted
to issue bonds to the amount of $7,000 for the
purpose indicated. A site for the building was
purchased of Wm. Farnsworth, at a cost of $i,coo,
and in October, 1880, the city entered into a con-
tract with Edward Garratt to erect the building for
$6,915. Everything seemed to move smoothly on
until the refusal of Recorder Drennan to sign the
bonds. On steps being taken to compel him to
comply with the vote of the people and action of
the Council, the bonds were issued and placed in
the hands of the Treasurer for disposal. The fol-
lowing citizens each purchased $i,ooo in bonds:

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1281

Edward Chandler, John Robinson, Joseph Girardin,
and E. P. Christian. Bonds for $1,500 were sold
to Antoine Labadie and Nelson Dupey. On March
25, 1882, the building committee reported the city
hall completed. It consists of a two-story brick
building with mansard roof and tower, ornamented
with cut stone trimmings. It has a frontage on
Biddle Avenue of sixty-seven feet, with sixty-two
feet on Elm Street. The first room on the main
floor is twenty-seven by fifty-one feet, and is used
for an engine house. Back of this, there is a wide
hall opening off from Biddle Avenue, with stairs
leading to the second story. To the left of the hall
is the city jail, containing eight cells, four on the
lower and four on the upper floor. Over the engine
room is the public library and reading-room, the
same size as the lower floor, and over the jail part
is the Council chamber and court room, twenty-six
by eighteen feet, with two other rooms which can
be used as jury rooms.

Sewerage.

The first suggestion in the way of a sewer was
contained in a petition from John H. Jones and
Wesley Sheldon, who asked leave to fix up the drain
running through their lots. Their petition was pre-
sented by Alderman Christian on April 16, 1867,
and from time to time since then the Street Com-
missioner, acting under instructions, has put in box
drains, and more recently crocks of from eight to
twenty-two inches in diameter. These, with sur-
face drains and ditches sloping toward the river,
have effectually sewered the city. As no separate
account of this department of improvements has
been kept, it is impossible to give the exact amount
of piping or cost of sewerage, but there is about
three miles of sewer pipe, and the cost has been
about $10,000.

Fire Department.

In the beginnings of Wyandotte, its location on
the river and the agility of the " bucket brigade "
formed the only protection against fire. I'n Janu-
ary, 1868, a petition was received by the Council
relative to a fire department, which was referred to
S. L. Potter, Abraham Whiting and J. S. Trites, with
instructions to ascertain the cost of artd terms of
payment for a fire engine. This movement resulted
in the purchase, in October, 1870, of twelve Bab-
cock fire extinguishers, at a cost of $630, which
were distributed in various parts of the city, and an
ordinance passed relative to their custody and use.
In January, 1871, Wm. Armstrong and others peti-
tioned to be organized as a fire company. The
petition was granted, and the officers of the fire
department appointed to organize the company. In
November, 1875, an election was ordered to be held

on November 4, for the purpose of voting a tax to
purchase a fire engine, the result of which was one
hundred and forty-six votes for and thirteen against
the purchase. Accordingly the bonds of the city
were issued for |6,ooo, payable in four, five and six
years, for the purchase of a steam fire engine. A
contract was made with L. Button & Sons, and the
following January the engine was received and
named the "City of Wyandotte." John Merreth
was appointed engineer in charge, and G. W. Tel-
ford chief engineer. In November, 1885, an ordi-
nance was passed to provide for organizing a fire
department under the State law, and repealing all
former ordinances in regard to the extinguishment
of fires. In January, 1886, in accordance with this
action, a number of persons met and organized a
new fire company, to be known as " Wyandotte
Steam Fire Company, No. i." The company list
was accepted by the Council on February 3, 1886,
and was composed as follows: James McCloy,
president ; Joseph Marx, vice-president ; Nelson
Dupey, recording secretary ; Wm. Marx, treasurer;
J.J. Hoersch, financial secretary; C. Bigler, fore-
man : Gust. Baumler, chief engineer ; Charles
Millspaugh, assistant chief engineer; Ed. Finn,
engineer ; Wm. Watson, assistant engineer ; Joseph
Darby, Wm. McCloy, John Welch, John Brant,
Wesley Wright and Fred. Raubolt.

The subject of providing water works received
much attention, and it was finally decided to bond
the city for $50,000 to provide for the erection of
suitable works, and the work was begun in the fall
of 1889.

Public Schools and Public Library.

Wyandotte is one of the few cities in which a
graduate from the high school is prepared for col-
lege without further examination. Before the city
was incorporated it was in District No. i, of Ecorce
Township, and its public school was held in the
old brown house lately sold to Mr. Bishop and con-
verted into an opera house. Soon after the city
charter was procured, steps were taken to build a
large brick school-house in the Second Ward, and
it was speedily erected. It was completed in 1868
at a cost of $23,000, is three stories high, and con-
tains five rooms with seats for 340 pupils. In 1889
it had an enrollment of 264 pupils, with an average
daily attendance of 198, for whose instruction, in-
cluding the Superintendent, there was employed
six teachers at a yearly expense of $2,870. This
school is known as the Central Union or High
School, and was opened the first Monday in Sep-
tember, 1869, as a graded high school with four
departments. There are now five teachers. The
Superintendents since the opening have been as
follows : September, 1869 to June, 1871, Daniel H.

1282

ECORGE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Thomas; September, 1871, to June, 1875, Jerome
H. Bishop; September, 1875, to June, 1876, J. H.
Burke; September, 1876, to June, 1877, O. J.
Roberts; September, 1877, to June, 1881, Miss
Belle Widner ; September, i88j, to June, 1886, C.
O. Hoyt; September, 1886, to June, 1888, M. O.
Graves; September, 1888, to , L. M. Kellogg.

In 1872 the city, at a cost of $8,000, erected a
two story brick building in the Third Ward, con-
taining four rooms, with a seating capacity of 200,
employing two teachers, whose combined salary is
I650. The enrollment in this is loi, with an aver-
age attendance of seventy-six. In 1886 the First
Ward was supplied with a one story brick building
containing two rooms and seats for eighty pupils,
for which the city paid $8,000. The enrollment in
this building is 118, with an average attendance of
eighty-nine. It has two teachers who are paid the
same salary as the teachers in the Third Ward
School. The entire course from the Primary School
through the Central Union or High School covers
twelve years, or four years in each department. In
addition to the public schools there are several
parochial schools which are mentioned in connec-
tion with the churches which control them.

Connected with the public schools and under the
control of the Board of Education is a public
library of nearly 2,000 volumes. This is the out-
. growth of the old school library which was only
open from two to four P. M., each Saturday. In
the summer of 1887, J. H. Bishop, then Mayor of
the city, and President of the Board of Education,
in behalf of the latter asked for and was granted by
the Council an unoccupied room in the city hall for
the purpose of establishing a library and reading
room, he agreeing to donate an amount equal to
that raised by the Board to put the library in such
shape as would make it a credit to the city. Con-
nected with the library is a reading room containing
leading papers and magazines. The library was
opened in September, 18S7, and the published re-
port of the Librarian, Mrs. Nellie K. Briggs, shows
an average daily attendance of sixty in the reading
room, and a monthly average of 800 books drawn.
It is open daily from 2 to 6, and from 7 to 9:30 p. m.

5/. Patrick's, formerly St Charles s, Catholic
Church.

The influx of workmen into Wyandotte in 1854,
many of them being Roman Catholics, caused the
Rev. Charles DePreiter, then in charge of the par-
rish at Ecorce, to establish a mission at Wyandotte,
and in a short time he removed there and organized
St. Charles's church, of which he had charge until
1873. He was succeeded by the following priests:
Rev. W. DeBeaver, 1872-1876; Rev. H. W.
Grimme, 1876-1878; Rev. Hebstrett for one

year, and F. J. Broegger, 1 880-1 883; Rev. T.
Roeper, 1883- 1886; Rev. George Langel, 1886-
. The first church was built about 1854, and
was a plain frame edifice now used for the paroch-
ial school. The closing of the mills rendered it
impossible to sustain two churches, and this church
and St. Joseph's were temporarily merged under
the charge of one priest until 1874, when Rev. W.
DeBeaver, of Ypsilanti, took up the work, and at
this date the present St. Patrick's church began.
Five lots were donated by Captain Ward, and the
foundations of a new church laid, and after several
years' laborious work on the part of the congrega-
tion the church was dedicated in 1884 by Bishop
Borgess, of Detroit. The building, by far the
largest in the city, is of brick, cost $22,000, and
seats about 700. The parish numbers some 200
families, and they have a parochial school of about
200 scholars, in charge of five Sisters of Charity.

St. Joseph's Catholic Church.

This was organized in the spring of 1870, the
Germans separating from the parent church and
purchasing two lots at a cost of $700 and erected a
church at a cost of about $8000. They organized
with some seventy families, and now have 100. It
has been in charge of the following priests : Rev.
Undereiner, Rev. Trottenberger, Rev. Joseph Reis,
Rev. H. W. Grimme, from 1 876-1 879; Rev. Heb-
strett, 1879; Rev. F. J. Broegger, 1 880-1 883; Rev.
Roeper, 1883-1886; Rev. Geo. Langel, 1886-1888;
Rev. Charles Settele, January 27, 1888, to

First Presbyterian Church.

This society was organized September 9, 1856.
Services were held at intervals in the old brown
school-house by Rev. James Nail and others until
April 17, i860, when the society practically ceased.
On December 26, 1866, Rev. Dr. Duffield, of De-
troit, reorganized the church with eleven members
received by letter, and four by profession of faith.
A lot was donated by the Eureka Iron Company,
and a church building seating 325 persons and
costing $4,000 was dedicated October 16, 1867.
From this date the church had the following past-
ors ; Rev. O. D. Hibbard, from October 1867 to
October, 1868; Rev. Sylvanus Warren, November
1868, to October, 1869; Rev. O. D. Hibbard, Oc-
tober, 1869, to May, 1870 ; Rev. A.W. Sanford, May,
1870, to May, 1873; Rev. W. K. Ingersoll, from
June, 1873, to June, 1877; Rev. I. N. Sprague from
November, 1877, to April, 1883; Rev. Thomas
Middlemiss, from January i, 1884 to January i,
1889. The church property is valued at $7,000,
including a parsonage costing $1,400. From a
membership of seven in 1856, they had 23 in i860 ;
64 in 1870; 85 in 1880, and 95 in 1888.

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1283

Methodist Episcopal Church.

During the years 1855 part of the old brown
school-house was built, and for two years was used
as a place of worship, the Methodists and Presby-
terians holding- morning and evening services alter-
nately, and the Episcopalians an afternoon service,
the Methodist Episcopal ministers from Trenton
taking charge of the services of their church. The
Methodist society were the first to erect a house of
worship. It was dedicated in i860, and cost about
$2,500, seating about 230. The following pastors
have been in charge: Rev. John Levington, 1861 ;
Rev. George Wilson, 1862 ; Rev. O. J. Perrin, 1863 :
Rev. W. Mahon, 1864; Rev. John S. Joslin, 1865-
1866; Rev. J. M. Arnold, 1867-1868; Rev. W. J.
Campbell, 1 869-1 87 1 ; Rev. H. O . Parker, 1872-
1873; Rev. W. J. Campbell, 1873; Rev. F. E,
York, 1874; Rev. DanielC. Jacokes. 1875; Rev E.
Barry, 1876-1877 ; Rev. G. W. Owen, 1878-1879;
Rev. B. F Pritchard, 1880-1881; Rev. C. W.
Turrill, 1882; Rev. S. P. Warner, 1883- 1884;
Rev. James Rose, 1885 ; Rev. S. E. Warren, 1886 ;
Rev. J. Stanfield, 1887 to .

In 1870 the church had 99 members and 23 pro-
bationers ; in 1880,80 members and in 1888, 70
members and 10 probationers. The church pro-
perty is worth about $6,000.

Protestant Episcopal Churches.

St. Stephen's Church was organized October 16,
1 860, Dr. E. P. Christian and John Bennett being the
first wardens, and Dr. Christian has held the office
of Senior Warden ever since, with the exception of
one year. For some time services were held in
the Methodist Church on Sunday afternoons. Fin-
ally a lot was donated by the Eureka Iron Com-
pany, and in 1867 a church was built. The Rev.
M. H. Ward, the first rector, was followed in 1866
by Rev. Josiah Phelps, who served two years, and
was followed in 1868 by Rev. H. Ban well, who re-
mained three years, and was succeeded by
the Rev. Levi Courson, who was succeeded in 1875
by the Rev. George W. Bloodgood. Rev. Wm.
Charles was called in October, 1887. The church
building cost $3,500 and seats about 200. The
present membership is 40, and the annual cost of
sustaining the church is about $700. The church
property is valued at $2,700. In connection with
his charge in Wyandotte, the Rev. Mr. Charles also
served St. Thomas' Church at Trenton, St. John's
at Grosse Isle, and St. James' at East Grosse Isle.

Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church.
This society was organized July 13, 1861, pur-
chased a lot for $700, and the following summer
erected a house of worship. Services meanwhile

were held in private houses by the Rev. J. A.
Huegli of Detroit. The pulpit was supplied by
Rev. J. G. Walthew from August 30, 1863, to
November 26, 1867; Rev. M. Halboth from August,
1868 to October 16, 1871 ; Rev. G. Markworth
from November 19, 1871 to April, 1887; and by
Rev. J. J. Bernthal since August, 1887.

Under the pastorate of Mr. Bernthal the old
church became too small to accommodate the mem-
bers, and a new brick church, costing exclusive of
furniture $r 1,000, was built. It was dedicated
September 23. 1888, and seats 800. In connection
with the church is a parochial school wMth about
160 pupils. From 1863- 1867 the school was in
charge of the minister as teacher ; after that date a
regular teacher was obtained, and since 1878 two
have been employed.

The old church building is used as a school-
house, as is also a building adjoining the church.
The present value of the property, including the
school buildings, is $18,500. The membership
since the organization of the society has increased
from 30 voting members in 1861 to 84 in 1870;
160 in 1880, and J 81 in January, 1889. There
are about 1,100 persons connected with the
Church.

German Evangelical St. Johns Church.

In 1870 some 25 members went out from the
Evangelical Lutheran Church and under the past-
orate of Rev. Frederick Zimmerman formed this
church, which was organized May 14, 1870. A
lot was presented by the Eureka Iron Company,
and a church erected costing $7,000, and seating
400

It was dedicated in June, 1872. Mr. Zim-
merman was succeeded on August 17, 1875 by
Rev. P. Vontobel followed in June, 1877, by Rev.
Theo. Munzert; in July, 1879, by Rev. J. G.
Fetzer; in April, 1885, by Rev. Julius Schuman ;
on March 10, 1887, by Rev. F. Smidt. In 1880
the parish numbered 75 families, and now in-
cludes 130 families, representing about 800 per-
sons. In connection with the church there is a
parochial school in charge of the pastor, and hav-
ing about 100 pupils. The value of the church
property, including the pastor's residence and the
school-house, is about $9,000.

Societies.

Wyandotte Lodge, No. 170, F. & A. M., was
organized January 30, 1865.

E. B. Ward Lodge, No. 172, I. O. O. F., was
granted a charter on November 18, 1871.

Wyandotte Council, No. 321, Royal Arcanum,
was instituted May 2, 1879.

284

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

Turner Lodge, No. 563, Knights of Honor, was
instituted March 14, 1877.

Wyandotte Branch, No. 36, C. M. B. A., was
organized July 25, 1886.

Division No. 3, A. O. H., of Wayne County, came
into existence October 23, 1882.

Iron City Lodge, No. 73, A. O. U. W., was insti-
tuted May 4, 1880.

Eureka Assembly, No. 6056, Knights of Labor,
held its first meeting March 14, 1886.

Eureka Conclave, No. 41, Royal Adelphia, was
instituted May 16, 1887.

The Arbeiter Verein was organized November
10, 1872.

The Wyandotte Courier.

This paper was independent in politics, and de-
voted to the interests of the county, literature, agri-
culture, etc. It was first issued on June 5, 1867,
and was the first newspaper ever published in the
Iron City. The office was in the second story of
the Farnsworth Block, where the city hall is now
located. J. Lee & Company were the publishers.
It was issued Thursdays, at $2 a year. The office
was destroyed by fire in July, 1867, with a loss of
$3,100. The paper was started up again on a small
scale, but the great strike of the rolling mill men
that year compelled its suspension.

The Wyandotte Enterprise.
This was published by Daniel E. Thomas, who
at that time was superintendent of the public
schools. He did the editorial work, O. T. Brinton
furnished the financial backing, and A. Griffin did
the mechanical work, the firm name being Brinton,
Thomas & Griffin. The paper was soon left on the
hands of Mr. Griffin, who, with Morgan Bates, Jr ,
published the paper about two years. Mr. Bates'
interest was then purchased by John E. Nellis, and
the publication was continued until 1878, when the
establishment was moved to Detroit, and the name
changed to the Wayne County Courier.

The Wyandotte Herald.

This was first issued on January 2, 1879, under
the management of G, W. Owen. In October,
1880, Frank S. Abbott, of the Richmond Re-
view, purchased the paper and continued it until
August 25, 1882, a part interest being held from
October, 1881, until January, 1882, by Virgil Miner,
of Jonesville. On August 25, 1882, S. H. Egabroad
assumed control, and with his son Henry continued
the publication until July 2, 1886, when J. D Haven
purchased the paper. It is published every Friday,
at $1 per annum. In connection with the Wyan-
dotte edition, the same matter is published as the
Flat Rock Herald and also as the Carlton Herald.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JEROME HOLLAND BISHOP was born at
Oxbow, Jefferson County, New York, on September
3, 1846. His father, Wm. Bishop, was a descendant
of the Bishops who settled near Springfield, Massa-
chusetts, before the Revolutionary War. His mother,
Betsey Jerome (Stearns) Bishop, was from near
Syracuse. Her mother was a sister of Judge Jer-
ome, of Palmyra, New York, and aunt to Leonard,
Lawrence and Addison Jerome, of New York
City, men well known on both sides of the Atlantic.
Mr. Bishop's boyhood and the years of his early
manhood, were spent at Redwood, New York, to
which place his parents removed when he was four
years old. He received a thorough education in a
private academy, and at the early age of fifteen be-
gan teaching school. The first school over which
he presided was at the village of Chippewa Bay, on
the St. Lawrence river. At eighteen he was su-
perintendent of the village schools of Redwood.
He next taught at the Lowville Academy, and then
in Dyrenfurth College, Chicago. When but
twenty-two years old, he was made superintendent
of the village schools of Decatur, Michigan, coming

to Michigan in the winter of 1869. From Decatur
he went to Wyandotte, as superintendent of the
schools of that city, holding the position from 1871
to 1875, Up to this time- Mr. Bishop had always
been engaged in the profession of teaching, with
the exception of two years as head clerk in Sterling
and Mosher's bookstore, in Watertown, New York,
and a year as book-keeper in Memphis, Tennessee.
He now^ determined to seek some other occupation
which furnished a wider field for his energy and a
greater reward for his activity. Commencing in
1875 with the manufacture of wool dusters, sheepskin
mats were added in 1878, animal skin rugs in 1884,
and Asia Minor angoras and China goat skin rugs
and robes in 1888 and 1889. There being no one
in America, except those engaged in the same busi-
ness in New York, who knew how to manufacture
these goDds, Mr. Bishop was forced to depend
entirely upon himself, and was compelled to orig-
inate every method and to invent every process ;
and in this lay the secret of his ultimate success,
as his methods finally became the best in the
world, and were known only to himself. The

,s.^¥^^^^^iv.

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ECORCE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1285

stra_^gle was long and often doubtful, but after fif-
teen years of perseverance, he has now the satis-
faction of making the finest goods in iiis line in
either Europe or America, and of having the larg-
est works of the kind in the 'world. In politics,
Mr. Bishop is an ardent Republican. He was,
tvvice elected iVEayor of Wyandotte, serving in 1885
aid 1886. Such was the satisfaction given by his
first administration that he was elected the second
tLne without opposition, being supported by Re-
publicans and Democrats alike. For several years
he was a member and president of the Board of
Education. It was through his efforts, whilst
Mayor and President of that board, that the public
library and reading room was established, and
largely by his means it was furnished with books,
and he still gives largely to its support. He is a
member of the Presbyterian Church and for the
past fifteen years has been superintendent of the
Sunday School. A Uberal giver to his own church,
he is also noted for his generosity to all churches
in need of aid.

He was married in 1867 to Jennie Gray, at Red-
wood, New York. She died at Wyandotte, in 1873,
leaving a daughter, named Maud. In 1876 he mar-
ried Ella Clark, of Wyandotte, daughter of I. S.
Clark. His family now consists of himself and wife,
his daughter, his son Clive, aged 12, and Delia and
Mabel, aged nine and six years respectively. His
residence, lately erected, is the finest and largest in
the city, and in every way an attractive and pleasant
home. Mr. Bishop is one of the most popular men in
the city, approachable, generous and kind-hearted.
The good fortune which has attended his efforts is
used for the good of others as w^ell as for himself, and
kind and genial to all, he dispenses with liberal hand
the profits annually received from his business.
Strong in his determinations, energetic in action,
firm in his friendships, public-spirited and upright,
he is a good citizen, an invaluable friend, and has
fairly won the favors which kind fortune has be-
stowed upon him.

GEORGE CLARK was born in the town of
Kingston, Ontario County, New York, on March 9,
1804, and died at Ecorce, Wayne County, Michi-
gan, on October 14, 1877. His grandfather, Watt-
I'ous Clark, was a native of Norwich, Connecti-
cut, where he was born on June 20, 1742, and
where he died in 1822. His wife, Lucy, was born
on November 9, 1741. At the outbreak of the War
for Independence, in 1775, Wattrous Clark was one
of the first patriots to respond to the call of his
country. He distinguished himself for his bravery,
and was engaged in most of the early battles, in-
cluding those at the siege of Boston and the battles
of Bunker Hill, Trenton, Princeton, New York,

White Plains and others. He drew an officer's pen-
sion until his death. His son, Charles, aged eigh-
teen was in active service at New London and at
the massacre of Croton Heights. The gun which
he carried in those conflicts attracted much atten-
tion at the Centennial exhibition, held at Croton
Heights on September 6, 1881.

John Clark, the son of Wattrous and the father
of George Clark, was born at Norwich, Connecti-
cut, on Nov, 14, 1777, and died in Brownstown
township, Wayne County. Michigan, on February
22, 1827. His mother, Sally (Person) Clark, was
born in Brunswick, New York, June i, 1780, and
died at Buffalo, New York. April 18, 18 13. John
Clark married his second wife, Sally Swain at Buf-
falo, on November 10, 181 3. She was born at Buf-
falo, October 25, 1786, and died at Brownstown in
July, 1859.

John Clark was an active participant. in the War
of 18 12, and was captain of a troop called Sauger-
ties Rangers. His family at that time were living
at Black Rock, New York, where they were de-
spoiled by the enemy of nearly all that they posses-
sed. It was amongst such exciting events that the
late George Clark passed his youth. Amongst the
many reminiscences of those times, Mr. Clark was
particularly fond of relating how, on one occasion,
when a party of American soldiers were eating at
their house, their meal was suddenly brought to a
close by a cannon ball fired by the enemy, which
entered the room and cut off two of the table legs,
but harmed no one. In connection with this war,
Mr. Clark loved to relate how he and his brothers
rolled cannon balls down a hill to the soldiers to be
loaded on the boats His boyhood was spent at
Kingston, Buffalo and Black Rock, New York and
at Rocky River, near Cleveland, Ohio. The family
came to Ecorce in 18 19. and soon after went to
live in a log house just below Wyandotte. From
there they moved to Brownstown township, but
most of Mr. Clark's life was spent at Ecorce. He
was extensively engaged in farming and fishing, and
as one of the pioneer fisherman of the lakes, he
probably did more than any other man to develop
and bring to its present high state the great fishing
interest of the northwest. In 1833 he obtained ,
possession of Grassy Island, in the Detroit River
and erected thereon large fisheries. He also oper-
ated fisheries in Ohio, at Maumee, on Lake Huron,
at Fort Gratiot, at Belle Isle, and on Fighting Is-
land, in the Detroit river. He was not. however,
merely a fisherman ; he made the life and habits of
the different fish a subject of much study and held
high rank as a pisciculturist. Early realizing that
the waters of the great lakes would soon be depop-
ulated of their inhabitants, unless something was
done to offset the great annual losses, he was one of

1286

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

the first and most strenuous advocates of the artifi-
cial propagation of fish. Owing to his abundant
knowledge concerning fish and their habits, he was
enabled to render much aid to Prof, J. W. Milliner,
Deputy United States Fish Commissioner, and as-
sisted him very materially in collecting specimens
of the diffe ent varieties of fish that have their
home in the waters of the great lakes. When the
State Fish Commission was organized in 1873,
Governor Bagley appointed him one of the commis-
sioners, and his extensive practical knowledge was
of very great value to the State. He held the of-
fice of Fish Commissioner until the time of his
death in 1877. Outside of his regular avocation of
farming and fishing, Mr. Clark found his greatest
pleasure in perfecting different devices which had
originated in his fertile brain, and he invented what
is known as Clark's Metallic Life Raft, now in gen-
eral use on the lake steamers.

Although leading an unusually busy life, he
found time to give to literary work, and wrote sev-
eral articles for Professors Agassiz and Baird, on
the different varieties of Michigan fish, and also
supplied them with specimens. The Michigan
Farmer, of Detroit, for a number of years received
many valauble articles from his pen. Politically
he was an energetic and zealous Republican from
the organization of that party. During the War of
the RebeUion, he spent considerable money and
time in forwarding provisions and clothing to the
Michigan soldiers, and also cared for and relieved
from want many soldiers' families. He never held
any office except the one already named, and
though frequently urged to accept various positions
he always declined. In 1874 the Republican Con-
vention, assembled at Wyand-otte, unaminously
nominated him for representative in the State
Legislature, but despite the flattering manner in
which the nomination was tendered, he refused to
become a candidate. He was eminently a self-edu-
cated man, having received but little education in
schools, and his success in life was due to his own
inherent energy and ability.

An intimate friend of Mr. Clark's describes him as
" a man of remarkable force of character, of strong
purposes and of great self-reliance. His business
enterprises almost always of a conservative order,
were carefully managed, and his property, of which
there was considerable, was left in a good condi-
tion He was public-spirited and progressive to a
high degree. He had his peculiarities, as all men
have, who, with small advantages, and amid many
obstacles, rise by their own efforts to positions of
prominence and influence, but these did not lessen
the high respect in which he was held in the county
and State, and wherever he was known. Beneath
his brusque exterior there was a kind and most

considerate heart. He was a man of unswerving
integrity and rare good judgment. Simple in his
habits, and by nature unostentatious, his rise to the
position of universal confidence and esteem which
he occupied is attributable solely to his sterling
worth."

He was married at Ecorce in 1837, to Eleanor
Sutliff, who was born at Salem, New York, Jan-
uary 6, 1 8 12, and died at Ecorce, March 19, 1849.
They had five children, viz., Catherine, born in the
township of Brownstown, November 15, 1838, and
died at Ecorce, August 23, 1870; Annie R., born
in Brownstown, November 22, 1840; Eleanor, born
at Ecorce, November 26, 1842; Edith E., born at
Ecorce, May 20, 1845; Laura J., born at Ecorce,
on September 17, 1847.

Mr. Clark married his second wife Orpha
Wright, on July 17, 1 85 1 . She was born in the State
of New York in 1826, and died at Ecorce in 1854.
They had two children, namely, Charlotte O., born
at Ecorce, October 6, 1852, and Clay W., born at
Ecorce, in March 1854, and died in September of the
same year. On January 10, 1856, Mr. Clark married
Rebecca J. Widner, who was born at Chili, Mon-
roe County, New York, on September 19, 1827.
She is still living at the family homestead in Ecorce.
The children of his last marriage were Florence C,
born April 12, 1857, and died September 28, 1883;
Carrie E., born December 16, 1858. and died Jan-
uary 6, 1880; FrancesG., born April 4, 1861 ; George,
born November 22, 1863 ; Mabel M., born July 19,
1866, and Jessie L, born October 23, 1869, and
died March 14, 1872.

THOMAS D. EVANS is a native of Wales,
and was born in the thrifty manufacturing town of
Blaina, Monmouthshire. This county, though in-
cluded among the English countries for over half a
century, is considered a part of Wales ; nine-tenths
of the population talk the vernacular, and are
thoroughly Welsh.

George and Ann Evans, the parents of Thomas
D. Evans, after their marriage settled at Blaina, on
September 28, 1847. George Evans was a native
of Monmouthshire, and was born in the village of
Varteg, seven miles from Blaina, on June 20, 181 8.
His parents were also natives of the same place, and
the family can be traced back on the parish records
for severaLgenerations. They were prominent in
local affairs, and well known as of great integrity.
Ann Evans was born at Bryn Maur, five miles from
Blaina, in the county of Brecon, on September 22,
1827. She also descended fromalong line of Welsh
ancestry. Her father, James W. Jones, was a min-
ing superintendent and contractor, and his ances-
tors were among the oldest and most prosperous, as
well as respected, of the inhabitants of the parish.

A^

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ECORCE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1287

When Thomas D. Evans was only six months
old, his parents decided to emigrate to America,
and on March 10, 1848, they left Newport on the
sailing vessel Erin, and after calling at Bristol and
Liverpool, on the i6th were fairly on the ocean
bound for New York The voyage was an un-
eventful one, with the exception that there were
four births and seven deaths during the passage,
and on April 20, 1848, they arrived at Staten
Island. The family left New York the following
month for Pittsburg, the journey beng made prin-
cipally by canal and over the old gravity roads
across the mountains, three weeks being consumed
in the trip. They settled at Stewart's Town, now
known as Etna Borough, opposite Pittsburg, which,
even at that time, was the centre of the iron trade
of America, and George Evans was soon enrolled
among the toiling thousands in that city. Being
an experienced heater and roller, he had no diffi-
culty in obtaining good work, and he worked for
the firm with whom he began, Messrs. Spang, Chal-
fant & Co., until his death, on June i, 1886. He
was the first tube and pipe welder west of the
Alleghenies, the tube works of Messrs. Spang,
Chalfant & Co., being the third built in the United
States. He was the father of eight children, five of
whom had grown up before he died ; two he had
followed to the grave. Of the children Thomas D.,
was the only one born in the old country, the re-
mainder being all born in Etna Borough. The
sons were brought up to work in rolling mills, and
all who are living are still working in different
capacities in such mills. The widowed mother is
still living, and is a most devout and consistent
member of the Baptist Church at Etna, known to
the entire community for her many deeds of char-
ity and benevolent acts. She is in the enjoyment
of excellent health, very active, and promises to be
a source of much comfort to her children, and a
pillar in the church of her faith for some years yet
to come.

The school days of Thomas D. Evans were un-
eventful. He was attentive to his lessons, but left
school when nearly fifteen years of age to enter the
rolling mills of Messrs. Spang, Chalfant & Co.
When he entered the mills to commence the battle
of life, the country was in the vortex of the great
Civil War. The impetus that the war gave to the
iron industry of the country was something marvel-
ous, and the skilled and experienced ironworkers
found ready and lucrative employment, the higher
and best paying branches being much sought, roll-
ing in particular, especially in guide mills, which
paid the highest wages, To attain this latter posi-
tion was Mr. Evans' ambition, when he first entered
the mill. For the first few years he worked in vari-
ous positions, gradually rising from one position to

another, until finally, after five years, he succeeded
to the position of roller, which position he held the
succeeding seven years.

In June, 1864, when in his seventeenth year, a
call being made for volunteers for a hundred days
for the defense of arsenals and towns bordering the
scenes of action in the East, he, to the amazement
of his parents, presented himself before them,
dressed in uniform and ready to march. His short
service was spent at Harrisburg, Pa., and Wilming-
ton, Del , the company being discharged at the end
of the hundred days, and he returned home and
again entered the mill The taste of military life,
short though it was, had determined him to
again enlist should the war continue the coming
Spring. He did not wait till Spring, but in 1865
enlisted in Company K, Sixty-first Regiment of
Pennsylvania, for the defense of Washington.
During his service, which lasted until the surrender
of Lee, he participated in the siege of Petersburg,
went through many thrilling and exciting marches,
and was honorably discharged on June 28, 1865,
and returning home resumed his tongs at the
mill.

He filled the position of a roller for seven years
at Spang, Chalfant & Co.'s mill, and then, being
ambitious to advance, he accepted a similar position
in the Sharon, Mercer County, Pa., Rolling Mills,
where he remained two years. He then returned
to Pittsburg to occupy a position in the mills of
Lewis, Dalzells & Co,, and remained a year, leaving
the mill to engage in the manufacture of mill lubri-
cators, in which business he engaged for another
yea'r, at the end of which time he again accepted
and resumed his old position at the Sharon mills.
At the end of another year he was given charge of
the guide mill, a different and much more important
branch of rolling, and the most advanced process
then in use in iron and steel mills. After a year's
work in this department, he received a call from
the well-known mills of Lewis, Oliver & Phillips, of
Pittsburg, which he accepted, but had not been
there many months when he received a very flatter-
ing offer, by telegram, from the Eureka Iron Com-
pany, of Wyandotte, Michigan. He accepted their
offer, and on May 13, 1879, commenced work at
Wyandotte as head roller in the merchant depart-
ment of the works, taking full charge of the guide
and bar mills. Here he has since remained, and
by strict and faithful attention to his duties, secur-
ing complete and entire satisfaction in the various
grades of iron passing through his hands, he soon
won the confidence and esteem of the corporation,
and after six years' services as head roller, on April
2, 1885, the President of Eureka Iron and Steel
Company offered him the superintendency of the
entire mill, which position he now occupies. As

1288

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

Superintendent he has given unqualified satisfac-
tion, both to his employers and to the men under
his control. Always prepared to guard and protect
the interest of his employers, he is equally as zeal-
ous in defending the just rights of the men. Cool,
level-headed, with a keen eye, fine discriminative
powers, and possessed of good common sense and
practical ideas, he has received and retains a wide
popularity.

He was married on January i, 1867, at Pittsburg,
to Cecelia Whitman, of Kitanning, Armstrong
County, Pa. Mrs. Evans comes from a long line
of Pennsylvania Germans, a distinct race of people
noted for frugality, thrift and morality, who have
stamped their individuality and character upon the
social institutions of the State. Mrs. Evans' father,
John K. Whitman, w^as born in Bellefonte, Centre
County, Pennsylvania, and her mother, previous to
marriage, was a Miss Rachel Stewart, of Indiana
township, Pennsylvania Mr. and Mrs. Evans have
had five children, namely, John A., born March 28,
1871 ; Henry S., born August 7, 1873 ; A. Burdette,
born December 24, 1875 ; Elizabeth M., born June
II, 1879 ; and Thomas D., born December 7, 1881.
Witli the exception of the last named and the young-
est, who was born in Wyandotte the other four were
born in Etna Borough.

Mr. Evans became a member of the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, at Etna Borough, Pa., when
twenty-one years old, and two years later become a
member of the Masonic Brotherhood, at Sharps-
burg, Pa. In the fall of 1882, he took the degree
of Royal Arch, in Monroe Chapter, Detroit, and
in the spring of 1889 he received the Scottish Rite
degree.

He is an out and out man of the people, taking a
lively interest in all matters that have a tendency
towards the improvement, socially, morally, sani-
tarially and intellectually in the community. Al-
ways ready, with a helping hand, and a kind word,
it is not suprising that he should be popular, and
as a fitting evidence of the appreciation in which he
is held, is the fact that he was three consecutive
times elected Mayor of Wyandotte. Politically Mr.
Evans is a thorough and uncomprgmising Repub-
lican, and is looked upon as one of the strongest
and most influential workers in the State. He was
one of the charter members of the Michigan State
Republican Club, and is often consulted on matters
in connection with his party. He is a regular at-
tendant at the Methodist church, which he supports
liberally, and contributes liberally towards other
churches, as well as to general charitable or benevo-
lent movements. He owms considerable real estate
in Wyandotte and in other parts of Michigan, and
also in Ohio and Pennsylvania. In the prime^ of
life, in the enjoyment of excellent health, full of life,

vigor and enterprise, he may confidently anticipate
a career of increasing prosperity und usefulness.

JAMES T. HURST of Wyandotte was born in
Onondaga County, New York July 28. 1843. His
father, Samuel Hurst, was born in Ireland and his
mother, Amanda (Lewis) Hurst, in Onondaga, New
York where they were married In June, 1844, they
removed to Wayne County, M ichigan in which county
they resided until their death The father died
iu April. 1855 and the mother in September, 1875.
They had a family of nine children four of whom
are now living, namely, Sarah E., James T., Cath-
erine and Hester. As a boy, James T., had
but few educational advantages, and experience
and contact with the world have been his chief edu-
cators On April 25 1863, when but twenty years
old, he enlisted as a private in Company M, Fourth
Michigan Cavalry. His record as a soldier is an
excellent one. Shortly before the close of the war,
he returned to Michigan commissioned to raise a
company. He succeeded in getting together one
hundred men, and was about to enter upon active
duty when the great struggle came to an end. and
on May 11, 1865, he was mustered out of service.
Had his company gone into active service, Mr.
Hurst would have been its Second Lieutenant. Be-
fore the war he had been engaged in the lumber
business, and became an expert in estimating stand-
ing timber. In 1867, he settled at Wyandotte, and
on October 16, of the same year he was appointed
Inspector of Customs for the Eastern District of
Michigan, under Collector N. G. Isbel. He re-
signed in 1874, in order to give his attention to
the lumber business, which he had established at
Wyandotte in 1869, and which had now attained
extensive proportions. In 1872, he built a large
steam saw and planing mill, in which he produced
dressed lumber, doors, sash and blinds. He sub-
sequently sold the mill, in order to give his atten-
tion to his large interests in pine land, of which he
now owns some fifty thousand acres. He is also
the owner of a stock farm of three hundred and
twenty acres, situated a short distance outside of
Wyandotte, and on which there are fine specimens
of Percheron, Clydesdale and Hambletonian horses,
and short horn Durham, Hereford and Jersey cattle.
Under Col. N. S. Andrews he was commissioned,
Deputy U. S. Marshal, without being required
to give bonds, and reappointed under Joseph R.
Bennett, his commission being sent to him without
asking. His first vote was cast for Abraham Lin-
coln, in 1864, and he has ever since voted the Re-
publican ticket. He is not an active member of
any church, but affiliates with the Presbyterian, and
gives liberally to other societies. He is a member
of the Masonic Lodge No. 70, of Wyandotte.

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ECORCE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1289

Mr. Hurst is quick to take advantage of every
opportunity, and has raised himself to the front
rank among the active, energetic men of the State,
and is an eminent example of our self-made men.
On July 5, 1869, he married Mary A. Lacy. She
was born in Canada, July 11, 1843. They have a
family of four children, namely, Albert L., James
A., and twin daughters, Eva and Efifie.

F. A. KIRBY is the eldest son of Captain Stephen
R. and Martha Ann Kirby, and was born in Cleve-
land, Ohio, December 30, 1 847. His parents removed
to East Saginaw, Michigan, in 1857, and he passed
from youth to manhood in that city. He possessed
a studious turn of mind, passing through the sev-
eral grades of the public schools, obtaining a good
groundwork for future study. Ambitious to begin
for himself and make his mark in the world, at the
age of eighteen he bade adieu to home and friends
and started westward. Montana was his objective
point. In the fall of 1865 he reached the mountain
section of that territory, which was then an almost
unbroken wilderness. Here he engaged in mining,
and for a series of years worked and fought
against obstacles that would have sooner discour-
aged a less determined character. Success did not
come to him in this region, and in 1870 he was
forced to turn his steps homeward, and now located
in Detroit, where his parents had removed during
his absence. In August, 1871, he removed to
Wyandotte, where he embarked in business with
his brother, F. E. Kirby. The latter had completed
a course of study in engineering in several of the
best technological schools in the East. The evi-
dent ability of the two brothers made such a strong
impression upon Captain E. B Ward, the then
well-known shipbuilder, iron manufacturer, and
leading spirit in all Wyandotte manufacturing
industries, that he soon decided to employ them to
carry to a successful issue an enterprise he had
long had in contemplation, and offered to contract
with them for the construction of a first-class plant
for the building of steel ships " Buy the best, and
build the best,'' were the specific instructions given.
Under their thoughtful, capable and energetic su-
pervision and effort, the appliances and material
were gathered and put in order. The first work
undertaken after the completion of the yard was
the building of the mammoth tug " E. B. Ward, Jr.,"
of 550 tons burden. This was purchased by the
Government and transferred to the seaboard, where
to-day she is doing good service, a standing testimo-
nial to the skill of her designer and builder. In quick
succession were built the " Queen of the Lakes,"
the " Myrtle " steam yacht, seventy feet long by
eight feet beam, with a running record of twenty
miles an hour, the ** Sport," and other craft. Then

came the panic of 1873, and the shutting down of
mills and shipbuilding enterprises, followed by the
death of Captain Ward, and the end for a time of all
Wyandotte's industry. The facilities and opportuni-
ties in their yards, and the abilities of the Messrs,
Kirby, were, however, not destined to lie dormant.
In 1877 the Detroit Dry Dock Company purchased
the shipbuilding plant, continuing F. E. Kirby as en-
gineer, and F. A. Kirby as superintendent. They
soon laid down a sidewheel steamer for the Detroit
and Cleveland Steam Navigation Company. The
composite steamer " City of Detroit" was launched,
and put in commission the following spring. During
the intervening years to date, this company, in
addition to a score of vessels built at their yard at
Detroit, have turned out a fleet of iron and steel
steamships and propellers that would do credit to
the older and more extensive yards on the sea-coast.
Notably among the number may be mentioned the
palace steamer "City of Cleveland," the new
** City of Detroit," " City of Alpena," " City of
Mackinac," and propellers " Hudson," " Harlem,"
" Albany," " Syracuse," " Livingstone " and
•' Palmer." It is well understood among vessel
men that the Wyandotte ship-yard, as managed by
Superintendent Kirby, is a model establishment
Everything to the remotest detail is thorough and
systematic, and the work of six or seven hundred
men is carried on without friction, and with the
regularity of clockwork. " A place for everything,
and everything in its place," is the ruling idea, and
is noticeably evident even to casual visitors. Mr.
Kirby has demonstrated that he is possessed of
much inventive and executive ability, and he directs
and controls the large force of employes with rare
skill, judgment and courtesy.

In politics he is classed as a Republican, but,
except as local honors, such as the Mayoralty of the
city, and other positions are thrust upon him, he pre-
fers the duties of ordinary citizenship. He possesses
a cheerful, frank and friendly disposition, that easily
procures him all the friends he can desire, and
possibly because of this fact he abjures all societies,
whether secret, political, literary or scientific, and
finds in the family circle his chief attraction and
pleasure That charity which is said to cover a
multitude of sins, is, perhaps, one of the most
prominent characteristics of his nature, as very
many of his less fortunate fellow-men have had
occasion to testify.

He was married on November 26, 1874, to Lizzie
E Robinson, of Wyandotte, who died May 28, 1884,
at Booth Bay. Maine. On June 9, 1886, he was
married to Maria C. Elder, of Detroit. He has five
children, namely, Myrtle D., Stephen R., Albert E.,
Lafayette O., and Frank C.

1290

ECORCE TOWNSHIP-BIOGRAPHICAL.

WALTER C. LAMBERT was born at Am-
herstburg, Essex County, Ontario, on October 22,
1863, and is the son of Walter and Elizabeth
(Clement) Lambert. He received his early educa-
tion in the primary schools of his native town, and
graduated from Windsor High School in 1883.
After leaving school he concluded to follow in the
footsteps of his father, who was the leading phy-
sician of Amherstburg. In accordance with this
determination he at once began as a student in the
Michigan College of Medicine. After three years
of hard work he completed the prescribed course,
and graduated in 1886. He was noted among his
fellow-students as a thorough-going, earnest student,
who was determined to fit himself to bear the grave
responsibilities of his profession in a capable and
proper manner, and, in fact, he inherited these ten-
dencies from his father. After careful examination,
Dr. Lambert came to the conclusion that the field
offered by the land of his birth was rather limited,
and he determined to become a citizen of the United
States. Accordingly, in July, 1886, he established
his office in the city of Wyandotte, where his
merits were recognized, and he was not obliged to
pass through the tedious and weary months of
waiting, which usually attends a beginner in the
professions, but rapidly acquired a large practice.

On June 27, 1888, he married Mary A. Duncan-
son, of Amherstburg, and they have a son named
Walter.

Although still a young man. Dr. Lambert has
gained an enviable position in his profession, which
is of the allopathic school. Though prevented by
the demands of his profession from actively engag-
ing in political affairs, he takes a deep interest in
all public questions, and is an ardent believer in
the doctrines of the Republican party. Kind and
courteous in his ways, he quickly wins the esteem
and good will of those he meets, and his position
brings him into contact with many persons. Al-
though a comparatively new resident of Wyandotte,
he has secured the respect of its citizens, and is
held in high regard. His friends feels no hesitation
in saying that if his record in the past can be taken
as an index of what the future has in store, his
career will be crowned with continually increasing
success.

THEOPHILUS J. LANGLOIS is of French
descent. His ancestors emigrated from Rouen,
France, in 1720, to that place of historic renown,
Acadia Nova Scotia, and in 1740 were obliged, by
the British, to flee to the north of Montreal. On
September 7, 1840, just one hundred years later, the
subject of this sketch was bom on the old Boucher
farm, at Grosse Isle. He is the son of Theophilus
and Jeannette (Renaud; Langlois. T he family, when

he was but one year old, removed to the north of
Montreal, where they resided until he completed
his education He attended the preparatory schools
until fourteen years of age, and then entered Joli-
ette College, where he remained for seven years,
acquiring an excellent classical education. In 1862
he came back to Amherstburg. Ontario, and there
taught school for seven years. Whilst teaching,
he also began, in 1865, the study of medicine under
the instruction of Dr. Walter Lambert. In 1869 he
entered the Detroit Medical College, receiving his
diploma from that institution in 1 87 1 . A f ter gradu-
ating he immediately began practice in Wyandotte,
and soon won the good-will of the citizens of his
adopted city, and such was their confidence in him in
1874, when but three years a resident amongst them,
he was elected Mayor of the city, and administered
the office with much credit to himself and benefit
to the people. In 1888 he was again elected to the
Mayorality, and his advent into office marked the
beginning of a period of great activity in the muni-
cipal affairs of the town. He infused some of his
own energy into the subordinate branches of the
city government, bravely confronted the liquor ele-
ment and endeavored to break its power. Through
his efforts he aroused popular sentiment in favor of a
city water works, and successfully carried the elec-
tion on that issue, the happy outcome of that move-
ment giving his term a prominence in local his-
tory of which he may well be proud. Whilst Mayor
of the city he was also made President of the
Board of Education and for seven years he has
also served as city physician. During 1889, he was
appointed a member of the Water Board, for a per-
iod of four years and elected its president. In po-
litics he has always been a Democrat, and is a
shrewd and efficient worker for the party. He is a
veteran sportsman, a member of the famous Turtle
Lake Sporting Club, and annually spends a month
hunting and fishing in the northern woods. Of a
social and fraternal nature, he is a prominent fig-
ure in secret society circles, being a member of the
Masonic Lodge, No. 170, of Wyandotte, the Penin-
sular Chapter, No. 16 of Detroit, 32^ member of the
Michigan Sovereign Consistory, the Ancient Arabic
Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, the Odd Fel-
lows, Knights of Honor. Royal Arcanum, and the
Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is also a
member of the Michigan State Medical Society, and
of the American Medical Association.

On May 5, 1863, he was married to Mary Ber-
trand. They have had five children, three of
whom died in early infancy. Of those living, Eu-
genie, born March 7, 1864, is now the wife of D.
W. Roberts, of Detroit, and Napoleon, born April 7,
1869, is attending the Detroit College of Medicine.
Dr. Langlois's wife died on March 7, 1881, and on

1/5//^^^^'^^^'

ijT

TSvaG^^:^!-^ y^ /t^/uJ^^

ECORCE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

I29I

August 29 of the same year he married Elizabeth
Shoemaker, by whom he has one child, Elfrida, born
January 25, 1883.

Dr. Lan§;lois is a man of broad and liberal views,
tolerant of the opinion of others, and with large
public spirit strives to the utmost of his power to
advance the interests of his adopted city, and his
unswerving and unquestioned integrity has secured
for him a high place in the esteem of his fellow-
citizens. He is highly cultured, possesses strong
mental powers with undomitable will, great cour-
age and exceptionable force of character, and has
fairly won the honors which the people have be-
stowed upon him.

HYACINTHE F. RIOPELLE, Ex-Represen-
tative of the Second District of Wayne County, was
born in Wayne County, Michigan, August 8, 1836.
The Riopelles are closely identified with the early
history of southeastern Michigan, and long before
Wayne County was organized they were represen-
tative citizens. The first of the name who settled
in Detroit, Ambroise Riopelle, was born in Orleans,
in the old Province of Orleannoise, near the Castle
Chavagnac, the birth-place of General LaFayette.
As that portion of France was the home of liberal
principles, in the period when France was giving
birth to the new political doctrines that culminated
in the bloody revolutions of 1789, 1793, and 1804,
it is not to be wondered at that LaFayette was en-
thused with the grand principles of liberty and free-
dom, and with the idea of lending his influence to
assist the Americans, nor that he so readily se-
cured followers in 1780.

Among those who came with LaFayette was
Ambroise Riopelle, the great grandfather of the sub-
ject of this sketch, After LaFayette's return Am-
broise served in the Colonial Navy, and was known
as a brave and courageous man. He became one of
the early residents of Detroit and his name appears
as a representative man in its earlier annals. He
was a son of Pierre Riopelle, who was a farmer on
the banks of the River Loire, and a large owner of
vineyards. Ambroise built the first frame house in
Detroit, on the Riopelle farm, now within the city
limits, where the LaFountain Mills now stand. He
married a Miss Campau and had a family of thir-
teen children, among whom was Dominique, who
became the first silversmith in Detroit.

In the War of 1812, his sons, Dominique Hyacin-
the, John Baptist and Joseph were prominent
and present at the ill-timed surrender of General
Hull.

Hyacinthe, the grandfather of Hyacinthe F.,
married a Miss McCloud, of Scotch origin, by
whom he had two children, Hyacinthe Jr., born in
1805, now dead, and Francis who died at the age

of twenty. The father died at the age of sixty-five
years and was buried in the " Old Beaubien " cem-
etery. Hyacinth, Jr., grew to manhood in his na-
tive county, and followed farming and trading with
the Indians for a business. He married Mary A.
Vernette, youngest daughter of Antoine Vernette,
who was a volunteer in the War of 18 12, and was
killed at the battle of Brownstown. The Vernettes
were also among the earliest of Detroit's founders,
and helped to build Fort Wayne. The children of
Hyacinthe and Mary A. (Vernette) Riopelle were
Hyacinthe F., Joseph C, Dominique J., Josiah L.,
James C, and Magdalene.

Hyacinthe F., the subject of our sketch, was born
on the old Riopelle farm, in the Township of
Ecorce, eight miles from Detroit on the south bank
of the River Rouge.

He was brought up to farm life, and living near
the City of Detroit, secured the advantages of its
educational system, and graduated from the Capitol,
or High School. He also received a thorough busi-
ness education at Cochran's Business and Commer-
cial Law Institute of this city, graduating in 1855.
With this solid foundation to build from, he began
commercial life as a book-keeper, but his zeal and
ambition were greatly retarded by ill-health,
brought on by too close confinement, and he was
eventually compelled to leave the counting room,
and, by medical advice and following earlier
inclinations he went back to the pursuits incident
to farm life, in which he has since been engaged.
His business training and extended reading natur-
ally sharpened an originally practical turn" of mind,
and have given him an advantage over the average
farmer, and he has abundantly demonstrated the fact
that education is necessary to success on a farm,
as well as in commercial life.

The Democratic party in the Second District of
Wayne County owes no inconsiderable amount of
its success to the sagacious tactics of Mr. Riopelle.
In a district largely Republican, they elected him
as a representative by a majority of two hundred
seventy-five votes. Mr. Riopelle has held the of-
fice of Supervisor for twenty consecutive years, not
in a scattering and sparsely settled region, but in a
thriving and bustling centre of Wayne. County,
his name being often placed on the tickets of his
political opponents. For twenty-nine years he has
filled the office of Justice of the Peace, and has also
filled many minor offices. While in the Legislature
he served as a member of the *• Committee on the
Eastern Asylum of the Insane ;" on an important
investigating committee, and upon the " Committee
on the Reform School."

Mr. Riopelle was married January 24, i860, to
Miss Annie Jane, daughter of Charles and Mary
(Rodobaugh) Roulo, a native of New York. Her

1292

GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

father was of French descent and served as a
soldier of the War of 1 8 1 2. Her mother was a native
of York, and of German descent. Her grand-
father, Mr. Roulo, came from Quebec, and was one
of the early explorers of Indiana. He afterwards
settled in Detroit, on what is known as the old
Roulo farm, now ow^ned by Dr. Broman. He built
the first water-power grist mill on Roulo Creek, and
lived and died on the old homestead. He married
Miss Chovin, by whom he had a large family of chil-
dren, Charles being the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. H.
F. Riopelle have had five children, viz.: Charles H.,
James F., Alexander J„ Mary A., and Victoria.

Charles H. was married to Eliza Livernois,
January 24, 1883. Their children are Frank J., born
July 2d, 1884. Edward C , born March 22d, 1886,
and Joseph C, born April 2d, 1888.

James F., was married to Eliza Brisboise, June
7, 1887. Their children are Mary G., born Sep-
tember 9, 1888, and Claude C, born February 15,
1890.

ALEXIS M. SALLIOTTE was born in Ecorce
township, in August, 1837, and is a descendant of
one of the earliest of the French settlers of Michi-
gan. His great grandfather emigrated from France
and settled at Mackinaw at an early day. His
grandfather was born at Mackinaw, but removed
to Ecorce when quite young. His father, Moses
Salliotte, who is still living, was born in Ecorce,
where he has always resided. He married Char-
lotte Cook, an English girl. Their son, Alexis M.,
was reared as a farmer, for which life he had quite
a fancy. His father's means being limited, young
Salliotte sought employment from the neighboring
farmers, and when but sixteen did a man's work in
the harvest field, receiving as compensation twenty- .
five to fifty cents a day. He also worked for three
seasons for George Clark, who then had the largest
fisheries on the Detroit River. The only education
that Mr. Salliotte received was obtained by attend-
ing the district school for three months during the

winter, until he reached his twentieth year. When
twenty-two years of age. he started a small grocery
store, with a capital of one hundred and twenty
dollars, sixty of which he had saved from his earn-
ings ; the other sixty he borrowed from his father.
By observing the strictest economy he was enabled
to add to his stock until he had a good general
variety store. He continued in this business for
twenty-three years, and in 1883 sold the stock and
store to his brother, in order to give all his atten-
tion to the manufacture of lumber, in which busi-
ness he had become largely interested. He is now
engaged in the manufacture of lumber, patent
hoops and staves, and also deals in real estate. He
is interested in three factories, one at Ecorce, one
at Ashley, and another at Alanson, Michigan, and
is the senior partner of the firms of Salliotte &
Raupp, of Ecorce, of Salliotte & Chittenden, at
Ashley, and of Salliotte, Raupp & Ormsby, at
Alanson.

Mr. Salliotte's faith is that of a Roman Catholic
and he is a prominent member^ of the Catholic
Mutual Benefit Association. He also belonged to
the Union League Club during the war, and now
belongs to the Michigan Club, of Detroit. A Re-
publican in politics, he was elected Township
Treasurer in 1865, Township Clerk in 1879 and
1880, and was postmaster of Ecorce from 1861 to
1875. Of late years he has refused all political
honors, though frequently pressed to be candidate
for different offices. Personally Mr. Salliotte is of
a genial disposition, and impresses all who come in
contact with him as a man of sterling qualities and
strict integrity. His correct business methods have
won for him the confidence of all with whom he
has business relations, and his kind acts have
surrounded him with a large number of faithful
friends.

He married Mary S. Rousson in May, 1867, and
has a family of eight children, namely, Cora A.,
Eleanor J., Ada J , Frances C, Alma M., Ettie L ,
Simon M.. and Eliza E.

GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP.

This township was created out of part of the
Township of Springwells by law of May 31, 1832.
The first meeting for the organizing of the town-
ship was held at the house of Theodore G. Holden
on the first Monday in April, 1833. The signifi-
cance of the name is easily seen in the green fields
that the township includes.

The officers of the township have been as fol-
lows :

1833. Supervisor, Nahum P. Thayer ; Township
Clerk, Carpenter Chaffee ; Assessors, John Burbank,
Rodman Stoddard, George W. Miller; Highway
Commissioners, William C. Maples, James C. Blare,
John Greenman; Collector, S. V. Bogert; Con-
stables, Aaron Lyons, S. V. Bogert, John W. Loucks;
School Commissioners, John L. Hyde, John Bur-
bank, H. V. Bogert ; Director of the Poor, J. Bar-
rows ; Treasurer of the Poor, Luther Scovel.

/^^^^xi^^/^^.^^

GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1293

1834. Supervisor, John Burbank; Clerk, Car-
penter Chaffee ; Assessors, L. Scovel, J. Barrows,
M. Greenman; Highway Commissioners, J. Green-
man. A. H. Otis, G. W. Miller; Collector, S. V.
Bogert ; Constables, S. V. Bogert, J. Messmore, G.
A. T. Wheeler, G. Bliss, J. Barnum; School Inspec-
tors, J. Barrows, J. L. Hyde, A. H. Otis, J. Bur-
bank, I. Hitchcock.

1835. There are no records for 1835.

1836. Supervisor, Nahum P. Thayer; Clerk,
John Strong ; Justices of the Peace, for one year,
Asa H. Otis, for two years, Martin Greenman, for
three years, A. S. Schoolcraft, for four years, Jere-
miah Chase ; Assessors, J. H. Smith, G. Blass, H.
Haggerty ; Highway Commissioners, L. Harwood,
D. Fuller, J. Vanderwerker ; School Commissioners,
J. Strong, J. Barager, J. Barrows ; Collector, O. B.
Otis ; Poor Directors, J. E. Ellis, A. Woodruff ;
Constables, J. H. Smith, L. Fuller. D. Goodsell ;
Justices of the Peace, Luke Harwood, John Hos-
kins ; School Inspectors, N. P. Thayer, L. Harwood,
A. H. Otis, J. Strong.

1837. Supervisor, Nahum P. Thayer; Clerk,
John Strong ; Assessors and Highway Commission-
ers, J. Vanderwerker, M. L. Plumb, G, Hurd ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, A. H. Otis ; Poor Directors, T.
Doran, H. Haggerty; School Inspectors, G. Hurd,
M. Doran, A. S. Schoolcraft ; Constables, R. Wil-
son, S. Hill, S. Trumbull, O. A. Vanantwerp ; Col-
lector and Constable, S. V. Bogert.

1838. Supervisor, Paul D. Anderson and Lowell
Goodman each part of a year; Clerk, Elizur L.
Goodman ; AssCvSsors and Highway Commissioners,
J. Burbank J. Monnier, J. Messmore ; Justice of
the Peace, R. Stoddard; Collector, J. Bryant;
School Inspectors, G. Hurd, A. S. Schoolcraft, R.
Stoddard ; Poor Directors, L. Scoville, J. Banagar ;
Constables, I. Bryant, G. Allen, J. Scoville, G. A.
T. Wheeler, J. Messmore ; Justice of the Peace, J.
Burbank.

1839. Supervisor, Isaac W. Fulton; Clerk, Eli-
zur L. Goodman ; Treasurer, N. P. Thayer ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, A. S. Schoolcraft ; Assessors, G.
Blass, W. C. Maples, J. Strong ; Highway Com-
missioners, H. Haggerty, J. Chaffee, J. C. Lang-
don; Collector, J. Vanderwerker ; Poor Directors,
J. Ellis, D. Fuller ; School Inspectors, A. S. School-
craft, G. Hurd, E. T. Smith ; Health Officer, J.
Kennedy; Constables, J. Vanderwerker, J. Shover,
C. Babcock, S. Trumbull.

1840. Supervisor, David Smart; Clerk, Fordice
Blake ; Treasurer, H. V. D. Bogert ; Justices of the
Peace, J. Burbank, N. Champ ; Assessors, G. A. T.
Wheeler, N. Champ, J. Bryant; School Inspectors,
N. Champ, J. Burbank, N. Smith ; Highway Com-
missioners, J. Baragar, J. Ellis, J. Messmore ; Poor
Directors, B. Lapham; J. Ellis ; Health Officer, J.

Blindbury; Collector, S. Bogert; Constables, S.
Ames, J. Lock, G. A T. Wheeler, S". Bogert.

1841. Supervisor, William C. Maples; Clerk,
John Blindbury; Treasurer, N. P. Thayer; Jus-
tices of the Peace, N. P. Thayer, A. S. School-
craft ; Assessors, W. C. Maples, J. Strong, I. W.
Fulton ; Highway Commissioners, V. M. Conrad,
J. Edwards, J. Berriage ; School Inspectors, W.
W. Irwin, A. H. Otis, J. McFarlane ; Collector, W.
Kennedy ; Poor Directors, J. Tireman, J. McFar-
lane ; Constables, W. W. Irwin, W. Kennedy, D.
Vanderwerker, E. Granger.

1842. Supervisor, John Blindbury ; Clerk, James
McFarlane; Treasurer, Wm. Kennedy ; Justice of
the Peace, A. H. Otis ; Assessors, W. C. Maples,
G. Hurd ; Highway Commissioners, A. H. Otis,
W. C. Maples, P. Elbrink ; School Inspectors, J.
McFarlane, W. Perkins, P. Elbrink ; I'oor Direc-
tors, J. Tireman, P. Doran ; Constables, S. Trum-
bull, A. Otis, G. A. T. Wheeler, W. Fulton.

1843. Supervisor, John Blindbury ; Clerk, James
McFarlane ; Treasurer, W. Kennedy ; Justice of
the Peace, A. S Schoolcraft; School Inspectors,
Jas. Davison, W. Irwin ; Highway Commissioners,
M. Crahen, O. Daniels, J. Messmore ; Poor Direc-
tors, N Champ, J. Edwards; Constables, W. Per-
kins, Jr., G. A. T. Wheeler, H. Trumbull, J. Smith.

. 1844. Supervisor, John Blindbury ; Clerk, James
McFarlane ; Treasurer, S. Trumbull ; Justice of the
Peace, J. Burbank ; Assessors, W. Kennedy, J.
Tireman ; Highway Commissioners, M. Crahen, O.
Daniels, J. Blindbury; School Inspector, J. Van-
derwerker; Poor Directors, J. Edwards, J Tire-
man ; Constables, W. Perkins, J. Vanderwerker, J.
O'Neil, H. Trumbull.

1845. Supervisor, John Blindbury; Clerk, James
McFarlane ; Treasurer, W. Perkins ; Justices of the
Peace, J. McFarlane, J. C. Williams; Highway
Commissioners, J. Blindbury, W. Fulton, E. Chase ;
School Inspector, J. Strong; Assessors, G. H.
Shead, J. Smith ; Constables, W. Perkins. J. O'Neil,
W. W. Irwin, E. Chase.

1 846. Supervisor, John C. Williams ; Clerk, John
Blindbury ; Treasurer, W. Perkins, Jr. ; Justices of
the Peace, S. Trumbull, E. Chase, N. P. Thayer ;
Assessors, E. Chase, W. C. Maples, Jr. ; Highway
Commissioners, M. Crahen, E. Lumore, L. Fuller;
Poor Directors, J. Edwards, P. Doran; School In-
spector, J. S. Tuxbury ; Constables, J. S. Tuxbury,
W. Perkins. Jr., A. O. Haggerty, W. Wright.

1847. Supervisor, Asa H. Otis; Clerk, Martin
Crahen; Treasurer, W. Kennedy; Justices of the
Peace, W. C. Maples, J. Smith ; Highway Commis-
sioners, P. Bahen, J. Berrage, A. H. Otis ; School
Inspector, C. Ward ; Poor Directors, T. Doran, T.
McNamara; Constables, W. Kennedy, J. Doran,
W. Wright, J. Maples.

1294

GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1848. Supervisor, Asa H. Otis; Clerk, Martin
Crahen ; Collector and Treasurer, C. Ward ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, J. Blindbury, O Daniels ; High-
way Commissioners, A. H. Otis, one year, J. Smith,
two years, P. Bahen, three years; School Inspector,
J. McFarlane ; Poor Directors, J. Tireman, P. Doran;
Constables, L. Lathrop, A. Otis, C. Kennedy, B.
1 hayer.

1849. Supervisor, Asa H. Otis; Clerk, James
McFarlane ; Treasurer, C. Ward ; Justices of the
Peace. G. A. T. Wheeler, G. H. Shaw ; Highway
Commissioner, A. H. Otis ; School Inspectors, C.
Ward, T. McNamara ; Poor Directors, J. Tireman,
P. Doran ; Constables, J. Maples, H. Lathrop, J.
St. Clair, J. Strong.

1850. Supervisor, Asa'H. Otis; Clerk, James
McFarlane ; Treasurer, C. Ward ; Justice of the
Peace, N. Philbrick ; Highway Commissioner, J.
Strong; School Inspector, T. McNamara; Poor
Directors, J. Tireman, P. Doran; Constables, J.
Strong, J. Walker, J. Kennedy, L. Lathrop.

1 85 1. Supervisor, Asa H. Otis; Clerk, James
McFarlane; Treasurer, A. Otis; Justice of the
Peace, J. C. Williams; Highway Commissioner, C.
Ward ; School Inspector, N. Tuxbury ; Poor Direc-
tors, J. Tireman J. Monier ; Constables, J. Strong,
L. Lathrop. A, Otis S. P. Dicks.

1852. Supervisor, James McFarlane; Clerk,
Charles W. Williams; Treasurer and Collector, S.
P. Dicks ; Justice of the Peace, D. Daniels ; High-
way Commissioner, C.Wilson; School Inspector,
C. Ward ; Poor Directors, O. Daniels, A. Otis ;
Constables, D. Van Dervverker, J. P. Simpson, C.
Wilson, H. Partridge.

1853. Supervisor, James McFarlane; Clerk,
Charles W. Williams ; Treasurer and Collector,
John Strong, Jr. ; Justices of the Peace, G. A. T.
Wheeler, S. Trumbull. W. Henderson; Highway
Commissioner, S.Trumbull; School Inspector. N.
Tuxbury ; Poor Directors, P. Doran C. Kennedy ;
Constables J. Ward, H. Partridge, J. Strong, Jr.;
G. Wood worth.

1854. Supervisor, Charles W. Williams ; Clerk,
Salem T. Phillips ; Treasurer, John Strong, Jr. ;
Justices of the Peace, J. McFarlane N. Tuxbury;
Highway Commissioner, J. Ayers ; School Inspec-
tor, C. W. Williams ; Poor Directors, C. Kennedy,
P. Doran ; Constables J. Ward. A. Frank J. Strong,
Jr.. J. Walker.

1855. Supervisor, Asa H. Otis; Clerk Henry
M. Payne; Treasurer, John Strong, Jr ; Justice of
the Peace. W. Henderson; Highway Commissioner,
J. Strong, Sr. ; School Inspector, J. Strong. Sr. ;
Poor Directors, C. Kennedy J. Burridge, J. Strong,
Jr., G. H. Tuxbury; Constables, J. Ward T. Lang-
ley, J. Strong. Jr.. A. Frank.

1856. Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk James

Davidson ; Treasurer, J. Strong Jr. ; Justice of the
Peace, S. Trumbull; School Inspector, J. McFarlane ;
Highway Commissioner, G. A. T. Wheeler; Poor
Directors, T. Hall C. Minnaugh ; Constables, J.
Strong, Jr., A. French, H. Carmer, T. Hall.

1857. Supervisor. John Strong, Sr. ; Clerk, James
Davidson, Jr.; Treasurer, , H. S. Tyler ; Justice of
the Peace, G. A. T. Wheeler; School Inspector, J.
Strong, Sr. ; Highway Commissioner, A. Frank ;
Poor Directors, O. Otis, J. Tireman ; Constables, J.
Goodsell. B. Thayer, J. Powers, W. L. Taylor.

1858. Supervisor, James McFarlane ; Clerk, My-
ron Coon ; Treasurer, John Whiting; Justice of the
Peace, J. Bryant ; Highway Commissioner, M.
Coon ; School Inspector, J. McFarlane ; Poor Direc-
tors, A. Otis, J. Alder ; Constables, J. Ward, J.
McDonald, J. Thayer, W. L. Taylor.

1859. Supervisor, James McFarlane ; Clerk, John
Strong, Jr.; Treasurer, J. Whiting; Justice of the
Peace, E. Villerot ; Highway Commissioners, J. C.
William.s, .B. Thayer ; School Inspector, F. Bou-
teiller ; Poor Directors, J. Drouillard, F. Stephens ;
Constables, J. J. Thayer, F. Stephens, L. Maples,

E. Roy.

i860. Supervisor, James McFarlane ; Clerk, John
Strong, Jr. ; Treasurer A. Otis ; Justices of the
Peace, J. F. Stephens, W. Henderson ; School In-
spector, J. Strong. Sr. ; Highway Commissioners B.
Thayer, W. Barber; Poor Directors, D. Miller, P.
Doran ; Constables, W. Reynolds. F. Bouteiller, J.
J. Thayer, L. Maples.

1 86 1. Supervisor, James McFarlane ; Clerk, John
Strong, Jr. ; Treasurer and Collector, A. Otis ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, G. A. T. Wheeler; Highway
Commissioner, M. Coon ; School Inspector, F. Hul-
bert; Poor Directors, J. Tireman, D. Miller; Con-
stables, W. Henderson, J. J. Thayer, S. T. Phillips,

F. Ryter.

1 862. Supervisor, James McFarlane ; Clerk, John
Strong, Jr.; Treasurer, P. Ternes; Justice of the
Peace, F. Hulbert; Highway Commissioner, W.
Barber ; School Inspector, F. P. Bouteiller ; Poor
Directors, C. Mennaugh, D. Miller ; Constables, W.
Reynolds, P. Esper, S. T. Phillips, W. Henderson.

1863. Supervisor, James McFarlane; Clerk,
Salem T. Phillips; Treasurer, P. Ternes; Justice
of the Peace, W. Henderson; School Inspectors, D.
W. Fiske, F. Hulbert; Highway Commissioner, B.
Thayer ; Poor Directors, C. Mennaugh, J. J. Thayer ;
Constables, J. J. Thayer. B. Otis, M. Doran, W. M.
Hall.

1864. Supervisor, Peter Ternes; Clerk, John F.
Stephens; Treasurer, J. C. McDonald; Justice of
the Peace, R.R. Worden; Highway Commissioner,
W. Barber; School Inspector R. R. Worden; Poor
Directors, A. Otis, D. W. Fiske; Constables, V.
Doran, C. Stager, W. Henderson, Jr., J.J. Thayer.

GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP- ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1295

1865. Supervisor, PeterTern.es; Clerk, George
F. Pillard; Treasurer, J. C. McDonald; Justices of
the Peace, J. F. Stephens. P. Monnier ; Highway
Commissioner, D. W. Fiske ; School Inspector, W.
Brown ; Poor Directors A. Otis, S. Trumbull ;
Constables. G. F. Higgins, S. Trumbull, A. Frank,
S. T. Phillips.

1866. Supervisor, Peter Ternes ; Clerk. George

F. Pillard ; Treasurer, J. J. Thayer ; Justice of the
Peace, W. Congdon ; Highway Commissioner, A.
Otis ; School Inspector, D. W. Fiske ; Poor Direc-
tors, A. Otis, C. Mennaugh ; Constables, V. Doran,

G. F. Higgins, W. Barber, C. H. Marston.

1867. Supervisor, Peter Ternes; Clerk, Amos
Otis; Treasurer and Collector, J. J. Thayer ; Justice
of the Peace, G. A. T. Wheeler; Highway Com-
missioner, W. Barber; School Inspector, W. Brown;
Poor Directors, J. Tireman, C. Minnaugh ; Con-
stables, G. F. Higgins, V. Doran, A. G. Wheeler,
J. Stonehouse.

1868. Supervisor, Peter Ternes; Clerk, David
R. Price ; Treasurer, A. Frank ; Justice of the
Peace, A. F. Mead; Highway Commissioner, E.
Villerot ; School Inspector, W. Henderson. Jr. ;
Poor Directors, J. Tireman, P. Whalen ; Constables,
J. Bahan, J. Doran, T. McGee. Jr., V. Doran.

1869. Supervisor George F. Pillard; Clerk,
David R. Price; Treasurer, A. Frank; Justices of
the Peace, I. Daniels, J. F. Stephens; Highway
Commissioner, A. Gautherat ; School Inspector,
W. Brown; Poor Directors P. Whalen, C. Min-
uagh ; Constables, J. Stonehouse, J. Doran, A.
Wheeler, P. Whalen.

1870. Supervisor, George F. Pillard; Clerk,
David R. Price; Treasurer, S. Ford; Justice of the
Peace, W. Condon; Poor Directors, C. Minnaugh,
J. Walker; Highway Commissioner, G. F. Higgins;
School Inspector, P. C. Monnier; Constables, H. A.
Snyder, W. Knapp, J. E. Albro, D. O'Callaghan.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Antoine Ternes ; Clerk, Henry
Lanco ; Treasurer, S. Ford ; Justice of the Peace,
W. Henderson; Highway Commissioner, P. Whal-
en ; School Inspector, G. A. T. Wheeler ; Poor
Directors, C. Minnaugh, G. A. T. Wheeler; Con-
stables, D. O'Callaghan, A. G. Wheeler, J. Petri, P.
Caper; Drain Commissioner, A. Otis.

1872. Supervisor, George F. Pillard; Clerk,
Henry Lanco; Treasurer, J. F. Stephens; Justices
of the Peace, J. C. Williams, A. C. Lara way ; School
Inspector, G. F. Higgins; Highway Commissioner,
V. Doran ; Poor Directors, C. Minnaugh, M. Thei-
son; Drain Commissioner, M. Esper; Constables,
D. Hughes. Jr., W. Ford, D. O'Callaghan, H. A.
Snyder.

1873. Supervisor, George F. Pillard ; Clerk,
Adolphe Gautherat; Treasurer, J. F. Stephens;
Justices of the Peace, G. Rathburn, L. Waffle ;

Highway Commissioner, G. F. Higgins; School
Inspector, J. Sprague ; Drain Commissioner, G. L.
Cary; Constables, A. Capler, J. Knowlton, W.
Palmer, A. G. Tyler.

1874. Supervisor, George F. Pillard ; Clerk,
Adolphe Gautherat; Treasurer, G. L. Cary ; Justice
of the Peace, E. W. Cottrell; Highway Commis-
sioner, P. Whalen; School Inspector, G. F. Higgins;
Drain Commissioner, J. F. Turner; Constables, P.
Haskell, P. A. Lemaire, J. Dicks, A. Trombly.

1875. Supervisor, George F. Pillard ; Clerk,
William Ruthruff ; Treasurer, G. L. Cary ; Justice
of the Peace, W. Henderson; Highway Commis-
sioner, G. F. Higgins ; Drain Commissioner, P.
Whalen ; School Inspector, W. Henderson ; Super-
intendent of Schools, J. C. Williams ; Constables,
P. B. Haskell. G. H. Brown D. O'Callaghan.

1876. Supervisor, George F. Pillard; Clerk,
William Knapp; Treasurer, J. F. Turner; Justice
of the Peace, J. B. Price ; Highway Commissioner,
G. F. Higgins ; Drain Commissioner, P. Whalen ;
Superintendent of Schools, E. W. Cottrell ; School
Inspector, J. Sprague; Constables, J. Black, W.
Hill, W. Ford, O. M. Dicks.

1877. Supervisor, George F. Pillard, Eber W.
Cottrell, each part of a year ; Clerk. Wm. Knapp ;
Treasurer, G. F. Turner ; Justice of the Peace, P. C.
Monnier; Highway Commissioner, H. Lanco ; Drain
Commissioner, G. L. Cary ; Superintendent of
Schools, Eber W. Cottrell ; School Inspector, J.
Sprague ; Constables, O. Dicks, P. Winn, W. Ford,
S. W. Snyder.

1878. Supervisor, Walter Henderson; Clerk,
George F. Higgins; Treasurer, A. R. Coon; High-
way Commissioner, H. Lanco ; Drain Commis-
sioner, W. Ruthruff; Superintendent of Schools,
E. W. Cottrell; School Inspector, T. Langley;
Constables, O. M. Dicks. P. Winn, S. W. Snyder,
W. Balow.

1 879. Supervisor, William A. McFarlane ; Clerk,
George F. Pillard ; Treasurer, J. Sprague ; Justices
of the Peace, L. Wolk, W. R. Redford ; Highway
Commissioner, H. Lanco ; Superintendent of Schools,
G. L. Pierce ; School Inspector, T. Langley ; Con-
stables, O. M. Dicks, P. Winn, W. Ford, W.
Balow.

1880. Supervisor, William A. McFarlane ; Clerk,
George F. Pillard; Treasurer, J. Sprague; Justice
of the Peace, G. T. Ford ; Highway Commissioner,
J. F. Turner; Superintendent of Schools, J.
O'Shaunessy ; School Inspector, T. Langley ; Drain
Commissioner, L. Reed ; Constables, O. M. Dicks,
W. Balow, P. Winn, H. Plugge.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Walter Henderson ; Clerk, Asa
H. Otis; Treasurer, J. Bossardet; Justice of the
Peace, J. B. Price ; Highway Comniissioner, J. F.
Turner; Superintendent of Schools, G. F. Pillard

1296

GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

School Inspector, F. T. Hall ; Drain Commissioner,
B. Otis ; Constables, H. Plugge, O. M. Dicks, H.
Balow, P. Winn.

1882. Supervisor, William A. McFarlane ; Clerk,
Asa H. Otis ; Treasurer, J. Bossardet ; Justice of
the Peace, O. M. Dicks; Highway Commissioner,
F. T. Hall; School Inspectors, G. F. Pillard, J. J.
Browne ; Drain Commissioner, B. Otis ; Constables,
H. Balow, P. Winn, B. Myers, H. Plugge.

1883. Supervisor William A. McFarlane ; Clerk,
Asa H. Otis ; Treasurer, C. Lercher ; Justices of
the Peace, W. Henderson, T. J. Wells ; Highway
Commissioner, F. T. Hall ; School Inspector, T.
Langly; Constables, P. Winn, H. Balow, B.Meyer,
H. Plugge.

1884. Supervisor, Walter Henderson ; Clerk,
Timothy Kelley ; Treasurer, C. Lercher ; Justice of
the Peace, G. T. Ford ; Highway Commissioner, P.
Winn ; School Inspector, W. Kennedy; Drain Com-
missioner, B. Otis ; Constables, B. Meyer, H. Balow,

F. Prochaski, P. Winn.

1885. Supervisor, Walter Henderson; Clerk,
Timothy Kelley ; Treasurer, C. Schultz ; Justice of
the Peace, P. Whalen ; Highway Commissioner, P.
Winn; School Inspector, J. J. Browne; Constables,
B. Meyer, F. Ayres, A. Beahmer, W. Ford.

1886. Supervisor, William McFarlane; Clerk,
David Wallace, Jr. ; Treasurer, C. Schultz ; Justice
of the Peace, M. Doran: Highway Commissioner,
T. Kelley; School Inspector, A. H. Otis; Drain
Commissioner, H. Ayres; Constables, W. Ford, E.
Chevillot, P. Winn, J. Addison.

1887. Supervisor, William A. McFarlane; Clerk,
David Wallace, Jr. ; Treasurer, A. Beahmer ; Justice
of the Peace, O. M. Dicks ; Highway Commissioner,
T. Kelley ; School Inspector, H. Tams ; Constables,

B. Meyer, P. Winn, J. Knowlton, J. C. Addison.

1888. Supervisor Timothy Kelley; Clerk, Wm.
Walsh ; Treasurer, A. Beahmer ; Justice of the Peace,

G. T. Ford ; Highway Commissioner, P. Winn ;
School Inspector, A. H. Otis ; Drain Commissioner,

C. Schultz ; Constables, P. Frazer, E. Chevillot, B.
Meyer, J. Addison.

1889. Supervisor, Timothy Kelley; Clerk, Wm.
Walsh ; Treasurer, Charles Norton ; Justice of the
Peace, H. Lanco ; Highway Commissioner, D.
Wallace, Jr. ; School Inspector, M. Doran ; Con-
stables, E. Chevillot, A. Beahmer, P. B'razer, C.
Mauch.

1890. Supervisor, Timothy Kelley; Clerk, Wm.
Walsh; Treasurer, Wm. Hendry; Justice of the
Peace, M. Doran ; Highway Commissioner, P. Winn;
Drain Commissioner, C. Schultz ; School Inspector,
Wm. RuthrufiF ; Board of Review, M. Doran, Myron
Coon : Constables, P. Cavanaugh, C. Mauch, A.
Beahmer, F. Brandenburg.

This township includes more than half of the so-

called 10 000 acre tract, and is crossed by two of
the oldest roads in the State, namely, the Pontiac
and Grand River roads.

The population of the township in 1840 was 738 ;
in 1850, 1,674; in i860, 2,135 ; in 1870, 2,406; and
in 1880, 2,216.

The valuation of real and personal property in
several decades was as follows: 1840. $220,421;
1850, $88,632; i860, $514,539; 1870, $671,356;
and in 1880, $1,816,250. -

The most notable features in the township are
the very extensive seed farms of D. M. Ferry &
Co., and the extensive agricultural and stock farm
and unique and beautiful log house of ex-Senator
T. W. Palmer. The house is delightfully located,
and is furnished and fitted up with all kinds of
antique and old-time furniture, and is in itself an
epitome of the best days of old New England.
There is an artificial lake in front of the house,
with facilities for boating, and in five minutes of
time the visitor can walk or drive into shade and
solitude so dense that it would be easy to imagine
ones self an inhabitant of New Forest in the days of
William Rufus. The tired and restless in the cool
and quiet of these umbrageous woods, can find new
energy and life, and may live the longer to bless the
thoughtfulness that withheld the woodsman's axe
and the civilizing plow from this delightful place.

The annual school report of the township for the
year ending September 3. 1888, showed one brick
and seven frame school-houses, costing $9,800, and
seating 516 pupils, with an enrollment of 690 and
an average daily attendance of 381. Five male and
six female teachers were employed.

Grace M, E. Church.

Grace M. E. Church is located on the Plymouth
plank road, about six miles from Detroit. Services
were held in this vicinity as early as 1833, ^^d a
Methodist class formed and a society gathered, but
it was attached now to one circuit and now to
another, and occasionally connected with some
mission church in Detroit, and the organization was
usually weak, through the inability of those in charge
to do the work full justice. The best and most
satisfactory work dates from the year 1878, since
which time Rev. D. B. Tracy has had charge ; he
has served the work while holding a certificate of
location from the conference. The church building
was dedicated on August 3 1862, and seated 200.
An addition since erected now gives a seating ca-
pacity of 300. The building has cost about $2,000.

RAVENSWOOD.

This village, laid out in 1887 by A. E. Peppers,
is located on the Grand River road, about five miles
from the City Hall, in an excellent agricultural

^^/v (iJ4 rj^/A

^/-m:_

GROSSE POINTE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1297

region, and is the nucleus of quite a thriving settle-
ment. Being within easy reach of Detroit, and in
an excellest neighborhood, the lots are certain to
increase in value.

HIGHLAND PARK.

The plat of the village, located on the Pontiac
road, an extension of Woodward Avenue, was
recorded on November 11, 1886. It was incorpo-
rated by Act of 1889. The first election of officers
was held May 6, 1889, and the 'following were
elected : President, John B. Price ; Clerk, Franklin

G. L. Connell; Trustees for two years, Albert
Fisher, Bernhard Jacob, Ernest Petry, Jr. ; Trustees
for one year, Flavius L. Brooke, John J. Mansfield,
Clarence H. Leonard; Treasurer, Chas. O. Parme-
lee ; Assessor, Ernest Petry, Sr. ; Highway Com-
missioner, Delos W. Harmon ; Constable, Jacob
Breitmeyer; Marshall, J. N. M. Gerey.

The officers in 1890 are : President, Alex. Stew-
art ; Clerk, A. L. Bour ; Treasurer, C. O. Parmelee ;
Street Commissioner, D. W. Harmon ; Assessor, C.
D. Stevens ; Constable, B. Kunze ; Trustees, E. E.
Mooney, C. H. Leonard, F. Holznagle.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JAMES McFARLANE, late of Greenfield, was
born at Barhead, Scotland, on May 28, 1810, and
was the son of Alexander and Christina (Anderson)
McFarlane. He received his education at a select
school in Barhead, and at the age of twelve went
to work at calico stamping In 1827, he emigrated
to Paterson, New Jersey, and found employment at
the Hudson print works. In 1837, he turned his
steps westward, and settled near Peoria, Illinois,
where he bought some land and engaged in
farming. Two years later he sold his farm and
moved to Michigan, settling in Greenfield, Wayne
County.

He was a staunch Democrat, and did much work
in the exciting political campaigns of his day. He
took an active part in the public affairs of his town-
ship, and at various times in his life held the offices,
of Supervisor, Town Clerk, Justice of the Peace, and
Representative to the State Legislature. He also
helped to organize the Mutual Insurance Company,

of Wayne and Monroe Counties, and was elected its
first president.

He was brought up a Presbyterian, but was not
a professing member of that church.

In 1827, he was married to Miss Elizabeth
Walsh, by whom he had six children, namely, John,
Alexander, Margaret A., now Mrs. J. C. McDon-
ald, Mary C . now Mrs. C. M. McDonald, Christina
E , now Mrs. Theodore Tolchard and William A.,
who is the present representative of the family in the
county, and one of the leading farmers in the state.

The elder Mr. McFarlane was a man of great
energy and strength of purpose Coming to this
state when it was but slightly developed, he liter-
ally cut his farm and fortune out of the wilderness.
He was universally esteemed and bore an unblem-
ished character, possessing a good constitution and
vigorous habits he personally managed his farm up
to a few years before his death, which occurred on
March 30, 1880.

GROSSE POINTE TOWNSHIP.

This township orginally formed part of the Town-
ship of Hamtramck, but was erected into a separ-
ate township by Act of April i, 1848. The first
township meeting was held at the house of Henry
Hudson on Lake Ste. Claire on Monday, April 3,
1827, and the township was then fully organized.
The locality takes its name of Great Point from its
projection into Lake Ste. Claire. As late as 18 10 it
was also called Presque Isle Peninsula.

The officers of the township have been as fol-
lows :

1848. Supervisor, George Moran ; Clerk, Robert
A. Barton ; Justices of the Peace, George Martin,

Francis Van Antwerp, Daniel Corbey, Frederick
Juif; Assistant Assessors, James Barton, John
Greiner, Sr.; Highway Commissioners, Jacob
Strieker, Michael Klein, Jacob Long ; School Inspec-
tors, George M. Guthrie, John Greiner, Sr.; Poor
Directoi:s, Conrad Baehr, George Laforge ; Con-
stables, David Hudson, John Edwards, Elair Four-
nier.

1849. Supervisor, Daniel Corbey ; Clerk, Robert
A. Barton ; Treasurer, Dagobert Juif ; Justice
of the Peace, Nathan Pierce ; Assistant Asses-
sors, Peter Provoncal, John Pulcher ; Highway
Commissioners, one year, Michael Klein, two years,

1298

GROSSE POINTE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Jacob Strieker, three years, George Laforge ; School
Inspectors, Thomas Mater, Rufus M. Kerbey ;
Poor Directors, George Laforge, Conrad. Baehr ;
Constables, David Hudson, Nelson R. John, David
Grant, Herman Brinker.

1850. Supervisor, George Martin; Clerk, Jacob
Strieker ; Treasurer, John Greiner ; Justice of the
Peace, A. Michie ; Assessors, T. E. Martin, D.
Juif ; School Inspector, B. Connor; Highway Com-
missioner, F. Gouin ; Poor Directors, G. Laforge,
L. Diegel ; Constables, A Bucher, L. Vernier, J.
Edwards, L Trombley.

1851. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, Jacob
Strieker; Treasurer, L. Diegel; Justice of • the
Peace, D. Corbey ; Highway Commissioner, G. La-
forge ; School Inspector, A. Michie ; Assessors, G.
Martin, D. Juif ; Poor Directors, M. Klein, A.
Baehr; Constables, L. Allard, J. Edwards, A.
Bucher, N. R. John.

1852. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, Jacob
Strieker ; Treasurer, L. Diegel ; Justice of the Peace,
G. Martin ; School Inspector, C. B. Chauvin ;
Highway Commissioner, F. Gouin ; Assessors, J.
Edwards, A. Gouin ; Poor Directors, H. Hanstein,

C. Baehr ; Constables, A. Moran, P. Vootre, J. Ed-
wards, F. Trombley.

1853. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, Jacob
Strieker ; Treasurer, L. Diegel ; Justices of the
Peace, John Greiner ; Highway Commissioner, A.
Bucher; School Inspector, D. Corbey ; Poor Di-
rectors, C. Baehr, L. Trombley ; Constables, F.
Trombley, J. Corbey, L. Allard, J. Edwards.

1854 Superv sor, Rufus M. Kerby; Clerk,
Jacob Strieker ; Treasurer, L. Diegel ; Justice of the
Peace, A. Gouin ; Highway Commissioner, M.
Klein ; School Inspector, A. A. Delmas ; Poor Di-
rectors, G Laforge, Jr , J. Edwards ; Constables,
S. Gitney, J Edwards, A Gouin, F. Campau.

1855. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, Jacob
Strieker ; Treasurer, L. Diegel ; Justice of the Peace,

D. Corby ; Highway Commissioner, S. Gitney ;
School Inspector, R. M. Kerby ; Poor Directors, J.
Edwards, L Gouin ; Constables, J. Edwards, J. P.

, Greiner, J. Kreck, M. Gouin.

1856. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, John
Corby ; Treasurer, A. Diegel ; Justices of the
Peace, C. Chauvin, J. Adams ; Highway Commis-
sioner, F. Gouin ; School Inspector, A. Michie ;
Poor Directors, J. Neff, J. Edwards ; Constables, J.
Wertz, J. Edwards, J. Frich, L. Allard.

1857. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, John
Corby: Treasurer, M. Gouin ; Justice of the Peace,
A. A. Delmas ; Highway Commissioner, G. Sunder-
land ; School Inspector, J. Strieker; Constables, J.
Edwards, N. Young, G. Laforge, A. Trombley.

1858. Supervisor, Richard H. Connor; Clerk,
Charles B. Chauvin ; Treasurer, M. Gouin ; Justice

of the Peace, F. Van Antwerp ; Highway Commis-
sioner, N. Young; School Inspector, R. M. Kerby ;
Poor Directors, E. Trombley, C. Trombley ; Con-
stables, G 1 aforge, J. Edwards, L. Allard, N.
Young.

1 859. Supervisor, James Appling ; Clerk, Charles
B. Chauvin ; Treasurer, M. Gouin ; Justices of the
Peace, A. Michie, J. Corby ; School Inspectors, C.
M. Cadieux, A. A. Delmas ; Highway Commis-
sioner, F. Gouin ; Poor Directors, C. Trombley, F.
Juif; Constables, J. Tuger, C. Winks G. Laforge,
Jr., A. Trombley.

i860. Supervisor Rufus M, Kerby ; Clerk, Jacob
Strieker ; Treasurer, G. Laforge, Jr.; Justice of the
Peace, A. A. Delmas ; School Inspector, C. M.
Cadieux ; Highway Commissioner, C. Trombley ;
Poor Directors, D. Corby, J. Neff; Constables, G.
Sunderland, J. Tuger, J. Fuch, Jr , H C. Barton

1861. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby; Clerk,
Charles B. Chauvin; Treasurer, G Laforge, Jr.;
Justice of the Peace, J. C. Pulcher ; School Inspec-
tor, A. A Delmas ; Highway Commissioner, J. P.
Greiner; Poor Directors, J. K. Neff, A. Bucher;
Constables, G. Springer, M. Herman, A. Moran, J.
Fuch, Jr.

1862. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby; Clerk,
Charles B. Chauvin ; Treasurer, F- Juif ; Justices
of the Peace, G. Vernier, C. Wenks ; School In-
spector, R. Pulcher; Highway Commissioner, F.
Gouin; Poor Director, N. Benoit, A. Bucher; Con-
stables, W. Walter, J Pulcher, J. Fuch, B Renan.

1863. Supervisor, John C. Pulcher; Clerk,
Charles B. Chauvin ; Treasurer, F. Juif ; Justice of
the Peace, D. Corby ; Highway Commissioner, C.
Trombley ; School Inspector, C. M. Cadieux ; Poor
Directors, N. Benoit, C. Biehr; Constables, A.
Vernier, J. Fuch, Jr , J. Schoenher, J. P. Greiner.

1864. Supervisor, John C. Pulcher; Clerk,
Charles B. Chauvin ; Treasurer, L. L. Allard ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, R. H. Connor; School Inspector,
R. Pulcher; Highway Commissioner, J. P. Greiner;
Poor Directors, A Page, C. Baehr ; Constables, C.
Baehr, M. Schoenher, J. Vandeurde, C. Fuch.

1865. Supervisor, John C Pulcher; Clerk,
Charles B. Chauvin ; Treasurer, L. L. Allard ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J. Tugar; School Inspectors, C.
M. Cadieux, D. Corby; Highway Commissioner, F.
Gouin; Poor Directors, F. R. Juif, E. R. John;
Constables, J. Van Dewile, G. Vernier, M. Schoen-
her, C. Baehr,

1866. Supervisor, John C. Pulcher; Clerk,
Charles B. Chauvin ; Treasurer, E. Fournier ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, A. Michie ; School Inspector, D.
Trombley; Highway Commissioner, C. Trombley;
Poor Directors, G. St. Aubin, S. Gitny ; Constables,
P. Schoenher, C. Vernier, J. Laduke, T. Haustine.

1867. Supervisor, John C. Pulcher; Clerk,

GROSSE POINTE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS,

1299

Charles Moran ; Treasurer, E. Fournier ; Justice of
the Peace, D. Corby ; School Inspector, R. Pulcher ;
Highway Commissioner, L. Peters ; Poor Directors,
S. Gintry, T. Trombley ; Constables, L. Peters, Jr.,
F. Heinstein, J. Vernier, F. Ternes.

1868 Supervisor, John C. Pulcher; Clerk,
Charles Moran: Treasurer, J. Brangard ; Justice of
the Peace, R. H. Connor; School Inspector, D.
Trombley; Highway Commissioner, F. Trombley;
Poor Directors, W. Chauvin, C. Baehr; Constables,
L. Peters, P. Alt. A. Moran, B. Reno.

1869. Supervisor, John C. Pulcher; Clerk,
Charles Moran ; Treasurer, J. Brangard ; Justice of
the Peace, J. Dedenbaugh ; School Inspector, R.
Pulcher ; Highway Commissioner, C. Trombley ;
Poor Directors, W. Chauvin, F. Juif ; Constables,
P. Alt, J. Pechie, P. Reno, P. Chenear.

1870. Supervisor, John C. Pulcher; Clerk,
Charles Moran ; Treasurer, H. Henstein ; Justice of
the Peace, R. M. Kerby ; School Inspector, C. M.
Cadieux ; Highway Commissioner, X. Brangard ;
Constables, F. H. Connor, M. Hardy, G. Lafarge,
P. Bakeman.

1 87 1 . Supervisor, Rufus M . Kerby ; Clerk, Uavid
Trombley ; Treasurer, R. Moran ; Justice of the
Peace, N. Juif ; School Inspector, L. Vernier; High-
way Commissioner, P. Girard ; Constables, C Van-
ash, M. Hardy, C. Trombley, J. McCormick.

1872. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, David
Trombley ; Treasurer, J. J. Girard ; Justice of the
Peace, J. B. Gravier ; Drain Commissioner, J. Zugar;
Highway Commissioners, A. Diegel, F, H. Connor,
A. Vernier ; School Inspector, R. Pulcher ; Con-
stables, M. Hardy, C. Freeh, M. Pifer, M. Girard.

1873. Supervisor, John Dedenbach ; Clerk,
David Trombley ; Treasurer, V. L Vernier ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, R. Lamb, G. Vernier; School
Inspector, F. H. Connor; Highway Commissioner,
M. Girard ; Drain Commissioner, P. Lamay ; Poor
Directors, A. Grail, J. Vandervan ; Constables. J.
Girard, M. Hardy, R. Trombley, R. Connor, Jr.

1874. Supervisor, Rufus M. Kerby ; Clerk, David
Trombley; Treasurer, F. Trombley ; Justices of the
Peace, G. Martin, L. L. Allard ; Highway Commis-
sioner, F. H. Connor ; Drain Commissioner, P. La-
may; School Inspectors, L. Vernier, F. H. Connor ;
Poor Directors, A. Groll, J. Vandervan ; Constables,
P. Neff, C. Vernier, M. Hardy, P. Girard.

1875. Supervisor, David Trombley; Clerk,
Francis H. Connor; Treasurer, X. Brangard; Jus-
tices of the Peace, M. Greiner, G. B. Chauvin ;
Superintendent of Schools, R. Pulcher ; School In-
spector, L. Vernier; Drain Commissioner, R. H.
Connor; Highway Commissioner, R. M. Kerby;
Poor Directors, A. Paye, S. Young ; Constables, L.
Allard, A. Gagnier, M. Hardy, J. Zugar.

The records from 1876 to 1880 cannot be found.

1880. Supervisor, David Trombley ; Clerk, John
F Kerby ; Treasurer, J. J. Alter ; Justice of the
Peace, J. Gove; Highway Commissioner, L. L. Al-
lard ; Superintendent of Schools, W. J. Connor ;
School Inspector, R. Pulcher ; Drain Commissioner,
R. Trombley ; Constables, Charles S. Rivard, L. L.
Allard, Jr., W. Chapoton, M. Ardie.

i88r. Supervisor, David Trombley ; Clerk, John
F. Kerby; Treasurer, S. Young; Justice of the
Peace, R. Lamb ; Highway Commissioner, W. Shen-
hite ; School Inspector, L Vernier ; Superintendent
of Schools, R. Pulcher; Constables, L L. Allard,
Jr., C. S. Rivard, W. Chapoton, G. Safferline.

1882. Supervisor, David Trombley ; Clerk, John
F. Kerby ; Treasurer, S. Young ; Justice of the
Peace, I. S. Smith; Highway Commissioner, W.
Schonheit ; Drain Commissioner, R. Trombley ;
School Inspector, R. Pulcher; Constables. L. L.
Allard, Jr., C. S. Rivard. J. Ackermann, Jr., G Saf-
ferline

1883. Supervisor, David Trombley; Clerk,
. Francis H. Connor; Treasurer, J. Pishea; Justice

of the Peace, M. Greiner ; Highway Commissioner,
W. Schonheit ; School Inspector, L. Vernier ; Con-
stables, L L. Allard Jr., C S. Rivard, H. Duby, M.
Ardie.

I S%^ Supervisor, David Trombley ; Clerk,
Francis H. Connor; Treasurer, J. Pishea; Justice
of the Peace, J. Gore ; Highway Commissioner, W.
Schonheit ; Drain Commissioner, L. Vernier; School
Inspector, R. Pulcher; Constables, C. S. Rivard, J.
Neff, H. Duby. P. Greiner.

1885. Supervisor, David Trombley; Clerk, Daniel
Walters ; Treasurer, J. Vernier ; Justices of the
Peace, R. Lamb, R. Trombley, P Gouin ; Highway
Commissioner, J. G. Martin; School Inspector, L.
Vernier ; Constables, M. Ardie, H. Duby, J. Ver-
nier, E. Trombley.

1886. Supervisor, David Trombley ; Clerk, Daniel
Walters ; Treasurer, J. Vernier ; Justice of the Peace,
V. L. Vernier ; Highway Commissioner, J. P. Buck-
ley ; Drain Commissioner, W. Micheau ; School
Inspector, R. Pelcher ; Constables, J. Vernier, E.
Neff, H. Duby, J. Grant, Jr.

1887. Supervisor, David Trombley; Clerk, Dan-
iel Walters ; Treasurer, G. Seifferline ; Justice of
the Peace, A. Juif ; Highway Commissioner, J. P.
Buckley ; School Inspector, F. Fisher ; Constables
E. Trombley, V, Watson, W. Diegel, A. Vernier.

1 888. Supervisor, David Trombley; Clerk. George
H. Kelley ; Treasurer, G. Seifferline ; Justices of the
Peace, R. Trombley, S. Young; Drain Commis-
sioner, W. Micheau ; Highway Commissioner, J. P.
Buckley ; School Inspector, P. Pulcher ; Constables,
E. Young, V. Watson, E. Trombley, C. R. John.

1889. Supervisor, David Trombley; Clerk,
George H. Kelley ; Treasurer, A. E. Young ; Jus-

I300

GROSSE POINTE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

tice of the Peace, R. Lamb; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Neff; School Inspector, F. Fisher; Con-
stables, J. Kelley. J. W. Vokes, E. Trombley, C. R.
John.

1890. Supervisor, David Trombley; Clerk. G.
M. Kelly ; Treasurer, A. C. Young ; Justice of the
Peace. V. L. Vernier; Highway Commissioner, W.

C. Diegel ; Drain Commissioner, Wm. Mitchan ;
School Inspector, D. J. Walters ; Board of Review,

D. J Fisher, C. Chauvin ; Constables, E. E. Young,
C. Dubay, L. Goslin, C. R. John.

The township was the scene of a most terrrific
slaughter during the war between the French and
Indians in May, 17 12. Driven from their attack on
Detroit they made their way here, and at this place
the French and their Indian allies slew nearly a
thousand, and relics of the slaughter are occasion-
ally exhumed.

The township was divided into two voting dis-
tricts at a special meeting of the Town Board at
the house of Dr. I. S. Smith on September 13, 1880.
All living west and northwest of 100 rods of the
Mack Road vote in district No. i, and all living
east and northeast of 100 rods west and northwest
of the Mack Road in district No. 2.
t' The town hall, built in 1876, cost with the site
about $2,000. It is located on private claim 128
on the Connor's Creek road. The annual report
for the school year ending September 3, 1 888 shows
a total enrollment of 1,023 pupils with an average at-
tendance of 528. There were five brick school
houses, which cost $8,800, and three frame school
houses, which cost $1,504, the total seating capacity
being 506. The extensive grounds and buildings
belonging to the Academy of the Sacred Heart are
described in another portion of this work.

St Paul's Roman Catholic Church.

The St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church dates
back to the earliest French settlement. It was ori-
ginally located about four miles north of the pres-
ent building, but the gradual encroachments of the
lake washed away the banks and undermined the
church, which was then moved to its present site on
the lake front, nine and a half miles north of De-
troit. The present building was erected in 1848.
For many years the Parish was a mission of the old
St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, the first permanent
pastor being Father F. DeBroux, who came in 1856
and remained until 1881 ; he was followed by
Father F. J. Van Antwerp and on May 4, 1885,
he was succeeded by Father Matthew Meathe.
Until the advent of Father Van Antwerp the entire
services were held in the French language, but on
his coming he began to put more and more Eng-
lish into his work, until now the French is entirely
abolished except by special request. The church

property consists of about five acres. On the lot
next to the church a parsonage valued at $3,000
was built in 1883. The church seats 600 and is
valued at $6,000. The parish includes 150 fami-
lies and supports a parochial school with an
average of 80 scholars, conducted by the ladies of
the Sacred Heart in their Academy just north of
the church.

Church of the Assumption.

The Roman Catholic parish of the Assumption
dates from the year 1844. In that year about five
acres on section 12 was obtained and a log church
about 1 5x20 erected, and in the course of a year or
two a frame addition 15x15 w^as built. Up to De-
cember 25. 1850, mission services were held by the
Redemptorist Fathers of Detroit and the very Rev.
Peter Kinderkins. On that day the present pastor,
Rev. Amandus Vandendriessche, celebrated his
first mass, and on June 13, 1852, laid the corner
stone of the present church, a large brick edifice
107x64, with a seating capacity of about 500. The
parish includes about 140 families with an average
congregation of 700. The church property has
been increased to 14 acres, and the church has a
parochial school with seats for 120, It is in charge
of two sisters of the order of St. Dominic, and has
an enrollment of 114, w^ith an average attendance of
100.

A very unique feature in connection with the
church is the Grotto of the Blessed Virgin Mary in
the cemetery of the parish. This is illustrated on
page 543, and fully described on pages 544 and 545
of this work. The idea of erecting it was first con-
ceived by Father Vandendriessche, about 30 years
ago and on May 29, 1881, the corner stone of the
present shrine was laid, and it has by degrees
grown to its present beautiful proportions. Passing
the church one enters a lane or driveway about
1000 feet in length, bordered on either side by tall
evergreen trees forming an arch of solemnity, at the
end of which is the shrine formed of massive cut
stones, the names of the donors being carved upon
each. The shrine is 21 feet in height and 16x24
inside, and is surmounted by a figure of the Virgin.
The canopy contains the entire papal history,
the sides the Litany of the Virgin. In the
foreground is a fountain cross resting on a
foundation of 33 irregularly cut stones, on which is
engraved in as many different languages ; " Glory
to the Triune God, Now and Forever."

St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran Church.
St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran Church,
located on the Gratiot Road, on the border line be-
tween Wayne and Macomb counties, was built in
1843. The pastors have been : 1843 to 1852, Rev.

GROSSE POINTE TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1 301

F. Herman; 1852-1854, Rev. C. W. F. Haass;
1854-1855, Rev. Chas. F. Soldan ; 1855-1862, Rev.
Herman Mueller ; 1 862-1 864, Rev. Phillip Werhein ;
1864-1S69, Rev. Chas. Bofinger ; 1869-1876, Rev.

J. G. Emslin; 1876- 1877, Rev. Krehbiel ;

1 877-1 886, Rev. H. Staebler ; 1886, Rev. H. Konse-
koph.

The Protestant Evangelical Church Association.

The Protestant Evangelical Church Association
of Grosse Pointe was organized on Sept. 7, 1865,
and is designed to provide accommodations and re-
ligious services for the members and attendants of
Protestant Churches, who have summer residences
at Grosse Pointe. A lot was given by Rufus M.
Kerby, and the association erected a building in
1866, and about ten years later enlarged and im-
proved it. There is no regular pastor, but services
have been maintained with considerable regularity
by members of various denominations.

The population of the township has been as fol-
lows: In 1850, 1,392; i860, 2,081; 1870, 2,230;
1880, 2,458. The valuation of the property in the
township in the same decades was : In 1850, $68,-
874; 1860,^338,560; 1870, $375 194; 1880, $1,339,-
500. The great increase between 1870 and 1880
is owing to the erection between these years of a
large number of costly summer residences on the
border of Lake St. Clair, and these residences con-
stitute the distinctive feature of the township, and
form its largest attraction.

The pleasing custom which obtains in Europe, of
giving a distinctive name to the family residence,
is observed by the summer colonists at Grosse
Pointe, and has given rise to some very euphonious
designations, and the improvements and attractions
in the way of residences, conservatories grottoes,
boat houses, lawns, yachts and society that have
been collected and created here, combined with the
beauties of the lake make this region in some res-
pects a rival of Newport, Nahant or Niagara. The
fact that the water grows shallow as it nears the
shore makes the beach peculiarly safe and favor-
able for all purposes of recreation. The driveway
to this region has always been notably pleasant and
attractive, and is still the best and most enjoyable
(3f any in the vicinity of Detroit, the roadway being
kept in exceptionally good condition.

The most prominent stream in the township is
Connor's Creek, formerly known as Tremble's
Creek. It was originally named after J. L. Trem-
ble, to whom new private claim 12 was confirmed,
but was later named after Richard Connor, one of
the earliest settlers in the township, w^ho was also
one of the original Moravian settlers of 1782, on
lands a few miles north. Fox Creek is so named
from the foxes that were often seen in its vicinity.

CONNOR'S CREEK P. O.

This settlement is located on what is known as
the Fort Gratiot Road, and includes several hun-
dred people.

GROSSE POINTE P. O.

There is a post office on the Lake Road known
as Grosse Pointe, but there is no village plat on
record. Village officers have been elected since
1 88 1, and the following persons have served :

1 88 1. President. Charles G. Moran ; Clerk, Wil-
liam E. Moran ; Trustees, C. Fisher, A. Moran, F.
Meyers, F Fisher; Treasurer, P Vanasche; Assessor,
F. J. Watson ; Street Commissoner, J. Vernier ;
Constable, C. Vriden.

1882. President, Charles G. Moran; Clerk,
William E. Moran ; Trustees, N. Bour, F. Billel, F.
Fisher ; Treasurer, P. Vanasche ; Assessor, R.
Marten ; Street Commissioner, J. Vernier ; Con-
stable, C. Vriden.

1883. President, Charles G. Moran; Clerk,
Robert Marter; Trustees, C. Fisher, A. Bryis, A.
Moran; Treasurer, P. Vanasche; Assessor, P.
Vernier; Street Commissioner, J. Vernier; Con-
stable, C. Vriden.

1884. President, James Moran; Clerk, Robert
Marter; Trustees, J. Teagan, F. Moran, F. Meyers ;
Treasurer, P. Vanasche; Assessor, J. Vernier;
Street Commissioner, F. Fisher ; Constable, C.
Vriden.

1885. President, James Moran; Clerk, Theo-
dore F. Domeron ; Trustees, C. Fisher, A. Moran,
C. Beyer ; Treasurer, P. Vanasche ; Assessor, J.
Vernier ; Street Commissioner, F. Fisher ; Con-
stable, M. Frazier.

1886. President Rufus M. Kerby; Clerk, Theo-
dore F. Domeron ; Trustees, J. Teagan J. McLean,
E.Beaupry; Treasurer, P. Vanasche; Assessor, A.
Michie; Street Commissioner, F.Fisher; Constable,
J. Kerby.

1887. President, Rufus M. Kerby; Clerk,
Theodore F. Domeron; Trustees, C. Fisher, C.
Beyer, A. Moran ; Treasurer, P. Vanasche ; Asses-
sor, J. Kerby ; Street Commissioner, F. Moran ;
Constable, E. Tucker.

1888. President, Edmund Moran ; Clerk, Theo-
dore F. Domeron ; Trustees, J. McLean, E. Beau-
pry, J. Teagan ; Treasurer, P. Vanasche ; Assessor,
J. Kerby; Street Commissioner, F. Fisher; Con-
stable, E. Furtan.

1889. President', Edmund Moran ; Clerk, Theo-
dore F. Domeron ; Trustees, C. Fisher, C. Beyer,
A. Moran, W. Schaffenburg ; Treasurer, P. Van-
asche; Assessor, J. Kerby; Marshal, P. Moran;
Street Commissioner, F. Fisher; Constable, A. Allor.

The census of 1 880 gives the population of the
settlement as 189.

I302

GROSSE POINTE TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

AMANDUS VANDENDRIESSCHEwasborn
on March i, 1825, in the large parish of Moor-
slede, West Flanders, Belgium, and is the son of
Peter and Barbara (Muylle» Vandendriessche, and
is the sixth of a large family, consisting of eight
sons and four daughters. His mother was a second
cousin to the late Right Reverend P. P. Lefevere,
who was at his death Bishop of the Diocese of De-
troit. After Amandus had passed through the
* primary and graduated from the high school of his
native place, he entered college in the neighbor-
ing town of Roulers and there studied the classics.

He then began the study of theology in the semi-
nary of St. Thomas, at the home of Bishop Lefe-
vere. The latter, shortly before his consecration
as Bishop, had paid a visit to his native place, and
as he was leaving to return to America, he bade his
young relative a farewell until they should meet in
the next world, but the latter replied that he ex-
pected to be in America within six years, and great
was the Bishop's surprise and pleasure when just
six years later Amandus entered his room one Satur-
day afternoon after a long and tiresome journey
upon a sailing vessel. He received his first orders
in religion from Bishop Lefevere in old St. Anne's
Church. Shortly after and just before Christmas
of 1850, he was ordained by Bishop Lefevere as a
priest, and was one of the first to be ordained in
the new Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul. He
was appointed to the mission at Connor's Creek,
Wayne Couny, Michigan, and was conveyed to the
field of his future labor upon a wood rack, which
also carried his trunk containing all his earthly
possessions.

When he reached the mission he found a little
church partly frame and partly block situated in an
almost complete wilderness. He determined to
build a new church of brick, an undertaking most
laborious on account of the difficulty of obtaining
bricks and other material, the scarcity of architects,
and the lack of other churches to imitate. When
the plans, showing a substantial, and for those days
commodious structure were presented to Bishop
Lefevere, he was surprised and declared that the
congregation could never build such a church.
But nothing daunted, Father Vandendriessche
pushed the church with that energy which has
characterized his whole career, and on the following
Christmas morning celebrated mass in the new
edifice. It was his custom in those days to go on
Sundays at regular intervals to the more remote
parts of his parish, and hold services at the house
of some of his congregation, and the people for
miles around would attend. Frequently he was

called to the bedside of dying parishioners and
would have to travel many miles through very
rough and wild localities. This he did cheerfully,
and he had the satisfaction of seeing his efforts
bear fruit. His parish, though comparatively
small, has trained and given to the priesthood seven
young men, and several young ladies have entered
the different religious orders for women. Of late
years he has given his attention to the erection of
the now well known Grotto. This is situated at a
short distance back of the church and is a large
arched recess built of massive blocks of stone.
Within IS an altar at which divine services may be
held. Directly in front is a fountain surrounded
by large boulders. The grounds which are natur-
ally beautiful have been improved under his careful
supervision. Long avenues shaded and arched by
evergreen trees lead up to the Grotto from differ-
ent directions. A few rods distant from the main
avenue and near the church, stands the little church
in which he held services on his arrival at Connor's
Creek, and which has been converted in a repre-
sentation of the stable of Bethlehem, in which the
Savior was born. On all sides are evidences of
Father Vandendriessche's industry, and when he
has made the different improvements and additions
that he contemplates the Grotto will not only be a
source of edification to many Christian-minded
people, and also a monument of his zeal and de-
votion to the sacred cause of religion.

Besides performing the regular parochial duties,
he has many missions and has been obliged on ac-
count of the diversity of his hearers to give sermons
in English, French and German.

His life has been one of great activity owing to
the constant demands made upon him by his
congregation, which is spread over a large territory.

Of a kind and benevolent disposition, he promptly
extends a helping hand to those in need of assist-
ance. Extremely simple in his habits, he lives in a
frugal and unostentatious manner, and finds his
recreation and pleasure doing deeds of goodness.
Although for forty years he has fulfilled the ex-
tremely trying and arduous duties of his priestly
office, he is still hale and vigorous; and shows but
slightly the advances of time.

His brother Charles, was also a priest, of the
Jesuit order, and at the time of his death in
March, 1885, was pastor of St. Xavier's Church, Cin-
cinnati.

Another brother, Louis, is pastor of the church
at Lansing. Michigan. His sister Julia, was at her
death Superioress of the Convent of St. Clare in the
old city of Ypres, Belgium.

>^^ '^Cie^^^^-^-^-^^-Lu!.^^'^

HAMTRAMCK TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1303

HAMTRAMCK TOWNSHIP.

A township of this name was created in Wayne
County within two years after it was organized.
The bounds are not definitely known, but it in-
cluded what are now several whole counties lying
north of Wayne. On April 12, 1827, the boundary
of the tow^nship was newly defined to include all of
the present limits of both it and Grosse Pointe, and
the first township meeting was to be held at the
house of William Little on the last Monday of May,
1827. The township is named Hamtramck after
John Francis Hamtramck, who was doubtless in
command of this region when the township was first
created. The house he occupied is still standing on
the river bank near the city limits, and is one of the
oldest in this vicinity. The township was con-
tracted on April i, 1848, by the creation of Grosse
Pointe, and still further on March 3, 1849, by the
enlargement of that township. It has also been
reduced in its dimensions by the several Acts en-
larging the City of Detroit. The records from 1827
to 1842 are missing. The officers since 1842 have
been as follows:

1842. Supervisor, Louis Beaufait ; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran ; Treasurer, J. Kerby ; Assessors, W. O.
Rose, J. M. Mack, D. Shook ; Justice of the Peace,
D. R. Rose ; School Inspectors, J Beaubien, A.
Damitio, D. Shook; Highway Commissioners, R.
Vernier, W. B Hunt, L. L. Beaufait ; Poor Direc-
tors, M. Cadieux, R. Connor ; Constables, D.
Fisher, A. Payier, M. Cline, D. Juif.

1843. Supervisor, Anthony Damitio; Clerk,
Louis M. Moran ; Treasurer and Collector, G. La-
forge ; Justice of the Peace, W. B. Hunt ; School
Inspectors, W. O. Rose, J. M Mack ; Highway
Commissioners, S. Hill, R. Vernier, E. Trembley ;
Assessors, L. M. Moran, J. Fisher ; Poor Directors,
L. St. Aubin. M. Cadieux ; Constables, J. Fisher, A.
Payier, M. Cline, J. B. Fournier.

1844. Supervisor, William O. Rose; Clerk,
Louis M. Moran; Treasurer, G. Laforge ; Justice
of the Peace, J. M. Mack ; School Inspector, W. B.
Hunt ; Highway Commissioners, J. Kerby, J. Cam-
pau, L. L. Beaufait ; Assessors, G. Moran, F. Juif ;
Poor Directors, L. St. Aubin, W. Lappin ; Con-
stables, J. Fisher, A. Payier, L Gouin, E. Moran.

1845. Supervisor, George Moran; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran ; Treasurer, G. Laforge ; Justice of the
Peace, N.W. Wortley; School Inspector, W. O.
Rose ; Highway Commissioners, G. Martin, W.
Lappin, S. Hill ; Assessors, L. M Moran, F. Juif ;
Poor Directors, W. Lappin, L. Trembley; Con-
stables, A. Payier, J. Fisher, D Juif, R. Kerby.

1846. Supervisor, George Moran; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran; Treasurer, G. Laforge; Justice of the

Peace, D. R. Rose ; Highway Commissioners, S.
Hill, G. Martin, W. O. Rose; Assessors, R. H.
Connor, J. M. Mack ; School Inspector, J. M. Mack ;
Poor Directors, M. Dalton, L. Trembley ; Con-
stables, J. Fisher, M. Cline, H. Haney, H. Adams.

1847. Supervisor, Jed P. C. Emmons; Clerk,
Louis M. Moran ; Treasurer, J. Kerby ; Justice of
the Peace, S. Poupard ; Highway Commissioner, S.
Hill for three years, W. O. Rose for two years, G.
Martin for one year ; Assessors, L. M. Moran, L.
L. Beaufait ; School Inspector, H. Adams ; Poor
Directors, L. Trembley, P. W. Ashley ; Constables,
J. Fisher, M. Cline, C. Behr, A. Payier.

1848 Supervisor, Anthony Damitio; Clerk,
Louis M. Moran; Treasurer, J. Fisher; Justices of
the Peace, J. M. Mack, W. B. Hunt, S. Hill ; High-
way Commissioners, D McKay, W. Lappin ; School
Inspectors, J. M. Mack, W. B. Hunt ; Poor Direc-
tors, A Campbell, B. Sweeney; Constables, A.
Payier, C. Damitio, P. W. Ashle3^ M. Cochois.

1849. Supervisor, John M. Mack ; Clerk, Louis
M Moran; Treasurer, J. Fisher; Justice of the
Peace, J. E. Delezenne ; Highway Commissioner,
A. Sanger ; Assessors, L. St. Aubin, A. Damitio ;
Poor Directors, A. Campbell, M. Cochois ; School
Inspector, N. W W^ortley ; Constables, A. Payier,
N. Lamb, M. Cochois, J, Gerard.

1850. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran; Treasurer and Collector, C. Lee; Jus-
tice of the Peace, T. Lee ; Assessors, J. Fisher, T.
Campbell ; Highway Commissioner, J. Davison ;
School Inspector, J. M. Mack ; Poor Directors, A.
Sanger, M. Cochois ; Constables, H. Fox, N.
Lamb, J. Gerard, A. Payier.

1 85 1. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran ; Treasurer, T. Lee ; Justice of the Peace,
W. B. Hunt; Highway Commissioner, D. McKay;
School Inspector, J. L. Chipman ; Poor Directors,
Wm. Hudson, A Sanger ; Constables, J. Davison,
N. Lamb, A. Payier, A. Couchois.

1852. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran ; Treasurer, J. Fisher ; Justices of the
Peace J. M. Mack, S Hill; Highway Commission-
er, M. Couchois ; School Inspectors, B. F. H. With-
erell J. M. Mack ; Constables, N. Lamb, A. Melvin,
J. Davison; Poor Directors, W. Hudson, L. St.
Aubin.

1853. Supervisor, John M. Mack ; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran; Treasurer, P W. Ashley; Justice of
the Peace, B. F. H Witherell; School Inspector,
J. M. Mack; Highway Commissioner, J. Davison ;
Poor Directors, W. Hudson, S. Tuexbery; Con-
stables, J. Davison, E. Moran, C. Weyl, H. Fox.

1 854. Supervisor, John M. Mack ; Clerk, Thomas

1304

HAMTRAMCK TOWNSHIP- ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Lee; Treasurer, P. W. Ashley; Justices of the
Peace, P. Desnoyer, J. Davison ; School Inspector,
B. F. H. Witherell ; Poor Directors, A. Sanger, J.
Dubois ; Highway Commissioner, L. Dalton ; Con-
stables, H. Feldman, C. Weyl, C. Wilkison, W.
Young.

1855. Supervisor, John M . Mack ; Clerk, Thomas
Lee ; Treasurer and CoUectof, R. E. Walker ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, S. Barret ; School Inspector, J.
M. Mack; Highway Commissioners T. Bacon, G.
Chane; Poor Directors, W. Pallister, J. Dubois;
Constables, W. Young, C. Weyl, H. Feldman, J.
Hogg.

1856. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, Henry
Zender; Treasurer and Collector, R. E. Walker;
Justice of the Peace, J. M. Mack ; Highway Com-
missioner, S. Barret; School Inspector, B F. H.
Witherell ; Poor Directors, J. Dubois, M. Fisher ;
Constables, C. Weyl, G. Young, H. Feldman, J.
Hogg.

1857. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, An-
thony Damitio ; Treasurer and Collector, R. E.
Walker; Justice of the Peace, T. Bacon; School
Inspectors, J. M. Mack, J. Davison ; Highway Com-
missioner, M. Crimmins ; Poor Directors, M.
Fisher, A. Sanger ; Constables, J. Davison, R. E.
Walker, H. W. Deare, L. Dalton.

1858. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, An-
thony Damitio : Treasurer and Collector, R. E.
Walker; Justice of the Peace, P. Desnoyer; High-,
way Commissioners, T. Bacon, T. Hepson; School
Inspector, J. Davison ; Poor Directors, S. Barret,
R. E. Walker; Constables, J. Davison, R. E.
Walker, T. Stackpole.

1859. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, L. M.
Moran ; Treasurer and Collector, C. Damitio ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, M. Hudson ; School Inspector,
H. W. Deare ; Highway Commissionef, J. Davison;
Poor Directors, A. Fisher, H. W. Deare; Constab-
les, W. Hudson, J. Moore, J. Whiting, J. Brinkman.

i860. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, Louis
M. Moran ; Treasurer and Collector, C. Damitio ;
Justice of the Peace, J. M. Mack; School In-
spector, J. Davison ; Highway Commissioner, H.
W. Deare; Poor Directors, T. Bacon, J. Davison;
Constables, J. Finn, J. Hardy. G. W. Mack, S.
Wilson.

1 86 1. Supervisor, John M. Mack; Clerk, An-
thony Sellman ; Treasurer and Collector,' C. Dami-
tio ; Justices of the Peace, W. Thompson, L. Dal-
ton ; School Inspector, T. Lee ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Hardy ; Poor Directors, C. Damitio, J.
Davison ; Constables, F. Noeker, C. Blonk, J. Finn,
J. Hardy.

186?. Supervisor, Henry W. Deare ; Clerk, John
M. Mack ; Treasurer, T. Bacon ; Justice of the
Peace, P. Desnoyer; Highway Commissioner, A.

Salmon; School Inspector, H. W. Deare; Poor
Directors, C. Damitio, J Hardy; Constables, D.
Hiely, J. Finn. F. Noeker, J. Hogg

1863. Supervisor, Henry W. Deare ; Clerk, John
M. Mack ; Treasurer, T. Bacon ; Justice of the
Peace, W. Thompson ; Highway Commissioner,
H. W. Deare ; School Inspector, T. Bacon ; Poor
Directors, C. Damitio, W. Thompson ; Constables,
J. Finn, A. Bean, D. Hiely, S. Wilson

1864. Supervisor, Henry W. Deare; Clerk,
John M. Mack ; Treasurer and Collector, C. Dami-
tio ; Justice of the Peace, J. M. Mack ; Highway
Commissioner, D. Hiely ; Poor Directors, F,
Schroeder, W. Englehart ; School Inspector, H.
W. Deare ; Constables, F. Schroeder, S. Wilson, J.
Handy, J. Finn.

1865. Supervisor, Henry W. Deare ; Clerk, John
M. Mack ; Treasurer and Collector, C. Damitio ;
Justices of the Peace, L. Dalton, J. Davison ; School
Inspector, T. Bacon ; Highway Commissioners, J.
Davison, N. Trombley ; Poor Directors, C Damitio,
L. Dalton ; Constables, M. Bacon, D. Sullivan, S.
L. Dekay, F. Schroeder.

1866. Supervisor, Henry W. Deare ; Clerk, John
M. Mack; Treasurer and Collector, L. Dalton;
Justices of the Peace, P. Desnoyer, W. Finn ; School
Inspector, C. Damitio ; Highway Commissioners, T.
Lee, S. L. Dekay ; Poor Directors, A. Baumgart-
ner, C. Damitio ; Constables, J. Campbell, M. May,
S. L. Dekay, J. Langdon.

1867. Supervisor, Henry W. Deare; Clerk, John
M. Mack ; Treasurer and Collector, L. Dalton ;
Justice of the Peace, W. Finn ; School Inspector,
P. Lynch ; Highway Commissioners, J. Campbell,
J. P. Behr; Poor Directors, L. Dalton, C. Damitio;
Constables, J. Campbell, S. Wilson, P. Mertz, Jr.,
N. May.

1868. Supervisor, Henry W. Deare; Clerk, John
M. Mack ; Treasurer and Collector, J. Hardy ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J. M. Mack ; School Inspector,
C. Damitio ; Highway Commissioner, T. Stack-
pole ; Poor Directors, C. Damitio, J. Hardy ; Con-
stables, J. Campbell, H. L. Poupard, S. Wilson, W.
Beahmer.

1869. Supervisor, Lawrence Dalton; Clerk,
John M. Mack; Treasurer and Collector, J. Hardy;
Justice of the Peace, P. Lynch ; School Inspector,
W. Davison ; Poor Directors, J. Hardy, P. Mertz ;
Constables, J. Damitio, J. Lockwood, J. T. Mott,
Jr., J. Campbell.

1870. Supervisor, Lawrence Dalton; Clerk,
John M. Mack; Treasurer and Collector, J. P.
Behr; Justice of the Peace, P. Scullin ; Highway
Commissioner, E. Hayes; School Inspector, J.
Hardy; Poor Directors, J. Holihan, W. C. Ma-
honey; Constables, P. Desnoyer, F. Smith, J
Campbell, P. Mertz.

HAMTRAMCK TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1305

1 87 1. Supervisor, John V. Ruehle ; Clerk, John
M. Mack; Treasurer and Collector, J. P. Behr;
Justice of the Peace, W. Finn ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Campbell; School Inspector, W. Davi-
son ; Drain Commissioner, W. Finn ; Poor Direct-
ors, W. Mahoney, T. Stackpole ; Constables, B.
Odell, T. Stackpole, F. Smith, J. Kief.

1872. Supervisor, James Holihan; Clerk, Charles
Foley ^nd James A. Visger, each part of a year;
Treasurer and Collector, P. Lynch ; Justice of the
Peace, J. M. Mack ; Highway Commissioner, J. H.
Heslinger ; Poor Directors, J. Holihan, W. Davis ;
School Inspector, M. W. Field ; Constables, T. E.
Greer, B. Odell, B. Hardy, T. Smith.

1873. Supervisor, James Holihan ; Clerk, James
A Visger; Treasurer, W. C. Mahoney; Justice of
the Peace, J. Campbell ; Highway Commissioner,
M. Kiicline; School Inspector, P. McFarlane; Drain
Commissioner, J. Campbell ; Poor Directors, C.
Damitio, J. Reed ; Constables, A. Campbell, B.
Odell, F. Smith, E. W. Pulsifer.

1874. Supervisor, James Holihan ; Clerk, Chris-
topher Damitio ; Treasurer, W. C. Mahoney ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, P. Scullin ; Highway Commis-
sioner, H. Holly; School Inspector, R. E. Walker ;
Constables, A. Campbell, F. Smith, B. Odell, R.
Coon ; Drain Commissioner. J. Ryan.

1875. Supervisor, John Keveney ; Clerk, Chris-
topher Damitio ; Treasurer, B. Youngblood ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J. A. Visger ; Highway Commis-
sioner, W. Krause; Superintendent of Schools, H.
Russell; School Inspector, R E. Walker; Drain
Commissioner, L. O'Connor; Constables, A. Camp-
bell, J. Garrity, D. L. Bishop, F. Smith.

1876. Supervisor, James A. Visger; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer and Collector, J.
Damitio; Justices of the Peace, J. Keveney, J. M.
French ; Superintendent of Schools, H. Russell ;
School Inspector, J. Holihan ; Drain Commissioner,
J. Ryan ; Highway Commissioner, M. Kiicline ;
Constables, D. L. Bishop, J. Garrity, Jr., W. Robin-
son, J. Ryan.

1877. Supervisor, James A. Visger; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio; Treasurer and Collector, J.
Damitio; Justice of the Peace, J. T. Mott; Super-
intendent of Schools, J. Keveney ; School Inspector,
J. Holihan; Highway Commissioner, P. Rivard;
Constables, W. Greer, D. L. Bishop, C. Ryan, J.
Garrity.

1878. Supervisor, James A. Visger; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio; Treasurer, A. Kalthoff;
Justice of the Peace, J. Scullin; School Inspector,
J- Holihan; Superintendent of Schools, J. Keveney ;
Highway Commissioner, F. Rivard; Drain Com-
missioner, J. P. Behr; Constables, E. Moloney, H.
Warrington. J. Garrity, Jr., F. Smith.

1879. Supervisor, James A. Visger; Clerk,

Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer, A. Kulthoff ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, W. Schweickert ; School Inspec-
tor, P. Scullin ; Superintendent of Schools, L. D
Teall; Highway Commissioner, P. Lynch; Con-
stables, H. Warrington, J Garrity, E. Moloney, E,
Sullivan.

1880. Supervisor, James A. Visger; Clerk^
Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer and Collector, J

C. Fisher; Justice of the Peace, R. Echlin ; High-
way Commissioner, P. Lynch ; Drain Commissioner,
J. P. Behr ; Superintendent of Schools, W. J. En-
right ; School Inspector, P. Scullin ; Constables, J
Garrity, Jr., H. Warrington, E. Moloney, A. Hens
ing.

1 88 1. Supervisor, James A. Visger; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer, J. C. Fisher ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, F. Rivard ; Highway Commis-
sioner, F. Smith ; Superintendent of Schools, R. H.
Visger ; School Inspector, P. Scullin ; Constables,
H Warrington, E. Vercele, N. Newman, A. Hens-
ing

1882. Supervisor, James A. Visger; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer, C. V. Burnett ;
Justices of the Peace, P. Scullin, J. T. Mott. Jr. ;
Highway Commissioner, F. Smith ; School Inspect-
ors, J. Duncan, H. C. Engel ; Drain Commissioner,
J. Sullivan ; Constables, E. Moloney, E. Klusman,
Jr , H. Warrington, A Hensing.

1883. Supervisor, William C. Mahoney; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer and Collector, C.
V. Burnett ; Justice of the Peace, W. Schweickart ;
Highway Commissioner, H. Hitchens ; School In-
spector, B. B. Allen; Constables, H. Warrington,
J Smith, T. Priemer, J. Toomey.

1884. Supervisor, William C. Mahoney; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer and Collector, E.
Hayes ; Justice of the Peace, R. Echlin ; Highway
Commissioner, H. Hitchens ; School Inspector, W.
J. Enright ; Drain Commissioner, J. Sullivan ; Con-
stables, H. Warrington, F. Sullivan, J. P. Schneider,
E. Moloney.

1885. Supervisor, William C. Mahoney; Clerk,
Christopher Damitio ; Treasurer, A. Baumgartner ;
Justice of the Peace, R. Giff , Jr.; School Inspector,
J. P. Visger; Highway Commissioner, H. Hitchens;
Constables, E. Moloney. H. Warrington, N. Kittle,
J. Priemer.

1886. Supervisor, Henry Hitchens; Clerk, Col-
umbus V. Burnett; Treasurer, A. Baumgartner;
Justice of the Peace. R. Lamb ; School Inspector,
J. A. Visger; Highway Commissioner, D. How-
croft; Drain Commissioner, G. Miller ; Constables,
N. Gitzen, G. Cooper, H. J. Maas, T. Priemer.

1887. Supervisor, Roger Echlin ; Clerk, Colum-
bus V. Burnett ; Treasurer, A. Piscopink ; Justice of
the Peace, G. Voorhees ; Highway Commissioner,

D. Howcroft; School Inspector, L. Dalton; Con-

i3o6

HAMTRAMCK TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

stables, H. Warrington, E. Moloney, H. J. Maas, N.
Gitzen.

1888. Supervisor, Roger Echlin ; Clerk, Colum-
bus V. Burnett ; Treasurer, A. Piscopink ; Justice
of the Peace, L. Dalton ; School Inspector, J. A.
Visger; Highway Commissioner, D Howcroft;
Drain Commissioner, R. Murphy; Constables, E.
Moloney H. Warrington, H.J. Maas, N. Gitzen.

1889. Supervisor, Roger Echlin ; Clerk, Colum-
bus V. Burnett ; Treasurer and Collector, J. Lynch ;
Justices of the Peace, H. J. Maas, E. Filmore;
School Inspector, L. Dalton; Highway Commis-
sioner W. Boehmer ; Constables, H. Warrington,
R. Kalthoff, E. Moloney, T. Furgison.

1890. Supervisor, Roger Echlin ; Clerk, C. Bur-
nett ; Treasurer, John Lynch ; School Inspector, J.
A. Visger ; Justice of the Peace, E. W. Fillmore ;
Highway Commissioner, Wm. Bochner ; Drain
Commissioner, R. Murphy; Board of Review, H.
Cooper, A. Baumgartner ; Constables, R. Kallhoff,
E. Moloney. H. Warrington, Wm. Lynch.

The school report for the year ending September
3, 1888, showed that the township had two brick
school-houses costing $5,500, and seven frame
houses costing $10,600. They have a total seating
capacity of 770, with an enrollment of 1,121, and
an average attendance of 499. Five male and sev-
en female teachers w^ere employed. The popula-
tion of the township in 1850 was 1,628; in i860,
1,638 ; in 1870, 3,002 ; in 1880, 4,440. The valua-
tion of the property was as follows: In 1840,
$339,965; 1850, $112,886; i860, $602,736; 1870,
$877,866; 1880, $2,930,621.

The settling basins, engine houses, stand pipe
and park connected with the water works of the
City of Detroit, are located in the township, and
form its most important and attractive features.

The Memorial M. E. Church.
The Memorial M. E Church, located on the Pon-
tiac Road about six miles from Detroit, was erected
as a Union Church at a cost of $4,952, and dedi-
cated on August I, 1869. About 1875 it became a
Protestant Episcopal Church, but within ten years
they ceased to use it, and in November, 1883, it
was purchased for $1,450 and given tD a society
known as the MemorialM. E. Church. It was
under the charge of Rev. D. B. Tracy from
November, 1883 until 1887, when he was succeeded
by Rev. L. L. Houghton, and he, in the fall of 1888,
by W. H. Benton.

LEESVILLE.

A village known by the above name, but not
recorded, is located along the line of the Fort Gra-
tiot Road, about a mile beyond the boundary of
Detroit. It is named after Charles Lee, one of the

earliest settlers in this vicinity. Its principal indus-
try is the manufacture of bricks, and in this line a
very large business is transacted.

Methodist Episcopal Church.

This church, was organized about 1850. and
in that year a brick church was built on a lot do-
nated by Robert Lee. This building was torn
down in 1882 and a new building erected. *It will
seat about 100, and cost $1,400. Up to 1-856 ser-
vices were conducted by pastors from Detroit and
other places. The regular pastors have been as
follows: 1857, Rev. Wm. C. Way; 1 858-1 859,
Rev. Thomas Wakelin; i860. Rev. Jason W. Kel-
logg; 1 86 1 -1 862, Rev. Thomas Stalker; 1863-
1864, Rev. Thomas G. Potter; 1865- 1866, Rev.
Squire E. Warren; 1867, Rev. J. W. Crippen;
1868-1869, Rev. Thomas Makelin ; 1870, Rev. A.
Allen ; 1871-1872, Rev. J. M. Truscott; 1873 Rev.
G. W. Owen;. 1874- 1876, Rev. H. N Brown, 1877,
Rev. J. H. Kilpatrick ; 1878-1879, Rev. J. M. Trus-
cott; 1 880- 1 882, Rev. Isaac Johnson; 1883, Rev.
S. E. Warren; 1884, Rev. John Goodson ; 1885-
1887, Rev. L. L. Houghton ; 1888- 1889, Rev. L. C.
Lanning.

The Church of Our Saviour,
TheChurch of Our Saviour at Leesville is the out-
growth of the Gratiot Street Mission of St. John's
Episcopal Church in Detroit. The first services
were held in 1870 in a school-house. In 1871 a
Sunday School was established, and in 1874 the
society was recognized as a parish. The church
building was dedicated about June i, 1875 ^^
cost $4,500, and seats 240. The services have been
chiefly conducted by the assistant rectors of St.
John's Church of Detroit.

NORRIS.

This locality was formerly known as Dalton's
Corners, after Lawrence Dalton, who bought land
there in 1834. The site of Norris was subsequent-
ly purchased by Col. P. W. Norris, and a village
bearing his name was platted in 1873. It is on the
line of the D. & B. C, and Grand Trunk Railroads,
has several hundred inhabitants, and is the nucleus
of what will be a thriving suburb of Detroit. For
additional particulars see page 4, and for a history
of the Orphan Asylum here located, see page 662.

The Bethlehem German Evangelical Lutheran
Church,
The Bethlehem German Evangelical Lutheran
Church of this place was established in 1874. The
pastor is Rev. Conrad Schwankovsky. Connected
with the church there is a school with one teacher
and forty-eight scholars.

C >C/^"1X c:^<j7"^-^-?/U^

SiWS

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J-^

HAMTRAMCK TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1307

• The Presbyterian Church.

The Presbyterian Church was established as the
Norris Union Mission. The building was dedicated
June 22, 1887. The lots, valued at $150, were
donated, and tjie building cost $1,300 and will seat

1 50. The property was held by five trustees, rep-
resenting various churches. In March, 1889, it
was turned over to the Presbyterian Church, and is
now conducted by them with Rev. Wm. Sidebot-
ham as pastor.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

CHRISTOPHER DAMITIO. one of the oldest
residents in the eastern section of Detroit, was born
in Alsace, France, in 1826, and is the son of Anthony
and Catherine (Van Buren) Damitio. When but
five years of age his parents emigrated to this
country, landing in 1831. Leaving his family in
New York, the elder Mr. Damitio pushed on into
the interior, and after considerable travel finally
located in Detroit, purchasing a homestead on the
Gratiot road, and in 1832 it was occupied by the
family.

From his eighth to his fourteenth year Christopher
attended district school number one of Hamtramck.
He then began to learn the wagon-making trade
with his father, and at the latter's death in 1858,
succeeded him in business. In 1848 he was mar-
ried to Mary Voght, a native of Prussia. They
have had ten children, five of w^hom are living,
namely, Anthony, Catherine, Theresa, Thomas and
Antoinette. Of those who died, John and Paul left
families; the others died at an early age. During
the years 1858, 1859 and i860, he held the position
of Town Treasurer, and in 1864 was elected Clerk
of the town, in which capacity he acted until 1875.
In 1872 he retired from business and went to live
upon the old homestead in Hamtramck. In 1887
he was elected a member of the Board of Estimates.
He was the third person elected to the office of
Supervisor in his town, which position he held for
many years, and he was also for a number of years
a Justice of the Peace, performing the duties of that
office in manner both honorable to himself and
satisfactory to the people. He is now^ enjoying the
fruits and satisfaction of an honest and honorable
life, and by close attention to business and industri-
ous habits he has acquired a comfortable income.
His sincerity of purpose and integrity of heart has
secured to him the respect of his fellow citizens, and
his kindly manner and approachable nature have
won for him a large circle of friends.

JOHN E. EDWARDS, Chief Engineer of the
Detroit Water Works, was born in Carnarvon,
North Wales, January i, 1821, and is the son of
John and Mary Edwards. His father died when
he was thirteen years old, the family consisting of

four sons and two daughters. At this critical mo-
ment an English gentleman named Samuel Hol-
land, and a friend of his father who had taken a
fancy to John E., sent for him, and asked him if he
would like to learn to build engines and machinery.
He quickly responded that he would, and shortly
after his friend started him on his way to Liverpool
to learn the trade of a machinist, and before leaving
his friend gave him twenty pounds, but told him
not to spend it except in case of real necessity. He
also cautioned him to avoid bad companions, and
to find his recreation in innocent amusements. " Be
upright and honest," was his kind friend's parting
injunction. He treasured up these injunctions, and
by striving to his utmost to observe them, managed
to successfully avoid the many temptations which a
large city offers to a young and inexperienced boy
from the country. Through the efforts of Mr. Hol-
land's brother, he was placed in a large machine
shop, and from there, in 1836, he went to Bombay,
India, to assist in putting up some engines for the
East India Company. On his return to Liverpool,
he determined to go to America, and in 1839, by
means of the twenty pounds which had been given
him, he emigrated to New York, where he finished
learning his trade in the Phenix Foundry and Ma-
chine Shop of that city. In the fall of 1843 he
began sailing on the lakes, serving as engineer on
various steamers. Under Gen. Charles M. Read
he was Chief Engineer of the steamer " Queen
City." In the latter part of the year 1852 he sailed
as engineer of the " Yankee Blade " around the
Horn on a voyage to San Francisco.

In 1854, when three hundred miles south of San
Francisco, the steamer was wrecked on a rock, and
Mr. Edwards was given much praise by the press
for the courage and bravery he displayed amidst
the terrible scenes incident to the wreck. In De-
cember, 1854, he went to Racine, Wisconsin, where
he married Eliza Evans, a native of North Wales.
They have a family of four children, William, Mary,
Jennie, and John. Shortly after his marriage Mr.
Edwards came to Detroit, and engaged with the
Michigan Central Railroad Company as engineer
of the steamer " Plymouth Rock," and after the
boats of that line were laid up in the fall of 1859,

i3o8

HURON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

he served as engineer on the mail line from Mobile
to New Orleans. At the breaking out of the Civil
War he returned to Detroit and on January i,
1 86 1, was appointed by the Water Commissioners
Chief Engineer of the Detroit Water Works, and
has ever since been connected with that institu-
tion.

Mr. Edwards' success as a mechanical engineer
has been marked, and perhaps the highest tribute
that can be paid to his ability in this direction is
the fact that he designed the monster pumping en-
gines in use at the Water Works. These engines,
masterpieces of mechanical work, excite the admira-
tion of the thousands who visit the works.

In nature and disposition Mr. Edwards greyly
resembles the rugged, uncompromising character of
the land of his birth. Of sturdy integrity and strong
determination, he has always followed the path
marked out by the hand of duty. He is simple in
his habits and tastes, and a wnde circle of friends
testifies to the geniality of his nature, while the re-
sponsible position he holds shows the esteem in
which he is held by the people of Detroit. As a self-
educated man, Mr. Edwards is a good illustra-
tion of what energy and perseverance, uprightness
and application will do for a man in a land of op-
portunities.

HURON TOWNSHIP.

This township was created by Act of April 1 2,
1827, and then included the four towns now known
as Romulus, Van Buren, Sumpter and Huron The
first township meeting was held at the house of
Matthew Wood, on Monday, May 27, 1827. On
March 17, 1835, the township was reduced in size
by the creation of the town of Romulus, and by a law
taking effect April 6 of the same year, it was still
further reduced by the creation of the township of
Van Buren. The organization of the town of
Romulus made it necessary to provide a new place
for the annual meeting of the township of Huron,
and a law of March 23, 1835, provided that the
meeting should be held at the house of Artemus
Hosmer. The township now includes all of Town
4, South of Range 9 East, the Huron river, which
gives the township its name, dividing it into nearly
two equal triangles, as it runs from the northwest to
the southeast corner. The township officers elected
in various years have been, as follows :

1827. Supervisor, Prosper Lawrence; Clerk,
John F. Smith ; Assessors, Warriner Corkins,
Chancey Morgan, George Jewitt ; Justice of the
Peace, Prosper Lawrence ; H ighway Commission-
ers, Mason Clark, George Jewitt, Amos Howe; Con-
stable, John F. Adkins ; Overseers of the Poor,
Samuel Wing, Nathan Willcox ; Collector, John F.
Adkins.

1828. Supervisor, Prosper Lawrence; Clerk,
Martin Clark ; Assessors A. McMath, John Hay-
don, Chancey Morgan ; Highway Commissioners,
George Jewitt, Amos How, John Hayden ; Collector,
Samuel Wing ; Constables, Simeon A. Dann, Samuel
Wing.

1829. Supervisor, Amos How ; Clerk, Martin
Clark; Highway Commissioners, A McMath,
Joseph Pulsifer, John Crowfoot ; Assessors, John

Hayden, Jonathan Fay, Matthew Woods ; Collector,
Samuel Wing; Constables, Samuel Wing, Jonathan
Wiley; Poor Masters, Matthew Woods, Nathan
Willcox.

1830. Supervisor, Archy McMath; Clerk, John
F. Smith ; Assessors, S. W. Morey, Henry Dutcher,
John Crowfoot ; Highway Commissioners, George
Jewitt, W. H. Cannon, Matthew Woods ; Collector,
S. W. Morey ; Constable, S. W. Morey ; Poor Direc-
tors, W. Corkins, Edmund Coan, N. Willcox, 1.
Fay, A. McMath ; School Commissioners, A. Mc-
Math, G. Jewitt, J. Haydon M. Woods, J. Fay ;
School Inspectors, S. W. Morey, J. F. Smith, J. Crow-
foot, W, H. Cannon, A. McMath.

1 83 1 . Supervisor, John Crowfoot ; Clerk, John F.
Smith ; Assessors, Wm. H. Cannon, Adolphus
Dalrymple, Lucas Corbins; Highway Commis-
sioners, Moses Darrell, J. H. Sanford, W. H. Can-
non ; Collector, James Johnson ; Constables, James
Johnson, John Wells ; School Commissioner, Abner
Johnson ; School Inspectors, Moses Durrell, John
F. Smith, Nathaniel Case, John H. Sanford.

1832. Supervisor, Eli Bradshaws Clerk, Wm.
H. Cannon ; Assessors. A. Dalrymple, Ziba L.
Easton, Erastus Priest; Highway Commissioners,
Joseph Pulsifer, Simeon Dunn. John Pattee ; Com-
missioners of Schools. Simeon A. Dunn, J.H. San-
ford ; Collector, Stephen Randolph ; Constables,
Harlow St. Johns, Stephen Randolph, Erastus
Priest ; Poor Directors, George Jewitt ; Treasurer,
George Jewitt; School Inspectors, Eli Bradshaw,
Charles Jasper, David Dalrymple, Elias Sanford.

1833. Supervisor, Eli Bradshaw ; Clerk, William
H. Cannon; Assessors, John Crowfoot, Daniel Doug-
lass, Ziba L. Easton ; Highway Commissioners,
David Dalrymple, Abraham Soop Ziba L. Easton ;
Collector, Adolphus Dalrymple ; Constables, Add-

HURON TOWNSHIP- ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1309

phus Dairy mple, Erastus Priest, Wm H. Cannon ;
School Commissioners, John Crowfoot, Henry Train,
Henry Dutcher ; School Inspectors, Eli Bradshaw,
John H. Brass, John F. Smith ; Treasurer, George
Jewitt ; Poor Director, George Jewitt.

1834. Supervisor, Eli Bradshaw; Clerk, John
Simpson, Jr.; Assessors, Scott Vining, Jinks Pullen,
John Crowfoot ; Highway Commissioners, Joseph T.
Pullen, Nathaniel Case, George Jewitt ; Collector,
Adolphus Dalrymple ; Constables, Adolphus
Dalrymple, Nicholas Mallett ; School Commission-
ers, John Simpson, Scott Vining, Benjamin Brown,
Jr. ; Poor Directors, John Simpson, John Pattee ;
School Inspectors, H. M. T. Smith, Nathaniel Case,
B. Hoyt.

1835. Supervisor, John Crowfoot ; Clerk, Erastus
Priest ; Assessors, M. M. Aldrich, Henry Anderson,
M. Wilcox ; Highway Commissioners, Henry
Dutcher, Daniel Easton, David Brooks ; Collector,
Andrew Nowland ; School Commissioners, Arte-
mus Hosmer, N. Crowfoot ; Overseers of the Poor,
Wm. Nowland, John Pattee ; School Inspectors,
M. M Aldrich, A. Hosmer, John Crowfoot ; Treas-
urer, Wm. Nowland ; Constable, Andrew Nowland.

1836. Supervisor, Thomas H. Downs; Clerk,
Erastus Priest ; Assessors, E. D. Smith, R. Mer-
rell, Jr., R. Parrish ; Highway Commissioners, O.
Brown, Wm. Nowland, H. St. Johns: Justices of
the Peace, M. M Aldrich, one year, Thomas H.
Downs, two years, Erastus Priest, three years,
Martin H Ford, four years ; Collector, Andrew
Nowland ; School Commissioners, Thomas H.
Downs, Wm Nowland, H. St. Johns; School In-
spectors, M. M. Aldrich, R. Merrell, Jr., M. H.
Ford, Erastus Priest, R. Parrish ; Poor Directors,
Wm. B. Hurlburt, B. Kipp ; Treasurer, Wm. B.
Hurlburt ; Constables, Andrew Nowland, R. Mer-
rell, Jr., C. T. Beadle.

1837. Supervisor, Artemus Hosmer; Clerk,
Martin H. Ford; Assessors, John Eldred, E. N.
Mallett, H. St. Johns; Highway Commissioners,
D. Hupp, E. Ryan, M. Wilcox; Justice of the
Peace, William T. Sherman ; Collector, A. Brad-
shaw ; Constables, A. Bradshaw, C. Marvin ;
School Inspectors, M. H. Ford, John Eldred, John
Crowfoot, A. Hosmer ; Poor Directors, Wm. B.
Hurlburt, David Eaton.

1838. Supervisor, Augustus Bradshaw; Clerk,
Erastus Priest ; Assessors, M. M Aldrich, Thomas
R Nowland, H. Plum ; Highway Commissioners,
J. Baron, Wm. T. Sherman, W. Dean ; Justices of
the Peace, Deodatus E. Mory, John DeWitt ; Col-
lector, R. Merrell, Jr.; Constables, R. Merrell, Jr.,
Jehiel Baron; School Inspectors, R. Merrell, Jr.,
Thomas H. Downs, A Bradshaw ; Overseers of
the Poor, Wm. B. Hurlburt, A. Hosmer ; Treas-
urer, E. D. Smith.

1839. Supervisor, Martin H. Ford ; Clerk, Eras-
tus Priest ; Treasurer, Augustus Bradshaw ; As-
sessors, John Eldred, H. St. Johns, P. Thomas ;
Poor Directors, Adam Anderson, A. Peck ; High-
w^ay Commissioners, C. Richards, Wm. Nowland,
D. E. Mory; School Inspectors, M. H. Ford, A.
Bradshaw, R. Merrell : Justices of the Peace,
Thomas H. Downs, Erastus Priest; Collector, R.
Merrell ; Constables, R. Merrell, A. Bradshaw,
John Eldred, J. Baron.

1 840. Supervisor, John Priest ; Clerk, Thomas
H Downs; Treasurer, M. Wilcox; Assessors, T.
H. Downs. John Crowfoot ; M. M Aldrich ; Col-
lector, R. M. Pearce ; Highway Commissioners. A.
Ash, Wm. Nowland, James Batam ; Justice of the
Peace, John Crowfoot, Alfred Merrell ; Constables,
R. M. Pearce, Wm. H. Case, George W. Case C.
Warren ; School Inspectors, M. M. Aldrich, A.
Hosmer, E, Priest; Poor Directors, A. Peck, Wm.
Nowland.

1 84 1. Supervisor, John Crowfoot; Clerk, Eras-
tus Priest ; Treasurer, Marvin Willcox ; Assessors
M. M. Aldrich, John Crowfoot, T. H. Downs ;
Highway Commissioners, A. Merrell, A. Hosmer,
Wm. Nowland ; Justice of the Peace, Erastus
Priest ; Collector, C, Warren ; School Inspectors, A.
Hosmer, M. M. Aldrich E. N. Mellitt ; Poor Direc-
tors, Wm. B. Hurlburt, Wm. Nowland ; Constables,
C. Warren, E. D. Smith, Wm. S. Hurlburt, A. Ash.

1842. Supervisor, Thomas H. Dow^ns and Eras-
tus Priest each part of a year ; Clerk, John Crow-
foot; Justice of the Peace, and Treasurer, A rby
Ash; Assessors, Marvin Willcox, M. M. Aldrich;
Highway Commissioners, C. Warren, John Now-
land, Chas. McConnell; School Inspectors, M. M.
Aldrich,. C. Warren, John Crowfoot ; Poor Direct-
ors, Wm. B. Hurlburt, Henry Dutcher r Constables,
E. D. Smith, Wm. Nowland, Jr., Wm. S. Hurlburt,
Calvin A. Richards.

1 843. Supervisor, John Crowfoot ; Clerk, Arte-
mus Hosmer ; Treasurer, Arby Ash ; Justice of
the Peace, Jonathan Fay ; Assessors, Alfred Mer-
rill, Orin Brown ; Highway Commissioners, Wm.
Nowland, M. M. Aldrich, Jonathan Fay; School
Inspectors, M. M. Aldrich, two years, Rufus W.
Chilson and W. S. Hosmer, each part of a year ;
Poor Directors, A. Hosmer, Calvin Richards ; Con-
stables, John Slinger, E. D. Smith, C. Richards,
Aaron Sherman.

1 844. Supervisor, John Crowfoot ; Clerk, E. N.
Mallett; Treasurer, M. Wilcox; Assessors, H. B.
Adams, A. Merrill ; Highway Commissioner, D.
N. Romine, A. Peck, O. Brown ; School In-
spector, Wm. S. Hosmer; Justices of the Peace,
John Crowfoot, A. Peck ; Poor Directors, J. Fay,
A Peck ; Constables, James Pattee, John Slinger,
C. Richards, Wm. T. Sherman, Jr.

1310

HURON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1845. Supervisor, John Crowfoot ; Clerk, E. N.
Mallett; Treasurer, M. Willcox; Justices of the
Peace, Joseph Evans, Jacob E. Reupert ; Assess-
ors, Alfred Merrill, A. Nowland ; Highway Com-
missioners, O. Brown, E. Winchester, Wm. Now-
land ; School Inspector, Joseph Evans ; Poor
Directors, Wm. B. Hurlburt, Franklin Livingston ;
Constables, John Slinger, Nicholas Kettle, B. Crow-
foot, Chas. McConnell.

1 846. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk, Rufus
W. Chilson ; Treasurer, M.Wilcox; Highway Com-
missioners, R. M. Pearce, John Crowfoot, Chas.
McConnell ; School Inspector, Wm. S. Hosmer ;
Justice of the Peace, David W. Romine, R, W.
Chilson ; Poor Directors, F. Livingston, A. Peck ;
Constables, Elliott Winchester, M. Wilcox, Thomas
Downs, M. Nowland.

1847. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk, Rufus
W. Chilson; Treasurer, M. Wilcox; Justice of the
Peace, R. W. Chilson; Highway Commissioners,
Richard M. Pearce, for three years. Thomas R.
Nowland, two years, James Howell, one year ;
School Inspector, E. N. Mallett; Poor Masters, Wm.
Nowland, J. Fay ; Constables, Enoch Langs, James
S. Pattee, Thomas Downs, C. Richards.

1848. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk, E. N.
Mallett ; Treasurer, Thomas Downs ; Justice of the
Peace, John Crowfoot ; School Inspector, R. W.
Chilson ; Highway Commissioner's, Horace Ash ;
Overseers of the Poor, Wm. B. Hurlburt, Wm.
Nowland ; Constables, E. D. Smith, Wm. T. Sher-
man, Jr., Enoch Langs, James S. Pattee.

1849. Supervisor, Lewis Severance; Clerk, E.
N. Mallett ; Treasurer, Thomas Downs ; Justices of
the Peace, A. Peck, A. Ash ; School Inspector,
Lewis Severance ; Poor Directors, Francis Marshall,
Wm. Kettle; Assessors, E. Winchester, E. Langs;
Highway Commissioner, O. Brown ; Constables.
E. D. Smith, H. Carven, F. Rice, Wm. McConnell.

1850. Supervisor, Lewis Severance ; Clerk, Asher
Peck ; Treasurer, Joshua H. Mead ; Justices of the
Peace, Lewis Severance, Joseph Evans ; School In-
spector, Moses R. Nowland; Poor Directors,
Horace Beebe, Marshall Warner; Assessors, An-
drew Nowland, E. Winchester ; Highway Commis-
sioner, William Nowland ; Constables, Horace R.
Beebe, Wm. T. Sherman, E. D. Smith, Calvin A.
Richards.

185 1. Supervisor, Lewis Severance; Clerk,
Lewis Burgess ; Treasurer, John Crowfoot ; School
Inspector, Lewis Severance; Highway Commis-
sioner, Calvin A. Richards ; Assessors, Alfred Mer-
rell, Andrew Nowland ; Poor Masters, Wm. Now-
land, Lewis Burgess ; Constables, Andrew J. Hos-
mer, M. Blakesley, John Nowland, Francis Rice.

1852. Supervisor, Wm S. Hosmer; Clerk,
Lewis Burgess ; Treasurer, Moses R. Nowland ;

Highway Commissioner, Francis Rice ; Justices of
the Peace, Franklin Livingston, Walter McFarlin ;
School Inspector, Moses R. Nowland ; Assessors,
Andrew Nowland, John Crowfoot ; Poor Masters,
F. Livingston, M. Warner ; Constables, Wm. Now-
land, Jr., M. Blakesley, Samuel Rice, A.J. Hosmer.

1853. Supervisor, Wm. S. Hosmer; Clerk,
Thomas Downs ; Treasurer, Moses R. Nowland ;
Highway Commissioner, Merritt Blakely ; Justices
of the Peace. Walter McFarlin, C. A. Richards;
School Inspector, M. Warner; Constables, A. J.
Hosmer, Samuel Rice, John Merrill, A. Sherman.

1854. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk, Thomas
Downs ; Treasurer, John Nowland ; Justices of the
Peace, Arby Ash, Lewis Burgess ; Overseers of the
Poor, L. Burgess, F. Livingston ; Highway Commis-
sioner, C. A. Richards ; Constables, Moses B.
Widner, F. Jones, T. S. Crawford, A. J. Hosmer.

1855. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk, Thomas
Downs ; Treasurer, John Nowland ; Justices of the
Peace, Lewis Burgess, D. N. Romine ; Highway
Commissioners, F. Livingston, J. Fay, each part
of a year, C. Maes ; School Inspector, Wm. S.
Hosmer ; Overseers of the Poor, Peter Kinney, M.
H, Anderson ; Constables, James S. Pattee, Ches-
ter Maes, Thos. S. Crawford, F. Jones.

1856. Supervisor. Joseph.Evans ; Clerk, Thomas
Downs ; Treasurer, Moses R. Nowland ; Justice of
the Peace, D. N. Romine ; Highway Commission-
ers, Henry B. Nowland, John Slinger ; School In-
spector, Moses R. Nowland ; Overseers of the Poor,
L. Burgess, J. Fay ; Constables, T. S. Crawford, J.
S. Pattee, Geo Ash, H. B. Nowland.

1857. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk. Merritt
Blakely ; Treasurer and Justice of the Peace, Mat-
thew Anderson ; School Inspector, Wm. S. Hos-
mer ; Highway Commissioner, A. J. Hosmer; Over-
seers of the Poor, Wm. Nowland, Jr., J. Fay ; Con-
stables, T. S. Crawford, J. S, Pattee, J. L. Ash, H.
B. Nowland.

1858. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk, M. R.
Nowland ; Treasurer, Theodore Evans ; Justices of
the Peace, John Slinger, Israel Olmstead ; Highway
Commissioner, John Slinger; School Inspector,
Lodowic Stoffiet; Overseers of the Poor, M. R.
Nowland, P. C. Livingston ; Constables, John
Eldred, Stewart Nowland, Geo. Ash, Samuel
Boger.

1859. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk, Moses
R. Nowland ; Treasurer, Theodore L. Evans ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Francis Rice ; School Inspector,
Wm. S. Hosmer ; Highway Commissioner, James
Howell ; Overseers of the Poor, P. C. Livingston,
James Johnson; Constables, John Eldred, A.
Kittle, Thomas Crowfoot, Lyman Ash.

i860. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk, Moses
R. Nowland ; Treasurer, T. L. Evans ; Justice of

HURON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

13II

the Peace, B. Sutton ; School Inspector, L. A.
Winchester ; Highway Commissioner, Michael
Nowland ; Poor Masters, H. B. Nowland, James
Johnson ; Constables, John Eldred, Jay L. Knapp,
Lyman Ash, J. Van Verst.

i86r. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk, Moses
R. Nowland ; Treasurer, T. L. Evans ; Justice of
the Peace, M. H. Anderson ; School Inspectors, L.
A. Winchester, Marshall Warner ; Highway Com-
missioner, A. Ash ; Poor Masters, Chester Maes,
Homer Norton ; Constables, Henry B. Nowland,
Thomas S. Crawford, George A. Ash, John Eldred.

1862. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk, M. R.
Nowland ; Treasurer, T. L. Evans ; Justice of the
Peace, John Slinger; School Inspector, Wm. S.
Hosmer; Highway Commissioner, Henry Wager;
Overseers of the Poor, John Slinger, Chester Maes ;
Constables, H. B. Nowland, John Eldred, Geo. A.
Ash, T. S. Crowfoot.

1863. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk, William
S. Hosmer ; Treasurer, Theodore L. Evans ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Samuel Rice ; School Inspector,
James H. Richards ; Highway Commissioner,
Homer Norton; Overseers of the Poor, Chester
Maes, George W. Smith ; Constables, John Eldred,
John B. Hudson, Franklin Jones, Noah Felt.

1864. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk, Moses
R. Nowland ; Treasurer, T. L. Evans ; Justice of
the Peace, O. H. Smith; School Inspectors, Lor-
enzo Fay, Harry Olmstead ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Thomas S. Crawford ; Overseers of the
Poor, Alex. Kittle, Chester Maes ; Constables, W.
W. Chapin, R. A. Savage, John Eldred, Harmon
Parrish.

1865. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk, Wm. S.
Hosmer ; Treasurer, Theodore L. Evans ; Justice
of the Peace, Amos Martin ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Benjamin Sutton ; School Inspector, Alex.
Kittle ; Overseers of the Poor, Chester Maes, Jos.
Abbott ; Constables, John Eldred, H. B. Nowland,
I. H. Olmstead. Chas. Mallett.

1866. Supervisor, Joseph Evans; Clerk. M. R.
Nowland ; Treasurer. T. L Evans ; Justice of the
Peace, John Slinger; Highway Commissioner,
Homer Norton; School Inspector, Lorenzo Fay;
Overseers of the Poor, Chester Maes, A. J. Hos-
mer; Constables. H. B/ Nowland, John Eldred,
Franklin Blakeley, N. P. Thayer.

1 867. Supervisor, Joseph Evans ; Clerk Lorenzo
Fay ; Treasurer, T. L. Evans ; Justice of the Peace,
Samuel Rice ; Highway Commissioner, Steward L.
Nowland; School Inspector, Alex. Kittle; Over-
seers of the Poor, Chester Maes, Lodowic StofBet ;
Constables, John Eldred, George Varney, Robt.
Outhw^aite. Francis Rice.

1868. Supervisor, Moses R. Nowland; Clerk,
Joseph Waltz ; Treasurer, T. L Evans ; Justice of

the Peace, D. F. Norton ; Highway Commissioner,
Henry Wager; School Inspector, M. Warner;
Overseers of the Poor, I. Olmstead, Wm. Bouker ;
Constables, N. P. Thayer, H. B. Nowland, Lyman
Ash, A. J. Tresket.

1869. Supervisor, Moses R. Nowland; Clerk,
Joseph Waltz ; Treasurer, T. L. Evans ; Justice of
the Peace, Francis Rice ; School Inspector, Alex-
ander Kittle ; Highway Commissioner, David Sher-
man; Poor Masters, H. B. Nowland, Wm. Bouker ;
Constables. N. P. Thayer, Merrit Cross, Robert
Outhwaite, Ira S. Hall.

1870. Supervisor, Moses R. Nowland; Clerk,
Joseph Waltz; Treasurer, Richard H. Clark; Jus-
tice of the Peace, G. W. Smith ; School Inspector,
Phillip C. Livingston; Highway Commissioner,
John Eldred ; Poor Masters, Gottlieb Schultz, M.
Warner ; Constables, C. F. Johnson. Robert Outh-
waite, Abram Scott, Jeremiah Hewitt.

1 87 1 . Supervisor, Theodore L. Evans ; Clerk, A.
E. Jaquith ; Treasurer, Alex. Kittle ; Justices of the
Peace, Samuel Rice, Marshall Warner; Highway
Commissioner, Jeremiah Vining ; School Inspector,
John Fay ; Overseers of the Poor, Edmund Mallett,
G. Schultz; Constables, Nahum P. Thayer, John
Fay, Chas. W. Felt, Robert Outhwaite.

1 872. Supervisor, Nahum P. Thayer ; Clerk, John
I. Van Lieu ; Justice of the Peace, Wm. S. Hosmer;
School Inspector, John Waltz ; Highway Commis-
sioner, A. A. Armstrong; Drain Commissioner,
Chester Maes; Poor Directors, Gottlieb Schultz, M.
Warner; Constables, Lyman Ash, Spencer Horn-
ing, M. Vining, Chas. Kipp.

1873. Supervisor, George W. Smith; Clerk,
Austin Goodyear ; Justice of the Peace, Joseph
Waltz ; Treasurer, Henry Train ; School Inspector,
Charles B. Fairfield ; Highway Commissioners,
Henry Stofflet, Francis J. Belden ; Drain Commis-
sioner, N. Vanderean ; Overseers of the Poor,
Samuel Rice, Joseph Evans ; Constables, Lyman
Ash, Jas. J. Huston, Jr., John Bramback, M. Vining.

1874. Supervisor, George W. Smith; Clerk,
Austin Goodyear; Treasurer, Andrew J. Norton;
Justice of the Peace, James W. Abbott ; Highway
Commissioner, Merritt Cross ; School Inspector,
James F. Wallace; Drain Commissioner, Charles
S. Yost ; Overseers of the Poor, G. Schultz, Jacob
Schaller; Constables, Minor Vining, Peter Lewis,
H. B. Nowland, Jacob Slinger.

1875. Supervisor, Joseph Waltz ; Clerk, Stephen
Sims; Treasurer, A. J. Norton; Justices of the
Peace, Wm. Bouter, James Stewart ; Superintendent
of Schools, George T. Clark; School Inspector,
Hiram R. Nowland ; Highway Commissioner, Mer-
ritt Cross ; Drain Commissioner. Wm. Atyeo ; Con-
stables, Henry B. Nowland, Jacob Brining, John
Weirich, Jacob Slinger.

I3I2

HURON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1876. Supervisor, Henry J. Wagar ; Clerk, Ste-
phen Sims; Treasurer, A. J. Norton ; Justice of the
Peace, Benjamin Lewis ; Superintendent of Schools,
Chas. W. Gardner ; School Inspector, George T.
Clark ; Highway Commissioner, Homer Norton ;
Drain Commissioner, Peter Lewis ; Constables
Henry B. Nowland, George Dean, Edward G.
Hosmer, John Burgher.

1877. Supervisor, Henry L. Stoflet ; Clerk, Ira
W. Curtiss ; Treasurer, A. J. Norton; Justice of
the Peace, J. Waltz; Highway Commissioner, T.
Hanrahan ; Superintendent of Schools, G. T. Clark;
School Inspector, D. T. Wagar ; Constables, J.
Weirich. Jr., H. B. Nowland, J. W. Smith, S. B.
Sutton.

1878. Supervisor, Henry L. Stoflet ; Clerk, Joseph
Evans; Treasurer, Alonzo D. Maes ; Justices of the
Peace, Amos Martin, Sr., Francis Rice ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, Chas. L. Roulo; School In-
spector, James G. Tuttle ; Highway Commissioner,
Homer Norton ; Drain Commissioner, Anthony
Raiser ; Constables, M. G. Vandiear, Geo. A. Cur-
tiss, John Charlesworth, Jr., Chas. Bennett, Jr.

1879. Supervisor, Myron H. Ellis; Clerk, Ches-
ter Maes ; Treasurer, George F. Butler ; Justice of
the Peace, Wm. Bouker; Highway Commissioner,
Gottlieb Schwab ; Superintendent of Schools, Seth
C. Felt ; School Inspector, Hiram R. Nowland ;
Constables, M. G. Vandiear, Dennis Kelley, Chas.
Bennett, Jr , John Merrill.

1880. Supervisor, Henry L. Stoflet; Clerk,
Thomas Haines Parker ; Treasurer, George F. But-
ler; Justice of the Peace, Wm. S. Hosmer; High-
way Commissioner, Theron K. Evans ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, Gilbert R. Smith ; School In-
spector, Wm. F Tripp ; Constables, M. G. Vandiear,
Samuel Rice, Jas. A. Charlesworth, Dennis Kelley.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Myron H. Ellis ; Clerk, Ira W.
Curtiss ; Treasurer Lewis Neaman ; Justices of the
Peace, Samuel Rice, Isaac Biddlecomb; School
Inspector, Joseph Waltz ; Superintendent of Schools,
Gilbert R. Smith ; Highway Commissioner, Theron
K. Evans ; Constables, James Charlesworth, Robert
Zigler, John Kennedy, H. B. Nowland.

1 882. Supervisor, Myron H Ellis ; Clerk, Thomas
H. Parkes ; Treasurer, Ludwig Nieman ; Justices
of the Peace, Francis Rice, F. T. Bondy ; Highway
Commissioner, Gottlieb Schwab ; Drain Commis-
sioner, Wm. Hurlburt ; School Inspectors, Jesse
Butler, Edwin W. Abbott ; Constables, Ed. Now-
land, Dennis Kelley, Carl Mack, H. B. Nowland.

1883. Supervisor, Joseph Waltz ; Clerk, Thomas
H. Parkes ; Treasurer, Isaac H. Cole ; Justice of
the Peace, Frank T. Bondy; Highway Commis-
sioner, George H. Curtiss ; School Inspectors, Jesse
Butler, Geo. T. Clark ; Constables, Edward Now-
land, Dennis Kelley, H. B. Nowland, Dennis Hurd.

1884. Supervisor, Joseph Waltz ; Clerk, Thomas
H. Parkes ; Treasurer, Jacob Schaller ; Justice of
the Peace, Jeptha H. Sutton ; Highway Commis-
sioner, George A. Curtiss ; Drain Commissioner,
Dennis Kelley ; School Inspector, Henry L. Stoflet ;
Constables, Samuel Adams, Dennis Hurd, Jerry
Arthur, Robert Waltz.

1885. Supervisor, Henry L. Stoflet ; Clerk,
Thomas H. Parkes; Treasurer, Jacob Schaller;
Justices of the Peace, Henry L. Bell, Samuel Adams;
Highway Commissioner, Homer Norton ; School
Inspector, Jesse Butler ; Constables, Bennett Felt,
Jacob Slinger, Jerry Arthurs, James Scott.

1886. Supervisor, Henry L. Stoflet ; Clerk,
Thomas H. Parkes ; Treasurer, Jesse Butler; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Francis Rice ; Highway Com-
missioner, Homer Norton ; Drain Commissioner,
Charles E. Outhwaite ; School Inspector, Royal M.
Hanna ; Constables, Dennis Hurd, Edwin R. Baker,
James Scott, Marsh Kennedy.

1 887. Supervisor, Henry L. Stoflet ; Clerk, Edwin
A, Smith; Treasurer, Jesse Butler; Justice of the
Peace, George A. Curtiss; Highway Commissioner,
Wm. H. Heywood ; School Inspector, S. Downs ;
Constables, Dennis Hurd, E. Squire, James Scott,
H. Warner.

1888. Supervisor, Henry L. Stoflet; Clerk,
Thomas H. Parkes ; Treasurer. Theron K. Evans ;
Justices of the Peace, Samuel Adams, James E.
Baker ; Highway Commissioner, Wm. H. Hey-
wood ; School Inspector, Royal M. Hanna ; Drain
Commissioner, Wm. S. Hosmer ; Constables, B. D.
Felt, Dennis Hurd, Edgar L. Squires, Oliver B.
Alford.

1889. Supervisor, Jesse Butler; Clerk, Thomas
H. Parkes ; Treasurer, T. K. Evans ; Justice of
the Peace, Henry L. Bell ; Highway Commissioner,
Edward Crittenden ; School Inspector, Bennett
Felt ; Constables, O. B. Alford, Chas. Mack, James
Scott.

1890. Supervisor, Jesse Butler ; Clerk, A. Stosch-
ke ; Treasurer, J. Schaller ; Justices of the Peace,
I. M. Gneis, H. D. Smith ; School Inspector, John
Chamberlain ; Highway Commissioner, G. A. Car-
ter ; Drain Commissioner, W. Rice ; Constables,
W. H. Hamilton. M. Kennedy, J. Scott.

The population of the township in 1850 was 504;
in i860, 833; in 1870, 1,263, ^"d in 1880 2,019.
The valuation in 1840 was $176,886; in 1850,
131,126; in i860, $91,558; in 1870, $126,971; in
1880, $500,740. One of the principal industries of
the township, aside from agricultural pursuits, is
the burning of charcoal, and the white cones of
about forty kilns can be seen in various localities.

An Indian reserve granted to the Wyandottes by
the United States on September 20, 18 18, was
located in the southeast corner of this township,

HURON TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

^3^3

and included Sections 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35 and
36 and that part of Section 22 lying on the south
side of the River Huron, and containing eight acres.
The entire tract included 4,996 acres. By treaty of
March 17, i?^42, this tract was ceded by the Wyan-
dottes to the United States and they were removed
to Kansas.

Among those who were removed was an old
Indian by the name of Bouger. He was totally
blind, but so familiar with all the beaten paths on
his fruit farm, that he could go to any tree in his
large orchard ; he refused to be moved, and with
his faithful henchman, Peter Hunt, had to be bound
hand and foot and packed in a wagon in order to
be taken away.

A familiar land mark to old settlers on Section 27
is known as ** Katie Quaqua's Camp." It was a
favorite camping ground of the red men when they
came to this section on their hunting and trapping
excursions. The house of Katie Quaqua, a relic of
old Indian times, is still standing. She was the
wife of James Clark, who lived near Amherstburg,
and with her daughter Mary McKee, the offspring
of a former "moon husband," were among the last
remnants of the once powerful tribe of the Wyan-
dottes. It is said that Katie offered a half bushel
of silver dollars to any white man that would marry
her daughter, who was almost as fair as any of her
white sisters.

Cemeteries.

On the northwest quarter of Section 7 is located
what is known as the "Mallett Burying Ground,"
so called because it is the burial place of the father,
mother and sister of E. M. Mallett, who died in
1825, leaving him an orphan at the age of twelve.
In 1840 this plat was dedicated to the public, and
in i860, under a general law, was organized as a
town cemetery. Another cemetery, on Section 22.
known as the Fay and Smith cemetery, was granted
to the public by Jonathan Fay in 1840, but by some
oversight was not deeded to the town. On August
12, 1 87 1, the town board met at the farm of Smith
and Frain, and after viewing the premises, they
purchased two acres at $70 an acre. Prior to 1840
there was a cemetery on Section 16, but on the
opening of the Fay ground it was discontinued.
There are also four private burial grounds, known as
the *' German," on southeast quarter of Section 32 ;
the ** Ash,"on the southwest quarter of Section 2;
the "Nowland,"on the northwest quarter of Section
8; and the "Downs," on the northwest quarter of
3ection 5.

Schools.

In 1888 there were eight full districts with school-
houses, and six fractional districts where school-
houses were in other townships District No. i,
known as the " Kittle School," was organized in
1827, and the same year a hewn log house was
built on the northwest quarter of Section 16, and
where the fire-place of this, the first school-house in
the township^was built, there was in 1888 a black
walnut tree over 20 inches in diameter. A second
log house was built in 1840 on the southeast quar-
ter of the same section, followed in 1850 by a frame
building on the southeast quarter of section 22.
The present school-house, with a seating capacity
of 70, was built of brick in 1 866, and is valued at
$700. Ninety-seven children were enrolled in 1888
with an average daily attendance of sixty-five. The
school had one male and one female teacher.

District No. 2, known as the " Hosmer " school,
was first organized in 1840, in a small house on the
northeast fractional quarter of section 7. This
building was replaced in 1837 with another log
house on the same site, and in 1845 with a frame
house. The present building is of brick, seats 125,
and cost $2,000. It was built in 1866, and enlarged
in 1876. The enrollment in 1888 was 141, with an
average attendance of 100. It has two male and
one female teacher.

District No. 3, known as the " Widner" school,
was organized in 1850. It has a frame school-
house which seats forty, located on the southwest
quarter of Section 27. In 1888 it had two female
teachers, with an average attendance of thirty out
of an enrollment of seventy-seven.

District No 4 is usually designated as the " Hur-
onites." It is in the '• Chapin " district and was
organized in 1855. It has a frame house on the
southeast quarter of section 24, with seats for forty,
and cost $200. In 1888 it had two teachers and
forty-two pupils out of an enrollment of forty-seven.

District No. 5 was organized in 1855, and is
called the " Frisket " school. It has a frame build-
ing worth $200, which seats fifty pupils. In 1888
two female teachers were employed, and sixty-five
pupils enrolled, and it had an average attendance
of fifty-four.

District No. 6 was organized in 1840 in a log
school-house on the northwest quarter of Section
29. The building was replaced in 1855 with a
frame house costing $200, with a seating capacity
of seventy-five, which was located on the northeast
quarter of Section 30. One female teacher was
employed in 1888, and eighty pupils were enrolled,
with an average attendance of sixty.

»3H

HURON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

District No. 7, known as the ** Outhwaite "
school, was organized in 1864, with a brick house
on the northeast quarter of Section 17. The build-
ing cost $200 and will seat fifty. In 1888 it had
one female teacher with an attendance of thirty-
four scholars.

District No. 8, styled the "Norton" District, was
organized in 1866, and has a frame house on the
southwest quarter of Section 15. It cost $400,
seats thirty, and in 1 888 had an average attendance
of seventeen scholars.

In the entire township there were 573 pupils,
with an average attendance of 402, the township
had in all three brick and five frame school-houses,
costing $4,550 and seating 430. Further informa-
tion concerning the township will be found in
Chapter XXII of this work.

BELDEN.

This village, located on Section 29, was laid out
in 1857 by Francis J. Belden. It is on the line of
the F. & P. M. R. R. There is a Methodist Epis-
copal society here which was organized at Smith-
ville. A church building was erected there and
dedicated in September, 1868. It was subsequently
moved a mile and a half east of Belden. It will
seat 300, and the property' is worth $1,800. The
church originated in a class formed in 1841 by
Martin H. Ford, a local preacher. The charge was
supplied from Dearborn ville Circuit, and from Flat
Rock ; also at times from Belleville. After 1863 it
was attached to Romulus, and more recently to the
New Boston Circuit.

NEW BOSTON, FORMERLY CATVILLE.

This village, located in the northeastern part of
the town of Huron, on the line of the F. & P. M,
R. R , was laid out as early as 1834. The post-
office was at first named Huron. The origin of the
name of Catville, as given by M. R. Nowland, is as
follows: In 1849 Marvin Wilcox started a small
grocery store in what is now New Boston. He
purchased his goods of C. A. Trowbridge of De-
troit, wholesale grocery merchant, and the initials
of Mr. Trowbridge's name were marked on the
boxes which contained the goods. When Willcox
laid the boxes on the shelves, the initials C. A. T.
were so prominent as to attract attention, and Mr.
Nowland added the word " ville," thus making the
word Catville. Shortly afterwards, while Matthew
Anderson was postmaster, he grew careless about
making his returns to Washington, and the post-
office was discontinued. Mr. Nowland finally
wrote to the Postmaster-General, asking him to
again establish the office, and he replied that he
would, and would make him postmaster if he
would accept. Mr. Nowland consented but asked

him to give the office a new name, to distinguish it
readily from the postoffices of Port Huron and
Huron Station. The postmaster replied, *' Send
me a name so that there will be none other like it in
the State, and I will make the change." Mr. Now-
land then wrote him, saying, "Our little village is
called Catville, and we may as well have the post-
office bear the same name," and a short time after-
wards he received his commission as Postmaster of
Catville. The village continued to grow, and
about,! 867, N. P. Thayer, David F. Norton and
Mr. Nowland sought for a more aristocratic name,
and finally agreed upon the name New Boston, and
petitioned and obtained this change in the postoffice
name, and in 1881 the village was incorporated. In
1880 it had a population of 284. There was a
bridge over the Huron at this point at a very early
date which was renewed from time to time. The
most expensive bridge built was provided for June
18, 1888, by a vote of seventy to four. The town
board was then authorized to bond the town for
$3,000 to build a bridge across the river at New
Boston, the bridge to be of one span of 100 feet
clear, to be built of iron with stone abutments, and
with a sixteen-foot roadway. The contract was
awarded July 25, 1888, to the Mount Vernon
Bridge Company, of Mount Vernon, O, at $3,450.
The bridge was completed and accepted December

Methodist Episcopal Church.

The emigrants who settled along the Huron river
from its mouth to Flat Rock, from 1820 to 1825^
were of Virginia stock, by the way of Canada, and
nearly all members of the Methodist Church. In
1825, John Hayden, a local preacher, settled near
** French's Landing," a point midway between New
Boston and Belleville. In 1830, John Pattee, with
several other families, settled on Section 16 and on
the Indian reserve, and about this time a Methodist
class was formed in Huron, with John Pattee as
leader. In 1834 M. H. Ford was appointed leader
of the class, which grew into the Methodist Church.
From 1 83 1 to 1834 the society was embraced in
the Wyandotte or Huron mission of the M. E.
Church. A class was formed in this neighborhood
by E. G. Gavitt, and E. H. Pilcher and Rev. Elias
Pattee labored here at different times until 1845,
the place being also supplied by different circuit
preachers. In 1863 it was organized as Romulus
circuit, and afterwards as New Boston circuit. The
church lot cost $75, and the first building $800. It
was dedicated July 26, 1 868. A new brick church
was dedicated November 23, 1 888. It will seat 300,
and is worth $2,500. There were forty members in
1888.

HURON tOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1315

Roman Catholic Chtirch,

The first services of the Roman Catholic Church
were held at the house of Anthony Raisor. by the
Rev. Father Gillie, in June, 1868, about twenty per-
sons being present. Until 1875 the society was
attached to the church at Dearborn, but durinj^
that year it was transferred to the Monroe church,
under the pastorate of Rev. B. G. Soffers, in whose
charge it remained until May, 1885, when it was
placed in the charge of Father Stephens and others
from the St. Bonaventure's Monastery of the Capu-
chin Order in Detroit. In October, 1888, Rev. John
Lovett was installed as the first regular rector, and
the parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was then
fully established as an independent parish. The
church lot cost $200, and the building $1,700. It
will seat 250. It was completed so as to be used
for the first time on November 26, 1875, but was
not consecrated until September 14, 1884.

Baptist Church.

The Baptist society was organized September 16,
1 87 1. They have no building, but own a village
lot. Rev. D. J. Parker, the first pastor, was serving
in 1888, and the church then had thirty-eight mem-
bers.

.SV. Paul's German Evafigelical Lutheraii Con-
gregation U. A. C.

The German Evangelical Lutheran St. Paul's
Congregation of the Unaltered Augsburg Con-
fession was organized about 1878. Their church
lot cost $75, and their building $600. It w-as dedi-
cated December 13, 1887, and will seat 125. It is
served by the Lutheran ministers from Waltz.

.S7. PauVs German Evangelical Lutheran Church.

St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran Church
was organized in 1882, with fifteen members. A
lot was purchased for $75, and a church with a
seating capacity of 300 built, at an expense of $650.
It was dedicated December 18, 1887. The follow-
ing have served as pastors : Rev. C. R. Ottoe
Mueller, from 1882 to 1885 ; Rev. John Rannie,
1885-1886; Rev. H. A. Meyer, from*i886-

SMITHVILLE.

The small village by this name w-as laid out in
1886, by Orren and George W. Smith.

WALTZ.

This village which is located on Swan Creek, lies
partly in Wayne and partly in Monroe Counties. It
was platted in 1872, by Joseph Waltz, and is on the
line of the F. & P. M. R. R. Charcoal is extensively
manufactured in this vicinity, and this and brick
making are the chief industries.

St. Johns German Evaitgelical Lutheran
Church U. A C.

The German Evangelical Lutheran St. John's
Congregation of the Unaltered Augsburg Confes-
sion was organized'in 1857. Their first church was
built of logs. The present building was dedicated
October 7, 1888, cost $2,700 and will seat 300.
The society was organized by Rev. H. Lemke, of
Sandy Creek, Monroe County. He preached here
about every third Sunday. His successor, Rev. A.
Chr. Bauer, of Sandy Creek, served until the year
1876. Rev. C. R. O. Muller. the first regularly
appointed minister, served from 1876 to February
1879, aiid was followed by Rev. J. L. Kamin, who
served from July 18, 1880, to March 14, 1883. Rev.
H. A. Meyer became the pastor on November 4,
1883. The church had fifty members in 1888, and
sustained a day school with forty-seven scholars.

The Free Methodist Church.

The Free Methodist Church of Waltz was organ-
ized May 15, 1867. A lot for a church building
was donated by Joseph Waltz, and in the fall of
1873 the society dedicated a church which cost
$1,200. It seats eighty persons. The following per-
sons have served as pastors : 1867, W. D. Bishop ;

1868, Ellison and Compton ; 1 869-1 871,

A. Lenardson ; 1 87 1 , Sawyer and James ;

1872, J. A. Wilson; 1873-1875, C. Haynes ; 1875,

Lizenring; 1876-1878, A. Bradfield ; 1878-

880, Wm. Cochrane; 1880-1881,

i-i88^ J. O. Burfield ; 1883-1886,

Ranson; 1887- , J.

1880, J. Scott;

Parker; i«

Wm. Cochrane; 1886.
Laurence.

I3i6

LIVONIA TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

LI VON I A TOWNSH I P.

This township was created by law of March 17,
1835, and the first township meeting was held on
the first Monday of April, at the " Tamarack School
House," on John Joslin's farm, near the centre of
the town.

The name of the township is doubtless derived
from a province in Russia. The township had
formed part of the town of Bucklin and also of
Nankin. It consists of town i, south of range 9,
east. The first township meeting was held on
April 6, 1835, Adolphus Brigham was chosen
moderator, and Silas Joslin, olerk. The officers
elected in that and subsequent year are as fol-
lows :

1835. Supervisor, Adolphus Brigham; Clerk,
Silas Brigham ; Assessors, Erastus S. Everitt,
Clement C. Leach, Joseph B. Springer ; Collector,
Reuben Stark ; Highway Commissioners, George
Everitt, Reuben Glas Lucian Noble ; Poor Direct-
ors, Judah Lewis, Martin Frasier; Constables, Gil-
bert Martin, Reuben Stark, Edward P. Vickccy;
Common School Commissioners, Joseph Kingsley,
Daniel Barlow, Joshua Simmons ; Common School
Inspectors, James Gunning, Charles Noble, Thomas
Harper, Harvey Durfee, Joseph B. Springer;
Pound Masters, Willard Lambert, John Everitt,
Joseph Kingsley, William B. Lawrence.

1836. Supervisor, Adolphus Brigham; Clerk,
Silas Joslin ; Assessors, C. C. Leach, N. Eldridge,
E. Hawley; Justices of the Peace, Warren Tuttle,
Rufus Beach, Thomas Harper, Elisha Roberts;
Collector, R. Stark ; Poor Directors, J. Lewis, M.
Frasier; Highway Commissioners, R. Glas, A. Dur-
fee, L. Noble; School Inspectors, J. Gunning,
Chas. Noble, T. Harper, J. B. Springer, H. Durfee;
Constables, R. Stark, G. Martin, E. P. Vickory. D.
Lapham.

1837. Supervisor, Adolphus Brigham ; Clerk,
Silas Joslin ; Assessors, C. C. Leach, D. Briggs, W..
Tuttle; Justices of the Peace, T. Harper, N. Lap-
ham ; Collector, A. Paddock ; Poor Directors, N.
Frasier, A. Fairfield ; Highway Commissioners, W.
Lambert, J. Kingsley, S. Downer ; School Inspect-
ors, W. Tuttle. D. W. Hinron, A. Harwood ; Con-
stables, W. Lambert, A. Paddock, D. Lapham, J.
H. LeCount.

1838. Supervisor, Adolphus Brigham; Clerk,
Silas Joslin ; Assessors, B, Stevens, C. C. Leach, A.
Paddock ; Justice of the Peace, .E. Roberts ; Col-
lector, D. Briggs ; Poor Directors, J. Lewis, E P.
French ; Highway Commissioners, S. Downer, W.
Lambert, G. Durfee; School Inspectors, A. Har-

wood, B. Stephens, S. Jones; Constables, J. Gunn-
ing, J. H. LeCount, P. Chillson, J. Rhead.

1839 Supervisor, Clement C. Leach; Clerk,
Thomas Harper ; Treasurer, Isaac L. Dennis ; As-
sessors, Edward Peck, M. Deming, N. Eldridge;
Collector, D. Briggs ; School Inspectors, E. Fuller,

B. Stevens, H. Durfee ; Poor Directors, J. Lewis, P.
G. Keator; Highway Commissioners, A. Reynolds,
L. Nash, J. Simmons; Justice of the Peace. W.
Tuttle ; Constables, J. Gunning, D. Briggs, E.
Jackson, J. Watkins.

1840. Supervisor, Clement C. Leach; Clerk,
Joseph B. Springer ; Treasurer, J. Lewis ; Justice
of the Peace, J. Gunning; Assessors, B. Pierson, L.
Dean, A. Brigham ; Collector, E. M. Jackson ;
School Inspectors, H. Durfee, N. Talmadge, E. Ful-
ler ; Poor Directors, M. Frasier, J. Lewis ; High-
way Commissioners, P. Hallock, J. Simmons, G.
Bider; Constables, E. M. Jackson, N. Talmadge,
D. Briggs, D. Brink.

1 84 1. Supervisor, Joshua Baily; Clerk, Clement

C. Leach ; Justice of the Peace, A. Brigham ;
Treasurer, J. Lewis ; Assessors, B. Stevens, A
Blue, E. Smith ; Collector, E. M. Jackson ; School
Inspectors, E. Fuller, T. Harper, W. Hard ; Poor
Directors, J. Lewis, J. T. Wilder ; Highway Com-
missioners, A. Fuller, Geo. Rider, A. L. Chapman ;
Constables, 1. S. Gates, N. Talmadge, D. Briggs, A.
Cameron.

1842. Supervisor, Warren Tuttle ; Clerk, Joseph
B. Springer; Treasurer, D. Cudworth ; Assessors,

B. Pierson, L. Dean ; Justice of the Peace, S.
Davis ; School Inspectors, W. P. Adams, H. Dur-
fee, W. Grace ; Highway Commissioners, A. Kings-
ley, S. B. Smith, J. Simmons ; Poor Directors, M.
Frasier, A. Northrup ; Constables, E. M. Jackson,

C. Andrews, A. Northrup, D. Buick.

1843. Supervisor, Luther Dean ; Clerk, Joseph
B. Springer; Justices of the Peace, W. Tuttle, B.
Pierson ; Treasurer, D. Cudworth ; School In-
spectors, for one year, W. P. Adarris, for two years,
W. Grace ; Assessors, B. Pierson, E. Flint ; High-
way Commissioners, E. M. Jackson, S. B. Smith J.
Simmons; Poor Directors, M. Frasier, A. North-
rup ; Constables, C. Andrews, D. Brink, W. P.
Adams, C. Chillson.

1 844. Supervisor, Luther Dean ; Clerk, Joseph B.
Springer; Treasurer, S. B. Smith; Justice of the
Peace, B. Stephens ; Assessors, N. Eldridge, B.
Pierson ; School Inspectors, B. F. Brigham ; Poor
Directors, M. Frasier, A. Northrup ; Highway
Commissioner, B. Marshall, S. B. Smith, N. Everitt ;

LIVONIA TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1317

Constables, D. Brink, W. P. Adams, A. Chilson S
Porter.

1845. Clement C. Leach ; Clerk, Alenon Rey-
nolds ; Treasurer, Thomas Harper ; Justices of the
Peace, A. Brigham, J. T. M ilder ; Highway Com-
missioners, B. Marshall,, G. K. Wilber, N. Everitt ;
Poor Directors, M. Frasier, N. Lapham ; Assessors,
G, Towson. C. Nobles ; School Inspector, J. D.
Alexander ; Constables L. Dean, D. Brink, D. C.
Sheldon, R. Palmer.

1846. Supervisor, Clement C. Leach ; Clerk,
Smith Jones ; Treasurer, D. C. Shelden : Justice of
the Peace. A. Blue ; School Inspector, W. M. Shaw;
Highway Commissioners, J. Willetts, Z. W. Glass,
G. K. Wilber ; Poor Directors, W. Minckley, G.
Durfee ; Constables, D. C. Sheldon, A. Fairfield,
G. Peck, W. O. Minckley.

1847. Supervisor, Samuel B. Smith ; Clerk,
Smith Jones ; Treasurer, A. Durfee ; Justice of the
Peace, J. T. Wilder ; School Inspector, J. D. Alex-
ander ; Poor Directors, T. Harper, A. Northrup ;
Highway Commissioners, for one year, A. Lapham,
for two years, Z. W. Glass, for three years, Geo.
Rider ; Constables, D. C. Sheldon, W. O. Minckley,
L. Dean, L. Norton.

1848. Supervisor, Samuel B. Smith; Clerk,
Smith Jones ; Treasurer, T. Harper ; Justice of the
Peace, B. Stevens ; School Inspector, S. A. Bowen;
Highway Commissioner, N. Lapham ; Poor Direc-
tors. D, Briggs, W. M. Shaw ; Constables, L. Dean,
J. Luther H. J Dean, L. L. Norton.

1 849. Supervisor, Samuel B. Jones ; Clerk,
David P. Hinson ; Treasurer, J. Simmons ; Justice
of the Peace, A. Brigham ; School Inspectors, E.
Roberts, D. A. McFarlan ; Assessors, R. Lee, D.
Briggs ; Highway Commissioner, M. Shaw ; Poor
Directors, M. Frasier, J. B. Springer ; Constables,
L. Dean, D. Blue, J. B. Luther, M. Cranson.

1850. Supervisor, Charles Noble; Clerk, Smith
Jones ; Treasurer, T. Harper ; Justice of the Peace,
A. Blue ; Highway Commissioner, G. Rider ; School
Inspector, D. A. McFarlin; Poor Directors, G.
Durfee, D. Briggs; Constables, J. Stevens, D. C.
Sheldon, D. Blue, J. B. Luther.

185 1. Supervisor, Charles Noble; Clerk, Henry
Lewis; Treasurer, T. Downer; Justice of the
Peace, J. T. Wilder; Highway Commissioner, G.
K. Wilber ; Assessors, C. C. Leach, D. Briggs ;
School Inspector, Geo. Keator, 2d ; Poor Directors,
W. Minckley, W. W. Wight; Constables, H. Dur-
fee, F. Brown, J. Stevens, Z. W Glass.

1852. Supervisor, Charles Noble ; Clerk, Andrew
J. Crosby ; Treasurer, T. Downer ; Justices of the
Peace. B. Stevens, W.W.Wight; School Inspector,
E. Fuller ; Highway Commissioner, D. Briggs ;
Poor Directors, M. Frasier, T. Harper ; Constables,
J. B. Crosby, F. Brown, J. Stevens, J. B. Luther.

1853. Supervisor, Andrew J. Crosby ; Clerk,
Benjamin H. Fairchild ; Treasurer, B. McClure ;
Justice of the Peace, W. P. Rusell ; School In-
spectors, J. L. Wilber, G. Keator; Highway Com-
missioner, A. Kingsley ; Poor Directors, M. Frasier,
A. Northrup ; Constables, J. H. Armstrong, R.
Abbott, J. B. Luther. C. J. Gunning.

1854. Supervisor, Clement C. Leach; Clerk,
Smith Jones ; Treasurer, F. Armstrong ; Justice of
the Peace, A. Blue ; School Inspector, D. A. Mc-
Farlin ; Highway Commissioner, G. K. Wilber.;
Poor Directors, M. Frasier, G. Durfee ; Constables,
D. Blue, D. McKinney, I. F. Barker, J. H. Arm-
strong.

1855. Supervisor, Clement C. Leach; Clerk,
Charles Crosby ; Treasurer, H. J. Dean ; Justice of
the Peace, B. C. Bunnell; School Inspector, G.
Keator ; Highway Commissioner, D. Briggs ; Poor
Directors, J. Briggs, W. Minckley ; Constables, H.
Devering, D. Blue, I. F. Barker, J. D. Peck.

1856. Supervisor, Clement C. Leach; Clerk,
Charles Crosby ; Treasurer, S, South wick ; Justice
of the Peace, B. Stevens ; School Inspector, J. L.
Wilbur ; Highway Commissioner, G. Rider ; Poor
Directors, M. Frasier, W. Harlan; Constables, I.
F. Barker, D. Blue, W. D. Dean, W. W. Wight.

1857. Supervisor, Charles Noble; Clerk, Alex-
ander H. Briggs ; Treasurer, J. W. Abbott ; Justice
of the Peace, L. Briggs ; School Inspector, T. Pier-
son ; Highway Commissioner, John Briggs; Poor
Directors, W. A. Harlan, M. Frasier; Constables,
L F. Barker, L. Dean, H. B. Millard, W. T. Rat-
tenberry.

1858. Supervisor, . Samuel B. Smith; Clerk,
Thomas Harper; Treasurer, A. Martin; Justice of
the Peace, A. Blue ; School Inspector, A. H. Briggs,
L. D. Dean ; Highway Commissioner, D. Briggs ;
Poor Directors, M. Frasier, W. A. Harlan ; Con-
stables, I. F. Barker, S. Macumber, J. Evans, W. O.
Minckley.

1859. Supervisor, Clement C. Leach; Clerk,
Thomas Harper ; Treasurer, W. M. Johnson ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, A. Pickett ; School Inspector, J.
L. Wilbur ; Highway Commissioner, G. Rider ;
Poor Directors, G. Rider, J. Loomis ; Constables, J.
McKinney, I. F. Barker, S. Macumber, E. G. Minck-
ley.

i860. Supervisor, John S. Tibbits; Clerk,
Thomas Harper; Treasurer, S. Macumber; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Geo. Rider, B. Stevens ; School
Inspector, A. H. Briggs ; Highway Commissioner,
J. Briggs ; Poor Directors, W. Minckley, C. Noble ;
Constables, C. Elliott, J. Briggs, F. Brown, T. P.
Sherman,

1 861. Supervisor, James L. Wilbur; Clerk,
Samuel Johnson ; Treasurer, R. H. Humphreville ;
Justice of the Peace, L. Briggs ; School Inspector.

131}

LIVONIA TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

H. P. Sly ; Highway Commissioner, J. B. Springer;
Poor Directors, C. Noble, W. A. Harlan ; Con-
stables, G. H. Joslin, J. Veley, C. Elliott, C A:Hoyt.

1862. Supervisor, Samuel B. Smith; Clerk,
Samuel Johnson ; Treasurer, J. Veley ; Justice of
the Peace, A. Blue ; School Inspectors, O. H. El-
liott, R. H. Humphreyville ; Highway Commis-
sioner, G. Rider ; Poor Directors C. Noble, A. Dur-
fee; Constables, W. O. Minckley, C. Elliott, G H.
Joslin, G. Fairfield.

1863. Supervisor, Charles Noble; Clerk, Ran-
som L Alexander; Treasurer, S. A. Southwick;
Justice of the Peace, B. C. Bunnell ; School In-
spector, A. J. Loomis; Highway Commissioners J.
Briggs, C. Elliott ; Poor Directors, C. Crosby, T.
Armstrong ; Constables, G. Fairfield, G. H. Joslin,
C. Elliott, J. H. Armstrong.

1864. Supervisor, Alexander Blue; Clerk, Ran-
som L. Alexander ; Treasurer, W. M. Johnson ;
Justice of the Peace, B. Stevens; Highway Com-
missioners, C. Elliott, L. Brunson ; Poor Directors,
C Crosby, J. H. Armstrong; Constables, A. A.
Southwick, H. J. Smith, C. Elliott, C. G. Briggs.

1865. Supervisor, Alexander Blue; Clerk, Ran-
som L. Alexander ; Treasurer, G. Hawkins ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J E. Wilcox ; School Inspector,
E. Hodge; Highway Commissioner, C. Noble;
Poor Directors, J. H. Armstrong, C. Crosby ; Con-
stables, G. H. Joslin, J. M. Paddock, C. Elliott. J.
Springer.

1866. Supervisor, Alexander Blue; Clerk, Ran-
som L Alexander ; Treasurer, G. L. Wight ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, A. Blue; School Inspector, O. H.
Elliott ; Poor Directors, C. Crosby, D. Briggs ;
Highway Commissioner, I. F. Barker; Constables,
G. H. Joslin, H. J. Smith A. A. Southwick, G.
Hawkins.

1867. Supervisor, Ransom L. Alexander ; Clerk,
Adolphus Brigham ; Treasurer, G. Hawkins; Jus-
tice of the Peace, B. C. Bunnell; School Inspector,
E. Hodge; Highway Commissioner, D. Briggs;
Poor Directors, C. Crosby, E. Flint; Constables,
W. H. Coates, O. W. Stringer, A. A. Southwick, G.
H. Joslin.

1868. Supervisor, Samuel B. Smith; Clerk,
George Chillson; Treasurer, A. Stringer; Justice
of the Peace, B. Piersons ; School Inspector, C. J.
Gunning; Highway Commissioner, D. McKinney ;
Poor Directors. A. Chillson, M. Frasier ; Constables,

A. Johnson, A. Joslin, J. H. Lemm, J. McKinney.

1869. Supervisor, Samuel B. Smith; Clerk, Wil-
liam B. Ewing; Treasurer, H. P. Millard; Justice
of the Peace, J. E. Wilcox: Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Grace ; School Inspectors, G. Keator, J.

B. Gunning; Poor Directors, C. Potter, D. E.
Hedden; Constables, J. McKinney, S. Everitt. J.
B. Simmons, I. J. Bradner.

1870. Supervisor, Ira J. Bradner; Clerk, Har-
mon P. Millard ; Treasurer, J. B. Simons ; Justice
of the Peace, A. Blue ; Highway Commissioner, H.
W. Tuttle ; School Inspector, H. W. Tuttle; Poor
Directors, D. Blue, J. C. Baur ; Constables, H.
Kingsley, C. Kinney, W. Sherman, R. Keator.

1871. Supervisor, Ira J. Bradner; Clerk, Wil-
liam H. Smith; Treasurer, W. H. Coats; Justice
of the Peace, H. H. Tuttle ; Highway Commissioner,
M. Shaw; School Inspector, L. Bronson ; Poor Di-
rectors, D. Blue, J. Baur ; Constables, L. Pierson,
G. N. Fox, V. Coats, J. Gunning.

1872. Supervisor, William H. Smith; Clerk,
William H. Clock ; Treasurer, J. B. Simons; Jus-
tice of the Peace, A. Stringer ; Highway Commis-
sioner, H.Moore; School Inspector, Lorenzo Pier-
son. H. B. Millard; Poor Directors, J. D. Peck, J.
C. Baur ; Constables, R. Kator, E. Whitcomb, A.
Baur, W. O. Minckley.

1873. Supervisor, Ransom L. Alexander ; Clerk,
William H. Clock; Treasurer, G. H. Joslin; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J. E. Wilcox; Highway Commis-
sioner, Fritz Smock ; School Inspector, L. C.
Holden; Drain Commissioner. H. W. Tuttle; Con-
stables, G. H. Joslin, V. Coats, D. Blue, A. A.
Southwick

1874. Supervisor, Ransom L. Alexander ; Clerk,
William H. Clock ; Treasurer, J. E. Wilcox ; Justice
of the Peace, M. Shaw; School Inspector, F. M.
Briggs ; Highway Commissioner, I. B. Everitt ; J.
H. Armstrong; Drain Commissioner, B. C. Bun-
nell; Constables, G. H. Joslin, W. O. Minckley, V.
Coats, T. Downer.

1875. Supervisor, William T. Rattenberry;
Clerk, William H. Clock and William O. Minckley,
each part of a year ; Treasurer, A. Stringer ; Jus-
tice of the Peace. H. W. Tuttle; J. McKinney;
Highway Commissioner, H. Moore; Drain Com-
missioner, D. Blue; School Inspector, M. Arnold;
Superintendent of Schools, F. L. West; Consta-
bles, V. Coats, J. Chilson, A. Cummings, H. Moore.

1876. Supervisor, William T. Rattenberry;
Clerk, William B. Ewing ; Treasurer, A. J. Chill-
son ; Justice of the Peace, F. Walk ; Superintend-
ent Schools, M. Arnold ; School Inspector, B. Pas-
sage ; Highway Commissioner, H. Moore ; Drain
Commissioner, D. Blue; Constables, A. Arnold.
J. F. Creiger, A. W. Durham, C. Bentley.

1877. Supervisor, William T. Rattenberry;
Clerk. William B. Ewing; Treasurer, A. J. Chil-
son ; Justices* of the Peace, L. G. Pierson, B. Mc-
Clure ; Superintendent Schools, F. L. West ;
School Inspector, J. R. Shaw ; Highway Com-
missioner, H. Moore ; Constables, G. Flint, M.
Lineham, J. F. Creiger, A. T. Radcliffe.

1878. Supervisor, William T. Rattenberry;
Clerk, John Joslin ; Treasurer, M. B. Shaw ; Jus-

LIVONIA TOWNSHIP- ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1319

ice of the Peace, W. B. Ewing, W. Blanchard ;
Superintendent Schools, Volney Blanchard ; School
Inspector, C Potter; Highway Commissioners, I.
B. Everitt ; Drain Commissioner, L. C. Hedden ;
Constables, W. O. Minckley, A. Radcliffe. H.
Smithermann, C. P. Colby.

1879. Supervisor, William T. Rattenberry ;
Clerk, John Joslin ; Treasurer, W. W. Wight ;
Justice of the Peace, L. Dean; Highway Commis-
sioner, W. R. Robinson ; Superintendent Schools,
V. Blanchard ; School Inspector, S. Arnold ; Con-
stables, L. Lapham, J. Bennett, W. Sharman, G.
Flint.

1880. Supervisor, William T. Rattenbury ;
Clerk, John Joslin; Treasurer, J. K.Joy; Justice
of the Peace, W. Blanchard ; Highway Commis-
sioner, W. R. Robinson ; Superintendent Schools,
S Arnold; School Inspector, Hattie Minckley;'
Drain Commissioner, C H. Potter; Constables, J.
M. Blue, G. Pierson, J. F. Creiger, J. Bennett.

1 88 1. Supervisor, John J.Vrooman ; Clerk, Sam-
uel Johnson; Treasurer, J. K. Joy; Justice of the
Peace, L. G. Pierson ; Superintendent Schools,
W. Allen; School Inspector, A. Stringer; High-
way Commissioner, C. Westfall; Constables, E.
Bennett, M. H. Francis, C. Meining, G. F. Ben-
nett.

1882. Supervisor, John J. Vrooman ; Clerk,
Abram Stringer ; Treasurer, W. Allen; Justices of
the Peace, H. Upton. John Bentley; Highway
Commissioner, C. Westfall ; School Inspectors, H.
W. Tuttle, J. B. Tinham ; Drain Commissioner, D
E. Hedden; Constables, W. Rattenberry, J. F.
Creiger, C. E Maynard, A. W. Grace.

1883. Supervisor, William B. Ewing; Clerk,
Abram Stringer ; Treasurer, W. Allen ; Justices of
the Peace, J. McKinney, J. K. Joy; Highway Com-
missioner, C. Westfall; School Inspector, J.B. Tin-
ham ; Constables, J. C. Phillips, J. Henderson, C.
Millard, C. Rathbone.

1884. Supervisor, Abram Stringer; Clerk, John
Joslin ; Treasurer, P. Chillson ; Justice of the Peace,
J. Bentley ; Highway Commissioner, J. M. Blue ;
Drain Commissioner. J. M. Blue ; School Inspector,
S. McKinney ; Constables, J. Meyers, C. Bentley, C.
Westfall, C. Rathbone.

1885. Supervisor, Abram Stringer; Clerk, John
Joslin; Treasurer, P. Chillson; School Inspector,
A. Tinham; Highway Commissioner, W. R. Rob-
inson ; Justices of the Peace, W. Allen, W. H.
Coats; Constables, C. Rathbone, R. Staebler, F.
Sump, C. Meining.

1 886. Supervisor, Abram Stringer; Clerk, John J.
Ferguson ; Treasurer, V. A. Gunning ; Justice of
the Peace, F. L. West, C. Westfall; School In-
spector, J. Chillson; Highway Commissioner, C.
E. Maynard ; Drain Commissioner, G. Foster ;

Constables, S. McKinney, J. H. Alexander, J.
Krum, P. Chillson.

1887. Supervisor, Ransom L. Alexander; Clerk,
Harmon P. Millard ; Treasurer, V. A Gunning ;
Justices of the Peace, F. M. Briggs, O. B. Ewing ;
School Inspector, J. M. Beddon ; Highway Com-
missioner. C. E. Maynard; Constables, M. L. I ick-
ett, J. H. Alexander, P. Chillson, S. McKinney.

1888 Supervisor, Ransom L. Alexander; Clerk,
John Joslin ; Treasurer, C. E. Ryder ; Justice of
the Peace, A. S. Smith ; Highway Commissioner,
C. E. Maynard ; Drain Commissioner, W. S. Rob-
inson ; School Inspector, L. Wolfrom ; Constables,
C. Millard, H. A. Smith, L Joslin, V. A. Gunning.

1889. Supervisor, Ransom L. Alexander; Clerk.
John Joslin ; Treasurer, J A. LeVan ; Justices of the
Peace, C E. Ryder, C. E. Rhode; Highway Com-
missioner, F. Gorse ; Drain Commissioner, W. R.
Robinson ; School Inspector, A. Stringer ; Con-
stables, L. Joslin, J. Klumph, E LeVan, J. New-
man.

1890. Supervisor, A. T. Radcliffe ; Clerk, A.
Beveridge ; Treasurer, J. A. LeVan ; Justices of the
Peace, F. L. West, E. Bennett, E. Sackett ; Con-
stables P. Chillson, V. Gunning, W. Bane.

The school report for the year ending September
3, 1888, shows that there were in the township five
frame and two brick houses, costing $4,650, and
that eleven teachers were employed ; 457 scholars
were enrolled, with an average attendance of 323.
As early as 1826 a cemetery was started on Sec-
tion 33, and one on Section 21, in 1835. One of the
main products of the township is cheese. There
are three large factories. I^he Power factory, on the
northwest quarter of Section 5, was started in the
spring of 1876, and produces from 300000 to
400,000 pounds annually. The Livonia factory,
about two and a half miles north and east of the cen-
ter, has a capacity of about 1 50,000 pounds annually,
and the Gilt Edge factory, on Section 9, makes about
100,000 pounds annually.

In 1828 a church was built by the Quakers on
Section 4, where they worshipped in their peculiar
manner for several years. The church has been
used as a dwelling-house since i860. A Union
Church was built on the southwest quarter of Sec-
tion 7, in 1844, and is used at intervals by various
denominations.

A place known as Livonia City, and located on
the northeast quarter of Section i, was platted in
1836, but no village exists, although a post-office,
known as the Plank Road post-office, is located
near by.

The town hall was erected in 1872. at a cost of
$635, and is located on the southeast quarter of
Section 16, There are two union church build-
ings in the township, one on the southeast quarter

I320

LIVONIA TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

of Section 7, which was built in 1850, at a cost of
$600. The other is on the northeast quarter of Sec-
tion 21, and was built in 1879, at a cost of $700.
Neither of these buildings are owned by a
religious denomination, but occasional religious
services are held in them. The population of the
township in 1850 was 1,375; in i860, 1,665; ^^ i^7o»
1,679 ; i^ i^^O' 1,638. The valuation in 1840 was
$184,885; in 1850, $75,215; in i860, $271,537;
in 1870, $258,980; in 1880, $938,640.

ELM AND ELMWOOD.

The post-office known as Elm was formerly
called- Elmwood. The name was changed to Elm
because of the confusion that arose from the fact
that there was an Elmwood in Tuscola County.
The railroad station which formerly existed here
on the line of the D., L. & N. R. R., by the name
of McKinneys was so called after James McKinney,
who owned a saw-mill at this place.

LIVONIA. OR LIVONIA CENTER.

The post-office is located on the Plymouth plank

road near the center of the township. There is a
Union church here which was built by subscription
in the summer of 1880, at a cost of about $800.
It was dedicated in February, 1881, is open to all
denominations and seats 1 50. There is also a Ger-
man Lutheran church organized in 1 876 by Rev.
Deckgengel of Clarenceville. In 1878, he was fol-
lowed by Rev. William Bunge, and during 1879
a church was built on Section 22 at a cost of
$600. It seats 200. Since 1885 the services have
been conducted by ministers from Plymouth and
Wayne.

NANKIN, FORMERLY NEWBURG,

Is located on the river Rouge near the Detroit,
Lansing & Northern R. R.

STARK.

This post office is located on the railroad about
a mile south of Livonia Center and is named after
Levi B. Stark, who bought land here in 1858. The
railroad station at this point is called Livonia

BIOGRAPHICAL.

WILLIAM M. SHAW was born in London-
derry, Ireland, on June 23, 1800, and was the son
of Robert and Elizabeth (Bredin) Shaw. He at-
tended school in Ireland, until his fourteenth year,
and was then sent to the University at Edinburgh,
Scotland, from which institution he received his
diploma as physician and surgeon. He left the
old country about the year 1821, and came to
America, settling at Fort Plain, New York, where
he resided until 1842. While there he supervised
the building of the locks on the Erie Canal. From
Fort Plain he removed to Michigan, and took up
the occupation of farming.

He was married to Leah Borden on December
17, 1826, at St. Johnsville. They had five child-
ren, namely, Mary, Elizabeth Malvina, Sarah Jane,
Martha Adelia and William Clay. He belonged to
the Masonic order, and was a believer in the doc-
trines of the Universalist church.

Politically he was a Republican from the organi-
zation of that party. He was devoid of ambition
and desire for personal notoriety, always attended
strictly to his private affairs, and could never be
induced to accept political office, although his
friends often sought to persuade him to become a
candidate.

Honest and upright in all his intercourse with

others, free from ostentation, and invariably genial
and kind hearted, he was well thought of by his
neighbors and fellow townsmen. He died on Feb-
ruary 21, 1885.

His wife, Leah Borden, was born on August 1 5,
1807, in Sharon, Schoharie County, New York, and
was the daughter of Daniel and Mary (Avery) Bor-
den. She received a good common school educa-
tion, and was well trained in the duties and require-
ments that go to make up the qualifications of a
good wife and mother. Through life she proved
an invaluable helpmate to her husband, and was
largely instrumental in securing that success and
wealth which surrounded their latter years with
peace and comfort. Of gentle disposition and gen-
erous heart, she was noted for her deeds of charity
and kindness. Kind, motherly, and sympathetic,
her aid was frequently sought by her neighbors in
their hours of need, and she did much to succor
those in distress. Practical in her ideas, she had
nothing but contempt for display, and disdained
to avail herself of the arts and devices of society.
She was natural and unaffected in all her inter-
course, and was highly esteemed and beloved for
her goodness of character. She died on August
21, 1884.

W%t NAc*.ur,

MRS \VM. M. SHAW.

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

I32I

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP.

This township lies on the river, and is peculiar in
that a large share of its area is composed of Grosse
Isle, which, with the smaller islands of Hickory,
Sugar, Elba, Calf, Fox, Stony and Celeron, is in-
cluded in its jurisdiction. For a description of
these and other islands in the Detroit River, see
Chapter II of this work. The township was created
as early as 18 18, but its boundaries were newly de-
fined by law of April 12, 1827, and the township
enlarged by Act of February 16, 1842, which added
to it a part of Brownstown. The first township
meeting was held on May 25, 1827, at the house of
A. C. Truax.

The population in 1850 was 984 ; in i860, 1,335 ;
in 1870, 1,475; in 1880, 2,301. The valuation in
1840 was $97,325; in 1850, $60,810; in i860, $203,-
013; in 1870, $247,766; in 1880, $958,070.

At the Battle of Monguagon, in the War of 181 2,
there was a running fight from near Ecorce to
Slocum's Island, below Trenton, where the routed
army took to their boats, and there is still the re-
mains of a causeway over the Monguagon Creek
on the Payne farm where the fleeing army crossed.
The dead bodies of* both Indians and white men
were apparently buried wherever they fell, as all
the way along the sand knoll from Ecorce to Trenton
bones of the slain have been found. About thirty
years ago, when John Copland built a saw-mill at
Ecorce on the site of the Salliotte and Raupp mill,
the bones of some 100 persons or over were dug
up, and Daniel Goodell reburied them under a pear
tree in his orchard. The only relic now remaining
of the. conflict, beyond flint heads and old muskets,
is a stone on the farm of Charles Conrad, about five
miles west of Trenton, on which is rudely marked,
" John Brown taken prisoner by the Indians, 18 14."
One of the earliest improvements proposed in the
township was provided for by Act of March 23,
1836, which incorporated the Huron Canal and
Manufacturing Company with a capital of $75,000,
and the following directors: A. C. Truax, S. B.
Campbell, Henry Bennett, N. Dustin and C. N.Ben-
nett. The company was organized to complete a
canal to connect the waters of the Huron and
Detroit at Truago, which was to be completed be-
fore April I, 1841. This project, however, like
numerous others of the same character common
at that period entirely failed.

The origin of the name Monguagon and other
valuable facts will be found in Chapter XXII.

Schools.
In 1888, in addition to the schools in Trenton,

there were three school buildings on Grosse Isle,
the three being valued at two thousand dollars, and
located as follows : The Central Graded School, on
private claim 522, seating 1 10, with an average daily
attendance of fifty-nine; the North School, on
private claim 550, seating sixteen with an average
daily attendance of eleven ; the South School on
claim 556, seating fourteen, with an average daily
attendance of nine. There was also a school near
Sibley's on the southeast quarter of Section i. The
building, a frame, was valued at $150. It seated
seventy, and had an average daily attendance of
fifty-nine, of which eight were non-resident pupils.

Cemeteries.

On April 2, 1866, $200 was voted to purchase a
burying ground in the village of Trenton, and $100
for a burying ground on Grosse Isle.

The officers in the several years have been, as fol-
lows :

1 827. Supervisor, Abram C. Truax ; Clerk, James
Chittenden ; Highway Commissioners, John A.
Bucker, James Chittenden, John Pulsipher ; Assess-
ors Artemus Hosmer, Manoah Hubbard, Gardner
Brown ; Collector, James Street ; Overseers of the
Poor, A. C. Truax, Richard Smith; Constables,
Horatio Leet, Hart Warren, Samuel Hickox.

1828. Supervisor, Abram C. Truax ; Clerk, Alvin
Chase ; Assessors, A. Hosmer, G. Brown, M. Hub-
bard ; Highway Commissioners, H. Loomis, James
Chittenden, Joseph Leet ; Collector, James Street ;
Overseers of the Poor, A. C. Truax, R. Smith ;
Constables, James Street, John Brider.

The records from 1828 to 1844 cannot be found,
see Chapter XXII of this work for names of Super-
visors.

1844. Supervisor, Henry I. Alvord ; Clerk, Orin
David ; Treasurer, Henry Brevoort ; Justices of the
Peace, Harry Saunders, James David ; Commission-
ers of Highways, Antoine Mettie, Simeon Havens,
James David ; School Inspectors, James I. David,
two years, John Keith, one year ; Constables, Alex-
ander Reaum, Simeon Jones, Allen Smith, Thomas
S. Pattie ; Poor Directors, Antoine Mettie, David
Keith ; Assessors, James David, James Griffin.

1845. Supervisor, Harry Sanders; Clerk, Orin
David ; Treasurer, Henry Brevoort, Jr ; Justice of
the Peace, Thomas Lewis ; Highway Commission-
ers, James David, James H. Stimson, Elijah
Lathrop ; School Inspector, Henry I. Alvord ;
Overseers of the Poor, Simeon Havens, Angus Keith;
Constables, Allen Smith, Isaac Gambia, Alex.
Reaume.

1322

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1846. Supervisor, Giles B. Slocum ; Clerk, Jos-
eph Tierce ; Treasurer and Justice of the Peace,
James H. Stimson ; School Inspector, James J.
David ; Highway Commissioners, James H. Stim-
son, Elijah Lathrop, Angus Keith ; Assessors,
James David, Joseph Pierce ; Overseers . of the
Poor, Thomas Lewis, Harry Sanders ; Constables,
Alex. Reaume, Joshua Conrad, Alfred Rumsey,
Eli Kellogg.

1847. Supervisor, Giles B. Slocum; Clerk,
Henry Brevoort, Jr., Treasurer, John W. Keith;
Highway Commissioners, Augustus Britton (one
year), Jesse Jaquith (2 years), Horace Gray (3
years); Overseers of the Poor, John Ballard, James
Campbell ; Constables, Charles F. Conrad, Collin
P. Jaquith, Louis Titus, S. F. R. Barnum.

1848. Supervisor, Giles B. Slocum ; Clerk and
Treasurer, John W. Keith ; Justice of the Peace,
James David ; Highway Commissioners, Henry
Raynard ; School Inspector, James I. David ; As-
sessors, Thomas Lewis, Henry Raymond ; Poor
Directors, Thomas Lewis, Henry N. Eastman ;
Constables, Isaac Bates, James Campbell, Henry
N. Eastman, George Fray.

1849. Supervisor Horace Gray; Clerk, James
J. David ; Treasurer, John W. Keith ; Justices of
the Peace, Thomas Lewis, Jesse Jaquith; Highway
Commissioner, James H. Stimson ; School Inspect-
or, Charles Fox ; Poormasters, Thomas Lewis, H.
N. Eastman ; Assessors, John A. Rucker, Francis
C. Stagg ; Constables, Henry N. Eastman ; Alex.
Reaume, Charles F. Reaume, Isaac Bates.

1850. Supervisor, Harry Sanders ; Clerk, James
I. David; Treasurer, John W. Keith; Justice of
the Peace, James David ; Assessors, Giles B. Slo-
cum, John A. Rucker ; Highway Commissioners,
Horace Gray, Nathaniel C. Alvord ; Overseers of
the Poor, Thomas Lewis, Henry N. Eastman ;
Constables, Henry N. Eastman, Charles F. Conrad,
Alex. Reaume.

1 85 1. Supervisor. James David ; Clerk, George
B. Truax ; Treasurer, John W. Keith ; Justice of
the Peace, Samuel Kimball ; School Inspector,
Charles W. Beadle ; Highway Commissioner, John
W. Keith ; Assessors, John A. Rucker, Giles B.
Slocum ; Poormasters, Thomas Lewis, Jesse
Jaquith ; Constables, Alexander Reame, Charles F.
Conrad. William Rankin, Alfred Rumsey.

1852. Supervisor, Thom^is Lewis; Clerk, James
I. David ; Treasurer, John W. Keith ; Justice of the
Peace, Jonathan Hudson; School Inspector, C. C.
Nichols ; Highway Commissioner, F. S. Conrad ;
Assessors, John A Rucker. James I. David ; Poor-
masters, J. I. David, T. Lewis ; Constables, Wm.
Gripman, Alex. Reaume, A. Rumsey.

1853. Supervisors, James I. David ; Clerk A. L.
Bird ; Treasurer, Thomas G. Limbocker ; Justice of

the Peace, Thomas Lewis ; Highway Commission-
er, Joseph Bates, Chas. Groh ; School Inspector, J.
Hudson; Poormasters, J. Jaquith, T. Lewis; Con-
stables, Alex. Reaume, C. C. Nichols, Isaac Strong.
Wm. Gripman.

1854. Supervisor, James I. David ; Clerk, Leroy
Burt; Treasurer, A. L. Bird; Justice of the Peace,
N. C. Alvord ; School Inspector, Moses H Hunter ;
Highway Commissioners, F. S Conrad (3 years).
Chas. Groh (i year); Poor Directors, J. Hudson,
Jesse Jaquith ; Constables, Alex. Reaume. Isaac
Bates, Wm. McLeod, Wm. Conrad.

1855. Supervisor, Thomas Lewis ; Clerk, L. H.
Burt ; Treasurer, A. L. Bird ; Justice of the Peace,
Charles Conrad; School Inspector, J. Hudson;
Highway Commissioner, David Keith ; Poormas-
ters, J. I. David, F. C. Stagg ; Constables, Charles
Bird, Josh Conrad, I. Bates, H. W. IMlIlspaugh.

1856. Supervisor, Harry Sanders ; Clerk, L. H.
Burt ; Treasurer, A. L. Bird ; Justices of the Peace,
Dallas Norvell, James H. Pringle ; Highway Com-
missioners, N. C, Alvord ; Poormasters, T. C.
Stagg, David Keith ; Constables, A. H. Phelps,
Josh Conrad, Cady Neff, T, D. Pearl.

1857. Supervisor, James Campbell ; Clerk, Wil-
liam Davis ; Treasurer, A. L. Bird ; Justices of the
Peace, T. F. Broadhead, Leroy H. Burt ; School
Inspector, J. Hudson ; Poor Directors, F. C. Stagg,
David Keith ; Highway Commissioner, F. S. Con-
rad ; Constables, Joshua Conrad, Alfred Rumsey,
David Reaume, Emery Potter.

1858. Supervisor, James Campbell ; Clerk, Wil-
liam Park ; Treasurer, A. L. Bird ; Justices of the
Peace, Jonathan Hudson, A. L. Bird ; Overseers of
the Poor, Nicholas Kittle, Giles B. Slocum ; High-
way Commissioner, David Keith ; School Inspector,
Ira Davis ; Constables, Daniel Reaume, S. H.
Chamberlain, S. C Richards, Joshua Conrad.

1^59. Supervisor, Dallas Norvell ; Clerk, William
Park ; Treasurer, Thomas G. Limbocker ; Justice
of the Peace, Charles F. Conrad ; Highway Com-
missioner, Andrew P. Lathrop; Overseers of the
Poor, James Ira David, Nicholas Kittle ; School In-
spector, Jonathan Hudson ; Constables, Samuel
Richards, Samuel H. Chamberlain, Daniel B.
Reaume, David P. Baxter.

i860 Supervisor, Wm. Ives ; Clerk. Samuel C.
Richards ; Treasurer, Thomas G. Limbocker ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, T. F. Brodhead ; School Inspec-
tor, John Ballard ; Poor Directors, Wm. Cleveland,
Nicholas Kittle; Constables, S. C. Richard, A.
Ruby, A. Reaume, R. Girard.

1 861. Supervisor, William Ives; Clerk, Samuel
C. Richards ; Treasurer, Thomas G. Limbocker ;
Justice of the Peace, Michael Flynn ; School In-
spectors, Jonathan Hudson, John Ballard ; High-
land Commissioner, Dallas Norvell ; Poor Directors,

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION- AND OFFICERS.

132.1

James I. David, Wm. Gripman ; Constables, George
Conrad, Raphael Girard, Alexander Reaume, Al-
fred Rumsey.

1862. Supervisor, Wm. Ives; Clerk, John Sim-
mons ; Treasurer, T. G Limbocker. C. H. Sanders
and John Simmons, each part of a year ; Justices of the
Peace, Dallas Norvell, S. D. Curtis ; Overseers of
the Poor, Raphael Girard, Cady Neff ; Highway
Commissioner, Andrew P. Lathrop ; School In-
spector, John A. Rucker ; Constables, David Vogt,
Alex. Reaume, Charles Conrad, Alfred Plumb.

1863 Supervisor, Wm. Ives; Clerk, John Sim-
mons ; Treasurer, A. Mcllhenny ; Justices of the
Peace, Anthony Dudgeon. Charles F. Conrad ;
School Inspector, A. P. Lathrop ; Highway Com-
missioners, John A. Rucker, Raphael Girard ; Over-
seers of the Poor, John Simmons, Raphael Girard ;
Constables, James Hook, Alex. Reaume, Charles
Conrad, Alfred Plumb.

1864. Supervisor, Dallas Norvell ; Clerk, David
Vogt ; Treasurer, John Simmons ; Justice of the
Peace, S. D. Curtis; Highway Commissioner, An-
thony Dudgeon; School Inspector, A. Dudgeon;
Overseers of the Poor, Raphael Girard, Harry
Sanders ; Constables, Alex. Reaume, Frederick
Vogt, Edward C. Button, James McGlade.

1865. Supervisor, Dallas Norvell; Clerk, Daniel
Reaume, Jr.; Treasurer, John Simmons ; Justice of
the Peace, Michael Flynn ; School Inspector, A. P.
Lathrop; Highway Commissioner, A. P. Lathrop;
Poor Masters, Harry Sanders, Raphael Girard ;
Constables, Alfred Rumsey, Raphael Girard, James
McGlade, Alex. Rumsey.

1866. Supervisor, Dallas Norvell; Clerk, Daniel
Reaume ; Treasurer, John Simmons ; Justice of the
Peace, Anthony Dudgeon, Harry Sanders ; High-
way Commissioner, Raphael Girard ; School In-
spectors, Anthony Dudgeon ; Poor Directors,
Raphael Girard, Harry Sanders; Constables,
Alex. Reaume, George Spavin, Francis Vogt, Chas.
Cahoon.

1867. Supervisor, William Ives; Clerk, Alexan-
der Mcllhenny ; Treasurer, John Simmons ; Justice
of the Peace, Wm J. Duddleson; School Inspec-
tor, A. F. Lathrop ; Highway Commissioner, W. S.
Biddle ; Poor Directors, Harry Sanders, Charles
Groh ; Constables, Wm. Smith, Francis Vogt,
Chas. Cahoon, Sylvester Hinds.

1868. Supervisor, William Ives ; Clerk, Nathan-
iel L. Willard and A. Mcllhenny, each part of
year; Treasurer, John Simmons; Justices of the
Peace, Jonathan Hudson, Michael Flynn; High-
way Commissioner, Andrew P. Lathrop ; Poor Di-
rectors, Harry Sanders, Raphael Girard; School
Inspector, John A. Rucker; Constables, Alex.
Reaume, Alex. Nicholson, John Moore, George
Spavin.

1869. Supervisor, John Clee ; Clerk, H. B. Hud-
son ; Treasurer, Thomas G. Limbocker ; Justice of
the Peace, John Smith ; School Inspector, J. Hud-
son, George Crook ; Overseers of the Poor , Cady
Neff, James Chase ; Highway Commissioner, E. T.
Slocum ; Constables, David Sample, Alex. Nichol-
son, Lafayette Veo, V. B. Eastman.

1870. Supervisor, John Clee; Clerk, Nathan
Neff ; Treasurer, Thomas G. Limbocker ; Justice
of the Peace, James Ira David ; School Inspector,
Jonathan Hudson ; Highway Commissioner, James
H. Vreeland ; Overseers of the Poor, James Chase,
Cady Neff; Constables, Sylvester Hinds, Joseph
Jombo, Alexander Nicholson, Moses Perry.

1 87 1. Supervisor, James I. David ; Clerk, New-
ton W. Dewey ; Treasurer, John Simmons ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Harry H. Sanders ; School In-
spectors, Leonard W. Martin ; Highway Commis-
sioner, William Skipper; Drain Commissioner,
James Welch ; Poor Masters, John Ballard, Sr ,
Nicholas Maus ; Constables, John Anglim, Frank
Vogt, Eli Rushw^ay, Chas. Walters.

1872. Supervisor, Alvin A.Turner; Clerk, Dan-
iel Reame; Treasurer, Thomas G. Limbocker;
Justice of the Peace, Michael Flynn ; School In-
spector, Wm. Ives ; Poor Masters, Nicholas Maus,
Charles W^alters ; Highway Commissioner, Wm. S.
Biddle ; Constables, John Anglim, A. Jones, Alex-
ander Lebeau, Alexander Nicholson.

1873. Supervisor, James H. Vreeland; Clerk,
Richard A. Foy; Treasurer, Cady Neff; Justices of
the Peace, John S. Smith, Jonathan Hudson. Hi-
ram Benedict ; Highway Commissioner, Wm. But-
ler ; School Inspector, N. C. Alvord ; Drain Com-
missioner, Abraham Helfrich ; Poor Directors,
Loran Campbell, Joseph Stephens ; Constables,
Alexander Lebeau, George Small, Thomas Fitzpat-
rick, Alexander Goodall.

1874. Supervisor, James H. Vreeland; Clerk,
John Edward Hall ; Treasurer Cady Neff ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Anthony Dudgeon, Ashail L.
Bird ; Highway Commissioners, John C. Alvord,
Wm. E. Skipper; School Inspector, Arthur Ed-
wards; Drain Commissioner, Wm. Ives; Consta-
bles, John Anglim, Chas C. Bird, George Small,
Alexander Lebeau; Poor Master, Robert Hillings

1875. Supervisor, Daniel Reaume; Clerk, John
E. Hall ; Treasurer, Joseph Stephens ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, Wellington Carleton ; School
Inspector, Robert Cooper ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Anthony Dudgeon; Drain Commissioner,
James Walsh ; Justice of the Peace, George W.
Crook; Constables, Alexander Nicholson, George
Small, George Baker, Joseph Brow.

1876. Supervisor, Daniel Reaume; Clerk, Wm.
Templeton; Treasurer, Wm Sanders, Jr.; High-
way Commissioner, George Bailey ; Justices of the

nn

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Peace, Horace Gray, Robert Cooper ; Superintend-
ent of Schools, Wellington Carleton ; School In-
spectors, Frank T. Cullver; Drain Commissioner,
George Bailey; Constables, Alexander Lebeau,
Joseph Brow, George Spavin, Abiathar Jones.

1877. Supervisor, Wm. J. Duddleson ; Clerk,
George W. Housen ; Treasurer, Wellington Carle-
ton; Justices of the Peace, Charles K. Truax, L.
W. Martin ; Highway Commissioner, Simeon Lura;
Drain Commissioner, Sylvester D. Hinds ; Super-
intendent of Schools, Wm. R. Smith ; School In-
spector, Charles H. Sanders; Constables, Alex.
Nicholson, John Carline, A. H. Phelps, George
Small.

1878. Supervisor, Wm. J. Duddleson ; Clerk,
Peter Hausman ; Treasurer, George Morrow ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Patrick Coleman Wm. Rankin ;
Superintendent of Schools, Freedom E. Church ;
School Inspector, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Highway
Commissioner, Daniel Bentley; Drain Commis-
sioner, Emory Potter ; Constables, A. H. Phelps,
Alexander Bellisle, Joseph Pelkey.

1879. Supervisor, James H. Vreeland ; Clerk,
Richard A. Foy; Treasurer, Abraham Helfrich;
Justices of the Peace, John S. Smith, P. H. Cole-
man, James Chase ; A. S. Root ; Superintendent
of Schools, J. P. Anderson; School Inspector,
James H. Pringle ; Highway Commissioner, L. D.
Rucker ; Constables, Jacob Reigher, George Brow,
Byron Moore, Peter Pittman

1880. Supervisor, Wm. J. Duddleson; Clerk,
James Collins; Treasurer, George Morrow; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Thomas J. Duddleson ; Super-
intendent of Schools, Newton W. Dewey ; School
Inspector, Wm. Sanders. Jr.; Highway Commis-
sioner, Daniel D. Bentley'; Drain Commissioner,
George Bailey; Constables, Alexander Nicholson,
John Dougherty, Samuel Boyer, Sr., William
Soper.

1 88 1. Supervisor, John Clee ; Clerk, Richard A.
Foy; Treasurer, George Morrow; Justice of the
Peace, James Chase; Superintendent of Schools,
EttieGray; School Inspector, Fred. P. Anderson;
Highway Commissioner, George Bailey; Consta-
bles, George Small, Sr., Joseph Brow, John Jombo,
Alexander Nicholson.

1882. Supervisor, Louis Groh; Clerk, Richard
A. Foy ; Treasurer, Michael C. Coyle ; Justice of
the Peace, John A. Rucker; Highway Commis-
sioner, Michael F. Martin ; Drain Commissioner,
Charles H. Sanders ; School Inspector, Ettie Gray;
Constables, Barnes Moore, Edward Roahelian,
Joseph Brow Michael F. Martin, Jr.

1883. Supervisor, Lewis Groh; Clerk, Wm. E.
Scrafford; Treasurer, John Simmons; Justice of
the Peace, George W. Crook ; Highway Commis-
sioner, George Bailey ; School Inspector, Homer

B. Henderson ; Constables, Daniel D. Bentley,
George Small, Thomas Smith, Frank McConnell.

1884. Supervisor, Louis Groh; Clerk, Wm. E.
Scrafford ; Treasurer, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Justice of
the Peace, John S. Smith ; School Inspectors, Robert
B. Burrill, Robert Cooper; Drain Commissioner,
Samuel T. Hendricks ; Highway Commissioner,
George Bailey; Constables, Michael Collins, Levi
Vogt, George Spavins, Thomas Smith.

1885. Supervisor, Louis Groh; Clerk, Richard
A. Foy; Treasurer, Wm. Sanders Jr.; Justice of
the Peace, D. S. Hibbard ; Highway Commissioner,
Giles Bates ; Drain Commissioner, M. T. Martin ;
School Inspectors, C.J. Williams, Ettie Gray ; Con-
stables, Joseph Peltier, Levi Vogt, D.'D. Bentley,
John Dumer.

1886. Supervisor, Louis Groh; Clerk, Wm. San-
ders, Jr.; Treasurer. Alfred Bailey ; Justice of the
Peace, John A. Rucker ; Highway Commissioner,
John Anglim; Drain Commissioner, Daniel D.
Bentley ; School Inspectors, John Moore ; Con-
stables, William Cada, George Small, Joseph And-
erson.

1887. Supervisor, James H. Vreeland; Clerk,
Charles H. Kimberk ; Treasurer, George W. Crook ;
Justices of the Peace, Isaac C. Sanders, Nathan
Neff; Highway Commissioner, John Anglim;
School Inspector, Ettie Gray; Constables, Levi Vogt,
Charles Labeau, Thomas Smith, John Bradshaw,
David Sample, Octave Mitchell.

1888. Supervisor, Louis Groh ; Clerk, J. C. Arm-
strong ; Treasurer, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Justice of the
Peace, Gilbert Judkins ; Highway Commissioner, D.
D. Bentley; Constables, J. S. Bentley, John Brad-
shaw, Daniel Sample, Octave Mitchell.

1889. Supervisor, Louis Groh; Clerk, Nicholas
Maus; Treasurer, Wm. Sanders; Highway Com-
missioner, W. F. Butler; Drain Commissioner, B.
Barton ; School Inspector, Etta Gray ; Constables,
GeorgQ Spavin, G. Beadle, J. McComb, Louis
Reaume ; Justices of the Peace, John Todd, S. T.
Hendricks.

1890. Supervisor, Louis Groh; Clerk, N. A.
Maus; Treasurer, A. R. Kemp; Justice of the
Peace, Wm. Sanders Jr.; Highway Corhmissioner,
John Anglim; School Inspector, J. C. Saunders;
Board of Review, E. Cady ; Constables, D. Vogt,
J. McComb. O. Mitchell, S. Brow.

TRENTON.

This village is located on fractional townships 1 8
and 19 of Town 4, South of Range 11 East. It is
on the line of the Canada Southern Branch of the
M. C. R. R., and is located on the highest ground
along the Detroit. It was first laid out by A. C.
Truax in 1834, and was then called Truaxton, and
subsequently Truago In 1850 a new plat of the

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1325

same site was recorded under the name of Trenton.
It was incorporated by Act of February 10, 1855,
but exactly two years after, on February 10, 1857,
the Act was repealed. It was again incorporated on
April 22, 1875. The bounds of the village under
the last Act are as follows : Commencing at the
extreme north end of Slocum's Island on the Detroit
river, and running west to the line of the Detroit,
Toledo & Canada Southern Railroads ; thence
northerly along the east line of said railroads to the
center of George Street as extended, and thence
east along the center of George Street to the Detroit
river.

By Act of 1875 the first election was to be held
at the school-house on the second Monday of March,
1876, and John Clee, Wm. J. Duddleson and John
Simmons were appointed to act as inspectors of
election, which was duly held. 190 votes polled, and
the following officers elected: President, Wm. J.
Duddleson ; Trustees for one year, Frank Burk,
Moses Perry, E. Cady ; Trustees for two years. Wm.
Yakeley, James Baker, R. T. Burrin ; Clerk, Arthur
W. Turner ; Treasurer, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Assessor,
Gilbert A. Judkins ; Street Commissioner, Wm.
Rankin ; Constable, Abiathar Jones.

The first meeting of the village board was held
March 23, 1876. In June it was ordered to have a
survey and map of the village made by Col. H. A.
Wood. Wm. J. Duddleson, Wm. Yakeley and E.
Cady were appointed a committee on public build-
ings and grounds.

The officers since 1876 have been as follows:

1877. President, Wm. J. Duddleson; Trustees,
Clarence H. Willard, E. Cady. Daniel Haight ; Clerk,
George W. Housen ; Treasurer, Wm. Sanders, Jr.;
Street Commissioner, Michael Martin ; Assessor,
Gilbert A. Judkins ; Constable, Alex. Lebeau, Sr.

1878. President, Wm. J. Duddleson; Trustees,
Theophilus Godbout, Loren Campbell, Wm. Yake-
ley ; Clerk, Richard A. Foy ; Treasurer, Wm. San-
ders, Jr.; Assessor, Addison David ; Street Com-
missioner, Michael Martin ; Constable, George
Small.

1879. President, Wm. J. Duddleson; Trustees,
George Morrow, E. Cady, Joseph Veo ; Clerk, Peter
Hausman ; Treasurer, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Assessor,
David Bentley; Constable, Gilbert J. Potter; Street
Commissioner, Emory Potter.

1880. President, Wm. Park ; Trustees, Wm. J.
Duddleson, Mark W. Jaquith, James Chase, Cady
Neff; Clerk, Richard A. Foy; Treasurer, George
W. Cook ; Assessor, Arthur W. Turner ; Street
Commissioner, Emory Potter; Constable, D. D.
Bentley.

1881. President, John Clee; Clerk, R. A. Foy;
Trustees, J. C. Willis. J. S. Smith, Cady Neff ;
Treasurer, George W. Crook ; Assessor, Daniel D.

Bentley; Street Commissioner, Michael F. Martin;
Constable, Edward Perring.

1882. President, Wm. J. Duddleson; Clerk,
Richard A. Foy ; Treasurer, George W. Crook ;
Trustees, Wm. Sanders, Jr., E. Cady, Charles H.
Sanders ; Street Commissioner, Michael F. Martin ;
Constable, B. Moore.

1883. President, James Chase; Clerk, Richard
A. Foy; Trustees, Nathan Neff, Wm Yakeley, John
C. Nellis, Mark W. Jaquith ; Treasurer, George W.
Crook ; Street Commissioner, Daniel D. Bentley ;
Assessor, Alexander Nicholson ; Constable, William
Moore.

1884. President, Wm. Sanders Jr.; Clerk,
Richard A. Foy; Treasurer, Alfred Bailey; Trus-
tees, Maynard S. Lowe, John Anglim, John
Schenck ; Assessor, John Simmons, Jr.; Street
Commissioner, Wm. J. Duddleson; Constable, Levi
Vogt.

1885. President, Wm. Sanders. Jr.; Clerk,
Richard A. Foy; Treasurer, Alfred Bailey; Trus-
tees, Jacob Reiger, Wm. Kamlein, Nicholas Maus ;
Assessor, Wm. Yakeley ; Street Commissioner, Wm.
J. Duddleson ; Constable. Levi Vogt.

1886. President, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Clerk, May-
nard S. Lane ; Treasurer George W. Crook ;
Trustees, Loran Campbell, Wm. T. Yakeley, A. E.
Jenke ; Assessor, Charles B. Stokes ; Street Com-
missioner, John Anglim ; Constable, Levi Vogt.

1887. President, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Clerk, May-
nard S. Lane ; Treasurer, George W. Crook ; Trus-
tees, Jacob Reiger, Frank Burke, Ira Vickery ; As-
sessor, David D. Bentley ; Street Commissioner,
David L. Fuller ; Constable, Levi Vogt.

1888. President, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Clerk, John
C. Armstrong ; Treasurer, Hiram Holden ; Trus-
tees, Joseph Lura, Maurice Lake, Wm. Kamlein,
John A. McKimmie ; Assessors, Nathan Neff ;
Street Commissioner, John Anglim ; Constable,
Levi Vogt.

1889. President, William Sanders, Jr.; Clerk,
Seward R. Thornton; Treasurer, George W. Crook;
Trustees. Jacob Reiger, Loran Campbell, Ira Vick-
ery ; Assessor, Nathan Neff ; Street Commissioner,
John Anglim ; Constable, John McCourt.

1890. President, Wm. Sanders, Jr.; Clerk, W. F.
Sanders ; Treasurer G. W. Crook ; Trustees, N. A.
Maus, J. Baker, Amos Abbott ; Assessor, A. R.
Kemp ; Street Commissioner, John Anglim ; Con-
stable, John McCourt

The assessed valuation of property as reported
to the Common Council on June 6, 1S88, w^as, real,
$151,915; personal, $29,150; total. $181,065. A
tax of one-fourth of one per cent, was levied for
the year, and during the month of June the village
purchased Lot 36, Block Q, on the corner of Wash-

1326

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

ington Avenue and Maple Street for the sum of
$500 with a view of erecting a building for the use
of the village.

There are two public school buildings valued at
$2,000, with a seating capacity for 350 scholars.
Three teachers are employed, and the average daily
attendance of scholars in 1888 was 168. The num-
ber of children of school age was 445. " The
School Visitor," published in the interest of the
schools, has been published since October, 1886. It
is issued monthly at thirty-five cents a year, and is
a readable little sheet.

The Trenton Lodge of the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, No. 33, w^as organized December
24, 1847, and Trenton Lodge, No. 8, of the Free
and Accepted Masons, in 1855. The population in
1880 was 1,103.

This village has been one of the most important
ship-building points on the Detroit River, and many
vessels that have gone into marine history as models
of their kind were constructed here. Among the
leading ship-yards between 1866 and 1874 was the
establishment of Captain A. A. Turner. He built
some thirty-five or forty vessels, ranging in value
from $25,000 to $60,000 each. Eighteen of these
were steam vessels, among which was the ill-fated
"Amazon," at that time one of the largest and
staunchest crafts on the lakes. The " Chief Justice
Waite," the " Morning Star," the " A. A. Turner "
were also built in his yards. At one time he em-
ployed 350 men, and had as many as five vessels on
the stocks at one time. These were the palmy days
of Trenton, over a million and a half dollars worth
of vessels being built within eight years. The panic
of 1873 brought disaster to the business. The
ship-yard of John Craig was removed from Gibral-
tar to Trenton in 1863, where it has since been
maintained.

The Trenton Mills were built in 1848 by Abbott
& David on Section 18, near the present north lim-
its of the village, and after passing through the
hands of Judkin & David, and Slocum & Truax,
was purchased by John Clee in 1866, and in 1879
moved to their present location in the west end of
the village near the depots. The mill formerly had
four run of stone, but it was converted into an
all-roller process mill in 1885, with a capacity of
125 or more barrels It is both a merchant and
custom mill. .

St. TAomas's Protestant Episcopal Church

Was organized December 10, 1842. Major
Truax donated the lot and a church building, to
which has since been added a lot for a parsonage,
donated on April 18, 1876, by Charles K. Truax,
the total valuation of which is $2,000. The church
was erected in the summer of 1843, and the pews

were first rented on September 16, 1843. As near
as can be ascertained, Rev. Charles Fox served as
missionary rector from September, 1843, and was
regularly called June, 1845, continuing in charge
until 1853, when he was succeeded by Rev R.
Bury. From 1857 to June 23,1867, Kev. Milton
H. Ward was in charge and from June 30 1867,
to March 2, 1868, Rev. Josiah Phelps. Rev. S.
Williams served from June 28. 1868, to June 27,
1869; Rev. Levi Corson from October 10, 1869. to
July 10, 1870.; Rev. H. Banwell, from October 25,
1870, to December 27, 1874; Rev. G. W. Blood-
good from May 2, 1875, ^o 1887, and Rev. Wni.
Charles from 1887 to . The present mem-

bership of the church is about thirty-five. The
clergyman in charge also conducts services at the
churches on Grosse Isle and at Wyandotte.

Methodist Episcopal Church,

A Methodist class meeting was formed at this
locality as early as 1829, and the place was visited
by the ministers appointed in charge of what was
called the Huron Mission. The ministers who
came here during that period were: 1 829-1 830,
Rev. Leonard B. Gurley; 1833, Rev. W. H. Brock-
way; 1834-1835, Rev. A. Buckles, Rev. Elias Pat-
tee; 1836 to 1837, Rev. W. H. Brockway, Rev.
Charles Babcock; 1838, Rev. W. H. Brockway.
A church was organized in 1843. The church lot
was donated by Major Truax, and the building,
which will seat 200, was first used in 1845 or 1846.
When first organized there were eleven members ;
there are now sixty-four. The church building is
valued at $2,000 and the parsonage at $r,ooo. The
following have served as pastors: 1843, Rev. R.
Pengelley; 1844. Rev. George King; 1848, Rev.
K.Bird; 1849, Rev. J. S. Smart; 1850, Rev. Alex-
ander Campbell; 1851, Rev. S. C. Woodward;
1852-1853, Rev. Lorenzo D. Price; 1854-1855,-
Rev. J. F. Davidson; 1856, Rev. D. C. Jacokes;
1857, Rev. A. J. Bigelow ; 1858, Rev. D. C. Jacokes;
1859-1860, Rev. Wm- Benson; 1861-1862. Rev. S.
L. Ramsdell; 1863, Rev. A. Edwards. Jr.; 1864,
Rev. B. S. Taylor; 1865, Rev. Jacob Horton ; "^^^^^
1867, Rev. J. F. Dorey; 1868- 1869, Rev. C. W.
Austin; 1870-1871, Rev. J. Frazer; 1872, Rev. J.
H. McClure; 1873-1874, Rev. J. W. Crippen ;
1875-1876, Rev. James H. Kilpatrick ; 1877-1878,
Rev. H. N. Brown; 1879, Rev. A. W. Wilson;
1880-1881, Rev. J. R. Noble; 1882, Rev. R. S.
Jordon; 1883, Rev. W. R. Jordon ; 1884-1886,
Rev. J. M. Shank; 1 887-1 888, Rev. John Wesley.

St, Joseph's Roman Catholic Church
Was organized about 1865, with some forty
families. Some ten years later the congregation
built a church at a cost of $2,500. The present

//////.',. // ' ^^'^^'/<'

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1327

membership is i 50 families. They have never had
any regular pastor, mission service being- held from
time to time by pastors from Detroit, Ecorce and
Wyandotte.

St. Johns P. E. Church, Grosse Isle.

This society was organized on April 21, 185 1.
The lot was donated, and the church, costing
about $1,300, was erected soon after the society
was organized. It will seat 100. Rev. Charles
Fox was its first rector, and was succeeded by the
Rev. M. H. Ward. Rev. Moses Hunter, Rev. Rich
Bury, and others, at intervals until 1873. when the
Rev. Henry Banwell became rector. On October
24, 1875, the Rev. George W. .Bloodgood was ap-
pointed rector, and remained as such for over
twelve years, holding his last service August 28,
1887. The present rector, the Rev. William
Charles, held his first service in the parish October
16, 1887

St. James's P. E. Church, Grosse Isle.

1 his society was organized in 1867. The chapel
was erected by \\"m. S Biddle on grounds belong-
ing to his brother It cost about $5,000, will seat
250, and was held as private property for a number
of years It was finally donated to the diocese by

Mr. Biddle. There are thirty-five communicants. It
is cared for by the rector of Trenton

Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church, Grosse Isle.

This society occupies a building worth $500,
which was originally a dwelling, and will seat 100.
It was first used about 1870 Services were con-
ducted by priests from Wyandotte, Ypsilanti and
Ecorce. There are perhaps thirty Catholic families
in the parish.

SIBLEY'S STATION.

This station, located on the Canada Southern
Branch of the M. C. R. R.. is named after F. B.
Sibley, who owns and operates an extensive lime-
stone quarry at this point, and has done so for
many years.

slocum's junction.

This name is given to the place where a branch
of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Rail-
road crosses the Canada Southern Branch of the
Michigan Central Railroad, and goes to Fayette.
It is named after Elliott T. Slocum who inherited
from his father, Giles B. Slocum, a large amount
of property lying in the vicinity of this place.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JAMES WOODRUFF CLARK was born near
Catskill-on-the-Hudson, May 4, 1806. His father,
John Clark, was born at Norwich, Connecticut, on
November 14, 1777. On February 2, 1802, he mar-
ried Sally (Person) Clark, who was born at Bruns-
wick^, New York, June i, 1780, and died at Buffalo,
New York, April 18, 18 13. Mr. Clark died in the
township of Brownstown, Wayne County, Michigan.
Their family consisted of George Clark, born March

9, 1804; James Woodruff Clark, born May 4, 1806;
John Person Clark, born April 10, 1808 ; Nelson
Clark, born January 7, 18 10, and Catherine Clark,
born September 8, 181 2 John Clark married his
second wife, Sally Swain, at Buffalo, November 10,
1 813. She was born in Buffalo, October 25, 1786,
and died at Brownstown, in July, 1859 Their
children were : Catherine Clark, born September

10, 1 8 14, Sarah, born January 27, 181 7; Naomi,
born April 7, 1819; Isaac Swain, born May 15,
1821 ; Rebecca Ann, born November i, 1822;
Mary, born October 25, 1823; Eliza Ann, born
May 29, 1825 ; Charles, born November 2, 1826.

Wattrous Clark, the grandfather of James, was
born at Norwich, Connecticut, on June 20, 1742,

and died at that place in 1822. He took an active
part in the Revolutionary War, participating in the
principal battles. He was noted for his daring
conduct, and in recognition of his eminent services
was assigned an officer's pension, which he drew
until his death. His father, John Clark, served
with distinction in the War of 181 2. He was the
Captain of a body of men, known as Saugerties
Rangers, who did much to annoy and harass the
British. The family at that time were living at
Black Rock, near Buffalo, and were stripped of
everything by the enemy. Shortly after the close
of the war, the family removed to Rocky River,
near Cleveland, Ohio, and from thence to Michigan,
in 1 8 19. They lived for a time at Ecorce, and then
in a log house just below Wyandotte. From this
last place the family moved to a farm in Browns-
town. As all his father's possessions had been
swept away in the War of 1812, and as there was
a large family, the three eldest boys, George, James,
and John, helped to support the family. The only
education that James received in his youth was ac-
quired in the district schools, and he worked on the
farm until twenty-three years of age. On October

1328

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

19, 1828, he married Julia Wells. He then rented
a farm on the Huron River, and after living there
for five years he bought a farm in the township of
Taylor, about eight miles west of Wyandotte, and
lived there until 1859. Having then become tired
of farming, he moved to Trenton, where he bought
a home and resided there until his death. He was
an honest, hardworking man, and was eminently
successful as a farmer. The wealth which he had
accumulated enabled him to live in ease and com-
fort when failing health obliged him to give up
w^ork. He loaned out considerable money, and
owned several farms, one in the township of Tay-
lor, one in Brownstown, two in Ecorce, and two in
Monguagon. After suffering long and painfully
for two years, with Bright's disease, he died at
Trenton, on December 24., 1870, and was buried in
Woodmere Cemetery.

Mr. Clark was of a retiring disposition and free
from all personal ambition. He shrank from any-
thing that would bring him into public notice, and
attended strictly to his own affairs. His widow
remains on the old homestead in Trenton, being now
upwards of eighty years old. Their family consisted
of nine daughters and four sons, as follows : George
V. Clark, born August 25, 1830; Martha C, born
May 13, 1832; Emeline, born January 25, 1834;
John H., born November 27, 1835 ; Seth,born July
II, 1837, and died September 26, 1838 ; Sophia M.,
born March 6, 1839; Julia, born February 27, 1841;
Amelia Eliza, born February 24, 1843; Mary
Emily, born February 17, 1845; Woodruff W.,
born January 20, 1847 ; Myra A., born January 20,
1849; Alice L., born January 21, 1851 ; Catherine
April, born April i, 1853, and died October 27,
1864.

JOHN CLEE was born on May 31, 1824 at
Toddington, in the County of Gloucester, England,
and is the second son of John and Martha (Brown-
ing) Clee. His father was born at Ludlow, in the
County of Shropshire, England, on March 28,
1795, in which county his ancestors lived for many
generations, and whose family name was given to a
mountainous range of country, called the Clee
Hills. Some members of the family were in pro-
fessional life, and the elder Mr. Clee was a minister
in the Wesleyan Methodist Church for over forty
years, and until the time of his death, at Chelten-
ham, England, in the sixty-fourth year of his age.
Martha Clee, his wife, was born at Rodborough, in
the County of Gloucester, on October 18, 1799, her
parents and ancestors being engaged in agricultural
pursuits. For seventy years she was a member of
the Wesleyan Methodist Church. She died at
Cheltenham, England, on April 3, 1886, at the age
of eighty-seven.

John Clee, the subject of this sketch, was edu-
cated in private schools of England, and in his
twenty-sixth year started in business for himself,
engaging in mercantile pursuits. In 1850, he was
married to Hannah Fry, daughter of James Fry, a
carver, gilder and picture frame manufacturer, in
the city of Cheltenham, England. They had a
family of four sons and one daughter, of whom
only one, a son named Walter William Clee is liv-
ing. For over thirty years Mr. Clee was engaged in
a general business in the town of Trenton, Michi-
gan. He now controls two large flour mills, one
at Trenton and the other at Detroit, and is also en-
gaged in the manufacture of earth paint materials,
in the city of Wyandotte, Michigan.

In politics Mr. Clee was originally a Whig, of the
Clay school, and has been a Republican ever since
the organization of that party. Although physi-
cally incapacitated to take part in the late Civil
War, he nevertheless gave liberal financial support
to the Union cause. He has long been a member
of the Masonic fraternity, and for over forty years
has been affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal
church. Mr. Clee is a man of democratic tastes
and methods and of a genial disposition. Possess-
ing strong business instincts, his early entrance
into mercantile life has resulted in a most flatter-
ing success. He is in every sense of the word a
self-made man and his life illustrates the fact that
industry and perseverance coupled with honesty
and economy, will bring a substantial and gratify-
ing reward.

ISAAC CALLENDAR SAUNDERS was born
May 14, 1825, and is a son of Harry and Eliza
(Callender) Saunders. The father was born in
1802, and the mother in 1805, and both of them
Were of English ancestry. • The fact that their home
was on the shore of Lake Champlain, had doLiJptless
much to do with the taste that their sons Phineas
and Isaac both had for life on the lakes.

The father, Harry Saunders, was well known as
a public-spirited citizen, active in political life, and
especially prominent in the State militia, both in
New York and Michigan. He emigrated to Michi-
gan in 1832, and in 1839 served as representative in
the State Legislature.

His commission as Captain in the 20th Regiment
of New York Cavalry, in 1825, bears the signature
of the eminent Governor De Witt Clinton, and in
Michigan he held commissions as Colonel from
Governors Mason, Barry and Felch. In 1854 he
was appointed by Governor Parsons, Brigadier Gen-
eral of the first brigade, first division of the militia
of Michigan.

Isaac C. Saunders attended the district school
until about fifteen years of age, when he com-

^^Pi^

0^ CC EA^ C^ y^CtA.<^ri'^:^f^^^^^^^^

MONGUAGON TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1329

menced to care for himself. He served for a brief
period on the steamboat " Macomb," commanded
by S. F. Atwood, then running on Lake Erie, and
in the winter was employed in Barclay's iron foun-
dry, and in the summer was again sailing on one of
the lake boats, spending the succeeding winter in
the Michigan Central engineering shops, then
located in Detroit, where the City Hall now stands.
By these methods, followed through several years,
he obtained both a theoretical and practical knowl-
edge of engines and boilers, became an expert in
their construction and management, and was soon
well known as a marine engineeer and machinist.

His thorough knowledge of his business coupled
with his methodical habits and irreproachable con-
duct, caused his services to be always in demand,
and he was always sure of a position, and served
on a large number of steamboats including the old
" Southern Michigan," and the "Arrow."

During the War with the South he was able to
render valuable service to the Government, enlisting
in 1863, under Quartermaster Arthur Edwards, the
Master Machinist and Chief Engineer of the gov-
ernment fleet on the Tennessee river, and held this
position with entire satisfaction to the government,
remaining until the fall of Richmond rendered the
fleet no longer necessary.

After his return to his home in Trenton he con-
tinued his former occupation, one of the last trips
he made professionally being on the screw wheel
steamer Algoma, commanded by Captain Kirby,
which he took to Mackinaw w^here it was to serve
as the first railroad ferry between Point St. Ignace
and old Mackinaw.

Under appointment from President Cleveland he
served as Deputy Collector of Customs, at Trenton,
and is at present Justice of the Peace, for Trenton,
and the township of Monguagon. Politically he is a
Democrat, and undoubtedly went into the war and
came from the war as truly a War Democrat as any
who enlisted. He is a member of the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, having passed through all the
chairs in the Trenton Lodge, and has served repeat-
edly as a delegate to the Grand Lodge. He is also
connected with the Knights of Honor. Religiously
his sympathies are more particularly with the
Methodist Episcopal church, and his character and
manner is such that it would be easy to believe
that he practiced most, if not all, of the Christian
virtues. Unassuming, sympathetic, conscientious,
and considerate, he is worthy of the esteem in which
he is held.

He was married in 1851 to Eflen A. Stout, a
native of Pennsylvania; she died in 1874, and is
buried in Woodmere Cemetery.

They had five children, Harry D., born in 1852,
died in 1872; Eva A., born in 1852, married Cap-

tain John Duddleson and died in 1876; Charles C,
born in 1855, died in infancy; Flora C, born in
i8$6, now the wife of ^W. J. Keeney ; and Edith
Ruth, born in 1867.

PHINEAS EARLL SAUNDERS was born at
Whithall, Washington County, New York, January
4, 1824. He was the eldest son of Harry and Eliza
C. Saunders, whose home was on the shores of
the beautiful Lake Champlain. At the age of
eleven, he removed with his parents to Michigan,
and settled at Truago, now Trenton, then an
almost unbroken forest. His educational advan-
tages were meagre, for, at the age of sixteen, after
the death of his mother, his father placed him as
an apprentice in the machine shop of Stebbins
Brothers, at Maumee, where he learned the trade
of machinist and engineer, which pursuit he fol-
lowed on land and water for a number of years.
He was for a long time in the employ of the De-
troit, Toledo. Sandusky and Cleveland line of
steamers, acting as chief engineer of the steamers
"John Owen," "Bay City," and "Arrow." His
more than ordinary abilities soon brought him to
the front, and in the year of i860, he was appointed
to the office of United States Inspector of Steam
Vessels, under the administration of James
Buchanan, which office he held until the time of
his death. He was an obliging, faithful and con-
scientious officer, noted for his truthful and honor-
able dealings with all with whom he had business
transactions.

He was married on May 13, 1849, to Clarinda C.
Bill, of Trenton, Michigan. Their only child, a
son, George R., died at the age of one year and two
months.

During the years that he was sailing, his home
was at Trenton, but after his appointment to the
office of Inspector, he resided in Detroit for a num-
ber of years, and then removed to his farm just
south of the village of Trenton, where he lived until
the time of his death. He died on July 24, 1 881, of
cholera morbus, after a short iflness. He was in-
terred in Woodmere Cemetery at Detroit. He was
an Odd Fellow, a member of the Masonic frater-
nity, and had taken the thirty-third degree of the
Scottish Rite. While he never made a public pro-
fession of religion, his preferences and support were
given to the Protestant Episcopal church. He was
ever ready to lend a helping hand to others, and
his good deeds were many. He was universally
liked and respected by all who were brought in con-
tact with him either socially, or through business.
The following tribute is paid to his character and
memory by one of his closest and most intimate
friends : " Reticent by nature, he seldom revealed his
inner thoughts and feelings to others, and while all

^330

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATIOiM AND OFFICERS.

with whom he came in contact found him the same
genial cordial gentleman, it was reserved for the
very few to understand him thoroughly. One of his
strong characteristics was a kindly regard for the
feelings of others, yet he would never sacrifice truth
and justice, and this was especially true in acts per-
taining to his official duties. He was never actu-
ated by impulse, but after carefully weighing' the
merits of a case, he formed his decision, which was
seldom reversed. He was an excellent student of

human nature, and was seldom deceived in his es-
timate of a man even upon short acquaintance.
The true record of his life cannot be written, be-
cause there remains not the wise sayings and bril-
liant orations that mark those whom the world calls
great, but simply the memory of a life full of unos-
tentatious acts of charity and kindness, which only
came to the knowledge of the few who knew him
best."

NANKIN TOW NSH I P.

1 his township created an October 20, 1829. out
of part of what had been the Township of Bucklin,
consists of Town 2, North of Range 9 East. As
it was created out of BuckHn, and as that township
no longer exists, it seems proper to give here the
names of the officers of that township, especially as
the most of them remained in the new Township of
Nankin. The township officers of Bucklin were as
follows :

1827. Supervisor, Marcus Swift ; Clerk, Joseph
Hickox ; Assessors, Joseph Hanchett, Wm. McCar-
ty, Henry Wells, L. G. Hanson, A. Fox ; Collector,
Aaron Thomas; Overseers of the Poor, Joseph
Kingsley, John F. Reupley ; Commissioners of
Highways. George M. Johnston, Elisha Warren,
Harvey Tuttle ; Constables, Aaron Thomas, James
Abbott, Joseph Young; Fence Viewers, James
Bucklin Joel Thomas, Joshua Chamberlin Joseph
Fowler, James Dune, Wm. Hickox, Jr., Wm. Os-
born.

1828. Supervisor. Marcus Swift ; Clerk, Joseph
Hickox ; Assessors, Henry Wells, Thomas Harper,
Joel Thomas; Collector, A. Thomas; Highway
Commissioners, John J. Andrews Wm. Osborne, J.
Thomas ; Overseers of the Poor, John J Reupley,
Jos. Kingsley ; Constables, Jas. Bucklin, Jas Abbott.

1829. Supervisor, Marcus Swift; Clerk, James
F. Chubb ; Assessors, Thomas Harper, Henry
Wells, Joel Thamas; Collector, James Bucklin;
Overseers of the Poor, Jos. Kingsley, J. F. Rupeley ;
Highway Commissioners, Thomas Harper, Wm.
Osband, Wm. Fraser; Constables, J. Abbott, J.
Bucklin, A. Thomas ; School Inspectors. James F.
Chubb. T. Harper, P. Cater, B. F. Fox, }A. Harri-
son.

The first township meeting of Nankin was held
at the house of Henry Wells on the first Monday
of April, 1830. The name was borrowed from the
empire of China, and some interesting facts on this
and other points will be found in Chapter XXII.
The township officers have been as follows. The

name of the Supervisor only can be found for the
years 1830 and 1831, in which years Marcus Swift
was serving ;

1832. Supervisor, Marcus Swift ; Clerk, G. D.
Chubb; Collector. Adolphus Brigham ; Assessors,
James Dunn. Dexter Briggs, Leonard Harrison ;
Overseer of the Poor, Marcus Swift ; Commissioners
of Highways, J Kingsley Timon Downer, Norman
Putnam ; Constables, Reuben Starks, Adolphus
Brigham, Z. H. Hastings,

1833 Supervisor, G D, Chubb ; Clerk, Lamon
A Fowler; Assessors, A. Brigham, N. Eldridge,
V. Wightman ; Collector, A Brigham ; Treasurer,
J. Kingsley ; Poormaster, M. Frazier ; Highway
Commissioners, S. Barker, W. Norris, M Everett ;
School Commissioners, J. Dunn, H. Wells, A I'er-
rin ; Constables, R Starks, A. Brigham.

1834. Supervisor, Adolphus Brigham; Clerk,
Silas Joslin ; Assessors, J. Gunning. H. Durfee, J.
Haynes ; Highway Commissioners, J. Briggs, \^ m.
Hawley, T. Dickerson ; Poormaster^, J. Patterson,
J. Lewis; Collector, N. Tallmadge ; Constables, R.
Starks, N. Tallmadge, Wm. Curtis,

1835. Supervisor, Ammon Brown (he also ap-
pears to have been present as Justice of the Peace);
Clerk, Leonard G. Harrison ; Assessors, S. Bark-
er, R. Campbell, J. D. Corey ; Highway Commis-
sioners, V. Wightman, S. H. Piazard, D. L. Van Au-
kin ; Collector, N. Putnam; Poormasters, W. Nor-
ris, O. Dickinson ; School Commissioners, J. Mason,

C. Newell, V. Wightman ; Constables, N. Putnam,
J. Rhead, N. Blanchard ; School Inspectors, A.
Brown, O. Dickinson, T. Munger, J. Street, D. L.
Van Auken.

1836. Supervisor. Ammon Brown; Clerk. Josiah
Mason; Assessors. V. W^ightman, T. Street. S. H.
Hazard ; Highway Commissioners, Wm. Osbond,

D. L. Van Aukin, V. Wightman ; Poormasters, T.
Dickinson. S. Torbert ; Collector. N. Putman ;
School Commissioner, J. Mason, C. Newell, L. G.
Harrison ; School Inspectors, D. H. Hume, W.

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1331

Edmonds, M. Swift, A. Brown, T. D. Corey; Con-
stables, J. Rhead, N. Putman ; Justices of the
I'eace, A. Brown, E, Deaby, W. Edmonds, M.
Swift.

1837. Supervisor, Ammon Brown; Clerk,
Josiah Mason ; Assessors, W. Norris, E. Straight,
I). L Van Aukin; Collector, J. M. Wightman ;
Poormasters, S. Torbert, E. Straight; Highway
Commissioners, W. White, M. Swift, W. Edmonds;
School Inspectors, J. M. Hume, W. White, D. L.
Van Aukin ; Justice of the Peace, V. Wightman ;
Constables, J M. Wightman, T. Munger, S H.
Collins, S P. Cady.

1838 Supervisor, Glode D. Chubb; Clerk,
Harry Lewis ; Assessors, S. H. Aldrich, B. C. Bun-
nell, T. Munger; Collector, S S Torbert; Poor
Masters, T. Dickerson, James Pattison ; Highway
Commissioners, Wm. Osband, Geo C. Nash, James
Pattison; School Inspectors, Z. Knight, J. M.
Hume, T. Munger ; Justices of the Peace, A. S.
Stevens, S. H. Aldrick ; Constables, S. S. Torbert,
S. P. Cady, N. Blanchard. W. L. Barker.

1839. Supervisor, Morrison Swift; Clerk, Barn-
abas C. Bunnell; Treasurer, J. Mason; Justice of
the Peace, J. Ganong ; Assessors, V. Wightman, J.
D. Corey, A. P.Clark; School Inspectors, A. Brown,
W. Edmonds, O. P. Dresser; Highway Commis-
sioners, D. L Van Auken, J. Clark, W. Norris;
Poor Masters, T. Dickerson, J. Gunong ; Collector,
W. L. Barker ; Constables, A. Beeman, J. M.
Wightman. W. L. Barker, I. Wright.

1840. Supervisor, Volney Wightman; Clerk,
Samuel P. Cady ; Treasurer, J. Mason ; Justice of
the Peace, A. Brown ; Assessors, A. P. Clark, J.
0. Corey, W. Hawley ; Collector, A. Beeman ;
School Inspectors, W. Edmonds, O. P. Dresser, A.
Brown ; Poor Directors, T. Dickerson J. Ganong ;
Highway Commissioners, W Norris D. L. Van
Aukin, J. Powell ; Constables, A Beeman N.
Blanchard.

1 84 1. Supervisor, Samuel P. Cady ; Clerk, Josiah
Mason ; Treasurer, P. Mason ; Justice of the Peace,
A. L. Stevens; Assessors, J Pawson, J. D. Corey,
V. Wightman ; Collector, \V. Edmonds ; School
Inspector, A Brown, O. P. Dresser, D. L. Van Au-
kin ; Poor Directors J. Speers, P. Mason ; Highway
Commissioners, G. Cooper, V. W. Blodgett, A. P.
Clark ; Constables, W. Edmonds, A. Fitzgerald, N.
Blanchard J. Phillips.

1842. Supervisor, Morrison Swift ; Clerk. Samuel
P. Cady ; Treasurer, V. Wightman ; Justice of the
Peace, E. Harvey ; Assessors, A. P. Clark, G
Cooper; School Inspectors, J D. Corey, O. P.
Dresser, A. Brown ; Poor Directors, M. Swift, J
Rhead ; Highway Commissioners, V. Wightman, J
Dawson, G. Cooper; Constables, A. Beeman, A
Brink.

1843. Supervisor, Ammon Brown; Clerk, Barn-
abas C. Bunnell; Treasurer, S. P. Cady; Justice of
the Peace, O P. Dresser ; School Inspector, for
two years, A. Brown, for one year, O. P. Dresser ;
Highway Commissioners, G. Cooper, A P. Clark, J.
Rhead ; Poor Directors, M. Swift, P. Mason ; As-
sessors, W. Edmonds, J. D. Corey ; Constables A.
Beeman, A. Brink, S. D. Curtiss, A. Fitzgerald.

1844. Supervisor, Volney Wightman; Clerk,
Barnabas C. Bunnell ; Treasurer, \V. Edmonds ;
Justice of the Peace, S. W. Aldrich ; Assessors, J.
D. Corey, J. Dawson; Highway Commissioners, A.
Patchen, E. Warner, E. T. Glass ; School Inspector,
O. P. Dresser ; Poor Directors, P. Mason, W.
Ganong; Constables, W. R. Curtiss, A. Brink, A.
Pate, J. Phillips.

1845. Supervisor, Volney Wightman; Clerk,
Barnabas C. Bunnell ; Treasurer, W. Edmonds ;
Justice of the Peace, A. Patchin ; Highway Com-
missioners, E. T. Glass, E. Warner, D. L Van Au-
ken; Poor Directors, P. Mason, W. Ganong;
School Inspector, R. Brown ; Constables, W. R.
Curtiss, J. Rhead, C. F. Wilkerson, Geo Morea.

1846. Supervisor, Volney Wightman; Clerk,
Barnabas C. Bunnell ; Treasurer, W. Edmonds ;
Justice of the Peace, E. Hawley, Jr.; Assessors, J.
Dawson, A. Patchin; Highway Commissioners, J.
M. Palmer. N. Blanchard, J Stanton; School In-
spector, A. Brown ; Poor Directors, P. Mason, M.
Warner ; Constables, W. Edmonds, J. Stanton.

1847. Supervisor, Ammon Brown ; Clerk, David
Walker ; Treasurer, S. P. Cady ; Justices of the
Peace, E. T. Glass, D. Straight ; School Inspector,
W. G Porter ; Poor Directors, G. Cooper, W. Ed-
monds ; Assessors, V. W^ightman, S. T. Curtiss ;
Highway Commissioner, for three years, J. Lathers,
for two years, H. Fink, for one year, M. Sweegles ;
Constables, J. Stanton, W. R. Curtiss, A. Rhead,
W. Edmonds.

1848. Supervisor, Ammon Brown; Clerk, Barn-
abas C. Bunnell ; Treasurer, E. Warner ; Justice
of the Peace, A. L. Stevens ; School Inspector, W.
Brown ; Poor Directors. M. Warner, D. L. Van Au-
kin ; Highway Commissioner, M. Sweegles ; Con-
stables, U. H. Blodgett, W. R. Curtiss, L. Doolittle,
A. Brink.

1849. Supervisor, Ammon Brown; Clerk,
Charles H. Cady; Treasurer, E.Warner; Justice
of the Peace, B C. Bunnell ; School Inspector, E.
Hawley, Jr.; Highway Commissioner, J. D. Corey ;
Assessors. J. Dawson, J. D.Corey; Poor Directors,
S. P. Cady, A. Stewart; Constables, J. Dawson, W.
R Curtiss, J. L. Lock, A. Pate.

1850. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Charles H. Cady ; Treasurer, James Q. Carver ;
Justice of the Peace, E. Hawley,^ Jr.; School In-
spector, A. Brown; Highway Commissioner, E.

1332

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Warner ; Assessors, J. Dawson, V. Wightman ;
Poor Directors, S. P. Cady, J. Phillips ; Constables,

A. Pate, W. R. Curtiss, B. Lewis, U. H. Blodgett.

1 85 1 . Supervisor, Willard Edmonds ; Clerk, John
J. Wright ; Treasurer, S. G. Hammond ; Justices
of the Peace, M. Sweegles E. Warner; School In-
spector, E. Hawley, Jr.; Highway Commissioner,
J. Ganong ; Poor Directors, J. Dawson, A. Patchin ;
Constables. T. J. Dean, T. B. Downer, E. Terry, J.
Stanton.

1852. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds ; Clerk, John
J. Wright; Treasurer, S. G. Hammond; Justices
of the Peace, A. L. Stevens, D. G. Brown, A.
Patchin; School Inspector, A. Brown; Highway
Commissioner, J. D. Corey; Poor Directors, P.
Doolittle, A. Brown ; Constables, S. G. Hammond,
P. Van Allen, T. J. Dean, A. Pate.

1853. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Charles H. Cady; Treasurer, E. O. Bennett; Jus-
tices of the Peace, A. Patchin. W. Edmonds;
School Inspector, T. J. Dean ; Highway Commis-
sioners, J. Rhead, J. Dawson ; Poor Masters, G.
Morea, D. Harrison ; Constables, T. B. Downer, B.
Lewis, T. J. Dean, A. Pate.

1854. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Chas H. Cady ; Treasurer, D. S. Brown ; Justice
of the Peace, Willard Edmonds ; Highway Com-
missioner, D. Harrison; School Inspector, A. Brown;
Poor Directors, G. Morea, J. Rhead; Constables;
G. D. Rogers, T. B. Downer, B. Goff, T. J. Dean.

1855. Supervisor, David Walker; Clerk, Harry
Lewis ; Treasurer, E. O. Bennett ; Justice of the
Peace, S. W. Walker; Assessors, L. Felton, V.
Wightman ; Highway Commissioners, G. Cooper
C. Randall ; Poor Directors, H. Fisk, E. T Glass ;
Constables, G. W. Walker. C. Wilber, R. J. Rhead,

B. F. Goff.

1856. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Harry Lewis ; Treasurer, E. O. Bennett ; Justice of
the Peace, A. L. Stevens ; Highway Commissioner,
E. Warner; School Inspector, T. J. Dean; Direct-
ors of the Poor, G. Morea, J. Rhead ; Constables,
E. Glass, T.' Downer, R. D. Rhead, G. W. Cooper.

1857. Supervisor, David Walker ; Clerk, Ammon
Brown ; Treasurer, H. Allyn ; Justice of the Peace,
A. Patchin; School Inspector, S. A. Cady; High-
way Commissioner, B. Lewis, J Rhead ; Constables,
A. Beeman, H. L. Grover, E. Glass, R. D. Rhead.

1858. Supervisor, David Walker; Clerk, Ammon
Brown ; Treasurer, H. Allyn ; Justices of .the Peace,
W. Edmonds, L. A. Van Aukin; School Inspector,
R. J. Brown ; Poor Directors, E. P. Lewis, D. F.
Norton; Highway Commissioner, J. Curry; Con-
stables, H. L. Grover, A. Beeman, R. D. Rhead,
W. R. Corlett.

1859. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Ammon Brown; Treasurer, H. Allyn; Justice of

the Peace, S. W. Walker; School Inspector, S. A.
Cady ; Highway Commissioner, E. Warner ; Over-
seers of the Poor, E. P. Lewis, G. Morea ; Con-
stables, W. R. Corlett, T. Ackley, R. D. Rhead, J.
Reeves.

i860. Supervisor, David Walker; Clerk, Am-
mon Brown; Treasurer, H. Allyn; Justice of the
Peace, J. A. Peck ; School Inspector, R. J. Brown ;
Highway Corrimissioner, D. S. Hicks; Poor Direct-
ors, G. Morea, J. H. Curtiss; Constables. G. W.
Cooper, T. Ackley, R. D. Rhead. D. R. S. Under-
wood.

1 86 1. Supervisor, Daniel Straight; Clerk, Or-
ange Butler ; Treasurer, H. Allyn ; Justice of the
Peace, D. G. Brown ; School Inspector, S. A. Cady;
Highway Commissioner, J. Lathers; Poor Directors,
G. Morea, R. D. Rhead ; -Constables, J. Harrison,
O. Trowbridge, G. Cooper, R. D. Rhead.

1862. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Truxton Haywood; Treasurer, Orange Butler ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, S. A. Cady ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Rhead ; School Inspector, H. Strickland;
Poor Directors, G. Morea, R. D. Rhead; Con-
stables J. Harrison, O. Trowbridge, R. Lansing, R.
D. Rhead.

1863. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Truxton Haywood ; Treasurer, T. J. Ackley ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, W Edmonds ; School Inspector,
S. A. Cady, A. Sherwood ; Highway Commissioner,
W. Walker ; Poor Directors, G. Morea, J. Rhead ;
Constables, R. D. Rhead, O. Trowbridge, E. Coriey,
J. Hamson.

1864. Supervisor, David Walker; Clerk, Jacob
D. Bunting ; Treasurer, J. D. Locke ; Justice of
the Peace, H. Randall; Highway Commissioner,
W. D. Dean ; School Inspector, Albert Sherwood ;
Poor Directors, L. E. Doolittle, R. D. Rhead; Con-
stables, A. Bell, E. E. Glass, E. Cooley, R. D.
Rhead.

1865. Supervisor, John J. Palmer; Clerk, David
Walker ; Treasurer, Thomas Ackly ; Justice of the
Peace, Ammon Brown; School Inspectors, S. A.
Cady, R. Montgomery ; Poor Directors, G. Morea,
R. D. Rhead ; Highway Commissioner, Glode D.
Chubb ; Constables. W. R. Curtiss, S. Joslin, E.
Cooley, D. B. Newkirk.

1866. Supervisor, John J. Palmer ; Clerk, Jere-
miah O'Connor ; Treasurer, G. Stellwagen ; Justice
of the Peace, G. W. Swift ; School Inspector, T.
Lather; Highway Commissioner, S. Joslin; Poor
Directors, G. Morea, J. Sauslager; Constables, E.
Cooley, W. R. Curtiss, J. M. Chambey, A. P.
Rhodey.

1867. Supervisor, John J. Palmer; Clerk, Wil-
liam M. Hastings; Treasurer, J. L. Decker; Jus-
tices of the Peace, W.Edmonds, W. D. Dean;
School Inspector, A. Knickerbocker, Highway

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1333

Commissioner, W. A. Van Aukin ; Poor Directors,
G. Morea, J. Sauslager ; Constables, W. R. Curtiss,

C. Bayliss, W. Pate, J. M. Chambers.

1 868. Supervisor, George Stellwagen ; Clerk,
William M. Hastings ; Treasurer, J. L. Decker ;
Justice of the Peace, L. A. VanAuken ; Highway
Commissioner, A. Fitzgerald ; School Inspector,
S. A. Cady : Poor Directors, G. Morea, D. G.
Brown; Constables, Wm. Snyder, W.Cooper, J. Al-
baugh, F. Marker.

1869. Supervisor, George Stellwagen; Clerk,
John Robson ; Treasurer, J. L. Decker ; Justice of
the Peace, S. W. Walker ; Highway Commis-
sioner, M. Harrison ; School Inspector, C. H. Cady;
Poor Directors, G. Morea, B. Marshall ; Constables,
L. Millspaugh, R. D. Rhead, C. G. Brown. F. F.
Marker.

1870. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
John Robson; Treasurer, J. Rhead; Justice of
the Peace, S. A. Cady; School Inspectors, C. H.
Cady, S. A. Cady ; Highway Commissioner, W.
Cooper; Poor Directors, G. Morea, R. D. Rhead,
Constables, L. Millspaugh, F. D. Rhead. F. F.
Marker, W. Cooper.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Willard Edmonds; Clerk,
Lawrence Millspaugh ; Treasurer, C. Brace ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, E. O. Bennett ; Highway Com-
missioner, D. G. Brown ; Drain Commissioner, A .
Butler; School Inspector, S. A. Cady; Poor Di-
rectors, G. Morea, O. Butler ; Constables, F. F.
Markej, W. R. Curtiss. C. G. Brown, J. J. Stringer.

1872. Supervisor, Samuel A. Cady; Clerk,
Samuel W. Walker; Treasurer, L. Millspaugh;
Justice of . the Peace, W. H. Heywood; School
Inspector, Chas. H. Cady; Highway Commis-
sioner, D. Cady ; Drain Commissioner, Allen But-
ler; Poor Directors, G. Morea, O. Butler; Con-
stables, H. Barker, W. Cooper, W. Curtiss, C. Bay-
liss.

1873. Supervisor, George Stellwagen; Clerk,
George W. Bedell ; Treasurer, L. Millspaugh ;
Justice of the Peace, J. B. Wallace ; School In-
spector, S. A. Cady; Highway Commissioners, W.
Copper; Drain Commissioner, A. Butler; Poor
Directors, G. Morea, D. G. Brown ; Constables, J.
M. Chambers, W. R. Curtiss, W. Cooper. B. J,
Rhead.

1874. Supervisor, George H. Stellwagen and
Joseph B. Wallace each part of a year ; Clerk,
Hiram N. Collins ; Treasurer, S. Joy ; Justice of
the Peace, W. D. Dean ; Highway Commissioner,

D. G." Brown; School Inspector, • C. H. Cady;
Drain Commissioner, W. Bell ; Constables, J. M.
Chambers, G. McCumber, F. F. Marker, B. J.
Rhead.

1875. Supervisor, Joseph B. Wallace; Clerk,
Hiram N. Collins ; Treasurer, Samuel Joy and D.

G. Brown, each part of a year ; Justices of the Peace,

B. Hodgkins, G. W. Walker; Superintendent of
Schools, John Gillespie and S. A. Cady, each part
of a year; School Inspector, C. H. Cady; High-
way Commissioner, D. Cady; Drain Commissioner,
L. Hix ; Constables, J. A. Chambers, F. F. Marker,
G, McComber, Reeman.

1876. Supervisor, Joseph B. Wallace; Clerk,
Hiram N. Collins ; Treasurer, C. H. Cady ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, D. Hull, G. McGuire ; Highway
Commissioner, W. Bell ; Superintendent of Schools,
E. O Bennett, Jr.; School Inspector, L. R. Mun-
son ; Constables, G. McComber, F. F. Marker, B.
J. Rhead, T. H. Pate.

1877. Supervisor, Joseph B. Wallace ; Clerk, Hi-
ram N. Collins ; Treasurer, John Robson ; Justice
of the Peace, C. H. Cady ; Highway Commissioner,
M. Bills ; Supt. Schools, C. Cady ; School Inspector,
L. R. Munson ; Drain Commissioner, C. Ganong;
Constables, A. Barnes, B. J. Rhead, G. McCumber,
J. Fitzgibbons.

1878. Supervisor, Oscar S. Straight; Clerk, Hi-
ram N. Collins; Treasurer, Jacob Stellwagen ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, W. D. Dean ; Supt. Schools, C.
Cady ; School Inspector, W. W. Duffield ; High-
way Commissioner, ^M. Bills ; Drain Commissioner,
A. Beeman ; Constables, E W. Pate, George Mc-
Cumber, J. Shook, A. Barnes.

1879. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady; Clerk, Hi-
ram N. Collins ; Treasurer, J. M. Vennoy ; Justice
of the Peace, S. W. Walker; Supt. Schools, W. H.
Heywood ; School Inspector, W. W. Dufiield ;
Highway Commissioner, J. B. Wallace ; Drain
Commissioner, H. E. Heywood ; Constables, A.
Barnes, I. S. Hall, G. McCumber, F. E. Coleman.

1880. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady; Clerk,
Theodore E Deming ; Treasurer, C. Brace ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, D. Hall ; Highway Commissioner,

C. Ganong ; Drain Commissioner, A. Beeman ;
Supt. Schools, D. Zimmerman ; School Inspector,
W. W. Duffield ; Constable, T. Tyley, H. Fisher,
W. Cooper, C. Frank.

1 88 1. Supervisor, William H. Heywood ; Clerk,
Theodore E. Deming ; Treasurer, C. Brace ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, C. H. Cady ; Highway Commis-
sioner, P. Reed ; Supt. Schools, D. Zimmerman ;
School Inspector, T. Raymo ; Constables, E. W.
Pate, T. Tyley, J. Nichols, F. E. Coleman.

1882. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady; Clerk,
Theodore E. Deming; Treasurer, Hiram N. Col-
lins ; Justices of the Peace, R. O. Rhead, S. D. Cur-
tiss ; Highway Commissioner, M. Harrison ; Drain
Commissioner, H. E. Heywood ; School Inspectors,
E. N. Lathers, E. S. James; Constables, D. Mead,
W. Robinson, W. Blain, A. Howe.

1883. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady ; Clerk, John
Fitzgibbons ; Treasurer, H. N. Collins ; Justice of

1334

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

the Peace, W. A. Pettingill ; Highway Commis-
sioner, W. Cooper; School Inspector, S. A. Cady ;
Constables, C. M. Crane, A. Robinson, W. A.
Robirtson, G. W. Walker.

1884. Supervisor, Charles H.Cady; Clerk, John
Murphy, Jr.; Treasurer, C. Merriman; Justices of
the Peace, O. VanAlstyne, C. G Brown; Highway
Commissioner, W. Cooper; School Inspector, W.
Lathers ; Drain Commissioner, J. M. Tuttle ; Con-
stables, J E. Lathers, H. Fisher, W. A. Robinson;
W. Reynolds.

1885. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady; Clerk,
James Murphy, Jr.; Treasurer, C. Merriman ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, T. E. Deming, G.. Chilson;
Highway Commissioner, J. Shook ; School Inspec-
tor, S. A. Cady; Constables, W. Reynolds, W. Hix,
J. W. Rhead, B. Rathburn.

1886. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady; Clerk,
Harry C. Robinson ; Treasurer, E. F. Stevens ;
Justice of the Peace, R. M. Gardner; Highway
Commissioner, Chas. H.Sweegles; Drain Commis-
sioner, M Bills ; School Inspector, J. F. Cullum ;
Constables, H. Fisher, W. Sherman, B. Rathburn,

B. Cortritz

1887. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady ; Clerk, Giles
H. Collins; Treasurer, H. Loss; Justice of the
Peace, John F. Cullen ; Highway Commissioner,

C. H Sweegles; School Inspector, E. W. Brown;
Constables, W. Cooper, J. C. Smith, J. W. Rhead,
W. Dunn.

1888. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady; Clerk,
William A. Marker and Giles H. Collins, each part
of year; Treasurer, H.Loss; Justice of the Peace,
James Gillespie ; Highway Commissioner, W. A.
Robinson ; Drain Commissioner, W. Copper ;
School Inspector, S. A. Cady; Constables, O. N.
Baker, W. Reynolds, A. Treois J. W. Rhead.

1889. Supervisor, Charles H. Cady; Clerk,
Fayette Harris ; Treasurer, G. L. Nash ; Justice of
the Peace T. E. Deming; Highway Commissioner,
\Y- A. Robinson ; School Inspector, G. H. Brown ;
Constables J. T. Brown, O. N. Baker, S. Sims, J.
G. Fisher.

1890. Supervisor, C. H. Cady; Clerk, G H.
Collins; Treasurer. G. L. Nash; Justice of the
Peace, S. A. Cady ; Highway Commissioner, W. A.
Robinson ; School Inspectors, C.Cady, J. F. Cullen;
Board of Review, J.J. Stellwagen, J. R Noble;
Drain Commissioner, Pk E. Heywood ; Constables,
J. W. Rhead, J Ryan, F. Remian, J. C. Smith.

Schools.

The condition of the schools, as shown by the
Inspectors' reports for the year ending September
3, 1888 is as follows : There were seven whole and
three fractional districts, enrolling 790 pupils, with
an average daily attendance of 470. Four brick

houses, costing $20,500, and seating 508, and six
frame houses, costing $3,000, and seating 282.
Four male teachers and fourteen female teachers
were employed. In six of the districts there were
libraries containing a total of 1,587 volumes.

The population of the township in 1850 was
1,617; in i860; 2,168 ; in 1870, 2,956; and in 1880,
3,231. The valuation of the property in 1840 was
$126,504; in 1850, $73,518; in i860, $286,814 ; i"
1870, $340,120; and in 1880, $1,077,750. The
apparent decrease in values between the years 1840
and 1850 is evidently owing to the low valuations
affixed in order to escape as much as possible of the
county and State taxes.

Streams and Names.

The principal stream in the township is a branch
of the River Rouge, which runs nearly east and
west through the lower portion of the town. A
stream on the extreme north of the township was
formerly well known as 'Jonquish Creek, and was
named after the old Pottawattomie Indian chief. A
plain or prairie in the adjoining township on the east
was designated as Tonquish Plain, and under the
treaty of November 17, 1807, two sections of land
where his village was located near the river, were
reserved for the Indians. Interesting details of the
troubles of the early settlers with Tonquish and his
band are given by Melvin D. Osband in Volume 3
of the Pioneer Collections of Michigan, and the fol-
lowing account is collected from that and other
sources :

Among the early settlers in 181 2, commencing at
the swing bridge on the Rouge and working west
towards Wallaceville, were Joseph Brown, on what
was afterwards known as the Salisbury farm and
also as the Weaver farm, Thomas Anderson, and in
the rotation named Wm. McCarthy, Francis Choon,

Francis Laren, Widow Coutte, John Sargent,

Stacy, John Thomas, Aaron Thomas, Alanson
Thomas, Capt. Macomb, Joel Thomas ; then came

the Harrison tract, Francis Dumay, Hanchett,

Jerry Dean, Hiram Fahns, Chappel farm, William
Bucklin, John Cramer, Chauncy Brown, John W.
Tompkins, W. Gridley, F. Eldridge, Thomas Johns,

David Bucklin, Tuttle, Joseph Hickox and

James Abbott.

After the peace of 1815 the Pottawattomie In-
dians were disaffected and troublesome, and fre-
quently committed little depredations on the settlers
along the River Rouge, west of Detroit. They
manifested no desire to engage in open hostilities,
but were indifferent to the rights of the whites.
Tonquish, their chief, was a leader in these acts ot
lawlessness, arrogant and imperious Followed by
his band, he would enter the houses of the settlers,
and demand and obtain various articles. Upon one

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1335

occasion he called at the house of Alanson Thomas,
who lived on the brow of a hill on the north side of
the River Rouge, about two miles below the village
of Dearborn. Mr. Thomas was fixing up Some
shelves for his wife's convenience, when he heard a
voice behind him, and turning around, he saw Chief
Tonquish, who ordered Mr. Thomas's wife to hand
him something which he coveted. Upon Mr.
Thomas demanding, ** What are you doing here,"
the chief sprang at him, but he met the brawny fist
of Thomas, and was landed senseless on the other
side of the room. Mr. Thomas then administered
several kicks to the fallen brave, and finally threw
him out of the back door. Then looking up he
saw several of the band standing near by, who had
evidently witnessed the discomfiture of their chief.
One of them, a young son of Tonquish, scowled,
shook his head and said, " Bime-by you be dead."
" Well, dead or aUve," said Thomas, " I'll venture
to give you a flogging," and picking up a green withe
that had been used to fix his fence, he chastised the
Indian severely. He jumped up and down and
yelled, and gave the war whoop in vain, as none of
his companions came to his rescue. Mr. Thomas
anticipated trouble as a result of the encounter, but
the Indians after that were afraid of and avoided
him. Subsequently Chief Tonquish called at the
cabin of Thomas Johns and demanded of Mrs. Johns
that she supply them with food. The best that she
could do did not please them, and throwing the
victuals in her face, they went on. Some two miles
west near John Sargent's place, they met Simon
Shover with a basket of bread which he was carry-
ing to some men who were cutting timber for a
dock. The Indians attempted to take the bread,
and Shover resisted and called for help, which
speedily came from the lumbermen. During the
melee a dog bit one of the Indians in the leg. The
Indians demanded that the dog be killed, but young
Sargent refused and started to put the dog in the
cellar. As he turned towards the house, the son
of Tonquish shot him in the back, and he died from
the wound soon afterwards. The settlers were at
once called together and started in pursuit of the
Indians. Among them were John Sargent, Aaron
and Joel Thomas, Capt. Macomb. William Bucklin,
Amos Gordon, Tell Nichols, Simon Shover, Francis
Ruff, Francis Dumay and David Bucklin. Each
was armed with a good rifle and w^ell supplied with
ammunition. Being determined to avenge the
death of their pioneer neighbor, they went through
the woods to the Tonquish Plains, where they over-
took the Indians the following morning on what
is known as Section 7 in Nankin. At that point the
Indians turned to the left, cr.ossedthe stream knowm
as Tonquish Creek, and passed out of sight over
the opposite bank. The settlers moved rapidly for-

ward, but on reaching the locality no Indian could
be seen. They, however, hastily pushed on, and
the Indians soon arose from where they had hid
and fired, but fortunately no person was seriously
hurt. The settlers then rushed on them before they
had time to reload and captured all but Tonquish 's
son Major Macomb, who led the party aimed his
gun at him to shoot him, but Tonquish stopped him
and said he would call him back, but instead of do-
ing so, he told him in Indian language to run, and
when he had reached a point that he thought
beyond the range of Macomb's gun, the old chief
turned and said : " He no come back, shoot him."
The major shot, and he fell T he chief, who had
been disarmed except his knife, then sprang at Ma-
comb, but James Bucklin, and one account says
Amos Gardner, prevented his reaching Macomb,
who soon had his gun reloaded. When the chief
sa.w that the gun was nearly loaded he ran, but
before he had ran many steps, the major shot him
in the back. He fell mortally wounded, died the
same day, and was buried by the Indians. This
skirmish took place on Section 6 in the township of
Nankin. The sanguinary affair practically put an
end to Indian forays in this vicinity, but both Ma-
comb and Shover, who were inveterate Indian
haters, had to plow and work, with rifle ready for
instant use in their defense. Macomb finally left
the country. His favorite way of saying he had
shot an Indian was, " Well, I've got another blanket
with a buttonhole in it." About 1838, some boys
opened the grave of Tonquish and took from it the
remains of the chief's gun, and some personal orna-
ments.

Churches.

Among the first Methodist Episcopal preachers
in this section of the country, if not the very first,
was Rev. Marcus Swift, who came to Michigan in
1825. It was his custom to preach wherever a
few people could be gathered together. Very soon
afterwards Rev. Messrs. Elliott, Sayres, Brockway,
Triggs, Jones, Herr and Collins came. In 1835 a
church was organized. H. S. Kilburn was the first
class leader, and William Gilbert the second. The
first quarterly meeting was held in 1835. T he first
church building was erected in 1862, during the
second year of Rev. B. H. Hedger's pastorate. It
was dedicated on January 16, 1863, and cost about
$3,700. The names of the several pastors are as
follows: 1834, John Sayres; 1835-1836, W. H.
Brockway and C. Babcock ; 1 836-1 837, Arthur B.
Elliott; 1837-1838, W. H. Brockway and C. Bab-
cock; 1838-1839, C. Babcock and J. Blanchard ;
1 839- 1 840, Robert Triggs and W. H. Collins;

1 840- 1 84 1, Adam Minnis and Bradford;

1 841 -1 842, A. Fleming, Dubois and

U36

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Bruce; 1842- 1843, Dubois and Bruce;

1 843-1 844, Henry Penfield and Gideon Shurtleff;
1844-1845, John Gray; 1845-1846, J. Blanchard,
W. H. Haze ; 1846- 1847, Daniel Bush, W. Benson ;
1 848- 1 849, Daniel Bush, Frederick Glass, 1849-
1850, J. C Abbott, B. F. Pritchard; 1850-1851,
W. Mothersill, Robert Bird; 1851-1852, Isaac F.
Collins, W. Fox; 1852-1853, Samuel Bessy, J. C.
Wortly; 1853-1855, E. Steele, C. Seaman; 1855-
1856. C. Mosher, H. Culby ; 1856-1857, J. W.
Kellogg, J. Dwella; 1857-1858, J. W. Kellogg, A.
J. Bigelow; 1858-1859, W. C. Way; 1859-1860,
W.C.Way; 1 860-1 861, George Smith ; 1861-1862,

B. H. Hedger, C. Church; 1862-1863, B. H.
Hedger; 1863-1865, J. W. Kellogg; 1865-1866.
T. G Potter; 1868-1871,;. A. Mcllwain ; 1871-
1872, E.E. Pearman; 1872-1874, J. S. Joslin ; 1874-
1876, L. C York; 1876-1877. W. J. Campbell;
1877-1879, H. O. Parker, 1879-1881, T. H. Bas-
kerville; 1881-1884,]. H. Kilpatrick ; 1884-1886,
J. C. Wortly; 1886-1889, J. A. Mcllwain.

The first meeting of those favoring the organiza-
tion of a Congregational Church was held in the
school-house on August 20, 1848. A lot was pur-
chased, and the First Congregational Society of
Wayne was organized on October 7, 1848. It was
proposed to raise money to erect a church to be
used jointly by the Congregationalists and Metho-
dists. This plan was carried into effect, and the
building was completed and dedicated in January,
1850. It seated 350. The following persons
served as pastors : Rev. John S. Kidder, August,
1848, to July, 1851 ; Rev. James Nail, July, 185 1, to
February, 1855; Rev. Orrin C. Thompson, Febru-
ary, 1855, to September, 1856; Rev. Norman
Tucker, September, 1856, to February, 1859; Rev.
O. C. Thompson, 1860-1861 ; Rev. John D. Pierce,
from 1861-1863. While the church was without
a regular pastor, Elders Swift and Van Norman
filled the pulpit from 1864 to 1867 ; Rev. Charles
Cutler, from February, 1867, to May, 1869 ; Rev. O.

C. Thompson, from January, 1870, to October, 1871,
Rev. Obadiah Hobbs, April, 1872, to January, 1873 ;
Rev. Jonas Estabrook, February. 1873, to October,
1878; Rev. Augustus G. Upton, October, 1878, to
August, 1880; Rev. David C. McNair. from Sep-
tember, 1880, to April, 1883 ; Rev. George C. Emp-
son, from October, 1883, to December. 1887; Rev.
Willis S. Colton, from June 3, 1888. Starting
with nine members in 1848, there were 15 in 1850 ;
27 in i860; 40 in 1870; 252 in 1880; and 1 52 in 1889.
The church property is valued at $2,500.

St. Mary's Catholic Church has always been a
mission of the church at Dearborn. The services
were conducted by a priest from that place, ser-
vices being held for many years in private houses.
In the fall of 1864, services were first held in their

new and unfinished church building, and then, until
February, 1865, in O'Connor Hall. The church
being then completed, it was blessed, and services
have been held since on one Sunday and one Wed-
nesday in each month, and occasionally on festival
days. The church building is of brick, cost about
$3,000. and seats 200. When the church was built
there were about forty-five families and since then
it has only held its own.

A Baptist Church was organized in Nankin as
early as 1835, but the society ceased many years
ago. The present organization, which dates from
1 868, for a long time held its services in a school-
house known as the Somerville School, located on
Section 3 in the town of Romulus. They have no
church building, and have had but two pastors,
Rev. George McGregor, who served four years, and
Rev. T. Shaftoe, who was serving in 1888, at which
time the society had twenty-eight members.

In 1864 General Van Aiken built a church on the
northwest quarter of Section i , which is free to all
denominations desiring to use it. He ^so platted
a cemetery at the same time, but it was long since
abandoned. In 1859 S. G. Heyward built a free
church on his farm on the northwest quarter of Sec-
tion 7, and platted a cemetery, which has also been
abandoned. The ** Old Cemetery " on the south-
east quarter of Section 28, at the northerly limits of
the village of Wayne was opened about 1835. The
lots are owned by the old families and descendants
of the first settlers. The Gunong Cemetery was
first used about 1840, and is on the Gunong farm
on the northeast quarter of Section 35. St. Mary's
Cemetery, on the southeast quarter of Section 28,
is used in connection with the Roman Catholic
parish of the same name, and dates its consecration
with the building of their church. Glenwood Ceme-
tery, on the eastern half of Section 28, was opened
in 1872 by a private corporation.

WAYNE.

The first settler here was George M. Johnson,
who located in 1824 and opened a log tavern,
where Hosie & Stellwagen's store is now located.
The tavern was sold to a Mr. Simmons in 1826,
who kept it for about three years. While under
the influence of liquor he killed his wife, for which
offense he was hanged on September 24, 1830. The
first saw-mill in Nankin was built in 1834 by Ezra
Derby on the east side of the old territorial road
where it crosses the lower Rouge. The first frame
house was built by Mr. Derby in 1 834, a few rods east
of the present Varney House, on the Chicago Road,
and he also built the first store, which was located on
the corner opposite the hotel. In 1 832 he built a black-
smith shop on the public square about where the
town hall now stands. A private school was kept

NANKIN TOWNSHIP- ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

^337

in the building in 1833 by Cornelia Hawley, a sister
of Judge Elijah Hawley. In 1834 Ezra Derby
recorded the first plat of Wayne At that time it
was called Derby's Corners. A part of the pres-
ent village was laid out in 1835 under the name of
Nankin, and for many years the postoffice here
was known as South Nankin. It is on the line of
the M. C. and F. & P. M., railroads. In 1836 a
plat was recorded of a portion of the present village
under the name of Wayne, and in 1839 there was a
saw-mill, tavern, two stores and half a score of fami-
lies. The village Was incorporated by Act of April 2,
1869, and the corporation was to include the south-
east quarter of Section 29, the southwest quarter
of Section 28 the northwest quarter of Section 33,
and the northeast quarter of Section 32 of the Town
of Nankin. The Act provided that the first elec-
tion should be held at the Union Hotel, on the
second Monday in April, and on the third Monday
yearly thereafter. It also provided for the election
of a president, recorder, treasurer, and five trustees.
The first election was held on April 12, 1869.

Hiram N. Collins and Charles T. Barnard,
inspectors, and Wm. M. Hastings, clerk, were duly
sworn by Ammon Brow^n. and the following offic-
ers were elected :

President, William R. Corlett ; Recorder, Wm.
M. Hastings ; Treasurer, Ammon Brown; Trustees,
Jacob D. Bunting, Frederick Marker, Sr., Thomas
Morrison, Israel Bell, John J. Palmer.

The council was duly organized and the first
meeting held April 20, 1869, at which time Ste-
phen T. Curtiss was appointed marshal, and
Andrew L. Chase, street commissioner. The sub-
sequent officers have been :

1870. President, David Walker and Ammon
Brown, each part of a year; Clerk James R. Hosie ;
Treasurer, Henry S. Kilburn ; Trustees, A: C.
Pitcher, Wm. Booth, Henry N. Wilford, John S.
Egeler, Ammon Brown.

1 87 1. President, Thomas Morrison ; Recorder,
George W. Bedell ; Treasurer, Henry S. Kilburn ;
Trustees, O. C. Abell, L. T. Blount, I. Bell. Wm.
A. Pettingill, O. E. Warner.

1872. William C. Steers; Recorder, Theodore
E. Deming ; Treasurer, Henry S. Kilburn ; Trus-
tees, J. F. Hammon, L. E. Doolittle, S. D. Smith,
W. W. Bailey, J. R. Brace.

1873. President. Oliver C. Abell; Recorder,
Theodore E. Deming; Treasurer, Henry S. Kil-
burn ; Trustees, L. E. Doolittle, J. F. Hammon, L.
T. Blount, E. Derby, I. Stevenson.

1874. President, Charles H. Cady; Recorder,
Curtis Brace ; Treasurer, Henry S. Kilburn ; Trus-
ses, W. A. Pettingill, J. F. Hammon, W. Blain, A.
L. Chase, H. Loss.

1875. President, O. C. Abell; Recorder, Theo-

dore E. Deming ; Treasurer, Henry S. Kilburn ;
Trustees. W. C. Steers. I. Bell. F. H. Hubbard,
H. L. Bedell, w^th L. E. Doolittle, and Thomas
Morrison, each part of a year.

1876. President, William R. Corlett ; Recorder
George McGuire ; Treasurer. John S Egeler; Trus-
tees J. O'Connor, W. Pettingill, C. H. Cady, S. W.
Walker. J. R. Hosie.

1877. President, William R. Corlett ; Clerk,
Theodore E. Deming ; Treasurer. John S. Egeler ;
Street Commissioner. Hiram N. Collins ; Assessor,
George McGuire; Trustees two years. Jeremiah
O'Connor, Wm. A. Pettingill, O. J. Turk ; Trustees
one year Charles H. Cady, John F. Hammon,
James R. Hosie; Constables, Wm. Blain, T. E.
Deming.

1878. President, William R. Corlett; Clerk,
Theodore E. Deming; Treasurer, John S. Egeler;
Trustees, James R. Hosie, Chas. H. Cady, L. E.
Doolittle ; Street Commissioner, Hiram N. Collins ;
Assessor. George McGuire ; Constable, Wm. Blain.

1879. President, William R. Corlett; Clerk,
Theodore E. Deming; Trustees, John C. Stell-
wagen, Samuel W, Walker, Jr.. David Zimmerman;
Treasurer, Henry Loss; Assessor, T. Morrison;
Street Commissioner. H. N. Collins; Constable,
Wm. Blain.

1880. President, Bradshaw Hodgkinson ; Clerk,
Ira M. Jennings; Trustees, James R. Hosie, Chas.
H. Cady, James H. Rodgers ; Treasurer, Chas.
Kynoch; Assessor, Thomas Morrison; Street
Commissioner, H. N. Collins; Constable, Edgar
W. Pate.

i88f. President, Bradshaw Hodgkinson; Clerk.
Ira M. Jennings ; Trustees. T. E. Deming. L. E.
Doolittle, Geo. D. Parr, C. Brace, A. W. Meldrum ;
Treasurer, Henry Loss; Street Commissioner,
Francis H. Pitcher; Assessor, David Zimmerman ;
Constable, Wm. Blain.

1882. President. William C. Steers; Clerk,
Henry W. Barnard ; Trustees, James H. Rogers,
Wm. A. Pettingill, John S. Egeler; Treasurer,
Henry Loss ; Assessor, Thomas Morrison ; Street
Commissioner, L. H. Pitcher; Constable, Wm.
Blain.

1883. President, Bradshaw Hodgkinson ; Clerk,
Edwin F. Steers ; Trustees, T. E. Deming H.N.
Collins, S. G. Hammon ; Treasurer, Geo. H. Stell-
wagen ; Street Commissioner, Francis H. Pitcher ;
Assessor, Thomas Morrison ; Constable, E. Wilbur
Pate.

1884. President, James R. Hosie; Clerk, Jo-
seph S. Brown and F. C. Wheeler, each part of a
year; Trustees, B. Newkirk, Wm. Artley, M.
Schmidt; Treasurer, Geo. H. Stellwagen; Asses-
sor, Thomas Morrison; Street Commissioner,
Francis H. Pitcher; Constable, Geo. A. Guest.

1338

NANKIN TOWNSHIP- ORCxANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1885. President, Frank H. Knickerbocker; Clerk,
William A. Marker; Trustees. John S. Egeler,
Geo. M. Bennett, Chas D. Bunting; Treasurer,
Henry Loss; Assessor, John Murphy Jr ; Street^
Commissioner, Francis H. Pitcher; Constable/
Henry Fisher.

1886. President, James R. Hosie ; Clerk, Wil-
liam A. Marker and E. M Murphy each part of
year ; Trustees, Edwin F. Steers, James R. Noble,
Hiram Hawley, John Murphy, Jr.; Treasurer,
Henry Loss; Assessor, Giles H. Collins; Street
Commissioner. James tl. Pitcher; Constable, John
J. Downer.

1887. President, James R. Hosie; Clerk, Wil-
liam A. Marker; Trustees, T. E. Deming; C. W.
Chambers, S. D. Smith ; Treasurer, Jacob D.
Bunting ; Assessor, Giles H. Collins ; Street Com-
missioner, Francis H. Pitcher; Constable, John J.
Downer.

1888. President, David Zimmerman; Clerk,
William A. Marker and G. H. Collins, each part of
a year ; Trustees, James R. Hosie, Wm. A. Cham-
berlin, John Harrison; Treasurer, J. D. Bunting;
Assessor, Giles H. Collins ; Street Commissioner,
Phillip Spann ; Constable, J. C. Smith.

1889. President, Theodore E. Deming; Clerk,
Giles H. Collins; Trustees, Geo. H. Stellwagen,
James M. Crouch, James R. Noble; Treasurer,
John C. Stellwagen; Assessor, Wm. R. Corlett ;
Street Commissioner, Francis H. Pitcher; Con-
stable, Joseph C. Smith.

1890. President, William R. Corlett; Trustees,
Theodore E. Deming, William Hoops James R.
Noble, Geo. H. Stellwagen, Michael Schmidt, Al-
mond C. Parsons; Giles H. Collins; Assessor,
Daniel M. Chambers ; Street Commissioner, Dan-
iel Ackley ; Constable, Joseph C. Smith.

Appointments by council : President pro tern.,
James R. Noble ; Marshal. Joseph C. Smith ; Health
Officer, Herbert E. Foster; Village Attorney, John
F. Cullen ; Chief Engineer Fire Department, Fayette
Harris.

The first village lock-up was completed and oc-
cupied on July 29, 1869. On January 31, 1876,
fifteen street lamps were put up at a cost of $141.20,
and at intervals since they have been lighted. The
village hall, located in the public square, is a two
story frame building. A portion of the lower store
is used as a jail, and part for the township meetings.

The upper part was not finished off until August,
1880, it is used as a council room. The building
was first occupied on November 14. 1878, and cost
$1,400. In July, 1879, a special police force was
organized, consisting of the village marshal and
three policemen, L. E. Doolittle, E. Wilber Pate,
and D. L. Adams, who were to act under instruc-
tions from the village attorney. In July, 1881, two

Babcock fire extinguishers were purchased at a
cost of $96. An effort was subsequently made to
obtain a vote in favor of borrowing $2,500 to pro-
cure fire apparatus, but it was unsuccessful. *0n the
morning of September 12, 1888, the O'Connor
Block was destroyed by fire with a loss of $25,000,
and during the winter of 1888-9 fires became so
frequent that on January 18, 1889. the council of-
fered a reward of $500, for the arrest and convic-
tion of the incendiary.

The Union School building is a three story brick
building, with seats for 300 pupils. It was erected
in 1870 and 1871, cost $19,000 and was opened in
the fall of 1 87 1 by Prof. Boyd.

The population of Wayne in 1870 was 833, and
in 1880,919. The assessed valuation of the pro-
perty in the village is $260,000 ; in the township,
$1,100,000.

The Wayne County Review, an eight page, five
column paper, is published every Friday at $1 per
year, by E. F. Steers. Its beginnings were as fol-
lows. In the fall of 1876 two boys, brothers, named
E. F. and E. E. Steers, set up as amateur job
printers, their outfit consisting of a 6>^ x loj^
hand inking novelty press, for which they paid $10.
With this and $18 worth of type they began. The
following spring Mr. E E. Steers went to Califor-
nia, and the job office was sold to their uncle, J. H.
Steers, who in the fall of 1877 started the Weekly
Review as a four column quarto without a sub-
scriber or advertisement, and with little or no ex-
perience. The paper was printed on a 13x19 half
medium Universal press. The venture proved a
success, and on April 12. 1878, the paper was en-
larged to a five, and July 5 to a seven column
quarto. On December 6, the name was changed
to the Wayne County Review, with an office in
both Plymouth and Wayne, the former in charge of
O. S. Howard as editor. In July, 1887, i^t was
purchased by the present proprietor, E. F. Steers.
Wayne Masonic Lodge, No. 112, secured a dis-
pensation on January 14, 1858. and held its first
regular meeting on July 19, following

A Universalist Society was organized about 1858
by the Rev. Andrew J. Stebbins, and the first ser-
mon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Snead. A
church was built and dedicated in 1863, and was
under the charge of Rev. Chauncey Knickerbocker,
until his death in 1884. Since then only occasional
services have been held.

St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, U. A.
C, was organized by the Rev. George Deckinger
in the fall of 1876. For a time the meetings were
held in Steer's Hall. A lot was afterwards pur-
chased for $100, and a church erected, which was
dedicated on August 12. 1877. It cost $i,35^-
The pastors have been : Rev. George Deckmgen

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1339

from September, 1876 to April, 1878; Rev. George
Tierck, from May, 1878, to May, 1880; Rev.
Georg-e Deckinger until September, 1880 : Rev. J J.
Bichsenstin, from January, i88r, to October, 1883 ;
Rev. Robert Weise, from May, 1885. to May, 1886;
Rev. Wm. Renz, from May, 1886, to May, 1888;
Rev. John Baumann. from July, 1888. From
October, 1883, to May, 1885, the church was with-
out a pastor, occasional services being held by
neighboring ministers. They had twenty-five mem-
bers when the church was organized.^and now have
thirty.

Wayne has several advantages as a manufactur-
ing center. The Michigan Central and the Flint &
Pere Marquette Railroads intersect at Wayne Junc-
tion less than a mile west of the village. A Citizen's
Improvement Committee of ten was organized in

1887 for the purpose of holding out inducements to
manufacturing establishments to locate in Wayne,
and on December 5, 1887, at a special election,
there was a unanimous vote to bond the city to
purchase three acres of land as a site for public
buildings. The land was purchased and at a spec-
ial meeting of the Council on January 7, 1888, it
was sold to the Prouty & Glass Manufacturing
Company, of Detroit for $8,000. Their establish-
ment, which manufactures carriages and sleighs,
was started in Detroit in 1881, and moved to
Wayne in November, 1887. They give employment
to an average of fifty men with a pay roll of $500 ;
the annual output being estimated at $80,000.
They make an average of 100 carriages monthly,
and about 125 cutters, besides white work in the
rough.

The elevator of Hosie & Stellwagen, located on
the Michigan Central track near the north end of
the village, was put in operation in 1 880, and has a
storage capacity of ten thousand bushels. They
have handled an average of twenty-five thousand
bushels each of wheat and oats annually, and one
year reached seventy-five thousand bushels.

COUNTY HOUSE STATION.

This station on the Michigan Central Railroad,
as its name indicates, is for the convenience of the
county establishment known as the Poor House
and Insane Asylum. The history of these institu-
tions up to 1886 is given in Chapter LXVII. In
the latter year a building designed for use as a
chapel, offices, and store room was erected at a cost
of $23,000, and other buildings, such as gas and
boiler houses, at a cost of $12,000 additional. In

1888 further additions were made to the main build-
jngat a cost of $60,000, and the establishment
IS now one of the largest and most complete in
the country.

INKSTER, FORMERLY MOULIN ROUGE.

This place, laid out in 1839 is on the northeast
quarter of Section 25. and is named after Robert
Inkster, one of the early settlers. The post-office
was formerly called Moulin Rouge (Red Mills).
It is on the Michigan Central Railroad.

The Methodist Episcopal Church at this place
formed part of the Huron Mission in 1832, and has
always been attached to either Wayne or Dearborn.
The church building was erected in i860 It will
seat 250, and is worth about $2,000.

The East Nankin Presbyterian Church, located
about two miles west of Inkster, was organized in
August, 1840. Their church building was first
used on October i, 1846. It will seat 140, and is
worth about $300. They had 17 members in 1840;
26 in 1850; 36 in i860; 55 in 1870; 44 in 1880; and
52 in 1889. The first pastor. Rev. Joshua A. Clay-
ton, served from 1840 to 1845, when the church
building was erected. The society left the old
school Presbyterian body, and organized as an as-
sociate Presbyterian Society subordinate to the
Associate Presbytery of Richland, Ohio. Joseph
McClintock then served for two years, and was fol-
lowed by stated supplies at short intervals,* no less
then forty different ministers of the Associate and
United Presbyterian Churches serving until Sep-
tember, 1872, when the church left the United
Presbyterian Synod and joined the Detroit Pres-
bytery.

PERRINVILLE.

This is one of the oldest villages in the county
and is named after Abraham Perrin, who bought
land here in 1829 The Methodist Episcopal
Church at this place was organized in 1864, and is
attached to Wayne. They worship in the Union
Church building erected in 1845. It will seat 200
and is worth about $1,000.

PIKE'S PEAK.

This locality, about the middle of the extreme
north part of the township, is said to have received
its name from the fact that a man named Sheperd,
from Pike's Peak, erected a mill here. It contains
a general store, blacksmith shop and water grist
mill, the latter built in 1848 by Samuel Harden-
berg, and since owned by I. M. Lewis.

SCHWARTZBURGH.

This locality is one mile west of Pike's Peak,
and is named after John E. Schwartz, who filled
various State Offices, and was a prominent charac-
ter in early territorial days

I340

NANKIN TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

EBENEZER O. BENNETT, M. D., was bom
January i6, 1838, at Maumee, Ohio, and is the son
of Ebenezer O., and Laura (Scottj Bennett. His
father, who was of English descent was born on
June 13, 1806. His mother, who was a second
cousin of the late General Winfield Scott, and of
Scottish ancestry, was born February 10, 1810.
Both^of his parents were born and reared at Ridge-
field, Connecticut, from w^hich place they moved to
Ohio in the fall of 1837, and to the township of
Nankin, in Wayne County, Michigan, in 1840, set-
tling on a farm adjoining what is known as the
Nankin Mills. Their family consisted of five sons
and one daughter, of which Ebenezer O. Bennett,
Jr., is the third. As they were pioneers in their
section of the country they suffered the hardships
usual to such a life, yet they managed to give their
children a good education, one graduating from the
State Normal School and two from the University
of Michigan. The father died on June 17, 1883,
and the mother on December 26, 1888. Both of
them were highly respected and widely known
throughout Wayne County.

The boyhood days of Ebenezer O. Bennett, Jr ,
were spent on the farm in Nankin, and in 1855 he
entered the Union School at Ypsilanti, where he
remained for three years receiving a good academic
education. On leaving school he engaged in teach-
ing until the CiVll War broke out. He with others,
listened to the call for men, 'and on October 23,
1863, he enlisted at Detroit in Company M, of
Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, and was at
once sent to the scene of action. He was engaged
with his regiment in the battle of Lookout Moun-
tain, and in 1864 was placed on detached service
until the close of the War, and on May 8, 1865,
was mustered out of service. On his return home,
he again engaged in teaching until 1875, when he
entered the medical department of the University
of Michigan, and on graduating in 1878 was ap-
pointed by the regents house surgeon of Univer-
sity hospital. He held this position for one year, and
then resigned to become Medical Superintendent of
the Wayne County Asylum, which position he still

holds. Since Dr. Bennett has become Superintend-
ent of the Asylum he has introduced some radical
changes in the management of the institution and
in the care and treatment of the insane. He has
profited by the field offered for observation and in-
vestigation into mental diseases, and to-day is an
acknowledged expert on insanity. Though advanc-
ing many new ideas on this subject, his views have
been vindicated by the successful manner in which
he has treated many desperate cases, while the af-
fection and esteem with which he is regarded by
those under his charge, and the model condition of
the Asylum testify both to the good qualities of his
heart and to his executive ability and foresight.

Though a Republican in principle, Dr. Bennett
has been too deeply engrossed with the cares of the
large institution under his control to give much at-
tention to politics. He is a member of the Congre-
gational Church, and belongs to the State Medical
Society, to the American Medical Society, and was
a member of the Ninth International Medical Con-
gress held at Washington in 1887.

Physically he is a man of prepossessing and schol-
arly appearance. Quiet and unostentatious in his
ways, he nevertheless posessses great energy of char-
acter and strong reserve power. Slow in forming his
judgments, he nevertheless acts promptly on them
when once formed. Of a friendly, hospitable na-
ture, he quickly makes friend ^nd long retains them
His career is a good illustration of what industry,
determination, correct habits and upright conduct
(Jo to create success. He is eminently a self-made
man, starting out with nothing but the talents which
nature, had conferred on him, he steadily persisted,
overcoming obstacles, and slowly rising, until today
he holds one' of the most responsible medical posi-
tions in the State.

On October 28, 1 863, he married Janetta D. Fel-
ton. They have one son Joseph E. Bennett, and
one daughter Mary A. Bennett. His son is also a
member of the medical profession, having gradu-
ated from the medical department of the Univer-
sity of Michigan, in June, 1890.

/^

S.€. /A

^ r- / ( f

/X

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP—ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP.

I34I

The preliminary meeting which led to the organ-
ization of this township was held in February, 1827,
at the house of John Tibbits, who was made chair-
man of the meeting ; A. B. Markham w^as chosen
secretary It was agreed to ask for a township
organization by the name of Plymouth, the name
being proposed by William Bartow. The township
was duly created by the Legislative Council and
included the two government townships now known
as Plymouth and Canton.

The first township meeting was held at the house
of J. Tibbits on May 4, 1827. Wm. Bartow was
elected moderator, and A. B. Markham, clerk. The
officers elected in that and subsecjuent years have
been as follows :

1827. Supervisor, William Bartow ; Clerk, Allen
Tibbits ; Assessors, Roswell Root, Henry Lyon, E.
W. Starkweather; Overseers of the Poor, A. B,
Markham, Cyrus Cole, Luther Lincoln ; Commis-
sioners, G. W. Benton, Rufus Thayer, Benj. Slocum ;
Constable, A. Bradford.

1828. Supervisor, William Bartow ; Clerk, Jona-
than D. Davis ; Assessors, R. Root, E. W. Stark-
weather, H. Lyon ; Highway Commissioners, A. Y.
Murray, R. Thayer, E. Hussey; Collector, E. H.
Utley ; Poor Directors, L. Lincoln, A. Y. Murray;
Constables, Z. Bird, E. H. Utley, Wm. Tibbits.

1829. Supervisor, William Bartow ; Clerk,
Henry Lyon ; Assessors, R. Root, E. W. Stark-
weather, P. Taylor ; Collector, E. H. Utley ; Poor
Directors, L. Lincoln, B. Slocum ; Highway Com-
missioners, R. Thayfer, E. Hussey, A. Moore ; Con-
stables, E. H Utley. Z. Bird, G. Ramsdell ; Trus-
tees of School, J. Purdy, I. Davis, S. Sterling.

1830. Supervisor, Roswell Root; Clerk, H. B.
Holbrook ; Assessors, P. Taylor, R. Holmes, I. M.
Hough ; Collector, E. H. Utley ; Highway Commis-
sioners, R. Thayer, A. Moore, I. Nash ; Constables,
E. H. Utley, G. W. Dunn ; Poor Directors, Wm.
Bartow, H. Ward, J. Purdy, J. Tibbits, L. Lincoln;
Treasurer of the Poor, Wm. Starkweather.

1 83 1. Supervisor, James Purdy; Clerk, Henry
Lyon ; Treasurer, Wm. Starkweather ; Collector,
E. H. Utley; Highway Commissioners, I. Nash,
P. Bird, M. Andrews ; School Commissioners, R.
Thayer, Jr. Wm. Packard, A. Moore,^I. M. Hough,
R. Holmes ; School Inspectors, H. B. Holbrook,
Wm. Markham, E. Hussey, J. F. Chubb, A. Tib-
bits ; Constables, E. H. Utley, J. Westfall, G. W.
Dunn ; Poor Director, J. Tibbits.

1832. Supervisor, Philo Taylor; Clerk, J. F.
Chubb; Assessors, R. Thayer, Jr., E. Hussey, T. F.
Sheldon; Highway Commissioners J. Yerkes, R.

Root, J. Safford; Collector, E. H. Utley; Con-
stables, G. Carlton, E. H. Utley, C. F. Bradshaw,J.
B. Clark; Treasurer, R. Root; Poor Director, J.
Tibbits.

1833. Supervisor, Philo Taylor; Clerk, J. F.
Chubb; Treasurer, R. Root; Poor Director. Wm.
Bradner ; Assessors, R. Thayer, J. Safford, W. Dun-
lap ; Highway Commissioners, Wm. Bradner, H.
Lyon, J. Safford ; Collector. Peter Berdan ; School
Commissioners, Wm. Utley, E. Hussey, A. Y. Mur-
ray ; School Inspectors, L. Wittie, J. F. Chubb, W.
W. Markham, W. Hanford, R. Holmes ; Constables,
S. Sterling, P. Berdan, J. J. Downer.

1834. Supervisor, Roswell Root; Clerk, Jona-
than D. Davis; Assessors, D. L. Cady, E. Hussey,
H. Larraway; Highway Commissioners, P. Teeple,
T. Bradner. G. Ramsdell; Collector, P. Berdan;
School Commissioner, J Crane ; School Inspectors,
J. D. Davis, E. Hussey, W. W. Markham, J. Crane,
H. B. Holbrook; Poor Directors, W. Bradner, W.
Starkweather ; Constables, P. Berdan, R. D. Power,
O. Spaulding, W. Joy.

1835. Supervisor, J. M. Mead; Clerk, W. S.
Gregory; Assessors, H. F. Bradley, Wm. Utley, E.
Hussey; Highway Commissioners, M. Allen, N.
Ramsdell, R. Holmes ; Collector, P. Berdan ; Poor
Directors, J. Tibbits, P. Taylor; Constables, O.
Spaulding, P. Berdan, M. Thompson.

1836. Supervisor, Horace A. Noyes; Clerk,
William S. Gregory ; Justices of the Peace, for one
year, Roswell Root, for two years, Daniel L. Cady,
for three years, Caleb Harrington, for four years,
Horace A. Noyes; Assessors, H. S. Bradley, C.
Harrington. J. Westfall ; Collector, W. D. Robin-
son ; Poor Directors, W. Bradner, J. Tibbits ; High-
way Commissioners, R. Holmes, N. Ramsdell, 2d,
P. Teeple ; Common School Commissioners, J.
Cram, P. Taylor, E. Woodruff; School Inspectors,
J. Cram, J. Beal, W. G. Smith, H. A Noyes. D. A.
McFarlin ; Constables, M. Randolph, J. Harrington,
J. W. Root, W. D. Robinson.

1837. Supervisor, Jonathan Shearer; Clerk,
Wm. S. Gregory; Assessors, J. Westfall, J. Purdy,
E Moore; Collector, J. Harrington; Poor Direct-
ors, W. Bradner, P. Westfall; Highway Commis-
sioners, W. Bradner, C. Harrington, P. Westfall ;
School Inspectors, H. A. Noyes, J. Cram, L. W.
Purdy ; Justice of the Peace, R. Root ; Constables,
J. Harrington, J. W. Root, M. Randolph, W. D.
Robinson.

1838. Supervisor, James DeMott ; Clerk, Wil-
liam S. Gregory ; Assessors, H. S. Bradley, Wm.
Utley, W. W. Markham; Poor Directors, R.

1342

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Thayer, Jr., C. B. Packard; Highway Commission-
ers, A. B. Markham, G. Ramsdell, R. Holmes ;
Collector, J. Harrington ; School Inspectors, W.
Starkweather, T. T. Lyon, J. Cram ; Justice of the
Peace, J. Cram ; Constables, J. W. Root, J. Har-
rington, L. J. Thompson, H. Cady.

1839. Supervisor, James DeMott ; Clerk, Wil-
liam S. Gregory ; Treasurer, H. M. Perrin ; Justice
of the Peace, Wm. N. Stevens; Collector, H. Lewis ;
Poor Directors, B. G. Barker, Wm. Dunlap ; As-
sessors, R. Thayer, Jr., H. S. Bradley, W. W.
Markham ; Highway Commissioners, C. Johnson,
A. Burr, J. L. Johnson ; School Inspectors, J.
Cram. E. Welch, S. Jones; Constables, H. Lewis,
A. Plumsted, J. W. Root, D. Ramsdell.

1840. Supervisor, William W. Markham ;
Clerk, Joshua Scattergood ; Justices of the Peace,
H. A. Noyes, L. P^rguson ; Treasurer, H. M. Per-
rin ; Assessors, J. Westfall, H. Lyon, H. S. Brad-
ley ; Collector, J. W. Root; School Inspectors, T. T.
Lyon, E. Welch, J. Brearley ; Highway Commis-
sioners, R. Holmes, A. Burr, J. DeMott; Poor
Directors, R. Blackwood, J. Kellogg ; Constables,
E. W. Chaffee, J. W. Root, W. A. Wilson, D.
Wood.

1841. Supervisor, Caleb Harrington; Clerk,
Horace A. Noyes ; Justice of the Peace, H. Fra-
lick; Treasurer, D. H. Rowland; Collector, E. W.
Chaffee ; Assessors, H. S. Bradley, H. Lyon, J.
Westfall; Highway Commissioners, L. Ferguson,

A. Stevens, G. Barlow; School Inspectors, D. H.
Rowland, H. A Noyes, L. J. Thompson; Poor
Directors, A. W. Holliday, W. S. Gregory; Con-
stables, J. Fuller, E. W. Chaffee, A. Whittaker, R.

B. Stewart.

1842. Supervisor, Ebenezer J. Penniman ; Clerk,
Jesse Cram ; Treasurer, P. Fralick ; Justices of the
Peace, L. Ferguson, P. Taylor; Assessors, E.
Morse, Z. Phelps; Highway Commissioners, G.
Barlow, E. Morse, E. Pennell; School Inspectors,
B. M. Noyes, L. J. Thompson, D. H. Rowland ;
Poor Directors, L. Ferguson, J. Kellogg; Con-
stables L. A. Cook, J. M. Bentley, A. Fralick, M,
Randolph.

1843. Supervisor, Ebenezer J. Penniman;
Clerk, Jesse Cram ; Treasurer, L. J. Thompson ;
Justice of the Peace, Wm. N. Stevens; Assessors,
L. Ferguson, R. Holmes; Highway Commissioners,
A. Burr, J. Westfall, E. Morse ; School Inspectors, N.
W. Cram, two years, B. Noyes, one year; Overseers
of the Poor, A. Shattuck, E. Morse ; Constables, J.
M. Bentley, M. Randolph, L. A Cook, A. Fralick

1844. Supervisor, Ebenezer J. Penniman;
Clerk, Jesse Cram ; Treasurer, Wm. N. Stevens ;
Justice of the Peace, L. J. Thompson ; Assessor^!
J. Westfall, E. Morse; Highway Commissioners,
M. L. Shutts, G. Barlow, E. Morse; School In-

spector, C. J. Kellogg ; Poor Directors, A. Shat-
tuck, L. Ferguson ; Constables, J. M. Bentley, T.
D. Winchester, M. Randolph, E. Whittaker.

1845. Supervisor, Henry B. Holbrook ; Clerk,
Nathaniel W. Cram ; Treasurer, Wm. N. Stevens ;
Justice of the Peace, J. Scattergood ; Assessors, A.
Burr, R. Blackwood; Highway Commissioners, D.
D. Johnson, M. Lockhead, J. W. Root ; School In-
spectors, W. W. Markham, S. S. Bullock ; Poor
Directors, J. Scott, J. Davis ; Constables, D. Con-
nor, T. D. Winchester, N. H. Cady, J. M. Adams.

1846. Supervisor, Henry B. Holbrook; Clerk,
David Clarkson ; Treasurer, Wm. H. Ramsdell;
Justices of the Peace, Wm. Hinsdill, J. Elwell ;
Assessors, D. Kingsley, J. Westfall ; Highway
Commissioners, M. L. Shutts, B. Gooch, F. Rit-
nour; School Inspector, B. Noyes ; Poor Directors,
S. H. M. Obea, D. L. Cady ; Constables. W. Wil-
son, T. D. Winchester, M. Randolph, J. R. Gear.

1847. Supervisor, Jonathan Shearer; Clerk,
Walter D. Whalen ; Treasurer, Wm. Taft ; Justices
of the Peace, W. N Stevens, C. Pudney ; Highway
Commissioners, J. W. Root, three years, H. Colton,
two years, G. Ramsdell, one year; School Inspector,
W. Sickles; Poor Directors, A. Mead, J. Tibbits[;
Constables, T. D. Winchester, T. Tozer, C. N.
Booth, W. W.Wilson.

1848. Supervisor. Jonathan Shearer; Clerk,
William H. Gregory; Treasurer, W. H. Ramsdell;
Justices of the Peace, B. Holbrook, C. B. Packard ;
Assessors, H. H. Bradley, R. Thayer; School In-
spector, J. S. Tibbits; Poor Directors, W. S. Greg-
ory, A. Mead ; Highway Commissioner, G. Rams-
dell; Constables, T. D. Winchester, M. L. Whit-
ney.

1849. Supervisor, Henry Fralick; Clerk, Wil-
liam H. Gregory; Treasurer, D. F. Mitchell; Jus-
tice of the Peace, H. Colton; Assessors, H. S.
Bradley, R. Thayer; School Inspector, M. A.
Mosher ; Poor Directors, A Mead, W. S. Gregory;
Highway Commissioner, G. Barlow ; Constables,
C. A. Robinson, J. Miller, T. D. Winchester, M. L.
Whitney.

1850. Supervisor, Ebenezer J. Penniman;
Clerk, William H. Gregory ; Treasurer, T. Stev-
ens ; Justice of the Peace, C. Pudney ; Assessors,
H. S. Bradley, R. Thayer ; Highway Commis-
sioner, M. L. Shutts; School Inspector, J. S. Tib-
bits ; Poor Directors, W. S. Gregory, A. Mead ;
Constables, A. Fralick, M. L. Whitney, T. D.
Winchester, S. B. Bryant.

1 85 1. Supervisor, Jacob B. Covert and Thomas
P. May, Jr., each part of a year; Clerk, William
H. Gregory ; Treasurer, T. Stevens ; Justices of the
Peace, I.N. Hedden, J. Fuller; Highway Commis-
sioner, W. Scott ; Assessors, J. Westfall, L. Tur-
rill ; School Inspector, E, Adams ; Constables, W.

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1343

W. Wilson, S B Bryant, J. McCarn, H. H.
Baker.

1852. Supervisor, Henry Fralick; Clerk, Wil-
liam H. Gregory ; Treasurer T. Stevens ; Justice
of the Peace, C. B. Packard ; School Inspector,
J. S. Tibbits ; Assessors, R. Thayer, H. S. Brad-
ley; Highway Commissioner, G. Ramsdell; Poor
Directors, J. Clarkson, J. M. Adams; Constables,
R. Stilwill, G. W. Swift, S. J. Chilson, S. Bryant.

1853. Supervisor, John S. Tibbits; Clerk, Wil-
liam H. Gregory ; Treasurer, W. B. Sellick ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, G. A. Starkweather, M. Ran-
dolph ; School Inspector, D. F. Mitchell ; Highway
Commissioner, J. M. Adams ; Poor Directors, J. M.
Adams, D. Clarkson ; Constables, M. L. Whitney,
D. Ramsdell, H. Baker. J. N. McFarlan.

1854. Supervisor, John S. Tibbits; Clerk, John
N. Scott ; Treasurer, S. Bryant ; Justices of the
Peace, B. S. Taylor, L. Ferguson; Highway Com-
missioner, C. H. Bennett ; School Inspectors, W.
H. Gregory, H. B. Thayer ; Poor Directors, P.
Fralick, E. C. Willis ; Constables, S. Bryant, H.
Baker, J. C. Nevins, C. Valentine.

1855. Supervisor, George A. Starkweather;
Clerk, William H. Gregory ; Treasurer, S. Wil-
liams ; Justice of the Peace, C. H. Bennett ; High-
way Commissioner, R. Thayer ; School Inspectors,
H. B. Thayer. W. D. Whalen ; Poor Directors,
L. Westfall, H. S. Bradley; Constables, S. Bryant,
H. Baker, J. Ambler, J. Miller.

1856. Supervisor, John S. Tibbits; Clerk, Wil-
liam H. Gregory; Treasurer, J. B. Brumfield ;
Justice of the Peace, C. Pudney ; School Inspector,
T. T. Lyon ; Highway Commissioner, J. M.
Adams; Poor Directors, W. S. Gregory, H. S.
Bradley; Constables, H. P. Bradley, S. Bryant, J.
B. Brumfield, L. Lapham.

1857. Supervisor, Horace Bradley; Clerk, Wil-
liam H. Gregory; Treasurer, J. W. Elliott; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Geo. A. Starkweather, N. D.
Whalen; School Inspector, H. P. Sly; Highway
Commissioner, J. Allen ; Poor Directors, H. S.
Bradley, W. B. Gregory; Constables, J. F. Chilson,
J. W. Elliott, J. Ovenshire, D. Berdan,

1858. Supervisor, George A. Starkweather;
Clerk, William H. Gregory, William S. Gregory
and Theodatus T. Lyon, each part of a year;
Treassurer, I. F. Chilson ; Justices of the Peace, B.
S. Taylor, J. W. McFarlan; School Inspector, W.
H, Serviss ; Highway Commissioner, R. Thayer;
Poor Directors, John Diamond, C. Crosby; Con-
stables, I. F. Chilson, E L. Booth, E. K. Simmonds,
J. F. Starkweather.

1859. Supervisor, George A. Starkweather;
Clerk, William H. Serviss; Treasurer, E K. Sim-
monds; Justices of the Peace, J. N. McFarlan, L.
Noble; School Inspectors, H. B. Thayer, J. Rod-

gers; Highway Commissioner, W. V. Ely; Poor
Directors, J. Diamond, G. Young; Constables, E.
K. Simmonds, I. F. Chilson, J. F. Starkweather, E.
L. Booth.

i860. Supervisor, William Taft; Clerk, Isaac
N. Hedden ; Treasurer, M. L. Whitney; Justice of
the Peace, C. B. Packard ; School Inspector, C. A.
Frisbee ; Highway Commissioner, W. S. Johnson ;
Poor Directors, H. Colton, H. S. Bradley; Constables,
M. L. Whitney, A. Dodge, H. Lount, E. Booth.

1 86 1. Supervisor, William Taft; Clerk, Law-
rence Noble and Henry O. Hanford, each part of a
year; Treasurer, J. N. Withee ; Justice of the
Peace, G. A. Starkweather; School Inspector, H.
B. Thayer; Highw^ay Commissioner, H. B. Thayer;
Poor Directors, A. D. Kendrick, C. Crosby; Con-
stables, J. S. Jackson, H. Lount, N. H. May, M. L.
Whitney.

1862. Supervisor, George A. Starkweather;
Clerk, Michael Conner; Treasurer, J. Manning;
Justices of the Peace, R. McFarlan, A. Brigham ;
School Inspector, C. A. Frisbee; Highway Com-
missioner, W. V. Ely; Poor Directors H. Newman,
H. S. Bradley; Constables. J. Manning, N. Collins,
S. J. Lockwood, N. H. May.

1863. Supervisor, Winfield Scott; Clerk, Jerome
T. Johnson ; Treasurer, J. D. Turrell ; Justice of the
Peace, D. B. Penny; Highway Commissioner, W.
T. Johnson ; Poor Directors, H. Newman, A. D.
Kendrick ; School Inspector, H. B. Thayer ; Con-
stables, J. S. Jackson, J. M. Loud, N. H. May, J.
D. Turrell.

1864. Supervisor, Winfield Scott ; Clerk, James
P. Donaldson ; Treasurer, J. D. Turrell ; Justices of
the Peace, A. Brigham, F. R. Beal, J. T. Johnson ;
School Inspector, C. A. Frisbee; Highway Com-
missioner, H. B. Thayer; Poor Directors, I. N.
Hedden, A. VanValkenburg ; Constables, J. N.
Loud, J. S. Covert, J. D. Turrell, D. Moreland.

1865. Supervisor, Winfield Scott ; Clerk. James
P. Donaldson ; Treasurer, O. Eddy ; Justices of the
Peace, G. A. Starkweather, H. C. Benton ; School
Inspector, H. B. Thayer ; Highway Commissioner,
W. V. Ely ; Poor Directors, G. Young, A. N. Cur-
tis; Constables, L. A. Yerkes, H. C. Markham, J.
S. Jackson, H. Tafft.

1866. Supervisor, Hiram R. Thayer; Clerk,
John Rodgers ; Treasurer, E. S. Horton ; Justice of
the Peace, S. Hungerford; Highway Commissioner,
H. C. Benton; School Inspector, C. A. Frisbee;
Poor Directors, A. N. Curtis, T. McClumphia ;
Constables, J. B. Berdan, H. C. Markham, A. N.
Curtis, E. S. Horton.

1867. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer; Clerk,
Edward S. Horton ; Treasurer, Otis Eddy ; Justice
of the Peace, John Rodgers ; School Inspector, W.
M. Osband ; Highway Commissioners, D. Clarkson,

1344

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

I. N. Hedden ; Poor Directors, E. Simmons, T.
McClumphia ; Constables, J. B. Berdan, J. F.
Starkweather, W. H. Brigham, E. K. Simons.

1868. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer ;" Clerk,
Oscar A. Eraser ; Treasurer, S. S. Eddy ; Justice of
the Peace, H. C. Benton ; School Inspector, C. A.
Frisbee, F. R. Beal ; Highway Commissioner. I. N.
Hedden ; Poor Directors, E. Simons, T. McClum-
phia ; Constables, J. B. Berdan, D. H. Downer, H.
C. Markham, J. F. Starkweather.

1869. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer ; Clerk, Mar-
cus G. B. Swift; Treasurer, A. Joy; Justices of the
Peace, I. N. Hedden, W. Scott ; School Inspectors,
W. P. Hungerford, O. A. Eraser ; Highway Commis-
sioner, H. C. Benton ; Poor Directors, E. Simons,
T. McClumphia ; Constables, J. S. Jackson, C.
Congdon, J. F. Starkweather, H. C. Markham.

1870. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer; Clerk,
Roswell D. Root ; Treasurer, S. F. Hughes ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, W. D. Whalen, A. E. Pardee ;
School Inspector, C. A. Frisbee; Highway Com-
missioner, D. Clarkson ; Poor Directors, H. P.
Sly, E. Simon ; Constables, C. Congdon, J. S.
Jackson, A. J. Lapham, H. C. Markham.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer; Clerk,
Walter D. Whalen ; Treasurer, Enoch S. Moulton ;
Justice of the Peace. J. Rodgers ; School Inspector,
W. P. Hungerford; Highway Commissioner, I. N.
Hedden ; Poor Directors, E. Simons, T. McClum-
phia ; Constables, H. C. Markham, Charles Cong-
don, J. S. Jackson, W. H. Hudson.

1872. Supervisor. Winfield Scott; Clerk, Ros-
well L. Root ; Treasurer, B. G. Webster ; Justice of
the Peace. A E. Pardee ; Highway Commissioner,
N. C. Benton ; School Inspector. C. A. Frisbee ;
Drain Commissioner, W. T. Johnson ; Constables,
W. Orr, J. S. Jackson, C. Congdon. H. C. Markham.

1873. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer; Clerk,
Charles E. Clarkson ; Treasurer, I. Chilson ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, D Clarkson ; Highway Commis-
sioner, C Root ; School Inspector, W. P. Hunger-
ford ; Drain Commissioner, H. R. Holmes; Con-
stables, J. S. Jackson, J. M. Ambler, W. Orr, I.
Chilson. *

1874. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer; Clerk,
Charles E. Clarkson; Treasurer, J. M. Loud; Jus-
tice of the Peace, W. H. Ambler ; Highway Com-
missioner, H. R. Holmes ; Poor Directors, T.
McClumphia; School Inspector, C. A. Frisbee;
Drain Commissioner, H. P. Sly ; Constables, J. C,
Buckner, J. S. Jackson, I. F. Chilson. W. W. Orr.

1875. Supervisor, Winfield Scott ; Clerk, Roswell
L. Root; Treasurer, E. S. Horton ; Justice of the
Peace, A. Stevens ; Highway Commissioner, E. B.
Bradner; Supt. Schools, James Dubuar ; School
Inspector, C. A Frisbee; Poor Director, T. Mc-
Clumphia ; Drain Commissioner, T. McClumphia ;

Constables, J. S. Jackson, J. C. Buckner, I. F. Chil-
son, J. F. Starkweather.

1 876. Supervisor, Winfield Scott ; Clerk, James
K. Lowden; Treasurer, C. W. Bradner; Justice of
the Peace, H. W. Baker; Supt. Schools, C. A. Fris-
bee ; Highway Commissioner, E. P. Bradner ;
Drain Commissioner, T. McClumphia ; Constables,
J. W. Davis, J. C. Buckner, I. F. Chilson, W. H.
Hudson.

1877. Supervisor, Winfield Scott ; Clerk, Abram
Pelham ; Treasurer, A. Pomeroy ; Justices of the
Peace, J. K. Lowden, B. C. Bunnell; Highway
Commissioner. E. B. Thompson ; Supt. Schools, J.
Dubuar ; School Inspector, C. A. Frisbee ; Poor
Directors, D. White, T. McClumphia; Drain Com-
missioner, T. McClumphia; Constables, J. W.
Davis, J. C. Buckner, I. F. Chilson, W. H Wherry.

1878. Supervisor, Henry Hurd ; Clerk, Edwin
Root ; Treasurer, A. Joy ; Justices of the Peace, G.
Kator ; School Inspector, E. K. Simonds ; Supt.
Schools, A. D. Stevens; Highway Commissioner,
T. McClumphia; Poor Directors, C. Baker, J.
Waterman ; Constables O. Westfall, I. Plate, F.
Perrine, C. Perigo.

1879. Supervisor, Winfield Scott; Clerk, Abram
Pelham ; Treasurer, J. O. Knapp ; Justice of the
Peace, B. Poole; Highway Commissioner, E. B.
Thompson ; Supt. Schools, R. C. Safford ; School
inspector, Chas. A. Frisbee ; Overseers of the Poor,
A. Stevens, D. White ; Drain Commissioner, H. R.
Holmes ; Constables, I. F. Chilson, W. N. Wherry,
J. W. Davis, F. N. Perrine.

1880. Supervisor, Samuel J. Springer; Clerk,
William H. Ambler; Treasurer, E. P. Lombard;
Justice of the Peace, J. Fuller; Highway Commis-
sioner, E. B Thompson; Supt Schools, R. C.
Safford ; School Inspector, C. A Frisbee ; Over-
seers of the Poor, D. White, T. McClumphia;
Drain Commissioner, H. R. Holmes; Constables,
J. W. Davis, F. N. Perrine, J. F. Chilson, W. N.
Wherry.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Samuel J. Springer; Clerk,
Cyrus A. Pinckney ; Treasurer, E. P. Lombard ;
Justice of the Peace, J. Fuller; L. W. Hutton;
Supt. Schools, C. DeMuth ; School Inspector, C. A.
Frisbee ; Highway Commissioner, J. O. Harmon ;
Overseers of the Poor, T. McClumphia, D. White ;
Drain Commissioner, H. R. Holmes ; Constables,
J. C. Buckner, T. B. Fulkins, W. N. Wherry, I. F.
Chilson.

1882. Supervisor, Hiram B. Thayer; Clerk,
William H. Ambler ; Treasurer, E. W» Chaffee ;
Justice of the Peace, A. M. Randolph ; Highway
Commissioner, J. W. Tafft ; School Inspector, C.
DeMuth ; W. H. Cheever ; Drain Commissioner, C.
D. Durfee; Constables, I. F. Chilson, W. N.
Wherry, J. C. Buckner, F. N Perrine.

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION ANU OFFICERS.

1345

1883. Supervisor, Charles D. Durfee; Clerk,
William H. Ambler ; Treasurer, E. P. Lombard ;
Justices of the Peace, B. Poole, R. McFarlan ;
Highway Commissioner, J. G. Bradner; Drain
Commissioner, H. R. Holmes ; School Inspector,
C. A. Frisbee ; Constables, J. W. Davis, J. C.
Buckner, D. F. Policy, I. F. Chilson.

1884. Supervisor, Charles D. Durfee; Clerk,
William H. Ambler; Treasurer, E. P. Lombard;
Justices of the Peace, C W. Valentine, H. D.
Clark ; School Inspectors, W. H. Cheever, T. C.
Sherwood ; Highway Commissioner, J. G. Bradner;
Drain Commissioner, H. R. Holmes ; Constables,
J. W. Davis, F. N. Perrine, M. R. Weeks, I. F.
Chilson.

1885. Supervisor, Charles D. Durfee; Clerk,
William H. Ambler; Treasurer, E. W. Chaffee;
Justices of the Peace, L. W. Hutton, D W. White;
School Inspector, T. C. Sherwood; Highway Com-
missioner, J. G. Bradner; Constables, I. F. Chilson,
A. Holloway, P. E. White, J. W. Davis.

1886. Supervisor, Charles D. Durfee ; Clerk,
Eugene P. Lombard ; Treasurer, E. S. Horton ;
Justice of the Peace, D. B. Northrop; School In-
spector, F. G. Terrill; Highway Commissioner, J.
G Bradner ; Drain Commissioner, H. R. Holmes ;
Constables, I. F. Chilson, H. Lount, M. R. Weeks,
J. C. Buckner.

1887. Supervisor, William H. Ambler; Clerk,
Eugene P. Lombard ; Treasurer, E. S. Horton ;
Justice of the Peace, B. Poole ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. V. Harmon; School Inspector, T. C.
Sherwood ; Constables, J. W. Davis, ]. C. Buckner,
I. F. Chilson, W. N. Wherry.

1888. Supervisor, William H. Ambler; Clerk,
Eugene P. Lombard ; Treasurer, A. Pomeroy ;
Justice of the Peace, I. F. Chilson; Highway Com-
missioner, J. V. Harmon ; Drain Commissioner^
H. R. Holmes ; School Inspector, F. G. Terrill ;
Constables, M. W. Reed, H. F. Jackson, C. Micol,
J. E. Hood.

1889. Supervisor, William H. Ambler; Clerk,
George Hunter; Treasurer, A. Pomeroy; Justice
of the Peace, I. N. Blackwood ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. V. Harmon ; School Inspector, T. S.
Clark ; Constables, C. J. Micol, J. E. Hood, M. W.
Reed, H. F. Jackson.

1890 Supervisor, L. C. Hough; Clerk, A. C.
Donner ; Treasurer, G. W. Hunter ; Justice of the
Peace, D. B. Northrup ; Highway Commissioner,
W. P. Johnson; Drain Commissioner, H. R.
Holmes ; School Inspector, C. H. Caldron ; Board
of Review, M. Conner, E. B. Thompson ; Con-
stables, J. E. Wood, H C. Cole, M. W. Reed, G.
Wagner.

At the first township meeting a tax of $154.40
was levied on the 140 taxpayers in the township,

and as more than half of the tax was upon lands
owned by non-residents, there was but $66.90 to be
collected. Mr. A. B. Markham some years ago
gave a humorous account of his spending nearly an
entire month travelling through the snow to collect
this amount. He finally became almost discour-
aged, and after throwing off all of his percentage
as collector, he worked four days to get funds
enough to make up the entire amount due, paid
the sum over, and since that time has been satis-
fied to do without the honors or emoluments of
office.

On March 7, 1834, the township was divided,
and the town of Canton created. On March 7,
1878, it was voted to divide the township of Ply-
mouth into two election districts, in compliance
with a law of May 23, J877, and Sections i to 18,
both inclusive, were designated as the first election
.district, the meetings to be held in the village of
Northville. Sections 19 to 36, each inclusive,
were designated as the second election district, the
meetings to be held at the village of Plymouth.

In 1888 the township of Plymouth was divided
into six whole and five fractional school districts.
One thousand one hundred and twenty seven pu-
pils were enrolled with an average daily attendance
of 796, as shown by the reports for the year end-
ing September 3, 1888. The same reports show
four brick houses, costing $35,500, and having
seats for 889 pupils, and seven frame houses, cost-
ing $4,150, and seating 238. The district libraries
contained a total of 4,989 volumes. Five male
and twenty-three female teachers were employed.
The population in 1850 was 2,431 ; in 1870, 3,016;
and in 1880, 3,339. The valuation in 1840 was
$328,808 in 1850, $180,818; in i860, $507,522;
in 1870, $636,470; in 1880, $1,963,270.

PLYMOUTH.

The settlement which has grown into the village
of Plymouth began in 1825. In that year William
Starkweather made a clearing and erected a log
house on the site of the present village, where the
residence of John Fuller was afterwards located.
The same year J. S. Tibbits, Roswell Root, John
Van Sickle, and others, became his neighbors, and
there came soon afterwards A. B. Markham, John
Miller, Peter and Henry Fralick, Silas Sly, Rufus
Thayer, William and Hiram Utley, Lyman Ter-
rill, Esquire Taylor. John Welch. Benajah and
Henry Holbrook. About the same time the follow-
ing persons also settled in the town : Paul W.
Hazen, Erastus Hussey, David Phillips Luther
Lincoln, Wm. Markham, E. W. Starkweather,
Henry Ward, Walter McFarlan, Wm. Bartow,
Timothy Lyon, John Westfall, Calvin Whipple and

1346

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Clark Griswold. The first white woman to venture
into the present limits of Plymouth was Keziah,
wife of Wm. Starkweather, and mother of George
A Starkweather, who was the second white child
born in the township. The most of the settlers of
1825 left their families for a time in Detroit. The
first white child born in the township was Oscar
Phillips, the son of David Phillips.

A. B. Markham, who built the first hand-power
mill, says : "I was two whole days building the
mill, and it answered very well for grinding corn.
Two boys or two women could grind a bushel of
corn in one hour. In making the mill Mr. Mark-
ham felled a large, tall and straight oak tree, flat-
tened the upper end of the trunk for a distance
of about seventy feet, cut a trench in it, a foot
wide and ten inches deep and narrowed almost
to a point ; a wheel a foot thick was then sawed
from the large end of the tree, the edge pared
down to fit the trench, an axle put through it, and
on being lifted into place the wheel was ready to
grind, by being moved back and forth in the
trench Half a bushel of corn could be ground in
about twenty minutes." In the fall of 1825 Luther
Lincoln built a saw-mill on Section 26. and very
soon after Timothy Lyon built a mill on Section 23,
and Morris Smith one on Section 25.

In these early da^^s, when settlers were few, one
man was frequently called upon to fill several of-
fices, and in his reminiscences A. B. Markham
speaks of serving at the same time as fence viewer,
road master, collector, and constable.

In the early part of the year 1827 a meeting was
held at the house of John Tibbits for the purpose
of organizing a military company, and Ira M.
Hough was chosen captain ; Stephen Root and
Abram Lara way were chosen under officers.

Among the earliest store-keepers were Frisbee
Chubb, Timothy Lyon and Levi Bishop. The lat-
ter had a shop here from 1825 to 1830 The first
blacksmith of whom there is any recollection was
Alanson Knickerbocker. Luther Lincoln's saw
and grist mill was about half a mile east of the
present village of Plymouth, and "Uncle" John
Miller's grist mill was located at what is now
known as Northviile. The first brick building in
the township was erected by Henry Ward on Section
32. The post-office for some years was known as
Plymouth Corners. The first postmaster was Gideon
P. Benton. He carried the mail in his hat or tied
it up in his handkerchief.

The village of Plymouth was laid out and re-
corded in 1837, by Henry B. Holbrook. In 1838, a
year after the plat was recorded, the village had a
Presbyterian church, five stores, a Wild Cat bank,
known as the Wayne County Bank (see page 851),
three taverns, and a drug store.

The village was incorporated by Act of March
15, 1867, and ten days afterward an election was
held a' the hotel of Thomas Whipple, known as
the Adams House, at which Gabriel Youngs and
John Rodgers were elected judges of election, and
O. A. Frazier, clerk. The 1 29 votes polled resulted
in the election of the following officers : President,
Bethuel Noyes ; Recorder, Michael Conner ; Treas-
urer, A. B. Coleman; Assessors, Lewis H. Ben-
nett, William A. Bassett; Trustees, Samuel Hard-
enburgh, Isaac N Hedden, Ira M. Hough, Abram
Fralick, Francis W. Fairman.

The officers elected in subsequent years are as
follows :

1868. President, Michael Conner; Recorder,
Isaac N. Hedden ; Trustees, Samuel Hardenburgh,
Stephen Roe, I. Gleason, A. B. Coleman, Wm. A.
Bassett ; Treasurer, O. A. Frazier ; Assessors, E.
L. Moulton. L. H. Bennett.

1869. President, Michael Conner; Recorder,
Oscar A. Frazier; Treasurer, N. P. Chandler;
Trustees, Wm. A. Bassett, Samuel Hardenburgh,
A. C. Perren, R. Herrick, C. B. Crosby; Assessors,
E. S. Moulton, C. A. Frisbee.

1870. President, Isaac N. Hedden ; Recorder,
Martin A. Vrooman; Treasurer, N. P. Chandler;
Trustees, A. Joy. W. W. Orr, E. S. Moulton, J.
Madden, S. Roe ; Assessors, J. W. Roe, Wm. N.
Wherry.

1871. President,- Calvin B. Crosby; Recorder,
Martin A. Vrooman; Treasurer, N. P. Chandler ;
Trustees, M. Conner, P. Gayde, E. S. Moulton, A.
A. Shaffer, W. A. Bassett; J. W. Roe, J. Gleason.

From 1 87 1 no records have been found, but on
March 4, 1879, ^he village w^as re-incorporated and
the officers since then have been as follows :

1879. President, Byron Poole ; Clerk, Martin A.
Vrooman ; Trustees for one year, A. A. Shaffer,
Wm. A. Bassett, John Fuller ; Trustees for two
years, Wm. H. Hoyt, I. Gleason, O. H. Policy ;
Treasurer, O. A. Frazier ; Assessor, Geo. A. Stark-
weather ; Street Commissioner, C. H. Burrows ;
Constable, O. Westfall; Pound Master, L. West-
fall ; Marshall, O. Westfall ; Physician, Jason P.
Safford ; President pro tern., John Fuller.

1880. President, Byron Poole; Clerk, Martin A.
Vrooman; Assessor, G. A. Starkweather; Treas-
urer, O. A. Frazier ; Trustees, J. Fuller, A. A.
Shaffer, Wm. A. Bennett ; Street Commissioner, L.
Westfall ; Constable, L Piatt.

1881. President. Byron Poole ; Clerk, Martin A.
Vrooman ; Treasurer, A. A. Tafft ; Trustees, Wm.
H. Hoyt, J. C. Peterhaus; O. H. Policy; Assessor,
Geo. A. Starkweather ; Constable, M. R. Weeks;
Street Commissioner, I. F. Chilson.

1882. President, Daniel R. Penney ; Clerk, Mar-
tin A. Vrooman ; Treasurer, C. A. Pinckney ; As-

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1347

sessor, L. Pooler ; Trustees. D. B.Wilcox, S. Baker,
L. Farwell ; Street Commissioner, A. A. Brockway;
Constable, M. R. Weeks

1883. President, Wm. H. Hoyt ; Clerk Martin
A. Vrooman ; Treasurer, C. A. Pinckney ; Assessor,
L. Pooler ; Trustees, John Bradner, P. Gayde, W.
J. Burrows, C. A. Roe; Street Commissioner, A. A.
Brockway ; Constable, D. F. Polley.

1884. President, Michael Conner ; Clerk, Martin
A. Vrooman; Treasurer, C. A. Pinckney; Trus-
tees. C. A. Frisbee, C. J. Hamilton, Willard Roe;
Assessor, B. Poole; Street Commissioner, A. A.
Brockway ; Constable, M, R. Weeks.

1885. President, Cyrus A. Pinckney; Clerk,
Harry C. Bennett; Treasurer, E. W. Chaffee; As-
sessor, F. P. Park; Trustees, C. A. Roe, J. C.
Peterhaus, T. C. Sherwood, L. H. Bennett ; Street
Commissioner, A. Passage ; Constable, M. R.
Weeks.

1886 President, Calvin B. Crosby; Clerk,
Henry Dohmstreich ; Treasurer, J. P. Woodard ;
Assessor, L. Pooler; Trustees, W. J. Bradner, Wm.
F. Markham, J. M. Ward ; Street Commissioner,
J. Hood ; Constable, F. Dunn.

1887. President. Byron Poole; Clerk, Henry
Dohmstreich and George Hunter each part of a
year ; Treasurer, L. C, Hough ; Trustees, H. Wills,
Wm. H. Bassett, J. M, Collier; Assessor, L.
Pooler ; Street Commissioner. John Hood ; Con-
stable, R. Terry.

1888. President, Byron Poole; Clerk, George
Hunter; Treasurer, L. C. Hough; Trustees, A.J.
Lapham, E. C. Leach, H. C. Robinson ; As-
sessor, Samuel Baker; Street Commissioner, J.
Hood ; Constable, F. Dunn.

1889. President, Michael Conner; Clerk, James
O. Eddy ; Treasurer, E. W. Chaffee ; Trustees, J.
M. Collier, W. J. Bradner, W. H. Bassett ; Assessor,
L. Pooler ; Street Commissioner, E. Cortrite ; Con-
stable, M. R. Weeks.

1890. President, Michael Conner; Clerk. J. O.
Eddy ; Trustees, E. C. Leach, L. C. Hough, W. F.
Markham ; Assessor, C. A. Pinckney ; Street Com-
missioner, Eli Cortrite ; Constable, Fred Dunn.

About 1 830 there was an old log school-house
on the Detroit Road on the east side of the River
Rouge. This was replaced in 1840 by a frame
house erected on Lot 6, Block 6, of the Bradner
Plat, the lot being donated by Wm. Bradner. The
building remained until the Union District No. i
was formed in 1853. There was at one time a dis-
trict school on Ann Arbor Street. A select school
was opened by E. J. Penniman on Church Street
in 1842. The building is now used as the Berdan
House barn. The very commodious and well ar-
ranged Union School building was erected in 1884
at a cost of $18,000. The school is exceptionally

well manned and managed, and is divided into four
departments, known as Primary, Intermediate,
Grammar, and High, with courses of study not sur-
passed in any city schools. An assortment of ex-
cellent philosophical and chemical apparatus is pro-
vided, and there is also a general library of r,3oo
volumes, and a large and valuable reference library.
The general library is open daily for pupils, and
twice a month to the general public.

Amity Hall, seating about 500, was completed in
1869. One of the beauties of Plymouth is the Park
of two acres in triangular shape, bounded by Sut-
ton, Ann Arbor and Main Streets. It contains a
dense forest of maple and spruce trees which were
set out in 1858.

The old Presbyterian Cemetery was opened in
1828, the North Plymouth Cemetery in 1844, and
the " Riverside," located about three-quarters of a
.mile east of the village, was established by ordi-
nance of February 3, 1880. It consists of twenty
acres on the southeast quarter of Section 26, and
cost $1,000. In addition to the cemeteries near
Plymouth and Northville, there is the " Thayer "
Cemetery, on the southwest quarter of Section 7 ;
the " Blackner" Cemetery, on the northeast quarter
of Section 28, opened about 1830; and the " Water-
ford " Cemetery, on the southeast quarter of Sec-
tion 14.

An edition of the Wayne County Review, of
Wayne, for Plymouth, with O. S. Howard as editor,
was issued in December, 1878, by J. H. Steers, In
September, 1887, it was succeeded by the Plymouth
Mail, issued at Plymouth. This is a fiye-column
quarto, and has, for a village paper, a notably large
circulation.

Among the important local events was the fire of
May 5, 1 856, which originated about half-past twelve
at night in the ball-room of Root's Hotel, on the
corner of Ann Arbor and Main Streets The fire
is believed to have been caused by the bursting of
a lamp. It spread rapidly, and made a clean sweep
of the entire block on the west side of Main Street,
from Ann Arbor to Sutton Streets. Among the
buildings destroyed were Collins Kellogg's drug
store, J. W. Root's hotel, John Kynock's shoe store,
the post-office, most of its papers and records being
saved, Fralick & Crosby's dry goods store, J. Scat-
tergood's dry goods store, Josiah Butler's jewelry
store, H Fralick's dry goods store, G. Lauffer's shoe
store, and H. Weeks's tailor shop. The two brick
buildings at the north end of the block were saved
by tearing down some of the w^ooden buildings on
the south, and the fire was controlled after a loss of
over |6o,ooo. On February 16, 1859, a boiler
exploded at May & Hendrick's saw-mill and rake
factory, on Main Street. The explosion occurred
between ten and eleven o'clock in the morning,

1348

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

while most of the men were in the woods cutting
logs, and instantly killed the engineer, Abram
Moreland, and also Henry C. Chilson, and severely
injured Peter Micol.

First Methodist Episcopal Church.

The history of the Methodist Episcopal Church
in this region begins as early as May, 1826. At
that time Rev. Joseph Hickox held a meeting at the
house of William Tibbits, on Section 28. After
him came Rev. Marcus Swift, father of Dr. John
Swift, of Northville. This region was then in what
waa known as the Huron Circuit, and in 1828 the
society had preaching at Paul Hazen's, and as early
as 1835 they had a frame church at what was called
Cooper's Corners. The ministers from 1833 were
as follows : 1833, Marcus Swift and R. Lawrence ;
1834, Marcus Swift and Lorenzo Davis ; 1835, Elijah
Crane and O. Mitchell; 1836, 'William Sprague and
David Burns; 1837, William Sprague and O. F.
North; 1838, John Kinnear and Adam Minnis ;
1839, Robert Triggs and Alanson Flemming; 1840,
Larmon Chatfield and Robert Triggs ; 1 841, Geo.
Bradley and Ebenezer Steel ; 1842, William Sprague
and George King ; 1843, Henry Vanorden and John
Scotford ; 1844, Henry Vanorden and Allen Staples ;
1845, John K. Gillett and F. W. Warren; 1846,
Horace Hall and J. W. Warren; 1847, James F.
Davidson and P. G. Buchanan ; 1 848, David Burns
and. Adam Minnis ; 1849, David Burns and Flavel
Britton ; 1850, Thomas Wakelin and J. H.Burnham;
i85i,GeorgeSmithand J. H. Burnham ; 1852, E. W.
Borden; 1853-1855, Wm. Fox; 1855. Wm. Calkins ;
1856-1858, Wm. H. Hevener ; 1858-1860, Jason W.
Kellogg; 1861-1862. W.C. Way; 1 862-1 864, S. E.
Warren; 1864- 1866, James F. Davidson; 1866-
1868, C. C. Yemans; 1868-1869, R. Bird ; 1869-
1870, S. P. Warner; 1 870-1 873, W. H. Benton;
1873-1875, ^W. Hagadorn; 1875-1877, Lewis P.
Davis; 1878-1881, J. G. Morgan; 1881-1883. G.
W. Lowe; 1 883-1 884, S. Plantz; 1884-1887, M.W.

Gifford; 1887-1889, J. M. Shank; 1889 , G.

W. Hudson. The building now occupied by the
society was built about 1847, seats 300, and cost
$2,000. The church and parsonage are estimated
as worth $8,000.

Baptist Church.

This society was organized March i, 1830, at
Shutt's Corners, a small settlement on the east half
of Section 31, on the Ann Arbor Road, about four
miles west of Plymouth. The society was officially
recognized as a regular Baptist church on June 9
1830. About 1840 they built a small chapel, and
during the time they remained at Shutt's Corners
the following persons served as pastors ; Revs.
Carpenter, Clark, Facer, Noyes, and Andrew Clark.

On February 23, 1846, the Plymouth Village Baptist
Society was organized in the school-house, and two
years later, on April 8, 1843, the original society
and the village organization united their interests
under the leadership of W. B. Grow. The society
then purchased the old wooden Presbyterian church,
and moved it to their lot at the north end of the
village. This soon became too small for them, and
it was sold to the Lutherans. The old chapel at
Shutt's Corners was then dismantled, and the most
of it used in the construction of a new church,
which was dedicated in February, 1856. An addi-
tion has since been made to the building, and it will
now seat about 400, and is worth about $3,500.
Rev. Mr. Grdw served as pastor about sixteen
years. His successors since 1 860 have been : W.
R. Northrup, 1863-1865; S. H. Vann, 1865-1867;
H. B. Johnston. 1868-1869; W. Putnam, 1869-
1873; H. C. Beals, 1873-1874; E. A. Gray, 1875-^
1876; W. B. Grow, 1 878-1 879; Charles Carrell,
1881-1883; H. Burns, 1886-1887; P. G. Robert-
son, since May i, 1888. The church in 1889 had
120 members.

Second Presbyterian Church.

This church dates its beginnings from a meeting
held by Rev. Erie Prince at the house of Ira Bron-
son on February 23, 1833. A church was formally
organized on January 14, 1835. A lot for a church
and cemetery was donated by Wm. Starkweather,
and a church costing $400 was built and first used
in September, 1835. This building was sold to the
Baptist Church, and in November, 1849, the soci-
ety began worshipping in a new brick church
which cost $3,000. This building is still in use.
but was extensively repaired, and then rededicated
January 10, 1877. The pastors have been as fol-
lows : Rev. Erie Prince, occasional services in
1833 and 1834; Rev. A. M. Mcjunkin, May, 1835
to Spring of 1836; Rev. Erie Prince, from Novem-
ber, 1836, to April, 1839; Rev. Enoch Bouton,
from May, 183910 1840; Rev. J, A. Clayton, from
May, 1840 to 1846 ; Rev. E. S Shepard, from 1846
to 1849; Rev. W. C. Kniffen, during part of 1849;
Rev. J. A. Clayton, from January, 1851 to 1853;
Rev. J. A. Dubuar, during part of 1853 I ^^v, Syl-
vester Cochrane, from Spring of 1854 to April,
1859 ; Rev. J. W. McGregor, from January, i860,
until near the close of 1862. He was followed
by Rev. B. F. Murden, who remained from 1862 to
1863 In November, 1868, Rev. J. F. McLaren
became pastor, and remained two years. He was
succeeded on April 9, 1 870, by Rev. J. W. Baynes.
He lived only about a year, and the pulpit was then
supplied by Rev. J. A. Dubuar and Rev. Maltby
Gelston until August, 1873, when Rev. J. Mills

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1349

Gelston became the pastor, he remained until May,
1875. Rev. John A. Baldwin then served for a few
months as did also Rev. R. H. Wilkinson, and in
1877 and 1878 Rev. P. R Hurd, of Detroit, offici-
ate^d occasionally. Rev. E.G. Bryant served from
April, 1878, to April, 1880; Rev. Mills B. Gels-
ton, from May, i88r, to April, 1882; Rev. W. W.
Wetmore, from May, 1882, to 1885; Rev. George
H. Wallace, from 1886 to 1888; Rev. W. T.
Jacques, from August 19, 1888. The society has
fifty-seven members, and on February 23, 1884,
one year after the proper date, they celebrated the
semi-centennial of the organization.

There is an old church on Section 6, but it has
not been used for several years. It belongs to the
Summit Congregational Society, which moved to
Salem about four years ago, built a church at that
place, and discontinued the use of this building.

5/. Peter s Evangelical Lutheran Church,
U. A, C.

This society was organized through the efforts of
the Rev. T. Schmidt oj. Ann Arbor, on March 5,
1856. Prior to the formal organization of the con-
gregation, services were held for a short time in
private houses. The old Baptist Church w^as then
purchased and moved to the church lot, refitted and
dedicated December 26, 1858. In 1882 it was
sold to be used as a blacksmith shop, and a new
church, costing $2,500, and seating 250, was dedi-
cated October 14, 1883. As near as can be
learned, the pastors have been as follows : Rev. T.
Schmidt, 1856 to 1862; Rev. Werner, August 3,
1862, to April 24, 1864; Rev. Gebaur, September
19, 1865, to May 12, 1867 ; Rev. Nussbaum, 1867,
to October 30, 1870; Rev. Werner, November 20,
1870, to 1872 ; Rev. C. Schmolz, 1872 to 1874 ;
Rev. Matshat. 1874-1876; Rev. Stein, 1876-1878;
Rev. George Tierck, 1878-1880; Rev. Schoemyer-
lin, December 4, 1880, to July 16, 1882; Rev. H.
Abelmann, August 13, 1882, to 1885; Rev. Robert
Weise, 1885-1886; Rev. Wm. Renz, 1886-188^;
Rev. John Baumann, 1888.

Banks.

The first bank in Plymouth was the Wayne
County Bank of 1837, for an account of which, see
page 851.

The first National Bank of Plymouth was organ-
ized November 18, 1871, with E. J. Penniman, presi-
dent, and C. H. Bennett, cashier. The capital
stock, $50,000, was taken by these gentlemen, and
the following stockholders : R. L. Durfee, A. B.
Coleman, John Owen, J. S. Farrand, Gideon Dur-
fee, Stephen Roe, Thomas P. May, F. S. Shattuck,
L. D. Shearer, J. Westfall, Edwin Fuller, Eva C.

Hendrich, Chester B. Root, M. Connor, James
Burns, George V. N. Lothrop. Charlotte Wilkins,
John Shaw, D. E. Mathews, Mary Doors, John
Allen, B. Moreland, Samuel Lyndon, Alexis
Packard, and Wm. P. Spear. The directors were

E. J. Penniman, president, C. H. Bennett, cashieV,
L. D. Shearer, James Burns, John Allen, and Sam-
uel Lyndon. The bank has been successful from
the first, the semi-annual dividend being five per
cent. The report for January i, 1889, showed a
surplus of $14,000, with undivided profits of $8,000,
an average deposit of $75,000, and loans at seven
per cent., of about $90,000.

The Plymouth National Bank w^as organized
January 16, 1884, with a capital stock of $50,000,
divided among the following stockholders : Ste-
phen Andrews, Mrs. Mary A Allen, W. O Allen,
Henry W. Baker (guardian), Lewis H. Bennett,
Gideon P. Benton, Dwdght Berdan, Calvin B. Cros-
by, John E. Ellsworth, Delia Entrican, Charles A.
Frisbie, Wm. Geer, L. Cass Hough, Ellen J. Har-
low, James R. Hosie, Samuel Lyndon, Alfred D.
Lyndon, Edwin C. Leach, Wm. Manchester, Hiram
Murray, Elizabeth E. May, Orlando R. Pettingill,
Lorenzo Pooler, Cyrus A. PinCkney, Byron Pool,
Thomas Patterson, Charles H. Potter, Tunis V.
Ouackenbush, Ellen B. Roe, Theodore C. Sher-
wood, Caleb J. Sprague, Martha S. Stevens, Samuel
J. Springer, Laban D. Shearer, Nathan T, Sly,
Clark M. Sly, Irving N. Starkweather, Eugene K.
Starkweather, Abram Shear, E. Simonds, Enos

F. St. John, Ella C. Smith, Francis G. Terrill, J. D.
Terrill, John B. Tillottson, Franklin Tillottson,
George Van Sickle, Wm. Van Sickle, John Van
Inwagen, David B. Wilcox. The bank began
business February II, 1884, with T. C. Sherwood,
president, and L. D. Shearer, vice-president and
acting cashier. On January i, 1885, they paid a
dividend of four per cent, on the first eleven
months' business, and their report of January i,
1889, shows a surplus of $4,715.90, with an aver-
age deposit of $7 5,000, and loans of $ 1 1 6,000 at seven
per cent. T. C. Sherwood resigned as president on
January i, 1889, in order to act as State Bank
Commissioner. The officers in 1889 were as fol-
lows: L. D. Shearer, president; E. C. Leach,
vice-president, and L. C. Sherwood, cashier.

The village is favorably located for a variety of
manufactures, being on the line of the Detroit,
Lansing & Northern Railroad, and also on the
Flint & Pere Marquette Railroad, and its location
on the River Rouge affords water power for several
mills, and while not a large manufacturing center,
it has several industries that are making its name a
household word throughout the country.

The Plymouth Iron Windmill Company was

I350

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

organized in 1882, with cash capital of $30,000, for
the manufacture of the " Hamilton " iron windmill.
In addition to the windmill they also manufacture
the •'J)aisy" air-gun, of which they are selling
many thousands. M. Connor is president, H. W,
Baker, manager, L C Hough, treasurer, and R. L.
Root, secretary.

The Markham Manufacturing Company was orig-
inally formed for the manufacture of tanks and
cisterns of all kinds. In August, 1887, Mr. Mark-
ham procured a patent on a toy rifle, of which large
numbers are made. The Plymouth Air Rifle Co,
organized in March, 1888, is manufacturing an air
rifle which is being shipped to all parts of the world.
The works give employment to twenty-five men.

The Plymouth and Phoenix Flouring Mills located
in the northerly limits of the village, have a capa-
city of 175 barrels daily, and the cheese factory of
Charles D. Durfee, established in 1888, in North
Plymouth, produced in its first season 150,000
pounds. There are also several smaller factories
here producing a variety of articles.

The Tonquish Lodge, No. 32, of the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, was organized December 21,
1847, and Plymouth Rock Lodge, No. 47, of the
Free and Accepted Masons on January 10, 1851.

The population of the village in 1870 was 969,
and in 1880, 1,025.

The Plymouth Fair Association was organized in
April, 1886, as a stock company, with a capital of
$r,20o. The first officers were T. C. Sherwood,
president ; Dr. J. M. Collier, secretary ; L. C.
Hough, treasurer. The officers in 1889 were the
same, except that C. B. Crosby was secretary. The
association grounds consist of twenty-two acres in
the southeasterly limits of the village of Plymouth.
The total value of the grounds and buildings is
about $7,000. Their first fair w^as held in Septem-
ber, 1866.

NORTHVILLE.

The plat of this village was recorded by Wm.
Dunlap and D. L. Cady in 1840. The first frame
building in the township was erected where this
village is located, and as early as 1827. John
Miller and Israel M^arsh built a grist mill near what
is now Northville. The stones were made out of a
large boulder that was foijnd in the vicinity, and
they did good work. In 1838, according to Blois's
Gazetteer, the village contained a Presbyterian,
Methodist, and Baptist church, four stores, two
taverns, a flour mill with two run of stones, a saw
mill, a furnace, a carding and cloth dressing estab-
lishment, and a chair factory.

The village is on the line of the Flint & Pere
Marquette Railroad, and after Wyandotte is the
largest manufacturing center in the county out-

side of Detroit. It has a most admirable location.
The land is somewhat broken and hilly, and the
region is so much more attractive than the more
level portions of the county, that it is called the
Switzerland of Wayne. ,

The village was incorporated on March 13, 1867,
the corporation limits including all of Section 3 in
the town of Plymouth. The following officers were
provided for in the act of Incorporation. A presi-
dent, two trustees to be elected annually, and two
for a term of two years, a marshal, treasurer, clerk,
and assessor. The first election was to be held on
the third Monday of April, and afterwards on the
first Monday in April. Under the act elections
were held and officers were elected, but the record
book has been lost, and therefore the names can be
obtained only for the year 1880 : President, Eli K.
Simmonds ; Clerk, Charles R. Stevens ; Trustees,
M. D. Gorton, L. W. Hutton, S Clark ; Assessor,
W. H. Ambler; Treasurer, D. B. Northrup ; Mar-
shal, J. W. Davis.

Under Act of February 23, 1881, the village was
reincorporated, the charter election being held on
March 7. The officers elected in that and subse-
quent years have been as follows :

1 88 1. President, Eli K. Simmonds; Trustees
for two years, J. R. Nash, A. M. Randolph, E. S.
Horton ; Trustees for one year, B. Allen ; Clerk,
Charles R. Stevens ; Treasurer, J. C. Croul ; As-
sessor, W. H. Ambler; Street Commissioner, E.
Vradenburgh ; Constable, F. N. Perrin. .

1882. President, Josephus M . Burgess ; Trustees,
C. G. Harrington, C. H. Johnson, Edward Whit-
taker ; Clerk, Charles R. Stevens ; Treasurer, John
C. Croul; Assessor, W. H. Ambler; Street Com-
missioner, H. M. Harrington; Constable, F. N.
Perrin.

1883. President, Josephus M. Burgess; Trus-
tees, P. B Barley, J. A. Dubuar, W. Scott ; Clerk,
Charles R. Stevens ; Assessor, W. H. Ambler ;
Treasurer, B. A. Wheeler ; Street Commissioner,
If. G. Webster ; Constable, F. N. Perrin.

1884. President, Edward S. Horton; Trustees. D.
Knapp, M. Bovee, F. R. "Beal, J. R. Nash ; Clerk,
Charles R. Stevens; Treasurer, B. A. Wheeler;
Street Commissioner, E. Vradenburgh ; Assessor,
W. H. Ambler ; Constable, W. Allen.

1885. President, Seymour Bower; Trustees, F.
R. Beal. C. M. Joslin, W. H. Brigham ; Clerk,
Charles A. Downer ; Treasurer, A. Carpenter ; As-
sessor, E. S. Horton; Street Commissioner, J.
Smith ; Constable, H. F. Jackson.

1886. President, Seymour Bower; Trustees, S.
Clark; F. R. Beal, O. F. Carpenter; Clerk, Dar-
win R.iNorthrup; Treasurer, B. A. Wheeler; As-
sessor, W^. H. Ambler; Street Commissioner, E.
Vradenburgh; Constable, H. Lount.

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

135I

1887. President, Edmond J. Robinson; Trus-
tees, W. H. Brigham, H. O. Waid, G. S. Vanzile;
Clerk, Frank S. Hatinon ; Treasurer, George E.
Waterman ; Assessor, E. S. Horton ; Street Com-
missioner, E. Vradenburgh ; Constable, L. H. Sut-
ton.

1888. President, John W. Dolph ; Trustees, M.
Bovee, C. D. Woodman, L. W. Simmons; Clerk,
Clarence A. Hutton ; Treasurer, B. A. Wheeler ;
Assessor, E. S. Horton; Street Commissioner, I.
N. Blackwood ; Constable, M. W. Reed.

1889. President, John W. Dolph ; Trustees, O.
L. Palmer, John V. Harmon, G. S. Vanzile ; Clerk,
Charles A. Downer; Treasurer, B. A. Wheeler;
Assessor, E S. Horton; Street Commissioner, E.
Vradenburgh ; Constable, M. W. Reed.

1890. President, M. A. Porter; Clerk. C. A.
Donner; Treasurer, E. H. Root; Assessor, D. B.
Northrup ; Street Commissioner, M. W. Reed ;
Constable, H. F. Jackson ; Trustees, W. M. Phil-
lips, George Royson, A. B. Cook.

In 1834 a stone school-house was built on the
main street. It was occupied for many years, and
is now used as a blacksmith shop. The present
Union School building was built in 1865, at a cost
of $12,000. It was enlarged in 1887 by an ad-
dition on the south side at an expense of $3 000,
and again in the spring of 1889 by one on the
north side at a cost of $4,500. The opera house
was built in 1879 by Samuel J. Little. In 1887 it
was sold to Dr. Moffat, of Lansing. It seats about
1,000.

There are three cemeteries, the old, the new,
and the Hillside, the last named is owned by a
stock company, and the others by the village.

A lodge of Odd-fellows, known as Wah-Bun-
Nong, No. 48, was organized February 9, 1850.
Northville lodge of F. and A. Masons, No. 186,
was organized January 29, 1866. The Northville
Masonic Association was incorporated in 1881, for
the purpose of erecting a Masonic •' hall. It occu-
pies the second story of a double brick store, and
cost, with its fittings, about $7,000. The building
was dedicated in 1882. In 1887 it was enlarged
by adding a second story to two or more stores.
The hall has a frontage of seventy- four feet by a
depth of seventy-seven feet and is one of the finest
lodge rooms in the county.

In the spring of 1888, the Northville Circulating
Library Association was formed. The library is in
charge of E. R. Reed as librarian, and it is hoped
that it may eventually grow into a large and flour-
ishing institution. The Northville Record, an
eight page five column quarto, with a circulation of
800, is published every Friday by E. Roscoe Reed.
It was started in 1869 by Samuel J. Little. After
passing through the hands of Joseph Haas, George

Kator, J. H. Junkins, and possibly others, it came
into the possession of its present owner.

In the way of fire protection the village has buck-
ets and ladders, procured in 1883; a hook and
ladder apparatus, purchased in 1885, and a chem-
ical engine, purchased in 1886. The population of
the village in 1870 was 626, and in 1880, 934.

Methodist Episcopal Church.
The earliest meetings which resulted in the organi-
zation of the M. E. Church were held in the shop of
Wm. Hickcox near where Dubuar's mill was after-
wards located. As early as 1 83 r a log church was built
on the farm of P. Benton, which was used until
1834, when it was torn down by some reckless
young men. A deed for the lot where the present
church stands was obtained in March, 1834, and
the erection of a church began, but it was not fully
completed and dedicated until September, 1839,
and in the meantime services were held in the old
stone school-house. The present church building
was dedicated on September 23, 1886, Bishop JoMi
F. Hurst preaching the sermon. The building will
seat 450 and cost $9,500. The society has 244
members. Up to 1838 the same ministers served
here that preached at Plymouth. Since that date
they have been as follows: 1837, Wm. Sprague,
Oscar F. North; 1838, A. Kellam ; 1839, J- H.
Pitezel, A. Billings; 1840, Geo. N. Brackenbridge ;
1841, Geo. Bradley, E. Steele; 1842, Bradford
Frazer; 1843, Luther Whitney, J. V. Watson;
1844-1846, T. C. Gardner; 1846, W. P. Judd ;
1847, Horace Hall; 1848, W. H. Collins: 1849-
1851,0. C. Jacokes; i85i,R. Pengelly; 1852-1854,
J. H. Burnham; 1854-1856, W. Taylor; 1856, W.
M. Hevener; 1857, R. McConnell; 1858-1860,
Geo. I. Betts; i860, E. R. Haskell; 1861, H. N.
Brown; 1862, Wm Mahon ; 1 863-1 865, S. L.
Ramsdell; 1865, J. F. Dorey; 1866, A. Allen;
1867, E. Van Norman; 1 868- 1870, J. W. Crippin ;
1870, Luther Lee; 1871, J.S. Joslin; 1 872-1 874, Nel-
son Green ; 1 874-1 877, S. Clements; 1 877-1 880, J.
E. Jacklin; 1880. H. C. Northrup; 1881-1883, J-
Frazer; 1883, W. H. Bartram; 1884-1886, J. M.
Van Every; 1886 , G. W. Hudson.

First Presbyterian Church,

This society was organized November 23, 1829,
and incorporated February 5, 1835. The church
lot was donated by D. L. Cady. The first church
building was occupied in July, 1836, and cost $300.
The present building was dedicated in June, 1846,
and cost $3,500. It was extensively improved in
1875, and rededicated October 31. It will seat 400.

The Church in 1889 had 195 members. The
pastors in the various years have been as follows :
1830, Rev. Erie Prince; 1831, Rev. Aaron Bridg-

135^

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

man; 1832, Rev. Erie Prince; 183410 1836, Rev.
George Hornell ; 1836 Rev M A. Mcjunkin ;
1837, Rev. Erie Prince, and from November to
September, 1838, Rev Mr. Emerson; June, 1839, to
March, 1844, Rev. W. C Kniffin ; 1844, Rev. Jesse
Edwards; 1844, and 1845. Rev. Peter H. Burg-
hardt; October, 1847, to April, 1848, Rev. A. M.
Safford; April, 1848, to January, 1850, Rev. A. M.
Bennett; May, 1851. to 1868, Rev James Dubuar;
March, 1869, to September, 1871, Rev. A J. Bird;
June, 1872, to 1875. Rev. J. Dubuar; May, 1875,
to May, 1876, Rev. Donald Fletcher; August, 1876,
to November, 1884. Rev. H W. Gelston ; March,

1885, to May, 1886, Rev. H. S Jenkinson; May,

1886, to May, 1888, Rev. G. H Paddock; 1889 to
, Rev W. T. Jaques.

Baptist Church,

The Northville Baptist Church was constituted in
October, 1834, and fully organized on June 18,

1835, by Rev. Nathan Noyes. The society was
incorporated June 18, 1835. They built a church in
1837, but the deed for the lot was not recorded un-
til May I, 1843. The following served as pastors
in the years named ; Rev. Nathan Noyes, October,

1836, to February, 1842; Rev. Wm. Wood, from
April, 1842, to October, 1842; Rev. Wm. G. Wil-
son, from December, 1842, to December, 1846;
Rev. G. D. Simmons, from August, 1848, to Feb-
ruary, 1849; Rev. Supply Chase, from June, 1849,
to June, 1854; Rev. J. L. McCloud, from July,
1855, to April, 1857; Rev. Wm. H. Gregory, from
November, 1857, to November, 1858; Rev. Ezek
Mosher, from February, 1859, to June, 1864; Rev.
J. L. Deland, from June, 1864, to June, 1866; Rev.
J. C. Baker, from August, 1866, to May, 1869 ; Rev.
J. S. Cox, from August 1869, to September, 1870;
Rev. C. H. Richardson, from July, 1871, to April,
1874. After Mr. Richardson left, the pulpit was

supplied by Rev. Gregory J. Scott and Van

Buren, the latter being regularly called, but not re-
maining long. Rev. Ames was called Novem-
ber 26, 1875, and remained until December 29, 1877.
The church was then without a pastor until Septem-
ber 29, 1878, when Rev. Churchill became

pastor. He remained only a year, and was followed

on November 4, 1879, by Rev. Eldridge who

remained until April i, 1884. The next pastor was

Rev. Rae. He commenced September 28,

1884. and left November 29, 1885 He was fol-
lowed by Rev. L. G. Clark, who came March 7,
1886. The number of members in 1889 was about
125. The church is located on the corner of Wing
and Randolph Streets, and has a seating capacity
of about 300. The church property, including the
parsonage, is valued at about $7,000.

Roman Catholic Church.
A Catholic mission, served by the priests from
Dearborn, was established here in 1.887. Services
are held in the building formerly owned by the M.
E. Church, which was purchased for $600.

United States Fish Hatchery.

One of the most important and interesting Gov-
ernment institutions in Michigan is the United States
fish hatchery located here. Although unpreten-
tious in appearance, it has and is doing a great and
valuable work in the production of food. It was
established by N. W. Clark in 1874, and since his
death, in 1876, has been conducted by his son, Frank
N. Clark. Originally operated by the State, since
1880 it has been under the control of the United
States Fish Commission. It is located on grounds
that contain innumerable springs of the purest
water, the two principal ones furnishing about 375
gallons per minute. In winter these springs are
utilized for the hatchery alone, supplying about
30 000 barrels per day. On the grounds are two large
buildings, one used for packing the other a hatching
house 30x80, containing fifteen feeding tanks or
nurseries. Outside are thirteen ponds so divided
as to be made into twenty, if needed. In the win-
ter of 1888-9 the hatchery contained 2,197,000 lake
trout eggs; 207,000 brook trout ; 120,000 lochleven
trout, and 57,500 rainbow trout. One shipment
was made to the City of Mexico, consisting of
10,000 brook and 10,000 California trout eggs. Of
these all but twenty per cent, of the former and
about twenty per cent, of the latter hatched out.
Twenty-five thousand brook trout were sent to
Wm. Burgess, London, England, most of which
hatched. Scores of millions of fish have been
hatched here, and shipments are made to various
parts of the United States, France, Germany, South
America, New Zealand, and other places. Messrs.
Yerkes aud Dunlap have a gold fish hatchery about
a mile northeast of Northville on the Farmington
Road. It started in 1884 with two pair of fish, and
the present output is from ten to fifteen thousand
annually.

The Cold Springs Cream and Butter Company,
which own the ground occupied by the fish hatch-
ery, and also other property, was incorporated on
February 12, 1884, with a capital of $10,000. F.
N. Clark is president ; H. E. Lake, vice-president ;
Edward S. Horton, secretary, and C. B. Hunger-
ford, treasurer.

The Clover Condensed Milk Company was started
in 1886 with a capital of $20,000. Their sales ex-
tend all over the Union, and for 1888 amounted
to $30,000. They employ eight men and produce
twenty-five cases of forty-eight pounds each, daily.

j^^z^t^C^iXft

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1353

One of the principal industries of Northville is .
the manufacture of church and school furniture.
This enterprise was established in 1864 by C. G.
Harrington, and in 1873 the Michigan School Fur-
niture Company was incorporated with a capital of
$30,000. The increased business and success at-
tending their labors suggested a new name, which
was formally adopted in 1887, and they re-incor-
porated as the Globe Manufacturing Company,
with a capital stock of $75,000, for the manufacture
exclusively of school and church furniture, and all
essentials of the furniture of a school-room. They
employ an average of 175 persons, and their business
amounts to nearly a quarter of a million dollars an-
nually. The have provided seats for about 1,500,-
000 scholars, and have branches at Boston, St.
Paul, and Geneva New York. The officers are :
Francis R. Beal, president; Robert Yerkes, vice-
president ; Jared S. Lapham, treasurer ; and Louis
A. Beal, secretary.

The Granville Wood & Son Pipe Organ Com-
pany was started in Detroit in 1876 for the manu-

facture exclusively of pipe organs. In 1884 their
works were moved to Northville, and a stock com-
pany was organized with a capital stock of $20,000.
A three story building, 32x70, was erected, and the
factory gives employment to from ten to twenty
skilled workmen, and turns out from eight to twelve
organs yearly, at prices ranging from $1,000 to
$5,000. They also, in 1888, commenced the manu-
facture of pianos.

For the year ending December 31, 1888, the
sales of the manufacturing establishments in North-
ville reached a total of nearly $500,000.

mead's mills, or waterford.

The beginnings of this place date from 1827, when
Dyer Ramsdell built a mill. In 1834 Jabish M.
Mead also built a mill, and after that year the place
took his name. In 1837, Mr. Ramsdell laid out
and recorded the village under the name of Water-
ford, but for many yeurs the post-office name was
Mead's Mill. It is on the line of the F. and P. M.
R. R.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JARED S. LAPHAM, son of Isaac S., and Mary
Lapham, was born in Farmington, Ontario County,
New York, on February 4, 1822, being the young-
est of a family of ten His parents at an early date
moved from Massachusetts to New York, the then
far west, and bought at a nominal price five hun-
dred acres of heavily timbered wild land, and here
his father lived a farmer's life until his death
at the age of seventy. In his early years Jared S.
Lapham attended the common school in the winter
time, and at the age of sixteen went to the Canan-
daigua Academy. He attended three winter terms
and one summer term in that institution and sub-
sequently entered Macedon Center Academy, where
he taught part of the time and also pursued his
studies, remaining there for two years. In the fall
of 1844, with his brother Ambrose, he left the State
of New York, and located at Northville, Wayne
County, Michigan, where he engaged in the mer-
cantile business under the firm name of A. S. Lap-
ham & Co. For the first year they carried on their
business in a room fourteen by twenty feet, they
then moved into a moderate sized store in which
they remained for three years : This gave way to a
buildmg of larger capacity which they erected and
finally they occupied the first and only brick store
in the village of Northville, a building forty by
seventy feet and three stories high. Here they
remained for twenty- five years and worked up a

very large trade. They were the pioneers in sell-
ing goods at one price only, and adhered to the one
price system from first to last and it won them
hosts of patrons. They never lost, but always
gained the confidence of their customers, and what
is in strange contrast to the business methods of
to-day they never advertised or made semi-annual
sales of goods at or less than cost or at a quarter
off. Their trade did its own advertising, and ex-
tended to the adjoining counties of Washtenaw,
Livingston and Oakland, and they captured and
held the best of the business in their line. During
these years they were also extensive buyers of wool
at several other points in the State besides at North-
ville, and in this branch *of their business were fairly
successful. In the year 1869 they opened a bank-
ing office at Northville. They had previously served
as the depository of the spare funds of the sur-
rounding country for some years, and naturally
have transacted for an inland town a very satisfac-
tory banking business. They became members of
the Detroit Board of Trade, in 1869, and from that
time to the present have taken an active part in
its transactions, meeting with considerable success.
In 1884, Mr. Lapham put his daughter Mary E., in
charge of the bank at Northville, and his son
William G., in charge of the business in Detroit, and
both concerns are well managed From its incep-
tion to the completion of the Holly, Wayne and

1354

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

Monroe Railroad Mr. Lapham served as a director
and took an active part in its construction. He was
also its treasurer, signing the mortgage bonds and
subscribing for the same, being the only subscriber
in the state with the exception of the late E. B.
Ward, of Detroit.

In 1850, he was married to Martha G., daughter
of Dr. David Gregory. They have had four chil-
dren two of whora are living, William G., and Mary
E. Lapham.

As a business man Mr. Lapham has been emin-
ently successful. He started on a very small capi-
tal, backed by firm resolution to be rigid in
economy and when a dollar was earned to place it
where it would do the most good. To this resolution,
well adhered to, he attributes the larger meas-
ure of his success. His well known integrity and
strict methods also helped to build up the large
business which he has controlled for the past quar-
ter of a century, and he has secured the confidence
and continued patronage of all those with whom he
has had dealings.

In religious things he has always held to the
faith of his father that of a Quaker and to use his
own words they " are liberal in belief, acts, and
deeds, though straight in their jackets." In political
faith he is a Republican.

THEODORE C. SHERWOOD, Commissioner
of the Banking Department of the State of Michi-
gan, was born at Geneva, New York, on January
29, 1839. His father, William Sherwood, was born
in the city of York, England, emigrated to the
United States in 1827, and in company with Cap-
tain Merrill and Wm. Bailey engaged in the whole-
sale mercantile business at Geneva, N. Y. On ac-
count of failing health, he gave up business and
engaged in farming, and in 1854 removed with
his family to Michigan and settled on a farm in
Wayne County.

Theodore C, the subject of this sketch, received
a good common school education, which he sup-
plemented by a three years' course at the higher
schools of Ypsilanti. Of a studious turn of mind, he
was noted at school for his brightness and early gave
promise of that acuteness and strength of intellect
which has characterized his maturer years. Like
most Americans who have attained success and a
prominent place before their fellow-citizens, Mr.
Sherwood was a school-teacher, in which capacity
he acted for four years. At the end of that time
he purchased a farm and settled upon it with the
intention of making farming a life vocation ; but
being of an energetic disposition he was easily led
into a more active life. In 1863, while transacting
business with one of the officers of the Michigan
Central Railroad Company,, the attention of C. H.

Hurd, then Assistant Superintendent of the road,
was attracted by his quick, business-like ways and
fine mental abilities, and he induced him to accept
the position of cashier in the railroad office at
Kalamazoo. He remained about a year, but re-
signed in 1864 to take a place in the First Na-
tional bank of Battle Creek. Giving this up, he
went into the wholesale and retail grocery business
under the firm name of Leon and Sherwood, and
here again success waited upon his activity and efforts,
but finding the banking business more congenial to
his tastes, he sold out, and in 1872 accepted the
position of cashier tendered him by th6 newly or-
ganized First Nationalj Bank of Plymouth. This
position he retained until 1880, when he was elected
cashier of the Grand Rapids National Bank, which
achieved a decided success under his able and care-
ful management. But the tax upon his physicial
strength and the strain upon his nervous system
were too great, and he was compelled by sickness
to resign in 1884. His abilities, however, were too
well-known to allow him to remain long in retire-
ment, and in 1885 he was elected President of the
Plymouth National Bank. In 1887 a bill was
passed by the State Legislature creating a banking
department, its chief officer being denominated the
Commissioner of the Banking Department, and al-
though some of Michigan's ablest financiers en-
deavored to obtain charge of this new branch of the
government, yet so generally recognized and appre-
ciated were Mr, Sherwood's talents in that direc-
tion, that the Governor turned a deaf ear to the
claims of all others and appointed him to the posi-
tion. Mr. Sherwood commenced the difficult task
of organizing the new department, and his manag-
ment of the office has given great satisfaction to all
concerned, and serves to bring out very distinctly
his abilities as a financier.

Mr. Sherwood is a Mason, an ardent Republican,
and an efficient worker in the Methodist Episcopal
Church. The lodge, the party, and the church
have often honored him by appointments to im-
portant positions, he having served the church as
Sunday School Superintendent for more than
twenty-five years. He still retains his early love
for agriculture and is owner of one of the finest
farms in the county, to which he gives his personal
attention. He is also President of the Plymouth
Fair Association, which has attained a great suc-
cess.

Personally Mr. Sherwood is a man of fine intel-
lectual powers, strong resolution and purest integrity.
Though always much engaged in prosaic details of
business with the vexations and annoyances inci-
dent to such a life he is uniformly courteous, re-
fined in his tastes, brilliant and witty in conversa-
tion, faithful to his friends and devoted to his fam-

i ' (/ 7 1: { , ^ ,

/

•: J

)

^5^.^

PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP— BIOGRAPHICAL.

1355

ily — an excellent specimen of a business man.
From his early manhood his inclinations led him
towards financial pursuits and so successful has he
been that he is considered by the business men of
Michigan one of the ablest financiers and one of
the best informed men on financial questions in
the state.

In 1862 he was married to Miss Martha J.
Mason, a native of Michigan. They have three
children — Helen A., Louis C, cashier of the Ply-
mouth National Bank, and Maud.

JOHN MARCUS SWIFT, M. D., of North-
ville, was born in Nankin, Wayne County, Michi-
gan, on February 11, 1832, and is the son of Rev.
Marcus and Anna (Osband) Swift. The family
descended directly from William Swift, who, it is
evident, came from England prior to 1634, for at
that time his name was upon the registry of Con-
necticut. The grandfather of Dr. Swift, General
John Swift, w^as a native of Connecticut, and
founded the village of Palmyra, New York. He
was killed by one of a number of prisoners whom
he captured in Canada near Fort George in 18 14,
during the last war with England. He was a man
of influence and of distinguished ability, and his
military career was long, effective, and honorable,
dating from the beginning of the war of the colon-
ies for independence and including the subsequent
Indian wars and the War of 18 12. His son, Rev.
Marcus Swift, was born at Palmyra, Wayne
County, New York, on June 23, 1793, and mar-
ried Anna Osband, originally spelled Osborn. She
was born in Palmyra, New York, on August 7,
1793, and was a daughter of Weaver Osband,
who was a native of Tiverton, Rhode Island, and a
soldier in the American Revolution. The life of
Rev. Marcus Swift was one crowded with incident
and exciting events, as he was a man of command-
ing mental, physical and moral power. He emi-
grated to Michigan in 1825, settled in the then
township of Bucklin, a portion of the township being
afterwards named Nankin. He founded his home
in a perfect wilderness, three miles from the house
of any white man. He was also a pioneer in the
anti-slavery agitation and in the temperance cause,
a distinguished minister of the Methodist Episcopal
church, the first seceder from that church in his
neighborhood, and the principal organizer of the
Wesleyan Methodist Church. This action was
caused mainly by the complicity of that church
with slavery through its toleration of slavery, and
slave-holding ministers in its connection.

At the time of Dr. Swift's birth this part of the
country was a wild and undeveloped state. The
schools were illy equipped, and educational facili-
ties meagre. The doctor's father was poor, and he

received almost nothing from his ministerial labors.
The lot of John M. Swift was therefore from a very
early age one of work and toil upon the farm. He
went to school but little before his thirteenth year,
and not afterwards until he went to college. His
mother died when he was but ten years old, and
subsequently his father married Miss Huldah C.
Peck, who was an experienced school-teacher, and
from whom, as well as from his father, he received
such assistance during spare hours as they could
afford. All the time he could secure from ardu-
ous labor was devoted to study at home by day and
by night. In his ninteenth year he entered what
is now Adrian College, but after a few months he
was taken down with an almost fatal attack of brain
fever, caused by incessant study and overwork, and
was obliged to give up school. He then, when in
his twentieth year, commenced the study of medi-
cine and was graduated a doctor of medicine from
the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati in 1854;
and in 1864 took an additional degree of M. D.
from Rush Medical College of Chicago. In his
medical course as a student he exhibited in the
different departments of study unusual powers of
application, quick discernment and ready analysis.
Without a dollar assistance from any source he
prosecuted his studies, passed his college examina-
tions, received his diplomas, spent six months in
w^ork and study in a clinical school, and started
and continued his professional career. He has
long been the leading physician of his section, and
has frequently been called to consult with the
faculty of the University and with eminent physi-
cians of Detroit. He has been a frequent contributor
to medical magazines and reviews, and his articles
have always attracted wide attention in medical
circles for their originality and learning. He has
been a member of the American Medical Associa-
tion, of the Wayne County Medical Society of De-
troit, of The Oakland County Academy of Medi-
cine, and of other societies in this country and
Europe. He was also one of the Board of Censors
of the Detroit Medical College. He removed in
1853 from Nankin to Northville and has ever since
been in constant practice in the latter place. In
1868, on account of an accident, he was obliged to
give up the more arduous labors of his country
practice ; and he then turned his attention also to
mercantile pursuits, entering into a partnership
with a gentleman who took charge of the details of
the business. For sixteen years their store was the
largest in the town. At the end of that time he
sold out, and has now no occupation other than his
profession. He is, however, interested in and has
done much to foster manufacturing interests in
Northville.
In 1864 he was elected to the State Legislature,

1356

REDFORD TOWNSHIP- ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

and represented the fourth district of the county
during 1865-6, but refused renomination for the
next term. He was appointed by Governor John J.
Bagley one of the commissioners, helped to locate
the State House of Correction at Ionia, and aided in
the plans and specifications for the buildings. He
has been an earnest and active Republican since
the birth of that party, and previous to its existence,
was an old time Abolitionist and ardent advocate
of the rights of the slave. He is a very strong tem-
perance man, and has given his support to the tem-
perance cause in its various phases of action. He
is outspoken in the defense of his principles, is an
original and independent thinker, and speaks easily
and with emphasis upon subjects in which he is
interested, particularly on those having a moral
bearing.

Dr. Swift was formerly a member of the Wes-
leyan Methodist church but disagreeing with their
position in relation to secret societies - being him-
self a member of the Masons and Odd Fellows or-
ganizations— he left the Wesleyan Methodists so-
ciety and became a member of the Presbyterian
church, joining with the explicit avowal on his part
that he did not accept the confession of faith in
many of its particulars. He is thoroughly evange-
lical in doctrine, and liberal and catholic toward all
who take Jesus Christ as the Saviour of man and
the exemplar of all true religion. His views of
Christianity he briefly sums up in the words : " To
be a Christian is to be in harmony wdth God and in
possession of the spirit of Christ." He gives time,
money and influence to aid the various churches in
his village ; and they are indebted to his freedom
from sectarian bias for services in Sunday schools,
business and religious meetings, and in the choirs
which have been successfully instructed by him.
He has a good knowledge of music, a fine tenor
voice and has made great sacrifices in the interests
of sacred and secular music.

He is liberal in his views, and possesses a broad
mind which has been embellished and chastened

to a high degree by self culture. Well read, not
only in his profession, but also in much of the
science, literature and politics of the day and ever
reading and thinking, he is ready on all suitable
occasions to give utterance to his views and defend
them with earnestness and ability. He is often
pressed into service on miscellaneous occasions, and
has frequently spoken upon religious, secular, edu-
cational, patriotic, political, scientific, and, especially
medical topics.

In 1852 he married Miss Emily B. Barker,
daughter of Captain George J. Barker, of Grand
Rapids, Michigan. They have had one daughter,
Mary Ehzabeth, who was born on October i, 1854.
She was married on February 13th, 1877 to
George A. Milne, of Fall River, Mass., and died
January 5th, 1884. She was a lady of rare gifts
and accomplishments, especially in music, was
widely known and universally beloved. She left
two little boys. Swift, five years of age, and
Alexander, three years of age, who have since re-
sided with Dr. Swift and his wife. Two other
children shared with their own daughter the places
of brother and sister in her own and her parent's
hearts and home. These were Marcus G. B. Swift.
now of Fall River, Mass., and Camilla A. Dubuar,
wife of James A, Dubuar, of Northville, Mich.
They were the young children of Dr. Swift's brother,
Dr. Orson R. Swift, and his wife Elizabeth, who
was a sister of Dr. Swift's wife, the two brothers
having married sisters. Both died young, leaving
these children orphans at an early age, and they
were adopted by Dr. Swift and his wife.

For a man who has always lived in a small place,
Dr. Swift's life has been one of unusual interest and
activity. Ever alive to the welfare of his fellow-
men, he has never hesitated to make any sacrifice
in their behalf, and is now reaping the reward of an
honorable and well spent life, beloved and respected
by those whose moral and material welfare he has
done so much to advance.

REDFORD TOWNSH I P.

This township which was formed on October 29,
1829, out of the old township of Bucklin, was at
sfirst designated as Pekin, but by law of March
21, 1833, the name was changed to Redford. The
township includes all of town i, south of Range 10
East, and is called Redford after the Red or Rouge
River which the Indians used to ford at this point.
The first township meeting was held at the house
of Wm. Hickcox on the first Monday of April, 1830.

The officers elected for the years 1830, 1831 and,
1832 during the time it was known as Pekin are
as follows :

1830. Supervisor, Conrad TenEyck; Clerk,
Joseph Hickcox ; Assessors, G. Ferrington, Wm.
McCarty, J Bucklin ; Highway Commissioner, J.
Bucklin, G. Ferrington, B. F. Fox; Collector, A.
Gordon ; School Commissioners, B. F. Fox, Wm.
McCarty, V. Whitman, T. Bucklin, R. Wells; Con-

REDFORD TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1357

stables, J. Abbott, A. Gordon, J. Butterfield ;
School Inspectors, J. Hickcox, T. Bucklin, B. F.
Fox, J. Butterfield, V. Whitman.

1 83 1. Supervisor, Conrad TenEyck ; Clerk, Jo-
seph Hickcox; Assessors, P. D. Anderson, J. Buck-
lin, G. Ferrington ; Collector, E. Woodruff ; Di-
rector of the Poor, B. F. Fox; Treasurer, J. F.
Rupeley ; Highway Commissioners, G. Ferrington,
J. Bucklin, P. D. Anderson; Constables, I. Bell A.
Gordon, E. Woodruff, P. D. Anderson.

1832. Supervisor, George W. Ferrington ; Clerk,
Joseph Hickcox ; Assessors and Highway Commis-
isoners, P. D. Anderson, J. Bucklin, J. Seldon ;
Collector, John Thomas ; Poor Directors, P. Ful-
lerton; Treasurer, J. F. Rupeley; Constables, J.
Thomas, E. Fauls, Thos. Porter.

The records from 1833 to 1859 have been lost
and no list of officers for those years can be found.
The officers since 1858 are as follows :

1859. Supervisor, Alfred Harris; Clerk, Julius
G. T. Ziegler ; Treasurer, N. Ross ; Justice of
the Peace, David Sackett ; School Inspector, J. S.
Fisher ; Highway Commissioners, J. C. Jackson,

A. P. Mclntyre ; Poor Directors, J. Lee, H. Hoyt ;
Constables, B. Sackett, G. Lee, R. Ferrington, P.
R. Thompson.

1 860. Supervisor, David Sackett ; Clerk, Thomas
W. Mathews ; Treasurer, Julius G. T. Ziegler ;
Justice of the Peace, W. A. Smith ; School In-
spector, T. R. Gillett ; Highway Commissioners, B.
Sackett, J. D. Perry, W. Young; Poor Directors,

B. Coan, R. Wright ; Constables, B. Sackett, G.
Lee, M. Harris, C. Forrester.

1 86 1. Supervisor, Alfred Harris; Clerk, Charles
F. Nardin ; Treasurer, Julius G. T. Ziegler ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, D. S. Hodgeman ; School In-
spector, C. C. Smith ; Highway Commissioner, W.
Young ; Poor Directors, J. C. Jackson, H. Hoyt ;
Constables, T. R. Gillett, B. Sackett, R. McKinney,

C. Harris.

1862. Supervisor, David Sackett ; Clerk, Charles
T. Smith ; Treasurer, J. G. T. Ziegler ; Justice of
the Peace, J. C. Jackson ; School Inspector, A.
McLaughlin; Highway Commissioner, J. D. Perry;
Poor Directors, J. Lee, H. Hoyt; Constables, C.
Harris, J. Coon, J. C. Hutchinson, N. Philbrick.

1863. Supervisor, David Sackett ; Clerk, Charles
C. Smith ; Treasurer, W. Young ; Justices of the
Peace, A. Harris, D. Sackett ; School Inspector, J.
Sheahan; Highway Commissioners, H. Allen, M.
W. Lloyd; Poor Directors, L. Hoyt, J. Lee; Con-
stables, J. Hoyt, F. Brady, J. Coon, B. Green.

1864. Supervisor, Alfred Harris; Clerk,
Charles C. Smith ; Treasurer, W. Youngs ; Justices
of the Peace, W. A. Smith, B. Sackett; School In-
spector, D. G. Pierce; Highway Commissioner, J.
M. Lee ; Poor Directors, J. Lee, Sr., H. Hoyt ;

Constables, E. Sackett, J, Coon, J. Goodsell, F.
Gautherat.

1865. Supervisor, Julius G. T. Ziegler; Clerk,
Charles C. Smith ; Treasurer, G. Morris ; Justice
of the Peace, R. Ferrington; School Inspector, A.
B. I'ierce; Highway Commissioner, B. Sackett;
Poor Directors, J. Lee, H. Hoyt; Constables, E.
Minock, R. Prindle, M. Kirby, E. Sackett.

1866. Supervisor, John Prindle; Clerk, Charles
F. Nardin ; Treasurer, G. Morris ; Justices of the
Peace, S. R. Burgess, A. E. Bigelow ; School In-
spector, G. C. Gordon; Highway Commissioner,
M. Kennedy; Poor Directors, W. A. Smith, J.
Lee ; Constables, J. Coon. E. Sackett, R. Prindle,
J. Goodsell.

1867. Supervisor, John Prindle; Clerk, Charles

F. Nardin ; Treasurer, J. M. Lee ; Justices of the
Peace, B. Sackett, A. Harris; School Inspector, O.
Pierce ; Highway Commissioner, P. Mettetal ; Poor
Directors, W. A. Smith, G. Norris ; Constables, M.
Smith, W. Vincent, L. Hoyt, E. Sackett.

1868. Supervisor, William A. Smith; Clerk,
A. B. Pierce; Treasurer, J. M. Lee; Justices of the
Peace, L. Thayer, W. P. Griffin; Highway Com-
missioner, B. Sackett; School Inspectors, A. Mette-
tal, D. Y. Pierce; Poor Directors, J. Watch, G.
Norris ; Constables, M. Smith, E. Sackett, I. Smead,
P. Brink.

1869. Supervisor, Abijah J. Wilson ; Clerk De-
metrius Y. Pierce; Tre^urer, R. Ferrington; Jus-
tices of the Peace, W. P. Griflfin, A. B. Pierce ;
Highway Commissioners, H. Croomer, A. C.Pierce ;
School Inspectors, A. B. Pierce, C. C. Smith ; Poor
Directors, G. Norris, E. Wright; Constables, M.
Smith J. Coombs, Z. Villerot, E. Sackett.

The records for 1870 are lost.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Jeremiah Sheahan; Clerk,
William Elmer Houk; Treasurer, A. S. Woodruff;
Justice of the Peace, A. B. Pierce; Highway Com-
missioner, A. Harris; School Inspector, C. A. An-
drews; Poor Directors, W. P. Griffin, J G. T.
Ziegler ; Constables, J. C. Hutchinson, W. Frank-
lin, A. Fisher, Z. W. Hoyt.

1872. Supervisor, Alfred Harris ; Clerk, William
Elmer Houk ; Treasurer, A S. Woodruff ; Justice
of the Peace, Z. W. Hoyt ; School Inspectors, E.
Minock, C. A. Pierce ; Highway Commissioner, E.
P. Smith ; Drain Commissioner, R. B. Ferrington ;
Poor Directors, J. Prindle, W. A. Smith ; Constables,
L. Harris. T. O'Brien, A. Griffin, J. C. Hutchinson.

1873. Supervisor, Alfred Harris ; Clerk, Charles
Steger; Treasurer, I. F. Dubois; Justice of the
Peace, E. Sackett ; School Inspector, F. U. Nardin ;
Highway Commissioner, E. E. Bigelow ; Drain
Commissioner, F. Brady ; Poor Directors, D. Smead,

G. Norris; Constables, J. C. Hutchinson, P. Brink
H. Cromer, G. Parrent.

1358

REDFORD TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1874. Supervisor, Ansel B. Pierce ; Clerk, Pierre
J. Chavey ; Treasurer, I. F. Dubois ; Justice of the
Peace, F.J. Smith; School Inspector, E. Minock;
Highway Commissioners, M. Kirby, L. Gautherat ;
Drain Commissioner, W. E, Houk : Poor Directors,
J. Dunning, T. Hobbins; Constables, I. Smead, A.
Griffin, M. Smith, J. C. Hutchinson.

1875. Supervisor, Ansel B. Pierce ; Clerk, Wm.
E. Houk; Treasurer, N. A. Bryant; Justice of the
Peace, G. Morris ; Superintendent of Schools, E.
M. Minock ; School Inspector, H. Dubois ; High-
w^ay Commissioner, A. S. Woodruff; Drain Com-
missioner, A. Harris; Constables, J. C. Hutchinson,
E. Vincent, ,H. Harris. J. Minock.

1876. Supervisor, John M. Lee; Clerk, Charles
D. Cdllins ; Treasurer, H. Houk ; Justice of the
Peace, A. C. Pierce ; Superintendent of Schools, E.
Minock ; School inspector, F. U. Nardin ; Drain
Commissioner, E. Becker ; Constables, J. Brown,
J. Morris, R. Brown, H. Cromer.

1877. Supervisor, Alfred S. Woodruff; Clerk,
Charles D. Collins ; Treasurer, H. Houk ; Justice of
the Peace, S. K. Burgess; Superintendent of
Schools, H. M. Dubois; School Inspector, F. U.
Nardin ; Highway Commissioners, W. Hendry ;
Constables, H. Cromer, T. Cooley, T. Nichols, J.
Minock.

1S78. Supervisor, Asa H. Willmarth; Clerk,
Frederick U. Nardin ; Treasurer, T. P. Mack ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, R. Prindle, Pierre J. Chavey ;
Highway Commissioner, W. Hendry ; Drain Com-
missioner, A. A. Harris ; Superintendent of Schools,
H. M. Dubois ; School Inspector, D. Y. Pierce ;
Constables, A. Dunning, J. Hutchinson, I. Nichols,
C Stewart.

1879. Supervisor, H. Perrin Burgess; Clerk,
Charles D. Collins ; Treasurer, T. P. Mack ; Justice
of the Peace, T. H Mathews ; Superintendent of
Schools, C. A. Pierce ; School Inspector, F. Wight ;
Highway Commissioner, J. M. Lee ; Constables, J.
Hutchinson, R. Prindle, E. McGahn, E. Forker.

1880. Supervisor, H. Perrin Burgess ; Clerk,
Charles D. Collins ; Treasurer, C. A. Pierce ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, J. Minock, J. Schneider ; Super-
intendent of Schools, A. B. Pierce ; Highway Com-
missioner, J. M. Lee ; Drain Commissioner, G.
Horn ; School Inspector, F. E. Wight ; Constables,
D. Dubois, J. Hutchinson, W. Hendry, W. P.
Griffin.

1 88 1 . Supervisor, David Gennay ; Clerk, Charles
D. Collins ; Treasurer, E. P. Smith ; Justices of the
Peace, H. M. Dubois, J. Minock ; Superintendent
of Schools, S. C. Pierce ; School Inspector, F. E.
Wight; Highway Commissioner, B^. Beckwith;
Drain Commissioner, J. Zeigler ; Constables, J. C.
Hutchinson, D. J. Dubois, R. Reynolds, S. Norris.

1882. Supervisor, John M. Lee; Clerk, George

C. Burgess; Treasurer, E. P. Smith; Justice of the
Peace, E. E. Bigelow ; Highway Commissioner, P.
Beckwith ; School Inspectors, F. Wight, H. H.
Dubois; Drain Commissioners, A. Harris; Con-
stables, J. Law, C. Steward, J. C. Hutchinson, D.
Dubois.

1883. Supervisor, John M. Lee; Clerk, George

C. Burgess ; Treasurer, L. E. Wight ; Justices of
the Peace, S. K. Burgess, P. J. Chavey ; Highway
Commissioner, T. P. Mack; Drain Commissioner,
L. D. Carr ; School Inspector, Charles Smith ; Con-
stables, C. Steward, J. C. Hutchinson, E. Burns, P.
Haskell.

1884. Supervisor, John M. Lee; Clerk, Charles

D. Collins ; Treasurer, L. E. Wight ; Justices of the
Peace, J. Minock, H. M. Ferrington ; Highway Com-
missioner, A. P. Woodruff ; Drain Commissioner,
H. Cromer ; School Inspector, E. Minock ; Con-
stables, C. Steward, J. C. Hutchinson, H. Brown, A.
A. Smith.

1885. Supervisor, George C. Lawrence ; Clerk,
Emile Chavey ; Treasurer, T. C. Houghton ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, A. C. Pierce, C. W. Cornwall, H.
M. Dubois ; Highway Commissioner, J. Law ;
School Inspector, G. C. Hutchinson ; Constables,
C. Steward, T. Perry, J. Dunning, J. Mack.

1886. Supervisor, George C. Lawrence; Emile
S. Chavey ; Treasurer, T. C. Houghton ; Justice of
the Peace, E. P. Smith ; Highway Commissioner,
J. R. Churches; Drain , Commissioner, C. Stager ;
School Inspector, G. C. Burgess ; Constables, A.
Smith, T. Durham, E F. Roy, G. L. Sutherland.

1887. Supervisor, George C. Lawrence; Clerk,
John W. Parent ; Treasurer, Oliver Watch ; Justices
of the Peace, P. J. Chavey, E. P. Smith ; Highway
Commissioner, J. R. Churches; School Inspector,
C. W. Gordon ; Constables, E. Henry, C. Tuttle. J.
A. Mack, C. Steward; Drain Commissioner, C.
Lynch.

1888. Supervisor, Thomas C. Houghton; Clerk,
John W. Parent ; Treasurer, O. Watch ; Justices of
the Peace, J. Minock, D. Ganey ; Highway Com-
missioner, G. Miller; Drain Commissioner, E. P.
Smith ; School Inspector, E. S. Chavey ; Con-
stables, A. Henry, A. Becker, E. G. Westlake,
Wm. Muldraugh.

1889. Supervisor, Thomas C. Houghton; Clerk,
Charles D. Collins ; Treasurer, G. C. Lawrence ;
Justice of the Peace, J. Sheehan ; Highway Com-
missioner, J. Law ; School Inspector, P. L. West ;
Drain Commissioner, J. Dunning; Constables, M.
Smith, P. Vizard, C. Rathbun, O. Lasher.

1890. Supervisor, Eli Mettetal; Clerk, C. D.
Collins ; Treasurer, T. Perry ; Justice of the Peace,
J. Ziegler ; Justice of the Peace to jfill vacancy, A.
C. Pierce; Highway Commissioner, D. G. Geney;
School Inspector, W. C. Goffman ; Board of Re-

REDFORD TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1359

view, Thomas Mack, J. M. Lee ; Constables, A.
Wight, J. Simens, P. Vozzard, J. Mack.

The school report for the year ending Septem-
ber 3, 1888, showed a total enrollment of 672, with
an average daily attendance of 462. The district
libraries contained 2,154 volumes, and there were
six brick and four frame houses seating 629 pupils,
and valued at $11,950. Fifteen teachers were em-
ployed The population of the township in 1850
was 1,645; in i860, 1,861; in 1870, 1,872, and in
1880, 1,947. The valuation of the property in the
township in 1840 was $147,521 ; in 1850, $86,976 ;
in i860, $311,363; in 1870, $323,441 ; and in 1880,
$1,153,650.

A branch of the Rouge, known as Bell Branch,
flows through the town, and took its name from
Benjamin Bell, who bought land in the town in
1830. Another stream, formerly known as Pow-
ers s Creek, was named after Joseph Powers, who
bought the greater part of Section 15, in August,
1831.

Rev. J. B. Varnum; 1872-1874, Rev. Alexander
Gee; 1875-1877, Rev. J. G. Morgan; 1878-1880,
Rev. C.W.Austin; 1881, Rev. Newell Newton;
1882-1884, Rev. L. L. Houghton; 1885-1888, Rev.
R. C. Lanning; 1888-1889, Rev. H.Marshall ; 1889,
Rev. A. Smith,

St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church was organ-
ized in 1850, but had no stationed priest until 1857.
Their first church building was erected in 1857,
and burned down in 1858. The present building
was first used in i860. It will seat 300, and the
church property is now worth about '$10,000. The
parish has been served by the following ministers :
Rev. E. Dumont afterwards Bishop of Tournag in
Belgium, from 1857-1861 ; Rev. C. Chambille, from
1 86 1 to 1866 ; Rev. C. W. Frain now Mgr. Frain
in New Orleans from 1866 to 1868 ; Rev. M. Hens,
from 1868 to 1870; Rev. F. X. Pourret, from 1870
•to 1873; Rev. C. Chambille, from 1873 until his
death on June 15, 1883; Rev. F. Gauthier, from
August 9, 1883.

BEECH, FORMERLY FISHER'S STATION.

This village, on the line of the Detroit, Lansing &
Northern Railroad, was laid out in 1872, and then
designated as Fisher's Station, after Albert Fisher,
who owned land near by. The name was subse-
quently changed to Beech, to conform with the
name of the postoffice.

BELL BRANCH, FORMERLY REDFORD CENTER.

This is a small village on the River Rouge,
which for a long time after its first settlement was
known as Redford Center. It contains a Baptist
church, the society being organized December 6,
1 83 1. The first church, built in 1842, has for some
years been used as a barn. The present church
was dedicated in January, 1875, will seat 400, and
cost $5,000. It is impossible to give a full list of
the pastors. Rev. Nehemiah Lamb served from
1832 to 1837; Rev. Emory Curtis, from 1840 to
1848; Rev. Thomas Shaftoe, from 1849 to 1866;
Rev. N. B. Bancroft, from 1868 to 1871 ; Rev. E.
B.Moody, from 1873 to 1876; Rev. D. D. Wald-
rum, from 1881 to 1883; Rev. A. F. Niles, from
1885 to 1888 ; Rev. C. H. Calahan, from 1888.

A Methodist Church was formed here in 1835,
The present church building, built in 1845, will seat
200, and cost $1,000. The ministers since 1861
have been as follows : 1861, Rev. C. C. Yemans;
1862, Rev. A. Minnis; 1863-1864, Rev. James F.
E)orey ; 1865, Rev. Lewis Mitchell ; 1866, Rev. J.
Balls; 1867, Rev. A. C. Shaw; 1868, Rev. J. H.
Curnalia; 1869-1870, Rev. A. W. Wilson; 1871,

DUBOISVILLE

Is located on the northwest corner of Section 9,
and is named after Jacob C. Dubois, who bought
land there as early as 1835. It had a Union Church
building which was erected about 1840 at a cost of
$600, but it has been used as a dwelling for a num-
ber of years.

OAK.

This is a small village on the D. L. & N. R. R.,
with a population of about 200.

PLANK ROAD, OR CLARENCEVILLE.

This village is located on the northwest corner of
the township, and has a population of about 300 in
its immediate vicinity. It has a grist mill, cream-
ery and cheese factory. It is locally known as
Clarenceville, after Mr. Clarence, who lived here.
It has a German Lutheran Church, built in 1878,
at a cost of $900, which seats 250. It is a mission
station, and is supplied by a Lutheran minister
from Farmington.

REDFORD.

This village is about four miles north of Beech
Station and has several hundred inhabitants. As
early as 1 838 two saw mills and a flour mill were
located here.

SAND HILL

Is a well known place on the line of the Grand
River Road, at which a postoffice is located.

1360

REDFORD TOWNSHIP- BIOGRAPHICAL.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

FELIX GAUTHIER, D. D., was born in the
City of Quebec, Canada, on January 22, 1836, and
is the son of Felix Odilon Gauthier and Maria
(Laparre) Gauthier. His father, at the time of his
son's birth, was a lawyer, and afterwards became
Judge of the Superior Court, and at the time of his
death, on April 30, 1876, had been on the retired list
for five or six years.

Felix was sent to the elementary schools until
eight years of age, when he became a day scholar
at the school of the Christian Brothers, remaining
one year. He then entered the preparatory semi-
nary at Quebec, completed his classical course in
1852, and in his sixteenth year commenced his
philosophical studies. In 1 854 he entered the theo-
logical seminary, and in 1857, too young yet for
ordination, he studied civil law at Laval University.
In 1859 he went to Rome to prepare his examina-
tions for ordination and theological degrees. He
pursued his studies in theology at the Roman
(Jesuit) College, and was ordained in Rome on Oc-
tober 7, i860, by Cardinal Patrizi, Cardinal Vicar
at that time. After his ordination he remained
seven or eight months in Rome, and received the
degree of doctor of divinity in March, 1861.

In the exercise of the holy ministry, he was first
curate at St. John's Church, Quebec, staying there
three years. He also filled that position for one
year on the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He was then
made pastor of St. Giles's Church in the Diocese of
Quebec, performing the duties of pastor at the
church for three years. Subsequently, for fifteen
months, he was pastor in Corona in the Diocese of
London, and for three years pastor at Maidstone
Cross in the same diocese. He was then trans-
ferred to Toledo, Ohio, where for four years he
served as pastor of St. Louis' French congregation
of the Diocese of Cleveland. He then for three
years officiated as pastor at St. Mary's Corners,
Fulton County, Ohio, in the Diocese of Cleveland.
He was next transferred to Newport, Monroe
County, Michigan, in the Diocese of Detroit, where
he remained until June, 1883, when he was ap-
pointed to his. present pastorship at Redford,
Wayne County, Michigan.

Of a kind and gentle disposition, zealous and
self-sacrificing, Father Gauthier possesses to an
eminent degree the qualifications requisite for those
who have assumed the onerous and responsible
duties of the priesthood. Imbued with a deep love
for his fellow-men, he is unflagging in his efforts to
bring them into closer contact with their Redeemer,
and to insure their spiritual welfare. His efforts

have been and are highly appreciated by the mem-
bers of his various congregations, by whom he is
deeply beloved.

GEORGE C. GORDON was born October 15,
1832, in Napanee, Canada, and was the son of
Samuel M. and Clarinda (Lucas) Gordon. His
father was of Scotch-Irish descent and his mother
of Welsh ancestry. The father, who was a fan-
ning-mill maker by trade, died at the age of thirty-
six of consumption which he had contracted in a
severe storm. He left two sons and four daugh-
ters. The two boys, aged ten and twelve years,
came to Michigan to live with their father's broth-
ers, Losson and Philetus Gordon of Livingston
County. They soon, however, ^started out in the
world for themselves, working at various employ-
ments, but mostly at farming. The only education
obtained by George C. Gordon was acquired by
attending the district schools three months every
winter until he reached his seventeenth year. At
the end of this period he returned to Canada,
taught school for one term, and then came back to
Michigan. In his nineteenth year he taught school
at Redford Center for a term, and then went to the
State Normal School at Ypsilanti. He subse-
quently entered the law department at the Univer-
sity of Michigan, and graduated in i86f. After
leaving the University he made his home in De-
troit until 1862, when he enlisted as Lieutenant of
Company I, Twenty-fourth Michigan Volunteers,
but left for the front as Captain of the company.
At the battle of Gettysburg he fell into the enemy's
hands. His brave conduct at that famous engage-
ment has been well described in a letter sent to one
of the Detroit papers, shortly after the battle by
Sergeant Nardin, of his company, who wrote :

" The last time I saw Captain Gordon was on
the field. I was partly .stunned by a musket ball ;
at the same time our lines fell back a few yards. I
soon came to myself again and stepped over sev-
eral men lying on the ground, back to our company.
There Captain Gordon was using great energy in
keeping his men in line. I never saw a man stand
with such determined energy as he did. I was
told afterwards by the commanding officer of the
next company that our captain kept one of the best
lines in the regiment. All who saw his conduct
speak in the highest praise of his gallantry."

Captain Gordon passed twenty months in south-
ern prisons, ten months being spent in the notorious
Libby prison. In February, 1865, he, with three
comrades, escaped by jumping from the cars, while

f^^/'/^-^-^, c^;-^

^^i ^. .fy.

:/oi</l<y^

REDFORD TOWNSHIP "BIOGRAPHICAL.

I361

being taken from Columbia, South Carolina, prison
to another, as he supposed, but in reality for ex-
change. Sick, shoeless, and half-naked, he trav-
eled by night and was secreted and fed by slaves
during the day. He was again captured by
Wheeler's cavalry, but escaped from them also by
crawling a long distance on his hands and knees
while the guard was too sleepy to notice him.
After three weeks of suffering and hardship he fi-
nally reached the Union lines, where he was warmly
welcomed.

During his term of service he was steadily ad-
vanced in promotion, and at the close of" the war
held the rank of Brevet-Major.

He was married in 1853 to Charlotte Ross, of
Redford. She died in July 1855, leaving one child,
Lottie, now Mrs. H. P. Smith, of Howell. On May
27, 1857, he was married to Carrie Spencer, a resi-
dent of Redford. They had six children, Ada E.
now Mrs. R. A. Lyon, of Redford ; George S.,
born in 1862; Grant W., in March, 1866; Donald
C, in May 1867 ; Clifton D., in October, 1869 and
Spencer, in July, 1872.

Captain Gordon was an active worker of the
Methodist Episcopal church, and was connected
with the Good Templars of which he was for a
time Master, and he was also a member of the
Patrons of Husbandry, serving as Master of that
organization. Until the breaking out of the Civil
War he was a Democrat, but when the war began
he became a member of the Republican party.
For a number of years he was a Justice of the
Peace, and during 1 871 and 1872 was County Su-
perintendent of Schools for Wayne County. At
the end of his term he was renominated for the
position, but before the election took place the
office was abolished.

During the last year of his life Captain Gordon,
on account of sickness, did little work except to
superintend his farm and oversee the building of
his house in which he lived but eight months. He
died on August 27, 1878.

He was a frank, open-hearted man. Physically-
large of frame he was equally large of heart, and
endeared himself to his friends and fellow-citizens
by his many deeds of kindness. His record as a
soldier, as a citizen and as a friend is an enviable one
and worthy of emulation.

GEORGE C. LAWRENCE, of Redford. was
born at Franklin, in the tow^nship of Southfield,
Oakland County, Michigan, on April 20, 1851, and
is the son of William and Catherine Lawrence. His
parents were both born in Somersetshire, England,
his father being of old English stock and his mother
descending from Welsh ancestors who settled in
England many centuries ago. They emigrated to

Canada in 1842, and after remaining there a short
time came to Michigan. From here they went to
Indiana, but becoming dissatisfied with their sur-
roundings they returned to Michigan, and finally
located in Redford, Wayne County, where, in 1889,
they were still living in the enjoyment of health, of
body and mind, although beyond the allotted three
score and ten,

George C. Lawrence spent the days of his boy-
hood and youth in the usual manner of farmers'
sons, working' in the summer and attending the
district school in the winter. When fourteen years
of age he went to the Cass Union School of Detroit
for a year, and in 1869 entered the State Normal
School at Ypsilanti, continuing there for two years,
and subsequently, in 1873, attending Goldsmith's
Business College.

For ten years, beginning with 1870, he taught a
district school in the winter and worked on his
father's farm during the summer. He commenced
farming on his own account in 1878, which occupa-
tion he followed until his removal to Detroit in 1889.
His success as a farmer was very marked, and ow-
ing to the intelligent methods he employed, his
farm yielded to him annually a handsome income.
. Mr. Lawrence is a staunch, thorough-going
Republican and never hesitates to sacrifice time
and labor to advance the w^elfare of his party.
His superior intelligence and energetic ways have
made him the leader of the Republicans of his
section of the county, and his efficient services are
heartily appreciated by the party. He is an enthusi-
astic member of the Michigan Club, and never
fails to be present at its receptions and demonstra-
tions. He also belongs to the Ancient Order of
United Workmen and the Patrons of Husbandry.
Before he reached the age of twenty-one, he was
nominated for the office of Town School Inspector,
but failed of an election by a tie vote in a township
which at that time was strongly Democratic. Dur-
ing the three years beginning with 1885, he was
Supervisor of his township, and chairman of the
County Board of Supervisors in 1887. In Decem-
ber, 1888, he was appointed one of the Superin-
tendents of the Poor of Wayne County, which
office he held until August 6, 1889, when he was
appointed by Governor Luce to fill a vacancy on
the Board of County Auditors. An incident con-
nected with his appointment to this last office is
worthy of mention, and well illustrates the high
esteem in which he is held by his fellow-citizens.
When the six different candidates for the position
were asked by the Governor whom they would pre-
fer to have appointed in case they were not, five of
them warmly recommended Mr. Lawrence.

Personaliy Mr. Lawrence is of a modest and un-
assuming disposition, and has succeeded because

1362

ROMULUS TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

of his integrity of heart and sincerity of purpose,
and he possesses the esteem and confidence of a
host of friends who have been won by his kind and
affable manner. Perhaps the most prominent trait
of his character is the unswerving and unvarying
honesty which marks all his transactions with his
fellow-men. He is democratic is his ways, faithful

to his friends, upright and public-spirited, and
possesses qualities which make him an excellent
citizen and a desirable friend.

He was married to Miss Ella C. Spencer, on
October 23, 1878. They have two sons and one
daughter, namely, William C, George Cecil and
Bessie Clarissa.

ROMULUS TOWNSHIP.

This township was organized out of part of
Huron by Act of March 17, 1835, ^md includes all
of town 3 south of Range 9 East. The first town-
ship meeting was held at the house of Joseph T.
Pullen on Monday April 16, 1835. The officers for
the several years have been :

1835. Supervisor, David J. Pullen; Clerk, John
Simpson, Jr.; Assessors, Joseph T. Pullen, Hale
Wakefield, George Dykeman ; Highway Commis-
sioners, Samuel Tobyne, F. G. C. Jasper, Alexan-
der Simpson; School Inspectors, John F. Smith,
John Carr, Jinks Pullen; Poor Masters, Warren
Blair, Benjamin D. Smith ; Constable and Col-
lector, Jinks Pullen.

1836. Supervisor, David J. Pullen; Clerk, John
Simpson, Jr.; Assessors. Henry Smith, Oliver H.
Young ; Highway Commissioners, Peter Delany,
Samuel Tobyne, Isaac F. Chapman ; Overseers of
the Poor, Warren Blair, John Simpson ; School In-
spectors. John Carr, Henry Smith, Peter Delany,
Jinks Pullen, John F. Smith ; Justices of the Peace,
Joseph T. Pullen, one year, Henry Smith, two
years, John Simpson, Jr., three years, John Carr,
four years ; Collector, Jinks Pullen ; Constables,
Jinks Pullen, Jeremiah S. Everett, Cornelius Post.
Jonathan Bennett.

1837. Supervisor, David J. Pullen ; Clerk, Jo-
seph T. Pullen ; Justices of the Peace, Aaron Dick-
inson, Dorus Curtiss ; Collector, Jinks Pullen ; As-
sessors, John B. Gibb, Joseph W. Sillsby, Oliver H.
Youngs ; Highway Commissioners, Edward Howe,
Peter Delany, Ezra Parrish ; Overseers of the Poor,
Jacob C. Post, Peter Delany; School Inspectors,
Joseph W. Silsby, Z. E. Adams, Willis Breed,
Aaron Dickinson, Jos. T. Pullen, Ira S. Hall, N.
W. Pullen ; Constables, Ambrose P. Young, Ezra
Parish, N. Delany, Jinks Pullen.

1838. Supervisor, David J. Pullen ; Clerk. N.
W. Pullen ; Justices of the Peace, Daniel Hayward,
Oliver Dickinson ; Collector, Ambrose P. Young ;
Assessors, John B. Gibb, Ira S. Hall, Jinks Pul-
len; Highway Commissioners, Oliver Dickinson,
Benj. Barry, Ira S. Hall ; Overseers of the Poor,
John C. Yates, Peter Delany ; School Inspectors,

Ira S. Hall, Aaron Dickinson, Norman Brace ; Con-
stables, Ambrose P. Young, C. C. Post, A. Dick-
inson, Abner Thompson.

1839. Supervisor Seth Marsh; Clerk, Ambrose
P. Young ; Treasurer, Joseph T. Pullen ; Justices
of the Peace, Oliver Dickinson two years, Hiram
Rice, three years, Levi Eaton, four years ; Col-
lector, C. C. Post ; School Inspectors. B. G. Tis-
dall. N. W. Pullen, J. C. Yates; Assessors, I. S.
Hall, D. J. Pullen, H. Austin ; Highway Commis-
missioners, B. Barry, Wm. Hale, D. Curtis ; Poor
Directors, J. C. Post, P. Delany ; Constables, C.
C. Post, J. B. Gibb, J. M. Miller, C. Powers.

1840. Supervisor, David J. Pullen; Clerk, Jo-
seph T. Pullen ; Treasurer, Hiram Fisk ; Justices
of the Peace, Z. E. Adams, N. W. Pullen; School
Inspectors, Z. E. Adams, N. W. Pullen, A. P. Young;
Assessors, Samuel Rice, A. P. Young, Oliver Dick-
inson ; Highway Commissioners, R. Kenyon, J.
Pullen, B. Barry ; Collector, Moses F. Rice ; Poor
Directors, M. Brower, P. Delany ; Constables, M.
F. Rice, J. Johnson, J. M. Miller, P. D. Vanseler.

1 841. Supervisor, Henry B. Adams; Clerk, An-
drew J. Pullen ; Treasurer, Hiram Fisk ; Justices of
the Peace, Benj. Barry, A. P. Young ; Assessors, O.
Dickinson, Geo. Dykeman, I. S. Hall ; Highway
Commissioners, Jos. Evans, C. C. Post, John
Parker ; Collector, James Johnson ; School Inspect-
ors, Z. E. Adams, N. W. Pullen, O. Dickinson ;
Poor Directors, P. Delany, S. Rice; Constables, J.
Johnson, H. Thompson, R. Kenyon, R. French.

1842. Supervisor, Oliver Dickinson; Clerk, David
J. Pullen ; Treasurer, Jinks Pullen ; Justices of the
Piece, Oliver Dickinson, James Barry; Assessors,
John Carr, P. Delany; School Inspectors, N. W.
Pullen, F. G. C. Jasper, J. F. Smith; Highway
Commissioners, A. Dickinson, M. Brower, J.
Evans ; Poor Directors, S. Rice, P. Reynolds ;
Constables, S. H. Townsend, A. J. Pullen, H.
Thompson, D. J. Nichols.

1843. Supervisor, John F. Smith ; Clerk, Hiram
Fisk ; Treasurer, W. Blair ; Justice of the
Peace, Michael McConolgne ; Assessors, John
Carr, W. Brace; School Inspectors, John

ROMULUS TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFP'ICERS.

1363

Carr, Z E. Adams ; Highway Commissioners,
S. Rice, Wm. Hale, J. Nowlin; Poor Directors,
John Carr, W. Blair; Constables, Wm. Palmer,
T. L. Everist, John Hiscock, F. Rice.

1844. Supervisor, John Carr; Clerk, George W.
Moore; Treasurer, Wm. Powell; Justice of the Peace,
Joseph Evans; Highway Commissioners, Levi Eaton,
R. Morrison, Geo. Dykeman ; Assessors, D. Curtis.
J. M. Miller; School Inspectors, H. M. F. Smith;
Poor Masters, M. Brower, P. Delaney ; Constables,
John M. Hiller, S. H. Townsend, M. F. Rice, F.
Rice.

The records from 1844 to 1875 cannot be found.
See Chapter XXH for names of Supervisors in these
years.

1875. Supervisor, Wm. Whitacre ; Clerk, A. J.
Pullen ; Treasurer, Robert C. Bird ; Justices of the
Peace, A. P. Young, John P. Drake ; Superintend-
ent of Schools, Wm. Whitacre ; School Inspector,
A. P. Young; Highway Commissioner, Pat. Kil-
ford ; Constables, Andrew Rice, Wm. Emery,
C. S. Merrill, Louis Bordens.

1876. Supervisor, Wm. Whitacre; Clerk, David
J. Pullen; Treasurer, Robert C. Bird; Justice of
the Peace, Edward Bingell ; Superintendent of
Schools, Wm. Whitacre ; School Inspector, Am-
brose P. Young ; Highway Commissioner, Jeston
R. Warner; Constables, Corydon S. Merrill, Albert
Bateham, C. Ransom, D. B. Fisk.

1877. Supervisor, Robert C. Bird ; Clerk, Hiram
G. Morris ; Treasurer, George C. Post ; Justice of
the Peace, Ira Munson ; Superintendent of Schools,
A. J. Pullen ; School Inspector, A. P. Young ;
Highway Commissioner, J. R. Warner; Consta-
bles, Jacob Chamberlain, Thomas Sloss, Aretus D.
FoM, Charles W. Pullen.

1878. Supervisor, Robert C. Bird ; Clerk, Hiram
G. Morris; Treasurer, George C. Post; Justices of
the Peace, Peter C. Bird, James M. Orr ; Superin-
tendent of Schools, Franklin Rutter; Highway
Commissioner, Alanson H. Cory ; School Inspector
and Drain Commissioner, Hugh Bradburn ; Con-
stables, George Barton, Daniel J. Bigelowe, Byron
Butler, Charles W. Pullen.

1879. Supervisor, William Whitacre; Clerk,
Wm. J. Moore ; Treasurer, Alexander McBride ;
Justice of the Peace, Ambrose P. Young ; High-
way Commissioner, John Swegles ; Superintendent
of Schools, Francis A. McBride ; Drain Commis-
sioner, Wm. Hale; School Inspector, Ambrose P.
Young; Constables, James Wright, Charles
Schaub, John Warblow, George Gladding.

1880. Supervisor, Wm. Whitacre ; Clerk, Wm.
J. Moore ; Treasurer, Alexander McBride ; Justice
of the Peace, Edward Bingell ; Highway Commis-
sioner and Drain Commissioner, John Swegles ;
Superintendent of Schools, Francis A. McBride ;

School Inspector, Ambrose P. Young ; Constables,
James Wright, Corydon S. Merrill, Wm. Emery,
John Poet.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Edward Bingell ; Clerk, Wm.
J. Moore ; Treasurer, Wm. Emery ; Justice of the
Peace, James M. Orr; Highway Commissioner,
Jesse Jacott; Superintendent of Schools, Frank A.
McBride ; School Inspector, Ambrose P. Young ;
Constables, James Wright, John Warblow, T. B.
Downer, Jasper Randall.

1882. Supervisor, P. C. Bird ; Clerk, Frank A.
McBride, Treasurer, James M. Orr; Justice of the
Peace, Robert Fulford ; Highway Commissioner,
Russell Rice ; Drain Commissioner, Efnanuel
Beard ; School Inspectors, Jesse Jacott, Roswell
Raymond ; Constables. James Wright, John W.
Delany, A. J. Eves, Solomon Jacott.

1883. Supervisor, Peter C. Bird; Clerk, Samuel
• R. Kingsley, Jr. ; Treasurer, Charles Foss ; Justice

of the Peace, Andrew J. Hosmer; Highway Com-
missioner, John Horen ; School Inspector, Frank
H. Rutter; Constables, James Wright, Jesse C.
Jacott. John Hale, James McNutt.

1884. Supervisor, Peter C. Bird; Clerk, Samuel
R. Kingsley, Jr.; Treasurer, Charles Foss ; Justice
of the Peace, A. P. Young ; Highway Commis-
sioner, John Horen ; Drain Commissioner, John
Swegles ; School Inspector, Jesse C. Jacott ; Con-
stables, James Wright, Charles Newington, Wm.
McNutt, Aretus D. Ford.

1885. Supervisor, Peter C. Bird ; Clerk, Samuel
R. Kingsley, Jr.; Treasurer, Hiram E. Cross ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, John Swegles ; Highway Com-
missioner, Delmer H. Rood; School Inspectors,
Lewis C. McBride, John Rutter ; Constables, James
Wright, Charles Newington, George Newington,
Elmer Evans.

1886. Supervisor, Peter C. Bird; Clerk, Samuel
R, Kingsley, Jr.; Treasurer, Hiram E. Cross ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Robert Pulford ; Highway Com-
missioner, John Vining; Drain Commissioner, Wm.
Tinkham ; School Inspector, Ira F. Johnson ; Con-
stables, George Newington, Charles Newington,
Winfield Scott, James Wright.

1887. Supervisor, Frank D. Whitacre; Clerk,
Samuel R. Kingsley, Jr.; Treasurer, Delmer H.
Rood ; Justice of the Peace, A. J. Hosmer ; High-
way Commissioner, John Horen ; School Inspector,
John Rutter ; Constables, Richard Newsom,
Chas. Newington, Geo. Newington, Alonzo Sherman.

1888. Supervisor, Frank H. Rutter; Clerk,
Frank A. McBride ; Treasurer, Delmer H. Rood ;
Justice of the Peace, Peter C. Bird ; Highway Com-
missioner, Charles H. Newington ; Drain Commis-
sioner, Russell Rice; School Inspector, David H.
Wood^ Constables, James Wright, George Emery,
George E. Newington, Lewis Gigler.

1364

SPRINGWELLS TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1889. Supervisor, Frank H. Rutter; Clerk S. R.
Kingsley ; Treasurer, Albert McLaughey; High-
way Commissioner, Frank Olds ; Drain Commis-
sioner, O. W. Bird ; School Inspector, Wm Barton ;
Constables, Thomas McLaughey, Rudolph Winch.

1890. Supervisor, Joseph Boltz ; Clerk, F. D.
Whitacre ; Treasurer, J. Rosinworth ; Justice of the
Peace, D. Wood, Jr. ; Highway Commissioner, J.
Horner, Sr. ; Drain Commissioner. J. O. Bradburn; ;
School Inspector, Charles Hosmer; Board of Re-
view, Charles Foss. Norman Cross ; Constables,
Peter Esper, Wm Magee, Rudolph Mook. G. New-
ington,

A to^vn hall, 20x30, was built on the southwest
quarter of Section 20, in 1872, at a cost of $500.
In March, 1879, at a cost of $100, it was moved to
its present location on the southwest quarter of
Section 15, as near the center of the township as
possible.

In the earlier days the township was largely
infested with wolves, so much so that for many
years a bounty ranging from two to five dollars was
paid for the scalp of each wolf killed in the town-
ship. The name of the town undoubtedly preserves
the name of the traditional founder of Rome. One
of the streams running through the township,
marked on some old maps as Hale's Creek was
probably called HalFs Creek, after Ira S. Hall, who
bought land in the township in November, 1836.

The population of the township in 1850 was 621 ;
in i860, IJ06; 1870, 1,462; and in 1880, 1,741.

The valuation in 1840 was $108,412; in 1850.
$35,131 ; in i860. $146,747 ; in 1870, $170,831 ; and
in 1880, $560,410.

In 1888 there were seven school districts, and
during the year four male and eleven female teach-
ers were employed. Six hundred and forty-one

.children were enrolled, of whom four hundred
attended school during the year. The township
then contained nine school buildings, with sittings
for 470 pupils, and the property was worth $3,300.

MOUNT PLFASANT.

A village with the above name, located on Sec-
tion 31. on the river, was platted and recorded in
1834 It was on quite an elevation, and this fact
gave rise to its name It was projected during the
"paper city" period, and at one time contained
several buildings, including a hotel, saw-mill and
store. A Baptist church was organized here in
1836, but it did not thrive. The locality soon
became a great resort for counterfeiters, and thou-
sands of dollars of spurious coin are said to have
been manufactured here. In 1839 the leaders of
the gang were arrested and convicted, and the rest,
betaking themselves to safer quarters, left the vil-
lage to moulder and decay, and to-day nothing
remains of the once prosperous village except a few
worm-eaten timbers and the moss-covered clap-
boards of an old hotel.

ROMULUS, FORMERLY PULLEN'S CORNERS.

This village, located on the line of the Flint &
Pere Marquette Railroad, was originally named after
David J. Pullen, The village plat was recorded in
1836. In 1854 the Romulus Union Church Society
was organized for the purpose of constructing a
church building which should be open to all denomi-
nations free of charge, and for all funerals. A lot
was purchased on the northwest quarter of Section
20, and a church built and dedicated in June, 1856.
It will seat 200. and cost $1,400. Nearly every
denomination has held service in the building, but
it has been principally used by the Methodists.

SPRINGWELLS TOWNSHIP.

A township with the above name, located on the
river, was created on January 5, 18 18, but different
and lessened boundaries were defined by Law of
April 12, 1827, The first township meeting was
held at the house of Alexander P. Campau, on
Monday, May 28, 1827. The township was les-
sened in size by Law of March 31, 1833, which
created the town of Greenfield. By Law of April
2, 1850, more territory was added to Greenfield, but
by Law of March 25, 1873, ^ small portion of
Greenfield was added to Springwells. The town-
ship was, however, again curtailed by Acts of 1 849,
1857, 1875, and 1885, which added portions of the
township to Detroit. Under Law of 1889,' the

township Board divided the township into two elec-
tion districts. The portion south of the DIk Road
being the first district, and the portion north, the
second district.

The officers of the township have been as fol-
lows :

1827. Supervisor, Peter Godfrey; Clerk, Au-
drain Abbott ; Assessors, Gabriel Godfroy, John
Burbank, Levi Willard ; Collector, Joseph Visger ;
Overseers of the Poor, Gabriel Godfroy and John
Stanback ; Commissioners of Highway, Antoine
Mette, Abner Willard and Jacobs Dicks; Con-
stables, Ephraim Farnsworth, Peter W. Knaggs,
John Langdon, Samuel Lapham ; Road Masters,

SFRINGWELLS TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1365

John Brown, Ephraim Farnsworth, Antoine Lorain;
Pound Masters, Alexander P. Campau, John B.
Riopelle and Francis Cicott ; Fence Viewers, John
Dicks, John Langdon, Ephraim Farnsworth, Abna
Willard, Peter Labadie, Philip Chabert.

1828. Supervisor, Peter Godfroy ; Clerk, Elijah
Mudge and Audrain Abbott each part of year;
Collector, Joseph Visger ; Assessors, Gabriel God-
froy, F. Cicott, J. Burbank : Highway Commis-
sioners, A. Mette, J. Dicks. H. Gillispie ; Poor
Directors, J. Charboneau, P. Labadie; Constables,
J. Mudge, S. W. Lapham. A. Abbott, E. Farns-
worth, J. Visger, P. W. Knaggs, and E. Mat-
ticks.

1829. Supervisor, Peter Godfroy: Clerk, Au-
drain Abbott ; Assessors, J. Dicks, S. Smith, A.
Mette ; Collector, J. Visger ; Poor Directors, B.
Riopelle, R. Abbott; Highway Commissioners, R.
Stoddard, J. Burbank, C. Henderson ; Constables,
A. Abbott, P. W. Knaggs, S. Lapham, J. Visger.

1830. Supervisor, Peter Godfroy and R A.
Forsyth each part of year ; Clerk, Audrain Abbott;
Collector, J. Visger ; Assessors, Samuel Smith, R.
Abbott, A. Abbott; Highway Commissioners, J.
Burbank, P. Labadie, R. Stoddard ; Poor Directors,
W. Woodbridge, R. A. Forsyth, G. Godfroy, R.
Abbott, R. Stoddard ; School Commissioners, Wm.
Woodbridge, R. A. Forsyth, J. Knaggs, D. Thomp-
son, G. Godfroy.

1 831. Supervisor, William Woodbridge; Clerk,
Audrain Abbott; Collector, J. Visger; Assessors,
S. Smith, J. Dicks, A. Mette ; Highway Commis-
sioners, J. Burbanks, P. Labadie, N. P. Thayer ;
Constables, S. W. Lapham, D. Thompson.

1832. Supervisor, William Woodbridge; Clerk,
Audrain Abbott ; Collector, D. Thompson ; Asses-
ors, J. Dicks, A. Mette, N. P. Thayer ; Highway
Commissioners, C. Chaffee, W. C. Maples, J. Vis-
ger ; Constables, S. W. Lapham, D. Thompson.

1833. Supervisor, William Woodbridge; Clerk,
Audrain Abbott; Collector, Selah Mathews; Asses-
sor, S. Mathews, P. Campau, J. Dicks ; Highway
Commissioners, P. Campau, W. Steers, J. Visger.

1834. Supervisor, William Woodbridge; Clerk,
Audrain Abbott ; Collector, Audrain Abbott ; As-
sessors, P. Campau, J. Dicks, W. Steers ; Highway
Commissioners, P. Campau, J. Dicks, W. Steers ;
Poor Directors, H. B. Brevoort, J E. Schwartz;
Constables, E. Miller, A. Riopelle.

1835. Supervisor, William Woodbridge ; Clerk,
Audrain Abbott; Collector, J. Dicks; Assessors, J.
Dicks, P. Campau, J. Visger; Highway Commis-
sioners, P. Campau, A. Wood, J. C. Langdon ;
Constables, A. Wood, J. Dicks ; Poor Directors, P.
Godfroy. R. Abbott.

1836. Supervisor, William Woodbridge; Clerk,
Audrain Abbott ; Collector, W. Steers ; Assessors,

J. C. Langdon, B Hubbard, A. Wood ; Highway
Commissioners, J. C Langdon, B. Hubbard, A.
Wood ; Poor Directors, J. Barron, B. Hubbard ;
Constables, W. Steers, N. Klump ; School Com-
missioners, P. Godfroy, B. Hubbard, A. Abbott ;
Justices of the Peace, for one year, Abial Wood,
for two years, Audrain Abbott, for three years,
Jacob Dicks, for four years, John C. Langdon.

1837. Supervisor, Peter Godfroy; Clerk, Au-
drain Abbott ; Justice of the Peace, Jeremiah
Klump; Assessors, J. Dicks, W. Reed, G. Hender-
son ; Collector, W. Steers ; Highway Commis-
sioners, J. Dicks, G. Henderson, A. Lafferty ; School
Directors, P. Godfroy, R. Abbott, H. B. Brevoort ;
Poor Directors, R. Abbott, H. B. Hubbard ; Con-
stables, W. Steers, E. Klump, W. Lamoraux.

1838. Supervisor, Peter Godfroy ; Clerk, Audrain
Abbott ; Collector, B. F. Langdon ; Justice of the

.Peace, A Abbott; Assessors, D. Baldwin, W.
Reed ; J. G. Langdon ; Highway Commissioners,
N. Klump, W. Goodhue, J. Palmer; School In-
spectors, F. R. Dorr, N. O. Sergent, P. Godfroy ;
Poor Directors, J. Keal, J. Charboneau ; . Con-
stables, S. Goodhue, B F. Langdon, W. Lamo-
raux, J. Palmer.

1839. Supervisor, Peter Godfroy; Clerk, Au-
drain Abbott; Treasurer, J. R. Dorr; Justices of
the Peace, J. Barron, H. F. Backus, N. Klump, A.
Abbott ; Assessors, W. Reed, D. Baldwin, H. F.
Backus; Highway Commissioners, W. Reed, D.
Baldwin, H. F. Backus; School Inspectors, G. W.
Bedell, G. C. Henderson, J. R. Dorr ; Poor Direct-
ors, A. Frazier, A. Lafferty ; Collector, B. F. Lang-
don ; Constables, B. L. May, J. Palmer, B. F. Lang-
don.

1840. Supervisors, George W. Bedell; Clerk,
Audrain Abbott; Treasurer, H. F. Backus ; Justices
of the Peace, G. W. Bedell, W. Steers ; Assessors,
W. Reed, J. Dix, W. Steers ; School Inspectors, J.
Keal, S. Goodhue, H. F. Backus ; Poor Directors,
A. Frazier, A. Lafferty ; Collector, B. F. Langdon ;
Constables, F. Fifer, B. F. Langdon, L. Specht.

1 84 1. Supervisor, Peter Godfroy; Clerk, John
C. Langdon ; Treasurer, J. R. Dorr; Collector, G.
Henderson ; Assessors, G. W. Bedell, L. F. Beau-
bien. J. MuUett; School Inspectors, J. E. Schwartz,
J. P. Dorr, B. B. Kercheval; Highway Commis-
sioners, J. Dix, J. Mullett, B. F. Langdon; Poor
Directors, A. Lafferty, J. Cannan ; Constables, J.
Specht, J. Andrews, M. Daly, M. Doran ; Justice of
the Peace, L. Goodell.

1842. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell; Clerk,
William L. Woodbridge ; Treasurer and Collector,
J. R. Dorr; Justices of the Peace, H. B. Brevoort,
G. W. Bedell ; Highway Commissioners, L. Specht,
S. Hurd, J. Keal ; School Inspectors, W. Harsha,
W. Steers, C. L. Bristol ; Poor Directors, A. Laffer-

1366

SPRINGWELLS TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

ty, J. Cannan ; Constables, L. Specht, R. F. Lang-
don. E. P. Abbott, J. Dix.

1843. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell; Clerk,
William L. Woodbridge ; Treasurer and Collector,
W. Steers ; Justice of the Peace, J. Barron ; School
Inspectors. W. Harsha, one year, J. A. Cole, two
years, L. Specht, J. Cannan; Highway Commis-
sioners, S. Hurd, C. Campau, W. Reed ; Constables,
L. Specht, J. Fagan, B. F. Langdon, E. P. Abbott.

1844. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell ; Clerk, Wil-
liam L. Woodbridge ; Treasurer and Collector, W.
Steers; Justice of the Peace, J. Dorman; Highway
Commissioners, W. Reed, J. Fagan, S. Hurd;
School Inspector, J. E. Ryan ; Poor Directors, L.
Specht, J. Cannan; Constables, L. Specht, B. F.
Langdon, H. McLaughlin, E. P. Abbott.

The Records for 1845 and 1846 are lost.

1847. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell; Clerk, Wil-
liam L. Woodbridge ; Treasurer and Collector, E.
Visger ; Justice of the Peace, F. X. Cicotte ; School
Inspector, W. Burchell ; Highway Commissioners,
J. Dix, Sr , one year, N. Brevoort, two years, A.
Lafferty, three years; Poor Directors, H. Riopelle,
J. Girardin; Constables, R. Beaubien. E. Visger, J.
Riopelle, T. Boisclaire.

1848. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell; Clerk, Wil-
liam L. Woodbridge; Treasurer and Collector, L.
Specht ; Justice of the Peace, J. A. Cole ; Assessors,
J. Dorner, H. Riopelle; Highway Commissioner,
G. Lerchin ; School Inspector, N. J. Daniels; Poor
Directors N. Clump, J. Fagan; Constables, J. Dix,
Jr , W. Burchell, J. Riopelle, A. Beach.

1849. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell; Clerk, Wil-
liam W. Irwin ; Treasurer, L. Specht ; Justices of
the Peace, J. S. Abbott; J. Riopelle, J. Barron;
Assessors, J. Dix, H. McLaughlin ; Highway Com-
missioner, J. B. Piquette ; School Inspectors, E.
Reeder, J W. Sutton ; Poor Directors, T. Lyon, H.
Riopelle ; Constables, T. Boisclaire, W. Burchell,
E. Beach, J. S. Post.

1850. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell; Clerk, John
Greusel ; Treasurer and Collector, L. Specht ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, H. F. Backus ; School Inspector,
P. J. Loranger; Assessors, E. Livernois, Sr., A.
Frazier; Highway Commissioner, H. Button ; Poor
Directors, O. Riopelle, T. Boisclaire ; Constables,
R. Beaubien, E. Visger, J. Lorain, T. Boisclaire.

1 85 1 Supervisor, William W. Irwin; Clerk,
Barnard Hackett ; Treasurer and Collector, R.
Beaubien ; Justice of the Peace, E. Martin ; School
Inspector, J. Barron ; Assessors, E. Campau, S.
Livernois; Highway Commissioner, J. Lorain;
Poor Directors, M. Morris, J. Barron ; Constables,
P. Rattigan, E. Visger ; R. Henderson, J. Lorain.

1852. Supervisor, William W. Irwin; Clerk,
Bernard Hackett ; Treasurer and Collector, R.
Beaubien ; Justice of the Peace, J. Barron ; School

Inspector, E. Ranspach ; Assessors, J. Dorner, E.
Campau ; Highway Commissioner, S. Ludlow ;
Poor Directors, A. Riopelle, Miles Morris ; Con-
stables, P. Rattigan, E. Visger, J. Lorain, L. pecht.

1853. Supervisor, William W. Irwin; Clerk,
Bernard Hackett; Treasurer and Collector, R.
Beaubien ; Justices of the Peace. S. Ludlow, S.
Trudell ; Highway Commissioner, D. Riopelle ;
Poor Directors, M. Morris, H. Riopelle ; School
Inspector, J. Barron ; Constables, A. D. Burdeno,
M. McNabb, E. Visger, A. Lapham.

1854. Supervisor, William W. Irwin; Clerk,
John Greusel ; Treasurer, L. Specht ; Justices of
the Peace, G. W. Hooper, W. L. Woodbridge ;
Highway Commissioner, E. Campau; School Inspec-
tor, B. M. Davis ; Poor Directors L. Lognon, J.
Livernois ; Constables, A. D. Burdeno, S. P. Knapp,
A. Lauria, H. P. Cole.

1855. Supervisor, Bernard Hackett; Clerk,
Ernst Ranspach ; Treasurer and Collector, J.
Markey ; Justice of the Peace, H. T. Backus ;
School Inspector, J. D. Johnston ; Assessors, H.
Haggerty, J. B. Haas ; Highway Commissioner, D.
C. Whitwood ; Poor Directors, M. Morris, A. D.
Burdeno ; Constables, A. D. Burdeno, P. Dorman,
J. Livernois, W. Ringwald.

1856. Supervisor, Samuel Trudell; Clerk. Ernst
Ranspach ; Treasurer, J. Markey ; Justices of the
Peace, J. Barron, H. Haggerty, M. F. Dickinson ;
Assessors, E. Campau, M. Markey; Highway Com-
missioners, W. Walsh, P. Burns ; School Inspector,
J. R. Grout ; Poor Directors, M. Morris, J. Fahey ;
Constables, J. Livernois, J. O'Neal, C. Daugherty,
A. D. Burdeno.

1857. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty ; Clerk, Ernst
Ranspach ; Treasurer and Collector, J. Lorain ;
School Inspector, H. G. Vorce; Poor Directors, P.
Dormer, R. Henderson ; Assessors, M. Markey, H.
Riopelle ; Highway Commissioners, E. Campau, E.
Reaume ; Justices of the Peace, S. Ludlow, I. Mar-
cott ; Constables, P. Dormer, H. Riopelle, A. D.
Burdeno, W. Ludlow.

1858. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty ; Clerk, Fred-
erick Heidenreich ; Treasurer and Collector, J.
Lorain ; Justice of the Peace, J. Markey ; School
Inspector, C. Campau ; Highway Commissioner, J.
Shafer; Poor Directors, R. Henderson, J. Preston;
Constables, H. F. Riopelle, J. Livernois, J. Burke,
N. H. Perkins.

1859. Supervisor, Benjamin M. Davis; Clerk,
Frederick Heidenreich ; Treasurer, J. Lorain ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, E. Ranspach ; Assessors, C. C.
Campau, W. Welch ; Highway Commissioner, S.
Ludlow ; School Inspector, F. Hines ; Poor Direc-
tors, J. Preston, A. D. Burdeno ; Constables, H.
Riopelle, A. Lapham, J. Bourke, W. Ludlow.

1 860. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty ; Clerk, Con-

SPRINGWELLS TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1367

rad Clippert ; Treasurer and Collector, C. Markey ;
Justice of the Peace, S. W. Horton ; Assessors, S.
Livernois, S. Ludlow; Highway Commissioner, J.
Heiter ; School Inspector, J. R. Grout ; Poor Direc-
tors, J. Preston, R. Henderson; Constables, P.
Burns, J. Bourke, E. Barkume, J. Knoch.

1 86 1. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty ; Clerk, John
Greusel ; Treasurer and Collector, C. F. Campau ;
Justices of the Peace J. Barron, S. Ludlow; High-
way Commissioner, J. Shafer; School Inspector, E.
Barkume; Poor Directors, R. Henderson, J. Pres-
ton ; Constables, L. Burdeno, J. Lorain, M. Lang-
don, J. Riopelle.

1862. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty ; Clerk, John
Greusel ; Collector and Treasurer, John Hutter ;
Justice of the Peace, John Markey ; Highway Com-
missioner, A. Roulo ; School Inspector, T. Corco-
ran ; Poor Directors, J. Preston, R. Henderson ;
Constables. L. P. Allport, L. Burdeno, J. A. Lorain,
J. Knoch.

1863 Supervisor, Ernst Ranspach; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Collector and Treasurer, J. Hutter; Jus-
tice of the Peace, F. Hines; Highway Commis-
sioner, T. Sullivan ; School Inspectors, N. Grant, J.
R. Grout ; Poor Directors, J. Preston, R. Hender-
son ; Constables, J. A. Lorain, H. Miller, K. Bur-
deno, L. Lorain.

1864. Supervisor, Ernst Ranspach; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Collector and Treasurer, J. Hutter; Jus-
tice of the Peace, B. May ; Highway Commissioners,
M. Markey, J. Lorain; School Inspector, C. F.
Campau ; Poor Directors, J. Preston, R. Henderson ;
Constables, L. Lorain, I. Vermet, L. Burdeno, J.
A. Lorain.

1865. Supervisor, Ernst Ranspach; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Treasurer, J. R. Cooper; Justice of the
Peace, S. Ludlow; School Inspector, N. Grant;
Highway Commissioner, J. Lorain; Poor Direc-
tors, R. Henderson, H. Riopelle; Assessors, E.
Campau, M. Markey; Constables, J. Riopelle, J.
Goodman, F. Favre, L. Lorain.

1866. Supervisor, Ernst Ranspach; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Collector and Treasurer, J. R. Cooper ;
Justices of the Peace, J. Markey, N. Reiden ; High-
way Commissioner, H. Brossard ; School Inspectors,
F. F. Campau, M. Markey; Poor Directors, C.
Wagner, R. Henderson ; Constables, L. Burdeno,
A. Kurth, L. P. Allport, A. Wagner.

1867. Supervisor, Ernst Ranspach; Clerk, Eli
Barkume ; Treasurer, J. Markey ; Justice of the
Peace, W. Ringwald ; Highway -Commissioner, M.
Markey ; School Inspectors, P. Ratigan, B. May ;
Poor Directors, R. Henderson, C. Wagner ; Con-
stables, A. Kurth. L. Burdeno, J. McGon^on, L. P.
Allport.

1868. Supervisor, Ernst Ranspach; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Collector and Treasurer, J. Markey;

Justice of the Peace, H. Button ; Highway Com-
missioner, H. Haggerty ; Poor Directors, J. Hutter,
C. Wagner; School Inspector, B. Altenbrant; Con-
stables, L. Burdeno, A. Kurth, H. Randolph, J.
McGongon.

1869. Supervisor, Ernst Ranspach; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Treasurer, J. Lorain; Justice of the
Peace, S. Ludlow; School Inspector, P. Ratigan;
Highway Commissioner, H. Brossard; Poor Direc-
tors, R. Henderson, C. Wagner ; Constables, L,
Burdeno, H. Rudolph. J. P. Long, J. McGongon.

1870. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Treasurer, J. Lorain; Justice of the
Peace, N. Rieden ; Highway Commissioner, M.
Markey ; School Inspector, A. J. Linzee ; Poor Di-
rectors. H. Riopelle. C. Wagner; Constables, P. R.
Lisle, A. Kurth, J. Hyns, J. McGongon.

1871. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty; Clerk, Eli
Barkume; Treasurer, A. Shiel ; Justice of the
Peace, F. Hyns ; Highway Commissioner, E. Cam-
pau; Poor Directors, H. Riopelle, C. Wagner;
School Inspector, P. Ratigan; Constables, A.
Kurth, L. Burdeno, W. Larkins. W. Jacobs ; Drain
Commissioner, A. J. Linzee.

1872. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty; Clerk, Eli
Barkume ; Treasurer, Adam Shiel ; Justice of the
Peace, H. Button ; School Inspectors, A. R. Sink ;
Highway Commissioner, H. Brossard; Poor Direc-
tors, H. Riopelle, J. Schafer; Constables, W. Lar-
kins, J. L. Riopelle, H. Rudolph, H. G. Roeser.

1873. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty; Clerk,
Charles Ranspach; Treasurer, M. Schneider; Jus-
tice of the Peace, J. R. Cooper; Highway Com-
missioner, A. Wood worth; School Inspector, G. A.
T. Wheeler ; Drain Commissioner, E. Meade ;
Poor Directors, H Riopelle, J. Schafer ; Constables,
H. Rudolph, A. Kurth, P. Lang, J. Gagnon.

1874. Supervisor, Henry Haggerty; Clerk,
Charles Ranspach; Treasurer and Collector, J.
Greusel ; Justice of the Peace, S. Ludlow ; High-
way Commissioner, E. Campau ; School Inspector,
A. R. Sink; Drain Commissioner. M. Esper; Con-
stables, D. Riopelle, A. Kurth. W Ammen, P. Long.

1875. Supervisor, Conrad Clippert; Clerk, Au-
gustus R. Sink ; Treasurer, A. Gray ; Justice of the
Peace, F. F. Campau ; Supt. Schools, E. Barkume ;
Highway Commissioner. F. Hynes ; School Inspec-
tor, W. P. Ratigan; Drain Commissioner, C. B.
Hubbard ; Constables, F. Opp, A. Kurth, D. Rio-
pelle, H. Field.

1876. Supervisor, Conrad Clippert; Clerk, Au-
gustus R. Sink ; Treasurer, A. Gray; Justice of the
Peace, J. Streeter ; Highway Commissioner, F.
Hynes ; Supt. Schools, J. E W. Lumley ; School
Inspector, C. Ranspach; Drain Commissioner, M.
C. Maples ; Constables, O. De Long, F. Opp, W.
Ammon, A, Kurth.

1368

SPRINGWELLS TOWNSHIP—ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1877. Supervisor, Conrad Clippert; Clerk,
Charles B. Carstens; Treasurer, J. C. McDonald;
Justice of the Peace, W. Ford ; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. Greusel, Jr.; Supt. Schools, F. Peavey ;
School Inspector, C. Ranspach ; Constables, F.
Opp, C. Kuhn, O. De Long, F. Beatcher.

1878. Supervisor, Conrad Clippert; Clerk,
Charles B. Carstens and C. J. Ranspach, each part

of year ; Treasurer, J. C. McDonald ; Justice of the
Peace, S. Ludlow; Highway Commissioner, F.
Hynes; Supt. Schools, F. W. A. Kurth ; School
Inspector, L. Haggerty ; Drain Commissioner. F.
Chovin ; Constables, F. Beatcher, J. Harrington, C.
H. Kuhn, P. A. Mitte.

1879. Supervisor, Conrad Clippert; Clerk,
Charles C. J. Ranspach; Treasurer, J. Clixby ;
Justice of the Peace, F. F. Campau ; Highway
Commissioner, G. W. Wesch ; Supt. Schools, F.
W. A. Kurth ; School Inspector, G. W. Rider ;
Constables. L. Kuhlick, C H. Kuhn, D. M.
Frazier, J. Riopelle.

1880 Supervisor, Conrad Clippert and Lor-
enzo D. Haggerty, each part of a year; Clerk,
Charles C. J. Ranspach ; Collector and Treasurer,
J. H. Clixby ; Justice of the Peace, F. W. A. Kurth;
Highway Commissioner, G. W. Wesch ; Drain
Commissioner, J. Lorain, Jr.; Superintendent of
Schools, J. Lunger ; School Inspector, J. E. W.
Lumley; Constables, A. Bleeser, J. Harrington, A.
Kurth, D. M. Eraser.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Haggerty ; Clerk,
John Lunger ; Treasurer, C. Goldner ; Justice of
the Peace, J. Shields ; Highway Commissioner, P.
E. Hirth ; Superintendent of Schools, E. Reeder ;
School Inspector, M. P. Roulo; Constables, J. C.
Riopelle, A. Kurth, H. Fields, G. Rooks.

1882. Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Haggerty; Clerk,
John Lunger; Treasurer, C. Goldner; Justice of
the Peace, M. P. Roulo ; School Inspector, J.
Streator ; Highway Commissioner, P. E. Hirth ;
Drain Commissioner, C. Barkume; Constables, J.
L. Riopelle, C. H. Hill ; F. Rooks, A. Kurth.

1883. Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Haggerty; Clerk,
Augustus R. Sink ; Treasurer, F. Renter ; Justice
of the Peace, E. G. Webber ; Assessors, J. Greusel,
Jr., S. A. Baugh ; Highway Commissioner, P. E.
Hirth ; School Inspector, F. W. Higgins ; Poor
Directors, W. Endess, J. Goodman, Sr.; Constables,
C. H. Hill. P. E. Park, L. Kulich, A. Kurth.

1884. Supervisor, Joseph H. Clixby; Clerk,
Charles C. J. Ranspach ; Collector and Treasurer,
Eli Wuerth ; Justice of the Peace, F. W. A.
Kurth ; Highway Commissioner, P. E. Hirth ;
School Inspector, J. E. W. Lumley ; Constables,
C. Hill. H. Richardson, J. L. Riopelle, A. Kurth,
Sr.

1885. Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Haggerty; Clerk,

Peter Ternes; Collector and Treasurer, E. Wuerth ;
Justice of the Peace, J. Shields ; Highway Commis-
J. Mclntyre ; School Inspector, J. Lunger ; Con-
stables, D. Riopelle, C. A. Goldner, F. Kurth, G.
R. Stein.

1886. Supervisor. Joseph H. Clixby; Clerk,
Frederick W. Higgins ; Treasurer, M. M. Markey;
Justices of the Peace, F. C. Beatcher, F. W. A.
Kurth; Drain Commissioner, J. A. Riopelle;
School Inspectors, A. E. Riopelle, J. E. W. Lum-
ley; Constables, J. McCoy, F. Sullivan, P. Fuhr-
man, O. D. Long.

1887. Supervisor, Joseph H Clixby; Clerk,
Frederick W. Higgins ; Treasurer, M. M. Markey
Justices of the Peace, A, E. Riopelle, W. Ford
Highway Commissioner, W. H. H. McDonald
School Inspector, J Redwood ; Constables, F.
Bleeser, H. Schiller, J. McCoy, C. D. Roeser.

1888. Supervisor, Joseph H. Clixby; Clerk,
Frank Higgins ; Treasurer. E. Wuerth ; Justice of
the Peace, F. W. A Kurth ; Highway Commis-
sionee, W. H. H. McDonald ; Constables, C.
Roesser,,P. Fuhrman, J. McCoy, H. Schiller.

1889. Supervisor, Joseph H. Clixby; Clerk,
Frank Higgins; Treasurer, W. Meyers; Justice of
the Peace, C. C. J. Ranspach ; Highway Commis-
sioner, L. Schmidt; School Inspector, F. McDonald ;
Consuioles, H. Schiller, C. D. Roesser, C. Rickling,
J. McCoy.

1890. Supervisor, Wm. Meyer; Clerk, Hugh
Cary ; Treasurer, C. Clippert 2d; Highway Com-
missioner, Louis Schnick ; Justice of the Peace J.
McCoy; School Inspector, F. W. Higgins; Board
of Review, C. Clippert, J. McDonald ; Drain Com-
missioner, E. Distel ; Constables, F. Ostralo, H.
Schiller, C. Rickling, Martin Schweizer.

The school report for the year ending September
3, 1888, showed a total of four brick school-houses
costing $21,000 and four frame houses costing $4.-
300. The total seating capacity was 1,188. There
were 2,132 pupils enrolled, and an average attend-
ance of 620. Six male and nine female teachers
were employed.

The Catholic Church of the Holy Cross is lo-
cated on the Dix road on Private Claim 40. The
land was given 1838 by JOvSeph Charboneau, and
soon after a chapel was erected, and since that
time mission services have been held at intervals
by various priests.

The population of the township in 1850 was
1,263; in i860, 1,518; in 1870, 3,488; in 1880,
7,960. The value of the property in the township
in 1840 was $202,582; in 1850, $96,460; in i860,
$325,875; in 1870, $601,815; in 1880 $3,446,200.

The name of the township is thoroughly charac-
teristic of the natural features of the lands along
the river just below, and even within the present

SPRINGWELLS TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1369

limits of Detroit, and many natural spring-wells
are to be found in this region.

The township is not only w^ell watered with
springs, but a number of streams meander through
it. Baby Creek, or as its name is sometimes
spelled Baubee Creek, is so named from an old
French family who came to this region at a very
early day. Roulo Creek preserves the name of
Charles Roulo who once owned Private Claim No.
29. Campbell Creek was formerly a well known
stream, and was named after George Campbell,
one of the early settlers. Holden's Creek perpet-
uated the name of Theodore G. Holden, after whom
the Holden road is named. The River Rouge, or
as the English always wrote the name the Red River,
is the principal stream in the township, and next
after the Huron, the largest in the county, and re-
markably deep for its width. It was called the
Red River probably because the water was colored
in early times by the soil through which it ran.

The region about the mouth of the Rouge is des-
tined to be a great manufacturing center. A
canal has been cut from the bend about a mile
from the mouth to the Detroit River, with the purpose
of dykeing and draining a large tract, and in order
to give increased opportunity for dockage. A gov-
verment appropriation has been obtained, and the
channel has been widened, and for a quarter of a
mile from the mouth of the stream there is an aver-
age depth of sixteen feet of water A new bridge
over the Rouge at this point is also a great addi-
tional advantage.

In the immediate vicinity of these improvements
there is already located the Detroit Glass Works,
the Sulphite Fibre and Paper Works, the Michigan
Carbon Company, the Delta Lumber Company, the
Sutton Tub and Pail Factory, and the Anchor
Manufacturing Company, who produce not anchors,
but barrels in quantities. There are also extensive
brick yards in the township.

Fort Wayne, and Woodmere Cemetery, both of
which are described in another portion of this work,
are in this township. The most noticeable and at-
tractive feature, however, is the very extensive Inter-
national Fair and Exposition grounds and buildings.
Several hundred thousand dollars have been ex-
pended in this enterprise, and it is the most extensive
and beautifully located local exposition ever pro-
vided. It was first opened September 17, 1889,
closing on the 27th, and marks an era in the history
of Detroit.

There is also located in Springwells, on Lafayette
Street, between Govin and Springwells Streets, the
property of the Michigan Crematory Association.
This society was organized chiefly through the
efforts of Dr. Hugo Erichsen, on March 31, 1886.
The building, which cost $3,000, was dedicated on

December 10, 1887. The entire property cost
$5,400. Up to June, 1889, nineteen bodies had
been incinerated. The charge for cremating is $25.

BELLEGRADE.

This was the name of a small village laid out in
1836, on the north side of the Rouge, about half a
mile west of Delray. It long ago lost the name
once given to it.

DELRAY.

This locality was settled in 181 8. The village
was recorded in 1856 by Elisha Chase, but much of
the land was originally owned by Augustus I).
Burdeno He had been a soldier in the war with
Mexico, and was one of the first to cross the ram-
parts at the battle of Molina del Ray, and on his
return, in memory of that battle, he provided that
the village should be named Delray. The principal
manufacture is glassware, the Detroit City Glass
Works being here located.

OAKWOOD.

This new village, located on the River Rouge,
and only six miles from Detroit, was laid out in
September, 1889, by Messrs. Peppers & Irvine, who
are also the chief owners of an electric railroad, the
Detroit, River Rouge & Dearborn Railroad Com-
pany, which runs from the western terminus of the
Fort Street & Elmwood Street Railroad to Oak-
wood, and will eventually be extended to Dearborn.
Because of its location, Oakwood has excellent
prospects, and the low price of lots, and the energy
and enterprise of the proprietors, are certain to
result in great advantage to themselves and to those
who become owners in this new and thriving suburb

RIVERSIDE.

This is the name of an extinct locality, platted
into lots in 1867. It was at the foot of Clark Ave-
nue, and is now within the limits of Detroit.

WEST END POSTOFFICE

Is located on the line of the Chicago Road, near
the center of the township. St. Alphonsus's Catho-
lic Church, located near West End, began by the
holding of services in a farm house in i8$o. In
1852 a church building was erected, which cost
$600. The present edifice, on a property of four
acres, was erected in 1874, and cost $6,000. It will
seat 220. Their parochial school was established
in 1 861. Their church was served by the Redemp-
torist Fathers until July, 1858. Since that time the
following priests have had charge: July, 1858, to
May, 1861, Rev. J. Maisejenski ; from 1861 to Sep-
tember, 1873, Rev Ch. Chambille; 1873 to January
14, 1883, Rev. G. Godez. Since 1883 the Capuchin
Fathers have had charge.

I370

SUMPTER TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JOSEPH H. CLIXBY, one of the representa-
tive men of the township of Springwells. was born
in Detroit in 1850, and is the son of Thomas and
Elizabeth (Woodhouse) Clixby. His parents emi-
grated from Lincolnshire, England, to Detroit, in
1849. His mother died in 1886 leaving a family of
nine children. His father engaged in the brick
manufacturing business in 1852, and continued it
for many years. Joseph H., in early life engaged

in stock droving and dealing, and soon added the
manufacture of brick, eventually retiring from deal-
ing in stock. Since 1870 he has engaged exten-
sively in brick making and has also erected several
residences. He employs from forty to sixty men.
He has held the office of Supervisor several terms
and also minor offices of his town. He married
Hattie Abel of Detroit, in 1871. They have two
children, George T., and Mabel A.

SUMPTER TOWNSHIP.

This township was organized out of part of
Huron Township by Law of April 6, 1840. The
first township meeting was held the same day, at
the house of Zenos Seaman. The township in-
cludes all of Town 4, South of Range 8 East. By
a mistake the letter " P " was inserted in the name,
but it was intended to honor the revolutionary hero*
General Thomas Sumter.

The township officers for the several years have
been as follows :

1840. Supervisor, Ira P. Beach; Clerk, Reuben
Merrill ; Treasurer, Henry Anderson ; Justices of
the Peace, for one year, Ira P. Beach, for two years,
Daniel Easton, for three years, D. E. Morey, for
four years, Henry Anderson ; School Inspectors,
Daniel Brooks, Ira P. Beach, Martin H. Ford ;
Collector, George Elwell ; Highway Commissioners,
D E. Morey, Ingraham Elwell Hiram Bird ; Assess-
ors, Havillah Plumb, C. T. Beadle, Daniel Easton ;
Poor Director, David Brooks ; Constables, George
Elwell, Henry Horner.

1841. Supervisor, Ira P. Beach; Clerk, Havillah
Plumb ; Treasurer. Henry Anderson ; Justices of
the Peace, Ira P. Beach, four years, C. T. Beadle,
three years ; Assessors. Hiram Bird, Daniel Easton,
C. T. Beadle; Highway Commissioners, Zenos
Seaman, David Brooks, Ingraham Elwell; School
Inspectors, Reuben Merrill, Enos Easton, C. Rice ;
Collector, George Elwell; Constables, George
Elwelt James Anderson, Henry M. Hosmer, Wm.
V. D. Cook; Overseers of the Poor, A. Fletcher,
Daniel Easton.

1742. Supervisor, Robert Merrill; Clerk, Havil-
lah Plumb ; Treasurer, Henry Anderson ; Justice of
the Peace, Chauncey Rice; Highway Commission-
ers, Augustus Bradshaw, David Brooks. Enos
Easton; School Inspectors, Chauncey Rice. R.
Merrill. M. N. Ford; Poor Directors, Adam Ander-
son, Zenos Seaman ; Constables, James Anderson,

Charles S. Torrey, Wm. V. D. Cook, Jr., Reuben
Merrill.

1843. Supervisor, Martin H. Ford; Clerk, Hav-
illah Plumb ; Treasurer, Daniel Easton ; Justices of
the Peace, for one year, Havillah Plumb, for three
years, Daniel Easton, for four years, Martin H.
Ford; Assessors, C. Rice, Ira P. Beach ; School
Inspectors, for one year, Martin H. Ford, for two
years, Chauncey Rice ; Highway Commissioners,
Jeremiah Hewitt, John V. D. Cook, Enos Easton ;
Poor Directors, Zenos Seaman, David Easton ;
Constables, Wm. V. D. Cook, Jr., Josiah Easton,
M. Anderson, A. Fletcher.

1844. Supervisor, Martin H. Ford; Clerk. Hav-
illah Plumb ; Treasurer, Daniel Easton ; Justice of
the Peace, Joseph Allen ; Highway Commissioners,
Enos Easton, James Anderson, A. Bradshaw ;
School Inspector, Martin H. Ford ; Assessors, R.
Merrill, Ira P. Beach ; Poor Directors, David
Brooks, Zenos Seaman ; Constables, Don C. D.
Brooks. Henry M. Hosmer.

1845. Supervisor, Martin H. Ford ; Clerk, Hav-
illah Plumb ; Treasurer, Daniel Easton ; Justices of
the Peace, Ira P. Beach, Chauncey Rice ; Highway
Commissioners, Zenos Seaman, C. Rice, S. Ben-
nett; Assessor, Chauncey Rice; Poor Directors,
Daniel Beach, Zenos Seaman ; School Inspector
Chauncey Rice; Constables Don C. D. Brooks,
Michael V. D. Cook.

1846. Supervisors, Joseph Allen and Martin H.
Ford, each part of a year ; Clerk, Stephen Bennett ;
Treasurer, Daniel Easton ; Justices of the Peace,
C. T. Beadle, Charles Crandell; Highway Commis-
sioners, Benjamin Elwell, Harris Shea, Matthew
Anderson; Assessors, Martin H. Long, H. Plumb;
School Inspector, Reuben Merrill ; Poor Directors,
A. Fletcher. D. Beach ; Constables, Michael V. D.
Cook. Don C. D. Brooks.

1847. Supervisor, Stephen Bennett; Clerk,

SUMPTER TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1371

Marcus W. Wood ; Treasurer, Daniel Easton ;
Justices of the Peace, Martin Chrysler, H. Plumb ;
School Inspector. Martin H. Ford; Assessors, Ira
P. Beach, M. H. Ford ; Highway Commissioners,
Charles Crandall. for one year, Augustus Brad-
shawfortwo years, D. E. Morey for three years ;
Poor Directors, David Brooks, Zenos Seaman ;
Constables, M. V. D. Cook, D. C. D. Brooks

1848. Supervisor, Stephen Bennett ; Clerk, Hav-
illah Plumb ; Treasurer. Daniel Easton ; Justice of
the Peace. Henry B. Merrell ; Assessors, C. Rice,
C. T. Beadle ; Highway Commissioners, James L.
Bouker, H. Plumb ; School Inspector, Stephen Ben-
nett ; Poor Directors, David Brooks, Wm V. D,
Cook ; Constables, D. C. D. Brooks, H. M. Horner,
Wm. V. D. Cook, Jr., Addison Fletcher.

1849. Supervisor, Martin H. Ford; Clerk, Tim-
othy P. Martin ; Treasurer, Ira P. Beach ; Justice
of the Peace, James Sherman ; Assessors, Daniel
Pierce ; H. 1 lumb ; Highway Commissioners, Har-
ris Shay ; School Inspector, W. P Martin ; Poor
Directors, Daniel Beach, Zenos Seaman ; Con-
stables, H. Merrill, A. Fletcher, M. V. D. Cook, A.
Hosmer.

1850. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Ezra Seaman ; Treasurer, Winslow P. Martin ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Daniel Pierce, John Goff ; As-
sesors, Daniel Pierce, A. Bradshaw ; Highway
Commissioners, Matt Anderson ; School Inspector,
Stephen Bennett ; Poor Directors, J. Horner, D.
Beach ; Constables, Matt. Anderson, A. Brad-
shaw.

1 85 1. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Joseph C. Merrill ; Treasurer, Winslow P. Martin ;
Justices of the Peace, Amos Martin, four years,
Datus E. Morey, two years, Martin H. Ford, one
year ; Highway Commissioners, James Sherman ;
School Inspector, Winslow P. Martin ; Poor Direc-
tors, Ira P. Beech, Stephen Bennett, Reuben Mer-
rell, T. P. Martin ; Constables, Reuben Merrell, E.
G. Marshall, Charles Crandall, A. Bradshaw.

1852. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Joseph C. Merrell ; Treasurer, Winslow P. Martin ;
Justice of the Peace, Ira P. Beech ; Highway Com-
missioners, Harris Shay, Gardner Merrell ; School
Inspector, Martin H. Ford ; Poor Directors, David
Brooks, Daniel Beech ; Constables, John G. Mudge,
Reuben Merrell, J. C. Merrell, L. B. Beach.

1853. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk
Joseph C. Merrell; Treasurer, Winslow P. Martin;
Justices of the Peace, Martin H. Ford, D. E.
Morey; School Inspector, R. Merrell; Highway
Commissioner, Don. C. D. Brooks ; Poor Directors,
M. Chrysler, Elias Disbrow ; Constables, R. Mer-
rell, Samuel Boyer, Wm. V. D. Cook, Jr., Don. C.
n. Brooks.

1854. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin ; Clerk,

Joseph C. Merrell ; Treasurer, Ezra Seaman ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Daniel Pierce, Harris Shay ;
School Inspector, W. P. Martin ; Highway Com-
missioner, Reuben Blakely ; Poor Directors, W. P.
Martin, H. Plumb ; Constables, R Merrill, Hiram
Dolph, Thos. Smith, Charles Cutler.

1855. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Joseph C. Merrell ; Treasurer, Henry Merrell ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Amos Martin, Thomas Smith ;
School Inspector, Martin H. Ford ; Highway Com-
missioners, for three years, Ezra Seaman, for two
years, Daniel Blakely, for one year, Winslow P.
Martin ; Poor Directors, D. E. Morey, Elias Dis-
brow ; Constables Reuben Merrell, Hiram Dolph,
Harris Shay, Paul Westgate.

1856. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Horatio Northrop ; Treasurer, Harvey Merrell ;
Justice of the Peace, Phineas Stevens, Daniel P.
Dye, Martin H. Ford ; School Inspector, Stephen
Bennett ; Highway Commissioner, George D.
Stevens ; Poor Directors, Martin Chrysler, James
Sherman ; Constables, Elisha Pearl, Joseph C. Mer-
rell, Eber Sherman, David W. Brooks.

1857. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Joseph C. Merrell ; Treasurer, Henry Merrell ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, D. E. Morey, Murray Sherman ;
School Inspector, W. P. Martin; Highway Com-
missioner, Daniel Blakely; Poor Directors, Martin
Chrysler, Albert C. Dubois ; Constables, Hiram
Dolph, J. C. Merrell, R. Blakely, Elias Disbrow.

1858. Supervisor, Havillah Plumb; Clerk,
Joseph C. Merrell ; Treasurer, Elias Disbrow ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Robert E. Richards ; School In-
spector, Stephen Bennett ; Highway Commissioners,
Henry Merrell, Perry S. Pearl; Poor Directors,
Elias Disbrow, Martin Chrysler; Constables, Joseph
C. Merrell, E. T. Pearl, Samuel Blakely, Isaac P.
Terry.

1859. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Murray Sherman; Treasurer, Elias Disbrow; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Amos Martin, Peter Lewis, Jr ;
School Inspectors, W. P. Martin, Peter Eaton ;
Highway Commissioner, Horace C. Johnson ; Poor
Directors, Elias Disbrow, T. P. Martin ; Constables,
J. P. Terry, Hiram Randall, Daniel Blakely, Joseph
C. Merrell.

i860 Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Murry Sherman ; Treasurer, Havillah Plumb ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Myron D. Canfield, Niles H.
Bishop; School Inspector, Job Burnap; Highway
Commissioner, David W. Brooks ; Poor Directors,
Martin Chrysler, Job Burnap ; Constables, Hiram
Randall, E. R. Sherman, George J. Chrysler, Elisha
T. Pearl

1861. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Ezra Seaman ; Treasurer, J. C. Merrell ; Justices
of the Peace, Perry D. Pearl, Martin Chrysler ;

^zr^

SUMPTER TOWNSHIP—ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Poor Directors, James D. Grandy, James Sherman;
Constables, Hiram Randall, A. Bradshaw, Elisha T.
Pearl, Leonard Martin.

1862. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Ezra Seaman ; Treasurer, J. C. Merrell ; Justice of
the Peace, Daniel Blakely; School Inspector, Dem-
ster Disbrow ; Highway Commissioner. Charles
Danes; Poor Directors, Geo. J. Chrysler. E. Dis-
brow; Constables, A. Bradshaw, Wm. C. Ayers,
R. Blakely, Chas E. Sherman

1863. Supervisor Murray Sherman ; Clerk, Ezra
Seaman ; Treasurer, J. C. Merrell ; Justice of the
Peace, Timothy P. Martin ; School Inspectors,
Caleb Eaton, Clinton Cook; Highway Commis-
sioner, Daniel Freeman; Poor Directors, John
Eaton, J. Thurston ; Constables, H. Simmons, J.
C. Merrell, I. P. Terry, Charles B. Rogers.

1864 Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Murray Sherman ; Treasurer, Reuben Blakely; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Perry D. Pearl; School In-
spectors, W. P. Martin, J. C. Merrell ; Highway
Commissioner, Job Burnap ; Poor Directors, Har-
ris Shay, Thomas Outhwaite; Constables, Amos
Martin, Wm. Hamilton, Levi Clark, Robert Smith.

1865. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Murray Sherman, Treasurer, Reuben Blakely; Jus-
tices of the Peace, Martin Chrysler, Peter Lewis,
Jr ; School Inspector, Job Burnap; Highway Com-
missioner, Egbert K. Sherman ; Poor Directors,
Elias Disbrow, Palmer B. Richards; Constables,
R. Blakely, John Ferry. D. W. Brooks, Stephen
Randall.

1866. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Murray Sherman ; Treasurer, Reuben Blakely; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Job Burnap ; School Inspector,
W. P. Martin ; Highway Commissioner, Amos
Martin; Poor Directors, Geo J. Chrysler, Chas. E.
Sherman ; Constables, James K. Lewis T. M.
Sherman, J. P. Terry, Wm, Worthy.

1 867. Supervisor, 1 imothy P Martin; Clerk, Mur-
ray Sherman; Treasurer, W. P. Martin; Justice of the
Peace, George W. Hicks ; School Inspector, John
W. Henry ; Highway Commissioner, Peter Lewis,
Jr.; Poor Directors, T. P. Martin, Geo. J. Chrys-
ler; Constables, Chas. Martin, H. Blakely, Thomas
M. Sherman, Albert Hosmer.

1868. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Clinton Cook ; Treasurer, Havillah Plumb ; Justice
of the Peace, Charles B. Curtiss ; School Inspect-
ors, W. P. Martin, Geo. Burnap; Highway Com-
missioner, Egbert R. Sherman; Poor Directors,
T. P. Martin. H. Northrup ; Constables Thos M.
Sherman, Thomas Spence, Jr, Chas. E. Miller,
Reuben Blakely.

1869. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Joseph C. Merrell ; Treasurer, George M. Henry ;
Justice of the Peace, Amos Martin ; School In-

spector, Job Burnap; Highway Commissioners,
Abner J. Henry, D. E. Morey ; Poor Directors,
Reuben Blakely. Hiram Bird ; Constables, E. W.
Anderson P. O. Closser, Wm. Adair, R. Merrell.

1870. Supervisor, Amos Martin; Clerk. Joseph
C. Merrell ; Treasurer, Geo. M. Henry ; Justice of
the Peace, Emmit E. Ryan ; School Inspector,
W. P. Martin; Highway Commissioner, Hiram
Dolph ; Poor Directors, T. P. Martin, M. Chrysler ;
Constables, R. Merrell, E W. Anderson, Wm.
Adair, Amos Martin, 2nd.

1 87 1. Supervisor, Wellington Ellis; Clerk,
Romeyn Van Wormer ; Treasurer, Joseph C. Mer-
rell ; Justice of the Peace, Alanson Chaffin ;
School Inspector, John W. Henry ; Highway Com-
missioner, Martin Chrysler; Drain Commissioner,
T. P. Martin ; Poor Directors, T. P. Martin, Geo.
W. Heath ; Constables, Leroy Russ, Thomas
Spence, E. W. Anderson, J. L Sherman.

J 872. Supervisor, Wellington Ellis ; Clerk, Em-
met E. Ryan ; Treasurer, Romeyn Van Wormer ;
Justice of the Peace, George W. Foster; Highway
Commissioners, Benjamin Brundage, Rialto Gif-
ford ; School Inspectors, Joseph Dickson, E. T.
Pearl ; Drain Commissioner, Harris G. Smith ;
Constables, Charles Vananthrop, G. W^ Foster;
Robert Spence, E. Bennett.

1873 Supervisor, Wellington Ellis; Clerk,
Joseph C. Merrell ; Treasurer, Hiram Randall ;
Justices of the Peace, Perry D. Pearl ; T. P.
Martin ; School Inspector, E. T. Pearl ; Highway
Commissioners, Hiram Dolph, Charles Danes ;
Drain Commissioner, T. P. Martin ; Poor Direct-
ors, John Renton, Thos Wallace ; Constables, Jos.
K. Tuttle, Robert Spence, E. A. Bennett D. W.
Samson.

1874. Supervisor, Wellington Ellis ; Clerk, Henry
J. Atyeo ; Treasurer, Hiram Randall ; Justices of
the Peace, Elias T. Ingersoll, Horace G. Smith ;

^ School Inspector, Homer Bradshaw ; Highway
Commissioner, T P. Martin ; Poor Directors, H.
Johnson, R, Spence; Constables, Charles Freeman,
E. A. Bennett, Robert Spence, Albert Seaman.

1875. Supervisor, Elias T. Ingersoll ; Clerk, Chas.
L. Freeman ; Treasurer, W. W. Northrup ; Justice
of the Peace, Horace G. Smith ; School Inspector,
John Wallace ; Superintendent of Schools, Isaac
McGinnis ; Highway Commissioner, Chas. Danes ;
Drain Commissioner, Perry D. Pearl ; Constables,
Howard Hauer, T. M Sherman, D. W. Sampson,
Francis Spink.

1876. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk.
Charles Merrell ; Treasurer, Hiram Randall ; Justice
of the Peace. George W. Hicks ; Highway Com-
missioner, James H Atyeo ; Drain Commissioner,
Wm. C. Curtis ; Superintendent of Schools, E. T.
Ingersoll; School Inspector, William Danes; Con-

SUMPTER TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1373

Stables, T. M. Sherman, John Renton. D. W. Samp-
son, Charles Miller.

1877. Supervisor, Timothy P. Martin; Clerk,
Charles Merrell ; Treasurer, Hiram Randall ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, George W Foster, Wm. Gulick ;
Highway Commissioner, James H. Atyeo; School
Inspector, E. T. Ingersoll ; Superintendent of
Schools, Wm. S. Danes ; Constable, S. Rounsifer,
Hiram Blakely, Joseph E. Wells, Jr., A. Gibson.

1878. Supervisor, Joseph C. Merrell; Clerk,
Wm. S. Danes; Treasurer, James H. Atyeo; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Benj. Brundage ; Superintendent
of Schools, Maynard Spink; School Inspector, E.
T. Pearl ; Highway Commissioner, W. W. Northrup;
Drain Commissioner, Romeyn Van Wormer ; Con-
stable, Saxton Savage, John Renton, John C. Dun-
ham, E. A Bennett.

1879. Supervisor, Elias T. Ingersoll ; Clerk, Wm.
S. Danes; Treasurer, James H. Atyeo; Justice of
the Peace. T. P. Martin ; Highway Commissioner,
David F. Barrett ; Drain Commissioner, Thomas
Jackson ; Superintendent of Schools. Wm A. Atyeo;
School Inspector, R. M. Richards; Constables, R.
Spence, Theo. Sherman, P. D. Pearl, Jr , S. Brun-
dage.

1 880. Supervisor, Elias T. Ingersoll ; Clerk,
Charles Merrell ; Treasurer, Romeyn Van Wormer ;
Justice of the Peace, M. W. Chrysler; Drain Com-
missioner, Asa Rounsifer ; Highway Commissioner,
C. E. Dickerson ; Superintendent of Schools, Horatio
Smith ; School Inspector, E. T. Pearl ; Constable,
R Spence, A. Whitacre, Joseph Rowe, Chas. Rowe.

1 88 1. Supervisor. Chas. Merrell ; Clerk, Arthur
V. Jones ; Treasurer, Geo. W. Freeman ; Highway
Commissioner, R. Merrell; Justices of the Peace,
David Russell, E. T. Ingersoll ; Drain Commis-
sioner, Solomon Faust ; School Inspector, E. T.
Pearl ; Superintendent of Schools, Wm A. Atyeo ;
Constables, Joseph Rowe, Thad. J. Sherman, Jacob
Ruberts, Robert Terry.

1882. Supervisor, Charles Merrell ; Clerk, Arthur
V. Jones ; Treasurer, Geo. W. Freeman ; Justice of
the Peace, Joseph C. Merrell ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Reuben Merrell; Drain Commissioner, Geo.
Dunbar; School Inspectors, Oliver C. Atyeo, Avery
Whitacre; Constables, Chas. A. Rowe, Joseph H.
Rowe, Robert Terry, Charles C. Mcintosh.

1883. Supervisor, Charles Merrell; Clerk, Geo.
W. Freeman ; Treasurer, Saxton Savage ; Justice
of the Peace, E. T. Ingersoll ; Highway Commis-
rioner, Rialto Gifford ; School Inspector, Daniel
Jewell ; Constables, Wm. Van Fleet, Robt. Terry,
F. L. Hayden. Delos Pearl.

1884. Supervisor, Charles Merrell; Clerk, Wm.
A. Atyeo ; Treasurer, Saxton Savage ; Justice of
the Peace, E. C Sherman ; School Inspectors, O. C.
Atyeo, J. C. Merrell ; Highway Commissioner, Rialto

GifTord ; Drain Commissioner, Wm. Johnson ; Con-
stables, Frank Hayden, George Wilson, J. K. Tuttle,
George Rounsifer.

1885. Supervisor, Charles Merrell; Clerk, Wm.
A. Atyeo; Treasurer, Wilbur B. Sherman ; Justice
of the Peace, David Russell ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Romeyn Van Wormer; School Inspector,
J. C. Merrell ; Constables, Theodore Tuttle, Nathan
Hagadorn, Newton Hosmer, Joseph Rowe.

1886. Supervisor, Charles Merrell ; Clerk, Elias
T. Ingersoll ; Treasurer, W. B. Sherman ; 3chool
Inspector, O. C. Atyeo ; Justice of the Peace, J. C.
Merrell ; Highway Commissioner, Levi Clark ; Drain
Commissioner, George Dunbar; Constables, J. H.
Rowe, C. G. Gay, n! E. Freeman, E. B. Richards.

1887. Supervisor, Arthur V. Jones; Clerk.
Leander Merrell ; Treasurer, W. W. Northrup; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Asa Rounsifer ; Highway Com-
missioner, Edward Caldwell; School Inspector,
Stephen Pearl ; Constables, Wm. Van Fleet, John
J. Hagadorn, H. H. Beebe, Chas. F. Gay.

1888. Supervisor, Wm. Atyeo; Clerk, Dewitt
C. Dickerson ; Treasurer, Augustus Van Wormer ;
Justices of the Peace, Geo. Clayton, Levi Clark;
Highway Commissioner, Adam Anderson; Drain
Commissioner, E. T. Pearl ; School Inspector, O.
C. Atyeo ; Constables. Chas. Clayton, Norman
Freeman, Chas. G. Gay, John Zibell.

1889. Supervisor, Wm. A. Atyeo; Clerk.
Leander Merrell ; Treasurer, A. Van Wormer ;
Justices of the Peace, W. B. Sherman, C. E. Dick-
erson ; School Inspector, D. Pearl ; Highway Com-
missioner, G. Dunbar.

1890. Supervisor, W. A. Atyeo; Clerk, D.
O'Brien ; Treasurer, W. B. Sherman; Highway Com-
missioner, Rialto Gifford ; Drain Commissioner,
G. Dunbar; School Inspector, D. Jewell; Justices
of the Peace, A. Rounsifer, G. Clayton, P. D. Pearl,
J. M. Wheaton ; Board of Review, C. D. John,
Chas. Yost ; Constables, M. Manor, L. Caldwell,
F. C. Johnson, C. G. Gay.

The town hall, completed in December, 1873, is
a frame building costing $600, and is located near
the center of the township on the southwest
quarter of Section 15. The only cemetery in the
township is partly on Section 2 and 11, about a
mile and a half north and east of Martinsville. It
was opened to the public in 1865 Cranberry
Creek, a branch of Swan Creek, runs through sev-
eral sections of the township, the name being evi-
dently given because of the cranberries that grew
along its banks.

The population of the township in 1850 was 434;
in i860, 736; in 1870, 1,106 and in 1880, 1,445.
The valuation in 1850 was $31, 146; in i860, $73,-
763; in 1870, $109,054; in 1880, $430,94r.

In 1888 there were five school districts, with two

1374

TAYLOR TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

brick and five frame houses valued at $3,700, and
seating 467 pupils, with an enrollment of 471, and
an average daily attendance of 318. Two male
and eight female teachers were employed, and the
district libraries contained 1,822 volumes.

MARTINSVILLE.

This is a small village of perhaps 200 people,
and is named after Timothy P. Martin, who owns
land near by. There is a Wesleyan Methodist So-
ciety here organized by Rev. G. Fairchild in 1852.
They originally had eight members, and in 1888
had thirty-five. The ministers have been as fol-
lows: G. Fairchild, 1852; A. Cassidy, 1853; G.
Fairchild, 1854; N. Swift, 1855; E. Darling, 1856-
1858; L. Squire, 1858; R. H. Ross, 1859; L.
Squire, 1860-1862; I. B. Jones, 1862 ;'g. A. Olm-
stead, 1863; L. Magee, 1864; E. Bibbins, 1865-
1868; W. P. Martin, 1868-1871 : I. Martin, 1871-
1874; A. N. Hudson, 1874-1876; W. H Ross,
1876-1878; A. Johnson. 1878-1881; H. D. Cheeney,'
1881-1884; D. D. Martin, 1884-1886; H. a!
Decker, from 1886.

SMITHVILLE

Was the name of a small hamlet, the plat of which
was recorded by Orrin and Geo. W. Smith on
September 3, 1866. The village, if any ever ex-
isted, has disappeared.

WEST SUMPTER

Is a station on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pa-
cific Railway. It has a steam saw-mill.

The first Methodist Church of this place was or-
ganized in 1866. Their church was dedicated
August 3, 1885, the lot cost $25 and the building
$1,500. It will seat 250. The pastors have been as fol-
lows : W. M. Triggs. 1866-1868; E. Bibbins, 1869-
1 871; D. Shier, 1872; J E. Diverty and Pearson.
1873 ; S. J. Brown, 1874; E. P. Pierce, 1875--1877;
J. B. Russell. 1878; A. R. Laing, 1879-1880; O.
F. W^inton, 1881-1882; J. Robbins, 1883; J.
Wright, 1884-1885; A. Ebling, 1886-1887; R. L.
Henson, 1888.

TAYLOR TOWNSHIP.

This township was created out of Ecorce, on
April I, 1847. The first meeting was held on Mon-
day, April 5, 1847, at the house of Richard Sutliff.
It was named Taylor, in honor of General Zachary
Taylor. It is crossed by the Wabash, St. Louis &
Pacific Railway, and includes the western two
thirds of Town 3. South of Range 10 East. At the
first township election forty-four votes were polled.
The township officers elected in various years have
been as follows :

1847. Supervisor, Jared Sexton ; Clerk, Charles
Steward; Treasurer, Wm. W. Fletcher; Justices of
the Peace, Jared Sexton, Willard N. Steward;
Highway Commissioners, Wm. Sutliff, one year ;
Hiram H. Stone, two years, Wm Shipman, three
years ; School Inspectors, James F. Silverwood,
one year, Chandler Wells, two years ; Constables
Chandler Wells, O. R. Robbins ; Overseers of the
Poor, Samuel Brass, J osiah Johnson

1848. Supervisor, Jared Sexton ; Clerk, Charles
Steward; Treasurer Josiah Johnson ; Justice of the
Peace, O. R. Robbins ; Highway Commissioner, W.
N. Steward; School Inspector ; James F. Silver-
wood; Poor Directors, James W. Clark, Samuel
Brass; Constables, Charles Strong, Edward As-
penwall.

1849. Supervisor, Peter Coan ; Clerk, Jared
Sexton; Treasurer, David C. Kelley; Justice of the

Peace, Peter Coan ; Highway Commissioner, Wm.
Sutliff; School Inspector, David C. Kelley; Poor
Directors, J. W. Clark, Samuel Brass ; Constables,
Philetus Pullen, Hiram Aspenwall.

1850. Supervisor, Peter Coan ; Clerk, Jared Sex-
ton ; Treasurer, David C Kelley; Justice of the
Peace, Willard N. Steward; Highway Commis-
sioner, O. R. Robbins ; School Inspectors, Charles
Steward, James Evans ; Poor Directors, James W.
Clark, Josiah Johnson ; Constables, Elias Douglass,
E. W. Coan Abel Aspenwall, Henry H. Tucker.

1 85 1. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, Jared
Sexton ; Treasurer, Philetus Pullen ; Justice of the
Peace, Martin Vrooman ; Highway Commissioner,
J. Moat; School Inspector, B. F. Brainard ; Con-
stables, Elias Douglass, James Petty.

1852. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk. Jared
Sexton ; Treasurer, P. S. Pullen ; Justice of the
Peace, O. R. Robbins; Highway Commissioner. Wm.
Sutliff ; School Inspectors, Charles Steward, James
Evans; Poor Directors, Josiah Johnson, Samuel
Brass ; Constables, P. S. Pullen, James Pattee.

1853. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, Jared
Sexton ; Treasurer, P. S. Pullen ; Justice of the
Peace, Peter Coan ; Highway Commissioner, David
C. Kelley ; School Inspector, James Evans ; Poor
Directors, Josiah Johnson, Samuel Brass ; Con-
stables, P. S. Pullen, E. W. Coan.

TAYLOR TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1375

1854. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, Jared
Sexton ; Treasurer, Willard N. Steward ; Justices
of the Peace, Willard N Steward, David C. Kelley;
Highway Commissioner, James Evans; School In-
spector, Charles Steward ; Poor Directors, Samuel
Brass, Josiah Johnson ; Constables, E. Coan, A.
Hartwell

1855. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, Wm.
Slack ; Treasurer, W. Steward ; Justice of the Peace,
J. F. Silverwood ; Highway Commissioner, Wm.
Sutliff; School Inspector, W. Steward; Poor Di-
rectors, J. Townsend, Samuel Brass ; Constables,
N. Joslin, E. Coan.

1856 Supervisor, Charles Steward; Clerk,
William S. Locke ; Treasurer, John H. Wells ; Jus-
tices of the Peace, E. Aspenwall, W. Steward ;
School Inspector, Chas. Steward ; Highway Com-
missioner, E. Douglass ; Poor Directors, James F.
Silverwood ; Constables, E. W. Coan, A." Hart-
well.

1857. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, Wm.
S. Locke ; Treasurer, John H. Wells ; Highway
Commissioner, W. N. Steward ; Justices of the Peace,
James Evans, P. Coan;. School Inspector, James
Evans ; Poor Directors, P. Coan, E. Aspinwall ;
Constables, E. W. Coan, M H. Coan.

1858 Supervisor, Chas. Steward; Clerk, James
F. Silverwood ; Treasurer, G. C. Pitman ; Justices
of the Peace, W. N. Steward, Chandler Wells;
School Inspector, Chas. Steward; Highway Com-
missioners, P. Coan, D. C. Kelley ; Poor Directors,
E. Aspenwall, J. G. Townsend ; Constables, E. W.
Coan; Jason Jackson, A. L. Reynolds.

1859. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, Wm.
S. Locke ; Treasurer, G. C. Putnam ; Justice of the
Peace. Chandler Wells; Highway Commissioner,
Wm. Sutliff ; School Inspector, A. Sexton ; Poor
Directors, Samuel Brass, J. G. Townsend ; Con-
stables, E. W. Coan, J. H. Douglass, S H. Joslin,
Truman Brass.

i£6o. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, Wm.
S. Locke; Treasurer, Wm. Sutliff; Justice of the
Peace, Edward Aspinwall; Highway Commis-
sioner, G. C. Putnam; School Inspector, Chas
Steward ; Poor Directors, J. G. Townsend, Samuel
Brass ; Constables, M. Brass, E. W. Coan, E. Shel-
don, F. Eastw^ood.

1 86 1. Supervisor, Charles Steward; Clerk, Ed-
ward Aspinwall; Treasurer, Wm. Sutliff; Justices
of the Peace, James Evans, Peter Coan; School
Inspector, James Evans ; Highway Commissioner,
J. B. Smith ; Poor Directors, Chandler Wells, Abel
Prouty; Constables, Wm. F. Prouty, Wm. N.
Perry, I. M. Eastwood, J. W. Holmes.

1862. Supervisor, Charles Steward; Clerk, Ed-
ward Aspinwall ; Treasurer, John McPherson ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Peter Coan; Highway Commis-

sioner. Wm. Sutliff; School Inspector, Charles
Steward ; Poor Directors, Peter Coan, Wm. K.
Silcox; Constables, E. Sheldon, Wm. N. Perry, H.
H. Tucker, M. Brass.

1863. Supervisor, Charles Steward ; Clerk, J. A.
Sexton ; Treasurer, John McPherson ; Justice of the
Peace, G. C. Putnam ; Highway Commissioner, G.
C. Putnam ; School Inspector, James Evans ; Poor
Directors, Peter Coan ; J. G. Townsend ; Con-
stables, E. Sheldon, Wm F. Prouty.

1 864. Supervisor, Garret C. Putnam ; Clerk,
Jared A. Sexton; Treasurer, Wm Sutliff; Justice
of the Peace, E. Aspinwall; Highway Commis-
sioner, J. B. Smith ; School Inspector, Henry Mc-
Mullen ; Poor Directors, J. G. Townsend, Samuel
Brass ; Constables, E. Holton, A. P. Rhodes, F. M.
Eastwood, E. W. Coan.

1865. Supervisor, James Evans; Clerk, J. A.
Sexton ; Treasurer. Wm. Sutliff ; Justice of the
Peace, James Evans; Highway Commissioner,
Wm. Sutliff ; School Inspector, James Evans ; Poor
Directors, E. Sheldon, J. G. Townse^id ; Constables,
E. Sheldon, Victor Smith, F. M. Eastwood, E.
Holton.

1866. Supervisor, James Evans; Clerk, Jared
A. Sexton; Treasurer, J. B. Smith ; Justice of the
Peace, Peter D. Coan ; Highway Commissioner, G.
C. Putnam; School Inspector, N. B. Steward, Poor
Directors E. W. Coan, E. Sheldon ; Constables, T.
Brass, E. Sheldon, E. Holton, Wm. N. Perry.

1867. Supervisor, James Evans; Clerk, Burritt
Sutliff; Treasurer, J . B. Smith; Justice of the
Peace, Henry Wigand ; School Inspector, E. As-
pinwall ; Highway Commissioner, A. Strong, Jr.;
Poor Directors, Wm. W. Fletcher, F. Hagamaster ;
Constables, W. James Sutliff, George Coan, James
Holton, L. Spring.

1868. Supervisor, James Evans; Clerk, Burrett
Sutliff ; Treasurer, George W. Beadleston ; Justice
of the Peace, John A. Vrooman; Highway Com-
missioner, S. B. Toppens ; School Inspector, John
A. Vrooman ; Poor Directors, W. W. Fletcher, E.
Sheldon ; Constables George Coan, E. Sheldon, S.
Rudduck, P. Boltz.

1-869. Supervisor James Evans ; Clerk, Wm. S.
Locke; Treasurer, S. B, Toppens; Justice of the
Peace, James Evans ; Highway Commissioner, Wm.
Steinhouse; School Inspector, George P. Coan;
Poor Directors, W. W. Fletcher, E. Sheldon;
Constables, James Sutliff, E. Sheldon, George P.
Coan, James Adams.

1870. Supervisor, James Evans; Clerk, John J.
Vrooman : Treasurer, N. B. Steward ; Justice of the
Peace P. D. Coan ; Highway Commissioner, Wm.
Sutliff; School Inspector, N. B. Steward; Poor
Directors, W. W. Fletcher, E. Sheldon; Constables,
G. P Coan, James Adams E. Sheldon, R. Brighton.

1376

TAYLOR TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1 87 1. Supervisor, John A. Vrooman ; Clerk,
Russell W. Fletcher ; Treasurer, Francis G. Hen-
dricks ; Justice of the Peace. Henry Wegand ;
Highway Commissioner, Robert Brighton ; School
Inspector, George Coan ; Poor Directors, Wm. W.

» Fletcher, E. Sheldon ; Constables E. Sheldon, D.
Prank, George E Moore. James Adams.

1872. Supervisor, James Evans; Clerk, Russell
W. Fletcher ; Treasurer, John J. Vrooman ; Justice
of the Peace, John McPherson ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Henry McMillan ; Drain Commissioner,
George P. Coan; School Inspector, N. B. Steward;
Poor Directors, W. W. Fletcher, E. Sheldon ; Con-
stables, James Adams, Charles Reidle John Rachs,
E Sheldon.

1 873. Supervisor, John J. Vrooman ; Clerk; John
A. Vrooman ; Treasurer, Carl Eggebrecht ; Justice
of the Peace, Wm. Galladay ; Highway Commis-
sioners Wm Sutliff, D. G. Prouty ; Drain Commis-
sioner, W. N. Steward ; School Inspector, John J.
Vrooman ; Poor Directors, W. W. Fletcher, Henry
Fritz; Constables, Peter Schlof, Joseph Boltz,
Christian Stephenson.

1874. Supervisor, John J. Vrooman; Clerk,
Peter Boltz ; Treasurer, Carl Eggebrecht ; Justice
of the Peace, Peter Coan ; G. C. Putnam ; Highway
Commissioner, V, M. Smith; School Inspector,
Frederick Rocho ; Drain Commissioner, N. C.
Lamb ; Poor Directors, J. G. Townsend, Wm.
Schroeder; Constables, John Brast, Jr., Isaac A.
Kaus C. Stephenson, J. Boltz.

1875. Supervisor, John J, Vrooman; Clerk,
Wm. S. Locke ; Treasurer, Henry Fritz ; Justice of
the Peace, James Evans ; Highway Commissioner,
Wm. Sutliff ; Supt. of Schools, G. C. Putnam ;
Drain Commissioner, V. M. Smith; School In-
spector, John J. Vrooman ; Constables, John Boltz,
V. M. Smith, John Brast, Jr., P. Schloff.

1876. Supervisor, John J. Vrooman; Clerk,
Richard H. Sutliff ; Treasurer, Henry Fritz; Justice
of the Peace, V. M. Smith ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Wm. Sutliff ; Superintendent of Schools, G.
C. Putnam ; Drain Commissioner, Fred. Racho ;
School Inspector, John J. Vrooman; Constables, J.
Boltz, J. Brast, Jr., P. Schloff, C. Crowley, Jr.

1877. Supervisor, John J. Vrooman ; Clerk, John
A. Vrooman ; Treasurer, Henry Fritz ; Justice of
the Peace, G. C. Putnam : Highway Commissioner,
Wm. Sutliff; Superintendent of Schools, G. C.
Putnam ; Drain Commissioner, Peter Schloff ;
School Inspector, John J. Vrooman ; Constable, P.
Boltz, John Brast, Jr., P. Schloff, L. Sutliff.

1878. Supervisor. Peter Boltz ; Clerk, William S.
Lock ; Treasurer, Frederick Schumann ; Justice of
the Peace, Peter Schloff ; Highway Commissioner,
Henry Fritz; Superintendent of Schools, N. B.
Steward ; School Inspector. C. Crowley, Jr. ; Drain

Commissioner, H. W. Akaus ; Constables, F. Nicho-
las, George Boltz, James Adams, L. Sheldon.

1879. Supervisor, Peter Boltz ; Clerk, William S.
Locke ; Treasurer, Fred. A. Schumann ; Justices of
the Peace, George P. Coan, Carl Eggebrecht ; Su-
perintendent of Schools, Henry McMullen ; School
Inspector, George Brighton ; Highway Commis-
sioner, F. Sutliff; Constables, Henry Fritz, L. Shel-
don, George Brighton, Frank Threadgold.

1 880. Supervisor. George P. Coan ; Clerk, Joseph
J. Murphy ; Treasurer, Wm. H. Hanks ; Justice of
the Peace, Peter Schloff ; Superintendent of Schools,
S. B. Lappens ; Drain Commissioner, William Mc-
Mullen ; School Inspector, P. Fletcher ; Highway
Commissioner, Henry Fritz ; Constables, Randolph
Gradon, John Brast, P. Bondi, Warren Trowbridge.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Peter Boltz; Clerk, Adolph
Koester; Treasurer, Wm. L. Prouty; Justice of
the Peace, G. C. Putnam ; Highway Commissioner,
Henry Fritz ; Superintendent of Schools, G. C.
Putnam; School Inspector, P. Fletcher; Drain
Commissioner, Carl Eggebrecht ; Constables, John
Tive, Henry Wigand, Chas. Kreuger, Amanzer
Sickmonds.

1882. Supervisor, Peter Boltz; Clerk, Adolph
Koester ; Treasurer, Joseph Miller ; Justice of the
Peace, Randolph Graden ; Highway Commissioner,
Peter Schloff ; School Inspectors, John McMullen,
J. P. Fletcher ; Drain Commissioner, Henry Fritz ;
Constables. John Ruehle, H. Theise, John E. Sell,
Fred Erke.

1883. Supervisor, Frederick A. Schumann; Clerk,
John Crowley ; Treasurer, Joseph Miller ; Justice
of the Peace, Wm. J Sutliff; S. B. Lappens;
Highway Commissioner, Peter Schloff ; School In-
spector, C. Crowley; Constables, H. Theise, W.
Trowbridge, John Reuhle, J. Bragenzer.

1884. Supervisor, Randolph Graden; Clerk,
John Crowley; Treasurer, Chas. H. Purdy ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Geo. P. Coan ; Highway Com-
missioner, Joseph Miller; Drain Commissioner,
Seymour Putnam ; School Inspector, Wm. Doran ;
Constables, W. Trowbridge, Fred Kottkofski,
George Smith, J. Bondi.

1885. Supervisor, Randolph Graden; Clerk,
John Crowley; Treasurer, C. H. Purdy; Justice of
the Peace, Wm. Locke ; Highway Commissioner,
Warren Trowbridge ; School Inspector, John Mc-
Mullen; Constables, John Sidgust, T. Theise, G.
Kercherage, L. Healins.

1886. Supervisor, Frederick A. Schumann;
Clerk, Wm S. Locke; Treasurer, Joseph Mil-
ler ; Justice of the Peace, Peter Schloff ; High-
way Commissioner, Henry Fritz ; Drain Commis-
sioner, John McMullen ; School Inspector, Wm. H.
Hanks; Constables, John Keuhl, Jr., A. Smith, H.
Theise, Henry Knapp.

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1377

1887 Supervisor, Frederick A.- Schuman ;
Clerk, Wm. S Locke; Treasurer. Joseph Miller;
Justices of the Peace, Frederick Walden, S. B. Lap-
pens ; Highway Commissioner, Henry Fritz ;
School Inspector, James McMullen ; Constables,
Henry Theise, Lewis Helms, A. Schultz, R. Puskie.

1888. Supervisor, Squire B. Lappens ; Clerk,
Lewis Helms ; Treasurer, John E. Sell ; Justice of
the Peace, Martin A. Coan; Highway Commis-
sioner, Henry Fritz; Drain Commissioner, R. H.
Sutliff; School Inspector, Aaron Strong; Consta-
bles, Hermann Hildebrandt, Peter Theise, Jos.
Fleihaus, Henry Long.

1889. Supervisor, Squire B. Lappins; Clerk,
Louis Helms; Treasurer, John E. Sell; Justice of
the Peace, Wm. Locke ; Highway Commissioner,
Wm. Sutliff; School Inspector, J. McMullen; Con-
stables H. Hildebrandt, H.Fritz.

1890. Supervisor, S. B. Lappins; Clerk,' L. F.
Helms ; Treasurer, J. McMullen ; Board of Review,
W. L. Locke, J. McPherson ; Justice of the Peace,
F. Walden; Highway Commissioner, J. Crowley;
School Inspector, Wm. Locke ; Drain Commis-
sioner, J, E. Sell; Constable, H. Hildebrandt. H.
Fritz.

Schools,

In 1888 there were six school districts, besides
one fractional district, and eight teachers were em-
ployed. The reports showed 416 children in the
districts, of whom 260 attended school during the
year. The total seating capacity of the schools
was 295, and the school property was valued at
$2,200.

The population in 1850 was 303; in i860, 567;
in 1 870, 867 ; in 1 880, 1,161. The valuation in 1850
was $24,083; in i860, $66,253; i^^ 1870, $114,410;
in 1880, $334,999-

HAND.

A small station on the Wabash, St. Louis &

Pacific Railroad, is named after Judge Geo. E.
Hand, of Detroit, who owned a quantity of land
near by.

TAYLOR CENTRE.

This is a post office and small settlement. The
town hall located here was completed in 1863, and
cost $200. There are two Lutheran churches here.
The Evangelical Lutheran St. Paul's Church was
organized in 1883, and the next year they erected a
church building, which was dedicated on May 4.
1884. It will seat 225, and cost $1,400. The so-
ciety began with twenty-five members, and now has
sixty-seven. The pastors have been as follows : Rev.
G. Fetzer, 1883; Rev. Julius Schum, 1884; Rev.
H. Ludwig, 1885 to 1887 ; Rev. H. Schaarschmidt,
June 1887 to .

WEST MOUND.

There is a Methodist Episcopal Church tiere
which had its beginnings in a class organized in
1833. The church society was organized August
2, 1879. A church lot and ground for a cemetery,
located on Section 33 was donated by M. A. Coan.

Their church building was dedicated February 5,
1882, will seat 200, and is worth $2,000. The so-
ciety is connected with the New Boston charge,
and the following have served as pastors: 1840-
1841, John Gray and Wm. Taylor ; 1845, Jonathan
Blanchard and Wm. H. Haze; 1848, Robert
Bird; 1 849- 18 50, J. S. Smart; 1851-1852, Isaac C.
Abbott; 1853, B. F. Doughty; 1856-1857, J. J.
Smith; 1859-1860, J. J. Gridley; 1861-1862, T.
Wakelin; 1863, V. C. Crane; 1864, John Wilson;
1865, Richard McConnel; 1867, — Noyes; 1869,
B. Ross; 1870-1871, J. G. Morgan; 1872-1873,
Thos. Nichols ; 1875, Samuel Bibbins ; 1876 -1877,
Jas. H. Morton; 1 878-1879, Almon F.Hoyt; 1880-

1881, Caster; 1882, Wm. Pierce ; 1883-1884.

J. G. Goodson; 1885-1887, F. E. Pearce ; 1888,
James S. Rose.

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP.

This township was formed out of Huron by a
Law taking effect on April 6, 1835. The first
township meeting was held on the first Monday of
April, at the school house between the dwelHngs of
Abraham Soop and Scot Vining. The township
includes all of Town 3, South of Range 8 East, and
is crossed by the Huron river, and by the Wabash,
St Louis & Pacific, and the Michigan Central Rail-
roads.

The township officers elected in the various years

have been as follows: The records should begin with
1 835, but there are none for that year.

1836. Supervisor, Ebenezer C. Eaton; Clerk,
Job Smith ; Treasurer, Alexander Buchanan ; As-
sessors, Arba Ash, John M. Hiller, James C.
Vaughn ; School Commissioners, John Buchanan,
Waterman Convis. Miner Savage ; School Inspec-
tors, David Fell, Harvey Douglass, Eli Bradshaw ;
Highway Commissioners, Benjamin Brearley, Isaac
Otis, Daniel Douglass ; Overseer of the Poor,

1378

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

James Mcintosh ; Collector, Amos Bradshaw ;
Constables, Amos Bradshaw, David Fell, John M.
Hiller, Adolphus Dalrymple ; Justices of the Peace,
Job Smith, one year, Eli Bradshaw. two years, W.
W. Maxon, three years, Ebenezer C. Eaton, four
years.

No records can be found for 1837.

1838. Supervisor, Ebenezer C. Eaton; Clerk,
Eli Bradshaw; Assessors, Job Smith, Josiah Burt,
Henry Post ; Justice of the Peace, Eli Bradshaw ;
School Inspectors, David Fell, Eli Bradshaw, Job
Smith ; Treasurer, Simeon A. Dunn ; Overseer of
the Poor, James Mcintosh ; Collector, Charles S.
Stanley ; Constables, Chas. D. Stanley, John M.
Hiller, Stephen Randolph, Ephraim A. Shaw.

1839. Supervisor, Job Smith; Clerk, Eli Brad-
shaw ; Treasurer, Adolphus Dalrymple ; Collector,
Amos Bradshaw ; Assessors, Josiah Burt, Thomas
W. McKee. Henry C. Post; School Inspectors, Eli
Bradshaw, Job Smith, Daniel Fell ; Directors of
the Poor, Joseph Warner, Jr, Hiram Millspaugh ;
Highway Commissioners, Benjamin Brearley, A.
Soop, Henry Frain ; Qonstables, Amos Bradshaw,
William Warner, Cornelius Post, Charles W. Clark.

1840. Supervisor, James C. Vaughn; Clerk,
Eli Bradshaw ; Treasurer, Adolphus Dalrymple ;
Justice of the Peace, Ebenezer C. Eaton ; School
Inspectors, Eli Bradshaw, David Fell, Charles S.
Stanley; Highway Commissioners, Benjamin
Brearley, Hiram Millspaugh. John Carpenter ; As-
sessors, Josiah Burt, William Gibbs, Henry C. Post;
Directors of the Poor, Henry Frain, Hiram Mills-
paugh ; Collector, Amos Bradshaw ; Constables,
Charles W. Clark, Stephen Randolph, Amos Brad-
shaw^ Levi Tenny.

1 841. Supervisor, James C. Vaughn ; Clerk, Eli
Bradshaw ; Treasurer, A. Dalrymple ; Justice of
the Peace, Joshua Church ; School Inspectors, E.
Bradshaw, David Fell, E. C. Eaton ; Highway
Commissioners, Benjamin Brearley, Henry Frain,
Hiram Millspaugh ; Poor Directors, Daniel Mills-
paugh, Adolphus Dalrymple ; Collector, Amos
Bradshaw ; Assessors, Josiah Burt, H. C. Post,
George M. Shaw; Constables, Amos Bradshaw,
Levi Tenny, Charles W. Clark, Gustavus Lun-
berg.

1842. Supervisor, James C. Vaughn; Clerk,
Job Smith ; Treasurer and Collector, Adolphus
Dalrymple ; Justice of the Peace, Eli Bradshaw ;
School Inspectors, Ephraim A. Shaw, David Fell,
James C. Vaughn ; Highway Commissioners, Henry
C. Post, Joseph Warner, Samuel Westfall ; Over-
seers of the Poor, Henry Frain, Hiram Millspaugh ;
Assessors, William Gibbs, Hiram Millspaugh ; Con-
stables, Charles Adams, Wm. Sterling, Wm. E.
Warner, Levi Tenny.

1843. Supervisor, Eli Bradshaw; Clerk, James

Moorman ; Treasurer, Adolphus Dalrymple ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Henry C. Post ; School Inspec-
tors, Charles Hanley, one year, David Fell, two
years ; Highway Commissioners, Samuel Westfall,
Joseph Warner, Stephen Randolph ; Overseers of
the Poor, Jehial Burt, Henry Frain ; Assessors, H.
C. Post, Thos. W. McKee ; Constables, Wm. E.
Warner; Wm. Sterling, Stephen Randolph.

1844. Supervisor, William H. Cannon; Clerk,
Eli Bradshaw ; Treasurer, William E. Warner ;
Justice of the Peace, Eurotus Morton ; School In-
spector, Charles Stanley ; Highway Commissioners,
Samuel Westfall, Ephraim A. Shaw ; Overseers of
the Poor, Henry Frain, Jehial Burt ; Assessors,
Daniel Fierce, Thomas Wood, Joseph Warner;
Constables, Wm. E. Warner, John Whitaker, Mont-
gomery French, Isaac S. Barlow.

1845. Supervisor, George Jewett ; Clerk, Wm.
H. Cannon ; Treasurer, Wm. Crawford ; Justice of
the Peace, Joshua Church ; Assessors, Henry C.
Post, Clark Horner ; Commissioners of Highways,
Samuel R, Bumpus, Waterman Convis, Joel P. Bar-
low ; Overseers of the Poor, Jehial Burt, Henry
Frain ; School Inspector, David Fell ; Constables,
Charles S. Stanley, Caleb J. Barlow, Abner Miller,
James Taylor, Jr.

1846. Supervisor, George Jewett; Clerk, Eli
Bradshaw; Treasurer, Isaac P. Bush; Justice of
the Peace, William H. Cannon ; Assessors, Jehial
Burt, Henry C. Post ; Highway Commissioners,
Samuel R. Bumpus, Samuel Westfall, John Hoff-
man; Overseers of the Poor, Henry Frain, Adol-
phus Dalrymple ; School Inspector, Charles S. Stan-
ley ; Constables, Ira Merrell, James Moorman,
Caleb J. Barlow, Chas Fleming.

1847. Supervisor, Jehial Burt; Clerk, Eli Brad-
shaw ;" Treasurer, Isaac P. Bush; Justices of the
Peace, Wm. E. Warner, two years, Henry C. Post,
four years ; Assessors, Job Smith, Henry Robson ;
Highway Commissioners, Samuel Westfall, one
year, Daniel Pierce, two years, Henry C. Post, three
years ; School Inspectors, Charles S. Stanley, one
year, David Fell, two years ; Directors of the Poor,
Amariah Rawson, Adolphus Dalrymple; Consta-
bles, Thomas W. Hewett, Lyman B. Dalrymple,
James Moorman, Caleb J. Barlow.

1848. Supervisor, James C. Vaughn; Clerk,
Aretus Dunn ; Treasurer, David Fell ; Justice of
the Piece, Isaac P. Bush ; Assessors, Job Smith,
Joseph Warner; Highway Commissioners, Lewis
S. Anderson, one year, John Whitaker, two years ;
School Inspector, Charles S. Stanley ; Overseers of
the Poor, John C. Post, Henry PYain ; Constables,
Samuel C. Post, Job Smith, Thomas N. Mcintosh,
Lyman B. Dalrymple.

1849. Supervisor, E. C. Eaton; Clerk, Stephen
S. Hicks; Treasurer, Philip A, Monroe; Justices of

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1379

the Peace, Eurotas Morton, Lewis S. Anderson ;
School Inspector, William E. Warner; Highway
Commissioner, Wm. Crawford ; Overseers of the
Poor, John C. Post, Henry Frain ; Constables,
Thomas W. Hewett, James Moorman, John Eaton,
Charles Fleming.

1850. Supervisor, Robert P. Clark; Clerk, Levi
J. Ford; Treasurer, Philip A. Monroe; Justice of
the Peace, George H. Burroughs ; Highway Com-
missioner, George Jewett; School Inspectoi, Levi
S. Anderson ; Assessors, Joseph Warner, Henry
Robson ; Overseers of the Poor, Job Smith, John
C. Post ; Constables, Thomas W. Hewett, Lyman
B. Dalrymple, James Moorman, Lewis C. Warner.

1 85 1. Supervisor, Lewis S. Anderson; Clerk,
Levi J. Ford ; Treasurer, Isaac P. Bush ; Justices of
the Peace, Wm. E. Warner, Lewis S. Anderson ;
Highway Commissioner, Joseph Warner; Asses-
sors, Job Smith, Henry Robson ; School Inspector,
Wm. E. Warner; Overseers of the Poor, Job
Smith, Stephen Randolph ; Constables, Thomas
W. Hewett, Byron Ayers, Benj. Cotton. Joseph
Spear.

1852. Supervisor, Lewis S. Anderson; Clerk,
Levi J. Ford ; Treasurer, George Jewett ; Justice
of the Peace, E. A. Shaw ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Edward Strong ; Overseers of the Poor,
Job Smith, Stephen Randolph ; School Inspector,
Lewis S. Anderson ; Constables, Adolphus Dalrym-
ple, Peter Lewis, Thomas Hewett, Byron Ayres.

1853. Supervisor, Lewis S Anderson; Clerk,
L. J. Ford ; Treasurer, Lyman B. Dalrymple ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Thomas Biggam ; Highway Com-
missioner, Robert P. Clark ; Overseers of the Poor,
Job Smith, Stephen Randolph ; School Inspector,
Charles S. Hanley ; Constables, Lyman B. Dal-
rymple, James W. Mason, Byron Ayres, Thomas
W. Hewett

1854. Supervisor, Lewis S. Anderson; Clerk,
L. J. Ford ; Treasurer, Lyman B. Dalrymple ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Wm. H. Cannon ; Highway
Commissioner, Joseph Warner; Overseers of the
Poor, Stephen Randolph, Horace Miller; School
Inspector, Alvah Whitman ; Constables, Lyman B.
Dalrymple, Byron Ayers, Abner Miller, James W.
Mason.

1855. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner ; Clerk, John
Boyce ; Treasurer, Lyman B. Dalrymple; Justice
of the Peace, Wm. E. Warner; Highway Commis-
sioner, Wm. Crawford ; Overseers of the Poor,
Wilkinson Dean, Henry Frain ; School Inspector,
Lewis S. Anderson ; Constables, Lyman B. Dal-
rymple, Byron Ayres, John Eaton, James G.
McQuail.

1856. Supervisor. Wm. E. Warner; Clerk,
Wilkinson Dean; Treasurer, Lyman B. Dalrym-
ple ; Justice of the Peace, Morris Littlefield ;

Highway Commissioner, Robert P. Clark, Overseers
of the Poor, S. Randolph, H. Frain ; School In-
spector, E. P. Barlow ; Constables, L. B. Dalrym-
ple, J. C. Demosh, H. Miller, A. Dickinson.

1857. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner; Clerk,
Henry E. Champion; Treasurer, Wm. Sands;
Justice of the Peace, Thomas Biggam ; Overseers
of the Poor, John W^hitaker, Stephen Randolph ;
School Inspectors, Lewis S. Anderson, Wm. E.
Warner; Constables, Jeremiah Hewett, John For-
sythe, William Sands, Lyman Dalrymple.

1858. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner; Clerk,
Wm. Sterling; Treasurer, Wm. Sands ; Justices of
the Peace, Daniel Fell, Levi J. Ford ; School In-
spectors, Iris W. Badger, Wm. O. Vining; Over-
seers of the Poor, Stephen Randolph, John Whit-
aker ; Highway Commissioner, Charles Adams ;
Constables, John W. Forsythe, Lyman B. Dalry-
mple, Thomas W. Hewett, Wm. Sands.

1859. Supervisor, Wm. E.Warner; Clerk, Levi
J. Ford ; Treasurer, John Hope ; Justices of the
Peace, James H. Bailey, George W. Moore ; High-
way Commissioner, Samuel Robb; Overseers of
the Poor, Stephen Randolph, John Whitaker ;
School Inspector, George H. Combs ; Constables,
Lyman B. Dalrymple, Wm. Sands, Thomas W.
Hewett, Ezra Francisco.

i860. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner; Clerk, Levi
J. Ford ; Treasurer, Thomas Quirk ; Justice of the
Peace, Levi J. Ford; School Inspectors, William
Whitaker, S. D. Moon; Overseers of the Poor,
Stephen Randolph, Ephraim R. Thornton ; High-
way Commissioner, Byron Ayres ; Constables, Wm.
Sands, Benjamin Cotton, Jr., Alvin B. Warner, A.
C. Dunlap.

1861. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner; Clerk, Alex-
ander Robb ; Treasurer, John S. Bush ; Justice of
the Peace, Thomas Biggam ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Henry Robinson; Overseers of the Poor,
Stephen Randolph, Samuel Westfall ; School In-
spector, Hiram R. Nowland ; Constables. William
Sands, A. C. Dunlap, Benjamin Cotton, Jr., Byron
Ayres.

1862. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner ; Clerk, Alex-
ander Robb ; Treasurer, Daniel J. Smith ; Justice
of the Peace, George W. Moore ; Highway Com-
missioner, Robert P. Clark ; Overseers of the Poor,
Stephen Randolph, Edward Mcintosh; School
Inspector, Wm. Whitaker; Constables, Wm. Sands,
Byron Ayres, A. C. Dunlap, George Westfall.

1863. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner ; Clerk, Wm.
Sterling ; Treasurer, Oscar F. Westfall ; Justice of
the Peace, Caleb J. Barlow ; Commissioner of
Highways, Perrin Brown ; Overseers of the Poor,
Stephen Randolph, Edward Mcintosh ; School In-
spector, Robert Vanderwerker ; Constables, Wm.
Sands, Byron Ayres, Edward Mcintosh, B. Cotton.

1380

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIt^— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1864. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner ; Clerk, S.W.
Earing; Treasurer, Byron Ayres; Justice of the
Peace, Daniel Smith ; Overseers of the Poor, Stephen
Randolph, Edward Mcintosh; School" Inspector,
Marion Moore ; Constables, Benjamin Cotton, Ed-
v^ard Mcintosh, Hiram Eaton.

1 865 Supervisor, James C. Vaughn ; Clerk, Jesse
Randolph ; Treasurer. Edward Mcintosh ; Justice
of the Peace, Thomas Biggam ; Overseers of the
Poor, Samuel Robb, Jonathan Powell; School
Inspectors, William Whitaker, Lester R. Brown ;
Constables, Hiram Eaton, Oscar F. Westfall, Ben-
jamin F. Cotton, Wm. Smith.

1866. Supervisor, Lester R. Brown; Clerk. Jesse
Randolph; Treasurer, Henry P. Smith; Justice of
the Peace, George W. Moore ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Perrin Brown; Overseers of the Poor, Stephen
Randolph, Timothy M. Cody; School Inspector,
Daniel Rounds ; Constables, Henry Landon, Jacob
Stofflet, Hiram Eaton Henry Frain.

1867. Supervisor, Lester R. Brown; Clerk,
Timothy M. Cody ; Treasurer, Wm. Sands ; Jus-
tice of the Peace, Caleb J. Barlow ; Highway Com-
missioner, Hiram Millspaugh ; Overseers of the
Poor, Stephen Randolph, Joseph Warner ; School
Inspector,- Francis M Moore ; Constables, Benja-
min Cotton, Ezra Eaton, Edward H. Doyle, A. C.
Dunlap.

1868. Supervisor, Caleb J. Barlow; Clerk, Ed-
ward H. Doyle ; Treasurer, Wm. Sands ; Highway
Commissioner, Edward Mcintosh ; Justice of the
Peace, John Hope.

1869. Supervisor, Caleb J. Barlow; Clerk, Ed-
ward H Doyle ; Treasurer, Frederick Soop ; Justice
of the Peace, Thomas Biggam; School Inspector,
Alexander Robb ; Constables, John S. Bush, George
Warren, George Gould, George Warner.

1870. Supervisor, Caleb J Barlow, Clerk, Wm.
Sterling ; Treasurer, Wm Fell ; Justice of the
Peace, Joseph Spear ; Highway Commissioner,
Hiram Millspaugh ; School Inspector, James Stuart ;
Constables, John S. Bush, George Warren, George
Gould, John Zibbell.

1871. Supervisor, Caleb J. Barlow; Clerk, Wm.
A. Haak ; Treasurer, Wm. Fell ; Justice of the
Peace, Caleb J. Barlow; Highway Commissioner,
Samuel Westfall ; School Inspector, Alexander
Robb ; Constables, John S. Bush, John Zibbell,
Obed Coy, Charles W. Smith.

1872. Supervisor. Caleb J. Barlow ; Clerk, Wm.
A. Haak ; Treasurer, James Renton ; Justices of
the Peace, Jesse Randolph and Auren Roys, part of
a year each ; Commissioner of Highways, Charles
W. Smock ; Drain Commissioner, Alexander
Robb ; School Inspector, James Stewart ; Con-
stables, John S. Bush, John Zibbell, Wm. Cotton,
Jacob Stofflet.

1873. Supervisor, Wm E. Warner; Clerk;
Wm A. Haak ; Treasurer, James Renton ; Justices
of the Peace, Thomas Biggam, W. E. Warner ;
Highway Commissioner, David Soop ; Drain Com-
missioner, Alexander Robb; School Inspector,
George Smock ; Constables, Frank Miller, Charles
W. Smith, Myron N. Bumpus, Robert H. McKins-
try.

1874. Supervisor, Wm. E. Warner; Clerk, Wm.
A. Haak ; Treasurer, John Hope ; Justice of the
Peace, George W. Moore ; Highway Commissioner.
Jacob H. Post ; Drain Commissioner, Alexander
Robb ; School Inspector, James Stewart ; Con-
stables, John Zibbell, Andrew J. Smith, Wm. Cot-
ton, Wilbur B. Sherman.

1875. Supervisor, William E. Warner; Clerk,
Wm. A. Haak ; Treasurer, John Hope ; Justice of
the Peace, Caleb J Barlow ; Highway Commissioner,
Jacob H. Post ; Drain Commissioner, Alexander
Robb ; Superintendent of Schools, Franklin Robb ;
School Inspector, George Smock ; Constables, An-
drew J. Smith, John Zibbell, Robert H. McKinstry,
Jacob Stofflet.

1876. Supervisor, William E. Warner; Clerk,
Wm. A. Haak ; Treasurer, Samuel G. Denton ;
Justice of the Peace, Wm. E. Warner ; Supt. of
Schools, Franklin Robb ; Highway Commissioner,
Alexander Robb ; Drain Commissioner, Wm. S.
Gordon ; School Inspector, Albert Day ; Constables,
Andrew J. Smith, John Zibbell, Wm. Cotton,
Palmer Edmunds.

1877. Supervisor, Gilbert Brown; Clerk, Wm.
A. Haak ; Treasurer, Woodbury Clark ; Justice of
the Peace, Thomas Biggam ; Supt. of Schools,
Leon D. Brown ; Highway Commissioner, Daniel
J. Smith ; School Inspector, George Smock ; Con-
stables, Andrew J. Smith, Byron Ayres, William
Cotton, John S. Bush.

1878. Supervisor, William E. Warner; Clerk,
William A. Haak ; Treasurer, Leon Riggs ; Justice
of the Peace, George W. Moore ; Highway Com-
missioner, Wm. K. Horner ; Drain Commissioner,
David Soop; Supt. of Schools, Seward R. Thorn-
ton and Franklin Robb, each part of a year ;
School Inspector, *George Smock ; Constables,
Eurotas Throop, Byron Ayers, Wm. Cotton, John
Jewett.

1879. Supervisor, William E. Warner and
James E. Stevens, each part of a year ; Clerk, Wm.
A. Haak ; Treasurer, Henry Davis ; Justice of the
Peace, Caleb J. Barlow, Wm. A. Haak ; Highway
Commissioner, James F. Barry ; Supt. of Schools,
Frank Miller ; School Inspector, Charles C. Smock ;
Constables, Perry G. Osier, Ernest E. Ryan, Euro-
tas Throop, Wm. Cotton, John Zibbell.

1880. Supervisor, James A. Stevens; Clerk,
Wm. A. Haak ; Treasurer, Henry Davis ; Justice of

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP— ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1381

the Peace, Wm. H. Kinney ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Frank Miller ; Supt. of Schools, Benjamin F.
Smith ; School Inspector, Wm. H. Dunham ; Drain
Commissioner, Samuel Westfall ; Constables,
Ernest E. Ryan, Wm. Cotton, John Zibbell,
Charles L. Freeman.

1 88 1. Supervisor, Henry Davis; Clerk, Wm. A.
Haak ; Treasurer, David Soop ; Justice of the Peace,
Thomas Biggam ; Highway Commissioner, Michael
Frain ; Supt. of Schools, Benjamin F. Smith ;
School Inspector, Henry L. Fell ; Constables, E. E.
Ryan, Charles L. Freeman, John Zibbell, Frank
Anderson.

1882. Supervisor, Henry Davis ; Clerk, Wm. A.
Haak ; Treasurer, David Soop ; Justice of the
Peace, George W. Moore ; Highway Commissioner,
Edw^ard Mcintosh ; Drain Commissioner, Henry
Brier; School Inspectors, Franklin Robb, two
years, John Gillespie, one year; Constables, Wm.
Cotton, Edwin Barlow, Frank C. Anderson, Aretus
D. Ford.

1883. Supervisor, Henry Davis; Clerk, Wm. A.
Haak ; Justice of the Peace, Caleb J. Barlow ;
Highway Commissioner, Obed Coy ; School In-
spector, John Gillespie ; Constable, John Zibbell ;
Treasurer, Franklin Robb ; Justice of the Peace,
Perry D. Pearl ; Constables, Frederick Roths, Rob-
ert H. McKinstry, John S. Bush.

1884. Supervisor, Henry Davis ; Clerk, Wm. A.
Haak ; Treasurer, Franklin Robb ; Justice of the
Peace, James Stewart; Highway Commissioner,
Obed Coy ; Drain Commissioner, Charles F. Barry ;
School Inspector, Benjamin F. Smith ; Constables,
Frederick Roths John Zibbell, Frank C. Anderson,
Wm. Cotton.

1885. Supervisor. Henry Davis; Clerk, Wm. A.
Haak ; Treasurer, John W. Clark ; Justice of the
Peace, John Gillespie; Highway Commissioner,
Wm. H. Soop ; School Inspector, John Gillespie,
two years, Henry L. Fell, one year ; Constables,
Albert Kane Elmer Zibbell, Frank C. Anderson,
Frederick Roths

1886. Supervisor, Franklin Robbe ; Clerk,
Henry Fehlig, Jr., and A. J. Smith, each part of a
year ; Treasurer, John W. Clark ; Justices of the
Peace, George Smock, Charles W. Smith ; Highway
Commissioner, Wm. H. Soop ; School Inspector,
Henry L. Fell ; Drain Commissioner, James R.
Clark ; Constables, John Zibbell, Frank C. Ander-
son, Albert Kane, Jesse Jaycott.

1887. Supervisor, Franklin Robbe; Clerk, An-
drew J. Smith ; Treasurer, Henry L. Fell ; Justice
of the Peace, Caleb J. Barlow ; Highway Commis-
sioner, William Lilley; School Inspector, John
Gillespie; Constables, Wm. Cotton, Byron Ayers,
A. D. Ford, Charles Hines.

1888. Supervisor, Perry Vorce; Clerk, George

Loewer ; Treasurer, Henry L. Fell ; Justice of the
Peace, James A. Stewart ; Highway Commissioner,
Chester E. Wright ; Drain Commissioner, James R.
Clark ; School Inspectors, James C. Pullen, Albert
Day, Jr.; Constables, Frederick Roths, Wm. Cotton.

1889. Supervisor, Perry Vorce; Clerk, George
Loewer; Treasurer, Charles F. Voorheies; Justice
of the Peace, Frank W. Smith ; Highway Commis-
sioner, Marcus C. Robb; School Inspector, Albert
Day, Jr.; Constables, Fred Raths, H. A Sherman,
H. Frain. H. M. Babcock.

1890. Supervisor, Jasper Moore; Clerk, W. A.
Haak ; Treasurer, S. W. Earing ; School Inspector,
W. J. Gillespie ; Highway Commissioner, Robert
Robson ; Drain Commissioner, J. R Clark ; Board
of Review, J. N. Post, John Eaton ; Constables F.
Raths, W. H. Burrell, H. Frain.

At the annual township meeting in 187$, a com-
mittee, consisting of Robert P. Clark, Thomas
Quirk, and William Crawford, w^as appointed as a
building committee, to take charge of a fund of
$[,500, and superintend the building of a town
house. At a special meeting held September 2,
1875, by a vote of ninety-nine to seven, the. Grange
organization was permitted to join with the com-
mittee and put up a second story for the use of
their fraternity. The building was completed and
opened late in the fall of 1875.

A notable exhibition of generosity on the part of
the township was the vote of May 27, 1865, which
relieved the Township Treasurer, Byron Ayres,
from the payment of $3,000 township funds of
which he had been robbed by a school teacher who
at the time boarded with him ; the taxpayers, by a
vote of 204 to 184, voting to re-tax themselves to
make good the amount stolen.

The population of the township in 1850 was
1,470; in i860, 1,757; in 1870, 1,970; and in 1880,
1,918. The valuation in 1840 was $124387; in
1850, $75,433; in i860, $297,140; in 1870, $287,-
265 ; and in 1880, $1,053,847.

Wood's Creek, in the south part of the township,
was so called after Matthew Wood, who purchased
part of Section 36 in 1825.

As early as 1822 a school house was built, and a
school kept by John Price. In 1888 there were
twelve districts and parts of school districts in the
township Six male and eight female teachers
were employed, and there were 483 children, of
whom 353 attended school. There were five brick
and three frame school houses, seating 587
scholars, and the school property was valued at
$16,800.

BELLVILLE.

The plat of the village was recorded in 1848 by
Geo D. Hill, D. L. Quirk, and R» P. Clark.

1382

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP—ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

The name Belleville, or Beautiful village, is very
appropriate, for it is an unusually clean and pretty
settlement. It is in the center of an excellent grain
and fruit region, and considerable amounts of these
products are shipped from this point. It is located
on the southerly bank of the Huron River, the
banks at this point being about thirty feet high, and
the excellent water power is utilized by two flouring
mills, three saw mills, and other smaller establish-
ments. The Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific R. R ,
passes through the village, and it has good ship-
ping facilities. The town hall, a two story brick, is
located here, and there is also a well built public
school.

The Myrtle Lodge. No. 19, of F. and A. M., was
organized March 8, 1856, and in 1859 they erected
a two story building, with a lodge room in the
second story. An Odd Fellow Lodge known as
Galaxy, No. 384, was organized on March 8, 1887.

A paper called the Michigan Mirador, published
by W. W. Secord, was issued here from 1881 to
1883, and then moved to Detroit. The Belleville
Enterprise was first issued March 10 1886, with
RoscoQ C. Begole as editor and proprietor. On
March 5, 1888, it was sold to Albert E. Smith, who
has since had entire control. In politics it is inde-
pendent and neutral. It is issued weekly, on
Wednesdays, at $1 a year, and has a circulation of
about 500.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of this place
traces its origin to a class which was formed in
1840, when Belleville was in the Dearborn Circuit,
with Elijah Crane as Presiding Elder. As near as
can be ascertained, the following pastors have been
in charge : 1840, Rev. Adam Minnis ; 1841, Rev.
Elias Pattee and Rev. Robert Howe; 1482, Rev.
John Gray and Rev. Wm. Taylor; 1843, Rev.
Alanson Fleming, Rev. Caleb Bruce and Rev. R.
Dubois; 1844, Rev. Gideon J. Shurtliff, Rev.
Henry Penfield and Rev. Robert Bird ; 1845, Rev.
Jonathan Blanchard and Rev. W. H. Hayes; 1846,
Rev. Daniel Bush and Rev. Wm, Benson; 1847,
Rev. D.Bush and Rev. Francis Glass; 1848, Rev.
Isaac Abbott and Rev. Benjamin Pritchard; 1849,
Rev. Wm. Mothersill and Rev. Robert Bird ; 1850,
Rev. J. F. Collins and Rev. Wm. Fox; 1851, Rev.
Samuel Bessey and Rev. Wm. Fox; 1852, Rev.
Samuel Bessey and Rev. Jacob Wortley ; 1853, Rev.
Ebenezer Steel and Rev. C. W. Leeman; 1854,
Rev. E. Westlake ; 1855, Rev. John J. Smith ; 1856,
Rev. J. Kellogg and Rev. — Dwelle; 1857, Rev. J.
W. Kellogg and Rev. A. J. Bigelow; 1858, Rev.
John Levington and Rev. W. C. Way; 1859, Rev.
John Levington; i860. Rev. R. R. Richards; 1861-
1863, Rev. Rufus C. Crane; 1863, Rev. H. N.
Brown; 1864. Rev. S. P. Warner; 1865-1867, Rev.
Charles M. Anderson; 1867-1869, Rev. Jesse Kil-

Patrick; 1869, Rev. Jesse Kilpatrick and Rev. W.
W. Washburn; 1870-1872, Rev. J. G. Morgan;
1872, Rev. Wm. J. Campbell; 1873-1875, Rev Jas.
S. Sutton; 1875, Rev. John W. Crippen ; 1876--
1878, Rev. W. J. Clack ; 1878, Rev. E. Barry; 1879-
1881. Rev. S. L. Ramsdell; 1881-1883, Rev. W. R.
Jordon; November 16, 1882, to March 26, 1883,
Rev. R. J. Barrett ; 1883, Rev. R. B. Rogers; 1884!
Rev. H. A. Merrill; 1885, Rev. L. C. York; 1886-
1889, Rev. R. L. Hewson. In 1850 Robert Clark
and Daniel Quirk donated a lot, and the present
church was erected The present valuation of the
church property, including parsonage, is about
$3»ioo.

The First Baptist Society was organized in July,
1 841. The church was dedicated in September,
1853, will seat 200. and is worth $2,000. The pas-
tors have been as follows : Rev. John Goff, 1 841 to

; Rev. A. Whitman, April, 1851, to ; Rev.

T. L. Bulls, 1857-1859; Rev. A. H. Harris, Febru-
ary, i860, to February, 1862; Rev. P. Gambell,
April, 1862 to April, 1868; Rev. D. Osborn, April,
1868, to March 1869; Rev. J. P. Chenoworth,
April, 1869, to January, 1870; Rev. D.J.Parker,
August, 1871, to November, 1871 ; Rev. A. B.
Kinne, May, 1873. to August. 1873 i Rev. A. Snider,
December, 1876, to January, 1878 ; Rev. A Gower,

February, 1878, to ; Rev. R. D. Herrington,

June, 1881, to March, 1883; Rev. A. M. Lyon,
April, 1883, to May. 1885; Rev. H. C. Scofield,
May, 1885, to November, 1885.

DENTON'S,

A small station on the Michigan Central Railroad,
was laid out by Samuel Y. Denton in 1866.

The Methodist Episcopal Church at this place
originally formed part of what was known as the
Huron Mission. A regular society was organized
in 1835. Their present church was dedicated De-
cember 7, 1869; the lot cost $100, and the building
$3,000. It seats 250. They have about 100 mem-
bers. The following have served as pastors : Arthur
B. Elliott, 1835; Wm. H. Brockway, 1836-1837;
Robert Triggs, 1838; Charles Babcock, 1839;
Adam Minnis, 1840; Elias Pattee and Robert
Howe, 1841 ; J. Gray and Wm. Taylor, 1842; E.
Fleming and Robert Dubois, 1843; Gideon J.
Shurtleff and Henry Penfield, 1844 ; Jonathan Blan-
chard, 1845; Daniel Bush, 1S46-1847; Isaac C.
Abbott and B, F. Pritchard, 1848 ; Wm. Mothersill
and Robert Bird, 1849 J I- F. Collins and Wm. Fox,
1850; Samuel Bessey and J. Wortley, 1851 ; Isaac
Abbott and B. F. Pritchard, 1852; Ebenezer Steele
and C. W. Seyman, 1853 ; Curtis Mosher and Har-
rison Colby, 1854; J. H. .Carter, 1855 ; J. W. Kel-
logg, 1 856-1 857 ; John Levington and William C.
Way, 1858-1859; R. R. Richards, i860; Rufus C.

VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

1383

Crane. 1861-1862; H. N.Brown, 1863; S. P.War-
ner, 1864; Charles M. Anderson, 1865- 1866; Jesse
Kilpatrick, 1867- 1868 ; Jesse Kilpatrick and W. W.
Washburn, 1869; Samuel Kitzmiller, 1870; J. S.
Sutton, 1871-1872; H. N. Brown, 1873; N. New-
ton, 1874-1876; L. C. York, 1876-1879; S. Cle-
ments, 1879-1881 ; R. Wrench, 1881; F.W.Warren,
.1882-1884; L, C. York, 1884; J. A.Lowry, 1885-
1888; S. Bird, 1889-

RAWSONVILLE, FORMERLY MICHIGAN CITY.

This village, the post-office of which was formerly
called Michigan City, was platted by Matthew
Woods, Amariah Rawson, and Abraham Voorhees,
in 1836. By Act of Legislature of March 22, 1839,
the name was changed to Rawsonville. It is located
on the Huron river, on the line between Wayne and
Washtenaw Counties. It has a good water power

and several mills. A Methodist Episcopal Church
was organized in 1843. The first building was
dedicated December 19, 1876. The lot cost $100,
and the building $1,600. It seats 200. The fol-
lowing persons have served as pastors : Wm. Tay-
lor, J. S. Collins, H. Penfield, William Mothersill, F.
Glass, I. C. Abbott, R. Bird, S. Bessy, Wm. Fox,
J. Wortley, W. Donaldson, E. Klumph, A. Bigelow.
C. M. Anderson, J. S. Sutton, S. L. Ramsdell, J. G.
Morgan, J. Kilpatrick, S. P. Warner, W. W. Wash-
burn, E. Barry, W. Clack, T. C. Higgins, — Jordon,
B. B. Rogers, Jesse Robbins, John Wright, A.
Ebling.

secord's,

A small station on the Michigan Central Railroad,
is named after Henry B. Secord, who bought land
here in 1845.

PERSONAL SKETCHES.

CANTON.

Charles E. Andrews, of Canton, was born
in Lyons, Wayne County, New York. April 7,
1832. He came to Micliigan by team from Erie,
Pa., in 1833 with his parents, Augustus and Dor-
othy Andrews. January 20, 1858, Charles mar-
ried Helen Cook, of Canton. Helen was born in
New York, April i, 1838. By this marriage there
were two children; Alice Grace, born December
12, 1859, and Tracy, born April 30. 1863. Tracy
died December 19, 1877. Helen C, died February
28, 1882. November 28, 1883, Charles married Ella
Dickerson, of Rawsonville, Van Buren township.
Ella was born August 28, 1845, in Leroy, Gene-
see county. New York. Charles was elected Town-
ship Clerk in 1853, held the office seven years;
then that of Treasurer for one year; elected Jus-
tice in 1 88 1, and held the office two years In
1883 he was elected Town Clerk and held the
office three years

R. D. Ballou of Canton, was born in New York
State. October 4, 1826. and came to Michigan with his
parents, Royal and Mary (Hix) Ballou, in 1836. He
has always resided at Canton, and engaged in farm-
ing. He has been School Director.

Thomas Blackmore. boot and shoe manu-
facturer of Sheldons. was born in Lamentshire,
England, July 21, 1839. He served an appren-
ticeship in England for seven years. In 1861 he
married Elizabeth Jones, of Somersetshire,
England. Elizabeth was born in Somersetshire,
April 21, 1840. Thomas came to America in
1869, locating in New York City, where he
worked at his trade for one year. In 1870 he came
to Sheldons and sent for his wife. He opened a
shop and has since worked at his trade. They
have seven children ; Clara, Henry and Louisa were
born in England, Charles, John, Mary, and Edna
were born in America. Edna died when eleven
months old. Mr. Blackmore is the only manufac-
turer of boots and shoes in the tow^nship.

John Bryant, of Canton, was born in Niag-
ara, New York, November 11, 181 1. In 1833 he
came to Michigan, and located on eighty acres of
land in Hillsdale County. He returned to New
York in 1835, ^^^ returned to Michigan in 1838.
April 17, 1845, he married Sarah A. Smith, of

Hillsdale County, Michigan. Sarah was born in
New Lebanon, New York, October 3, 1828. In
1864 they moved to Canton, Wayne County, where
he had 100 acres of land. In May, 1887, their
house was destroyed by fire. They have five
children, Rachel A., born December 23. 1846;
Annie C, born June 25, 1849; Nathaniel H., born
December 21, 1851 ; Daniel S.. born September 5,
1852, and Harris J., born July 10, 1873. Nathaniel
H.died August 2, i860. On December 25, 1882,
Daniel S. married Adelaide S. Oliver, born in Lisbon,
Portugal, October 11, 1867. They have three chil-
dren, John D., Jeannette A., Lavanche S.

Milton E. Carleton, farmer, brick and
tile manufacturer, of Canton,. Mich . was born on
the farm he now owns, October 13, 1845. His
father, Martin Carleton, died April 27, 1884, aged
81. His mother, Sarah (Owen) Carleton, died
January 15, 1888, aged 80 years April 3, 1867.
Milton married Eliza M. Rich of Canton. Eliza
was born in Ypsilanti in 1842. She died August 6,
1878, aged 36 years. They had five children by
this marriage. Walter R., born September 6, ifc68 ;
Frank M., born October 24, 1 87 1 ; Claud D., born May
14, 1875, and died September 14, 1875; Floyd H.,
born February 20, 1877, and died October 26, 1881;
Lida M., born July 30, 1878, and died October 30,
1 88 1. October 20, 1881, he married Carrie Rash
of Canton, Michigan. Carrie was born August 31,
1852. They have two children, Ralph, born May
17, 1883, and Ray Owen, born August 28, 1886.
In 1878 Mr. Carleton erected his brick and tile
works, putting in the latest and best of machinery.
He annually manufactures 400,000 pieces of tile and
500,000 brick, giving employment to nine men.
He carries on extensive farming employing three
men. He is a member of F. & A. M., also A. O.
U. W., of Sheldons. Eliphalet Carleton, brother of
Milton, enlisted in Company D, Twenty-fourth
Michigan Infantry, and was w^ounded at Battle of
Gettysburg. He died July 13 following the battle,
and was brought home and buried at Sheldon's
Corners.

Joseph Clark, of Canton, was born in Nor-
folk, England, March 18, 1833. He, with his parents,
Charles and Margaret Clark, came to the United

1386

PERSONAL SKETCHES— CANTON.

States in 1853, locating at Rawsonville, Wayne
County, and worked by the day for the farmers.
They afterwards went to Iowa, where Joseph re-
mained until 1859. when he returned to Ypsilanti.
May 14, 1863, he married Mary Ann Roach of
Ypsilanti. Mary was born in Cornwall, England,
September 6, 1837. Her parents, William and
Elizabeth Roach, came to Canton in 1858. Eliza-
beth died July 13. 1883, aged 64. William is still
living in Van Buren County, Michigan. After his
marriage, Joseph worked rented farms for eleven
years. In 1875 he purchased the farm he now owns.
They have three children, Charles R,, born August
31, 1870 ; Willie J., born June 26, 1874; and Gracie,
born November 12, 1876.

Sylvester P. Clark, of Canton, was boru
in Canton, November 18, 1849. His parents
Roswel P. and Sylvia (Tripp) Clark came to Mich-
igan, in 1833. Sylvia died in 1870, aged 47 years.
November 21, 1871, Sylvester Clark married Eliza-
beth Miller of Greenfield, Michigan. Elizabeth
was born in Greenfield, July 29, 1854. Her parents
were Horace and Mary (Larkins) Miller. Horace
died in 1855. Mary is still living in Springwells,
Michigan. Sylvester came upon the farm he now
owns in 1870. In 1884 he erected a large and com-
modious farm house.

Mrs. Dora A. Corwin, of Canton, was born
in Canton Wayne County, Michigan, September
17, 1853. Her maiden name was Lyndon; her
parents were Samuel and Jane R. Lyndon. For
biography of Samuel see this History of Wayne
County. March 11, I674 Dora A Lyndon married
Frank A. Corwin of Canton. Michigan. Frank A.
was born in Canton, Wayne County. Michigan
May 12, 1 85 1. His parents, Edward and Harriet
(Bartlett), were Eastern people, coming to Michi-
gan, at an early day. In the Spring of 1884, Frank
erected a large and commodious brick residence.
After a sickness of only four days Frank died, Octo-
ber 2, 1884. Mrs Corwin finished the house and is
now living there. They have two children, Edward
Samuel, born January 19, 1878, and Jennie Ethel,
born November 8, 1880.

John W. Cotton was born in Canton, Wayne
County, Michigan, October i, 1866. His parents,
Myron and Laura (Huston) Cotton were born in
Michigan, and are still living. Myron owns and
operates the steam saw and feed mill at Denton,
Wayne County, Michigan. John remained at home
until after his marriage, on December 6, 1886, His
wife was Effa M. Farkhurst, of Canton, Michigan.
Effa was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, July 20, 1868.
Her parents were James and Lorena Farkhurst, and
were born in Michigan. In the fall of 1877 John
and wife came to the farm on which he was born
and now owns. They have no children.

Miss Thursty M. Cummings, of Canton,
was born in Gaines, Orleans County New York,
February 26, 1838. Her parents, Isaac and Sarah
Cummings, came to Canton Michigan in 1825,
soon afterwards returning to New York. In
1850 they returned to Canton township, Michigan,
remaining here until their deaths. Isaac died Feb-
ruary 20, 1880, aged 88 years; Sarah died March
6, 1887, aged 71 years. One child, Jane, now Mrs.
Erdman, was born after they came to Michigan.
She is a widow, and lives in« Ionia, Mich.

Charles Esslinter, of Canton, was born
in Germany, February 23, 1864. and came to the
United States. April 21 1884, going direct to Ann
Arbor, Michigan. He learned his trade of black-
smith in Germany, and while living in Ann Arbor
he worked at it. In March, 1887 he came to
Manning's Mills in Canton and opened a general
repair shop. On July 3 1887, he married Mary
Reddeman of Ann Arbor. Mary was born in
Pasewalk, Germany, June 11, 1864. She, with her
parents, William and Mary, came to America in
1883. Mary died December 20, 1886, aged 40 years.
William is still living. They have X)ne child Charles
William, born May 9, 1888.

Pike Goodell of Canton, was born in Su-
perior, Washtenaw County, Michigan, January 10,
1833. His parents, Jonathan and Aurilla (Ste-
phens) Goodell, were from Watertown, New York.
They came to Michigan in 1826. Pike remained
at home until he was 21 years old. His father
then deeded him 80 acres of land in Superior town-
ship. September 10, 1856 he married Mary Huston,
of Canton. Mary was born in Michigan, February
16, 1837. Her parents were W. B. and Hulda
(Knapp) Huston. They were Eastern people, and
came to Michigan in the twenties. They are
both dead. In 1862 Mr. Goodell came to Canton,
where he purchased 95 acres of land. In 1885 he
purchased 20 more, which gives him a farm of 1 1 5
acres, all under a high state of cultivation. They
have no children.

Mrs. Lucretia Gorham, widow of Benjamin
Gorham, of Canton, was born in Rochester, New
York, July 28, 1829. Her maiden name was
Watson. Her parents, Walter and Rebecca Wat-
son, came to Michigan, September 4, 1830 Walter
taking up eighty acres of land from the Govern-
ment. Rebecca died in 1879, aged 70 ; Walter died
in 1880 aged 71 years. To Benjamin and Lucre-
tia Gorham two children were born : Walter B. and
Willis A., born December 27, 1857. Willis A. died
when two months old. Walter B. is living, and his
biography appears in this history.

Walter B. Gorham, of Canton, was born
in Canton, Wayne County, Michigan, December
27, 1857. His parents, Benjamin and Lucretia

PERSONAL SKETCHES— CANTON.

1387

(Watson) Gorham, were Eastern people, coming to
Michigan before it became a state. Benjamin died
January 14, 1877, aged 52 years. January 18,
1887. Walter married Paulina Prebe, of Canton.
Paulina was born in Germany, April 28. 1869. She
came to the United States with her parents God-
frey and Elizabeth Prebe in December, 1880.
They first located in Detroit, and in 1 883 they pur-
chased a farm in Canton, Wayne County, Michi-
gan. They had one child, Benjamin born January
12, 1888.

James B. Gould, blacksmith, of Cherry Hill,
Canton township, was born in Madison County,
New York. January 25, 1836. His parents, Samuel
and Sally Gould, came to Michigan in the fall of
1835, locating in Monroe County January 25,
1 86 1, James married Mary Southwood, of Monroe
County. Michigan. Mary was born August 3, 1 839,
and died January 17, 1876. April 14. 1880, James
married Frances Thurston, of Ypsilanti. Michigan.
Frances was born in Genesee County. New York,
September 7, 1846, her maiden name being Rowe.
The children by the last marriage are : Nina E.,
born December 6, 1880; Eda M., born January 21,
1882, died March 29, 1888; Jennie Belle, born
June 26, 1883. James began his trade at North-
ville, Michigan, working at Ypsilanti, Milan, Stony
Creek, and in 1886 came to Cherry Hill, Wayne
County.

James Gunn, Cherry Hill, Canton township,
was born in Canada, March 4, 1848. His parents,
John and Mary Gunn, came to Detroit, Michigan,
in 1855, living in Detroit for five years, then coming
to Canton, Wayne County, in i860. John died
June 13 1878, aged 56 years. Mary is living at
Cherry Hill Canton township. James married
Katie Burns, of Plymouth, Michigan, January 7,
1875. Katie was born in Canada, October i, i860.
Mr. Gunn has followed farming during the greater
part of his time in Michigan. He has been elected
constable of Canton continuously since 1872. Four
children have been born : James E., born August
13, 1877 ; Maggie, born July 26, 1880 ; John F., born
June 16, 1882, Katie May, born January 23, 1887.

H. O. Hanford, of Canton, was born in Per-
rinton. New York, October 5, 1824. In 1844 he
came to Michigan, where he engaged in teaching
during the winter and worked on farms in summer.
In the Spring of 1 848 he returned to New York.
May 15. 1849, he married Margaret Clayton, of
Canton, Michigan. Margaret was born in Mont-
gomery, New York; August 18, 1827. They re-
mained in New York until 1850, when they returned
to Michigan, bringing his parents, Jesse and Eunice
Hanford, with them. His purchased a farm near
Plymouth. His mother, Eunice, died February 28,
1864, aged 81 years. Jesse died February 25, 1868,

aged 91 years. Margaret (Clayton) Hanford, died
November 10, 1861. They had three children,
Helen E., born July 24. 1850, died February 9,
1858 ; William, born July 6, 1853 died February 4,
1858 ; James H.. born July 25 1858. February 12,
1866, H. O. Hanford married Margaret R. Cramer,
of New London. Iowa. Margaret was born in New
York, October 17, 1836. Her parents were James
and Ann Eliza Cramer. James died August 21,
1878, aged 66 years ; Ann E., is still living. Their
children were Anna B.. born February 27, 1867,
died November 7, 1867; Isabella L., born Decem-
ber 23, 1868 ; Minnie A., born April 13, 1870, died
March 8, 1882; May, born May 10. 1874. Mr.
Hanford purchased his present farm of 290 acres
in 1862, and engaged in general farming and stock
raising He has held office of Township Clerk, of
Plymouth, and Justice of the Peace, of Canton
township two terms. He has been chairman of the
executive committee of the Michigan State Agricul-
tural Society since 1870.

Mrs. James W. Hannan, of Canton, was born
in New York State, September, 28, 1820. She
came with her parents to Michigan in 1831, locat-
ing at Detroit, and married on November 25, 1839.
Mr. Hannan was born in New York State Novem-
ber IS, 18 1 2. They have eight children. Mr.
Hannan died October 15, 1882.

Jason A. Hix, of Canton, Michigan, was born
in Nankin, Wayne County, Michigan, February 12,
1 861. His parents were Amos and Julia (O'Brien)
Hix. Jason remained at home until after he was
twenty-one. December 25, 1 881, he married Caro-
line L. PuUen of Van Buren. Wayne County, Mich-
igan. Caroline was born in Van Buren, Wayne
County, Michigan, May 27, 1861. Her parents,
Jenks and Matilda (Carpenter) Pullen, are living,
and residents of Van Buren. Mr. Hix is engaged in
farming. They have one child, Mabel, born Octo-
ber 21. 1887.

William Holmes, of Canton, was born in
Clarkston, Monroe County, New York, June 5,
1825. He, with his parents, came to Michigan in

1835. December 31, 1851, he married Cornelia
Hutchinson of Ypsilanti. Cornelia was born in
Watertown, New York, August 12, 1832. Her
parents, James and Elizabeth came to Michigan in

1836. William enlisted December 19, 1861, in
Company H, First Michigan Volunteer Infantry as
a private, joining the regiment in Maryland. He
was in the Battle at Malvern Hill, and was slightly
wounded. He was taken sick soon after and sent
to the Hospital, thence to Convalescent Camp at
Washington in December. He was discharged
January 24, 1863, being unfit for service. He re-
turned to Ypsilanti, Michigan. In April, 1865, he
came to his present farm in Canton. They have

1388

PERSONAL SKETCHES— CANTON.

three children, Florence E., born October 3, 1852 ;
Florus E., born January 25, 1858 ; Aaron E., born
October 31, 1866.

Benjami>j W. Huston, of Canton, was born
in Canton, Wayne County, Michigan, April 26,
1856. His parents Reuben and Sarah (Gill) Hus-
ton came to Michigan in 1836. Reuben Huston is
one of the most successful farmers of Canton.
September 19, 1876, Benjamin married Emma
Lewis of Superior, Michigan. Emma was born in
Canton, Wayne County, Michigan, August 17,
1858. Her parents Andrew J., and Helen (Howell)
Lewis were born in Michigan. Andrew J., died
January, 1862, aged twenty-seven. Benjamin Hus-
ton has three children, Frank R , born May 1 5,
1879; MiltonB., born July 13. 1881 ; Sarah E., born
April 21, 1886, Mr. Huston is Moderator of School
District No. i, of Canton.

John Huston, 2d, was born April 11, 1828. in
Greece, Monroe County, New York. His father's
name was Benjarnin W. Huston; his mother's
maiden name, Huldah Knapp. They came to Mich-
igan in May, 1835, and located in Canton, Wayne
County. His mother died July 6, 1864, aged sixty-
four ; his father died November 24, 1874, aged
seventy-four years. John was married October 28,
1 857, to Betsey Ann Mott. She was born in Canton,
April II, 1836 Her father's name was Adam R.
Mott, her mother's was Betsey Patrick. The children
are Louisa, born July 30, 1858, and Jason D., born
May 24, i860. Benjamin Huston was elected Jus-
tice of the Peace in 1841, and held the office until
1865, when John was elected and now holds the
office. He has also held the office of Supervisor five
years, Town Clerk, one year, Deputy Sheriff, two
years, under Peter Fralick, besides other minor
offices.

Robert L. Huston was born November 7,
1833, in Canton, Michigan. His parents were John
and Laura Huston. John Huston came to Michi-
gan in 1827, moving his family here in 1833. His
wife Jane A., was born May 17, 1839 in Ann Ar-
bor, Michigan. Her parents Peter and Jane
Comer came to Michigan in 1838. Robert and
Jane (Comer) Huston were married July 17,
1856. Their children are as follows: Owen L..
born March 4, 1858; Annette Gertrude, born July
3, 1 861 ; Dwight M., born November 19, 1862 ; Ida
Adell, born February 2, 1865 ; Charles C, born
March 27, 1867; Leon V., born October 21, 1869 ;
Mary Jane, born June 15, 1873; Robert Newton,
born December 5, 1875; Clarence J., born May 19,
1 878. Robert was school director for one term.

Samuel H. Joslin, merchant and manufactur-
ing blacksmith of Sheldon's Corners, Canton,
Wayne County, Michigan, was born in Rochester,
New York, January 3, 1835. Samuel with his

parents, Nathaniel and Sophronia Joslin, came to
Dearborn Township, Wayne County, Michigan, in
1838. Nathaniel was by trade a blacksmith He
enlisted in the Ordnance Department of Arsenal at
Dearborn in 1842, serving until 1847. Nathaniel
and Sophronia Joslin were killed in an accident on
the M. C R. R., in 1852. Samuel learned his trade
of his father, working at it until 1859, when he
began farming. June 26, 1859, he married Lou-
vina A. Gardner, of Nankin, Michigan. Louvina
was born in 1840. They had two children; Clara
A., born June 9, i860, and May L , born June 16,
1865, and died in December, 1865. Samuel married
Lorena^ Parkhurst, of Ypsilanti, Michigan, on May
8, 1879. Lorena was born in Ypsilanti, April i,
1843 They have two children. Ada, born July 24,
1864, and Effa May, born July 20, 1868. In 1856
Samuel went West prospecting. In 1872 he came
to Sheldon's Corners and engaged in blacksmithing.
In 1878 he engaged in mercantile business at
Sheldon's Corners. In 1884 he was appointed
postmaster of Canton, holding the office until Sep-
teniber, 1885. He buys and sells $2,500 worth of
butter per month, and handles 1,000 dozens of eggs
per month. He is a member of the A. O. U. W.,
of Sheldons

Walter Kinghorn, of Canton, was born in
Alleghany County, New York, November 23,
1854. His parents, Alexander and Ann (Havens)
Kinghorn, were Americans. Alexander enlisted in
1862 as private in Company G.. 130 New York
Volunteers Infantry, and was killed at Cold Har-
bor in June, 1864. In 1865 Walter and his mother
came to Michigan. Walter married Leah Jose-
phine Wheelock, of Canton, on November, 4. 1880 ;
Leah was born in Canton, Michigan, December 14,
1849. Her parents, Andrew Jackson and Mary
Ann (Gregory) Wheelock were Eastern people,
coming to Michigan while it was yet a Territory,

James Lilley, of Canton, was born in England,
July 2, 181 5. He came to America in 1834, work-
ing in Detroit, Michigan. In 1836 he returned to
England. On July 23, 1838, he married Mary Ann
Lee,' of Yorkshire, England. Mary Ann was born
in Yorkshire, England, June 17, 181 7. After mar-
riage James and his wife came direct to Canton,
Wayne County, Michigan, where he purchased
forty acres of land. In 1846 he purchased forty
acres additional. Five children have been born,
Ann, Elizabeth, William, Jane and James, all of
whom are living.

Alford D. Lyndon, of Canton, son of Sam-
uel and Rebecca Lyndon was born in Canton,
Michigan, June 21, 185 1. Since 1866 he has had
charge of the stock department of his father's f^rm.
November 27, 1872, Alvord married Sarah M.
Butler, of Plymouth, Michigan, Sarah was born

PERSONAL SKETCHES- CANTON.

1389

in New York City. March 18, 1852. Her parents
were Jeremiah and Sarah Butler. Samuel Lyndon
died in 1888 In the Spring of 1888 Alford moved
to the old homestead for the purpose of making a
home for his mother. He has three children, Al-
ford S., born March 16, 1875; Mabel Pearl born
December 7, 1876 ; and Roy J., born February 7,

JOHM S. Lyon, of Canton, was born in Bethel,
New York, June i, 1831. He with his parents,
John W., and Rebecca Lyon, came to Michigan in
1838, locating in Canton. He married Ehzabeth J.
Smith, of Canton. Elizabeth was born in Canton,
February 14, 1840. Her parents were Alva J., and
Eunice Smith. John learned the carpenter's and
joiner's trade, working at it for several years. They
have had six children, Alva J.. George, William,
Rosa B., Mary A., and Minnie M. All living ex-
cept Alva J., who died September 14, 1864, aged
one year.

Rebecca Lyon, of Canton, was born in West-
ern Fairfield, Conn., June 26, 18 14. Her maiden
name was Fayer weather. October 10. 1830, Rq-
becca Fayerweather married John W. Lyon of
Bethel, New York. John was born in Fairfield,
Connecticut, September 10, 1807. They came to
Ypsilanti, Michigan, June 17, 1838, with two chil-
dren. In 1 86 1 John W., enlisted in Company F., 66
Illinois Volunteers as a private. He died April 26,
1862, from disease contracted in the army, leaving
eight children : John S., Samuel L., George,
Joseph B , Eliza J., Betsy C , Almira M., Mary R.
Those who have died are George, Almira M., and
Joseph P. Joseph P., enlisted in Company D.,
Fourth Michigan Cavalry, July 3, 1862, and was
taken prisoner and confined in Libby Prison for one
year, was then taken to some other prison and no
trace of him has ever been found. Mrs. Lyon has
adopted the following grandchildren : Rosa B.
Lyon, when she was four years old ; Mary, a sister
of Rosa, when she was three years old, and George,
their brother, when he was six years old.

Mrs. Alfred Moore, of Canton, was born in
Lima, New York. April 7, 1821. Her maiden
name was Louisa N. Rose. She, with her parents,
George and Nancy Rose came to Washtenaw
County, Michigan, in 1833. Nancy died Decem-
ber 8, 1848, aged forty-eight years. George died
in 1855, ^S^^ sixty-five years. Louisa N. Rose
married Alfred Moore, June 3, 1840. Alfred was
born in Orange County. New York, in 1802. In
1823 Alfred walked from Orange County, New
York, to Canton, Michigan, locating 440 acres of
land. He returned to New York after locating
this land, and in 1825 returned with his wife. His
first wife's name was Hannah Moore. She died in
1 848, leaving seven children ; Horton, Isabella,

Leona, Solon, Augusta, Eveline, and George, none
of whom are now living Louisa (R6se) Moore had
eleven children, Ruizah, Mary E., Addison J.,
Alfred M , Abbie J , Ellen V., Virgil L , Milton V ,
Edith A , Effie A., and Mina L. Ellen V., Milton
v., and Edith A., are dead. Alfred Moore died
February 8, 1880, aged seventy-eight years. Mrs.
Moore still lives on the homestead, the two young-
est children living with her.

Clark Mott, of Canton, Michigan, was born
September 21,1844, His parents, Adam R. and
Betsey Mott were Eastern people, coming to Michi-
gan in 1832. In 1839, Adam purchased 120 acres
of land which constitutes part of the farm Clark
now owns. Betsey died November 4, 1 860, aged
forty-six years. Adam R., died March 11,1886,
aged seventy-eight years. Clark married Rachel
Howson, of Canton, Michigan, November 4, 1868.
Rachel was born in Canada, January i, 1852. Her
parents John and Margaret O'Riley came to Can-
ton, Wayne County, Michigan, in 1865. They have
four children, Bertha S., born July 5, 1871 ; Bertel
G., born June 16, 1873; Edith C, born November
24. 1876; Floyd A., born August 13, 1881.

Mrs. Mary E. Nash, of Canton, was born in
Seneca. Ontario County, New York, May 4 1827.
Her parents were Isaac and Mary (Dodd) Corwin,
who came to Michigan in 1834. Mary E. Corwin
married Zenas Nash of Lodi, Michigan, April 20,
1847. Zenas was born in New York State, July 22,
1821. His parents Aaron and Mary Corwin came
to Michigan in 1836. Zenas and his wife lived in
Jackson County, Michigan, until 1854 when they
came to Canton, Michigan. Zenas died October
22, 1887, aged sixty-six years. They had five chil-
dren, Erford, born May 24, 1848; Edgar, born
June 19, 1850, died June 11, 1885 ; Ella, born July
21, 1852; Marian, born February n, 1857, died
August 22, 1886; John, born October 13, 1861.
John married Jessie M. Lever, of Canton, Decem-
ber 20, 1882. Jessie was born in Detroit, October
20, 1 860. John and Jessie have two children.

Mrs. John Packard, of Canton, was born in
Florida. New York, March 25, 1820. Her maiden
name was Diantha Hannan. Her parents William
and Fannie (Britton) Hannan came to Canton,
Michigan, in the spring of 1853, and purchased
eighty acres of land from the United States Govern-
ment. Diantha Hannan married John Packard of
Waterford, Wayne County, Michigan, August 12,
1840. John was born in Canada, September 4,
1818. His parents Willard and Sarah came to
Michigan in 1832. John Packard and wife came to
their present farm soon after their marriage. John
died May 20. 1886. Nine children were born :
Winslow H., born January 29, 1841, died Septem-
14, 1875 ; Florence A., born May 18, 1845 5 Preston,

I390

PERSONAL SKETCHES— CANTON.

born November 6, 1846; Silas J., born December
21, 1849, died January 2, 1876; Cynthia, born Oc-
tober 27, 1851 ; Mary B., born May 8, 1854 ; George,
born September 15, 1855, died September 24, 1862;
Martha, born April 17, 1858, died October i, 1875 ;
Elizabeth, born November 2, 1861. Winslow en-
listed in Company D, Fourth Michigan Cavalry, in
1862, and served as a soldier until 1865.

Alfred Riggs, of Canton, was born in State of
New York, May 23, 1832. His parents were Eli
and Mary (Soule) Riggs, who came to Michigan in
1852 with their family of nine children. Eli died
in 1859, aged 57, Mary died in 1866, aged sixty-six.
Alfred married Abigail Z. Menzer, Decem-
ber 28, 1854 Abigail was born in Lodi, Michigan,
November 8, 1835. Her parents George and An-
geline Menzer were Eastern people. George died in
1853, Angeline is still living. Mr. Riggs came to
Wayne County, Michigan, in i860. In 1863 he
built a large brick house and new barns. They had
five children, Mary A., born April 8, 1857; Frank
L., born August 26, 1859; Arthur E., born July 13,
1863 ; Dora A., born January 4, 1865, died May 14,
1871 ; Jennie M., born January 2, 1872. Frank L.,
married Ella Jones, of Canton, Michigan, April 5,
1882. Ella was born in Plymouth, Michigan, Janu-
ary 15, 1859. Frank is engaged with his father on
the farm. Mr. A. Riggs has been Treasurer of
Canton one year, and Director of School District
No. 2, of Canton and Van Buren.

Mrs. Eliza C. Robinson, of Canton, was born
in Canada, March 6, 1838. Her maiden name was
Eliza Cheney. Her parents John and Eliza (Thorn-
ton) Cheney, were from Ireland. John died in
1845 aged fifty, Eliza T., in 1850, aged thirty.
Mrs. Robinson, nde Cheney, came to Michigan in
1 83 1. Eliza Cheney married Hiram H. Robinson,
of Canton, Michigan, August 8. 1863. Hiram was
born in Elmira, New York, September 30, 1833,
and came to Michigan in 1837. Hiram being a
sawyer by trade was obliged to move from place to
place, but finally settled in Canton. Four children
were born to them: May S., born May 8, 1 864; William
E., born January 22, 1866 ; Mary L., born October 19,
1867 ; Sarah B., born September 14, 187 1. May and
Mary L.. have been engaged as teachers in the pub-
lic schools throughout the county for a number of
years. Mary L., married Wesley Baker, of Canton,
Michigan, February 9, 1887. Wesley died July 30,
1887, aged thirty-two. Mrs. Baker has one child
Ethel W. C, born December 25, 1887. They are
living with Mrs. Robinson.

Lorenzo Secord, of Canton, was born in
Clarence, Erie County, New York, July 19, 1817.
His parents Joshua and Lydia (Harris) Secord came
to Michigan with his family of four children,^Janu-
ary, 1821, locating in Detroit. Lydia died at Adrian,

in 1876, aged eighty-one. The father died in Van
Buren, Wayne County, April, 185 1, aged sixty-
seven. Lorenzo learned the trade of millwright of
his father. On April 25, 1841, he married Mary
Smith, of Penfield, Monroe County, New York.
Mary was born in Penfield, New York, May 2, 1818.
Her parents were John and Sally Smith. After
his marriage Lorenzo purchased a farm in Unadilla,
Michigan, living there until 1848, when he came to
Canton, Wayne County, Michigan. They have
seven children: Sarah J., born March 4, 18^2 ; John
M., born May 23, 1844; Sylvester A., born Novem-
ber 19, 1846; Frank A., born May 22, 1851 ;
Charles P., born December 3, 1856; Mary E., born
July 9, 1859; Delbert M., born December 14, i860,
died September 4, 1861. Mr. Secord held office of
Constable and Treasurer. He is a member of
Myrtle Lodge, No. 89, F. <& A. M., of Belleville.

Joseph Seymour, of Canton, was born in
East Cottingworth, England, December 25, 1818.
In 1843, Joseph married Ann Wiles, of East Cot-
tingworth, England. In 1844 they came to Canada,
remained there until 1853, when they came to Can-
ton, Michigan, purchasing forty acres of land.
Ann (Wiles) Seymour died October 18, 1870, aged
fifty-five years. They had six children: Mary
Jane, Sarah Ellen, Ann, Josephine, Walter and
George. On April 19, 1871, Joseph married Sarah
Ann Kinghorn, of Ypsilanti, Michigan. Sarah
Ann was born November 3, 1827. They have no
children.

Charles Shipton, of Canton, was born in
Sternsville, Massachusetts, March 21, i860. His
parents George and Mary (Hoyt) Shipton were
English people, coming to America in 1858. In
1868 George with his family came to Rawsonville,
Wayne County, Michigan, being engaged in the
woolen mills at that place. Charles worked in the
mill with his father. In 1882 George and his
family excepting Charles went to Dakota. July 4.
1880, Charles married Hattie McKinstry of Canton.
Hattie was born in Canton, Michigan, September
4, 1 861. Her parents Andrew and Maria Mc-
Kinstry, are residents of Canton, Michigan. Mr.
and Mrs. Shipton have one child, Mabel, born
November 3, 1881.

Henry Sitlington, of Canton, was born in
Stone House, England, June 26, 1812. He was
apprenticed to a millwright when ten years old
and served until seventeen years old. In 1829 he
came to Canada remaining there until 1835.
While in Canada he learned the carpenter's and
joiner's trade. In 1836 he came to Ypsilanti,
Michigan. In 1839 he married Frances Smith of
Canton. Frances was born in England in 181 5.
By this marriage there were eight children. Wm.
Henry, Mary E. G. Oliver, Alfred A., Diana B.,

PERSONAL SKETCHES-CANTON.

I39I

Hannah C, Anna M. and Henry. Wm. H. and
Henry are dead. Frances (Smith) Sitlington died
in 1856. In 1858 Henry married Frances E. Lil-
ley of Canton. Frances was born in England, June
5, 1838. She came to America in 1854. They
have seven children : Sarah Jane, Edward A.,
George H., Frances M., Charlotte and Robert,
Charlotte married James H. Phillips in June, 1887,
and died April 13, 1888, aged twenty-two years.
She left a son, Harry F. S. Phillips, who is with
her parents.

Charles H. Smith, of Canton, was born
in Van Buren, Wayne County, February i, 1859.
His parents were Chas. W. and Jane (Barton)
Smith and are residents of Van Buren. Chas. re-
mained at home until twenty-one years of age,
when he purchased 100 acres of land in Canton, it
being known as a part of the Cotton farm. He
married Ida R. Huston of Canton, Michigan, Octo-
ber 25, 1882. Ida was born in Canton, February 2,
1865. Her parents Robert L. and Jane Ann
(Comer) Huston are prosperous farmers of Canton.
They have no children.

John E. Smith, of Canton, was born in Can-
ton on the farm he now owns, March 17, 1854.
His parents are George T. and Elizabeth (jDuffey)
Smith. John remained at home until his eigh-
teenth year. He then went to Saginaw, Michigan,
working in a saw-mill, and afterwards engaged in
railroading on the F. & P. M. R. R. and M. C. R R.
until the spring of 1884. April 16, 1884 he mar-
ried Minnie Wilkinson, of Ypsilanti township,
Michigan. Her parents Isaac and Emily Wilkin-
son are residents of Ypsilanti. Minnie was born in
South Lyon, April 7, 1857. They have two child-
ren : Byron J., born April 7, 1886, Emmet, born
June 16, 1888.

John W. Smith, of Canton township was
born in Van Buren, June 13, 1866. His parents
are Charles W. and Jane (Barton) Smith and are
residents of Van Buren. John was at home until
the spring of 1888. On March 27, 1888, he mar-
ried Carrie C. Packard, of Ypsilanti, Michigan.
Carrie was born iu Romulus, Michigan, January
21, 1 87 1. Her parents were Winslow and Sarah
(McKinstry) Packard. Winslow^ died September
16, 1876, aged 33 years; Sarah is slill living. Soon
after their marriage John and his wife came to live
on the farm they now occupy.

John J. Tait, of Nankin, Michigan, was born
in Dearborn, Michigan, January 8, 1856. His par-
ents, John and Elizabeth (Slyphield) Tait, were
English people. John died April 12, 1888, aged 71
years. John J. remained at home until he was six-
teen years old and then began working for himself.
In 1880 he had saved enough to buy an interest
in a portable saw-mill, George Proctor being his

partner. They engaged in the lumber business
two years in the town of Salem and then came to
Canton and purchased what was known as the
"Mann 80," erecting a large mill, boarding house
and necessary barns. July 3, 1885, fire destroyed
their mill, nothing being saved but the engine. In
1 886 fire destroyed their barns and carriage house,
nothing saved. In spring of 1887 fire destroyed
their boarding house, but they saved one-fourth of
the contents. The amount of lumber sawed annu-
ally was 500,000 feet, the oak timber going to the
Car Works and the soft woods to the Michigan
School Furniture Company and Frost Wooden
Ware Works of Detroit. They give employment to
twelve men. Mr. Tait attends to the financial part
of the business, the buying and selling of the logs
and lumber, Mr. Procter superintending the mill.

C. B. Trues DELL, of Canton, general farmer
and importer of thoroughbred horses, was born in
Canton, August 6, 1844. His parents, Erastus and
Cholista Truesdell, came to Michigan in 1834, locat-
ing in Canton. Cholista died in 1882, aged sixty-
seven years ; Erastus died in 1885, aged eighty-three
years. On May 29th, 1866, C. B. Truesdell married
Harriet Smock, of Van Buren. Harriet was born in
New York, July 21, 1844. Her parents, Charles and
Elizabeth Smock, came from New York to Michi-
gan in 1845, locating in Van Buren township, where
they are still living. They have five children :
Carrie, born February 18, 1867 ; Bert, born October
28, 1875; Roy, born September 20, 1877; Samuel,
born October 12, 1880; Frank, born July 11, 1883.
Mr. Truesdell purchased the farm he now owns
prior to his marriage. In 1 880, he purchased an im-
ported Clyde stallion, and has since added (by direct
importation) two each of English Shire and Cleve-
land bays. He has twenty head of horses aside from
these on his farm, and keeps from six to ten milch
cows.

Deforest Truesdell, of Canton, Michigan,
was born in Van Buren, Wayne Co., Michigan, June
26, i860. His parents, Lewis and Eveline (Stew-
art) Truesdell, were Eastern people. Lewis was a
soldier in the War of the Rebellion, and was killed
at the battle of Winchester. Eveline died in 1873,
aged thirty-eight years. On January i, 1878, De-
Forest married Eleanor Berdan. of Canton. Eleanor
was born in Canton, Michigan. May 18, 1853. Her
parents are Geope and Cynthia Berdan, who are liv-
ing in Canton. In 1873 DeForest came to Wayne
County, Michigan, to live with his uncle, Ephraim
Truesdell, living with him until his marriage. In
1880, he purchased the farm he now owns. They
have three children, Ella M., born October 12. 1878 ;
Mary E., born February 12, 1883, and a boy, born
May 25, 1888.

Henry P. Truesdell, of Canton, was born in

1392

PERSONAL SKETCHES— CANTON.

Canton, July 17, 1836. His parents, Erastus and
Cholista (Mary) Truesdell, came to Michigan in 1836.
Cholista died in 1882, aged sixty-seven years;
Erastus died in 1885, aged eighty-three years.
January i, 1861, Henry married Martha H. Mc-
Kinstry, of Canton. Martha was born October 31,
1838. Her parents, Archibald and Mary (Adams)
McKinstry, came to the United States in 1834.
Archibald died October 23, 1884, aged seventy-two
years; Mary died May 12, 1885, aged seventy-five
years. November 9, 1865, Henry purchased one
hundred and eight acres of his present farm. They
have three children : Elmer Erastus, born February
16, 1865; William A., born May 18, 1869; George
H., born December 17, "1872. Mr. Truesdell is a
general farmer and stock raiser.

William S. Truesdell, of Canton, was born
in Barry, near Albion, New York. December 5,
1830. He, with his parents, Erastus and Cholista
(Mary) Truesdell, came to Michigan in 1834. locat-
ing in Canton township. Cholista died in 1882, aged
sixty-seven years; Erastus died in 1885, aged eighty-
three years. November 14, 1859, William married
Sarah R. Nagge, of Canton. Sarah was born in
Raisinville, Monroe County, Michigan, November
13, 1835. Her parents, James and Clarissa Nagge,
were of Michigan birth. Clarissa died in 1848. aged
thirty-nine years. James was a soldier of the Black
Hawk and Patriot War, and is credited with the
capture of the chief, Black Hawk. He is still living
with his daughter Sarah, and is eighty years of age,
and, with the exception of being blind, is in general
good health.

William Tyley, of Canton, was born in Eng-
land in 1822. He came to Michigan in 1832. In
1840 he purchased the farm he now owns, clearing
it himself. Subsequently he purchased forty acres
more, and now has a fine farm of eighty acres under
cultivation.

Richard West, of Canton, was born in Ire-
land, July 24, 1826. October 22, 1848, Richard
married Jane Jones, of Ireland. Jane was born
October 2, 1822. In July, 1850, Richard, his wife
and only child, Deborah, sailed for America. Sep-
tember 29, 1850, they landed in Montreal, Canada.
They came West to Superior, Washtenaw County,
and purchased ninety acres of land, living here for
thirteen years. In 1863, they came to Canton,
Wayne County, Michigan, purchasing one hundred
and sixty-five acres. Their children are Deborah,
Joseph, Elizabeth, Mary Ellen, Jennie, William,
Jerome, and Nettie. Jerome died May 27, 1881,
aged eighteen years. Joseph and William are con-
ductors on Detroit street car lines.

P. S. Westfall, of Canton, was born in
Phelps, Ontario County, New York, April i, 1822.
His parents, Peter and Abigail (Brink) Westfall,

with a family of four children came to Plymouth,
Wayne County, Michigan, in September, 1835.
Peter died in Plymouth Michigan, February 20,
1848, aged sixty-three years. Abigail died Septem-
ber 3, 1870, aged seventy-eight years. April 2,
1846, Mr. Westfall married Lydia Knapp, of Salem!
Michigan Lydia was born in New York State,
June 7, 1828. Her parents. Harry and Siless
(Simons) Knapp came to Michigan in 1834. After
his marriage Mr. Westfall lived in Plymouth,
Michigan, until 1851. He then moved to Lyon,
Oakland County, Michigan, living here until the
Spring of 1866, when he moved to Canton, Wayne
County, Michigan. They have two children,
Charles, born November 5, 1852, and Ada, born
January 18, i860. Charles is a druggist at Ithaca,
Michigan Ida married Dr. E. F. Holmes of
Canton.

John P. Wiest, of Canton, Michigan, was born
in Ontario County, New York, May 16, 1835. His
parents were William and Amelia (Culver) Wiest.
William was born August 5, 1803; Amelia was
born November 21, 1810. They came to Michigan
in June, 1836. William located the farm John now
has, in 1840 William died September 19, 1885,
aged ^hty-two years. Amelia is living with her
son, John. February 18, 1872, John married Mary
Shackelton, of Canada. Mary was born in Canada,
September 19, 1848. They have three children:
Hattie J., born January 16, 1873; John J., born No-
vember 19, 1875, and Francis J., born May 23, 1888.
He is assessor of School District No. 2 of Canton.

James Wiles, of Canton, was born in York-
shire, England, August 5, 1824. His parents were
William and Ellen Wiles. William died in 1858,
aged eighty; Ellen died in 1866, aged ninety.
James came to America In 1884, coming to Canton,
Michigan, and working at his trade, that of a mason.
On August 5, 1850 he married Ann Jane Mc-
Kinstry of Van Buren, Michigan. Ann was born
in Ireland, June 16, 1832. Her parents Archibald
and Mary (Adams) McKinstry came to Michigan
in 1834, settling m Van Buren, taking land from
the government. Archibald died in 1884, aged
seventy-two; Mary died in 1885, aged seventy-five.
In 1850 Mr. Wiles purchased forty acres in Canton,
and has since added to his farm until he now has
1 50 acres. The children are : PYancis W., born June
17, 1851 ; Mary Ellen, born August 11, 1853. died
June 5, 1863; Sarah Jane, born January 8, 1856;
Betsey Ann, born June 5, 1859; James A , born
March 22. 1862; George A., born October 24,
1865 ; Edward I., born June 20, r868, died August
17, 1875.

Zen AS H. Winsor, postmaster of Canton, was
born in Chautauqua County, New York, July 8,
1830. In 1856 he came to Van Buren, Michigan,

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DEARBORN.

1393

where he worked at his trade, that of wagon and
carriage making for about three years. He then
engaged in surveying, with George Lamson of De-
troit, in Saginaw and Bay counties. After this he
returned to Canton at that time called Sheldon's
corners built a shop and worked at his trade. In
1 86 1 he went to California prospecting and return-
ed in the fall of 1862. In the spring of 1863 he went
to Nevada and kept a station on a mail route for
the exchange of horses. This station was at Spring

Valley. In the fall of 1865 he returned to Sheldons,
Michigan. On January i, 1868, he married Sarah
Simpson of Canton, Michigan. Sarah was born in
Canton, February 26, 1840. In 1877 Mr. Winsor
engaged in general merchandise which he still con-
tinues. On October i, 1885, he was appointed
postmaster of Canton. They have two children :
Frank, born December 21, 1868, and Clark, born
February 15, 1871.

DEARBORN ,

John Black, of Dearborn, was born in Scot-
land, May 9, 1844 His parents were natives of
Scotland. His father died there in 1886, iiis mother
still lives in that country. John came to America
in 1 87 1, locating upon his present farm. He mar-
ried January 30, 1883, Alexina McCallum of Liver-
pool. Her parents were, . born in Scotland. They
have three children.

John Cosbey was born in Ireland in 1820. He
came to America in 1843, and settled at Herkimer,
New York, clerking in a general store. He came to
Dearborn in 1850, and married Mary Campbell of
Dearborn, in 1852. They have six children. He
has been Supervisor, two terms, Treasurer, two
terms, Justice of the Peace, eight years and is still in
office. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity.
He enlisted in the United States Army in 1850, was
detailed as clerk in the Detroit Arsenal, and held
that position fifteen years. He held the same posi-
tion as civilian ten years, then when the arsenal was
discontinued in 1875, he was appointed custodian of
it, holding that position three years, making a con-
tinuous term of twenty-eight years.

Henry Dittmer was born in Germany, Feb-
ruary 20, 1827. He came to America in 1881, and
settled upon a farm in Dearborn. He married Miss
Annie Lukins of his native town. They have six
children, Annie, Minnie, John, Emma, Lena and
Frederick.

Andrew J. Dort was born at Dearborn, Jan-
uary 9, 1837. He married Lydia S. Wisner, of
Dearborn, January i, 1857. Seven children were
born to them. Mrs. Dort died July 17, 1885 Mr.
Dort has been School Assessor about twenty years.
He is largely engaged in market gardening

John Gardner, farmer of Dearborn, was
born on the farm where he resides, November 14,
1844. His parents were born in England, and
came to America in 1828, locating at Dearborn,
At the death of his father James purchased the
homestead of 80 acres of land. He married No-

vember 29, 1883, Jennie Flaherty of Barrie, On-
tario, who died April 6, 1885. He is engaged in
raising English draft horses and fine live stock.
He is a school director.

William M. Holton, merchant of Dearborn
was born September 21, 1847, in Ireland. His father
died when William was two years of age. His
mother, with her family, came to America in 1849.
In 1855 they came to Michigan. She died in
1872. William, when twenty-one years of age, en-
tered the Normal School at Ypsilanti, and after-
wards the Detroit Business College, from which he
graduated in 1869. He was clerk in a store until
1875. when he began business for himself. On
January 2, 1871 he married Anna M. McPherson,
of Dearborn, who was born March 20, 1848.
Four children were born to them : Gertrude, Wil-
liam, Charles and Don M. Dickinson. Mr. Holton
has been Justice of the Peace since July 1875, and
post master four years and is now deputy.

Edgar Howard, retired farmer of Dearborn,
was born in Bristol County, Massachusetts, April
8, 1822. His parents came to Michigan in 1836
locating at Dearborn, and afterwards bought the
farm now occupied by Edgar. When he was
twenty-one years of age, Edgar was employed on the
railroad, which position he retained sixteen years,
when he returned to the farm, and a few years after-
wards was appointed Superintendent of the County
House. Has been town treasurer three years. Jus-
tice of the Peace four years, and Highway Commis-
sioner. He married Nancy A. Van Alstine, of Nan-
kin, in 1843. She was born in Genesee County,
New York, September, 1822. They had seven
children.

Shephard L. Howard, farmer of Dearborn,
was born in Massachusetts. He came with his
parents to Dearborn in 1836. For ten years he
was employed by railroad companies as fireman and
engineer. He enlisted August, 1 862, in the Twenty-
fourth Michigan Infantry, Company D, as private.

1394

PERSONAL SKETCHES-DEARBORN— DETROIT.

He was in the battles of ist and 2d Fredericks-
burg, Fitzhugh's Crossing, Mine Run, Wilderness,
Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor, where he was
wounded. He re-enlisted in 1864 as First Lieutenant
in the Twenty-fourth Michigan, Company K, and
was mustered out June 30, 1865 He married in
April 1865, Irene Allen of Dearborn, whose parents
came from England, July i, 1836. Four children
were born to Mr. and Mrs. Howard. He has been
town treasurer, also held other offices.

George McCormick was born at Dearborn,
February 19, 1836. His parents came to Michigan
in 1829. He married January 9, 1878, Anna Robb
of Van Buren, who died April 25, 1886.

Bernard H. Magoonaugh was born March
II, 1842, at Dearborn, Michigan. He enlisted in
the Fifteenth United States Infantry in 1861, and
served three years, when he was wounded at the
battle of Shiloh or Pittsburgh Landing. He served
under Generals Buell, Grant, Sherman, and Thomas.
He re-enlisted March 17, 1865, and was stationed
at the Detroit Arsenal. While firing a salute on the
day of President Lincoln's funeral, by the premature
discharge of one of the guns, he lost both hands.
He was appointed Custodian of the Detroit Arsenal,

June 17, 1885, by President Cleveland, and still holds
the position.

Cyrus Randall, of Dearborn, was born June
24, 1 82 1, in New York State. His parents were of
New York birth and came to Michigan in 1832.
He married Caroline Downing of Nankin. He
owned at one tim^ forty acres of land at Romulus,
where he lived a short time. He returned to Nankin
and purchased sixty acres of land. Nine children
were born to them.

Samuel Reed was born in Ireland in 1829.
He married Mary Smith in 1844, who was also
born in Ireland. They have five children. They
came to America in 1845, ^^id located at Dearborn
in 1 85 1. He enlisted in 1863 in the Twenty-fourth
Michigan, and was with the regiment in all its en-
gagements. He is a member of the Masonic Fra-
ternity. He is a general contractor for digging wells,
fencings, etc.

Archibald Robinson, was born at Aberdeen,
Scotland, December 10, 1810. He came to Ame-
ica in 1832, locating at Dearborn in 1833. He
married Sarah Wood worth, at Dearborn, in 1850.
They have an adopted son. Mr. Robinson has been
Pathmaster and Assessor for several years.

DETROIT.

Samuel Abernethy was born at Detroit in
1838. His father was born at Colchester, England,
and his mother in Ireland ; they w^ere married in
Canada and came to Detroit in 1837. His father
engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes,
and died in 1853, leaving a widow and eight chil-
dren. Samuel learned the tin and sheet iron trade,
and worked as journeyman for several years. In
1869 he engaged in the hardware business, and in
1877 purchased his present store on Grand River
Avenue. He married Margaret Hopkin, of Detroit,
in 1864. She was born in Scotland, and died in
1887, leaving one daughter, Jennie Belle.

Walter M. Adams, was born in Vermont in
1852, when a child went with his parents to Wor-
cester, Massachusetts, and there he learned the
tinsmith's trade, and plumbing business. He mar-
ried Adella E. Whipple, of Douglass, Massachu-
setts, in 1872. They settled in Detroit in 1876,
where he found employment as journeyman at his
trade. In 1886 he became one of the firm of C. J.
L. MacLeod & Company on Woodward Avenue,
dealers in hardware and house furnishing goods.
Mr. and Mrs. Adams have five children, Edna M.,
Ethel L., Lewis L., Walter C. and William Waugh.
Mr. Adams's parents are natives of Vermont, his

mother died in 1857. There were but two children,
Walter M. and Mary F., now Mrs. William Waugh.

Albert W. Allen, son of Amos and Margaret
(Hicks) Allen, was born in Schoolcraft, Kalamazoo
County, Michigan, December 29, 1848. Mr. Allen
learned the molder's trade in Detroit, which he
followed for five years. In 1873 he engaged as
clerk in a drug store with Comfort Bros., in Detroit.
In 1875 Mr. Allen opened his drug store on Grand
River Avenue as one half owner of the firm of
Comfort Bros., becoming after a time sole owner.
He is now the pioneer druggist of Grand River
Avenue. He is putting on the market some very
valuable cough syrup, and is part owner of the
barque "Francis Palms." He married Carrie Whita-
ker, of Detroit, in 1879. They have one son, Wil-
lard B. Amos, the father of Albert, enlisted in the
Thirteenth Michigan Regiment with his two sons,
Joseph N. and James M. James died in service at
the hospital. Frances, now Mrs. Reilley, Joseph
N., Rebecca, now Mrs. West, and Albert W., are
still living.

Ferdinand Amos, son of Jacob and Barbara
Amos, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1 840,
and came to America with his parents in 1848.
Jacob died in 1849, leaving a widow and four

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1395

children, Ferdinand, Barbara, Caroline and Jacob
Jr. The widow died in 1881. Jacob, Jr., served in
the war in the i6th Regiment. Barbara is now
Mrs. Rosman and CaroHne is now Mrs. Ramsay.
Ferdinand became proprietor of the Amos House
in 1875. His hotel accommodates fifty guests. He
married Martha Bristol, of Flint, in 1868. She
died Sept. 30, 1880, leaving three sons, Frederick,
Charles and Walter. He married Rose Couls, in
October, 1882. They have two daughters, Grace
and Edith.

Underwood Armstrong, a master builder
and contractor, was born at Stockton-on-Teese,
England, in 1834. He was the son of Wm. Arm-
strong. He learned the carpenter's and joiner's
trade. He married Sarah Breckon, of Yorkshire,
England, and emigrated to America, settling in
Detroit in 1855, working at his trade until i860,
when he engaged in contract building, and has been
very successful, employing from 75 to 125 men.
Mr. Armstrong has built many of the prominent
buildings in Detroit. He has two children, Arthur
R., born in 1858, and Lillian F. Mr. Armstrong is
a great lover of the English game of cricket, and
has the honor of being one of the picked eleven of
America.

Wm. H. Anderson, of the firm of W. H. An-
derson & Son, manufacturers of stonecutter's tools
and supplies, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in
1837. He received a liberal education and learned
the tool and smithing trade. In 1856 he emigrated
to America, spending some time in New York
State. He settled in Detroit in 1861, working as a
journeyman at his trade. In 1865 he became
mastersmith at Fort Wayne, in the employ of the
government, remaining three years. In 1868 he
went to Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1870 he returned to
Detroit and founded his present manufacturing
business, purchasing a lot and erecting his factory
and smith shop, of 40x106 feet, and three stories
high, at Nos. Hand 16 Macomb Street, In 1886 his
son. James D. Anderson, was admitted as partner.
Wm. Anderson married Janet McVittie in 1863.
She was born in Scotland, and died in 1865, leaving
one son, James D., who was born in 1864. Wm.
Anderson married Elizabeth McVittie in 1871.
They have three children, William R., Gilbert J..
and Mary M.

Charles Appelt, son of Wenzel and Caroline
Appelt, was born in Hartzdorf, Austria, in 1847.
His parents came to Detroit in 1850 with five chil-
dren. Mr. Appelt died in 1855, leaving six children,
Amelia, Charles, Wenzel, Jr., Edward, and Emil
(born in America). Charles built a steam flour
mill in 1877, on the lot owned by his father and in
1879 erected the present mill, 40x60 and three stor-
ies high, with 60 horse-power and capacity of 100

barrels per day, which is one of the most complete
in the state. Mr. Charles Appelt married Emma
Hoffman of Austria, in Detroit, in 1879. They
have two children, Ella and Charlotte Bertha. Be-
fore he entered the flour business he was engaged
in 1869 in the picture frame trade, and in 1871 in
real estate. In 1880 he was elected Alderman in
the 9th Ward, and in 1882 in the loth Ward.

Charles G. Baier was born in Detroit in 1850.
His parents came to Detroit in 1841. His father
was a merchant tailor, who died in 1872, leaving a
widow and five children, three of whom are living,
Charles G., William, and Edwin; two of them
served in the War in 1 86 1. Charles clerked in a
drug store from 1863 to 1872, when he engaged in
business for himself. He married Amelia Ek, of
Cincinnati, Aug. 13, 1884. They have one child.

William M. Bailey was born at Eaton Rapids,
Mich , in 1845. His father was born in New York
in 18 II, and his mother in Vermont; they were
married at Troy, Mich., in 1833. William entered
the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College and
graduated in 1868. He settled in Mason, Ingham
Co., Mich., in 1870, He spent three or four years in
California, practiced at Lansing, Mich., and then
settled at Detroit in 1877 where he has a fine prac-
tice. In 1878 he was president of the State Medical
Society, and is now secretary and president of the
Detroit Medical Society. He married Miss Lucy
Stead of Cleveland, O,, in 1869, they have two sons
Benjamin and Edwin.

George Baker was born in Hampshire, Eng.,
on Dec. 28, 18 14. After reaching manhood he en-
listed and served seven years in the British Army,
his company was transferred to Montreal, Canada,
where he served four years in the Artillery. He
was discharged Dec. 31, 1846, and in 1850 came to
Detroit in the employ of the Michigan Central
R. R. In 1857 he was engaged in the grocery busi-
ness on Michigan Ave. He married Mary Mac-
Donald, of Detroit, Nov. 16, 1849. She died on
Aug. 22, 1883, leaving two children. In connec-
tion with his other business Mr. Baker was engaged
in gardening. He has now retired from active
business life.

Frederick J. Barbier was born in France in
November, 1831. He is the son of Frederick and
Elizabeth (Zeigler) Barbier, who came to America
and settled at Detroit in 1848. The mother died in
1852. His father married a second wife, by whom
he had three children. Frederick J. learned the ma-
chanist trade, and in 1865 engaged in saw filing and
repairing. In 1871 he was appointed Justice of the
Peace, was elected on the Republican ticket in
1879, county collector. In 1880 was appointed
deputy sheriff which position he resigned in 1881,
when he engaged in the hardware business on

1396

PERSONAL SKETCHES-DETROIT.

Croghan St. He married Margaret Giiilloz of De-
troit, in 1859 ; she was born in France.

Christian Baumann, manufacturer of arti-
ficial limbs, trusses and surgical instruments, was
born at Frankfort on the Main, Germany, in 1841.
His parents came to America in 1843 and settled
at Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Baumann learned his
trade at Philadelphia, was foreman nine years of
the factory, and in 1868 engaged in business for
himself. In 1874 came to Detroit, and formed a
partnership with Joseph Foster, an artificial limb
manufacturer. After Mr. Foster's death in 1882,
Mr. Baumann succeeded to the business. When but
16 years of age he married Anna Mackin. They
have four children.

Richard Beaubien, son of John and Cecilia
(Beauyear) Beaubien, was born in Detroit in 1821.
John B. was born in 17S4 and died in 1824. He
left a widow and six children, one son and five
daughters. Richard resided with his mother and
stepfather at Ecorce for several years, engaged in
various occupations. He afterwards opened a
grocery store on the River Road and continued it
for many years. In 1876 Mr. Beaubien engaged in
the ice business, having storage capacity for 3,000
tons, he has now room for 25,000 tons. In 185 1 he
married Julia Ann Abbott, who died, leaving one
son, Samuel A. Mr. Beaubien married Frances
Cocklean in 1868. They have two children,
Josepha and Edna. Mr. Beaubien has been a
member of the Board of Estimates for several
years.

John Beattie was born in the county of Ty-
rone, Ireland, in 1837. His parents, Robert and
Mattatha (Robinson) Beattie, came to America in
1848, and settled at Detroit. They had ten child-
ren, Mary A.. Margaret, Eliza, Jane, John, Mattie,
James and Alexander. The father was born in
1802 and died in 1868. The mother was born in
1807 and died in 1880. John Beattie is by trade a
mason, learning his trade from his father. He con-
tinued in the business, giving employment to ten
or fifteen hands, until 1883 He then retired and
established a grocery and general supply store, on
Grand River avenue, in a building erected by him-
self. He married Phebe Jane Woodworth, of
Springwells, Wayne Co., in 1869. They have
seven children, Jane, Alice, Cora, Robert, Alfred,
Howard, and John.

Peter Beer, son of Samuel and Elizabeth
(Marsh) Beer, was born in Williamsport, Pa., in
1823. He learned the carpenter's trade in 1847,
and in 1852 he became contractor on»the Pennsyl-
vania Central R. R., and built the tunnel in 1855.
In 1856 he came to Detroit as foreman for An-
drews, James & Co., and from 1857 to 1862 was
engaged on various railroads. In 1862 he engaged

in the match manufacturing for D. M. Richardson
in 1864 he was made superintendent, when they
gave employment to 400 persons. In 1875 the
business was organized as the Richardson Match
Co. Mr. Beer resigned in 1878 and joined the firm
of B. M. Gardner in Chicago. They were burned
out, and returning to Detroit Mr. Beer became
supenntendent for the D. M. Richardson Co and
erected the Union Match Factory, corner Standish
and Twenty-first Streets, where they employ ico
persons. Mr. Beer married Nancy J. McFariand
of Pennsylvania, in 1852. Their children are : Ida
M Laura A., Isadore, Edward, fames and Charles
John L. Beham was born at Flint, Mich., in
1854. He learned the machinist's trade, became
anengmeer and later on master mec hanic of the
Toledo, Peoria & Western R. R., and held several
important positions in his profession, which he
abandoned in 1887 to engage in the retail grocery
busmess. In 1886 he married Julia Collins, of De-
troit, they have one child, Nina. Miss Collins was
pnncipal of the Conservatory of Music, and is the
daughter of John Collins Mr. Beham's parents
John B. and Ellen (Dorham) Beham, were born at
Black Wood, Ireland, and were married at Flint
Mich. His father died in Feb. 1887.

The present firm of BehrBros., dealers in wool
and hides, was formed in 1887 as successors to
Otto C. Behr and Frank Rothenberg. who began
their business connection in 1876 and dissolved in
1887. Otto C. Behr was born at Ann Arbor,
Mich., 1855, his brother Gustave F., was born in
the same city in 1859. Otto C. received his educa-
tion at the German Seminary and Gustave gradu-
ated from Ann Arbor University.

Jacob Beller was born in Diessbach, Oberamt
Conolfinger, Switzeriand, May 10, 1824: He came
to America in August, 1844, clerked in a grocery
at Rochester, N. Y.. and in 1847 engaged in busi-
ness. In 1870 he purchased property on State St.,
Detroit, and in 1875 purchased his present business
on Jefferson Ave., where he built bath houses and
engaged in boating. He was married at Roches-
ter, N. Y., in 1847 to Janet Allan, who was born in
Scotland. They have had four children, Jacob,
Jessie, John and Marion. His wife died ini86i.
He married his second wife, by whom he had one
son. Fred. His son, Jacob Beller Jr., was admitted
to the bar, engaged in the practice of law, and died
in California.

John P. Benoit. son of John P. and Emily
Bogardus, was born in France in 1835 His par-
ents settled in Detroit in i860 with a family of eight
children. The father was born in 1799 and died in
1875; the mother died in 1870. Five of the chil-
dren are now living, Emily, Charies, John P.,
Sophia, and Eliza. John P. established his present

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1397

business on his coming to Detroit and now has a
foundry at 245 to 255 Croghan St., where he manu-
factures the compound engine and all classes of
machinery. Mr Benoit married Louisa Winey in
1865. They have a family of nine children.

Albert E. Bigelow, son of William C. and*
Sarah A. (Prindle) Bigelow, was born in Redford,
Wayne Co., Mich, in 1840. His father was born
in New York in 181 5, settled in Redford in 1837
and married in 1838. They have three children,
Albert E.. Marion, now Mrs. G.W. Reed, and Louis.
Albert spent his boyhood in attending school in
Detroit and upon his father's farm until the outbreak
of the W^ar with the South when he enlisted in the
24th Mich, under Col Morrow for three years He
was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, then
taken prisoner, but soon released. He was mus-
tered out with his Regiment at Detroit and returned
to farming until 1868 when he settled in Detroit
and engaged in the lumber trade, the firm being
W C. & A. E. Bigelow. In 1869 Albert became
sole proprietor locating first corner Cass and Bag-
ley, subsequently corner Grand River Ave. and i"6th
St., purchasing his lot 360x105 in 1885 at $15 per
foot. Mr. Bigelow married M J. Ashcroft of Red-
ford, in 1869. She died in 1875, leaving one son,
Charles A. He then married Lucia Pierce in 1876,
who died in 1878. In 1883 he married Lydia
Houk of Detroit. They have two children, Fred
E. and Althea M.

Patrick Blake was born in Dublin, Ireland on
Nov. 5, 1833. He is the son of John and Catherine
(McKune) Blake. The family came to Montreal,
Canada, in 1834, where the father died in 1840,
leaving a widow and four children, John, Patrick,
Eliza, and Edwin. The sons learned the shoe-
maker's trade. Patrick found employment at De-
troit and the family moved here in 1849. In 1851
he opened a shop and made a speciality of dress
shoes, but sold out in 1856. In i860 he engaged
in the furniture business, employing some 30 or 40
hands ; in 1865 he added the undertaking business,
and in 1870 relinquished the furniture business. He
purchased his present place of business on Abbott
St. in 1884. He married Eliza O'Rafferty in 1855 ;
she was born in Ireland. They have ten children
In 1865 Mr. Blake was elected trustee of Mt. El-
liott Cemetery and held the office ten years. He
was appointed superintendent of the poor in Wayne
Co in 1885 and reappointed in 1889. He, with two
brothers, John and Edwin, enlisted in the army dur-
ing the last war, John died at Fort Donaldson, and
Edwin at the Illinois hospital.

Michael Blay, son of Akin and Hester Blay
was born in Mt. Clemens, Macomb Co., Mich.,
April 10, 1827. Mr. Akin Blay was born in Can-
ada and served in the War of 181 2 in the American

Army and afterwards he engaged in farming at Mt.
Clemens until his death. They had 14 children, 7
of whom are living. His widow died at the age of
98. The sons David and Clement served in the
War with the South. Michael learned the mason
and building business thoroughly and has erected
many of the leading buildings of the city, D. M.
Ferry's seed store, Detroit Savings Bank and Pull-
man Car Shops being amongst the number. Mr. Blay
married Agnes Bordeneau in 1 848, she died leaving
one daughter, Caroline. In 1856 he married
Phoebe Dupuis. They had twelve children, five of
whom are living. Mr. Blay was a member of the
Board of Estimates in the nth Ward. He erected
his residence, cor. of Napoleon and Rivard, in 1851.

August Bloink was born in Westphalia,
Germany, in i860, and came to Detroit in 1881.
He learned the cabinet maker's trade in Germany,^
but in 1885 became a clerk in a grocery store. In
January, 1888, he purchased a stock of groceries
and provisions and began business for himself at the
corner of Macomb and Beaubien Sts.

John Breitmeyer was born in Bavaria in
1830. In 1845 he came to Detroit, and with no capi-
tal began the gardening business and in 1865 he
engaged in the florist business in connection with
gardening. He purchased from time to time until
he obtained forty acres located on Mack Street and
now has a full collection of tropical plants as well
as all the popular choice flowers of this country.
His sale room is on the corner of Gratiot and Mi-
ami Avenues. Mr. Breitmeyer married Frederica
Christina Schneider, born in Berlin. They have
had twelve children, nine of whom are living ; three
of the sons are in partnership with their father. In
1886 they purchased thirty acres in Mount Clemens,
and now have the most extensive establishment in
the West.

BuHRER Brothers, sons of Charles and Eva
(Lerch) Buhrer, were born in Detroit, Charles A.
on Aug. 4, 1855, and William F. on Oct 6,
1856. Their parents married in Detroit in 1849,
and began the hotel business at the Four-mile
House, on Woodward Ave., in 1850. The father
was born in 181 8, and died in Wayne in 1864, leav-
ing a widow and two sons. Charles A. learned the
printer's trade, working on a German paper and two
years on the Post, and eleven years in the job de-
partment of the same paper. In 1883 he began
business for himself. He married Julia Kengott,
daughter of Gottlieb Kengott. They have one
daughter, Louisa. Wjlliam F. learned the tinning
and plumbings trade, and worked as a journeyman
until 1879, when he located on Michigan Avenue,
in his present business. He married Carrie Schmitt,
daughter of John Schmitt, of Detroit. They have
two sons, George and Charles.

1398

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

Louis Buysse, one of the leading merchant
tailors of Detroit, located at 12 Grand River Ave.,
was born in Belgium, in 1834. He learned the
tailor's trade, and coming to America, settled at
Mishawaka, Ind , in 1854. In 1864 he came to
Detroit as a journeyman tailor, and in 1871 engaged
in business for himself. He married Mary Claer-
hout, at Detroit, in 1858. She was also a native
of Belgium. They have six children : Louis B.,
Mary F., Charles E., Lizzie M., John F., and Anna
M. Mr. Buysse was prominent in organizing the
Belgium society, and has served as president, secre-
tary and treasurer of the association. His parents
were Eugene and Blondine (DeCoster) Buysse.
They had six children.

Richard Byrne was born in Detroit in 1857.
His parents, Michael and Susan (Morrison) Byrne,
came tg Detroit in 1855. His father engaged in the
confectionery business, and in i860 in the furniture
trade. He died in 1875, leaving a widow and seven
children, six of whom are now living. Richard
received his education at Detroit, and is engaged in
the general hardware and house furnishing business
at 108 and no Michigan Ave., giving employment
to from six to ten persons. He has also a branch
store at 105 Michigan Ave.

James W. Caldwell was born at Toronto,
Canada, in 1846; educated at London, Canada,
read medicine and attended medical lectures at
Detroit Medical College in 1865, and the same year
engaged as a clerk in a drug store, and in 1 869 was
given the management of the store. In 1875 he
purchased a stock of drugs and opened a store on
Grand River Ave. He married Lena A. Richards,
of Springfield, Mass., in 1872. They have four
children : Berenice, William, Harriet and Florence.
Mr. Caldwell is the son of Edward and Ann (Cress-
well) Caldwell. They were born in Ireland, and
married at Sligo, Ireland. They settled in Canada
in 1846. The father died there in 1861, leaving a
widow and three children, James W., Annie and
Louisa. The widow and family came to Detroit in
1865, James W. established a second drug house
on Grand River Ave. in 1882. He is president of
the Detroit Pharmaceutical Association.

John E. Campbell, druggist and general dealer
in fancy articles, at 477 Grand River Ave., was born
at Elmer, Canada, in 1861. He is the son of John
and Emeline (Van Wagner) Campbell. His mother
was born at Elmer, Canada, and his father in Scot-
land. They came to Detroit in 1863, engaging in
the dry goods business. They had, a family of three
children, John E., David L., and Jennie. John E.
received a liberal education. He was atone time a
clerk in a drug store, received a diploma in phar-
macy, and engaged in business for himself in 1886.

Edward Campau, son of John Batis and

Josepha (Gamelin) Campau, was born in Detroit,
Feb. 15, 1 81 3. His grandfather was from France,
and must have settled in Detroit about 1750, John
B., and Josepha had fourteen children. Edward
married Cecilia Boyer in 1835. She was born at
Mount Clemens in 1798. They had three children,
Samuel, Cecelia and Frederick. Cecelia died Jan.
22, 1 88 1. Edward in early life learned the cabinet
trade, then engaged in farming. He was after-
wards appointed custom house officer in Detroit,
and served twelve years. He then engaged in
farming for six years when he returned to the old
homestead, and his mother resided with him until
her death at the age of 94 years. Edward owned
and occupied a part of claim 563, a farm orig-
inally of 200 acres, in Springwells.

Henry Carew, Jr., was born in Ypsilanti,
Mich., in April, 1843. Henry Carew, Sr., was born
in 18 II in England, coming to America and settling
in Detroit in 1845. He died in 1886, leaving six
children, four of whom are now living, John H.,
Edward, Henry Jr., and Rosanna, now Mrs. Hall.
Henry Jr., was educated in Detroit and learned the
mason trade, and became one of the most extensive
builders, giving employment to from 100 to 400
men, erecting dwellings, factories, depots, etc. He
married Julia Ryan of Detroit, in 1865. She was
born in Ireland and came to Detroit when an infant.
They have two daughters, Nellie J. and Mollie

Henry Caspary, jeweler of Michigan Ave.,
was born at Detroit in 1854. His parents were
born in Germany, and settled in Detroit in 1850.
They had two sons, Henry and John S. Henry
learned the jeweler's trade by apprenticeship, and
in 1885 engaged in business under the firm name
of Genicke & Caspary, at his present stand. He
married Lizzie Hohman, of Detroit, in 1878. They
have one daughter, Ella.

William F. Chaffee was born in Detroit in
1 861 . His father settled in Detroit in 1 846. William
was educated at the High School of Detroit, and
became a proficient book-keeper. In 1887 he en-
gaged with Edward German, of Saginaw, lumber
dealer, and in Feb., 1888, was appointed manager
for the Detroit branch, for the sale of sash, doors,
blinds and general finishing work. His father was
by trade a carpenter, and was connected in respon-
sible positions with the Michigan Central Railroad.

Michael Chene, son of Gabriel Jr., and Philister
(Ladrout) Chene, was born in Detroit, in 1830 . Ga-
briel, Jr., was born in Hamtramck, now Detroit, in
1796. His wife was born in 1799. They had seven
sons and two daughters, seven of the children are
now living, Emily, Charles, Michael, William, Peter,
Isadore and Elizabeth. Philister died in 1852. By
his second marriage Gabriel Jr., left four children,
Gabriel, Philister, Alexander and Rosa. Gabriel

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1399

Jr., was son of Gabriel Sr., and Theresa (Campau)
Chene. They were married in Detroit. Gabriel
Sr. was a baker by trade, furnishing a quantity of
food for the fur traders of the northwest. He was
born in Loraine, of G*erman parentage, and he and
his son Gabriel were actively interested in the
War of 181 2, performing many acts of kindness to
the U. S. soldiers. He died in 1826, leaving a
family of two sons, Gabriel Jr. and Isador, and five
daughters. Michael, his grandson, married Agnes
Perrent, of Detroit, in 1849. They have nine chil-
dren, Rose. Mary, Sylvester, Delia, Adelaide, Cy-
rus, Raphael, Colfax, and Martha. Michael lived on
a farm in St. Clair County for 17 years, and
returned to Detroit in 1876. engaging in the general
grocery and provision business in 1877. He erected
several stores, public halls and dwellings in 1884.

Edward Chope, an early settler of Detroit,
was born in Devonshire, England, in 1815. He
came to America in 1835, settling in Buffalo, N. Y.,
and working at the blacksmith trade. He came to
Detroit in 1837 and became the expert horseshoer
of the city. He located finst on Jefferson Ave., and
was burned out in 1841. In 1858 he purchased the
present location on Randolph St., adding the manu-
facture of wagons, drays, etc., to his business. He
married Mary Ann Raney, of Washtenaw Co.,
Mich., who was born in New York in 1838. She
died in 185 1, leaving four children, Edward B,,
Mary, Charles H., and Clara V. In 1852 he mar-
ried Elizabeth Anscombe of Detroit. They have
three children, Frank P., Ella E., and Robert Lin-
coln. Charles H. enlisted in Co. G., 24th Michigan
Regiment in August, 1862, and was promoted to
lieutenant, serving until the close of the war. Ed-
ward enlisted in Co. B., 24th Michigan Regiment,
and was promoted to Sergeant-Major. Charles H.
married Amelia Blackman in 1868. Frank F. mar-
ried Mary Gabriel in 1879. Mr. Chope's sons be-
came partners in the business from time to time,
until 1872, when he retired, leaving Charles H. and
Frank L. to continue the business.

Frank Clark was born in Detroit in 1856, and
is the son of Josiah and Margaret (Morgan) Clark.
His father was born in England, his mother in Scot-
land. Frank, in early life, was fireman on the
Michigan Central Railroad, was promoted to en-
gineer on the Canada Southern Railroad, resigned,
and engaged in the wood and coal business. He
married Viola McFarlan, of Ypsilanti, in 1883.

Josiah Clark, a representive man in his ward,
was born in Cornwall, England, in 1834, and was
the son of James and Sarah Clark, who died in
1834. He learned the machinist trade in England,
and came to Detroit, in Dec, 1852, where he
worked at his trade until 1 869,when he engaged in the
grocery and provision business. In 1 874 he erected

the block Nos, 369-373 Baker St. He married
Margaret Morgan in 1855. She was born in Aber-
deenshire, Scotland, in 1834. They have had six
children, Frank F., William, Emily F., George Anna
F., Lizzie M., and Mary H.

John G. Coll was born in Denmark, in 1859,
and is the son of Henry and Augusta Coll. John
came to America in 1872, settled at Detroit, and
learned the carpenter trade and engaged in con-
tract work. In 1882 he established a grocery and
general supply store on Fort St. West. He married
Minnie Frahm, of Detroit, in 1880. They have two
children, Bennett and John, Jr. Mrs Coll was born
in Germany, and is the daughter of John and Min-
nie Frahm, who settled in Detroit in 1865.

John Conway, Jr., was born at Pittsburgh*
Penna., in 1854, and came to Detroit in 1858 with
his parents. He became a sailor and filled many
different positions in sea-faring life. In 1876 he
learned the foundry business and commenced
manufacturing stoves, giving employment to four
hands. In 1878 the business was incorporated
with Mr. John Hurley as President, Mr. Thomas
Conway, Vice-President. Mr. J. H. Williams. Sec-
retary and Treasurer, and John Conway, Manager ;
the company manufacturing all kinds of ranges,
cook and heating stoves, giving employment to 75
hands. He married Ann McHugh, of Detroit, in
1879. They have one son, John David.

Rhoda E. Cowles was born in Adams, Jeffer-
son Co., N. Y., in 1 8 14 She was the daughter of
Judge John Cowles. His wife was Anna Bishop,
who was born in Danbury, Conn. Judge Cowles
was born in Saybrook, Conn. They were married
at Adams, and had 14 children. Miss Rhoda being
the only one now living. She settled in Detroit
after the death of her parents, about 1835, ^^^ be-
came active in the organization of the Fort St. Con-
gregational Church, being one of the 13 founders,
and is one of the three surviving members of the
church organized in 1844. Her two brothers,
Samuel and Noah, settled in Detroit. Her sister,
Mary Ann. married Charles M. Bull, a prominent
grocer of Detroit. After his death Mrs. Bull mar-
ried Judge E. Smith Lee, who moved to Washing-
ton, D. C, where he died, leaving one son, Charles
E. Lee. Mrs. Lee died in Washington, leaving five
children by her first marriage, Jennie, Eliza C„ Kate,
Frances, and Anna.

William Cox was born in Erie Co., Ohio, in
1837, and is the son of William and Matilda
(Knight) Cox. William came to Detroit in 1859,
where he was employed as hotel clerk. On Aug.
I, 1 861, he enlisted in Co. C, First Michigan Ca-
valry, under Col. Broadhead. He was disabled and
discharged in Oct., 1862, and receives a pension of
$10 per month. In 1865 he engaged in farming in

I400

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

Redford, and kept hotel at Greenfield, from 1868
to 1 88 1, when he returned to Detroit. In 1886 he
purchased a lot on Grand River Ave., and erected
a store, dwelling, and farmer's shed, and engaged
in the general grocery and provision business. He
married Mary Race, of Redford, Mich., June 6,
1863. They have one child, Jessie.

Joseph E. Craddock, son of John and Jane
Craddock, was born in Detroit in 1859. His par-
ents came from Ireland and settled in Detroit
about 1854. John was a marine engineer, which
occupation he followed on the lakes until 1886,
when he retired. He had six children: John H.,
Joseph E., William H., Elizabeth, Susan, and Car-
rie. The brothers, John H. and Joseph E., engaged
in the lumber business and manufactured car-roof-
ing and siding on Cass St. and also on Vinewood
Ave., giving employment to 60 persons. They dis-
solved partnership in 1886, when Joseph E. located
on Harper Ave., manufacturing lumber and fancy
shingles, forming the firm of J. E Craddock & Co.
Mr. Craddock married Maggie Chisholm, of De-
troit in 1882. She was born in Hamilton, Canada.
They have two children, Leslie and Grace.

Walter J. Cree, physician and surgeon at
No. 123 Grand River Ave., Detroit, was born -
March 29, 1861. He is the son of James and Eli-
zabeth Ann (Johnston) Cree, his father was born
in Scotland, and his mother in Newfoundland.
They were married at Toronto, Canada, and settled
at Detroit in 1859. They had six children. James
J. Cree, was connected for many years with the
Great Western and Michigan Central R. R, and
now resides at Atlanta, Georgia. Walter J. com-
menced his business life in the employ of the De-
troit and Milwaukee R. R. in 1876; began the
study of medicine in 1878, and graduated at the
Detroit Coll ge of Medicine in 1883, He is a
representative man, a member of various societies
and examiner of several life insurance companies.
He mairied Mary E. Stevens in 1884. They have
one child.

Frederick Cronenwett was born in Daden,
Germany, in 183 1. His parents came to America
and settled at Detroit in 1855. His father was
born in 1800, and died in 1878. His mother was
born in 1805, and died in 1883 His father was a
farmer in Monroe Co . Mich. Frederick, after his
father's death, engaged in farming, and was in the
employ of the Michigan Central R. R. for twenty
years. In 1870 he engaged in the grocery busi-
ness, and in 1883 established his present successful
flour, grain, and farmer's produce store. He was
elected Tax collector in 1878 and Alderman of the
8th Ward in 1888. He married Catharine Frank
in 1858.. They have seven children.
Patrick Cummins was born in the County of

Wexford, Ireland, in 1823. He married Catherine
Murphy. They came to America and located in De-
troit in 1849. By trade Mr. Cummins is a stone
mason. He found employment in various kinds of
business until 1877, when he purchased land and
built three stores and a dwelling on Michigan Ave.,
and engaged in a general grocery and provision
business He has a family of one son and five
daughters, William J., Nellie, Mary, Anna, Maggie,
and Alice.

Daniel Currie was born in Scotland in 1849,
and came to Detroit in 1851 with his parents. John
C. and Jane M. (Speirs) Currie. John C. was by
trade a tailor. He soon acquired knowledge of the
machinist trade and followed this occupation until
1857, when he began the grocery business. At an
early age Daniel found employment as an office boy,
and later on learned the machinist trade, and was
engineer on the -barge Nahant for three years. In
1880 he engaged in the grocery line, and, in 1883,
settled at 320 W. Fort St. He married Ida Beyer,
of Detroit in 1886. They have one son, William C.
Jacob Daniel was born in Bavaria, Germany,
in 1834. He came to America in 1850, and settled
at Detroit. In 1851 he found employment with C.
Lee, brick maker, and in 1863 began the manufac-
ture of brick on Gratiot Ave. In 1866 he purchased
10 acres of land and gave employment to some
twelve hands. In 1874 he became one of the firm of
Clippert & Daniel. In 1880 he purchased his part-
ner's interest, and now gives employment to 30 or 40
men. He married Elizabeth Speier in 1858; she
was born in Bavaria. They have had fourteen
children.

John J. Davis was born at Gait, Ontario, in
1851. He learned the tinner's trade with his father,
and eventually became an agent for farm imple-
ments. In 1884 he established his hardware busi-
ness on Baker St., subsequently adding plumbing and
roofing departments. He married Josephine
Shea, of New York, in 1876. They have three
children.

Lycurgus W. Day, son of James W. and Mi-
nerva A. t Doud) Day. was born in Onondaga Co.,
N. Y , in 1838, and educated at the Onondaga Valley
Academy. In 1861 he visited Detroit in hopes that
the climate might benefit his health, which proved
to be the case. He remained in Detroit as clerk in
the hardware business until 1 868, when he formed
a partnership in the lumber business under the firm
name of Ross & Day. In 1880 Mr. Day became
sole owner. His yard at 79 Michigan Ave is one of
the oldest established lumber yards in Detroit; he
has also a branch yard at 272-298 Trumbull Ave.
He married Euphemia Murray, of Detroit, in 1872.
They have six children, viz., James W., Lewis M.,
Bessie E, Merrill S., Olive I., and John.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1401

Frank A Dfjat was born in Warsaw, the
capital of Poland in 1847. He came to America in
1865, settling at Detroit, and engaging in the
butcher business on Michigan Ave. In 1884 he
built his present market and dwelling. He married
Mary Ella Kinucann, of Detroit. They have one
son. Frank H. Mr. Dejat's parents, Anthony
and Agnes Uejat, had a family of seven chil-
dren.

James Dewey, of Detroit, was born in Windsor
County, Vermont, in 1822. and settled in Detroit, in

1848, as a practical mechanic in the manufacture of
sash, doors and blinds. In 1854 the firm of Geo.
H. Shearer & Dewey was formed, and in 1865 the
firm of Dewey, Brady & Co. was organized. In
1889 the firm dissolved, and Mr. Dewey moved to the
corner of Fourth Avenue and Holden Road, where
the present firm of Dewey, Allan & Co. are en-
gaged in general contracting, carpenters' jobbing
and the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds,
giving employment to 75 men. Mr. Dewey mar-
ried S. C. Beardsley, of Detroit, in 1864. They have
one son, Harry J. His first wife was Sarah Bentley.
They had two sons, Ziba, and George H., who en-
listed in the 24th Michigan Regiment in 1861, serv-
ing until the close of the war.

John A. DeGraw, Jr., son of John A. and
Rose DeGraw, was born in Detroit on Jan. 29,

1849. His parents were married in Detroit in

1847. His father was drowned in 1850; his
mother died in 1870. John learned the tinsmith's
trade and in 1879 opened his hardware store at
757 Michigan Ave. In 1881 he erected two
stores at 779 Michigan Ave. He is now a large
real estate owner. In 1870 he married Margaret
Barber, who was born in Greenfield, Wayne Co., in

1848. They have one son, Fred Eberle. Margaret
is the daughter of Walter and Minerva (Wheat)
Barber. Her parents were early settlers in Wayne
County. The Wheat family were pioneers from
Vermont.

Samuel Dickson, was born in Kirkcudbright.
Scotland in 1848. He came to Detroit in 1862 and
found employment in the plumbing business. In
1863 he went to New York City in order to com-
plete his knowledge of plumbing. In 1 883 he en-
gaged in the plumbing and steam heating business
at Detroit on his own account, giving employment to
8 persons and now employs some 24 persons. He
married Christina Oglive in 1 869. She was born in
Canada. They have seven children.

Peter Dingemans, son of Marinus and Adri-
anna Dingemans. was born in North Brabant. King-
dom of Holland. Feb. 15, 1828. The father died in
Holland and the widow, with two sons, Frank and
Peter, came to America in 1854. In 1856 they
started the planing and sawing business, giving em-

ployment to eight persons. Their business has in-
creased steadily until now they employ 80 persons
and 60 horse power. They occupy one block of
200 feet on Grand River Ave. with a wareroom of 90
feet on F'ourth Ave In 1 855 Mr. Dingemans married
Anna C. Jordon who was born in Cologne. She
died in 1871, leaving a family of 12 children, eight
of whom are now living. In 1872 he married
Anna Vanhoogstraaten. They have six children.

Samubl B. Dixon, son of George H. and
Susan A. (Ayer) Dixon was born in Oswego, N.
Y.. in '844. George H. was born in Nantucket,
R I., and Susan in N Y They married in New
York and settled in Toledo, O. In 1861 he en-
gaged in the fish business, and in i>66 he settled
in Detroit, and died in 1884 aged 84, leaving a
widow and six children : William N., Charles P ,
Carrie now Mrs. Wil iams. Samuel B, Alfred C,
and Frederick E. Samuel B. enlisted from Cincin-
nati for one year in the Mississippi Squadron and
re-enlisted in 1 864 in the same for one year, serv-
ing under Commodores Foot and Porter. He was
in the employ of the U. S Express Co. at his first
enlistment, and the company paid him one-half of
the years wages and after his discharge he returned
to their employ. In 1866 he came to Detroit and
engaged in the fish business with his father. In
1873 he began the steam sawing at planing busi-
ness but in 1875 returned to the fish business, lo-
cating at 361 Woodward Ave. He married Maggie
B. Morris, in Cincinnati, in 1865. They have two
children, Florence E. and Elmer M.

George Duffus, son of James and Ann Duf-
fus, was born in Hamilton, Canada, in 1848. His
father was born in the Highlands of Scotland ;
his mother was born in England. James died in
Toronto in 1875, leaving a widow and seven chil-
dren, George, Bessie, Maggie, Emma, Mary, Char-
lotte and Hannah. George came to Detroit in
1 866, working as a cabinet maker until 1 876, when
he began the butchering business in two stores,^
705 and 743 Woodward Ave. He removed to
Baker St. in 1882 and by his personal superintend-
ance in all branches of his business he has steadily
increased it, and in 1883 he added another store
for the general grocery and provision business. In
1888 he purchased two stores and a hall over them
and his dwelling at 221 Eighteenth St. He now
employs three teams and four clerks. Mr. Duffus
married Jennie Turner, daughter of Richard Turner,
in 1873.

William A. V. Edward was born in Banff-
shire, Scotland, in 186 r. He was the son of John
and Isabella (Ballock) Edward. William came to
Detroit in 1881, and found employment with the
Grand Trunk R. R. Co. In 1884 he became
wholesale drug clerk. In 1 886 he engaged in the

I402

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

flour and feed business at 324 Fort St. West. He
married Cecelia Dondero of Detroit in 1884, the
daughter of M. A. Dondero who was an early
settler and manufacturer of Detroit.

Peter Faber was born in Germany in 1824.
He was the son of Peter and Elizabeth Faber.
They left Buffalo on board the steamer Atlantic for
Detroit, Aug., 1852. The steamer was wrecked and
father, mother and two sons were drowned. Peter,
Jr , and his brother Adam were among the saved.
Peter found employment in a mill and later learned
the saw manufacturing business, which he followed
14 years, when he engaged in the grocery business
on Gratiot Ave. In 1877 he erected a store and
dwelling on Seventeeth St. He married, in 1854,
Maria Millhouse, who was born in Germany. They
have five children.

John Fairbairn, was born at Detroit in 1844.
His parents, James and Margary Rose Fairbairn,
settled in Detroit in 1833. His mother died in
1885 ; his father in 1887. They had five children.
Eliza, Thomas, James, John and George. Thomas
graduated at Ann Arbor, Mich , and from the
Philadelphia Medical College. John became«a
drug clerk and graduated prescriptionist. James
was a carpenter and builder; he retired in 1870.
John was engaged in business in Pennsylvania in
1865. He returned to Detroit in 1883 and en-
gaged in his present drug business. He married
Josephine Martin, of Buffalo, N. Y , in 1874, who
died in 1882, leaving two children, James M. and
Florence L.

Samuel S. M. Farquhar, son of Allen and
Lola (Mallory) Farquhar, was born at Monroe,
Mich., in 1833. His mother was born in Connecti-
cut, in Dec, 1798. She came to Detroit in 1818
and died Sept , 1879. Samuel engaged as clerk in
the grocery business in 1850, becoming proprietor in
1865. In 1 861 he married Frances, daughter of
Prof. Goldsmith. They have two daughters, Mary,
now Mrs. J. H. Finney, and Edith, now Mrs. Wh(ta-
ker, and one son, Frank S. In 1884 Mr. Farquhar
opened his store at No, 498 Third Avenue, where he
has been very successful.

Charles H. Fischer, son of Charles C. and
Louisa (Neddenmeyer) Fischer, was born in Detroit,
Mich , in i860. His mother was born in Hanover,
Germany, in 1828, and came to Detroit in 1848.
His father was born in Ganshein on the Rhine,
Germany, 1827. He settled in Detroit in 1848 and
married in 1858. He died on April 2, 1887, leav-
ing a widow and five children, Charles H., Louisa,
Maria, Ferdinand A. and Henry. Mr. C. C. Fischer
established his fine boot and shoe manufacturing
trade at 343 Woodward Ave. in Feb., 1858, his
sons becoming successors to his lucrative business.

William Fischer, son of Peter and Anna

Fischer, was born in Ludencheid, Westphalia,
Prussia, in 1814. The parents died in Prussia, leav-
ing two sons and one daughter, Peter, Jr., William
and Louisa. They came to America in 1836 with
their stepfather, Mr. William Preasser settling in
Detroit in 1837. The brothers began the jewelry
business in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but not being
successful, they returned the same year to Detroit
and began business at No. 217 Jefferson Ave., and
it is now the oldest firm in that line of business in
the city. William Fischer married Maria Rade-
macher in 1 844. She was born in Olpe, Westphalia,
in 1 819, and died in 1887, leaving five children,
William, Jr , Emma, Alexander, Bertha and Henry.

Anthony P. Flewelling, son of Joseph and
Martha (Powers) Week, was born in Lincoln, Can-
ada, in 1845. His father died in Canada, leaving a
widow and six children, Mary, Peter, James, Wes-
ley, Anthony P., and Martha. Anthony received a
common school education and at the age of 13 was
apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, and settled in
Detroit in 1866, as a journeyman carpenter. In
1869 he engaged in the building business, and in
1875 he became superintendent for one of the con-
tract builders, holding the position for five years.
He resigned in 1880, and formed the firm of Lloyd,
Flewelling & Co., as jobbing contract builders, and
the firm have erected many prominent buildings,
the Butler Building, the renowned Log Cabin, the
Palmer Mansion in Washington, D. C, and many
others. In 1889 he formed the Flewelling Co., who
employ 125 persons. Mr. Flewelling married
Magdalen Meek in Detroit in 1868. She was born
in Edinburgh, Scotland. They have two children,
Theresa, born in 1874, and Grace, born in 1886.

William H. Flynn, son of Hugh and Ann
(Irwin) Flynn, was born in Detroit in 1851. His
parents were born in Ireland, married in Toronto,
Canada, and came from Tonawanda, N. Y., to De-
troit, in 1836. Hugh Flynn was born in 1805, and
died in 1875, leaving a widow and four children,
John, Eliza, Catherine and William H. Mr. Flynn
was a prominent contract builder, and has erected
many blocks of stores and dwellings in Detroit. In
1882 William H. was appointed Deputy County
Treasurer, which position he still holds. He mar-
ried Anna Cooney, of Detroit, in 1888.

Frederick Freiburger was born in Baden,
Germany, June 1 4, 1 822. His parents died in Baden,
leaving a family of seven children. Frederick
learned the marble-carving trade. He married
Elizabeth Ruehle in 1846, and in 1848 came to
America. He settled at Detroit, April 15, 1848,
and soon after they reached Detroit his wife died.
He worked at his trade four years. In 1849 he
married Christine KuU. who was born in Germany.
She died April 20, 1888, leaving one son, Charles

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1403

M. Mr. Freiburger engaged in the manufacture of
stone and marble monuments for four years, when
he retired. He was Deputy Sheriff two years,
Constable, U. S. Deputy Marshal, and also held
other offices. He resigned the office of Government
Inspector of Live Stock in 1880.

Valentine Geist, son of August and Cath-
erine Geist, was born in Hesse Cassel, Germany, in
1824. He learned the blacksmith trade and received
a common school education. In 1840 he came to
New York City, where he learned the shoemaking
trade. In 1841 he spent some time in Philadelphia,
Pittsburg, and Cleveland, Ohio, returning to New
York City. In 1848 he settled in Troy, N. Y.,
where he was appointed city w^atchman. In 1855
he settled in Detroit, working at the boot and shoe
trade until 1859, when he engaged in the undertak-
ing business. He became conductor on the Jeffer-
son Ave. horse cars in 1863. Mr. Geist resumed the
undertaking business in 1864, which he has since
continued, and now ranks among the oldest in that
business in Detroit. In 1847 Mr. Geist married
Josephine Walles, in New York City. They have
eight children, Elizabeth, Henry, Anna, Catherine,
William, Louis, Charles, and George.

William F. Genicke was born in Detroit, Oct.
II, 1858. His parents were born and married in
Germany, and came to Detroit in 1856, with six
children, Joseph, William, Frank, Albert, Julius, and
Louisa. William has been in the jewelry business
since 1872. In 1885 he organized the present firm
of Genicke & Caspary, on Michigan Ave., dealers in
all kinds of jewelry, settings and society badges.

Henry George, a leading carpenter and builder
of Detroit, was born in Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1838.
He came to Detroit with his parents in 1851. In
1857 he married Harriet Hughes, and has three
children, Charles J., Harriet J., and William H. In
1865 he engaged in contract building, and was from
the first very successful. In 1879, he, with his son,
Charles J., began the general lumber and building-
business, locating at 531 Beaubien St., where they
give employment to 200 men in their steam sawing
and planing mill.

Henry E. Gibson w^as born at Barry, Orleans
Co., N. Y., in 1 845. His parents were John and Flos-
sie (Gates) Gibson. His father died in New York.
His mother came to Michigan in 1854, with a family
of 1 1 children, six of whom are now living, Caroline,
Mary A., Lewis J., Helen P.. Louisa J., and Henry E.
Henry E. received his education at the Agricultural
College of Lansing, Mich., from which he graduated
in 1869. He married Cornelia Hedges, of Oakland
Co., Mich , in 1877. They settled in Detroit in
1 88 1. She was a daughter of Joseph and Emily
(CoUister) Hedges. Joseph Hedges was born in
New York State in 18 19, and settled in Oakland

Co., Mich., in 1824. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson have
two children, Cornelia and Hiram. Mr. Gibson
engaged in the grocery and general supply business
in 1884, at 585 Grand River Ave.

Dr. Wilbur Gillett, son of Albert and
Lucina (Andrews) Gillett, was born in New Hud-
son, Oakland Co., Mich., in 1852. His father was
born at Lyons, Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1820, and died
in March, 1888. His mother died in 1867, leaving
only one child, Wilbur. He was educated at the
Ypsilanti State Normal School, where he taught for
several years. He then read medicine with Dr.
Hagerdorn, of Lansing, and entered the Depart-
ment of Medicine in the University at Ann Arbor,
in 1877, graduating in the class of 1879. Dr. Gillett
settled in Detroit as physician and surgeon in 1881,
locating at 760 West Fort St. He married Julia A.
Fuller in 1880, daughter of S. W. Fuller, of Hud-
son, Wisconsin They have two children, Marion
and Wilbur Fuller.

Corydon p. Gowman was born in Ontario,
Canada, in 186 1. He settled at Wyandotte, with
his parents, in 1865. In 1877 he was clerk in the
drug business at Monroe, Mich. He came to De-
troit in 1880, and engaged with Parke, Davis & Co.
In 1884 he opened his drug and prescription store
on Baker St. In 1888 he changed to his present
handsome store at 555 Baker St. He married
Emma C. Blennan in 1884.

Daniel Graham was born at Glencoe, Ont., in
1847. His parents were born and married in Scot-
land. They came to Detroit in 1850. Daniel
learned the hardware trade with the firm of Buhl &
Ducharme, where he was employed fourteen years.
In 1 88 1 he engaged in business for himself, and
erected his present store and dwelling on Baker St.
in 1883. He married Maggie Kidd in 1873, who
was born in Scotland. They have five children.

John Greusel, Jr., son of John and Susan
(Sarvis) Greusel, was born in Glasgow, Ulster Co.,
N. Y., January 6, 1839. His parents settled in
Springwells in 1846. In 1861 he went west and
found employment on the Burlington & Missouri
R. R., and was promoted to engineer in 1864. In
1866 he resigned and returned to Detroit, and
began working at the brick and tile manufacturing
business, established by his father in 1847, and is
now the owner of the homestead of ten acres, and
the brick yards. He was Collector of Springwells
in 1874-75; appointed Highway Commissioner
in 1876, which position he held for five years, be-
sides holding several minor offices. He married
Elida Mills, of Battle Creek, in 1869. They have
three children, John G., Edith, and Charlotte. His
father was one of the prominent men of the county,
representing his district in both the Lower and
Upper House of the Legislature for several terms.

1404

t^ERSONAL SKETCHES—DETROIT.

ExGELBERT Grtmm was born at Detroit in
i85r. His parents were born in Germany, and
came to Detroit in 1842. His mother died in
1852, leaving two sons, Peter and Engelbert.
His father for many years taught school
in Germany as well as fifteen years in
Detroit. He died in 1879. The sons received a
classical education. Peter became a professor of
music, and Engelbert learned the jeweler's trade,
and in 1871 engaged in business at Wyandotte, and
in 1 878 he established his store on Michigan Ave.
In 1884 he erected his store and dwelling at 613
Michigan Ave. He married Josephine Carr, in
1873; she was the daughter of Richard and Alice
(Caine) Carr, who settled in Detroit in 1853. To
Mr. and Mrs. Grimm four children have been born.
Englebert, like his brother, is a musician, and at the
age of fourteen became an organist, and has been
prominently connected with church music ever
since.

Peter G. Guilloz was born in eastern depart-
ment du Doubs, France, in 1843. His father, Peter
Guilloz, died in France in 1850, leaving a widow
and eight children, who came to America in 1856.
His mother died in Detroit. They had five child-
dren, Frederick, Catharine, Margaret, Peter G. and
Louisa. Peter received good educational advan-
tages in France. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. E, 22d
Michigan Infantry, and was discharged by reason
of disability in 1863. After his discharge he
worked at saw filing and repairing. In 1875 he
engaged in the hardware business. In 1881 he
sold out to his partner and began business at No.
148 Grand River Ave. He married Eliza Bondy,
of Mt. Clemens, in 1864. They have had ten chil-
dren, six of whom are living, Louis A., George,
Lizzie, Peter G. Jr., Blanche and Esther.

Christian H. Haberkorn, son of Henry
and Margaret (Colby) Haberkorn, was born in De-
troit in 1856. Henry settled in Detroit in 1843, and
and married in 1855. They have four children.
Christian H., Sophia, Anne and Emma. He has a
son, August, by an earlier marriage. Henry has
been employed for 34 years by the same company.
At the early age of nine years Christian began work
in a carpenter shop. In 1871 he went to Califor-
nia, and received $8 a day working at his trade.
In 1878 he went to Sault bt Marie, and in 1879 was
engaged on the steamer City of Detroit in com-
pleting portions of the fine work. In 1880 C. H.
Haberkorn began his now extensive cabinet furnit-
ure business, with a capital of $250. In 1H84 he
located at 416-420 Michigan Ave,, under the name
of C. H Haberkorn & Co. In 1885 he purchased
his present location, giving employment to 3 > persons.
He added from year to year to his factory until
1888, when he built a five story brick building, and

employs 100 persons, his furniture being sent all
over America. He married Fanny, daughter of
Frederick Ruehle, in October. 1883.

Andrew Hair was born at Ayr, Scottland, in
1849. He is the son of Andrew and Sarah (Far-
quhar) Hair. Andrew was educated in England
and became his father's book-keeper. In 1870 he
came to Quebec, and engaged as book-keeper for
the Great Western R. R. Co., at London, Canada.
In 1 87 1 he came to Detroit in the interest of the
same company. In 1875 he was appointed cashier
of the company, and resigned in 1876. The same
year he married Mrs Amanda Hutton, of Detroit,
and in 1877 became successor to Mr. Hutton's con-
fectionery business on Jefferson Ave. He soon in-
troduced the catering business, being the first to
serve public dinners in Detroit. In 1884 he located
on Woodward Ave. He gives employment to 25
persons, and stands at the head in his profession.

Michael Haller, son of Anthony Haller,
was born in Luxembourg, France, May to, 1833.
He came to Detroit on May 10, 1852, engaging on a
farm for the first year after his arrival In 1853 he
was employed as fireman on the M. C. R. R. In
Sept., 1855, he w^ent to New Orleans, returning home
in 1856, when he became emigrant agent for the
M. C. R. R. In 1858 he began the harness busi-
ness, under the firm name of Willet & Haller,
locating on Michigan Ave. In 1862 they dis-
solved partnership, Mr. Haller visiting his native
country on the Great Eastern, the largest ship
ever built. After traveling through several coun-
tries he returned to Detroit in the fall of 1863, and re-
sumed the hardware business, erecting a store at No.
591 Michigan Ave. He married Barbara Bertram
in 1864. They have one daughter, Anna Mary.
He was a member of the Board of Estimates, and
Alderman from 1 876-1 880.

Dayton S. Hallock w^as born at Clarendon,
Orleans Co., N. Y.. in 1846. His parents, James C.
and Oneida (Pettingell) Hallock, were born in
Oneida Co., N. Y His father died in 1859. They
had two sons, William Irving and Da}'ton S Day-
ton came to Michigan in 1862. In 1863 he found
employment as drug clerk at Almont, Mich. In
1 87 1 he opened a drugstore at Saline. Mich. In
1877 he came to Detroit, locating at 764 W. Fort
St. He married Julia A. Andrus, May 3, 1869.
They have two children, Gertie M and James C.

Alfred E. Hamlin, son of Alexander and
Mary (Neview* Hamlin, was born in 1845. His
parents came from Montreal, Canada, and settled in
Detroit about 1834. Alexander died in 1850, from
an accident, leaving a widow and five children. Matil-
da, now Mrs. Jarvis Alexander, Jr., Jane, now Mrs.
DeMars, Alfred E.. and Josephine, now Mrs. Ogee.
Alfred was a clerk in the grocery business for nine

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1405

years, and in 1868 began for himself, in the firm of
Hamlin & DeMars, and in 1873 he purchased his
present site, No. 831 Fort St. West, erected two
brick stores, and opened the grocery and hardware
store, which he still retains In 188 1 he was elected
Alderman of the 12th Ward, and has been School
Inspector and member of the Board of Estimates.
He married Anna Conroy in 1886 They have six
children, Josephine, Harry, William, Mary, Louisa,
and Frank.

Lours Hammel was born at Detroit, July 10,
1852. His parents came from Switzerland, and
settled in Michigan in 1852. In 1869 he visited
France, and attended school for one year. He then
visited Switzerland and Germany, and returned to
Detroit to learn the carpenter's trade, and engaged
in contract work. In 1874 he began the undertak-
ing business. In 1888 he purchased a factory for
the manufacture of caskets, at Saginaw, Mich.,
giving employment to 25 persons. He married
Margaret Salter, of Grosse Point, Mich., in 1876.
They have four children, Agnes, Ida, Lester, and
Stella.

John William Hangsterfer, son of Jacob
and Catherine (Biechle) Hangsterfer, was born in
Pittsburgh, Pa., May 4, 1849 His parents settled
in Ann Arbor in 1854, where Mr. Hangsterfer was
successful as an expert caterer. He died in 1873,
leaving a widow and eight children, John W., Liz-
zie, Albert, Franklin, Clara, Lulu, Matilda, Ella and
Edward Valentine. John W. became partner with
his father in 1870. In 1884 he sold out his interest,
and settled in Detroit, residing at 33 Lincoln Ave ,
and having wholesale confectionery stores at 112
Jefferson Ave. and 290 Woodward Ave. He now
has a factory on Lincoln Ave. He married Emma
Berby, of Detroit, in April, 1875. They have had
six children, of whom five are living. Emma, Cora,
Nellie, Walter and Frederick.

John Harpfer, merchant tailor, was born at
Detroit in 1863. He is the son of Ulrich and
Catherine (Frank) Harpfer, who were born at
Bavaria, and married in New York, settling in De-
troit in 1850. His father died in 1887, leaving a
widow and seven children, Carrie, Lizzie, Edward,
Catherine, George, John and Anna. John estab-
lished his business at 549 West Fort St. in 1887,
where he makes custom work a specialty.

Albert M. Harris was born in Rochester,
N. Y., in 1839. His parents were Daniel E. and
Fidelia (Strickland) Harris. In 1863 he came to
Detroit as manager in the lamp and oil business,
and in 1869 changed to his present business, with
Geo. R. Angell as partner. In 1883 he began on
his own account, and organized his stock company
in 1886, at 17-19 Grand River Avenue, of which
company he is President and Treasurer. He mar-

ried Sarah E. Green, of Detroit, on September 14,
1865.

Joseph Harris, son of Thomas and Elizabeth
Harris, was born in Worcester, England, in 1850.
He learned the baking business and came to De-
troit in 1 87 1, working as a journeyman at his trade.
In 1880 he formed the firm of Haste & Harris, lo-
cating at No. 9 Orchard St., manufacturing cream
crackers as a specialty, which business has grown
to such an extent that it is the only establishment
in the United States confined exclusively to one
grade of crackers. They employ 30 people with a
complete sett of machinery and a 60-horse power
engine. Mr. Harris married Clara M. Smith, of
Detroit, February 1884. They have two children,
William Haste and Grace C.

Jonah E. Hartsig was born at Grosse Point,
Wayne Co., Oct. 20, 1837. He is the son of Ben-
jamin and Susanna (White) Hartsig. who were
born and married in Switzerland, and came to De-
troit in April 1826. His father engaged in the shoe
business, and in 1837 settled on a farm at Grosse
Point, where he died in April, 1838. His mother
died in 1871, leaving five sons, Lewis, William, Ben-
jamin, Joseph and Jonah. Jonah engaged in farm-
ing in Warren, Macomb Co., where he married
Percis Spinning, May 17, 186 j. She was born Jan.
9, 1838. They have six children; Emery, Lewis,
Benjamin, Janney, Rosa and Samuel. He sold his
farm and came to Detroit in 1873. ^^ ^^^5 he en-
gaged in the hardware business.

William Haste was born in 1835 at Hastings,
England, where he served his apprenticeship to the
baking trade. Leaving there he went to Collingwood,
Ont., in 1862. In 1863 he came to the United
States, locating at Bay City, Mich., where he
remained until 1865, when he came to Detroit,
Mich., engaging with Clark & Snyder in the fall of
1886, taking charge of th^ cracker business then
organized. In January, 1867, the above firm was
changed to Clark Bros., and continued until 1880,
during which time he remained in active charge of
the factory until their retirement from business.
He then associated with him Mr. Harris, and pur-
chased the business now conducted under the
firm of Haste & Harris, increasing the business
annually from comparatively a small beginning, to
its present dimensions. At the time the business
was first organized there were employed in all eight
men and boys, until now, with all the modern ap-
pliances and improved machinery requisite to facili-
tate labor, they give employment to over thirty
people, in producing the necessary amount of goods
required in supplying their rapidly increasing trade.
Mr. Haste has, since his boyhood, been closely
identified with the baking business in all its depart-
ments, having devoted most of his life to its duties,

1406

PERSONAL SKETCHES-DETROIT.

and still energetically and closely oversees all the
details of their present business.

Joseph Hasty, of Detroit, was born in Cumber-
land Co , Maine, October 25, 1829. He learned the
cooper's trade with his father, Nathaniel Hasty.
Joseph spent two years in the West Indies and was
appointed general superintendent of the West India
Coopering Co. He organized the firm of Hasty &
Perley at Portland, Me. They moved their busi-
ness to London, Canada, in 1861, and from that
place they moved to Elsie, Clinton Co., Mich., in
1869, In 1877 Mr. Hasty sold his interest and set-
tled in Detroit, and engaged in the manufacturing
and shipping business, giving employment to a
large force of men. Messrs. Hasty & Son have a
factory in Parigould, Green Co., Arkansas, where
many men are employed ; they ship their entire
product to New Orleans He married Annie N.
Phillips, Jan. 20, 1856, who was born at Portland,
Me. They have six children,

Matthew C. Hechtner was born at Detroit,
in 1854. He was employed by the Detroit Fire
Department for three years, when he engaged in
the flour, feed, grain and general produce business.
He is a machinist, and married Louisa Meissner of
Detroit, in 1875. They have one daughter, Lillie.
Matthew's parents, John C. and Barbara (Malla-
don) Hechtner, were married at Detroit. His
mother was born at Detroit and his father in Ger-
many and settled in Detroit in 1848. His father
died in 1876, leaving a widow and five children.

William Hellwig was born in Bavaria in
1824, came to America and settled at Buffalo in
1844, where he enlisted in the army and was trans-
ferred to Detroit to the First Michigan Regiment, and
served in the Mexican War. He was under com-
mand of Col. Stockton and Lieutenant John V.
Ruehle, and was discharged July 16, 1848. He
married at Buffalo, in 1^45, Christina Smith, who
was born in Bavaria in 1824. They came to Detroit
in 1845. He engaged in the grocery and market
business, in which he was successful. He died in
1 873, leaving a widow and ten children. His widow
carries on the business at 254 Rivard St.

Peter Henderson was born in Ontario,
Canada, in 1851. He learned the carpenter's and
builder's trade and engaged in business at Am-
herstburg, Canada. In 1884 he settled in Detroit
and had charge of the building of a public school-
house. In 1885 he erected a shop and engaged in
all kinds of carpentry, giving employment to 10 or
20 persons. He does most of his work by steam,
using i2-horse power. He married Rebecca C.
Walden, of Canada, in 1873. They have four
children, Thomas, Benjamin, Albert Bruce, and
Minnie Freeborn.

William Henris was born in Germany in

1 841. His parents came to Detroit in 1848. In
1858 William learned the copper and sheet iron
trade, and in 1880, formed the firm of Tuite &
Henris. In 1882 he became sole proprietor, and
gives employment to from 20 to 40 hands. He is
considered a master mechanic. He married Mary
Brier, May 17, 1866. They have a family of six
children.

John P. Hensien, son of John M. and Bar-
bara (Christopher) Hensien was born in Loraine,
Germany, Feb., 1827. He came to Detroit with
his parents in 1846 and learned the tinsmith's
trade. In i860 he began business for himself in the
hardware and stove business. Through misplaced
confidence he became financially embarrassed,
but by good judgment recovered, and now gives
employment to 30 persons. He married Elizabeth
Simon in 1852. She died, leaving one son, John Jr.
In 1859 ^^- Hensien married Genevieve Scholden-
brand, who was born in Switzerland. They have a
family of eight children : Josephine, Julia, Marga-
retta. Paulina, Ida, Genevieve, Amelia, and Bertha.
In 1864, Mr. J. P. Hensien erected two stores at
132-134 St. Antoine St.

Max W. Herberger, Jr., was born in Detroit
in 1865. His parents, Max W. and Catharine
(Marks) Herberger, were born in Germany. His
father settled in Detroit in 1852, finding employ-
ment as a tailor. In 1854, he engaged in the dairy
business, retiring in 1882 from active business
life Max W., Jr., engaged in the grocery business
corner Beaubien and Alfred Sts. in 1887.

William A. Hoffman was born at Detroit
in i860. He is a son of Jacob and Matilda
(Schrives) H offman, who were born in Germany and
came to America and settled at Detroit in 1848.
The father died in 1884. leaving a widow and seven
children. At the age of 14 years William took the
responsibility of a man in order to assist his mother
and family, and by the financial assistance of his
brothers saved their property, and they are now in
comfortable circumstances. William erected a fine
brick store and residence at a cost of some $10,000,
where his mother resides with him.

Joseph M. Hommel was born at Detroit in
1855. He is the son of Michael and Gertrude
(Krapp) Hommel, who were born in Germany, and
married at Detroit in 1853. His father came to
Detroit in 1835 with his parents ; he was born in
1832. Joseph M. received his education in Detroit
schools, and learned the cabinet maker's trade, and
was employed by the Michigan Car Co. until 1877,
when he erected a small factory and began business
for himself. He manufactures sash, doors, and
blinds, and makes a specialty of window and door
screens, and gives employment to some 50 persons.

Vernon Hoxie, owner and proprietor of the

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1407

Detroit creamery and ice cream depot, was born in
Lenawee Co . Mich , Feb , 1866. He is the son of
Ezra and Susan Hoxie, who settled in Lenawee
Co. in 1833 His mother died in Oct., 1886, leaving
four children, Albert, George L., Nellie, now Mrs.
Steele, and Vernon. Vernon was a graduate of the
Adrian Commercial College, class of 1883. He
settled at Detroit in 1 886 and purchased his busi-
ness in 1888. as successor to F. D. Hart. He
procures all his milk direct from the Hoxie farm,
Lenawee Co.

Joseph Huettemann was born in West-
phalia, Germany, in 1840. He is the son of Frank
and Elizabeth (Rohrig) Huettemann. Joseph and
his brother Frank came to Detroit in 1866, Joseph
finding employment as carpenter. In 1867 he be-
gan the grocery business on a small scale. In 1877
he erected a store and dwelling corner Macomb
and Russell Sts. In 1884 he opened the whole-
sale grocery business, and, in 1885, admitted William
Rademacher as partner. He married Theresa
Rademacher, in 1872. They have five children.
His wife's parents were John and Theresa (Born-
mann) Rademacher. of Germany, and settled in
Wayne Co. in 1853.

Horace E. Hungerford was born in Canada,
June 4, 1862. His father was born in 1795. His
mother was born at Perth, Canada. They settled
in Michigan in 1867. His father died May 19,
1873. They had six children, Sarah L., Edwin K.,
J. E Burchard, Alice M. N., Horace E., and Mary
B. Horace attended school at St. Clair and the
high school at Port Huron, and entered the Uni-
versity of Michigan in 1883 and graduated in class
of 1885. He began his practice at Port Huron,
and in Nov., 1887, located at 629 Michigan Ave. as
physician, surgeon, and druggist.

Frank Inglis, a druggist and pharmacist,
located corner of State and Griswold Sts., Detroit,
was born in Detroit in 1855. He is the son of Dr.
Richard and Agnes (Lambie) Inglis, who settled
in Detroit at an early date. Dr. Inglis was a prom-
inent physician, who died in 1876. Frank became
clerk in 1869 in his father's office. In 1872 he
founded his present business,* and ranks amongst
the leaders of his profession. He married Mary
Meginnity, of Detroit, in 1877. They have two
children, Richard and Bessie.

George W. Johnston, son of John W. and
Sarah (Wood) Johnston was born in Detroit in
1 86 1. His father was born in Canada, his mother
in Scotland; they were married in Detroit in 1843.
His father was a prominent real estate man and or-
ganized the loan building system of Detroit. He
died in 1872, leaving a widow and eight children,
William F., Cyrus, Sarah, Aggie, Collins H., Ade-
laide, George W., and Talitha. In 1875 George

W. was engaged on the Detroit Press, in 1885 he
became interested in the store railroad system com-
pany, and in 1887 began his present business of the
manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, etc., at the fac-
tory, corner Warren Ave. and Fifteenth St., under the
name of the Delbridge, Brooks & Fisher Co , J. E.
Scripps. Pres.; J. M. Corbin. Vice-Pres.; G. W.
Johnston, Sec ; and G. G. Booth, Treas. Mr. John-
ston married Louisa De Sale, of Detroit, in 1884.
They have one daughter, Florence.

John A. Kengel, son of Joseph and Theresa
(Martin) Kengel, was born in Detroit in 1864. His
parents were born in Westphalia, Germany, came
to America in 1854, and settled in Detroit in
1857, opening a carriage shop at No. ■53
Gratiot Avenue, They have four children. Mary,
now Mrs. J. A Bayer, William J., John A., and
Frank H. John A. was educated at the Detroit
College, and worked with his father in the carriage
business until 1888, when he opened a general hard-
ware store at Nos. 1 59-161 Grand River Ave.
He married Lizzie Lehr, of Detroit, in 1866. They
have one son, George.

Christian Kenngott, founder and proprietor
of the New York Steam Dye Works, at 120 Michi-
gan Ave. was born in Germany in 1853. His par-
ents were Christian and Caroline (Wolff i Kenngott.
They had a family of three children, Christian, Jr.,
Louisa, and William. Christian, Jr., came to De-
troit in 1864, but returned to Germany in 1865, and
finally settled at Detroit in 1876, and founded the
dye works in 1 88 1 . He married Augusta Josenhans
at Detroit in 1879, who was born in Germany.
They have four children : Agnes, Max, Willie, and
Augusta.

Samuel Kerr was born at Detroit, in 1867.
His parents, James and Margaret (Hendrie) Kerr,
were born and married at Beethshire, Scotland,
and settled at Detroit in 1852. His father died
Oct. 9, 1886, leaving a widow and six children,
John H., Margaret, James, Jennie, Sarah and Sam-
uel. Their father was a painter, and was employed
for 21 years by the Michigan Central R. R. Co.
Samuel has been engaged in the flour and feed
business since April, 1 886, at 423 Grand River Av.
Charles A. King was born in Albion, Orleans
Co , N. Y., in 1848. His parents located at Romeo,
Mich., in 1850, his father being a merchant tailor.
Charles enlisted in the 22d Mich. Regiment in
1 864 and served until the close of the war. After
his return he learned the tailor's trade of his father
and became his partner. In 1876 he opened his
present tailoring parlors on West Fort St. He
married Ada C. Weakly, of Detroit, in 1875.

James J. King was born at Detroit, Mich.,
April 19, 1845. He married Dec. 3, 1864, Sarah
Palmer, of Detroit, who was born May 2, 1847. To

1408

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

them six children were born. Mr. King's father
was born at Langdon. N. H., came to Detroit and
titled on the Cass farm in 1837. Mrs. King's
father was a native of France ; her mother was born
in New York ; both deceased. Her father was lost
at sea. Mr. King is proprietor of the King Stock
yards.

August- Kirchner was born at Newstandt,
Germany, in 1856 His parents died leaving three
children, Leopold, August, and Caroline. In 1870
the brothers came to Detroit ; in 1 874 their sister
came. August entered as clerk in a dry goods
house, where he remained for eleven years. In
1 88 1 he entered into partnership with Mr. Damm,
under firm name of Damm & Kirchner, opening a
dry goods store. In 1887 August became sole
owner : ihe same year he opened a branch house on
Grand River Ave. He now has two large stores
and is doing a successful business. He married
Magdalena Back in 1 88 1 . They have three children.
Her father, George Back, was an early settler of
Detroit. He enlisted in the U. S. army, and died in
a rebel prison.

Leopold Kirchner, son of John and Mary E.
(Precker) Kirchner. was born in the Electorate of
Hessia, Germany, in 1854. His parents died in Ger-
many, leaving three children. Leopold, August, and
Caroline. Leopold and August came to Detroit in
1871 ; they sent for their sister in 1874. Leopold
began life as an errand boy in a dry goods store, rose
to be salesman, and in 1 880 founded his successful
mercantile business at 126 Gratiot Ave. In 1889 he
purchased his present location, at No. 846 Gratiot
Ave. He married Caroline Josephine Balwick in
1876. They have two sons, Frederick Leopold and
Arthur George.

Charles Klein was born at Yettenbach, Ba-
varia, in 1839. His parents came to America in
1840, and settled at Detroit in 1842, where his father
died about 1855, leaving a widow and four sons,
three of whom are living Charles, William, and
Edwin. Charles at an early age learned the jew-
eler's trade and afterwards chose railroad life. He
began by building car trucks, then became brake-
man, was soon appointed baggageman, and in 1 864
conductor between Detroit and Chicago, which
position he held until 1888, when he resigned to
give his entire attention to his hardware business.
He was in the employ of the M. C. R. R from 1861
to 1888. He married Jane A. Pratt in 1861, at
Detroit. She was born in London, England They
had a family of eight children, five of whom are liv-
ing, Charles, Andrew W., Clara L., Edward W.,
and Walter E^

Henry W. Koehler was born in Detroit in
1854. He learned the carriage and wagonmaker's
trade. In 1880 he commenced the manufacture

of light and fancy carriages. In 1884 he pur-
chased his present place of business on St. Aubin
Ave., and gives employment to five persons. He
married Catherine Swarthout in 1882 They have
three children, Catherine A., Ada P., and Burt.
His father was born in 18 12, and married Julia
George in 1842. He came to Detroit in 1837, and
died in 1868, leaving a widow and six children, five
of whom are now living.

Bern HARD Korte was born in Prussia in 1841.
His parents came to America in 1848. Bernhard
learned the carriage and wagon manufacturing.
He established his business in 1871, and purchased
his present factory in 1877. He added to his busi-
ness all kinds of boat repairing. He married Mary
Sommer, at Detroit, in 1867. She was born in
Prussia, and died Dec 23. 1878. They had six
children, Edward J., Catherine, Leonhard, William
F., and George J. Mr. Korte gives employment to
ten persons.

Krentler Brothers are sons of George F.
and Sophia (Foersch) Krentler. George F. was
born in Hanover in 1830, and came to New York
in 1832. with his parents, George H. and Caroline
Krentler. They finally settled in Wisconsin, where
Caroline died ; George H. enlisted in the army,
where he died. George A., his grandson, was born
at Sheboygan, Wis., in 1856 ; Edwin O., his brother,
was born at Waupau. Wis., in 1858. George A.
and Edwin O. constitute the firm of Krentler Bros ,
who are manufacturers of lasts, boot-trees, crimps,
clamps, etc. They are successors of Messrs Mum-
ford. Foster & Co , the founders to the business,
purchasing their interest on Jan i, 1886. They are
located Nos. 245-247 Rivard St, and employ 15
persons.

Clement Lafferty, son of Joseph and Mary
Louise (Beauyear) Lafferty, was born in Detroit in
1 818, and is the only one left of ten children.
Joseph Lafferty was the son of Louis, who was
born in France, and settled in Detroit about 1750.
One daughter, over 90 years old. is still living.
Louis was a tailor and his wife managed the farm.
Clement now owns 38 acres of his grandparents'
farm in the city limitl. Louis owned slaves, and at
his death left two of them comfortable for life.
Clement married Adelaide Beaubien, daughter of
John and Cecelia Beaubien, on Jan. 29. 1850. She
died Oct. 31, 1857, leaving three children, Matilda,
Edward, and Mary L. Edward married Wob
Ward Walsh, daughter of John Walsh, of Sixth St.,
a resident of Detroit since 1838. Clement married
for his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Louis
and Catharine Beaufait, Oct. 22, 1861. They have
four children, Elizabeth, Louis, William T., and
Emma J.

Edward Lafferty, son of Clement and Ade-

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1409

laide (Reaubien) Lafferty, was born in Detroit, in
1852. His mother was a daughter of John B. and
Cecelia (Beauyear) Beaubien Adelaide died, leav-
ing three children: Melinda, Edward, and Mary L.
Edward was a student at Fordham, N. Y , and a
graduate of the Detroit Commercial College In
1 876 he engaged in the real estate business, and in
1884 began the general grocery business under the
firm name of Marantette & Co. Edward married
Miss Wob Ward Walsh, in 1887. She is the
daughter of Mr. John Walsh, who settled in De-
troit in 1858. Mr. Clement Lafferty was born in
Detroit in Sept., 1818. He is the son of Joseph
and Louise (Beauyear) Lafferty, and Joseph was
the son of Louis Lafferty, who settled in Detroit
about 1750.

Peter Lafferty, Jr., son of Peter and Mary
(Lafoy) Lafferty, was born at Ecorce, Wayne Co.,
Mich., in 1831. His father died in 1834; his
mother died in 1836. Left an orphan at an early
age, he was compelled to work, and he learned the
carpenter's trade in 1849. He was compelled
through an accident to give up his trade, and in
1852 he began the grocery business on Wood-
bridge St., where he continued until 1885, when he
erected two stores and hall at Nos. 1288- 1290 West
Fort St., where he has an extensive produce and
provision business. He married Sophia Dauphin,
of Canada, in 1856. They have had 10 children,
seven of whom are now living, viz : Eleanor, now
Mrs. R. H. Visger, Sylvester H., Richard L.,
Louisa, now Mrs. Arthur Hatt, Mary, Grant P.,
and Maud.

Anthony Laffrey was born in Detroit, Dec.
14, 1829. His mother settled in Detroit about
1800 living in a log house corner of Croghan and
Beaubien Sts. Anthony learned the boat building
business, and assisted in building the "May Flower"
and "The Atlantic." He afterwards engaged as a
carpenter and was the first to fut up machinery
for the manufacture of sash doors and blinds in
the Shearer shop on Woodbridge St. in 1850. He
purchased a factory at Ingersol in 1855; it was
burndd down. He then went to Kalamazoo and
organized the business of Dewing & Son. In 1863
he went to Jackson and in 1865 to Ann Arbor, en-
gaging in the furniture business ; he was burned
out in 1869 at a loss of $35,000. He returned to
Detroit in 1870 to superintend the building of the
Michigan Central Elevator. In 1873 he was sent
to Chicago as superintendent of the car shops. In
1875 he resigned, and returning to Detroit he es-
tablished his present business at Nos. 240-252
Foundry St., manufacturing builder's supplies and
contract work. He has been twice married leaving
six children now living: William H„ Charles,
Esther A., Veronica, Skalaska, and Rosa. Mr. Laf-

frey early exhibited mechanical ability by whittling
out clothes-pins, he and his chum making one
or two dozen a day and selling them.

John M. Lally, son of Michael and Elizabeth
(Dunn) Lally, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1863.
His father was born in Ireland in 1856 : his mothej
was a native of Vermont. They were married in
Lockport, N. Y., in 1858. They settled in Detroit
in 1880, with II children. Mr. Michael Lally is a
railroad contractor, the present firm being McRae,
Lally & Son. John M. receiv^ed his education at
Lockport. In 1878 he became manager for his
father on railroad contract work, and in 1885 was
admitted as partner. In 1887 John M. engaged in
the manufacture of harness and horse furnishing
goods at No. 47 Michigan Ave He is one of the
organizers of the Peninsular Savings Bank.

Emil p. Landsberg was born at Stettin,
Pomerania, Germany, in 1841. and is the son of
Frederick Landsberg. He came to America in
1867, settling at Detroit in 1875, and engaged in
the general insurance business. In 1879 he be-
came head book-keeper for the brewing house of
E. W. Voigt. He married Jennie Boyd in 1867,
who was born at Painesville, Ohio.

BURDETT G. Latimer was born at Detroit,
Dec. 27, 1845. He engaged in the undertaking
business, and has become one of the most prominent.
He married Josephine K. Law, Sept. 3. 1879. She
is a daughter of Joseph and Kittie (Hinchman)
Law. His parents, George W. and Helen (Corn-
ell) Latimer, were born in New York State. His
father came to Detroit in 1838. His mother died in
1852, leaving one son, Burdett G. By a second
marriage there is one son George W. George W.,
Sr., was for 17 years an engineer on the Michigan
Central R. R., and was promoted to route agent be-
tween Detroit and Chicago. He served five years
and resigned. In 1867 he engaged in the under-
taking business, under the firm name G. W. Latimer
& Son. In 1884 they dissolved, and B. G. Latimer
engaged in the business for himself.

Henry Lisch, merchant tailor of Detroit, was
born in Luxembourg, Germany, in 1845, where his
father died, leaving a widow and five children.
Henry learned the tailor's trade, and came to Ame-
rica in 1866, settling at Newburg, N. Y. In 1873
he settled at Detroit, engaging in the tailoring busi-
ness. He has a fine trade, and gives employment to
a number of hands. He married Miss Mattie Jane
Young, of Detroit, Jan., 1879. They have three
children, Charles, Lulu, and Clarence.

Otto L. Luttermoser was born in Russia in
1859, and is the son of Karl and Mary (Wiemer)
Luttermoser. His father came to Detroit in 1 869 ;
his mother and rest of family in 1872. His father
by trade was a cooper. Otto engaged as a farm

I4IO

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

laborer, and in 1881 learned the butcher's trade.
In 1884 he engaged in business on Michigan Ave.,
and erected a store and dwelling in 1886. He
married Mary Martz in 1883. They have one
daughter, Ella.

Albert C. Luyckx, son of Theodore A. and
Josephine (Buys) Luyckx, was born in Zundert,
Holland, in 1853. His parents emigrated to Amer-
ica in 1868, with five children, Jennie, Albert C,
Anthony A., William J., and Anna. The mother
died in 1884. In 1874 Albert C. began the repair-
ing of furniture in part of their house, and so great
was his success that in 1875 his father opened a
store, under the firm name of Luyckx & Sons, on
Randolph St., and in 1877, at No. 287 Woodward
Ave. Theodore retired in 1879. his sons becoming
successors to the business. In 1888 Albert C. sold
out his interest, and opened his present large stpre
atNos. 602-606 Michigan Ave., also engaging in the
real estate business. He married Annie Schneider,
daughter of Martin Schneider, of Springwells, in
1885. They have one son, Theodore Albert M.

Peter McConachie was born in Ontario,
Canada, in 1852, came to Detroit in 1877, and in
1880 engaged in the grocery and meat business
on Crawford St. In 1886 he purchased a store and
dwelling, and was the first merchant on Crawford
St. In 1 88 1 he married Martha Merideth, of Can-
ada. They have two children, Peter is the son of
John and Janet McConachie. They had seven chil-
dren, Alexander, John, Peter, William, Ann, Ellen
and Margaret. Peter by trade was a carpenter
and mill-wright.

Robert S. McKibbin was born at Royal Oak,
Oakland Co., Mich., in 1867, and is the son of James
and Ann (Walsh) McKibbin, who were born in Ire-
land and married in Oakland Co. The mother died
in 1876, leaving seven children, six of whom are
living, James A., Maggie, Joseph, John William,
and Robert S. In 1882 Robert became a clerk in
a wholesale drug house, and in 1887, with his
brother William, engaged in the retail drug and
prescription business, under the firm name of Mc-
Kibben Brothers, on Fort St. West.

Ambrose S. Mallery was born in Wayne Co.,
N. Y., in 1845. In 1864 he enlisted in the navy
from Brooklyn, N. Y., served on the war ship State
of Georgia, and after the close of the war was taken
on board the war-vessel Lancaster. In 1865 he
made a trip to the Sandwich Islands, was discharged
in 1866, at San Francisco, Cal., and returned to
New York. In 1870 he was employed as agent for
the Michigan Central Railroad at Ypsilanti, Mich.
In 1882 he engaged in the grocery business at Gales-
burg. Mich. In 1883 he came to Detroit and en-
gaged in the tobacco and cigar trade. In 1884 he
founded his present second-hand and general house

furnishing store on Michigan Ave. He married
Elizabeth Cooper, of Clyde, N. Y., in 1864. They
have two children.

Frank D. Marantette, of the firm of Mar-
antette & Lafferty, of Detroit was born in Detroit
in 1857. His parents were Alexander and Eliza
(Henderson) Marantette. His mother w^as born
at Detroit, and his father in Canada. They were
married in Detroit, in 1850, and had 11 children,
eight of whom are living. At the age of 14 Frank
became a clerk in a grocery house, where he re-
mained 13 years In March, 1884, he formed the
present firm, dealers in cut meats, groceries and*
general provisions He married Mary Louise Laf-
ferty on Jan. 9, 1884. They have two children.
His wife's parents were Clement and Adelaide (Beau-
bien) Lafferty of Detroit.

Truman W. Marr was born in W^ashington,
Macomb Co., Mich., in i860, and is the son of
Sidney and Margaret (Blakeley) Marr. His father
was born in Maine, and his mother in the north
of Ireland. They settled in Michigan about 1857.
His father enlisted in Co. G, 6th Michigan Cav-
alry, in 1863, was wounded, taken prisoner, and
confined in Libby Prison, where he died. After 19
years of widowhood, his widow married James Reed,
and resides at Romeo, Mich. Truman acquired a
thorough knowledge of the drug and prescription
business at Romeo, and in 1885 came to Detroit,
and organized the firm of Gage & Marr. In 1887
he purchased his partner's interest, and has be-
come one of Detroit's popular and successful drug-
gists.

James J. Martin was born at Madison, Morris
Co., N. J.; in 1838, and is the son of James and
Mary (McCormac) Martin. His mother was born
in Ireland, and his father in New York. They
settled in New York City in 1839. James J. learned
the trade of ornamental and decorating sign painter.
He enlisted in Co. D, 9th New York Infantry, in
May, 1 86 1, served two years under Col. J. D. Stiles,
and was discharged on account of receiving a slight
wound. He married Catherine Nolan, of New York,
in 1858. They have four children, William H.,
Mary C, Henry T., and Joseph R. Mary C. mar-
ried Livingston S. Page.

August May, son of Henry and Catharine
(Moeller) May, was born in Detroit in 1859. His
parents were born in Germany, and married in De-
troit about 1854. Henry settled in Detroit in 1851,
and died in 1888, leaving a widow and five chil-
dren, Mary, Christina, August, Christian and
Gustav. August engaged in the grocery business
with his father until 1885, when he sold his interest
to his brother, and formed the present firm of Eis-
man and May, located at No. 85 Gratiot Ave., en-
gaged in the boot and shoe trade. Mr. May mar-

PERSONAL SKETCHES-DETROIT.

141 I

ried Rosa Gmeiner, of Detroit, in August, 1883.
They have two children, Flora and Vera.

George Mead, son of John and Mary Mead,
was born in Devonshire, England, and came to
America in i860. He found employment as
machinist at New York and Boston, and in 1864
settled in Detroit as a master mechanic. In 1877
he founded his present business. His father died
in 1848 leaving a widow and five children, John Jr.,
Sarah, George, Louisa and Emanuel. John, Jr.,
came to America in 1857 and the widow and the
rest of the family came to Detroit in 1866. The
mother died in 1880. George married Harriet
Jones of Wales. They were married at Troy, N.
Y., in 1864, and have one son, Harry Elijah
Mead.

John Mead, son of John and Mary Mead, was
born in Devonshire, England, in 1838. He be-
came an expert mechanic and came to America
in 1857, and found employment as superintendent
in Boston and other cities, coming to Detroit, in
1874, as superintendent for the Frontier Iron
Works, which position he held for 1 1 years ; when
he resigned to give his attention to his brother's
manufacturing business. They erec4:ed their pres-
ent shops in 1885. He married Maggie Doyle in
Sept. 1868. She was born Cat alais, Maine. They
have a family of four children, James E., Georeg
F., Mabel H., and John. Jr.

LUCETTA R. Medbury was born at New Ber-
lin, N. Y., in 181 5. Her father was born in 1785,
and her mother in 1780. She married Samuel
Medbury, of New Berlin, in 1836. They came to
Detroit in 1867, and he was engaged in the bank-
ing business until his death, in 1874. They had
three children. Mrs. Medbury resides at the old
homestead, on Woodward Ave.

David F. Mitchell was born in Detroit,
Mich., in 1822. His parents were William and
Elizabeth (Fair) Mitchell, they were born and mar-
ried in Scotland. In 1872 his father engaged in
the flour and feed business. In 1879 he moved his
milling business on Earned St., and his sons. John
H. and David F., became his partners. The father
died in July, 1889, and the business was continued
by his sons. David married Nellie Watson, of On-
tario, Canada, in 1885. They have one son, James
W. John H. was born in Canada in 1854, married
Adeline Whipple, of Detroit, in 1875. They have
six children.

George Mitchell, Jr., merchant tailor of
Grand River Ave., was born in Paris, Canada, in
1855. He learned the tailoring trade, and on com-
ing to Detroit in 1876. engaged as book-keeper for
Baxter, the clothier. While there he learned the art
of cutting. In 1 880 he began business for himself on
Grand River Ave., where he employs eight persons.

He married Annie M. Sims, of Ontario, in 1879.
They have four children, George E., Laura B.,
Olive F., and Wilfred S. Mr. Mitchell's father
was born in Ireland, and his mother in Scotland.
They were married in Ontario, and had seven chil-
dren.

Henry H. Moore was born at Hume, Alle-
ghany Co., N. Y., in 1849. His father was born in
New Hampshire, and died in New York State.
His mother, born in 1812, now resides with her
son Henry, and is the mother of eight children, five
of whom are living, Charles M., Julia, now Mrs. J.
H. Hackley, Jason L., Betsey, now Mrs. J Q. A.
Clark, and Henry H. Henry married Emma
L. Robinson, of Alleghany, Nov. 23, 1869. They
settled in Michigan and engaged in farming, and in
1874 he sold his farm and engaged in the mercantile
business at Lake View, Montcalm Co., Mich. In
1885 he came to Detroit and engaged in the
grocery and general supply business at 356 and 358
Grand River Ave.

J. Wilkie Moore, a pioneer of Detroit, was
born in Geneva, New York May 13, 1814. He
settled in Detroit in 1833. He has held several
important positions, viz., member of the Board of
Education, Deputy U. S. Inspector for 14 years,
and U. S. Consul to Upper Canada. On his early
settlement he was engaged in the mercantile business
and became real estate dealer. He was the son of
Aaron and Mary (Wilkie) Moore, who was the
daughter of Dr. Wilkie, of Scotland. In 1841 he
married Margaret Berthelet, daughter of Henry
Berthelet, one of Detroit's prominent men in its
earlier history. She died in 1875, leaving one son.
Joseph B., now cashier of the Peninsular Savings
Bank, Detroit.

Samuel Moore was born in Brighton, Eng-
land, in 1846, and is the son of Jesse and Mary
(Burton) Moore. They located at Woodstock, Can-
ada, in 1849, where Mr. Moore died in 1857, leav-
ing a widow^ and nine children. Samuel learned the
carpenter's trade, and located at Detroit in 1865.
He spent some time at Grand Rapids, Mich., as
manager for a large manufacturing house, but in
1873 returned to Detroit and kept a bakery on
Woodward Ave. He purchased some real estate
on Fourth Ave., and erected two stores, and in 1 880
erected a third. In 1883 he engaged in a general
grocery and provision business. Mr. Moore mar-
ried Eliza Lawson in 1877 ; she was born in Hamil-
ton, Ontario. They have five children, Mabel,
Russell, Maud, Raymond and Elmer.

Christopher Moross is a grandson of a
French pioneer, who settled in Detroit about 1750,
and was owner of the farm owned by Mr. W. B.
Wesson, having the title from the French govern-
ment. Christopher was born in Detroit on March

I4I2

PERSONAL SKETCHES-DETROIT.

I, 1 82 1. He is the son of Victor and Theresa
(Presault) Moross. Victor was born on the home-
stead farm in Hantramck, in 1787; Theresa was
born in Sandwich, Canada, in F790, and died in
1875. They had seven children, Christopher Co-
lumbia, Cleophas, Theresa Emily, Mary Ann, and
Adeline. Victor was a captain in the War of 181 2
and went with his company to Flat Rock, with
Major DeCamp and at the surrender of Hull he met
his brother Anthony of Hull's Army. Victor was
a son of Antoine and Mary (Guoin) Moross. An-
toine was born in Montreal or Quebec, Canada his
father coming from France previous to the French
and Indian War. Antoine settled in Hamtramck ;
a part of his land is still in possession of the family.
Christopher was born on the homestead. He first
engaged in the manufacture of brick and later in
the livery and sale of stockand furnished a large
number of cavalry horses in the War of the Re-
bellion. In 1866 Mr. Moross retired from business
giving his time to the care of his real estate. He
married Emily Cicotte in 1846, daughter of Captain
James and Mary R Cicotte. They have six children;
Cleophas C. C, Victor J., Alfred A., George S.,
Emma, now Mrs J. J. Ray, Selina, now Mrs. J.
A. Ferret.

Edmund Day Morris was born in Detroit in
Nov., 1857. His parents were born and married in
Ireland, and came to Detroit in 1845. Edmund
D. was a graduate of the class of 1873, of Gold-
smith's Commercial College. In 1876 he was em-'
ployed by Raymond and Samuel Ferguson in the
lead pipe business. In 1883 he was given a work-
ing interest, and the same year the business was
organized as a corporation, with capital of $50,000,
with E. D. Morris secretary and treasurer. It is the
only lead pipe manufactory in Detroit, and gives
employment to twelve hands. Mr. Morris married
Ida S. Hall, of Detroit, in 1880. They have three
children.

Henry M. Morris was born at Quebec, Can-
ada, in 1859, and was educated in London, Eng-
land, and Paris. In 1870 he came to Detroit, and
engaged as clerk in the drug business. In 1884 he
served as traveling agent for a wholesale drug
house. In 1886 he commenced business for himself
on Grand River Ave#, where he keeps fancy articles
and all classes of drugs. He married Mary Cuyler,
of Detroit, in 1880. They have one son. Mack.
Mr Morris's parents were Edwin and Sarah (Wil-
liamson) Morris. His mother was born in Canada,
and his father in London, England.

John Murray was born in the County of Cork,
Ireland, in 1833. His parents, Thomas and Mary
(Flannery) Murray, came to Canada in 1835. His
mother died in Canada, leaving one son, John. His
father married a ^second ^wife, and they had five

children. At the age of 15, John shipped as cabin
boy, made several trips, and in 1852 left Boston on
the steamer Mary Agnes, as watchman, starting
for New Orleans. He was engaged in this business
eight years, and in i860 commanded a ^ essel on
Lake Superior, then became mate of a sailing vessel,
and in 1861 quartermaster on the revenue cutter.
He served as second mate on the Harvest Queen, and
also on the Burlington. In u66 he went on an
exploring expedition on the north coast of Lake
Superior. In 1867 he returned to Detroit, and en-
gaged with D. J. Smith, where he remained until
he engaged in business for himself on Grand River
Ave .In 1 88 1 he erected his present store and
dwelling. He married Ann Crowley, of Detroit, in
1854.

Percy F. Nasmyth was born at Woodstock,
Canada, in i860. His parents died in Canada,
leaving four children. He became a clerk in the
drug business, graduated in pharmacy in the class
of 1880, and in 1883 engaged in the drug business
at Detroit. He succeeded to the first established
drug bu.siness in Baker St. He married Kate
Davidson, of Windsor, Canada in 1888.

Henry C- Neff, physician and surgeon, was
born in Wayne Co., Mich., in 1864. His father was
born in Germany, and his mother in Canada His
father died, leaving a widow and four children, John,
William, Sophia and Henry C. Henry C. gradu-
ated in pharmacy at Toronto in 1883, ^^^ ^s a
physician from the Detroit College of Medicine in
1887, and commenced his practice as physician and
surgeon. He engaged in the drug and prescrip-
tion trade in 1884. and is now located on Fort St.

William Newsome, was born in Eckmond-
wick, England, in 1855, and is the son of James and
Mary (Shephard) Newsome, who came to Detroit
in i860. His father by trade was a mason and
stone cutter. William worked with his father in a
steam saw mill until 1876, when his father died. In
1877 he learned the blacksmith trade, and in 1883
located on Grand River Ave., and established his
blacksmith shop, wagon factory and repair busi-
ness. In 1887 he erected a large two story shop.
He married Mary Talbot, of Detroit, in 1884. They
have had three children, two of whom are living.

Thomas E. Newton, was born at Livonia,
Wayne Co., Mich , in 1865, and is the son of Mel-
vin and Mary Newton. His father, Melvin New-
ton, was born in New York State in 1831. His
mother died in 1877, leaving three children, Elva,
Thomas E. and Bert. Thomas was for a while en-
gaged in the milk business. In 1887 he engaged
in general grocery and provision business, at 394
Grand River Ave He married Caroline Lattier, in
1886. She was born in Greenfield, Wayne Co.,
Mich.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1413

George E. Osmun was born in Pontiac, Oak-
land Co, in 1865, and is the son of Abraham and
Martha (Persall) Osmun. Mr. Osmun was born in
Tompkins Co , N. Y. His wife was born in Pon-
tiac, and is the daughter of George and Mary En-
sign Persall Mr. Osmun married in 1862, and
died in 1876, leaving a widow and four children.
She married her second husband, Robert E.
Dawson, and settled in Detroit in 1880. George
E Osmun engaged in the hardware business on
Grand River Ave. and became one of the firm of
Osmun & Dawson, and in 1888 engaged in the
druggist business at No. 723 Fort St., as successor
to an old established business.

James W. Partlan was born in Detroit in
1857, and is the son of Thomas and Alice (Kelley)
Partlan. They have five children. James learned
the plumber and steam heating business in 1873.
In 1879 he was made foreman of the Detroit Metal
and Heating Works. In 1881 he went into busi-
ness locating at 40 Congress St. East, where he
now gives employment to 20 persons.

Charles A. Paulus was born in Detroit in
1848. His parents were born in France and came
to Detroit in 1847. His father was a tinsmith,
and Charles learned the business of his father, and
became clerk in a hardware store, and later on was
manager for a large firm. In 1887 he engaged in
business for himself, carrying a full line of hard-
ware, and farming implements. He married Ser-
ille DeManigold, of Toledo, O., in 1877. They
have two children, Paul and Eugene.

William B. Pen field, dealer in agricultural
implements and seeds, was born in Detroit in 1863,
and is the son of Williston S. and Angeline (Beatty)
Penfield. His mother was born in Butler Co., Pa.,
and his father in Schenectady Co., N. Y. They
married in Butler Co., and settled in Detroit, in
185 1. Mr. Penfield engaged in the tin and stove
trade, under the firm name of D. O. & W. S. Pen-
field, and became sole proprietor in 1869, when he
added the sale of agricultural implements. W S.
Penfield died on Sept. 9, 1888; his wife died Jan.
20, 1885. They had three children, Anna, now
Mrs. A. H. Munger, Mary, now Mrs Chas. A.
Strelinger, and William B., who married Virginia
Richards in 1887, and became a partner in the busi-
ness in 1888.

Joseph Perrien, of the firm of Perrien Bros.,
flour manufacturers and shippers, No. 236 Gratiot
Avenue. Detroit, Mich., was born in Loraine,
France, Jan. 12, 1833. He is the son of John and
Maria (Lothringer) Perrien. They emigrated to
America in I^47, and settled in St. Louis, Mo.,
with a family of six children, Mary, John, Agatha,
Joseph Louise, and Dominick. The father came
to Detroit in 1851, purchased a lot on Gratiot Ave.,

and erected a steam custom mill. He settled his
family in Detroit in 1856, and died in 1862. He
was born in 1800 ; his wife died in 1863. His three
sons became successors in the flour business, and
largely increased the production, enlarging the mill,
erecting a store-house with a capacity of 2,500 bar-
rels, and adding nine sets of rollers They manu-
facture 1 50 barrels daily, and give employment to
15 to 20 persons. John died in 1874, leaving a
widow and three children. Dominick died Aug.
30, 1885. The firm operate extensively in the real
estate business. Joseph is Vice-President of the
Peninsular Savings Bank,

Fred W. R. Perry, son of Dr. W. W. and
Sophia B. Perry was born at Superior City, Doug-
las Co., Wisconsin, in 1859. He received a liberal
education, graduating in pharmacy at Ann Arbor
in the class of 1880. He engaged as clerk in
Grand Rapids, and in 1882 came to Detroit and
opened a store at 709 Woodward Ave His father.
Dr. W. W. Perry was born, in 1826, in New York
State, coming to Michigan with his parents in 1829,
and died at Hancock. Houghton Co., in 1877, leav-
ing three children, Gertrude A , Mary P., and F.
W. R. Perry.

David Peterkin was born in Upper Canada
in 1848, and settled in Detroit in 1859, with his
parents, James and Catharine (Black) Peterkin.
David enlisted in the war in 1864, and was dis-
charged in 1867. He returned to Detroit, en-
gaged as fireman on the Michigan Central R. R.,
and was promoted to position of engineer, which
position he resigned in 1885, to give his attention
to the market business which he had established
in 1 88 1. He purchased a lot and erected a store
and dwelling, and engaged in the grocery and
general supply business. He married Maggie
Bemis, of Detroit in 1870. He was elected Alder-
man of his ward in 1886.

Robert Pound is manager of the Enterprise
Machine Works corner of Fort and Beaubien Sts.,
in which he purchased an interest in 1885 The
business was founded in 1881. They are now en-
gaged in manufacturing several specialties as well
as building all classes of machinery to order, and
attending to general repairing ; also building steam
engines and patent gear cutting attachments for
lathes. Mr. Pound was born in Detroit, in 1854,
and is the son of James H , and Eleanor (Meginnity)
Pound, His father was born in Dover, England,
in 1828, and came to Hamilton, Canada, with his
parents in 1834. He learned the machinist trade,
and settled in Detroit, in 1847, and married in 1851.
They have three sons, James Henry Robert, and
George C. James H. is a lawyer. Robert a ma-
chinist, and George G. a printer and publisher.

Edward W. Price, one of the leading and

HH

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

successful bakers of Detroit, was born at Newark,
N. J., in 1850. He is the son of James and Catha-
rine (Bowman) Price. They had three children,
William, Edward, and Mary. Edward W. married
Charlotte Lang, of Toronto, in 1872; they have
three children, Charles, William, and Carrie. Mr.
Price settled at Detroit in 1872 as a journeyman
baker. In 1874 he opened a store for himself on
Fort St., and in 1885 located at his present store at
365 Fort St. He gives employment to some 15
persons, makes a specialty of his brand of home-
made Sunrise bread, the sales of which on Satur-
days frequently reaches over 9,000 loaves.

Anton Pulte, son of Caspar and Catharine
Pulte, was born in Westphalia, Prussia, Dec. 5, r8i6.
He was one of seventeen children, four of whom
came to America. He came to America in 1835,
and after farming for several years he settled in De-
troit, in 1842, and in 1843 began the retail grocery
trade with about $200, and laid the foundation of his
wholesale grocery trade, which now reaches $400,-
000 per annum. His book-keeper, John J. Gennin,
a native of Prussia, has been in his employ for
twenty-three years, as his confidential clerk. His
son, Anton, Jr., became partner in 1866, and at his
death, Joseph, another son, took his place, the firm
now being A. Pulte & Son. Mr. Pulte is Vice-
President of the People's Savings Bank, is a large
real estate owner, and has assisted many in a suc-
cessful start in mercantile life. He married Louisa
Gabler in 1843, who died in 1862. leaving eight
children, of whom only two remain, Joseph and
Sophie. Mr. Pulte married Elizabeth Struk, a
Prussian, in 1863. Joseph married Sophie Kaiser
in 1878, who died in 1885, leaving three children.
He then married Mary Fischbach. Joseph was Tel-
ler in the People's Savings Bank, which position he
resigned in 1876, to become partner in his fath-
er's business.

Nicholas P. Raths, Jr., was born in Detroit,
in 1862. His parents were Nicholas and Catherine
(Tanzer) Raths. His father came to Detroit in
185 1. Nicholas P. organized the firm of N. P.
Raths, Jr.. & Co., at 1443 Michigan Ave., successors
to Peter Raths, in 1883. They are dealers in hard-
ware, stoves, groceries and general provisions. He
married Bertha Miller, in 1884. They have one
daughter, Mary. His wife was born in Marquette
County, Mich.

James F. Ratigan was born at Detroit, in 186 1.
His parents, Patrick and Ellen (McAdams) Rati-
gan, were born in Ireland, and married in 1849, at
Springwells, Wayne Co., Mich. His father settled
in Detroit in 1847, was proprietor of the University
Hotel, on the River Road, from 1848 to 1854, when
he engaged in the mercantile trade. In 1861 he
located on River St., opposite the fort, erected a

store, which was destroyed by fire, and rebuilt a
block of three stores in 1876. He was born in
1820, and died in 1884, leaving a widow and six
children, William P., Mary, Nellie, Winnie, Ella,
and James F. James F. became successor to his
father's business, the firm being J. F. Ratigan &
Co., his mother constituting the company. His
father was for many years post-trader for the fort,
and James succeeded to the business.

Oliver Raymo was born at Toronto, in 1848,
and is the son of Charles and Anna (Dumas) Ray-
mo. His parents died in Canada, leaving seven
children, six of whom are now living. Oliver came
to Detroit in 1870, and engaged as clerk in a whole-
sale stove house and general hardware, where he
remained 15 years, and then engaged in business
for himself at 1002 Michigan Ave. _He married
Mary Broderick in 1875. They have five children,
James E., Charles H., Catherine E., Louis H., and
Irene.

Alexander B. Raymond, son of William A.
Raymond, was born in Detroit in January, 1850. He
was educated in Detroit, and graduated as civil en-
gineer from the University of Michigan in 1871.
He at once began serving as assistant engineer for
the following railroads : In 1871 and 1872, for the
Michigan and Chicago Lake Shore; in 1872 and
1873, for the Michigan Central, in the laying of
their double track ; and in 1873, 1^74 and 1875, for
the New York Central, in the laying of their four
tracks, with headquarters at Rochester, N. Y. In
1875 he was appointed Assistant. City Engineer of
Detroit, which position he left in May, 1877, to en-
gage in the grocery and provision business at his
present stand, 693 and 695 Woodward Ave. Detroit,
his native city, he has chosen for his future home.
On June 6, 1877, he married Mary R. Whiting,
daughter of Col. Henry Whiting, of St. Clair, Mich.

Charles Reeber & Brother are dealers
in domestic and foreign dry goods, carpets, etc.
Charles was born in Germany, in 1850. He learned
the carpenter trade, and subsequently became clerk
in a dry goods house, continuing until 1879, when
the present ■ firm was organized. Charles married
Helen Lutticke, of Detroit, in 1879. They have four
children, Clara, Bertha, Helen, and Charles. Jr. His
brother, Joseph, was born in Germany in 1855. He
married Dora Willsberger in 1881. They have four
children, Mamie, Alvord, Joseph, Jr., and Henry.
Their parents were Joseph and Mary (Kirchner)
Reeber. His father died in 1876, leaving a widow
and three sons, Charles, Joseph, and William.
Charles Reeber & Bro. located in their new stores,
967 and 969 Michigan Ave., in 1888.

Warren P. Reed was born at Redford, Wayne
Co., Mich., in 1847. His parents, Jesse W. and
Maria (Coon) Reed, came to Michigan in 1830, set-

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1415

tied at Redford, and engaged in farming and stock
raising. His mother died in 1850, leaving eight
children, Charles, George, Emma, Margetta, Alford,
Edwin, Warren P., and Jesse, Jr. Albert enlisted in
the 7th Michigan Infantry, and was killed. Charles
enlisted in the same company, and Alford in the 5th
Michigan. In 1868 Mr. Reed was engaged in the
manufacture of salt. He also taught school three
years, and in 1 874 engaged in the cooperage busi-
ness. In 1876 he came to Detroit, and opened his
present dry goods and general supply stores, at 445
and 447 Grand River Ave. He married his second
wife, Malvina Campbell, in 1875. Ttiey have four
children, Burton, Fred, Gertie, and Phil.

Edwin Reeder was born at Lemington, Eng-
land, April 18, 1 81 8. His parents, John and Eliza-
beth (Ellis) Reeder, had ten children, four of whom
still survive, viz., Elizabeth, Edwin, Harriet, and
Isabella. The parents died in England. • In 1854
PLdwin came to Detroit. The following year he en-
tered the Commercial College at Pittsburgh, Pa., and
after graduating returned to Detroit and became
bookkeeper in the office of the Detroit and Lake
Superior Copper Mining Co., which position he still
retains. In i856*he married Elizabeth Thorley, who
was born in England. They have four children,
three of whom are married. Before leaving Eng-
land Mr. Reeder united with the Methodist Church,
and for fifty years he has been a devoted member,
and is now an earnest Sunday-school worker.

Richard August Reuther, sculptor, mod-
eler and carver in stone, wood and marble, was born
at Detroit in 1859. His parents were born in Sax-
ony, Germany, came to America in 1848, and in
1855 settled in Detroit and engaged in the dry goods
trade. His father died in 1876, leaving a widow and
eight children, five of whom are now living, Herman,
Emma, Bertha, Richard and Victor. • Richard re-
ceived a classical education, acquired his profession,
and opened his place of business in 1882, where he
gives employment to from three to eight persons.
He is a prominent officer and stockholder in the Art
Stove and Range Works of Detroit, located on the
corner of Russell St. and Milwaukee Ave. Herman
Reuther enlisted in the loth Michigan Battery,
served three years, and was discharged with his
regiment.

George Rhode wasborn'in Detroit, Nov. 28,
1 85 1, and is the son of Joseph and Anna Maria
Rhode, who were born in Prussia, and married at
Detroit in 1850. His father, by trade, was a pattern
maker. They had seven children, of whom five are
living, George, Gertie, Elizabeth, Ferdinand, and
Mary. His father erected a store and dwelling on
Gratiot Ave., in 1870, and George engaged in the
grocery and general supply business with him. In
1^88 his father retired from active business.

Thomas H. Richards was born in Devonshire,
Eng., in 1846. He is the son of John and Grace
(Harris) Richards, who settled in Orleans Co., N.
Y., in 1856. Thomas was educated at Medina, and
graduated at a commercial college. He came to
Detroit in 1872 as prescription clerk in a drug store.
In 1877 he engaged in the business for himself as
successor to Dr. Monroe. He married Martha E.
Parish, of Detroit, in 1879. They have two chil-
dren, William Adelbert and Gilbert R. Parish. His
wife was born in Canada ; her parents were from
northern New York.

Claus Ringe, Jr., was born at Hanover,
Prussia, in 1833. In 1850 he came to Philadelphia,
where he learned the confectionery trade. He
married Anna Joest, of Philadelphia, in 1855. She
died in 1885, leaving five children. He married his
second wife, Catherine Mayer, in 1886. In 1862 he
settled in Macomb Co., and engaged in farming, but
in 1868 came to Detroit and entered the grocery
and dry goods business. He erected his dwelling
and store on Twelfth St. in 1876.

Charles W. Robinson was born in Green-
ville, Canada, in 1830. He engaged in farming in
1859, and was afterwards in the mercantile busi-
ness from which he retired and settled in Detroit,
in 1863. In 1866 he purchased a homestead of five
acres out Grand River Ave., planting the first vine-
yard in Wayne Co., Mich., also cultivating vege-
tables. His grapes proved a success, and he has
added 25 acres more, having over fifteen thousand
vines. He also leased a plat of 15 acres. Mr.
Robinson is now manufacturing some 20,000 gallons
yearly, of pure grape wine, which is highly ap-
preciated for medical use. He still continues the
vegetable business. His erected his present dwell-
ing and wine cellar in 1874. He married Elizabeth
McMartin, in 1850. They have had seven children;
Wellington L., Malcolm C, Charles W., Jr., Anna,
Washington I., Emma, and Lafayette L. Wash-
ington graduated as a lawyer in 1888. Mr. Robin-
son is the son of Jeremiah and Rebecca (Smyth)
Robinson. His father was born in A-lbany, N. Y.;
his mother is of Scotch parentage.

William C. Ross, son of Andrew and Jane
(McDonald) Ross, was born in St. Mary's, Canada,
in 1838. His parents were Scotch, and coming to
this country, settled first in Canada, and after a
time came to Chesterfield, Macomb Co., Mich.,
where Mrs. Ross died in 1854, leaving seven chil-
dren, Daniel A., William C, Andrew, Belle and
Julia. John enlisted in the First Michigan Regi-
ment in 1 86 1, and was killed in the Battle of the
Wilderness. The body never was found. He was
26 years old. Andrew and George enlisted in 1862
and served to the close of the war, the former in the
22d, the latter in the 24th Regiment. The father

I4I6

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

was born in 1807 and died in 1881. William C.
settled in Detroit in 1855 ; in 1857 he manufactured
lath at St. Clair, and in 1859 he, with two others,
crossed the plains, via St. Joe and Salt Lake, and
engaged in mining on the Pacific coast, where he
remained until 1866, returning via the Isthmus to
New York City, after much varied experience. In
1870 he began the lumber business at the corner of
Michigan Ave. and Griswold St., and in 1882 on
Woodward Ave. He afterwards joined Mr.
Spaulding, under the name of Spaulding, Ross &
Co., and in 1885 dissolved partnership and started
for himself, at No. 792 Grand River Ave. He mar-
ried Alida H. Balsley, of Detroit, in 1869. They
have three children, Cora D., born Sept., 1871,
Edgar E., born 1873, and William C, Jr., born 1879.

Arthur William Roth was born at Detroit
in 185 1. His parents were Louis and Fannie
(Zerna) Roth. His father died, leaving a widow
and three children, Alfrida, Robert and Arthur W.
His parents were born in Saxony, Germany.
Arthur W. was educated in the Detroit schools,
studied chemistry and pharmacy at Chicago, and in
1862 engaged as prescription clerk in Detroit. In
1875 he opened a store for himself on Croghan St.

Frederick Ruehle, son of John V. and Susan
(Cronenwith) Ruehle, was born in Baden, Ger-
many, Feb. 24, 1 816. They came to Detroit in
August, 1832, with four children, John, Frederick,
Mary and Margaret. Frederick learned the jewelry
business in Germany, but finding no work at his
trade in Detroit, he learned the cabinet trade, and
in 1855 began with his brother in the grocery and
baking business, in which they were successful. In
1843 they dissolved partnership, Frederick continu-
ing the business. In 1841 he enlisted in the Scott
Guards, in which he served from Corporal to Cap-
tain, and as Captain was prominent in the Com-
pany, and organized a company of 100 men for the
United States Army, and assisted to fill Col. Stock-
ton's, the 1 6th Regiment Michigan Volunteers, in
1862, becoming responsible for several thousand
dollars to furnish substitutes for the war. He was
a War Democrat. He has held the position of
Alderman and also a mefnber of the Board of Pub-
lic Works. He sold out his business in 1871, and
began the real estate. In 1886 he retired. He
married Dorothy Ungerer, in Detroit, in 1836. She
died in 1885, leaving ten children, Dorothy, Freder-
ick, Caroline, Emily, Charles W., Fanny, Julia,
George, Ella and Laura.

Herman Schaale was born in Germany in
1834. His parents, Karl and Christina Schaale,
died in Germany. He came to Detroit in 1855,
and commenced the butchering business. In 1872
he engaged in the manufacture of fine sausages,
with a steam engine of 15-horse power. In 1873

he erected a market and dwelling on Fort St., and
has a large wholesale trade. By his first wife,
Elizabeth (Yax) Schaale, he had one child. He
married his second wife, Charlotte Krumbach, in
1 87 1. She was born in Prussia. They have four
children.

August Schelbe was born at Detroit in 1858,
and is the son of August and Christina (Dash)
Schelbe. His father was born in Germany, in 1834,
and settled in Detroit in 1854. His mother died in
1 87 1. They had three children, August, Louisa,
and John. His father married for a second wife
Catherine Cronenwett, who was born July 12, 1840.
They have five children, Herman, Elizabeth M.,
Catherine C, Adam H., and Walter. August, Jr.,
married Ellen Citrelet, of Detroit, in 1883. He Suc-
ceeded his father in the grocery and general supply
store.

Otto Schemansky was born in West Prussia
in 1852. His parents came to Detroit in 1870. In
1872 Otto commenced to learn the monument and
designing trade, and continued the same until 1880,
when he went on the police force, and served two
years. He then resigned and resumed his marble
business. He purchased his stor^ on Gratiot Ave.
in 1878. He married Mary Lenz, of Detroit, in
1876. They have five children.

William Schook was born in Prussia in 1840.
He was enrolled in the Prussian army in 1858,
called out in i860, and served three years. He mar-
ried Johanna Schemer, in 1865, in Prussia. In 1866
they came to America, locating at Detroit. In 1868
he moved to the Lake Superior mining district, and
engaged in farming. In 1883 he returned to De-
troit, and purchased his hotel on Ferry St., on the
D., M. & G. T. R. R. They have two children,
William, Jr., born in Prussia, and Anna, born in
1879 at Marine City, Mich.

Schulte & Kaiser, dealers in groceries and
provisions, succeeded to the grocery business of
Anthony Grosfield on Jan. 15, 1881. Willebald
Schulte was born in Westphalia, Germany, in 1852,
and settled in Detroit in 1870. He engaged as
clerk in the grocery business, where he remained ten
years, and until he organized the present firm. An-
thony Kaiser was born in Westphaliaj Germany, in
1855. He came to Detroit in 1874, and is now one
of the above named firm.

Ernest Schweim was born in the north of
Germany, in 1850, and learned the carriage and
wagon trade. He came to Detroit in 1872, and
formed the firm of Schweim & Essler, on Lafayette
(now Champlain) St. In July, 1888, a branch shop
was established. The firm is now Belnap, Essler &
Co. Mr. Schweim married Rickey Turner in 1875.
She was born in Germany. They have three chil-
dren, Willie, Ernest and Anna.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1417

George Jacob Sexauer. hardware merchant
of Detroit, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1846,
and is the son of Tobias and Ursula (Hoefflin) Sex-
auer. George came to America in 1867, and found
employment at his trade as journeyman tinsmith in
New York City. He came to Detroit in 1873, and
engaged in the hardware trade, under the firm name
of Welz & Sexauer. He subsequently sold his in-
terest in that firm and engaged in the general hard-
ware business for himself, employing from 10 to 15
persons. He married Wilhelmina Eich, of Toledo,
Ohio, in 1870 She died in 1879, leaving two chil-
dren, Lilla and Frederick. He married his second
wife, Isabella Bick, in May, 1880. They have two
children, Amelia and Edward.

Cornelius Sheehy was born in the County of
Kerry, Ireland, on June 4, 1836, and is the son of
Martin and Margaret Sheehy. He came to America
in 1848, settling at Buffalo, N. Y. From there he
went to Erie, Pa., in 185 1. All of Mr. Sheehy 's
school advantages were obtained in the common
schools of these two cities. In 1854 he removed to
Toronto, Canada, where, on May i of the same
year, he entered into the employ of the Northern
Railway of Canada. In 1864 he severed his con-
nection with that company and came to Detroit,
where he was employed successively by the Michigan
Southern Railway, the Michigan Central, and the
Canada Southern, and after June i, 1877, was the
Canadian passenger agent of the Wabash Railroad
Company. Mr. Sheehy resigned this last position to
enter the employ of the Canada Pacific Railway.
He is a self-made, self-educated man, who by per-
severance and strict attention to business has risen
to his present position. He is of a genial, kindly dis-
position, and is highly esteemed by all who know
him.

DeWitt C. Spaulding, son of Henry and
Amy E. (Askins) Spaulding, was born in Catta-
raugus County, New York, in 1843. Henry w^as
born in 1799 in Vermont, and died in 1870, his wife
having died ten years before. DeWitt came to
Detroit in i860 and enlisted in Company G.,
Eighth Michigan Infantry. In 1861 he re-enlisted in
the same company, and at the close of the war, in
1865, he engaged in Detroit as bookkeeper. In 1875
he began the lumber business in Wayne, and in
1880 he formed the firm of Spaulding, Ross & Co.,
at 265 Trumbull Avenue. In 1886 he became the
sole proprietor. Mr. Spaulding married Mattie
Black, of Fentonville, Michigan, in 1867. She died
in 1 87 1, leaving one son, Ray C. On May 27, 1874,
Mr. Spaulding married Isabella Ross. They have
three children, Mattie B., James G., and DeWitt
C, Jr.

Speck Brothers, furniture dealers at 684 and
686 Michigan Ave., are sons of Joachim and Julia

Ann Louisa (Rebehn) Speck, who settled at De-
troit[in 1 865 . The father was born in 1 8 1 5, and died
at Wyandotte in 1878. He had a family of 11 chil-
dren, of whom ten came to America; one daughter
remained in Germany. Henry Speck was born in
1849, ^^^ Jacob in 1857. Jacob learned the
cabinet maker's trade, and Henry learned the cigar
trade and conducted the same until 1882, when he
entered into partnership with his brother. , Jacob
married Dora Otto in 1882. She was born in Ger-
many. They have four children Hattie, Frederick,
Amanda, and Mary.

Joseph Spitzley, son of Stephen and Agnes
(Thomas) Spitzley, was born at Mayen, Rhein Preu-
sen, Germany, in 1840. He came wath his parents
to Detroit in 1848. In 1861 he enlisted in Company
D, 2d Kansas Regiment, under Col. Mitchel, and
served two and a quarter years, and was discharged
with his regiment at Fort Leavenworth. He mar-
ried Louisa E. Schmitz, Oct., 1863. In 1866 he
joined the firm of Pip & Spitzley Bros. In 1868
the firm became Spitzley Bros, who now rank among
the-first builders in Detroit. His father, Stephen,
was born in 1800 and died in 1865, leaving seven
children. His mother died in 1853.

Joseph Spranger was born in Germany, in
1 838, and is the son of Conrad and Anna M.(Koch)
Spranger. They married in Prussia, and emigrated
to America in 1841, settling in Detroit with two
children, Joseph and Mary; and three others,
Catherine, John, and Anna M., were born in De-
troit. The father died in 1852, and the mother in
1886. Joseph acquired an English education, and
at the age of 14 learned the boiler trade. In 1870,
he and his brother John began the manufacture of
boilers. In 1877 he purchased his present location,
and in 1878 he became sole proprietor. The firm
is now J. Spranger & Sons, and is located at Nos.
1 1 94-1 196 Atwater St. Mr. Spranger married
Amelia Cuney, in 1861. She was born in Switzer-
land. She died on Jan. 13, 1881, leaving a family
of nine, of whom eight are now living, viz., John J.,
William J., Henry, Louis A., Amelia, Mary, Estella,
and Walter. Mr. Spranger married his second
wife, Rosa Cuney, in 1883.

Oscar M. Springer was born Nov. 7, 1859,
his earlier years being spent in the town of Lynn,
St. Clair Co. From 1872 to 1880 he lived at Petro-
lia, Ontario, where his father was engaged in the
oil business. He attended the usual grammar
schools, and soon after his arrival in Detroit early in
1880 commenced the study of law, studying in the
offices of Edmund Hall, A. F. Willcox, and F. A.
Baker. He was admitted to the bar in 1881, but
continued in the office of Mr. Baker, being with
him for some two years. He has been in practice
for himself for a number of years, and gives special

Hi8

JPERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

attention to railroad and insurance law, but has
been engaged in some notable criminal cases, and
is specially diligent and painstaking in his prac-
tice. He was married on Oct. 28, 1885, to Emma
A. Wreford. One of the most attractive and
unique business and residence buildings in the city,
known as the Utopia and located on the northwest
corner of Bagley Avenue and Clifford Street, erected
by Wm. Wreford, was in large part designed by
him, and shows evidence of good business judgment
and good taste as well.

Francis X. Stark was born in Bavaria, Ger-
many, in 1845, and came to New Baltimore, Ma-
comb Co., Mich., in 1851. His father died the same
year, and the widow and two children came to De-
troit in 1854, and began farming and with her son
Francis's help, she soon had 100 acres. In 1870 she
purchased 80 acres of the Inkster farm, paying
$1,000, and sold the same for $1,900. She then
bought 100 acres for $2,500 and sold it for $5,000.
She next purchased four acres of the Lancy tract
for $400, and soon after sold it for $4,000. In 1869
she purchased 330 acres at Mt. Clemens, where she
resided until 1876 when she returned to Detroit.
She assisted her son in the brick manufacturing
business, and contributed to the county fund in
aid of the soldiers' families in the late war.
Francis X. married Mary Livernois Aug., 1868.
They have four children.

J. F. Sullivan, a prominent florist of Detroit,
was born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1859, and is the
son of Cornelius and Julia (Gleason) Sullivan. He
received a good education, and having a great
fancy for the rose, he made it his leading spe-
cialty. In 1880 he went to Louisville, Ky., in charge
of extensive floral grounds. In 1886 he resigned
the position and settled in Detroit, renting five
acres on Gratiot Ave. He now gives employment
to from five to ten persons. He married Maggie
A. Harrington in 1882. She was born in Philadel-
phia, Pa. They have a family of three children,
Norman, Helena and Irene. Mrs. Sullivan is the
daughter of John and Ellen Harrington.

Stephen Taplin was born at Hampshire,
Eng., in 1834, and is the son of William and Ann
(Barnes) Taplin, who died in England. They had
nine children, of whom six are living. Stephen re-
ceived a liberal education and served an apprentice-
ship with several of the leading florists of England,
becoming proficient in his business, which he has
always followed. He has 1 1 acres of land under
cultivation confined to the raising of choice roses,
shrubs and small fruits, and makes a specialty of all
kinds of floral designs. He married Sarah Rollison
in London, England, and in 1 869 they came to
America and settled at Detroit. They have three
children, Tom, Emily, and William. In 1871 he

purchased 100 ft. front on Fort St., and now owns
200 ft., which is occupied by his green houses. He
gives' employment to from 10 to 20 persons.

Henry C. Thomm was born in Oswego Co., N.
Y., in 1859. He served as a drug clerk in New
York city, and in 1880 graduated in pharmacy. He
next came to Detroit and engaged with his brother
Lewis in the grocery business, and in 1884 they
located on Woodward Ave. north of the railroad
station in grocery and crockery business. In 1886
they dissolved and Henry continued the business,
and is one of the oldest merchants in that section.
He married Mame Davey, of Detroit, in 1886.
They have one daughter, Wanda. Mr. Thomm is
secretary of the People's Loan Association, and was
active in organizing the association.

James B. Thompson, one of the leading florists
of Detroit, is located at Nos. 1077 to 1085 Third
Ave. He was born in Perthshire, Scotland, Sept.
1846, and is the son of Robert and Ann (Morris)
Thompson. James B. received a good education.
He married in Scotland, in 1867, Miss Han-
nah May. They, emigrated to Detroit in 1868,
where he found employment as a mason. In 1870
he engaged in the contract business on Third Ave.,
near Canfield Ave., and in 1874 he purchased on
Third Ave., a lot 90x100 feet. In 1876 he added
60 feet to his grounds, and in 1878 erected his
dwelling and conducted an extensive florist busi-
ness. He has a family of two sons, James D. and
Arthur T.

Thomas Tucker, Jr., was born at Devonshire,
England, in Feb., 1853, and is the son of Thomas
and Ann T. Tucker, who came to America in 1873
and settled at Flint, Mich. They had seven chil-
dren, William, John, Henry, Thomas, Jr., Robert
and Eli. Thomas learned the hardware trade, and
came from Flint in 1879 to clerk forStandart Bros.,
of Detroit. In 1882 he engaged in business with
Mr. Roberts, under the firm name of Tucker &
Roberts, at 483 Grand River Ave. At the death
of his partner in Feb., 1886, Mr. Tucker became
sole proprietor of the hardware house. He married
Lydia Robinson, of England, in 1875 at Flint, Mich.
They have one daughter, Ethel.

Thomas P. Tuite was born in St. Catherines,
Ontario, in 1848. His parents, Patrick and Ann
(McGinnis) Tuite, were born in Ireland, and mar-
ried in Detroit in 1838. Thomas enlisted in Com-
pany G, 74th New York Vol., from Buffalo, June
1863, and was discharged with his regiment. Mr.
Tuite settled in Detroit in 1864, learning the
plumbing, tin and stove business. He located in
1880 at 239 Jefferson Ave., where he is often con-
sulted on scientific ventilating and plumbing. He
was elected Councilman in 1886, and City Treas-
urer in 1887. He married Mary Ann Ryan, of

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

1419

Detroit, in 1873. They have two sons, Patrick S.,
and Charles R. He was an active member of the
fire department from 1865 to 1872.

Nicolas Vandenbelt, druggist and prescrip-
tionist of 33 Lafayette Ave., was born at Kalama-
zoo, Mich., in 1859. He was educated at Hope
College, Holland, Ottawa Co., Mich., and graduated
in pharmacy at the university of Ann Arbor in 1S82.
He entered the drug business as clerk in 1886, and
became the successor of A. B. Stevens, chemist,
prescriptionist and general druggist.

George W. Videan was born at Detroit in
1859. His father was born in England, and his
mother in Prussia. They had five children, of
whom four are living, George W., William, Min-
nie, and Emma. His parents died in Detroit.
At the age of 13 George became clerk in a dry
goods house. In 1881 he engaged in business for
himself, and carries a full line of ladies' and gents'
furnishings and fancy articles. He married Amelia
Born. They have one daughter, Violet. Mr. Videan
is one of the successful enterprising merchants of
Detroit.

Eusebe J. ViLLEROT was born in France in
1845. His parents came to Wayne Co. in 1852.
Eusebe learning the carpenter's trade, and in 1871
settled in Detroit, and worked at his trade. In
1873 he purchased land and later on erected a
store, where in 1882 he engaged in the grocery
business. He married Louise DeGrace, of Detroit,
in 1873. They have two children, Adolph and
Josephine.

George J. Vinton, son of Warren G. and
Jane E (Putnam) Vinton, was born in Detroit in
1859. He graduated from the high school in 1878,
and became book-keeper for and subsequently
member of the firm of Vinton & Co. He married
Annie A. Mitchell, of Detroit, in Oct., 1883. She
died in Aug., 1885, and in Oct., 1887, he married
Rosa B. King, of Brooklyn, N. Y. The firm of
Vinton & Co., now located at 126-146 Woodbridge
Street East, gives employment to several hundred
men.

Warren G. Vinton was born in Utica, N.
Y., in 1830, removing with his parents at an early
age to Fulton, N. Y., where he learned the car-
penter's trade, and at the age of eighteen com-
menced the contract carpenter and building busi-
ness, erecting many of the prominent buildings at
that time in Fulton. In 1853 he visited California,
and on his return settled in Detroit, and in 18 54 be-
gan business, employing five or six men, having an
increasing business for over thirty years. In 1884
he admitted his son, George J., to the firm ; in 1887
it became Clark, Vinton & Co.. and on the death
of Mr. Clark, in 1889, the name was changed to
Vinton & Co., and located on Woodbridge St East,

where they employ hundreds of men. He married
Jane E. Putnam at Pinckney, Mich., in 1858. She
was a native of Cleveland, O. They have had six
children, four of whom are living, George J., Guy
W., Clara J., and Blanche. Mr. Vinton was com-
missioned to raise a company at the outbreak of
the war with the South and became Captain, but
owing to ill health was compelled to resign after
a few months' service. He has been a promin-
ent republican, and was appointed for three terms
on the building committee of the Eastern Michigan
Asylum, and Trustee of the same institution or
eleven years.

James A. Visger, son of Joseph and Ann
(Godfro^O Visger, was born in Springwells, July
30, 1824. Jacob Visger was born in Schenectady,
N. Y., settled in Detroit at an early date, and
married Agatha Cicotte. They had two children,
Joseph and Catherine. Jacob was a Colonel in
the War of 181 2. Joseph, the father of the sub-
ject of this sketch, was born in 1796. He also
served in the War of 1812, and received a land
warrant from the government. Joseph died June
30, 1855. He had fourteen children, eight of
whom are now living. He was a Captain in the
militia, was Township Treasurer, and at the time
of his death w^as Justice of the Peace at Ecorce.
James A., at the age of 21, was elected Township
Treasurer of Ecorce, holding the office for seven
years, being afterward Town Clerk and County
Auditor. In 1872 he settled in Hamtramck, where
he has since been identified with the interests of
the town. Mr. Visger was appointed Deputy
Register of Deeds in 1883, holding the office for
six years. In January, 1 889, he opened a real es-
tate office in the Moffat Block in conjunction with
his son Robert H. James A. married Phyllis Beau-
bien in 1849. They have had eleven children, seven
of whom are living.

Samuel W. Wayson was born in Washington,
D. C, in 1855, and is the son of Israel and Mary
(Conner) Wayson. His father died in Washington
in 1856, leaving a widow and nine children, five of
whom survive, Matilda, Mary, Joseph, James and
Samuel W. The mother came with her children
to Detroit in 1868. Samuel W., found employment
with Newcomb, Endicott & Co., later became ship-
ping clerk for a tobacco firm, then engaged as tele-
graph messenger, becoming an operator in 1872.
He then learned the plumbing trade, and in 1877
he began the plumbing business with a small capi-
tal. In 1878 he formed a partnership with David
T. Rogers, which firm continued until Jan. 1889.
when they organized a company called the West-
ern Plumbing and Heating Co., locating at No. 138
West Larned St., with a capital of $50,000, Mr.
Wayson being treasurer, He married Gertrude L.

1420

PERSONAL SKETCHES— DETROIT.

Barker, of Detroit, March 5,^879. They have three
children, Edna, Gertrude and Henry.

Henry A. Weber, boot and shoe dealer, was
born in the Electorate of Hessia, Germany, in 1852
and is the son of George and Mary (Schick) Weber.
They had six children. Henry A. came to America
in 1872. From 1874 to 1880 he was clerk for L. L.
Farnsworth. In 1880, he, with a brother, began busi-
ness for themselves on Gratiot Ave., and during the
same year opened their store on Michigan Ave.
In 1884 they dissolved partnership. Henry married
Mary Theresa Walter, of Detroit, in 1879. They
have four children, Harry W. Charles J., Chester,
and Lillie.

Charles F. West, physician and surgeon, was
born at Chatham, Kent Co., Canada, in 1854. He
read medicine with Dr. Roe, of Chatham, and
graduated from the medical and surgical depart-
ment of the University of Michigan in 1876. He
practiced at Chatham until 1880, when he came to
Detroit, locating at 390 Baker St.

John L. Whipple, owner of the Whipple
Steam Rolling Flour Mills, was born at Lansing,
N. Y., in 1826. His parents were born in Ver-
mont. His early life was spent in sailing on Lake
Erie. In 1850 he was mat?, and became master of
a ship. The same year he purchased the tug
Bruce,- and engaged in towing. He settled at De-
troit in 1 85 1, and built the tug, George W. Parker.
In 1868 he retired from the business, engaging in
the manufacture of wooden ware, chairs, boxes and
spring beds, shipping some 20,000 of his spring
beds annually. In 1875 he bought out his partner
and moved to Wyandotte, and added a steam flour
mill to his business. In 1887 he returned to De-
troit, and erected his extensive mills of 70-horse
power, on West Fort St. and Columbus Ave. By
his first wife, Anna (Nelson) Whipple, he had two
children. He married his second wife, Maggie Dit-
man, of Detroit, in 1880. They have one child.

David White was born in Belfast, Ireland,
Jan. 26, 1838, and is the son of Robert and Eliza-
beth (Robinson) White, who came to America and
settled in Romeo, Macomb Co., Mich., where Mrs.
White died, leaving nine children, seven of whom
are living, namely: Elizabeth J.^ David, Robert,
Anna, John, James, and Lydia. The father enlisted
in the war of 1861, and served until its close. He
was by trade a plasterer, and his four sons learned
the trade. David White married Mary E. Sullivan,
of Detroit, July 25, i860. They have four daughters,
Belle, Lillie M., Anna E., and Dida Mary. Mr.
White settled at Detroit in 1873, and engaged in
the jobbing building business, and employed a
large force of men. He retired from the building
business and began the manufacture of plaster
paris ornaments, such as center-pieces, brackets.

cornices, etc. He is the only manufacturer in this
line, and is located at 521 Grand River Ave., where
he has a fine business, wholesale and retail.

William Hall Williams was born at Lon-
don, Ont., in 1849. He married Sarah E. Phillips,
of Detroit, in 1880. She was born Sept. 16, i860.
They had three children. He is engaged in the
manufacture of pickles and vinegar under the firm
name of Williams Bros. & Charbonneau. The
factory and works are located on Grand River Ave.
and 19th St. His parents were natives of England.
His wife's father, Henry T. Phillips, was born at
Philadelphia, Pa.; her mother in New York. They
reside in Detroit.

Captain William Wilson was born at Hull,
Yorkshire, England, in 1805. At 15 years of age
he began a life on the sea, made trips to the Arctic
region with Capt. William Knight, and served as
first mate on several British vessels. In 1829 he
married Mary A. Utting. She died in 1849, ^^^ i"
1 85 1 he resigned his position and came to Detroit
with his three sons, Edward, George and William.
Edward enlisted in the 24th Michigan Regiment,
and died from fever. George and William were
commanders of vessels. George is now a custom-
house officer. In 1851 Mr. Wilson commanded the
Oliver H. Perry. He retired from lake life in 1857,
and engaged in the manufacture of sails and rig-
ging. He married his second wife, Mrs. Ann Mor-
ris Allyn, in 1855. She was born in Lincolnshire,
England, in 1821.

George Winterhalter, one of the represen-
tative furniture and upholstering dealers of Detroit,
is located at No. 256 Woodward Ave. He occu-
pies four floors of 20x100 feet, and basement, giv-
ing employment to eight persons in his finishing
department. Mr. Winterhalter was the son of
Christian and Eva Winterhalter, who died in Baden,
leaving nine children, five of whom survive, Sophia,
Joseph, Theresa. George and Eva. Mr, Winter-
halter was born in Baden, Germany, in 1836. He
received a liberal education, and in*i'8'^4 came to
Detroit and found employment, where he learned
the cabinet trade, which he followed for 1 5 years.
In 1869 he organized a firm and engaged in the
general furniture and upholstering business, locat-
ing on Monroe Ave. In 1870 the firm changed and
he located on Woodward Ave , where he still re-
mains, and has always maintained a high standing
for good goods and square dealing. In 1885 he
sold his interest in the firm, and located in,his pres-
ent store under the firm name of George Winter-
halter & Son. He married Elizabeth Withahn in
1 86 1. They have two children, George W., and
Carrie.

William Wreford, who is now about 56
years old, came to Detroit from Tiverton, England,

PERSONAL SKETCHES- ECORCE.

142I

where he was born. He arrived here when he was
about 21 years old. After his arrival he worked for
the well-known Wm. Smith for a few months, and
then engaged in the business of a butcher, continu-
ing steadily and successfully in the retail trade until
about 1880, having for a long period of time a
leading position in the Central market. He then
located himself in his block on the corner of Jeffer-

son Ave. and Riopelle St., where he has the largest
wholesale and retail meat trade of any single indi-
vidual in the city. He is known as a provident and
reliable citizen, deserving of the success he has
attained. He has a wife and two children, a son
and a daughter. His wife's maiden name was
Elizabeth Webber, and his daughter is the wife of
Oscar M. Springer.

ECORCE.

John Boehle was born in Prussia, June 24,
1824. He came to America in June, 1852, and set-
tled in Detroit, where he resided until 1857, when
he removed to Taylor on a farm of 80 acres. In
1883 he purchased a farm of 100 acres in' the town
of Ecorce and has lived there ever since. He mar-
ried Minnie Grote of Detroit, Aug. 1852. They
have eight children : Augustus, Mary, Emma, John,
Henry, Minnie, Albert and Edward, who are twins,
He has been school director three years.

Louis Cicotte, merchant and manufacturer of
flour at Ecorce, was born in 1818. His parents
were born at Detroit and settled at Ecorce in 181 5.
They had a family of ten children, two now living.
His father served in the war of 181 2. Louis mar-
ried Fanny Beaubien, of Detroit, in 1847, who was
born in 1826. They have had seven children, three
of whom are living. Mr. Cicotte was supervisor
seven years, constable and custom house officer for
20 years. He erected his hotel in 1866, and owns
a farm of 37 acres of land which he purchased in
1840 at $10 per acre.

George Gehrling was born in Germany,
March 30, 1823. He came to America in 1848,
and settled in Wayne County. Since 1861 he has
lived in Ecorce, on a farm purchased at that time.
He married Mary Mettie ; they had two children,
both died in infancy.

Louis George, a merchant of Wyandotte, was
born in Germany in 1844. He is the son of An-
thony and Barbara (Burg) George, who came to
America in 1852, and settled at Dallas, Clinton Co.,
Mich. They had 13 children. Louis came to
Wyandotte in 1872, and engaged in a general mer-
cantile business, which he has largely increased.
He erected a store and dwelling in 1882, and in 1886
erected a second store. He manufactures charcoal.
His kiln is located in Isabella Co., and gives em-
ployment to 100 persons. He married Mary
Moran in 1867, who was born in Prussia, and came
to America in 1855. They have seven children,
Edward A , John L., Charles J., Anna C, George
Frederick W., Regina Henrietta, and Lewis John.

Abraham La Blanc, a general farmer, was
born at Ecorce, Mich., Oct. 17, 1820. His parents,
Peter and Theresa (Bourrasson) LaBlanc, settled at
Ecorce in 1800. His father was born in France,
was an extensive fur dealer, and fitted out fur trad-
ing vessels. Abraham married Phyllis Perry, in
1 85 1. She was born in Canada. They have eight
children. He owns 300 acres of fine farming land,
and is one of the active farmers of his town

Gustave Raupp was born in Baden, Germany,
in 1848. His father was born in 18 19, and came
with his family to America in 1851, and settled at
Brooklyn, N. Y., where his wife died in 1870, leav-
ing four children, William, Mathias, Gustave, and
Herman. William enlisted in Co. H, 6th Mich.
Infantry, re-enlisted and died at Fort Donald-
son in 1864. Gustave married Selina Peyette in
1884. They have two children. He has held office
of town treasurer one term, and supervisor, two
terms. In 1877 he formed his present business firm
of Salliotte & Raupp, lumber dealers and manu-
facturers of stave and hoops, and does an extensive
shipping business, employing some 100 to 150
persons.

Alexis M. Salliotte was born in Ecorce
township in 1837. His father, Moses Salliotte, was
born at Ecorce in 1806. His mother, Charlotte'
(Cook) Salliotte was born at TS^kshire, Eng. They
had seven children. The grandparents settled at
Ecorce in 1800. Alexis married May Rousson in
1867, who was born at Ecorce. They have had
nine children, eight of whom are living. Mr. SaL
liotte, in 1 845 kept a grocery and general supply
store. Ini 859 he manufactured boots and shoes. In
1877 he became a member of the firm of Salliotte &
Raupp, engaging in lumbering and the manufacture
of staves. In 1879 the mill was destroyed by fire,
and a new steam saw and planing mill was erected
with capacity of 50,000 feet in ten hours. They
also have mills at Ashley and Lansing, Mich., and
are extensive shippers of pine lumber. Mr. Salli-
otte has been town treasurer one term, town clerk
two terms and postmaster 16 years.

1422

PERSONAL SKETCHES-GREENFIELD.

Joseph Salliotte, merchant and proprietor of
tlie Ecorce flour mills, was born in 1840. He is
the son of Moses and Charlotte (Cook) Salliotte.
His mother died in 1856, leaving seven children,
five of v^hom are living. His father was born at
Ecorce in 1806 ; his mother was born at Yorkshire,
Eng. Joseph's grandparents settled at Ecorce in
1800. His grandfather died in 1816, his widow in
1862. Joseph married Mary Moran, in 1862, who
was born in Ireland. They have five children. He
engaged in the butchering business in 1862, and in

1882 opened a general grocery and supply store In
1884 he built his steam flour mill, roller process,
and is also engaged in farming. He has been the
Justice of the Peace for eight years.

Charles Tver was born in Ecorce, Wayne Co.,
July 15, 1864. His father, Charles Tyer, came to
America, from Germany, in 1863. and settled in
Ecorce. He has one brother and five sisters, John,
Sophia, Mary, Eliza and Minnie, who died May 7,
1888, aged 31. Charles married Sophia Smith, of
Ecorce, in 1887. They have one child, Albert.

GREENFIELD.

Gottfried Bandburg was born in Prussia in
1844 J came to America, and settled in Greenfield in
1873 ; married Ernestine Brands, of Germany, who
died in Illinois, and in 1876 he married Margaret
Strahla, of Bernstine, Prussia. He has nine chil-
dren, and owns 50 acres of land.

August Busch was born at Oslan, Prussia, in
1845; came to America in 1871 ; settled at Detroit
and engaged in butchering ; married Dora Bausta,
of Oslan, Prussia, in 1869. They have five chil-
dren. He purchased the Oldekeep estate of 80
acres, at Greenfield, where he resides. The family
are members of St. Joseph's church, of Detroit.

J. H. Byrne was born at Sandusky, O., in 1864 ;
settled in Greenfield in 1887. He carries on general
farming and fruit growing. His father, William
Byrne, was born in Ireland and came to America in
i860. His mother was also a native of Ireland.

Richard Carter was born in Yorkshire, Eng„
in 1838. His parents were natives of the same
place. He came to the United States in 1855, set-
tled at Greenfield in 1865, and married Mary Pallis-
ter, March 6, 1872. She w^as born at Greenfield in
1848. They have two children. Mr. Carter enlisted
Feb. 5, 1864, in Co. C, loth Mich. Infantry, and
re- enlisted as a veteran in the same company at
Louisville, Ky., and was discharged July 19, 1865.

James Christie was born at Perthshire, Scot-
land, in 1834. lived in Detroit nine years, and in
Canada fifteen, and in 1885 came to Greenfield,
where he is engaged in business with his son, Wil-
liam, under the firm name of J. Christie & Son,
florists. He married Margaret Fogo, who was a
native of Scotland, Her parents as well as his own
were natives of Perthshire, Scotland. Mr. and Mrs.
Christie had three children, two of whom are de-
ceased. He is a member of the masonic order.

James Inglis Cook was born in Detroit, July i,
1846. His father was born in New Jersey, in 1825,
and his mother in England. They were married in

1845, and had four children. James married Eliza-
beth Campbell, of Baileyville, III, Oct. 18, 1873.
She was born at Jersey City, N. J., Jan. 12, 1847.
Her parents were born in Pennsylvania. James was
engaged in the quartermasters' department at Chat-
tanooga during the war, and was afterwards book-
keeper for J. P. Donaldson, ship chandler of De-
troit. He is now engaged in general gardening, is
a member of masonic order and of the A. O. U. W.

Myron Coon was born in Ontario Co., N. Y.,
and married Debbe Otis, of Cherry Valley, N. Y.,
in 1851. They settled in Greenfield on a farm of
200 acres of land in 1856. He is interested in a
saw mill at Redford ; has held offices of commis-
sioner, school director, commissioner of highways,
deputy sheriff and constable ; was a member of the
legislature in 1877 and 1878; was a Corporal in
one of the old militia companies under Col. Thayer;
is an Odd Fellow and member of the Methodist
Church. In politics a Democrat. His family con-
sists of eight children.

Richard Dixon was born in Cumberland Co.,
England, and settled at Greenfield in 1840; mar-
ried Cornelia Burns of New York State, March 19,
1840. She died at Detroit, aged 59 years. Two
children were born to them. He is engaged in
general farming, and has 80 acres of land; is a
member of the I. O. O. F.

Michael Doran was born at Greenfield, in
1836, on the old Doran farm; married Phoebe
Gates at Detroit, in 1866. She was born in Oak-
land Co., Mich., in 1838. They had four children.
He has held office of Justice of the Peace, and
School Inspector. His father and mother were
both born in Ireland, came to America in 1825,
and settled in Greenfield in 1829. His father
married Margaret Slavin, in 1834. His wife's father
was born in New York State, and came to Michi-
gan in 1832. Mr. Doran has a farm of 80 acres.

Albert C. Fisher was born at Detroit in

PERSONAL SKETCHES— GREENFIELD.

1423

1846; married Francis Guering, of Vermont in
1 87 1, and settled in Greenfield in 1880. They
have ten children. He has a farm of 30 acres of
land. At present is village trustee. His father
M. M. Fisher was born in 1844, his mother was
born at Mt. Vernon, O.

Mrs. Elizabeth Ford was born in Limerick
Co., Ireland, in 181 5; married Richard Ford, of
Worcestershire, Eng., in 1840. He settled at
Greenfield with his parents in 1836. He owns
sixty acres of land, and has held office of post-
master. Mrs. Ford is the mother of six children.
Her parents were natives of Ireland, and his of
England. None of them are living.

John F.- Fox was born at Staffordshire, Eng-
land, Dec. 23, 181 5. He married Mary Ann Wor-
thington, of Stoke-on-Trent, England, in 1836, and
came to America in 1849. He settled at Greenfield,
on his present farm of 92^ acres, in 1856. Is en-
gaged in gardening and fruit growing. Has one
son George F. Fox.

Elizabeth Frank was born at Detroit, Sept.
19, 1836. Her father, A. Gies, was born at Hesse,
Germany, in 1804. Her mother, Mary Ann Schmit-
diel, was born in 1796. They settled at Greenfield
when quite young. Elizabeth married Anthony
Frank, in 1857. He was born at Baden, Germany,
in 1828. They settled on the farm where his family
reside in 1857, and have had seven children. He
held the office of Collector, Treasurer, Drain Com-
missioner, Constable and Postmaster. They are
members of St. Mary's Church, Detroit, and are
engaged in general farming and dairy produce, and
have 104 acres of land.

Edward Gates was born in Oakland Co., Mich.,
in 1856. He married Margaret Lattier, of Green-
field, in 1855. They have two children, Mabel and
Anna May. His father, Ezra Gates, was born in
New York State, and his mother in Ireland. His
wife's father, George Lattier, was born in Germany,
and her mother in Ireland. She resides at Green-
field. They have a farm of 40 acres of land.

Anthony Grix was born at Hesse, Germany,
in 1828, and came to America in 1847. He settled
at Greenfield in 1867, and married Mary Hilt, of
Hesse, in 1859. They have six children. He has a
1^ farm of 35 acres. Has held the office of School
Director, and at one time was clerk for Governor
Baldwin. Mr. and Mrs. Grix's parents were born
at Hesse, Germany.

William Houghton was born in London,
England, and came to Michigan in 1835. He was
employed in a boot and shoe house at Detroit, and
secured 20 acres of land at Greenfield and settled
there in 1837. He married Elizabeth Keal, of
Springwells. July 4, 1852. They have eight chil-
dren. His sons, William and John, are engaged in

the flour and feed business, on Grand River Ave.,
Detroit. Mr. Houghton has retired from business.

John Keal was born in Lincolnshire, England,
in 1807, and came to America with his parents,
locating at Detroit, in 1823. He married Clarissa
Hunt, in 1859. She was born at Devonshire, Eng-
land, Aug. 13, 1 8 14. They have seven children.
He has a farm of 83^ acres of land, and has been
School Director for 25 years.

Thomas Langley was born at Albany, N. Y.,
in 1831, and came to Michigan with his parents in
1832. His parents were born in England. He
married Adelia L. Smith, of Wayne Co., N. Y., in
1857. She was born in 1833. Her father, James
Smith, was born in 1777, and died in 1857. Her
mother was born in 1797, and died in 1869. He
is a retired farmer. He has been Constable and
School Inspector.

Elizabeth W. McFarlane was born in Eng-
land, in 1 816, and came to America with her parents
in 1824. She married James McFarlane at Belle-
ville, N. J., in 1839. He was born in Scotland, in
1 8 10, and came to America in 1826, settling in
Michigan, at the town of Greenfield, in 1842. He
was a member of General Thayer's ^ regiment.. He^
held the office of Justice' of the Peace, and was
Supervisor for 20 years. He was engaged in gen-
eral farming, on a farm of 100 acres. Mrs. McFar-
lane is the mother of six children. Mr. McFarlane
died in 1880.

James P. Mansfield was born in Connecticut,
Sept. 2, 1 811, and settled at Greenfield in 1848 and
married Betsey Moore of Phelps, N. Y., 1839. She.
was born in 181 9. His father was born in Connec-
ticut in 1782. and died at Phelps, N. Y., in 1845.
His mother was born in 1789, and died in 1852.
His wife's father, Washington Moore, was born in
New Hampshire, and died at Peterboro, N. H.;
her mother was born in 1781, and is also deceased.
Mr. Mansfield has 100 acres of land.

John Moore was born at Fergus, Wellington
Co., Canada, Sept. 8, 1850. His father was born
at Pittsburgh, N. Y.. in 1821, and died during the
seige of Vicksburg. He was a member of the 8th
Battery N. Y. Flying Artillery. John married Em-
ma Harland, April 11, 1881. She was born at De-
troit, May 29, 1857. They have three children.
He is engaged in general gardening at the old
Easter farm, which consists of 40 acres of land.
He has been Postmaster one term and is a mem-
ber of the A. O. U. W.

Catherine Nardin was born in France, in
1834, and came to the United States in 1848 ; mar-
ried James Nardin, at Detroit, in i860. He was
born in France, and came to America in 1848.
They had one child, born Nov.. i86r. Mr. Nardin
died April 15, 1888. They located at Greenfield,

1424

PERSONAL SKETCHES-GREENFIELD.

in i860, purchasing a farm of 46 >^ acres, upon
which Mrs. Nardin resides.
• Amos Otis was born in N. Y. State in Jan.,
1820. His father, Asa Otis, was born at Fort Ann,
N. Y., in 1800, his mother was born at Cherry
Valley, N. Y. They settled in Greenfield, on the
farm Amos now owns, in 1829. Both parents are
deceased and buried at Woodmere Cemetery, De-
troit. Amos was elected Drain Commissioner in
1 87 1, held the office two years, and also held the
office of Town Clerk, Poormaster and Town Com-
missioner. He was ist Lieutenant of a company
in Col. N. P. Thayer's regiment.

Sarah Ann Pallister was born at Leices-
tershire, Eng., in 18 19, and came to America with
her parents in 1 840 ; married Robert Pallister, of
England, in 1842, and settled at Greenfield on 40
acres of land, engaged in hop raising and general
farming. She has had three children. Her hus-
band died in 1883.

Robert, John and Matthew Pearson were
born at Yorkshire/England. Robert in 18 16, John
in 1823, Matthew in 1827. Their parents were na-
tives of Yorkshire. The boys came to America in
1850 and settled at Greenfield, where they are
engaged in general farming, and own 80 acres of
land. Robert has held office of Postmaster.

Robert Radford was born at Gravelly, Cam-
bridgeshire, Eng., in 181 2, and married Anna
Lucas, Feb. 18, 1834. She was born at St. Notes,
Huntingtonshire, Eng., in 181 7. They had ten
children. His wife's parents were born in England.
Robert Radford came to America in 1837, and was
the first gatekeeper on Grand River road ; he held
the position nine years, and then settled on his pres-
ent farm at Greenfield. His parents were born in
England, his father, who was a farmer and game
keeper,' died in 1 8 1 5 . Mr. Radford has been School
Director and Postmaster.

Henry A. Reynolds was born in Chenango
County, N. Y., June 20, 1830, and settled at Green-
field in 1856. He married Cordelia A. Hudson,
Oct. 13, 1 85 1. They have eleven children. His
father Abel, and mother Hannah Briggs, were
natives of Newport, R. L, as were also his wife's
parents. Mrs. Reynolds is a sister of Col. Charles
Tracey Hudson, who commanded the 4th Mich.
Cavalry, the regiment that captured Jeff. Davis.
Mr. Reynolds- is engaged in general farming. His
farm contains 50 acres.

William Ruthruff was born in Seneca Co.,
N. Y., in 1830. His father was born in Alleghany
Co., Pa., in 1805, and his mother in New York
State in 1808. "William located in Greenfield in
1870. He married Jane Smith, of Milford, Oak-
land Co., Sept. 30, i860. She was born in 1839.
They have two children. Mr. Ruthruff is engaged

in the manufacture of pumps and raising of choice
fruits. He served as town clerk and grain inspector.

Daniel J. Scovel was born in Vermont in
1 81 3, and came to Michigan in 1823 with his par-
ents. They first settled at Troy, Mich, and moved
to Greenfield in 1827, upon a farm of 190 acres.
Daniel married Ellen Jenkins, of New York State,
in 1833. She died in 1840, leaving two daughters.
He married his second wife Jane M. Hanmer, Dec.
2, 1 84 1. She was born at St. Albans, Eng., in
1826. They have had nine children. He has
served as Constable and Town Clerk. Has a farm
of 174 acres, but has retired from business.

Mrs. Hannah Smith was born in Yorkshire.
Eng., in 1804. She married Robert Porritt of
Yorkshire, in 1823, and came to Greenfield in 1831.
He died at Greenfield, aged about 40 years. Her
second husband, James Smith, of England, was
born in 18 10, and died in 1885. Mr. Smith held the
office of Postmaster and School Director. One
child, Joseph, was born to Mrs. Smith by her first
husband. She has a farm of eighty acres of land.

Michael Stack was born in Ireland in 1835,
and settled at Greenfield in 1867. He married
Bridget Connors at Plymouth, England, Jan., 1863.
She was born at Clankilty, Ireland, in 1835. Thir-
teen children were born to then. He served as
roadmaster one term and was in the English Navy
nine years. Mrs. Stack's father, Patrick Connors,
lives at Greenfield at the advanced age of 100
years.

LuDWiG Stephanhagan was born at Mecklen-
burg, Germany, in 1834, and came to America in
1862, settling at Greenfield. He married Frede-
ricka Guertke, of Mecklenburg. She died in 1871,
and he married Mary Asmus, of Mecklenburg, in
1872. He has eight children, and farms 80 acres of
land.

Joseph Tireman was born at Greenfield, Mich.,
Sept. 27, i860. His father was born in England in
1823, and his mother, Aug. 31, 1838, in England.
He married Maggie Moxen, of Toronto, Ont., in
Nov., 1883. Her father was born in England, and
her mother in Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Tireman
have two children, Eva, born in Aug. 1884, ^^^
Harry, born Sept. 14, 1888. They have a farm of
35 acres. ^

James F. Turner was born in Canada, June
27, 1 83 1. His father was born at Montreal, Can-
ada, in 1790, and came to Greenfield in 1861. He
married Mary Hahn, Oct. 30, 1857, who was
born in Germany, Feb. 16, 1835. They had eight
children. He has held the office of treasurer two
years, and has also been highway and drain com-
missioner. He has a farm of 114)4 acres, and is
engaged in general farming and dairy products.

Arthur G. Tyler was born at Detroit, Jan.

PERSONAL SKETCHES- HURON.

1425

12. 1847. His father was born in New Hampshire,
in 181 2, and his mother at Detroit in 1823. He
married Mary Ogle. May 30, 1870. She was born
at Pontiac in 1848. Her parents were born in New
York State. Her father is still living at Pontiac.
Mr. and Mrs. Tyler have six children. He is a mem-
ber of the Masonic Order and has a farm of 74 acres.

Howell S. Tyler was born in New Hamp-
shire in 1 8 12, settled in Greenfield in 1845, and
married Ann Caniff, of Detroit, in 1846. She was
born in 1823, and died in 1888. They had two
children, Alice and Arthur. His father, Benjamin
Tyler, was born in New Hampshire, and his mother
in Vermont. His wife's father was born in New
York, and died in Detroit ; his mother also died in
Detroit. He owns 190 acres of land, and is engaged
in general farming.

David Wallace was born in Cork Co., Ire-
land, in 1823, came to America in 1862,- and settled
at Greenfield in 1866. He married Ellen Lambert,
of Plymouth, England, in 1842. They have seven
children. His parents, and also his wife's, were
natives of Ireland. He was Postmaster one term,
and owns 50 acres of land.

T. J. Wells was born at Burlington, Vt., in
May, 1 84 1. He married Elvina H. Pierce, of Can-
ton, Feb., 1866. They have had four children.
He enlisted in May, 1861, in Co. G, 17th N. Y. Vol.;
was in Gen. Porter's Corps, Army of the Potomac.
At the expiration of two years' service, he re-en-
listed as a veteran in the i ith N. Y. Cavalry (Scott's
900), and served until the close of the war in 1865.
He is a member of Fairbanks Post, G. A. R., has
held the office of Justice of the Peace one term,
and served as member of the State Legislature Irom
the second district, of Wayne Co. He is largely
engaged in the dairy business, has about 125 cows,
and 360 acres of land.

A. H. WiLLMARTH was born at Redford, Mich.,
in 1839. His father was born in Massachussetts in
1794, and his mother in New York State in 1806.
They came to Detroit in 1824. A. H. Willmarth
married Cassandra Perry, Feb. 10, 1861. She was
born at Redford June 8, 1839. They had ten chil-
dren. He has been County Surveyor four years.
Deputy Surveyor two years, and is a member of the
Masonic Fraternity, Redford Lodge.

HURON.

William Abbott was born in Wayne Co.,
Oct. 26, 1851 ; married Hattie C. Richardson, Oct.
20, 1872. She was born Nov. 25, 1853. Their
children are; Ada J., born March 10, 1874, and
Edith L, born Aug. 16, 1881.

Rudolph Bausmer, a farmer of Huron town-
ship, was born in Germany 1846, came to America
in 1868, and married Josephine Bolk in 1868. Their
children living are Mary, Barney, Toney, Elizabeth,
Charles, John, Joseph and Martha.

Charles Bennett was born in Germany in
1 8 14; came to America in 1856 ; settled in Wayne
Co. ini857 ; married Caroline Gisman in 1848. She
was born in 1826. Their children are Betsy, Anna,
Mary Emma, Charles, Theodore, Henry and Albert.

Isaac Biddelcomb was born in England, Oct.
29, 1829; came to America in 1836, and settled in
Wayne Co in 1866 ; married Elizabeth Clara Kelley,
Dec. 20, 1854. She was born March 27, 1838.
Their children are Jane V., William H., Mary E.
and Ella B. He married his second wife, Delila
Nichols, Nov. 30, 1873. She was born in 1831.
He enlisted July 30, 1862, in Co. E, 22d Regiment
Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered
out June 26, 1865.

William Bouker, a lawyer of Waltz, was born
in Michigan, Oct. 31. 1837; came to Wayne Co. in

1848; married Jane Ash in November, 1856. She
was born in Wayne Co., in 1838. and died March
15, 1883. Their children are Mary F., Sarah E.,
Willie and Zoe. Mr. Bouker married his second
wife, Rachel Parritt, on Nov. 26, 1885. She was
born in Oakland Co., Oct. 6, 1858. One child, Ida,
was born Aug. 8, 1886. He has practiced law foi*
15 years.

James Broughton, a farmer of Huron town-
ship, was born in Ohio, Aug. 15, 1833; came to
Wayne Co. in 1840; married Eliza J. Chase in 1852.
She was born Sept. 16, 1837. Their children are
Charles, Daniel, Samuel, Lyda J., Safrona E. and
Alma A.

Orion Brown, an old settler of Wayne Co.,
was born in Orange Co., Vt., March i, 1806; came
to Wayne Co. in 1832 ; married Charlotte Sherman
in 1834. She was born in 18 14, and died Sept. 28,
1838. Their children are Mary and Charlotte. In
1852 he went to California, and while there was
engaged in mining. He returned to Wayne Co. in
1862, and has lived here since.

George Burk was born in Wayne Co., Feb. 17,
1846 ; married Agnes Winne, September, 1868. She
was born March 17, 1852. Their children are
Allen, born July 3, 1869; Walter, born Dec. 19.
1874; Eber, born Nov. i, 1879. Mr. Burk enlisted

1426

PERSONAL SKETCHES— HURON.

in 1864. in Co. B, 25th Regiment Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, and was mustered out in March, 1866.
He has been farming since 1866.

William Burnham was born in Canada, Oct.
8, 1828; came to Wayne Co. in 1863; married
Maria Potter in 1844. She was born in 1826, and
died in 1884. Their children are William, Maggie,
Hugh, George, Maria, Rachel, Fred and Frank-
Mr. Burnham married his second wife, Sarah A.
Rubert, in 1885. She was born in 1830.

William Butler, a farmer of Huron town-
ship, was born in England, Feb. 15, 1804; came to
America in 1832, and settled in Wayne Co. in 1835 I
he married Anna Barnard in 1831. She was born
in England, April, 9, 1809. Their children living
are Anna, Esther, Charles, Emma, Fred and Jessie.
He married Anna Hemmings, in 1878. They had
three children, Charles, Ethel and Lee. Mr. Butler
died March 9, 1884.

Enoch A. Chamberlin was born in Seneca
Co., Fayette Township, New York, Feb. 6, 1826 ;
came to Wayne Co., Mich., in 1847; married Julia
A. Fay in 1851. She was born Feb. 2, 1831.
Their living children are, Adrian, Lois, John and
Jay. His business is farming,

William W. Chapin, a farmer of Huron, was
born in Madison Co., New York, June 4, 1829;
came to Michigan with his parents in 1844, and
settled in Wayne Co.. in 1853 ; married Juliet Pot-
ter in 1854. She was born in 1834. Their chil-
dren are Eva E. and Jennie P. He followed sail-
ing for 15 years, and has been farming since 1853.
Peter E. Craft was born in Wayne Co., Nov.
24, 1862; married Retta Pennock, May 25, 1885.
She was born in Wayne Co., June 25, 1867. Their
children are : Jessie, born Aug 19, 1886, and Ed-
ward, born March 22, 1888. His business is house
moving and farming.

Merritt Cross was born in Pennsylvania,
Sept. 30, 1837; came to Wayne Co., in 1858; mar-
ried Deborah Jones in 1861. She was born in
Wayne Co., Jan. 6, 1839. Their children are Isa-
bel, Lillie A., Wilson E., Mary A. and Charles C.
His business is farming.

Ira W. Curtiss was born in New York State,
Sept. 30, 1844; came to Wayne Co., June 16, 1857 ;
married Maggie Fisher, of Livonia, Wayne Co.,
Aug. 28, 1864. She was born at Plymouth,
Wayne Co., Jan. 10, 1845. They have one child,
William, born Oct. 11, 1870. He has been in the
hardwood lumber and milling business for 1 5 years,
and has filled the offices of Township Clerk and
Treasurer.

James Dane, a farmer of Huron, was born in
Delaware, Aug. 20, 1826; 'came to Michigan in
1855 ; settled in Wayne Co.; married Angelica
Howard, June, 1845. She was born in Delaware,

March i, 1826. Their children living are, Mary A ,
William T., Goldsmith, aiid David J^

Benjamin F. Davis, a harness manufacturer of
New Boston, was born in Gratiot Co., Mich., Aug.
ID, 1865 ; came to Wayne Co., in 1870, and mar-
ried Chloe J. Johnson, Jan. 31, 1886. She was born
in Wayne Co., June 14, 1869. They have one
child, Chloe Adella, born Dec. 13, 1886.

David Drigget, a farmer of Huron, was born
in Delaware, Nov. 6, 1832; married Hester Dur-
ham May 13, 1855. She was born in Delaware,
May II, 1835. and came to Wayne Co., in 1868.
Their children are, Sarah J., Harriette, Daniel,
Elisha, Susan, Lucy, William, Hester, and Oliver.

Charles H. Felt, a merchant of Waltz, was
born in New York State, Sept. 10, 1835; came to
Wayne Co., in 1838, and married Martha Sutliff,
Jan. 13, 1856. She was born in Wayne Co., Nov.
5. 1837. Their children are Etna A. and Porter
W. His business was farming up to 1880, since
then he has been engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness. He is also Station Agent and Postmaster.

Noah Felt, a farmer of Huron Township, was
born in Flat Rock, Wayne Co , Jan 15, 1831, and
married Laura Lincoln in 1861. She was born in
New York State, Oct. 25, 1829. Their children
are Imus N., William E. and Zorah L.

Seth Felt, of New Boston, was born at Taylor,
Wayne Co., Mich., Feb. 7, 1840, and married Mary
Sutliff, of Taylor, Sept. i, i86r. She was born in
Wayne Co., Jan. 6, 1840. Their living children
are, Frank, born June 24, 1869, and Jessie, born
Sept. 24, 1873. He has been Health Officer four
years. He enlisted August 8, 1 861, in the Michigan
Volunteer Infantry, 7th Regiment, Co. E., was de-
tailed for service in a field hospital, and mustered
out in May. 1865.

Charles Feusch, a farmer of Huron, was born
in Germany, Feb. 7, 1847; came to America in
1882, and settled in Wayne Co ; married Louisa
Heidekruger in 1872. She was born in Germany
in 1843. Their children are Albert and William.

William Fittler was born in Germany, June
24, 1822; came to America in 1855; settled in
Wayne Co., in 1866 ; married Ricca McGeein 1843.
She died in 1845. He married his second wife,
Ricca Wagner, in 1846. She died Sept. 26, 1879.
Their children are Charles, Susan, William, Amelia,
Ricca, Anna and August. He married his third
wife, Christina Strewink, Jan. 5, 1882.

LUDWIG German was born in Germany, April
12, 1826; came to America in 1849, and settled in
Wayne Co., in 1865; married Catherine Kline in
Oct., 1858. She was born in Germany, Aug. 22,
1828. Their children are: Fred, Mary, Phillipp.
Catherine and Christina. Business, farming and
basket-making.

PERSONAL SREtCHES— HURON.

1427

Nichols Graden was bom in Switzerland,
June 24, 1825 ; came to America in 1852, and
settled in Wayne Co. in 1853; married Ruth Dean
in Dec, 1866. She was born April 18, 1846.
Their children are: Jennie M., William N., Annie
S., and Estmon E. He enlisted in Co. B, ist
Reg., Mich. Light Artillery in 1861, and was must-
ered out in 1865. Business, farming.

August Grubba was born in Germany, April
3, 1855; came to America in 1873, and settled in
Wayne Co.; married Mary Alerholtz, Nov. 13,
1881. She was born in Germany, Oct. 8, 1864.
Their children are William, August, Minnie,
Charles, and Lizzie.

Amos A. Hale was born in New York State,
June 22, 1 82 1, and came to Wayne Co, with his
parents in 1835 ; married Margaret McFall in 1842.
She was born May 19, 1822. Their children are
James H., Amanda, Mary J.. Cornelia, Schuyler,
Erastus, Cornelius, Frank, Rhoda, Ellen and Arvilla,

William H. Heywood, Superintendent of
Schools at New Boston, was born in New Hamp-
shire in 1830, and came to Wayne Co. with his
parents in 1835. His family consists of wife, two
sons, and two daughters, viz ; Leroy N.. Blanche,
William Bradley and Mary C. His business has
been farming and teaching.

William S. Hosmer was born in Wayne Co.,
Mich., Oct. I, 1822; married Helen Bloomer, Oct.
20, 1844. She was born at Lyons. N. Y., Aug. 21.
1826. Their children living are Wilmer S., George
E., Walter B.. Antoinette, John G. and Minnie.
He has taught school 36 terms.

Charles A. Kittle was born in Huron,
Wayne Co , Mich , Nov. 9, 1853; married Mary
Huntley in 1875. She was born May 31, 1857.
Their children are Curtiss T., Ismal D. and Ernest.

Nelson Kittle was born in New York State,
Jan. I, 1825, and came to Wayne Co. in 1843 ; mar-
ried Mary Hale in 1845. She was born April 18,
1824. Their children living are Charles, Eastman
and Eva. His father. William Kittle, died in 1881,
aged 104 years.

Christian Kohl, a farmer of Huron Town-
ship, was born in Germany, Sept. 30, 1826, and
came to America in 1870; married Sophia
Loose in 1845. She was born in Germany, Dec.
i^j, 1823. They have one child living, Minnie, born
Oct. 9, 1856. She married John Neemann in 1879.
He was born Dec. 25, 1853. They have two chil-
dren, Clara and John.

Carl Krebs, a farmer of Huron, was born in
Germany, Jan. 18, 1832; came to America in 1859,
and settled in Wayne Co. in 1864; married Fred-
ricka Blonk in i860. She was born in Germany,
July 25, 1832. They have one child living, Louisa
A. T., born Oct 8, 1870.

Michel Kurzhals was born in Germany in
Oct. 1840; came to America in 1872, and settled in
Wayne Co; married Pauline Burnstine, in 1865.
She was born in Germany in 1843. Their children
are Fred, Julius, Charles, Michel, Henry, Augusta
and Emma.

Richard Labo was born in Monroe Co.,
Mich., Jan. 7, 1838; married Victoria Amo, Sept.
14, 1857. She was born June 6, 1842. Their
children living are Louis, Josephine, Maxim, Ellen,
Theresa and Rebecca, Mr. Labo followed sailing
for 16 years.

Charles Litogot was born in Wayne Co.,
June 22, 1852 ; married Esther Sherman, May 17,
1875. She was born in Wayne Co., March 22, 1858.

Joseph Livernois was born in Wayne Co.,
March 2, 1864. His father, Joseph, died in 1886,
Joseph, Jr., married Rosa Hanrahan, Nov. 13, 1884.
She was born July 21, 1862. Their children are
Joseph and John.

Mrs. Pamelia (Miller) Loraine was born
in Wayne Co., New York, Feb. 24, 1830; came
to Wayne Co., Mich., with her parents, in 1836;
married Thomas Downs in 1847. He was born
Aug. 25, 1824, and died Jan. 28, 1876. Their chil-
dren living are Ida M., Frank H., Deborah L., Helen
M. and Seril C. She married her second husband,
Theodore Loraine, in 1883.

Chester Maes, a farmer of Huron township,
was born in Green Co., N. Y., April 6, 181 7, and
came to Wayne Co. in 1842 ; married Susan Curtiss
in 1839. She was born in Ohio, in 1824, and died
July 13, 1854. Their children are, Alonzo D., Jo-
tham W., Chester C. and Eliza Jane. He mar-
ried his second wife, Alice Crawford, Feb. 13, 1855.
She was born July 2 , 1834. Their children are
James E., Mary E., Lucy E., Gertrude, Dennis,
Anna B., Alice L and Leroy. He is a carpenter by
trade.

Charles W. Matthews w^as born in Ohio,
July 23, 1844 ; came to Michigan in 1884, and set-
tled in Wayne Co. ; married Lucinda A. Lesley,
January, 1871. She was born Sept. i, 1852. Their
children are William H., Stella M., Rena B. and
Edna. He enlisted in the 29th Regt., Co. B, Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, Aug. 19, 1861, and was dis-
charged June I, 1862. He re-enlisted in the 177th
Regt., Co. K, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and remained
until the close of the war.

Michael Mattie was born in Prussia, Aug. 26,
1834; came to America in 1869, and settled in
Wayne Co. ; married Mary Nemjeck in 1858. Their
children are John, Frank, Matthew, Mary, Rosie,
Annie. Antoine and Katie.

Henry Moses, a farmer of Huron, was born in
New York State, May 9, 1847 ; came to Wayne Co.
with his parents in 1848; married Matilda Moore,

142S

PERSONAL SKETCHES—HURON.

March 17, 1879. She was born in Canada, in 1854.
He enlisted in September, 1864, in the 4th Regt.,
Co. D. Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and was mus-
tered out in June. 1866, at Detroit. Mr. Moses is a
member of the Wallace Post. No. 95, of Flat Rock.
Edson Murtonye, a farmer of Huron town-
ship, was born in New York State, Sept. 26, 1821 ;
came to Wayne Co. in 1845 ; marriedSarah Ladue,
October, 1842. She was born in New York State,
July 3, 1 823. Their children are James and Emma J.
He enlisted Aug. 22, i86r, in the ist Michigan Cav-
alry, Co. K, and was mustered out in 1865.

Mrs. Lina Near was born in Flat Rock, April
18, 1848. Her father. Mr. Vreeland, wars t)ne of the
first settlers of Flat Rock. In 1870, she married
Loomis Near. She has one child, John L., born
Oct. I, 1 87 1.

James T. Newington, a farmer of Huron
township, was born in Albany, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1835 ;
came to Wayne Co. with his parents in 1837 ; mar-
ried his first wife, Sarah A. Harris, in Dec, 1857.
She was born in 1842, and died Dec. 25, 1880.
Their children living are Elliott E., Francis E. and
Clara. He married his second wife, Elizabeth Willis,
in 1 881. She was born June 4, 1836. He is a car-
penter by trade; has been farming 19 years. He
enlisted in 1862, in the Michigan Volunteer Infantry,
24th Regt., Co. B, and was mustered out in 1863.

Homer Norton was born in New York State,
Jan. 20, 1829; came to Wayne Co. in 1834; mar-
ried Harriet E. Fay, Feb. 4, 1856. She was born
on the farm where he now resides, July 26, 1837,
and died Sept. 8, 1887. Their children are Edwin,
Julia A. and Fred L.

ANDREV7 NOWLAND was born in New York
State, March 18, 1813 ; came to Wayne Co. in 1834 ;
married his first wife, Elizabeth Downs, in 1836.
She died in 1850. They had two children, Mary A.
and William. He married his second wife, Sylvia
Slinger, June 24, 1883. She was born in New York
State, July 8, 181 5.

Henry Nowland was born in New York State,
May 22, 1822 ; came to Wayne Co. with his parents
in 1834; married Celinda Downs in 1847. She
was born April 19, 1827, in New York State. Their
children living are Cornelius S., Charles M., Mary
J., Thomas, and William C.

William T. Nowland was born in Huron,
Wayne Co., April 19, 1839, and married Mary H.
Evans, May 28, 1865. She was born in 1856.
They have two children, George E. and Walter G.
He enlisted in Aug., 1862, in Co. D. 24th R., M. V.
I.; was wounded in the arm, at the battle of Spott-
sylvania, and mustered out Dec. 12, 1864.

Israel Olmstead, an old settler of Wayne Co.,
was born in Pittsford, Monroe Co., N. Y., Aug. 19,
1807, and married Mary Ensign in 1829. She was

born in Ohio in 1805, and died in May, 1878.
Their children are : Nelson F. and Minerva. He
married his second wife Mary Loura, in 1879.
They have two children, Benjamin and Hila He
has always been a farmer. Fie drove the first team
over the line of the Chicago Pike, and served in
the Black Hawk War from the beginning until
Black Hawk was captured. He was also in the
Toledo War.

Robert Outhwaite, a blacksmith of New
Boston, w^as born in Plymouth, Wayne Co., Mich.,
June 4, 1833; come to Huron Township in 1865,
and married Emma Johnson July 17, 1865 She
was born in Monroe Co., Mich. Their children liv-
ing are Nathan E., Mary, Thomas E., Ida P.,
Nellie, and Etta. Aug. 5. 1862, he enlisted in Co.
K, 24th Reg., M. V. I., and was mustered out
in 1865.

Thomas H. Parkes, a merchant of Belden,
was born in England, April 30, 1838; came to
America in 1859, and married Elizabeth J. Black-
bourn in 1870. She was born June i, 1846. In
his early days he was engaged in the photograph
business, and for the last 1 5 years has been engaged
in the mercantile business.

John Parr, of New Boston, was born in Flat-
bush, N. Y., April 12, 1849; came to Wayne Co.,
in 1882 ; married Rachel Hamilton, of Rochester,
N. Y., Sept., 1877. She was born in Canada, Aug.
13, 1850. Their children are Frank, Eva, and
Lulu. He has been Health Officer three years.

Perry D. Pearl was born in Monroe Co., N.
Y., Nov. 24, 1824 ; came to Wayne Co. with his
parents in 1836; married Elizabeth J. Morey in
1847. She was born in 1832, and died in 1857.
Their children are; Gilbert F., Perry D , Elizabeth
A., Sarah R., Erastus, and Charles. He married
his second wife. Elector Whipple, in 1861. She
was born Jan. 21, 1831. Their children are Lil-
lian E., Arthur D., and Mary G. He was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature in 1871 and 1872, and
has held a number of town offices.

Lansing Quackenbush was born in Madison
Co,, New York, Sept. 20, 1840 ; came to Michigan
in i860; married Eliza Iberson, in Jan , 1882. She
was born in England in 1 838.

Thomas Read was born in England, June 17,
1828; came to America in May, 1851 ; settled in
Wayne Co., in 1853 ; married Carrie Laing in 1855.
She was born in New Jersey, April 30, 1837. Their
children living are Ida and Mary.

August Reetz, a farmer of Huron township,
was born in Germany, Dec. 18, 1839; came to
America in 1868, and settled in Wayne Co. ; mar-
ried Caroline Pecon. She was born Aug. 18, 1847.
He was in the brick business for a number of years,
in Detroit.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— HURON.

1429

John Reif, a farmer of Huron Township, was
born in Germany, Feb. 9, 1825 ; came to America
in 1853; married Mary Mutcel in 1858. She was
born in Germany, March 4, 1823. Their children
are Louisa and Fredrick.

Clinton S. Richardson was born in Wayne
Co., Oct. 17, 1859; married AHce Lura, Oct., 1882.
She was born Oct. 20, 1865. They have one child,
Amy L., born Aug. 25, 1883.

William Rinna was born in Germany, in 1848 ;
came to America in Feb., 1 868 ; married Augusta
Krantz, in 1873. She was born in 1854. Their
children are Armanda, Herman, Yost, Minnie, So-
phia, Emil and William. His business is farming
and coal burning.

Frederick Rotz was born in Germany, July
15, i8i8; came to America in 1853; settled in
Wayne Co. in 1863 ; married Christina Westfall, in
1842. She was born in 1816, and died Nov. 22,
1875. He has one son, John, who resides in Buf-
falo, N. Y.

David Schafer, a farmer of Huron, was born in
Germany, Feb. 16, 1835 ; came to America in 1866 ;
settled in Wayne Co. in 1881 ; married Sophia Kas-
now, in 1867. She was born in 1832. They have
one child, Caroline, born July 31, 1868.

Gottlieb Schwab, a farmer of Huron town-
ship, was born in Germany, Dec. 19, 1823; came
to America in 1846; married Christina Hyde, in
1849. She was born in Germany, in 1832. They
had 12 children, eight of whom are still living,
John, William, Louis, Margaret, Caroline, Mary,
Anna and Clara. Mr. Schwab followed brick mak-
ing for 15 years in Detroit.

John Schwab, a farmer of Huron township,
was born in Wayne Co., Jan. 30, 1852: married
Caroline Domm, in 1877. She was born Jan. 31,
1857. Their children are Charles, William, Emil,
and Amelia. He is a carpenter by trade, and at
present is engaged in farming.

William Shick, a farmer of Huron, was born
in New York State May 5, 1830; settled in Wayne
Co. in 1852; married Sarah Williamson in 1851.
She was born in 1836, and died in 1876. Their
children living are George D., Edward, Sabina and
Lucinda.

Charles Simnick, a farmer of Huron, was
born in Germany, May 8, 1846; came to America
in 1872; married Bertha Kroll, in 1872. She was
born in Germany, Nov. 23, 1849. They have six
children, Mary, William, Anna, Bertha, Emil and
Charles.

Henry P. Smith was born in New York State
June 9, 1833 ; came to Wayne Co. in the same fall
with his parents; married Louisa Fain, Oct. 29,
1856. She was born in Wayne Co., Nov. 12, 1834.

Their children are Flora, born April 16, i860, and
Nettie, born Sept. 21, 1863.

Porter Vail was born in Masonville, Delaware
Co., N. Y., Nov. 14, 1832; came to Michigan in
1858, and settled in Wayne Co. ; married Laura
Felton, in Oct , 1858. She was born in 1836. They
have one child living, Jerome F., born June 3, i860.

Ferdinand Vogler, proprietor of a hotel at
Waltz, was born in German3% June 19, 1834; came
to America in 1852 ; settled in Wayne Co. in 1866 ;
married Sophia Wiedman, Dec. i, 1868. She died
March 13, 1887. Their children living are Ferdinand,
Emil and Annie. He married his second wife,
Elizabeth Eckhuf, in 1887. She was born in 1854.
He enlisted Aug. 30, 1862, in Co. C, 9th Regiment
Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered
out at Little Rock, Ark., June 3, 1865. He is a
member of Wallace Post, G. A. R., No. 95, of Flat
Rock.

Henry Wagar, a farmer of Huron township,
was born in New York State, Dec. 3, 1822 ; settled
in Wayne Co. in 1854 ; married Susan M. Coons, in
1843. She was born March 1$, 1827. Their chil-
dren are Albert W., Sidney M., Delbert L, Willing-
ton Gordon and Ida.

Elizabeth Wager was born in New York
State, Dec. 14, 1829; married Ananias Wager in
1848; came to Wayne Co. in 1855. He was born
Dec. 14, 1 8 19, and died Oct. i, 1879. Their children
are Arthur K., Austin I., Harrison W., Shirley,
Syntha J., Ira, Morris E., Ella A., Eva M., Hattie
M. and Effie E. Since Mr. Wager's death Mrs.
Wager has carried on the farm.

Henry Wagner, a farmer of Huron, was born
in Germany, Nov. 8, 1850; came to America in
1883, and settled in Wayne Co.; married Minnie
Baumdrahier, April 3, 1884. She was born Dec.
18, i860.

John Warden, a farmer of Huron, was born
in Wayne Co., Dec. 4, 1858 ; married Emma Hale,
April 13, 1887. She was born in Wayne Co. in
1868. His father, John, died in 1859, aged 58 ; his
mother, Rachel, died in 1887, aged 69.

Amariah Waterman was born in New York

State, March 9, 1830; came to Wayne Co. in 1840;

married Hannah Quillin, March 19, 1854. She was

born in England, Jan. 16, 1837. Their children are

'olive A., Riel M., Estella, Clara C. and Wade.

William R. Wells was born in Taylor, Wayne
Co., April 2, 1848; married Sarah A. Bateham,
Jan. I, 1 87 1. She was born in Wayne Co. in 1852.
Their children are Ada L., Esther R., Judson R.,
Jessie L. and James E. His business is farming
and coal burning.

Francis Winne was born in New York State,
May 22, 1819; came to Wayne Co. in 1865 ; mar-

1430

I^ERSONAL SKETCHES-LIVONIA.

ried his first wife, Eliza Dumont, in 1836. She died
June 22, 1842. They had three children, Stephen,
Elizabeth' and William. He married his second
wife, Margaret Burst, in 1844. She died in 1863.

Their children were Lyda, Augustus, Agnes, Martha,
Emerick, Watson and Rhoda. He married his third
wife, Caroline Hurd, in 1865. They have one child,
Malvina.

LIVONIA

Royal G. Adams was born at Richfield, N. Y.,
Dec. 28, 1854. In 1 88 1 he went to Farmington,
Mich., and engaged in the manufacture of cheese
for the Maple Grove cheese factory. In 1886 he
settled on his present farm. He married Naverna
Joslin, of Farmington, on Dec. 10, 1880. She was
born in New York State, Aug. 7, 1859. Mr. Adams
is engaged in general farming and dairying. He
has a farm of 176 acres.

Nicholas Bovee, a farmer of Livonia, was
born in New York State on Jan. 3, 18 14, Came to
Michigan in i860, and in 1862 began
the manufacture of cider and vinegar. He
manufacturers from 300 to 500 barrels per year.
He married Mary C. Bovee, of Ionia Co , Mich.,
April 12, 1S80. She was born in New York State,
Sept. 14, 1830. She was the widow of Isaac Bovee,
who came to Michigan in 1856, and died in June,
1876. They had nine children. Mrs. Bovee died
Aug. 31, 1888. Mr. Bovee has a farm of 115
acres.

Mrs. Ann Briggs, widow of Carmi Briggs, of
Livonia, was born in England, Dec. 15, 1 819. On
Feb. 22, 1859, she married Carmi Briggs, who was
born in New York State, Dec. 30, 1823. They
came to Michigan in 1830. Mr. Briggs died Oct.
29, 1875. Mrs. Briggs is a member of the Church
of England. Her farm contains 165 acres.

Lewis Briggs, of Livonia, was born at Sheldon,
N. Y., Feb. 13, 18 17. He married Hannah Pen-
nington, July 18, 1839. She was born in New York
State, April 21, 1820. In 1842 Mr. Briggs pur-
chased a farm of 80 acres, and now ow^ns 200
acres. He has two children. Has been Justice of
the Peace for eight years.

Luther Briggs, farmer of Livonia, was born in
New York State, July 23, 1814. Came to Michi-
gan in 1829. In May, 1842, he married Alta
Briggs, of Genesee, N. Y. She was born Jan. 14,
1818. They had nine children. His wife died
Aug. 3, 1882. His farm contains 156 acres.

Angeline Chilson, of Livonia, was born in
Monroe Co., N. Y., July 10, 18 14. She married
Austin Chilson, Oct. 10, 1832. He was born April
17, 1809 They had nine children. In 1883 they
came to Michigan, locating on the farm Mrs. Chil-
son now owns. Mr. Chilson died Jan. 10, 1877.

Their farm consists of 106 acres of land, finely cul-
tivated.

Mrs. Sophia Flint, widow of Elisha Flint, was
born in Pennsylvania, Oct. 19, 18 10. She came to
Michigan in 1828. On March i, 1832, she married
Silas Joslin of Livonia, Mich., who was born in
New York State Nov. 27, 1804. They had two
children. Mr. Joslin died Sept. 18, 1839. Mrs.
Joslin married Elisha Flint, Sept. i, 1842. He was
born in New York State, June 2, 1808, and came to
Michigan in 1840. By this marriage one child was
born. Mr. Flint died June 3, 1879. Mrs. Flint
manages the farm, which consists of 79 acres.

George M. Galbraith, of Stark Station, was
born Dec. 25, 1853; married Matilda J. Martin,
Oct. 4, 1886. She was born in Pennsylvania, Jan. 19,
1858. He came to Michigan in Jan , 1878, locating
at Livonia, and engaging in farming. Six children
were born to them. Mr. Galbraith is engaged in
the merchantile business, as well as farming.

James J. Grace, farmer of Livonia, was born
in Maine, April 2, 1831. His parents came to
Michigan the year James was born. He married
Rebecca Brown, who was born in Yates Co., N. Y.,
Sept. 12, 1827. Nine children were born to them.
His wife died March 12, 1886. Mr. Grace has been
School Director several years and Commissioner of
Highways, and has a farm of 80 acres.

Mrs. Mary A. Grace, widow of Albert Grace,
was born at Prescott, Canada, May 30, 1855. Her
parents came to Michigan from New York State,
in 1865, locating at Detroit, where they remained
ten years. Mrs. Grace was married Sept. 15, 1875,
and has four children. Her farm consists of 40 acres.

Ulysses A. Grace was born at Farmington,
Mich., July 9, 1865, and came to Livonia in 1885 ;
married Lydia Turner, of Redford, Nov 26, 1886.
She was born April 13, 1869. Her parents were
natives of England. Mr. Grace is a staunch Re-
publican. His farm contains 180 acres.

Charles J. Gunning was born at Southfield,
Mich., June 10, 1827. His parents came to Michi-
gan in 1 822 ; married Clarissa Worden, of Livonia,
Nov. 6, 1849. She was born June 29, 1829. They
have five children. Mr. Gunning is a fine musician
and is often called upon to furnish music at en-
tertainments. His farm contains 60 acres.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— LIVONIA.

1431

Samuel R. Harlan, of Livonia, was born in
Maryland, Aug. 17, 1839. His parents came to
Michigan in 1853. He married Sarah E. Weist of
Canton, Mich , May 24, 1866. She was born May
27, 1838. They have two children, Mary A , born
May 3, 1867, and William J , born Feb, 18, 1870.
The family are members of the Baptist Church at
Farmington. Their farm consists of 45 acres.

Clement C. Leach was born Oct. 6, 1803, at
Lima, Ontario Co., N. Y.. and came to Michigan,
locating at Plymouth, in 1825. Three years after
he located 320 acres of land at Livonia ; married
Maria Peck, Oct. 27, 1 83 1 . She was born at Bedford,
Conn., May 10, 181 3, and came to Plymouth with her
parents in April, 1826. After the marriage Mr. Leach
and his wife started at once from Plymouth for
their new home at Livonia, a distance of ten miles,
with oxen and lumber wagon, which contained
their household goods, and were two days travel-
ing the distance. They have had six children,
four girls and two boys. Mr. Leach died May i,
1868. Mrs. Leach still resides upon the farm.

Benjamin McClure, farmer of Livonia, was
born at Chester, Penn., July ^17, 1830. His parents
came to Michigan in 1851, locating at Livonia.
He married Harriet Chillson, of Livonia, June 19,
1852. She was born in April, 1834. They had
three children. He has held the offices of Treas-
urer, Justice of the Peace, and Deputy U. S. Marshal.
By trade he is an engineer and machinist.

Oliver Maunausau, hotel proprietor and
dealer in groceries and provisions, of Livonia Centre,
was born at Brownstown, Mich., Sept. 10, 1848.
He enlisted in Co. E, 17th Michigan Infantry, as
a private, and was in the battles of the Wilderness
and Petersborough. He was captured and became
a prisoner. He was discharged from service June
23, 1865. He married Helen Vallade, of Canada,
Dec. 22, 1870. She was born Jan. 12, 1849. They
have had five children

Mrs. Sarah Merihew, widow of Ephraim
Merihew, was born in Ulster Co, N. Y., July 15,
181 5, and came to Michigan with her parents. She
married Ephraim Merihew in 1859. He was born
in Ulster Co., N. Y., in 18 10, and died in 1880. He
was Town Treasurer for one term. He had no chil-
dren. His widow resides upon the old homestead.

Blake C. Northrup, a farmer of Livonia,
Mich., was born in Farmington, Oakland Co., Mich.,
Aug. 6, 1846. His parents came to Michigan in
1834. He married Helen Johnston, Dec. 20, 1870.
She was born at Penfield, N. Y., in 1843, and died
June 15, 1873. Mr. Northrup married his second
wife, Carrie E. Ingersoll, on Oct. 22, 1879. She
was born in Farmington, Mich., March 20, i860.
They have two children. In politics Mr. Northrup
is a Democrat.

John Shaw, an active farmer of Livonia, was
born in England. July 6, 1824. His parents came
to America in 1836. He married Mary Ann Maiden,
of Farmington, Dec i, 1850. She was born Sept.
19, 1830. They had three children. Mrs. Shaw
died Aug. 14, 1875. Mr. Shaw married his second
wife, Myra Hodge, of Plymouth, on Sept. 14, 1876.
She was born Jan. 25, 1836. They own 260 acres.
He is a Democrat in politics, and director of the
school district.

Mrs. Mary E. Shaw was born in New York
State, Nov. 16, 1825. Her father was born in Ire-
land in 1800, and married Mary Borden, who was
born in New York, Aug. 15, 1807. He came to
America in 1824, and to Livonia in 1841, where he
resided until his death, in 1885. His wife died in
1884. They had six children. William, their only
son, enlisted in Co. C, ist Michigan Cavalry, in i86r,
was wounded, and died Jan. 12, 1864.

Eugene Smith was born Aug. 13, 1842, upon
the farm he now occupies. His father was born in
Canada, and his mother in New York State. They
came to Michigan in 1833. Eugene married Ella
Grace, of Livonia, Dec. 8, 1869. She was born July
27, 1850. They have three children, Charles E!,
born Sept, 13, 1870; Edna E., born July 3, 1872,
and James Grace, born May i, 1884. Mr Smith has
been school director of District No. 5 for several
years. He is a staunch Republican, and has a fine
farm of 160 acres.

Mrs. Jeannette J. Smith was born in Nor-
folk Co., England, May 3, 1843. Her parents,
Jeremiah and Sarah Brown, came to America in
1858. In 1863 they came to Livonia. Jeannette
married Ira Smith of Plymouth, Feb. 27, 1883.
She was born at North Adams, Mass., March 4,
1826 and came to Michigan in 1866. By trade
he was carpenter and joiner. Mrs. Smith is en-
gaged in general merchandise carrying on the
business herself at Nankin.

Charles Teagan was born in Cork Co., Ire-
land, July II, 1844. and came to America in 1862.
He enlisted Dec. 23, 1863. in Co. G. 8th Mich. Cav-
alry, was captured Aug. 4, 1864, and held prisoner
at Andersonville and Florence, when he made his
escape. He was discharged May 12. 1865, re-
turned to Detroit and entered the employ of the
Michigan Car Co., where he remained 14 years.
He married Sar^h Eady, of Detroit, Jan. 30,
1866. They have six children, are members of
the Episcopal Church, and have a farm of 120
acres.

Henry Van Horton, farmer of Livonia, was
born at Salem, Mich., June 8, 1835. On Aug. 17,
1863, he enlisted in Co. B. 19th Michigan Cavalry,
as private He was discharged June 19, 1865, by
order of War department No. T], issued April

1432

PERSONAL SKETCHES— NANKIN.

1 8, 1865. In 1866 he married Esther Joles, of
Franklin, Mich. She was born in New York State
in 184?. Mr. Van Horton in politics is a Demo-
crat.

Frederick L. West, proprietor and manager
of the Livonia cheese factory, was born in Os-
wego Co., N. Y., Aug. 15, 1830. When 18 years
of age he began the life of a sailor. In May, 1864,
he entered the U. S. Navy, being assigned to the
gun boat Kansas, and continued in service until
the close of the war. He married Georgie Ann
Herdman, of Westburgh, N. Y., Dec. 28, i860.
She was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., April 15, 1832.
They had one child. Mrs West died in Feb. 1865.
In 1 867 he married Julia Herdman, of Oswego Co.,
N. Y. She was born 1838. In April. 1871. Mr.
West came to Michigan, and had charge of the

cheese factory for seven years. He is now sole
owner of the Livonia cheese factory and manufac-
tures yearly 129.000 pounds of cheese, sold mostly to
Detroit parties. By his second marriage he has
one child. Mr. West is a member of F. & A. M.,
and of Marshall M. Beach Post No. 267, G A. R ,
of Farmington.

John E. Wilcox, farmer of Livonia, was born
in Monroe Co., N. Y., March ir, J845. On Sept.
20, 1871, he married Libbie Smith of Farmington,
Mich. She was born Dec. 16, 1848. They have
had four children. Mr. Wilcox has been treasurer
of Livonia township. He is a member of Farming-
ton Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 151. also of Northville
Chapter, No. 55, and Royal Arch. No, 39. He is
a Republican His farm contains 160 acres.

NANKIN.

. James Bahan was born in Cork, Ireland, May
6, 1816, and his parents died in that country He
came to America in 1848, and was employed ten
years by the Lake Superior Mining Co. He mar-
ried Mary Mullins, of Ireland, in 1845. They had
six children. James is a Democrat, and a member
of the Catholic Church. His farm has 66 acres.

Alice Ida Beem AN Palmer, widow of Jeiemiah
Palmer, was born at Nankin, Oct. 1 2, 1 854. Her par-
ents came to Wayne Co , Michigan, in 1828. They
were married Jan. i, 1834, and had fourteen chil-
dren. Mrs. Palmer has three children still at home.
Their farm contains 40 acres of land.

Jonathan Boice was born in Cambridge,
Washington County, N. Y., Dec. 19, 183 1. In 1861
he came to Michigan and settled in Nankin, on a
farm of 80 acres he purchased at that time. He
married Miss Ruby Temple, of Windom County,
Vt, in 1849. They have seven children, Winfield,
Addie, Burton, Ida, Edward, Earl and Zenie. He
has always been engaged in farming.

Mrs. Abigail Brink, widow of Archibald
Brink, was born in Wayne Co., N. Y., March 19,
1812. She married Mr. Brink April 12, 183 1. He
was born in Seneca, N. Y., March, 1809. They
came to Michigan in 1833, locatifig^lDn present farm,
obtaining their deed from Gen. Jackson. They have
no children of their own, but have adopted and
raised 14 children. Mr. Brink died Dec. 19, 1875.
The farm contains 80 acres.

Mrs. Rosetta Carver, widow of Elizur R.
Carver, was born at Dearborn, March 24, 1832. Her
parents were natives of Vermont. They came to
Michigan in 1827. On Feb,, 1862, she married

Mr. Carver. He enHsted in 1862, in Michigan
Sharpshooters, as First 1 ieutenant. He resigned,
returned to the farm, engaged in raising blooded
horses. They had three children. Th^ir farm con-
sists of 105 acres.

GhORGK Chillson. of Pike's Peak, Nankin
township, was born at Livonia, Marcl? 3. 1836.
His parents came to Michigan from New York
State, in 1833, purchasing from the government 80
acres of land. George taught school winters, and
worked upon the farm summers. On Nov. 27,
i860, he married Margaret Bentley, of Livonia,
who was born June 30, 1843. They have had four
children. In 1884 they came to Pike's Peak and
opened a general supply store, also engaged in buy-
ing and selling live stock and produce of all kinds.
Through his influence the name of Perrinsville was
changed to Pike's Peak. Has been Postmaster four
years or more.

John Clay was born at Dearborn, July 28,
1828. His parents came to Dearborn in 1827. He
married Mercy Delaney, of Dearborn, in 1858.
Her parents were born in New York. He enlisted
in Co. B, 3d Mich. Cav., Feb., 1863, was engaged
in battles of Little Rock, Island No. 10, Mobile and
others. He was discharged in 1865; and receives a
pension for injuries sustained while in service.
His wife died June, 1875. They had four children.
He married Sally Calkins, of Grand Rapids, in 1876.
Five children were born. He is a member of G.
A. R.

Frank E. Coleman, of Inkster, was born in
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.,Dec. 20, 1842. When 14
years of age he began driving on the canal. In

PERSONAL SKETCHES— NANKIN.

H33

i86[ he enlisted in Co. D, 27th N. Y. Infantry, as
private. He was in first and second Battles of Bull
Run, also at Fredericksburg and in other battles-
He was wounded and mustered out as Sergeant in
May, 1863 Re-enlisted and was employed by the
government to take charge of a gang of men re-
pairing a railroad in Georgia and Alabama. On
Aug, 1863. he re enlisted in Co. M, ist N. Y. Vet.
Cav., as Quartermaster Sergeant, and served under
Gen Robin until the close of the war, and was fin-
ally mustered out on June i, 1865. He married
Caroline E. Morris in 1874. She was born in
Michigan, Dec, 1855. They had three children.
He came to Inkster in 1876, engaged in blacksmith-
ing and wagon manufacturing. He is Commander
of Corey Post No. 261, G. A. R., at Wayne. Is
also a Mason.

Fanny Curtis, widow of William R. Curtis,
was born in New York State, June 7, 1808. Her
parents came to Michigan, locating in Oakland Co.,
in 1825. She married Mr. Curtis on Jan. 30, 1832.
He came to Michigan in. 183 1, and taught school
one year before his marriage. He died upon the
farm June 12, 1884. They had six children. Mrs.
Curtis is one of the original members of the M. E.
Church. Her husband was Deputy Sheriff for a
number of years.

James Gillispie was born in the Township of
Plymouth, Wayne Co., Mich., on Dec. 27, 1836.
His father's name was M. M. Gillispie, of Goshen,
Orange Co., N, Y. His mother's name was
Sarah Ann Harmon, a native of Vienna, Ontario
Co., N. Y. Mr. Gillispie's father emigrated to
Michigan from New Orleans, and settled in Ply-
mouth at an early day ; his mother died in 1845.
He went to school in Plymouth until nine years of
age, at which time his mother died, and he made
his home with his maternal grandmother in the
town of Canton, where he attended school for two
years. The next four years he was an inmate of
an uncle's family in Wayne. Returning to Canton,
he engaged in farming until 1861. On the break-
ing out of the Civil War, Mr. Gillispie enlisted in
Company C, 24th Mich. Infantry, entering as a
Corporal. He was captured at Gettysburgh, taken
to Richmond and confined at Belle Isle, remaining
there until Feb 22, 1863, and then moved to An-
dersonville, where he remained until that fall ; he
was removed thence to Savannah, remaining six
weeks ; thence to Milan, Ga. At the beginning of
winter he was moved to Florence, S. C. While be-
ing moved to Wilmington, the Rebel guard was
captured by the Union forces, and he was released.
In June, 1865, he was mustered out of service at
Columbus, Ohio, returning at once to Detroit. In
1866 he located at Van. Buren, Mich., and married
Mary Train on April 24, 1866. By this marriage

he has three children, Daniel Q., George H and
Katie. Mr. Gillispie was elected Justice of the
Peace in 1888, and has been manager of the county
farm of 1 100 acres. He is a member of Corey
post. No. 261, G. A. R.

Charles A Gordinier, of Wayne, was born
in New York State, Jan. 19, 1862. His father was
a physician. Both of his parents are still living in
New York State. Charles came to Michigan in
1888, and is engaged in the manufacture and sale of
a patent medicine. He is a tinsmith by trade.

Henry E. Hey wood, farmer of Nankin, was
born in Wayne Co., July 18, 1830. He married
Eunice Bills, Oct. 28, 1849. She was born in New
York State in 1830, and died Feb. 8, 1856. He
married Sarah Parmar, his second wife, April 8,
1856. She was born Jan. 23, 1833. By his first
wife he had two children, and by his second wife
four. He is a Republican.

Bradshaw Hodgkinson was born at Stafford,
in the County of Stafford, England, May 20, 1815.
Soon after he was born his parents removed to
Preston, in Lancashire, where they and their ances-
tors had resided for several generations. He was
apprenticed at the age of 15, to the hatting business
for seven years, served nearly that time, but having
a little legacy left him by his Grandfather Brad-
shaw Hodgkinson, and being anxious to get under
the Stars and Stripes, he ran away from the appren-
ticeship, and on May 2, 1837, took passage at Liver-
pool on one of the Black Ball Line of sailing ships,
and after a voyage lasting seven weeks, landed in
New York City early in the morning of July 4,
1837. He tried all summer to obtain work at his
trade, but without avail, and finally, learning that
he had a relative in Schenectady, he consulted and
decided to go West. He left for Detroit, arriving
here on the Commodore Perry, in Oct., 1837. From
here he made his way to what was called Sheldon's,
in the town of Canton, and from there to Ypsilanti,
eventually going to work on the railroad, at that time
in progress from Wayne to Ypsilanti. He subse-
quently worked on a farm, took out his papers as
an American citizen in October, 1844. In politics,
he is a Democrat, has held the office of Justice of
the Peace from 185310 1874, and that of Super-
visor of the Town of Canton for twelve years, from
the year 1861. He was Chairman of the Board of
Supervisors two years, and was elected a member
of the Legislature of 1863, as a Union, or War
Democrat. In the year 1864 he was appointed by
a Republican Board of County Auditors, Superin-
tendent of the Poor of the County, serving with
Alanson Sheley and T. T. Lyon, and was Superin-
tendent of the Poor, some nine years. He was
afterwards for four years a clerk in the office of
the County Treasurer, under George H. Stellwagen,

1434

PERSONAL SKETCHES— PLYMOUTH.

and since 1882 has been clerk and bookkeeper at
the Wayne County Alms House. He resides in
Wayne, of which village he has been President two
terms, is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, for-
merly belonging to Phoenix Lodge, of Ypsilanti, but
in 1859 became a charter member of Wayne Lodge,
No. 112, at Wayne, of which Lodge he has been
master several years.

Asa G. Johns, merchant and Postmaster of Nan-
kin, was born at Detroit, March 10, 18 19. His
parents came to Michigan in 1813. He married
Nancy Clark, of Dearborn, Mich., Dec. 16, 1840"
She was born in Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1832. In
1873 Mr. Johns came to Nankin and opened a gen-
eral supply store. He was appointed postmaster in
1875. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs.
Johns. Mrs. Johns died Feb. 16. 1887. Mr. Johns
is^a Democrat, a member of the M. E. Church, and
has a farm of 35 acres.

Mrs. Mary Marble, merchant at Inkster, was
born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., April 14. 1825. She
married Nathaniel Meade of Ann Arbor, Jan, i,
1847. He enlisted in Aug 1862, in Co. H., in the
4th Mich. Cavalry. Was engaged in the battles of
Stone River, and Chattanooga. He died in the
hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 7, 1863. His widow
married W. S Marble on Dec. 4, 1867. In 1868 she
opened a general supply store at Inkster, where she
continues the business She has three children.

Theodore Rayivi^, a farmer of Nankin, was
born Oct. 23, 1841. His parents came from New
York State. He married Emma Handysides; of

Nankin, March 20, 1870, Her parents came from
England, and she was born in that country Jan. 3,
1853. Mr. and Mrs. Raymo have had six children.
They own 60 acres of land.

Josiah Smith, farmer of Nankin, was born in
Duchess Co , N. Y , April 18, 1813, came to Michi-
gan in 1834, and married Lucinda Blair, of Romulus,
March 28, 1841. They have had four children,
Elizabeth, Mary, Emma and William. Mr. Smith
has always been a Republican. His farm consists
of 115 acres, 21 acres of which is in Canton, Mich.

Oliver Van Alstine, farmer of Nankin and
Dearborn, was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., May 1 1,
1824. His parents were natives of New York. His
father was drowned by being carried over Niagara
Falls. His mother died in Michigan, in 1879.
Oliver married Frances Palmer, of Jackson Co.,
Mich . in 1854. They have had five children. His
wife died Sept. i, 1877. He has been Justice of the
Peace, and has a farm of 310 acres.
Selah Win field, of Nankin, was born in Sussex
Co., N. J., Jan 30, 1792. He worked upon the farm
until the breaking out of the War of 1812, when he
enlisted and served until the close of the war. He
subsequently moved to the town of Phelps, N Y.,
where he married Nancy Showers, who was born in
Gernfany, in 1 802. They came to Michigan in 1 85 1 ,
locating at Nankin, where he now resides. Three
children were born to them. His wife died in 1874.
He has great-grand children living with him, who
aie 15 years of age.

PLYMOUTH.

Frank B. Adams, M. D., was born Oct. 15,
1854, at New London. He was educated in the
literary department and graduated at the State
Normal School, in 1876 ; graduated in 1884 from
the Homeopathic College of Michigan, and married
May S., daughter of Rev. G. W. Bryant, of New
York City, in 1878.

John Allen was born in Monroe Co., N. Y.,
Dec. 18, 1 819, and married Mary A. Cady, May
7, 1843, who was born in Monroe Co., N. Y. Mr.
Allen graded most of the road for the Detroit,
Lansing and Northern Railroad, to Lansing. He
died Feb. 19, 1872. They had five children, three
of whom are living,

Gardner Barber, farmer of Plymouth town-
ship, was born in Green Co., N. Y., Jan. 12, 1787,
and married Esther Wilson, of N. Y. State, in 1807.
She was born at Bronn, N. Y., in 1795, He came
to Michigan in 1852; enlisted Nov. 18, 1862, in

the 124th Ohio Vol. Inf. Feb. 20, 1863, and was
discharged by order of hospital surgeon because of
chronic rheumatism. In 1875 he moved to North-
ville, on the present farm of 40 acres. Is father of
12 children. He draws $56 per month pension,
and is the oldest soldier living in the State of Michi-
gan.

Dexter Briggs, a retired farmer ot Plymouth,
was born in Vermont, Aug. 2, 1 804. On Jan. 26,
1826, he married Laura Durand, who was born in
New York, Aug. 5, 1804. In the spring of 1826
he walked from Royalton, N. Y.,to Livonia, Mich.,
where he purchased 80 acres of land of the govern-
ment for $100. In the spring of 1827, he returned
to New York for his wife, and on their return lived
upon the farm until 1855, when they came to Ply-
mouth. They have three children. His wife died
Dec. 5, 1872.

Mrs. Eliza F. Bunnell, widow of B. C.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— PLYMOUTH.

1435

Bunnell, of Northville, was born at Crown Point,
N. Y., Jan. 15, 18 10. She was married June
22, 1829. Mr. Bunnell was born at Morris-
town, N. J., June 27, 1808. In 1834 he
came to Michigan, engaging in the furniture busi-
ness. He died Nov. 18, 1880. In the spring of
1 88 1 Mrs. Bunnell came to Northville. She is the
mother of 12 children, four of whom are living.
She has been a member of the M. E. Church for
more than 60 years.

James B. Chappell, cigar manufacturer and
tobacco dealer, was born Nov. 15, 1853, at Water-
ford, Mich. When 15 years of age he entered
the Milford Cultivator Works, learning all branches
of the business and remaining six years. He learned
the cigar trade in 1874, and married F. Delia
Simpson, of Birmingham, Mich., Nov. 24, 1885.
She was born at Southfield, Mich., May 27, 1859.
They have one child, Harry, born March 12, 1887.

Leonard Charter, of Plymouiih, was born at
Parish. N. Y., Aug. 28, 1826. On Sept. 22, 1853,
he married Eliza Bradley, who was born in 1828.
They came to Michigan in 1857. In Sept. 1858,
Eliza died, and on Aug 28, 1859, he married Olive
Austin, who was born at Fenton, Mich., Oct. 22,
1 844. By his first wife he had two children and
five by his second. On Dec. 14, 1861, he enlisted
in Co G. 14th Mich. Inf. In 1863 his regiment
was mounted at Nashville, Tenn. He was in all
battles the regiment was engaged in and was dis-
charged June, 1865. He then returned to North-
ville, and purchased his present farm. He is a
member of the Presbyterian Church, and of Allen
M. Harman Post. No. 318, G. A. R.

Mrs. Uksula M Clemjnt, widow of Henry
M. Clement, was born at Bradford, N. Y., Aug. 19,
1829. She was married Nov. 11,1859. Mr. Cle-
ment was born in New Hampshire in 1829. En-
listed Sept. 3. 1864 in Co. F, 161 Vol. Infantry, of
New York. He was discharged Sept 2, 1865, be-
ing disabled. He died Oct 2 1865. Mrs. Clement,
with her family of six children came to Plymouth
township in the winter of 1865. She is a member
of the Baptist Church.

James G. Cole, veterinary surgeon of Plymouth,
was born in Washington, Macomb Co., Mich.,
Sept. I, 1836. On Nov 24, 1856, he married Isa-
bella Kitchen, who was born in New Jersey. June "
II, 1839. They had four children. Mr. Cole in
politics is a Democrat. He is a member of M. E.
Church.

Adin Cummins, farmer of Northville, was born
at Champlain. Clinton Co., N. Y., March 21, 1805.
He married ^iercy skinner, of Canada. March
15, 1825, who was born June 12, 1804. They have
eight children, Zilpha, Jephtha, Sarah, Saloma,
George, Richard, Benjamin and William. George,

enlisted in 4th Mich. Infantry, died while in service.
Benjamin enlisted in loth Mich. Infantry, and died
Aug. 3, 1862. William, enlisted in 5th Mich. In-
fantry, and died at Arlington Heights, Jan. 2, 1862.
Mrs. Cummins died May 9, 1888. The family arc
members of the Baptist Church.

Maggie Doolittle was born at Cleveland,
Tenn., Aug. 11, 1843, and married Henry Doolittle,
Oct. 3, 1865. He was born in Sullivan Co., N. Y.,
May 15, 1 841. He enlisted in Co. H, 2d Mich. In-
fantry, was discharged July 21, 1864; re-enlisted in
Co. A, nth Mich. Infantry, Feb. 10, 1865, and dis-
charged Sept. 16, 1865; was then a corporal. He
died on Jan. 19, 1883, from injuries received while
in service. He had one child, Nettie, born July 25,
1867.

Charles D. Durfee was born at Livonia,
Mich., Sept. 23, 1841. Early in the War of the
Rebellion he enlisted as a private in Co. C, 24th
Michigan Vol. Infantry. He was in the Army of
the Potomac, beginning with the second Battle of
Bull Run, and was twice wounded, in the battles of
the Wilderness and Gettysburgh. He was dis-
charged July 6, 1863; was then Sergeant-Major.
He married Josephine Wyckoff, of Canandaigua,
N. Y., Nov. 6, 1867. They have two children. Mr.
Durfee is owner of the cheese factory at Plymouth.
He has been Supervisor for five years, and is
identified with many business enterprises of Ply-
mouth.

Mrs. Mary Durffe was born in Nankin,
Mich., Dec. 16, 1832. Her parents came to Michi-
gan in 1827. She married R. S. Durfee. of Livonia,
Mich., on July 4. 1854. He was born in New York
State, Oct. 2, 1 814, and came to Michigan with his
parents in 1826. They had nine children. They
moved to Plymouth in 1857. Her husband died
June 21, 1888. Their farm consists of 280 acres.

Reuel Durfee, of Plymouth, was born at
Pontiac, Mich.. Jan. 15, 1827. His parents came
to Michigan in 1826. taking up 80 acres of govern-
ment land. In 1844 Reuel Durfee learned the har-
ness maker's trade at Ann Arbor, remaining three
years. He married Mercy Ann Briggs, of Livonia,
Nov. 3, 1853. She was born Dec. 16, 1829. In
1854 they purchased 80 acres of land at Livonia,
and now have 1 50 acres. They have no children of
their own. Their adopted daughter is the wife of
Frank Miller.

Jasper N. Elliott, machinist and pattern-
maker of Northville, was born Feb. 10, 1842. He
enlisted Aug lo, 1861, in Co. C, ist Michigan Cav-
alry, as a private, and was in 58 engagements. He
was discharged Dec. 21, 1863, and the same day en-
listed in the ist Michigan Veteran Cavalry. In the
spring of 1 864 he was promoted to Corporal of Co,
H, and was discharged at Salt Lake City, March 10,

1436

PERSONAL SKETCHES-PLYMOUTH.

1866. He married Emma Ensley, of Oxford, Mich ,
on Dec. 22, 1866. She was born in Canada, July
12, 1848. They have three children. He is a mem-
ber of Allen M. Harmon Post, No. 318, G. A. R.,
and is a Republican.

Nelson Everitt was born at Montague, Sus-
sex Co., N. J., Feb. 28, 181 1, and came with his
parents to Michigan. He married Emira Northrop,
July 4, 1839. She was born in Monroe Co., N. Y.,
May r, 1819. They have had five children, Mar-
shall, Celesta, Pitt, Mary and Orson. He held the
office of Commissioner of Highways.

C. A. Frtsbie was born in New York State, in

1825. His parents, William S. and Priscilla (Ruff)
Frisbie, came to Michigan in 1853, and engaged in
teaching. He married Miss S. Brady, of New York
State, in 1845. They had one child, Charles W.
His wife died in 1867, and he married Clarissa
Bryant, of Michigan, in 1869. They had one son,
George E. Mr. Frisbie was engaged in the lumber
business with Mr. Connor, in 1869, and taught
school for 19 years.

Hannah C. Gardner, widow of Benjamin
Gardner, was born in New York State, May 18,
1804. She was married July 7, 1836. Mr. Gardner
was born in Vermont, May 12, 1800. In j86i he
came to Michigan, locating at Novi. In 1872 they
came to Northville. He died Oct. 31, 1879. They
had four children

John Gardner, retired farmer of Northville,
was born in New York State, May 9, 18 14. He
married Jane Demming, of Williamston, Mass., on
June 30, 1836 She was born Sept. 26, 181 5. In
1836 they came to Michigan, and purchased 80
acres of land. Mrs. Gardner died Feb., 1879, leav-
ing four children. Mr. Gardner married Maria E.
Farley, of Albion, Mich , April 19, 1882. She was
born at Manchester, N. Y., Aug. 20, 1835. They
are members of the M. E. Church, of Northville.

Clark A. Griswold, farmer of Plymouth
Township, was born in Wilmington, Windham Co.,
Vt., Nov. 30, 1806. He came to Michigan in Nov.,

1826, and purchased 80 acres of land from the
United States Government, at Plymouth. Sept 22,
1829, he married Hannah Yerkes, who was born in
Ovid, N. Y., Dec. 15, 181 2. They had three chil-
dren. Mrs. Griswold died Aug. 2, 1839. Mr.
Griswold married his second wife, Fannie Dean, of
Livonia, Mich., on April 7, 1840. They had three
children Mrs. Fannie Griswold died March 8,
1886. Mr. Griswold is a prominent member of the
Presbyterian Church, of Northville.

John Guthrie, carpenter and joiner, of North-
ville, was born in Delaware, Feb. 9, 1821. He
married Castarah Wallace, of Huntington. Ind.,
Oct. 24, 1847. She was born at Jefferson, O., in
1832. They resided at Detroit until i86r, when

they moved to Northville. He enlisted Dec. 26,
1863, in Co. D, I St Michigan Engineers and Me-
chanics, for three years, and was discharged, by
order of the War Department, Aug. 11, 1865. He
is a member of the M. E. Church.

Henry E. Hilborn, of Northville, was born in
Massachusetts, Sept. 28, 1829. He married Ellen
R. Allen, of Portland, Maine, Nov. 25, 1852. She
was born at Waterford, Me., April 15, 1829. They
had seven children. On July 12, 1861, he enlisted
in Co. E, 1 6th Mass. Vol. Infantry. He was a cor-
poral, and was wounded March 18, 1863, and dis-
charged. In 1865 he went to California for 15
months, then came to Detroit, and in 1884 moved
to Northville.

John Hirsch, carriage and wagon manufac-
turer, was born at Buffalo, N. Y., June 29, 1831.
He married Mary E. Butler, in 1832; she died in
1854. They had one child, who died in 1874.
In 1859 he married Elizabeth Wells of Detroit,
she died in 1861, leaving three children. In 1863
he married Mary Jackson, of Northville, who was
born at Livonia, Mich. In 1865 he came to North-
ville and entered into the manufacture of carriages
and wagons, with Samuel Haley. Mr. Hirsch is
now sole proprietor, and has a large income.

James B. Hoar, dentist of Northville, was born
Aug. 13, 1857. In 1884 he entered the office of Ed-
win Root, of Northville, attended the dental depart-
ment at Michigan University, graduating in 1887.
In August, of the same year he began business for
himself. On Feb. i, 1887, he married Mary Mc-
Farlan, who was born at Northville, May 20, 1857.
Mr. Hoar is a member of the Free and Accepted
Masons, and of other lodges.

George W. Hoisington was born in Clyde,
N. Y., Jan. 13, 1825, and came to Michigan in 1840,
and married Sarah Hughes, of Pinckney, Mich., on
Nov. 3, 1849. She was born in New Jersey, Aug. 5,
1831. In 1854 he located at Plymouth. On Aug.
5, 1862, he enlisted in Co. C, 24th Mich. Infantry,
as a private, he was in the Battles of Fredericks-
bnrgh, Chancellors ville and Gettysburgh.and was dis-
charged being disabled in April, 1865. He returned
to Plymouth and engaged in farming. He has a
family of six children.

Henry Houk was born in Delaware Co., N. Y„
Jan. 28, 1798, and married Betsey Hopkins in 18 19.
In 1836 they came to Michigan. They had eight
children. In 1853 Mrs. Houk died, and on Nov.
28, 1855, he married Lucinda Colby of Livonia,
who was born at Ogden, N. Y., on April 25, 1812.
Her parents came to Michigan, in 1841, purchasing
240 acres of land.

Frederick E. Houchen, of Northville, was
born in Oakland Co., Mich., May 2, 1862. His
parents came to Michigan in 1833. He learned

PERSONAL SKETCHES— PLYMOUTH.

1437

the cigarmaker's trade, at which he worked four
years and has been employed in the largest manu-
factories in Detroit, Chicago and Cleveland. He is
a prohibitionist and a member of the Christian
Church at Cleveland.

Enoch Hughes was born in New Jersey,
April 26, 1803. In 1823 he married Hannah Bunt-
ing, of New Jersey. He came to Michigan in
1 841, locating at Pinckney. In 1863 he moved to
\^"aterford. They have had 15 children, seven liv-
ing. James, George and Napoleon, sons of Enoch
were in the late war, George was killed while in
service.

William N. Hughes was born in Delaware,
June 16, 1839. His parents came to Michigan in
1840. He married Viola Packard, of Plymonth, on
Oct. 25, 1862, who was born Nov. 29, 1849. Her
parents came from the east in 1828. Mr. and Mrs.
Hughes have two children, Nettie, born 'March i,
1865, and Herbert, born July 9. 1868.

Emma Hungerford was born at Barrington,
Mass., March 22, 1808. Her maiden name w^as
Barrett She married Granville Jones of Barring-
ton, on Nov. 19, 1828. One daughter was born to
them. Mr. Jones died in 1832, and in 1844 Mrs.
Jones came to Michigan. In 1845, she married Col.
Sam Hungerford, of Northville. He received his
commission as Col. during the Toledo War, he
died in 1875. Mrs. Hungerford's daughter married
Geo. Wilcox of Northville. They had seven chil-
dren. She died and her mother adopted two of
the children, David and Frederick. The latter en-
listed in 1885, in Co. K. 3d U. S Cavalry as pri-
vate. On May i, 1888, he was prdmoted to Cor-
poral. 1 he regiment is stationed at Fort Brown,
Texas.

Will G. Johnson was born at Plymouth,
Mich., i860, and married Ada Simmons of Liv-
onia, Mich., who was born April i, 1859. They
have one child, Mary, born June 3, 1885. He
farms 123 acres of land They are members of
the Presbyterian Church.

John S. Kellogg was born at Palmyra, N.
Y., Oct. 23, 1824. He came with his parents with
team and covered wagon from New York to Ply-
mouth. In 1869 he engaged in the drug business
and continued in this line 1 5 years. He married
Mary Jane Tindall, Sept 2, 1883. Her parents died
at Plymouth.

Luther Lapham was born in Wayne Co., N.
Y., Dec. 2, 1 8 16. He came to Michigan with his
parents in 1827, and married Deborah B. Lapham,
of Farmington, Mich. She was born March 3,
1 819. They had eight children. J^uther received
1 20 acres of land from his father and purchased
200 more, which he sold in 1866. He purchased
120 acres in Farmington, known as the Luther

Green Farm. His wife died May 26, 1876, and
on Feb. 21, 1878, he married Maria B. Peck, of
Genesee Co., Mich. She was born at Lyon, Mich.,
July 6, 1834.

Mrs. Sarah R. Lapham was born in Wayne
Co., N. Y., March 15, 1820. Her parents came to
Michigan in 1830. Sarah married David Lapham
of Farmington, Mich., on June 27, 1841. He was
born in N. Y. State, March 12, 1 817. He married
for his first wife Emeline Chilson, in 1838. She
died in 1840. They had one child. In 1861 he
enlisted in the 25th Illinois Vol. Infantry, as private.
In 1862 he was promoted to aid-de-camp to Genl.
McCook and while discharging his duty was
wounded. He served until the close of the war
and died Sept. 28, 1877. He had six children by
his second wife.

A. C. Leach was born at Livonia, Mich., Nov.
7. 1835. He received a common school education,
finishing his studies by a two years' course at the
Ypsilan'ti State Normal School. In 1886 he came
to Plymouth, engaged in the manufacture of cheese
and established a factory. In Sept. 1864 he mar-
ried Kate Ketchum, of Farmington, Mich. They
have one child.

James K. Lowden, carpenter and joiner of
Northville, was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Feb.
26, 1 83 1, and married Catherine Hinman, of North-
ville. Feb. 26, 1856. He was born at Bloomfield,
N. Y., Aug, 17,1837. They have six children. He
enlisted Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. D. 5th Mich. Cav.,
as private and was with the regiment in all its en-
gagements ; was taken prisoner and sent to Char-
lotteville, Va., Richmond, Libby and Andersonville.
He was paroled Nov. 21, 1864, and sent to Anna-
polis and being unfit for duty because of wounds,
was discharged at Washington on May 24, 1865.
He is a member of Allen M Harmon Post, 318, G.
A R. of Northville, and member of the Baptist
Church.

WiSLEY McKray, of Plymouth, was born in
Penna, Sept. t 5, 1810. He married Diana Everett,
of Livonia, Mich., on April i, 1836. In 1839 Mr,
McKray engaged in the manufacture of boots and
shoes at Plymouth. Their family consists of four
children. Mrs. McKray died in June, 1855, aged
5 £ years. Mr. McKray is a Democrat in politics.

Charles S. McRobert, was born in New York
State, Sept. 16, 1809. Married Elida Slocum, June
18,1831. She was born June 23, 1810. Theyhad
ten children. In 1837 they came to Lyons Mich.,
where Mr. McRobert taught school in the winter and
worked at the carpenter's and joiner's trade in the
summer. In 1840 he came to Plymouth. Has been
engaged in raising bees for a number of years, hav-
ing 300 hives at a time.

Mrs. Hannah Macomber was born in York-

1438

PERSONAL SKETCHES— PLYMOUTH.

shire, England, March 24, 1824. Her father died
in England. Her mother then married Thomas
Eckles and came to America in 1828, locating at
Livonia. On April 5, 1840, Hannah married John
C. Macomber, of Livonia, v^ho was born May 14,
18 r 8, at Bristol, N. Y. He built the first frame
house at Livonia. They had nine children. In 1 842
they came to Northville, where they have since re-
sided.

George W. Merritt, of Plymouth Township,
was born ^t Salem, Mich., Sept. 27, 1851. He mar-
ried Ella Beebe, of Plymouth, April 4, 1877. She
was born Sept. 24, 1857. They have two children.
Mr. Merritt's parents came to Michigan in 1837, and
located at Plymouth in 1840. His wife's parents
were from New York State. Mr. Merritt is a Demo-
crat. His farm contains 80 acres.

August W. Miller, of the firm of A. W.
Miller & Co., liveryman of Northville, was born in
Germany, Sept. 25, i860. His parents came to
America in 1881, and engaged in farming in Oak-
land Co. On Sept. i, 1888, he, with Louis W.
Mitteldor purchased the livery and sale stables of
J. U. Fuller, of Northville. They have the govern-
ment contract for carrying the mail.

Louis W. Mitteldor, of the firm of A. W.
Miller & Co., liverymen of Northville, was born in
Germany, Feb. i, 1861, and came to America in
1882. His parents and family still reside in Ger-
many. On Sept. I, 1888, he engaged in the livery
business with August W. Miller, purchasing their
stables of F. U. Fuller. By strict attention to
business he has been very successful.

Mrs. Lydia M. Moreland, widow of David
Moreland, of Northville, was born at Whitesbor-
ough, N. Y., March 25, 1835. She was twice
married. Her first husband, James W. Barnhart,
was born in 1833. They had two children. Mr.
Barnhart died Aug. 14, 1883, and in Oct. 1884, Mrs.
Barnhart married David Moreland. He was born
in New York State in 1831, and died June 11,
1885.

Leroy Naylor was born at Salem, Mich., July
26, 1864. His father married Jerusha Winock,
moving to Salem, where they engaged in farming.
Leroy Naylor married Rosey Goodell, March 11,
t886. She was born at Plymouth, Oct. 28, 1863.
Her father enlisted in Co. I. 22d Mich., Inf.; was
discharged by reason of disability and died in 1864.

M. S. NoRTHRUP, farmer of Plymouth, was
born in New York State, May 12, 18 12. In 1833 he
came to Michigan, and purchased 120 acres of land
in Plymouth township. In 1836 he returned to
New York, and on March 27, 1837, he married Free-
love Davis, who was born Feb. 4, 181 5. They had
seven children. Mr. Northrup has been town col-
lector, officer of school board and at one time paid

seven-tenths of all the tax of his district. He is a
Democrat and owns 160 acres of land.

Mrs. Sarah O'Donnell, of Northville, widow
of James W. O'Donnell, was born at Amherst-
burgh, Canada, June 25, 1809. She married Mr.
O'Donnell, March 11, 1844. He was born on
Drummond's Island, March 18, 1822, and was a
carpenter by trade. They had five children. Mr.
O'Donnell died May 15, 1855. Charles U., a son
enlisted in Co. D. 5th Mich. Cavalry as a private,
was secretary to Col, Copeland, and was in the battles
of Gettysburgh and -James River. When dis-
charged on Aug. 5, 1865, he was First Lieutenant
of Co. D. Mrs. O'Donnell is a member of the
Presbyterian Church.

George A. Pardee was born at Plymouth,
Mich., Oct, 23, 1859. His parents came to Michi-
gan in 1835, locating at Dexter. His father was
an attorney and first came to Michigan in 1830, to
settle some claims. In 1854 they settled on the
farm now occupied by George and Carlos. The
father died Nov. 24, 1877, and the mother in 1880.
Mr. Pardee has a farm of 80 acres.

B. A. Parmenter, of Northville, was born at
Novi, Mich., May 7. 1842. His parents came to
Michigan in 1836. On March 25, 1863, he enlisted
in the U. S. Navy, at Detroit, and was sent to Cairo,
111. He was discharged from service in March,
1865, and on Dec. 3, 1866, married Annie Guthrie,
of Northville, who was born Sept. i, 1848. In
1880 Mr. Parmenter erected a steam mill for grind-
ing apples for the manufacture of cider, apple but-
ter and vinegar, and uses an average of 10,000
bushels of apples annually. The family consists
of five children. He is a member of the M. E.
Church and of Allen N. Harmon Post, No. 318,
G. A R.

Mrs. J. D. Peck was born at Livonia, Mich.,
Aug. 3, 1827. She was the first white female child
born in Livonia, and married Mr. Peck, Jan. i, 1846.
He was born at Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y., Oct.
7, 1822, and came with his parents to Michigan in
1 83 1. In 1862 he purchased 310 acres of land,
where he resided until his death, which occurred
on April 17, 1884. Mrs. Peck is the mother of
five children. In 1885 she purchased a residence
at Plymouth, and her father resides with her.

John C. Peterhaus was born at Plymouth,
Feb. 9, 1840. His parents came to Plymouth in
1839. He married Hester A. Smith, of Salem,
Mich., on July 2, 1863. She was born April 20,
1846. They have five children. He enlisted Sept.
16, 1 861, in Co. F, 15th Michigan, and was in the
Peninsular Campaign with McClellan. He was
discharged Oct., 1862, and draws a' pension. He
is a bricklayer and mason by trade, and has 20
acres of land.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— PLYMOUTH.

1439

Cyrus Pinckney was born at Howell, Mich.,
March 25, 1852. He was engaged in the drug
business at Plymouth for eighteen years. He now
manufactures an air rifle under patent granted,
under the firm name of Pinckney & Hamilton.
They manufacture 100 rifles per day. He married
Alma Burrow, Jan. 15, 1877.

Marion A. Porter, of the firm of Sands &
Porter, furniture dealers, was born in Preston Co.,
W. Va., May 14, 1850. At the age of 20 years he
entered the Agricultural College at Lansing, Mich.
In 1882 he purchased an interest in the business he
is now engaged in, and on March 17, 1882, mar-
ried Bell Sands, who was born at Northville, May
13, 1862. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge,
of Northville, and a member of the Presbyterian
church.

Mrs. Nancy Ramsdell, widow of William A.
Ramsdell, was born on Washington Island, Nov.
16, 1837. She married Mr. Ramsdell, of Plymouth,
Feb. 2, 1857. He was born in New York, April
29, 1824, and came to Michigan with his parents in
1829, locating on 320 acres of land, a portion of
which Mrs. Ramsdell still owns. Mr. Ramsdell
owned and operated the foundry, known as Meads
Mill. In 1885 they moved to Florida, and engaged
in orange raising, where Mr. Ramsdell died, April
7, 1886. His widow with eight children returned
to Plymouth in 1887.

Elizabeth Rodgers, of Northville. was born
March 12, 181 3, at Moreland, Pa Her father came
to Michigan in 1831, and located on land in Novi,
Oakland Co. Her mother died in New York State,
while preparing to come West. Her father died
Aug. 2, 1833. His farm contained 320 acres of land
when purchased.

John Sands, of the firm Sands & Porter, furni-
ture dealers, was born in New York State, Sept. 28,
181 8, and came to Michigan in 1827. He married
Nancy Ann Beal, May 15, 1839. She was born in
Vermont in 1814, and died Dec. 10, 1855. In Nov.,
1856, he married Marietta Baker, of Northville, who
was born in New York State, in 1821. She died
May 10, 1864. They had one child. On June 26,
1867, he married Cornelia R. Fox, who was born
in Connecticut, April 29, 1821. Mr. Sands is a
Republican.

Mrs. Cornelia R. Sands, of Northville, was
born in Connecticut, April 20, 1821. Her parents
were Uavid H. and Mary (Gregory) Rowland, who
came to Michigan in 1832. Cornelia married Rev.
Thomas Fox, of Romeo, Mich., Aug. 28, 1843; he
was born in 181 7. They had two children. Mr.
Fox died on Aug. 30, 1847. She married her second
husband, Mr. Sands, who was a member of the State
Legislature in 1838.

John Scipo was born in Pennsylvania, Jan. i,

1854. His parents resided in Canada a number of
years, and located at Ypsilanti in 1870. He mar-
ried Indiana Smith, of Ypsilanti, Mich., who was
born Jan. 3, 1857. They have three children. He
moved to Plymouth, and engaged in farming in
1875. The family are members of the Baptist
Church.

August Seiting, of Plymouth, was born July
5, 1834. He came to Plymouth in 1872, and married
Caroline Waybar, on Nov. 9, 1874. She was born
in Germany, Oct. 9, 1849, and came to the United
States in 1873. They have two children, Mary and
Annie. They own a fine farm, and are members
of the Lutheran Church.

Mrs. Eunice Shepard, of Northville, Mich.,
was born in Sheldon, N. Y., April 9, 1816. She is
the widow of George Shepard, who was born in
New York State, in 1805. They were married
Dec. 12, 1833, and had three children. Mr. Shep-
ard died in May, 1864.

George W. Simmons, son of Zabina and Bet-
sey Simmons, was born in Livonia, Wayne Co.,
Feb. 4, 1829. His parents came to Livonia from
Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1827. He married Mary A.
Gooding, of Livonia, Feb, 21, 1850, She was born
at Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y., April 26, 1832.
They have had eleven children.

Hannah L. Simonds, widow of William G.
Simonds, was born at Fayette, N. Y., Jan. 3,
1833. She married Mr. Simonds Nov. i, 1858.
He was born at Milo, N. Y., May 24, 1830. In
1866 they came to Novi, Mich., remaining four
years, and then moved to Virginia. In 1887 they
returned to Novi. Mr. Simonds died March 27,
1884. They had three children. Are members of
the Presbyterian Church of Northville.

Mrs. Arvilla Taylor was born at Madrid, N.
Y., Aug. 9, 1836. Her maiden name was Maxfield.
She has been twice married. She married her first
husband, George McFarland, July 26, 1852. He was
born in Duchess Co., N. Y., June 14, 1825. They
had six children. Mr. McFarland died May 12,
1877. His widow married Stephen Taylor, of Ply-
mouth, Nov. 24, 1879. He was born in New York,
June 10. 1832, and is a carpenter by trade, Mrs.
Taylor owns a farm of 40 acres of land, all under
cultivation.

David Toll was born at Pittsburgh, Pa., May
21, 1845. Married Hannah Tongan, #of Canada,
Jan. 1,1862. She was born May 10, 1847. They
had three children. His wife died in 1879. In 1880
he moved to Plymouth, and on Jan 1 5, 1885, he mar-
ried Louisa Haldiner, of Plymouth. She was born in
Germany,' March 7, 1858, and came to America in
1878.

Mrs Julia A. Van Dyne, widow of Isaac S.
Van Dyne, was born at Ovid, N. Y., Dec. 18, 18 12.

I440

PERSONAL SKETCHES— PLYMOUTH.

She married Mr. Van Dyne, April 28, 1828. He
was born in New York City, April 6, 1803, and
came to Michigan in 1828, taking up 160 acres of
government land, the deed being signed by John Q.
Adams. He came to Northville in 1853. Six
children were born to them. Mrs. Van Dyne is a
member of the M. E. Church.

John Webber, farmer and gardener of Ply-
mouth Township, was born in New York State
June 16, 1833. Came to Michigan with his parents
in 1838. He married Susan Manchester, of Mercy>
Essex Co . Canada West, on May 21, 1856. She
was born at Garfield, Canada West, Nov. 9, 1834.
They have had eight children. They came to Ply-
mouth in 1879.

Brayton G. Webster was born at Salem,
Mich., Oct. 27, 1842. Enlisted Aug. 4, 1862, as
private in Co. F, 20th Mich., Infantry, and was in
the battles of Vicksburg, Fredericksburg, Siege of
Knoxville, Cold Harbor, and in others. He lost an
arm while in service. Was sent to the hospital
where he remained until Nov. 4, 1865, when he
returned to Salem. He married Esther E. Heid-
son, of Lyon, Mich., May 12, 1869. She was born
at Ann Arbor, March 4, 1846. Three children
were born to them. Mr. Webster is a carpenter
and joiner by trade. He is a member of Allen M.
Harmon Post, No. 318, G. A. R., of Michigan, also
of the Lodge of Chosen Friends of Northville

William Worth Wendell an attorney of
Northville, was born at Rose, Oakland Co., Mich.,
Jan. 7, 1852. When 18 years of age he entered the
Michigan State Normal School, graduating in 1 876.
For nine years he was principal of the Clinton and
Hudson schools. Part of his vacations were spent
in the law office of Conely, Maybury & Lucking of
Detroit, and with J. H. Wendell of Minneapolis,
Minn. In 1885 he entered the law department of
Michigan University; graduated in 1886, and
located at Northville, in Oct., 1887.

John A. Whipple was born on the farm origin-
ally taken up by his father, Arnold Whipple, who
with his brother settled here in 182$. Arnold
Whipple was an officer in the Black Hawk War,
He married Sophia Barnhart, May 10, 1827; she

was born April 9, 1808. Edwin A. Whipple mar-
ried Lucy E. Van Dyne, Aug. 20, 1865. She was
born at Novi, Mich, Oct. i, 1847. They have one
child, Ada, born July, 1866.

Henry M. White was born at Livonia, Mich.,
July 30, 1837. His parents came to Michigan in
1836. When he was seventeen years of age they
moved to Plymouth, where he taught school and
worked upon the farm. On Aug. 14, 1862, he en-
listed in Co. D, 5th Mich. Cavalry Volunteers, and
was in the battles of Gettysburgh, Littletown, Hag-
erstown, Newby's Cross, Yellow Tavern, Morton's
Ford, and others. He was promoted to Sergeant,
Dec. I, 1862, Commissary Sergeant. Nov. i,
1863, First Sergeant, Feb. 15, 1865. Commissioned
as Second Lieutenant, April 14, 1865, First Lieu-
tenant July 3, 1865. He was discharged with his
regiment on July 5, 1865. He married Jennie
Hamblin of Plymouth, in May, 1867. She died
March, 1875, leaving one child, Mattie S. In June
1877, he married Jennie Dunlap of Northville.

Mrs. Almira Wilkins, of Northville, was born
at Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y., Nov. 2, 1838, and mar-
ried Wilmer S. Stewart, April 10, i860. He was
born May 10, 1835. In 1861 he enlisted in the Mich.
Lancers. The regiment was disbanded, and on
Aug. 14, 1862, he enlisted in Co. D, 5th Mich.
Cavalry; was taken prisoner June 11, 1864, and
confined at Libby and Andersonville prisons. He
was paroled from Savannah, Nov. 2[, 1864. and
served until the cfose of the war. He died at
Northville. Feb. 24, 1880. They had a family of
six children. Mrs Stewart married her second
husband, Josiah Wilkins, of Northville, on Feb. 24,
1884. He was born March 25, 1824. He was a
cooper by trade. He died Feb. 28, 1888.

Mary Wilkinson was born at Springwells,
Mich., Dec. 13, 1844. She married Isaac B. Wil-
kinson, June 10, 1863. He enlisted Sept. 10, 1863,
in Co. F, 1 6th Mich. Volunteer Infantry. He was
discharged on account of sickness on Feb. 22, 1865.
Returned to Michigan and located at Northville,
where he died April i, 1882. They had nine chil-
dren.

REDFORD.

George Beveridge was born at Dearborn,
May 4, 1862. He attended school until 18 years of
age, and in 1886 engaged in the mercajitile busi-
ness ; the same year he was appointed postmaster
under President Cleveland. He is also agent of the
American Express Co. He married Jessie E. Lob-

dell, of Holly, Mich., Feb. 5, 1886. Mr. Beveridge
does a business of about $10,060 per year.

Sarah C. Cole, widow of Amos W. Cole, was
born in New York State, Sept. 16, 1820. She mar-
ried James Bucklin, of Dearborn, Mich., Dec 22,
1839. He came to Dearborn when 19 years of

PERSONAL SKETCHES— REUFORD.

1441

age. He was Justice of the Peace for nine years,
and died Feb. 17, 1848. They had four children,
Andrew J.. Harriet M., Lyman D., and John H.
Andrew J. enlisted in the 24th Mich. Infantry, in
i86r, and was promoted to Lieutenant. He re-en-
listed Jan. 4, 1 864, in the 1 5th Mich. Was wounded at
the battle of Gettysburgh, July 3, 1863. Lyman D.,
enlisted in Co. C, 1st Mich. Cavalry, Oct. 16, 1863,
was wounded at Lookout Mountain, and brought
home, where he died Jan 27, 1865. Mrs. Bucklin
married for her second husband, Amos W. Cole.
He was born at Detroit, Feb. 16, 1808 They had
three children. Mr. Cole had two sons by his first
wife. Charles enlisted in the 24th Michigan In-
fantry, and was killed at the battle of Gettysburgh.
James, the second son, enlisted and was wounded,
and died in the hospital. Mrs. Cole is a member of
the M. E. Church.

Mrs. Carrie Gordon, widow of George C.
Gordon, was born at Redford, May 27, 1840, Her
parents came to Michigan in 1836, locating on 160
acres of government land. She married George C.
Gordon May 27, 1857. He was born at Napanee^
Canada, Oct. 15, 1832. He came to Michigan in
1844, taught school several years and then entered
the law department at Ann Arbor, graduating in
i860. He practiced law at Detroit, and enlisted
July 15, 1862, in' 24th Mich., Co. I., as Lieutenant,
and was promoted to Captain before leaving the
State. He was in the battles at Fredericksburg and
Gettysburgh; where he was taken prisoner and sent
to Libby, Charleston, Macon and Columbia,
but escaped by jumping the train with three others.
He was discharged by special order June 13. 1865.
He served as Superintendent of Schools two years.

Elizabeth G. Hawthorne was born in Eng-
land, March 12. 1833. When she was 24 years of
age her parents came to America, locating at Mil-
ford, Oakland Co., Mich. She married James F.
Hawthorne, Dec. 18, 1858. He was born in Ire-
land, Nov. I, 1849 In 1 88 1 they moved to Red-
ford, and on May 16, 1885. her husbaad died. Nine
children were born to them, seven of whom are
living.

Napoleon B. Hughes was born in Livingston
Co., N. Y., Sept. 15, 1843. He married Charlotte
Ann Nichols, of Plymouth, Sept. 15, 1863. She
was born in New York in 1846. He enhsted in Co.
F, 1st Mich. Engineers and Mechanics. Was dis-
charged Sept. 22, 1865, and returned to Plymouth.
He married his second wife Maria Doolittle of Li-
vonia, on Feb. 22, 1866. She was born in New
York State in 1851. They have had four chiidren.
He is a member of Eddy Post No. 231, G. A R., of
Plymouth.

John Lacy, farmer and engineer, of Redford,
was born at Hamilton, Ontario, April 20, 1852.

When 17 years of age he began the life of a sailor,
and gradually worked his way to engineering, which
employment he has followed 14 years. He married
Anna Grotenrath, of Rockwood, Mich., March 25.
1886. She was born at Cleveland, O., Aug. 26,
1867. John, with his brother, owns a farm of 80
acres

John Lathrop, farmer of Redford, was born
in Canada, July 15, 181 5, and came to Michigan in
1840; married Cecilia, Connor of Vermont, in 1846.
She was born in Ireland, Dec. 22, 181 3. They
have three children. He lived upon a farm at
Greenfield, 10 years, and in Detroit 30 years, work-
ing at his trade, that of carpenter and joiner. In
1882 he purchased a farm of 30 acres at Redford,
where he now resides.

John M. Lee, was born in Burlington Co., New
Jersey, May 1 8, 1 833 Ffe married Sarah Ann Norris,
of Redford, Aug. 20, 1855. who was born Aug.
20,1834. They have had seven children Mr. Lee
came from Livonia to Redford and engaged in mer-
cantile business in the spring of 1886. He has
held a number of township offices, was Town Treas-
urer two years. Supervisor in 1876, and was re-
elected in 1 88 1. He has also been School Director
for eight years, and Notary Public for thirteen years.

Robert A. Lyon was born upon the farm he
now occupies, which was settled by his father, in
1828. The deed for the land was signed by Thomas
Jefferson. His father was born in Yorkshire; Eng ^
and came to Michigan in 1828. Robert married
Ada E. Gordon, Aug. 22, 1883. She was born at
Redford, Oct. 29, 1858. They have a farm of 160
acres, and are members of the M. E. Church.

Mrs. Rachel McCoy was born in Redford,
Aug. 19, 1847. Her parents came to Michigan in
1837. She married James H. McCoy, of Redford,
Jan. 16, 1864. He was born at New Brunswick.
July 12,1841. He enlisted in 1861 in Co. I, 7th
Mich. Infantry, as private, enlisting twice in same
regiment and company, and was discharged in 1865,
at the close of the war. They had seven children.
Mr. McCoy died July i, 1884.

Thomas P. Matthews was born in Middle-
bury, Vermont, in 179 1. At the age of 17 years he
entered Middlebury College and graduated in 1811.
In 181 5 he graduated from Fairfield Medical Col-
lege, and in 1820 was appointed representative of
the State of Vermont. He was professor of an-
atomy, physiology and chemistry, in Vermont Med-
ical College for two years. In 1836 he came to
Redford, Michigan, and was the first physician in
the township. He was Town Clerk for many years,
and in 1853 was elected to the State Legislature of
Michigan. He died October 16, 1869.

James D. Perry was born in Pennington Co.,
Vermont, Aug. 7, 1 8 1 5. His parents came to Mich-

1442

PERSONAL SKETCHES— ROMULUS.

igan in 1835, taken up 160 acres of government
land. James D. Perry married Grace Welts of
Macornb Co., Dec. 29, 1836. She was born in
Huntington Co., N. J., Jan. 16, 1814. They had
nine children. His wife died in March, 1886. Mr.
Perry has been Commissioner of Highways 12
years, and Overseer of Highways 45 years, out of a
residence of 52 years. He moved to Redford on
an ox sled and located on land taken up by a Mr.
Kuhn, receiving his deed of 240 acres from the
Michigan State Bank, 14 acres being cleared.

Catherine Pierce, widow of Onesimus O.
Pierce, of Redford, was born in Oneida Co., N. Y.,
Oct. 6, 1 81 8. Her parents came to Michigan in
1 832, locating at Livonia on 320 acres of govern-
ment land. She was married Jan. 3, 1839. Mr.
Pierce was born in St. Lawrence Co.. N. Y., Aug.
16, 1809, and came to Michigan in 1833. He was
School Inspector, Township Clerk and Supervisor.
In 1872 he represented the 3d District of Wayne
Co., in the State Legislature, defeating Daniel
Tompkins. He died May 6, 1876. They had nine
children.

John Race was born at Redford, May 6, 1833.
He married Sophia Grace, Sept. 26, 1861, who was
born at Farmington, Oakland Co., Mich.. Sept. 26,
1836. They began farming soon after their mar-
riage and now own 50 acres of land, occupying a
fine residence built in 1885.

DiANTH A Sackett, widow of Benjamin Sackett,
was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., June 18, 1823.
Her parents came to Michigan in 1833. She was
married April 3, 1839. Mr. Sackett was born in
Steuben Co., N. Y., and came to Redford in 1832.
They have had three children, Caroline, Maria and
Clarke. The family are members of Redford
Baptist Church, and have a farm of 53 acres.

Martin Sackett, of Redford. was born May
10. 1840 His parents came to Michigan in 1830.
Martin enlisted in the 7th Mich Inf , Co. I, Jan ,
1862; was wounded and discharged. He re-en-

listed in the loth Mich. Cav., Co. B, in the fall of
1 863, and was discharged at the close of the war,
returning to Redford and engaging in farming.
He married Susan Booth, of Detroit, in 1863, who
was born at Plymouth, March 15. 1847, and died
in April, 1887. They had seven children.

Charles C. Smith, M. D., of Redford, was
born in New Hampshire, July 28, 1828. Was edu-
cated at Phillips Academy, Exeter, and Kimball
Union ^cademy, and graduated from Dartmouth
College in 1852. In 1854 he came to Michigan, lo-
cating at Redford, and married Mary Houk, of
Redford, May 4, 1836. She was born in New York,
Feb. 28, 1832. Her parents came to Michigan in
1837. Dr. Smith enlisted Aug. 28, 1862, and was
appointed Asst. Surgeon, by Gov. Blair, and received
his discharge in 1863. He has been School In-
spector, Township Clerk, and Health Officer, and
was appointed Jury Commissioner, by Gov. Jerome.
In 1866 he was elected representative to the State
Legislature, serving one term Dr. and Mrs. Smith
have had six children.

Frederick R. Wardle was born at Staf-
fordshire, Eng., Jan. 25, 1851. From the age of
eight years he worked in the coal mines until 25
years of age. In 1875 he came to America, re-
mained in New York a short time, and then going
to Ohio and engaging in mining, subsequently going
to the mines in Tennessee. He was in the gro-
cery business in New Jersey for one year ; then re-
turned to England. In 1879 he came to Detroit,
and in 1887 moved to Redford and engaged in
business. He owns considerable property on
Grand River Ave., Detroit, where he was at one
time engaged in the meat business.

John Wardle, merchant of Redford. was born
at Staffordshire, England, in a railroad car. When
13 years of age he went into the mines to work.
In April, 1884, he came to America locating at De-
troit; married Anna Steagar, of Redford, July 10,
1887, and since then has made Redford his home.

ROMULUS.

James Botcham, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in England. April 16, 1816, came to America
in 1824, and settled in Wayne Co., in 1837. In 1841
he married-Esther Fray. She was bom in Charlotte-
ville, Canada, Nov. 17, 1820. Their children living
are Charlotte, Albert and Sarah. Mr. Botcham has
held several town offices.

Geurge W. Bills was born in Coldwater,
Mich., Dec. 8. 1859, and came to Wayne Co. with his
parents in 1861. In 1884 he married Anna Jaques.
She was born June 8, 1 864.

Joseph Buck, a farmer of Romulus, was born
in Germany, March, 1837 and settled in Wayne Co-
Married Sopha Sebert, in 1865. who was born in
Germany, i 838. Their children are Sopha, Mary
and Freddie

Louis J. Dean was born in Del ware, Nov 27,
1843, and came to Wayne Co. in 1856. His father,
William, was born in 1803, and died in 1878. His
mother, Mary A., was born in 1805.

Robert Dean, a farmer of Romulus, was born
in Delaware, Feb. 27, 1834, and came to Wayne

PERSONAL SKETCHES— ROMULUS.

H43

Co. in 1856. He married Angeline Dean, Jan.,
1856; she was born on Feb. 22, 1837. They are
both members of the Free M E. Church.

Thomas Downing was born in England, July
6, 1830, and came to America in 1838. The year
previous his father, Richard Downing, came here,
and in a few months died; his wife died in 1882,
aged ^6. Thomas married Emma Chown of Eng-
land, in i860. They have six children, Annie, who
married Hiram Morris, of Romulus, Lillian I., Es-
tella. Frank, Charles and Grace. For many years
he was engaged in the millmg business. He has
lived in Romulus since i860, and is a member of
the Wesleyan Church.

Anurfw J Eves, a farmer of Romulus was
born in Wayne 06., Jan. 28, 1836. He married
Louisa E. Brass, April 5, 1858; she was born Sept.
1840. Their children are Samuel E., Morris A.,
Emma. Alma and Libbie.

Georgr M. Eves, a farmer of Romulus was
born in Wayne Co, Oct. 29, 1838; married Eme-
line Forbes, Jan. i, 1867. She was born in 1842.
Their children are Edith and Ida. He was en-
gaged in the brick business for ten years.

August Frank a farmer of Romulus was born
in Germany, March, 6, 1843, and came to America
in 1873 and settted in Wayne Co. He married
Caroline Sebert in 1873, who was born in Germany,
Oct., 1853. They have one child, Rachel, born
March 6, 1873.

Fred Gall was born in Germany, March 21,
1845, came to America in 1872 and settled in
Wayne Co. He married Minnie Lang, Aug. 1 1, 1872,
who was born in 1853. Their children living are
Anna, Theresa, Albert, Bertha, Minnie, Alvina and
Emma.

Anthony Gauss, a farmer of Romulus, who
died May 16, 1885, was born in Germany, in 1853.
He married Sopha Wedow, Sept. 10, 1866. She
was born in Germany, Dec. 30, 1844. Their chil-
dren are Emma, Martha, Frank and Georgie.

William Hale was born in New York State,
Sept. 20, 181 7, and came to Wayne Co. in 1835. I^^
1837 he married Eliza Shook, who died in 1839,
leaving one child, Ellen. For his second wife he
married Melissa Carleton, in 1844, who was born in
1826. Their children living are Henry, Emily,
John, Maria and Lucy. His business is farming.

John Helmer was born in Germany in July,
1824, came to America, May 14, 1854, and settled
in Wayne Co., April 5, 1865. He married Rosa
Trostel, May, 1855. She was born in Germany,
Nov. 25, 1835, and died Dec. 3, 1887. Their chil-
dren living are Charles, Carrie, Emma, Annie,
Josephine and John. He is a member of the Cath-
olic Church.

William Hospital was bom in Ireland, in

1842, came to America in 1853, and settled in Wayne
Co. in 1869. He married Maggie Haitner in 1875.
She was born in Detroit, in 1854. Their children
living are Lottie, John, Georgie, Margaret J , Charles
and William.

John Huntley, a farmer of Romulus, who died
Sept 3, 1883, was born in New York State, in 1805,
and came to Wayne Co. in 1838. In April, 1835, he
married Charity Boker She was born in Vermont,
Sept. II, 181 5. Their children living are Elizabeth,
Charlotte, Daniel, Delia, Cornelia and Mary. Mrs.
Boker is a member of the M. E. Church.

Mrs. Jeannette (Cook) Jacot was born in
New York State, July 20, 181 1. In 1831 she mar-
ried David F. Jacot. He was born Jan., i?c8, and
died Feb. 8, 1876. They came to Wayne Co. in
1837. Their children living are Mary C, David
M., Henrietta, Sarah, Elias, Solomon, Ezra and
Jessie. He was a shoemaker by trade.

George Killingbeck was born in England,
May 4, 1829, and came to America, 1831, settling
in Wayne Co. in 1865 He married Ellen Little,
who was born in Canada in 1846. Their children
living are John, George H., Samuel, Elizabeth and
Martha,

Samuel R. Kingsley was born in New York
State, May 21, 18 10. He came to Wayne Co. in
1852, and married Polly Straight, Jan. i, 1832.
She was born in New York State, Nov. 15, 1807.
Their children living are William P., Sarah A.,
John H.. Orrin D., Samuel R , Jr., Mary J., Zacariah
S. He was engaged in the mercantile business 1 5
years, and was Postmaster 19 years.

Fred. Kugaht, a farmer of Romulus Township,
was born in Germany, Sept. 13, 1845, came to
America in 1868, settled in Detroit, and married
Minnie Grunwold, in 1872. She was born in 185 1.
Their children are Charles, Anna, Minnie, John,
Augustus and Fred. While in Detroit he was en-
gaged in the brick business.

Christopher Leverance, a farmer of Romu-
lus, was born in Germany, May 21, 1822, came to
America in 1869, and settled in Wayne Co. He
married Dora Leverance in 1848. She was born in
Germany in May, 1822. Their children are Fred,
John, Christopher, Charles and Sophia. Charles
married Frances McConlogu.e, in 1887. She was
born in 1870.

Thomas McCollough, a farmer of Romulus
Township, was born in Ireland in 1832, came to
America in 1851, and settled in Wayne Co. in 1853.
In 1858 he married Elizabeth Melley. She was
born June 31, 1826.

Thomas McNutt, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in Ireland in 181 5 ; came to America, Aug. 27,
1863. He married Elizabeth Wilson in 1843, who
was born in 1825. Their children are John, James,

H4+

PERSONAL SKETCHES— ROMULUS.

Charles, Samuel, Thomas, William, Alexander,
Catherine and Jane.

Charles Meyers, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in Germany, Feb. 27, 1834, came to America
in 1862, and settled in Wayne Co. He married
Anna Kagler in i860. She was born Dec. 20, 1837.
Their children living are Rachael, Charles, Her-
man, Louis, and Louisa.

John Milatz, a farmer of Romulus, was born
in Germany, Dec. 29, 1828, came to America in
1855, and settled in Wayne Co. He married Fred-
ericka Brockmann in Feb. 1856 She was born in
Germany, in 1836. Their children living are
Charles, Eliza, John, William, Albert, and Edward.

George W. Moore, Sr., was born in New
York City, Sept. 27, 18 10, and came to Wayne Co.,
Nov. 9, 1843. He married Mary Emery, Oct. 12,

1837. She was born in England, in Oct. 181 5.
Their children are Francis M., James E , Eliza,
Jasper, George N, and Minnie E. Mr. Moore was
Supervisor of Romulus three years, Treasurer three
years, Justice of the Peace, 22 years, he was also
Town Clerk.

LUDWIG Monk, a farmer of Romulus Town-
ship, was born in Germany, Nov. 11, 1838; came
to America in 1871, and settled in Wayne Co. He
married Julia Litsaw, in 1863. She was born in
Germany, March 10, 1836. Their phildren are
Albert, Rudolph, Augusta, Anna, and Matilda.

James Munday, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in Scotland, in Feb 181 8, came to America in

1838, and settled in Wayne Co., in 1858. He mar-
ried Catherine McPherson. Their children living
are John, Jennie, Maggie and Katie.

David Phipps was born in England, in 1836^
and married Clarissa (Hosner) Tyler, in 1887. She
was born in New York State, Jan. 31, 181 7. Her
first husband was Jason Tyler, whom she married
in 1838. He was born in 18 19, and died July 8,
1883. Her children are Tanjore T., John, Albert,
Wilder, Polly and Annabell.

Cornelius C. Post was born in the State of
New Jersey, Feb. 9, 1808, and came to Wayne Co.,
in 1832. He married Mercy Tyler, Dec. 31, 1829.
She w^born Nov. 7, 18 14, and died Dec. 21, 1844.
Their children living are Jason T., Polly A., and
Lucinda. He married his second wife, Sarah
(Lewis) Connor, Nov. 18, 1846. She was born
Jan. 15, 1 810, in St. Johns, New Brunswick. They
have two children, George C. and Sarah J. His
father, Cornelius H. Post, was born in 1762, served
in the war of 1776, and died in 1848.

John Preston, a farmer of Romulus Town-
ship, was born in Ireland in 1828, came to America
in 1853 and settled in Wayne Co., in 1858. In 1855
he married Johanna Stepleton. She was born in
Ireland, in 1823. They have one child, John, born in

February, 1859. He is a member of the Catholic
Church.

Andrew J.^Pullen, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in Wayne Co , N. Y , Jan. 26, 181 5, and came
to Wayne Co., Mich., in July, 1832. In 1838 he
married Jane E Bloomer. She was born in 1821,
and died in 1856. Their children are Mary ].,
Julia E., Charles, and Nancy. In 1858 he married
his second wife, Miss Esther Hall. She was born
Oct. 15, 1834. Their children living are Nettie,
Edwin S. Grant, Henry W , Eugene K., and Myrtle.
Mr. PuUen was Town Supervisor fourteen years.
Clerk three years, and also Superintendent of
Schools.

Hiram Rawson, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in New York State, Nov. fg. 1809, and came
to Wayne Co., Mich., in 1842. He married Lavina
Besley in 1834. She was born in New York State,
Feb. II, 1814. Their children are Glover, James,
Hannah A. and William.

Daniel Rose, a farmer of Romulus, was born in
Jefferson Co., N. Y., Dec. 7, 181 8, came to Wayne
Co. in April 1847, and married lantha Grommond,
April 4, 1847. She was born Feb. 7, 1.816. Their
children are, David, born April 16, 1848*, and Emma,
born Feb. 7, 1852.

Fred Schwartz, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in Germany, Jan. 5. 1832, came to America in
1 872, and settled in Wayne Co. He married Minnie
Groff in 1867. She was born in Germany, March
30, 1837.

Julius Schulz was born in Germany, Aug. 7,
i860, came to America in 1881, and settled in
Wayne Co., and married Annie Conrad, Jan 10,
1887. She was born Feb. 7, i860. He is a black-
smith by trade.

George Stewart was born in Ireland, April
15, 1826, and came to America in 1844. He mar-
ried Frances McGuire in 1848. She was born in
1827, and died in i860. Their children living are
Thomas, John, Samuel and James. His second
wife was Libbie Weldon whom he married in 1870.
She was born in 1842. Their children are Francis,
George and Bertha He is a shoemaker by trade.

William Stewart, a farmer of Romulus, was
born in Scotland in 181 3, and came to America in
1854. In i860 he married Anna Keaton. She was
born in Ireland, 1823. Their children living are
Mary and Sarah. Mr. Stewart served thirteen
years in the British Army. He is a member of the
Catholic Church.

Michael Thead, a farmer of Romulus town-
ship, was born in Germany in March, 1835, came
to America in 1863, and settled in Wayne Co. in
1883. In 1863 he married Henrietta Kruer. She
was born in Germany in Oct., 1835. Their children
are Augustus, Bertha, Herman and Julius.

PERSONAL SKETCHES^SPRINGWELLS.

1445

Andrew Threadgould was born in England
Oct. 21, 1827, came to America in 1850, and set-
tled in Wayne Co. He married Mrs. Caroline L.
Litogot, daughter of Orange Brown, March r, 1874.
She was born Jan. 18, 1833, and died Feb. 15. 1884.
He is a blacksmith by trade.

Daniel Webber, a farmer of Romulus town-
ship, was born in Maine, April 17, 181 2, and came
to Michigan in 1866, and settled in Romulus,
Wayne Co. In 1868 he married Mary (Archbald)
Johnson. She was born in England, May 27, 1845.
Their children are, Chloe M., Daniel, Jr., and Wal-
ter L. Mr. Webber is a carpenter by trade.

Frank Wegienke was born in Germany,
April 18, 1843. He came to America in 1872, and
settled in Wayne Co. in 1876. He married Mary
Wagner in 1 869. She was born in 1853. Their
children are, Witek, Maggie, Jennie, Peter, Katie,
Joseph, Mary, Hattie and Rosa. He is a member
of the Catholic Church.

Ambrose P. Young was born in New York
State, May 23, 18 14, came to Wayne Co. in 1836,
and married Eliza A. Dykeman, Feb. 22, 1838.
She was born iti Nov., 1816, in New Jersey. Their
children living are Nancy S., Adeline A., Thomas
B., Augusta J., George H., Frank P., Charles E.,
Ida M., Mary E., and Anna J. Mr. Young has
been Justice of the Peace 40 years ; also, Super-
visor, Town Clerk, and School Inspector, and was
elected to the State Legislature in 1840, and 1881.
He was also Deputy Sheriff three years. He is a
carriagemaker by trade.

Daniel Zelmer was born in Germany, Jan. 17,
1829, came to America in 1856, and settled in
Wayne Co. in 1868. He married Louisa Block in
1863. She was born in 1^44, and died in August,
1874. Their children are, Fred, Millie, Charles
and Lena. He married his second wife, Minnie
Schamsky, in 1875. She was born in Germany in
1847, and died in 1877, leaving one child, Emma.

SPRINGWELLS.

Harry Button was born at Erieville, N. Y.,
in 1820. His father, Richard Button, was born in
Connecticut, and died at Canandaigua, N. Y. His
mother, Amenia Sims, was born in Connecticut and
died at Erieville, N. Y. Mr. Button married Lucy
Strong, of Brownstown, Mich., and settled at Green-
field in 1839. Her father, Amasa Strong, and her
mother, Patience, were born in Connecticut, and
died in Springwells, Mich Mr. and Mrs. Button
had three children. His business is farming and
coopering. He has a farm of 22 acres. He has
held the offices of Drain and Road Commissioner,
and Justice of the Peace.

Elizabeth Haggerty was born at Greenfield,
Mich., in 1838. Her father, John Strong, was born
in England, and her mother also. They came to
Greenfield in 1826. Her father was Supervisor,
School Director and Road Commissioner. She mar-
ried Lorenzo Haggerty, Dec. 8, 1861. He was born
at Greenfield, in 1836. They have two sons Mrs.
Haggerty owns 50 acres of land, and is also en-
gaged in the manufacture of brick, on the Chicago
Road. The sons are members of Masonic and Odd
Fellow lodges.

John Holmes was born in England, in 18 19.
His parents were also liatives of England. Both of
them died at Greenfield. John Holmes married
Emma Allen, of Consul, Staffordshire, Eng., Dec.
25, 1849. He married his present wife, Sarah L.
Ward, Aug. 14, 1859. They have six children.
He settled in Springwells, in 1842, and has 46
acres of land.

' William Holmes was born at Yorkshire, Eng.,
in ) 82 1 . He married Eleanor Adams, of Colchester,
Canada, Jan. 4, 1846. who was born in 1830. Her
father, Andrew Adams, was born in Canada, in
1802, and when 10 years of age served on the war
ship Lady Provost, and was captured with the ves-
sel during the War of 181 2. Mr. and Mrs. Holmes
have six children, and own 135 acres of land, Mr.
Holmes served as School Director several terms.

Abraham Lapham was born at Springwells.
Wayne Co, Mich., in 1830; married Ruth T.
Smith, in 1856. Her parents were Eastern people.
Abraham's parents settled in Detroit in 1828. Mr.
and Mrs. Lapham have one son, Charles E. They
own 69 acres of land.

J. C. McDonald was born at Springwells,
Wayne Co., Mich., in 1834, and settled on his pres-
ent farm of 108 acres in 1869, and. in addition to
general farming, is extensively engaged in the
manufacture of brick and tile. He married Mar-
garet A. McFarlane, of Greenfield. Eight children
were born to them. He was Township Treasurer
two years. County Superintendent of the Poor from
1 88 1-3, and Treasurer of Springwells in 1877.

George A. T. Wheeler was born at Salina,
N. Y., in 1 8 10, and settled at Springwells, on his
present. farm of 75 acres, in 1829. He married
Jane Cabacier,"of Springwells, in 1832. They had
seven children, Harvey, Joseph, Marcus, Jane, An-
son, Annie, and Franklin. Joseph was a soldier in
the 5th Mich. Infantry, and was killed at the Battle
of Seven Pines, Va,in May, 1862. Marcus died

1446

PERSONAL SKETCHES-SUMPTER.

of exhaustion after the Battle of Fredericksburg,
on Dec. 29, 1862. He was a member of Capt.
Edward's company of the 24th Mich. Mr. Wheeler
has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, School
Director, and Deputy Sheriff, and was Orderly
Sergeant of Col. Thayer's regiment.

Alfred WOodworth was born at China,
Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1800. His parents came to
Michigan in 1832, locating at West End, upon the

farm now owned by the son. Alfred married
Phoebe Jane Smith, of Greenfield, Wayne Co.,
Mich., Dec. 25, 1843. She was born at Petersburg,
N. Y., July 28, 1825. They have had nine chil-
dren. Mr. Woodworth's grandfather carried the
mail during the Revolutionary War, when 15 years
of age ; and his great grandfather fought in the
Revolutionary and old French Wars. His farm
contains 245 acres of land.

SUMPTER TOWNSHIP.

Thomas Adair was born in Antrim County,
Ireland, Oct. 28, 181 8, and came to America in
1852. After living a few years in New York City
he removed to Michigan, and settled in Sumpter on
a farm of 70 acres. He married Miss , Mary J.
McLean, of his native village. They have had ro
children, six of whom are living; William, Jane,
Mary, Anna, Maggie^ and Thomas Jr.

Charles F. Allen was born in Windom
County, Vt., June 20, 1822, came to Michigan in
1854, and purchased the farm he lives on in Sump-
ter. He married Miss Mary Wanzer, of Wash-
tenaw Co., March 28, 1863. They have four chil-
dren, Mary E., Charles M., Vilette M., and Edwin
H. Two of his children are married, and reside in
Plymouth, Mich.

Nicholas Alexander was born in Harris-
burg, Pa., March 27, 1856. He has lived in Michi-
gan since 1873. He was five years in the U. S.
Regular Army, loth regiment, in the Company
of Capt. Norvill, of Detroit. He married Elizabeth
Louis in 1882. They have one child, Addison.

William H. Anderson is a native of Michi-
gan, and was born in Rawsonville, Oct. 8, 1864,
and has always resided in Wayne County. His
father, Erastus Anderson, was one of the first set-
tlers of Michigan. William married Miss Anna
Mative, of Huron, July 9, 1883. They have one
child, Clara B. His business is threshing.

Charles A. Barrowcliff was born in Erie
Co., N. Y., Jan. 27, 1848. When 10 years old he
came to Michigan, with his father. Samuel Barrow-
cliff, who in 1 861 purchased a farm in Sumpter,
where he still resides. His wife died in 1882. He
has two brothers and two sisters, John and Joseph,
Jennie P. and Lizzie. Charles married Miss Eva
Sweet, in 1876. They have three children, John,
Flora, and Clyde.

Walter E. Beebe was born in Berkshire Co.,
Mass., ^ay 17, 1858; came to Michigan with his
father, Dennis Beebe, in 1 869, and settled in Sump-
ter. Walter and his father have been engaged in

merchantile business at West Sumpter for several
years. Walter received the appointment of Post-
master of that office in 1886.

Wilson M. Beebe was born in Berkshire Co.,
Mass., Jan. 4, 1861, and came to Michigan with his
parents in 1869. He married Miss Mary Darling,
of Sumpter, Aug. 29, 1886. For some years he
was engaged in merchantile pursuits with his father,
Darius Beebe, but is now farming.

Henry A. Biddle was born in Huron Town-
ship, Feb. 4, 1835. His father, Cornelius Biddle,
was a native of New York State, and came to
Michigan at a very early day. He died in 1880;
his wife died in 1883. Henry married Melissa
Heath, of Huron, in 1862. They have four chil-
dren, EHzabeth, Isabella, Roderick, and George.
He has lived in Sumpter since 1872.

Lee Brookins was born in Kentucky, March
17, 1853, came to Michigan in 1870, and married
Amanda Louis, of Sumpter, May 28, 1882. They
have two children, Rachel A., and James F. He is
a member of M. E. Church,

Almanson R. Chaffin was born in Lewis
Co., N. Y., Jan. 22, 1827, came to Michigan in
1868, and lived in Van Buren Township until 1873,
when he removed to Sumpter and there purchased
his farm of 40 acres. In 1849 he married Miss
Flora M. Wright, of Jefferson Co., N. Y. He has
served as Justice of the Peace, and is a member of
Wesleyan M. E. Church.

Levi Clark was born ip Ohio, in 1840, and came
to Michigan with his father, George Clark, the same
year. His father resides in Leslie, Mich. Levi mar-
ried Margaret French, of Exeter, Monroe Co. They
had one child, Alvira, who died in 1872. He mar-
ried his second wife, Isabella Humphrey, of Monroe,
Mich. He has been Drain Commissioner and
Highway Commissioner. In 1865 he enlisted in
Co. H, 24th Mich. He is a member of Perry Baker
Post, No 200, G. A. R.

Hiram J. Coykendall was born in Canton,
Wayne Co., Mich., Aug. 29, 1856. His father,

PERSONAL SKETCHES— SUMPTER.

1447

Jacob Coykendall, came to Michigan from the
State of New York, at an early day. He died in
1865; his wife is still living at an advanced age.
She resides in Nankin, Wayne Co. Hiram married
Miss Lizzie Pullen, of Van Buren Township, Dec.
25, 1878. They have three chidren, James H.»
Ettie M., and Ralph J. He is a member of Galaxy
Lodge No. 384, L O. O. F., and has resided in
Sumpter since 181 9.

John A. Croft is a native of New Jersey, be-
ing born in Monmouth Co., Aug. 5, 1819; came to
Michigan in 1 834, with his father, Job Croft, and
settled in Lenawee County. His father died in 1845,
aged 55 ; his mother died in Ohio, aged 80 years.
John married Esther M. Gorton, of Otsego Co., N.
Y., in 1843. She died in 1885. They had seven chil-
dren, six of whom are living, Albert, Hannah A.,
Clara, Mary, David, Etta, and Ella. Adelaide died
several years ago. His children are all married ex-
cept Clara. He was Postmaster for twelve years
at West Sumpter ; is engaged in the insurance busi-
ness and farming, and is a member of the Society
of Friends. He married his second wife, Mrs. Rachel
Rankin, Aug. 7. 1887.

William J. Cross was born in the County of
Norfolk, England, April 3, 1809, came -to America
in 1852, and settled in Detroit, where he lived until
1855. The next year he purchased a farm in
Sumpter, and has resided there since. In 1833 he
married Miss Rebecca Andus, of Cambridgeshire,
England. They have had 1 2 children only three
of whom are living, viz. : Rosanna, now Mrs. Hiram
Randall, Martha, now Mrs. David B. Babcock, and
Thomas a resident of Flint, Mich. Mr. Cross has
served his town for many years in different capaci-
ties.

Charles B. Curtis was born in Scioto Co.,
Ohio, Nov. 20, 1 84 1, and settled in Sumpter Town-
ship on his present farm in Nov. 1864. The same
year he married Miss Rhoda Samson, of Pike Co.,
Ohio. They have five children, Laura A., John W.,
William D., Bertha V., and Lottie A. Mr. Curtis
has filled the office of Justice of the Peace in his
town. He owns a splendid farm of 320 acres, and
is also engaged in burning charcoal.

William C. Curtis was born in Scioto Co.,
Ohio, March 4, 1847, came to Michigan and settled
on his father's farm of 120 acres, in Sumpter, in
1869. He married Miss Josephine Searl of his
native county, in 1857. They have two children,
Charles W., and Edith E. He was a member of
the National Guard of Ohio, during the late war,
was called to the front in 1864, and served in Co. F,
140th Ohio Infantry, until the surrender of Gen.
Lee. He has served four years as Drain Commis-
sioner for his town, is a member of the M. E.
Church, and a leading Republican.

Charles E. Cutler was born at Avon, Living-
ston Co., N. Y., June 27, 1831. When four years
old he came to Michigan with his father, Charles
Cutler, who settled in Van Buren, where he lived
until his death in 1858, aged 52 years, his mother
died in 1833. He married Ursula Vanderpool, of
Yates Co., N. Y., in 1850. They had nine children,
six of whom are living, Marshall, Fred, Myron,
Charles E. Jr., George and Walle. Mr. Cutler is
one of the leading Democrats of his town.

Charles Danes has resided in Wayne Co.,
since he was 12 years old. He was born in Living-
ston Co., N. Y., July 27, 1821. From 1833 to 1857,
he lived in Van Buren Township. He then pur-
chased his present homestead, and has occupied it
ever since. He married Maconda Sterling, of Van
Buren. She died Feb. 10, 1855. They had two
children, Ann and William. In 1856 he married
Julia Jewett, of Newbury, Ohio. They had three
children, viz.: Edwin C, John E., and Mary J.
Mr. Danes has filled several offices in his town with
fidelity. He is a prominent Democrat. His son
William Danes has been clerk of Sumpter Town-
ship three terms.

William S. Dickerson was born in Yates Co.,
N. Y., Aug. 13, 1850. When 12 years of age he
came to Michigan with his father, Abraham Dicker-
son, who purchased a farm and settled in Sumpter.
His father died in 1881, aged 85 ; his mother died in
1879, aged 68. He married Miss Erminie E. Crys-
ler, of Sumpter, ' Feb. 11, 1872. They have seven
children, Laura J., Augustus H., Raziila C, George
A., Urilla M., John M„ and Elva E.

Albert C. Dubois was born near Albany, N.
Y., Sept. 2, 1 816. When a child, his parents moved
to Steuben Co., N. Y., then to Livingston Co.,
where he lived until 1854, when he came to Michi-
gan and purchased the farm of 60 acres in Sump-
ter, and has resided there since. His first wife was
Miss Sarah Palmer, whom he married in i860. She
died July 28, 1887. They had one son, Charles A.
He married his second wife, Sarah C. Ackley, of
Eaton Co., Mich., Sept. 5, 1881. He has served
his town many years in the various offices to be
filled, and is a member of Myrtle Lodge, No. 89,
F. & A. M., of Belleville.

George Dunbar was born in Washtenaw Co.,
Mich , Feb. 2, 1840. His father, Shadrack Dunbar,
was from New York State, and was an early settler
in Michigan. George married Betsy Tollen, in 1 862.
The same year he enlisted in Co. C, 17th Michigan,
and served until he lost his voice, when he was hon-
orably discharged. They have one child.

Benjamin Elwell was born in Maine, Feb. 20,
1 809. He located his lands and moved his family
in 1834, to the farm he now occupies. In 1833 he
married Eliza Hosner, of Maine. They have had

1448

PERSONAL SKETCHES— SUMPTER.

eight children, all of whom are living, except one,
Jeannette, Benjamin Jr., Henriette, Mary R., Betsey.
Charles L., and Clarissa. Frank died in 1874, aged
38 years.

MiLO Elwell is a native of Sumpter, being
born in that town Feb. 3, 1855. ^is father is Ben-
jamin Elwell, one of the pioneers of Michigan. He
with his wife still reside in Sumpter. Milo married
Miss^Mary A., daughter of John Wortley, May 18,
1884.

David Farr was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y,,
in 1822 ; came to Michigan in 1848, and lived here
until 1855, then returned to New York State. At
the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted and
served three years in the loth New York Heavy
Artillery, and was discharged June 23, 1865. He is
a member of the Joe E. Davis Post, No. 375,
G. A. R., of Belleville. He married his third wife,
Sarah H. Foot, Oct. 19, 1886. He has three chil-
dren, Albert, Adelbert, and Hubert. He has lived
in Sumpter since 1 867, on his farm of 86 acres.

Edward Garlick was born in England, Feb.
II, 1847, and came to America with his parents in
1855. His father, John Garlick, located in Cleve-
land, O., and then removed to Wayne Co., Mich., in
i860. He died in 1880, aged 64, his wife died in
1884, aged 64. Edward married Miss Matilda E.
Samson, of Sumpter, in 1872. They have seven
children. Thomas J., Robert E., Jessie S., Salem
C. David E., and Minte V.

RiALTO GiFFORD was born in Bergen, Genesee
Co., N. Y., Oct. 9th, 1829, moved to Norwalk, O.,
in 1866, and two years later came to Michigan and
and purchased a farm in Sumpter. He married
Miss Louisa M. Flinn, of Springport, Cayuga Co.,
N. Y., in 1854. They have four children, Ella G ,
Horace E., Carrie L., and George R. Ella G. mar-
ried John Charlesworth, of Sumpter. Horace E. re-
sides in Antrim Co., Mich., and Carrie L. married
Andrew Whipple, of Sumpter. Mr. Gifford has
been Highway Commissioner, and is a leading
Democrat of his town.

Lawrence W. Hayden was born in Albany,
N. Y., Sept. 12, 1822, came to Michigan in 1855^
and purchased a farm of 40 acres in Sumpter. Pre-
vious to coming West he worked at boiler making.
He married Miss Julia F. Pratt, of Madison Co.,
N. Y., in 1847. They had six children, four of
whom are living. Frank, Charles, Libby and
Henry. Mrs. Hayden died Sept. 26, 1866.

Howard B. Haynor was born in Yates, Or-
leans Co., N. Y., in 1846, and came to Michigan,
with his parents, in 1859. His father, Alexander J.
Haynor, died in 1883, aged 71 ; his mother died in
1882, aged 65. He married Frances Bennett, of
Sumpter, March 6, 1869. They have two children,
Ada L. and Dora K. Mr. H. enlisted in the ist

Michigan Cavalry, and served until he was dis-
charged, in March, 1866. He was in the battle of
the Wilderness, and many others.

George W. Heath was born in Cayuga Co.,
N. Y., May 27, 1828, and came to Michigan in 1852.
Eight years afterward he settled in Sumpter, and
has lived there since. In 1850 he married Maria S.
Litchfield, of Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. They had
eight children, only one of whom is living. Franklin
Heath, their son, resides in Sumpter. Mr. H. has
filled many township offices.

Nathan Heath was born in Cattaraugus Co.,
N. Y., Feb. 6, 1849, came to Michigan in 1857, and
settled in Livonia, In 1867 he removed to Sump-
ter, and has resided there since. His father, William
Heath, was a native of New York State. He died
in 1870; his wife died in 1884, advanced in years.
Nathan married Mary Disbrow, of Sumpter, in
1870. They have five children, Bert, Maud, Arthur,
Cora, and Bessie. For several years Mr. Heath was
engaged in mercantile business, and is now engaged
in farming. His family are members of the M. E.
Church.

William Heath was born in Cattaraugus Co.,
N. Y., June 10, 1838, came to Michigan in 1858, and
finally settled in Sumpter, on bis farm of 32 acres,
in 1867. He married Melinda A Guest, of Cayuga
Co., N. Y., Dec. 29, i860. They have had five
children, three of whom are living, viz., Sarah J ,
Emma E., and Mary A. Sarah J. married Buell
Hawker, of Willis, Mich. Mr. Heath is a staunch
Republican..

Sylvester Henrys was born in Detroit, Jan.
13, 1850. Abner Henrys, his father, was a native
of New York State. He came to Michigan at an
early day. He died in 1882. His wife resides in
Elk Rapids. Sylvester married Clarissa Elwell,
daughter of Benjamin Elwell, June 3, 1873. They
have two children, Benjamin, aged 13, and Delphia,
aged two. He has lived in Sumpter since 1865.

George Horn was born in Norfolk, England,
Nov. 9, 1846, came to America and settled in
Michigan in 1861. He enlisted in 1862, and served
three years in Co. C, 24th Michigan. He was in
the battles of Gettysburgh, Richmond, etc. He mar-
ried Mary Gotts, of his native town in England, Dec.
3, 1865. They have five children, John H., Susan
E., Hattie M., George W., and Thomas J. He has
resided in Sumpter Township since 1 880, on his farm
of 30 acres. He is a member of Joe Davis Post,
No. 376, G. A. R., of Belleville.

Albert J. R. Hurd was born in Ontario Co.,
N. Y., July II, 1846. When he was eight years
old he came to Michigan with his father, Reuben B.
Hurd, who settled in Huron, where he lived until
1868, when he removed to Sumpter. In 1870 he
married Eveline Bridger, daughter of William

PERSONAL SKETCHES— SUMPTER.

1449

Bridger, of Sumpter, one of the early settlers of
Wayne Co. They have eight children, Myrtle E.,
Sarah L., Reuben D., Eliza C, Charles W., Eva L.,
Robert G., and James F.

Reuben B. Hurd was born in Gorham, On-
tario Co., N. Y., Feb. 12, 18 16, came to Michigan in
the fall of 1854, and settled in Wayne Co. After
living in Huron and Canton, he removed to Sump-
ter, and purchased the farm on which he lives, in
1872. He married Eliza Jane Colburn, of Can-
andaigua, N. Y., March 6, 1840. They had six
children, four of whom are living, Albert J. R.,
Mary E., Alfred R., Allen D. Lydia A. and Martha
J. died after reaching womanhood. Mr. and Mrs.
Hurd brought up their grandaughter. Eliza A.
Elwell.

Richard Jennings was born in Raisinville,
Monroe Co., Mich., Sept. 14, i860. He married
Belle Cole, of Raisinville, Monroe Co., in 1880.
They have three children, George, Mary and Jennie.
Mr. Jennings has held several township offices

Robert Kemp was born in Scotland, January
29, 1 81 7. He emigrated to the United States in
1852, accompanied by his wife and children. He
married Miss Elizabeth Black. They have six chil-
dren, Mary A., James, Andrew, Robert, Belle and
Eda. Mr. Kemp settled on the farm of 160 acres
on which he has since lived.

Samuel Kingon was born in the County Down,
Ireland, and came to America in 1851. He re-
mained in New York City until 1864, when he re-
moved to Michigan. In 1855 he married Grace
Menuse, of New York. They had two children.
She died in 1862. He married his second wife,
Elizabeth Gorman, of Detroit, in 1876. They had
five children, Robert, Sarah, Albert and Alfred
(twins), and Samuel.

Herman Konre was born in Germany, April
27, 1840, came, to America several years ago, and
located in Sumpter on 40 acres of land that he pur-
chased in 1884. He married Miss Christiana
French, of his native town in Germany. They have
two children, William and Herman. His family
are members of the Christian Church.

Toussaint Laduke was born in Detroit, June
26, 1 840. His father settled in Detroit at a very
early day. He was a native of Montreal, and died
in August, 1882; his wife died in April. 1878.
Toussaint Laduke married Miss Diana Lookey, of
Germany, in Sept., 1879. They have one child,
Theodore. Mr. Laduke has always been engaged
in farming, is a member of the Catholic Church, and
votes the Democratic ticket.

Charles Lietz was born in Prussia, May 5,
1835, came to America in 1861, and settled in
Huron township, Wayne Co. In May, 1864, he
married Miss Elizabeth Niemann. They have

seven children, Theodore, Bertha, Caroline, Charles,
Edward, Henry and Louis.

Robert B. Louis was born in Litchfield Co.,
Conn., Oct. 24, 18 19. After living in New York
and Canada, he came to Michigan in 1848. He
was in the British Army, and served in the late
war. He married Jane R. Key, of New York, in
1846. They have ten children, Lorenzo, William,
John, Emma, Perry, Orlando, Elizabeth, Julianna,
Amanda and Eleanor.

August Manke was born in Germany, Feb.
14, 1822, and came to America in 1852. After liv-
ing in Detroit and Port Huron, he enlisted in 1861,
and served four years in Co. K, 2d Mich. Cavalry.
He was Sergeant of his company, and was honor-
ably discharged at Macon, Ga., in 1865. He is a
member of G. A. R., Post No. 200, of Carlton.
Mr. Manke has eight children, Charles, Louisa.
Henry, August, Jr., Christian, Oscar, Adam and
Eva, and has lived in Sumpter since 1868.

James MANZERwas born in Calhoun Co., Mich.,
Feb. 23, 1844, and has continued to reside here ex-
cept when he was in the War of the Rebellion.
He enlisted in 1864 in Co. I, 12th Mich. Infantry,
and served until the close of the war. He is a
member of Wallace Post, No, 95, G. A. R. July
14, 1873, he married Miss Eva Lawrence, of Au-
gusta, Mich.

John V. H. Manzer was born in Calhoun Co.,
Mich., Jan. 18, 185 1. In 1858 he removed to Wayne
County, and located in Sumpter, and has resided
there since then. He married Miss Nettie Going,
of Livingston Co., Mich., Aug. 8, 1884. They have
two children, Sammy and Ruth. He is a farmer,
and votes the Democratic ticket.

Thomas J. Manzer was born in Monroe Co.,
New York, in 1836, and came to Michigan with his
parents. Henry Manzer, his father, settled in this
State in 1841, and died in Sumpter in 1883, aged
S6. Thomas married Lydia Head, of Rhode Is-
land, in 1852. His second wife was Sarah M. Quack-
enbush of New York, he has one son. He served
in Co .B, 14th Mich. Infantry.

Alexander H. Marvin was born in Brock-
port, N. Y., April 15, 1842, came to Michigan in
1862, and settled in Sumpter. He married Miss
Theresa Briyer, of Lyons, N. Y., in 1863. They
have ten children, viz.; Mary J., Maria E., Daniel
W., Henrietta A., Lillian A., John H., Ernest R.,
Edward A., Cora L. and Floyd, another son.
George R. died some years since. Mr. Marvin is
engaged in farming.

Russell Merrell was born in Cattaraugus Co.,
N. Y., Nov. 27, 1833, and came to Michigan, with
his parents, in 1837. His father, Alfred Merrell^
was one of the first to settle in the town of Huron.
He was well known throughout the State, and died

H50

PERSONAL SKETCHES-SUMPTER.

in 1859, aged 53. His wife died in 1841. Rus-
sell married Hannah Jewel, of Monroe Co., Mich., in
1859. They have eight children, George A., Clark,
Ezra, Mary, William L., Ida V., Hannah and Wal-
ter G. His brother, John Merrell, died in 1880. He
has one sister, Mrs. Mary Pate, who resides at
Corunna, and another, Mrs. J. D. Emmons, who
lives at St. Johns.

William Merritt was born in Litchfield Co.,
Conn., Dec. 11, 181 3, a county noted as being the
birthplace of the late Henry Ward Beecher, Horace
Greeley, and other noted men of the past genera-
tion. When quite young he moved to Geneva, N.
Y., then to Wayne Co., in the same state ; and in
1858 he came to Michigan and settled in Sumpter.
He married Miss Lavina Bump, of Litchfield, Conn.
They have had nine children, eight of whom are
living : William, Philander, Isabella, Mary A.,
Charles, Edson, Alice, Ellsworth and James. Lydia
died some years ago. Mr. Merritt is a member of
the Free Methodist Church.

John Miller was born in Chester Co., Pa., in
1842, came to Michigan in 1858, and has lived here
since. In 1883 he purchased his farm of 120 acres,
in Sumpter. He married Mrs. Ruth Chester, of
Pennsylvania, in 1863. They have seven children,
Joseph, Martin, William, Alta. John, Mary and
Blanche.

John A. Miller was born in the town of
Orange, Schuyler Co., N. Y., Dec. 20, 1839. He
removed to Michigan, with his parents, in the fall
of 1861. His father, John D. Miller, died Jan. 4,
1887, aged 84. His mother resides in Rawsonville,
Wayne Co. He married Mandance Lampkins, of
Augusta, Mich., May 24, 1869. They have three
children, Alta A., Leroy A., and Cora A. He has
lived in Sumpter since 1861, and is a member of
Myrtle Lodge, F. & A. M., of Belleville.

Robert Miller was born in Delaware, Sept.
27, 1822, came to Michigan in 1864, and settled in
Sumpter. He married Mary Jones, of New Jersey.
They had 12 children, nine of whom survive, viz.,
Maria, Elizabeth, Sarah, Josiah, Mary, Virginia,
Philander, Rebecca and Oliver. His wife died Aug.
16, 1880.

Richard R. Moore was born near Toronto,
Canada, in 1832. When four years old he came
with his parents to Michigan, and settled in Wayne
Co. Edward Moore, his father, died in 1848. His
mother died in 1863. He married Anna Bidell, of
Sumpter, Jan. i, 1864. They have two children,
Isabelle and John. He located in Sumpter, in 1866,
on his farm of 55 acres, and has lived there since.

Henry Niemann was born in Springwells,
Wayne Co., Feb. 5, 1856. His father. Henry Nie-
mann, a native of Germany, was born in 1 819. came
to America in 1852, and settled in Wayne Co. His

father and mother reside in Huron. Henry married
Caroline Horll, of Monroe Co., Mich. They have
two children, Minnie and Charles. He is engaged
in farming in Huron township.

Theodore Niemann was born in Springwells,
Wayne Co., Jan. 11, 1858. His father. Henry Nie-
mann, a native of Germany, was born. in 1 819, came
to America in 1852, and settled in Wayne Co.
Theodore married Julia Horll, of Monroe Co., Mich.
They have three children, Theodore. Jr., Eda, and
George. He is engaged in burning charcoal and
farming.

Peter Otter was born in Germany, Sept. 11,
1843, came to America and settled in Sandusky,
Ohio, in 1862. In 1864 he enlisted, and served to
the close of the war in Co. D, 19th Ohio, and re-
ceived his discharge June 8, 1865, at Columbus,
Ohio. He is a member of Joe Davis Post, No. 376,
G. A. R., of Belleville. In 1870 he married Isabella
Osumes, of Sandusky, Ohio. They have had six
children, four of whom are living, Katie, Lena,
Martha, and John H. He has lived in Sumpter
Township since 1882, on his farm of 113 acres.

Henry Otto was born in Germany, Aug. 24,
1828, came to America in 1853, and settled in Michi-
gan in 1868. He purchased a farm of 60 acres, in
Sumpter, and still resides there. He married Rosa
Lombard, in 1856. They have ten children, nine
of whom are living, viz., Emma, William, Mary,
Albert, Henry, Rosa, Carrie, Edward, and Augusta.
He is a prominent member of the Free Metho-
dist Church, and a leading Prohibitionist of his
town.

Levi J. Parr, a native of Pennsylvania, was
born in 1819. When young he went to New^ Jersey
with his parents. In 1869 he came to Michigan,
and settled in Sumpter Township. His first wife
was Margaret Dats, of New Jersey. She died in
1853. He married his second wife, Levina Hoff-
man, of New Jersey, in 1855.

John Perkins was born in Kent Co., Dela-
ware, March 23, 1839, and came to Michigan with
his parents and settled in the town of Canton,
Wayne Co. His father still resides there. George
removed to Sumpter in 1873, and purchased the
farm of 40 acres he now lives on. Oct. 9, 1862, he
married Miss Anna M. Miller, daughter of Robert
Miller, of Sumpter. They had eight children, seven
of whom are living, viz , Clara, Ida, Sarah J., Ag-
nes, Sally, Annie M., and Etta M. Clara married
Augustus Schultz, of New Boston.

William Pickrem was born in Delaware, in
1835, came to Michigan in 1857, and has lived in
Sumpter since 1863. He married Mary A. Miller,
of Delaware, in 1853. They have had 11 children,
only four of whom are living, Mary A.. John,
Albert and Frank. His family are members of

PERSONAL SKETCHES— SUMPTER.

1451

the Wesleyan Church. His wife died Oct. 24,
1885. His farm consists of 40 acres.

Martin Plumb is a son 'of Havillah Plumb,
who settled in Wayne Co., at a very early day.
He was born Jan. i, 1798, and died Dec. 10, 1873.
He secured his lands when Michigan was a ter-
ritory; his patent is dated March 16, 1837, and is
signed by Martin Van Buren, as President of the
United States. Martin still retains the original
patent. His mother died Sept 3, 1876, aged 65..
Martin married Miss Louisa Cross, Oct. 8, 1870,
She died in Jan. 1872. His second wife was
Mrs. A. E. Elwell, of Sumpter. They were married
Nov. 18, 1874. They have one son, Havillah M.

George W. Prince was born in Oswego Co.,
N. Y., Sept. 22, 1848, and came to Michigan
with his parents in 1852. His father, Thomas
Prince, still resides in Van Buren, Wayne Co.
George purchased his farm of 40 acres in Sump-
ter, in 1874. He married Miss Harriet A. Mar-
shall, of Sumpter, in 1868. They have two chil-
dren, Lewis and Alfred J. He is a member of
the M. E. Church.

Stephen Randall was born in Vermont, Dec.
30, 1827. When 14 years old, he went to Niagara
Co., N. Y., with his father, David Randall. In
1854 Stephen came to Michigan, and located on
his farm of 200 acres in Sumpter. His father
died in 1884, aged 70; his mother died in 1887,
aged 80. Stephen married Miss Helen Martin,
of Sumpter, in 1853. They have three children,
Ella, Jeannette and Edith. Mr. R. for many years
was a merchant, and Postmaster of Martinsville,
up to 1886.

John Renton was born in Innerwick, wScot-
land. Sept. 20, 1842, and came to America with his
parents in 1851. His father, Andrew Renton, died
in 1878, aged 81, his mother died in 1855, aged 52.
He married Mrs. Margaret M. J. Kemp, of New
York City, in 1865, They have five children,
Mary, Charles, James F., Margaret and Joanna. Mr.
R. has served as Deputy Sheriff, under Sheriffs
Coots, Clippert, and Littlefield, and has filled sev-
eral township offices. In Aug., 1862, he enlisted
in Co. D, 24th Mich. Infantry ; was wounded at
Gettysburg, and then was sent to David's Island,
St. Mary Hospital, New York City, and acted as
orderly in General Hayes' office until he was dis-
charged at David's Island in 1865. He is a mem-
ber of Joe E. Davis Post, No. 376, G. A. R., of
Belleville ; has been Junior Commander of the
Post, and Officer of the Day.

Morris V. Richards was born in Monroe
Co., Mich., Oct. 25, 1863. His father, W. V. Rich-
ards, was a native of Vermont, came to Michigan
in 1826, and settled in Wayne Co. For many
years he resided in Huron. He died Oct. 2, 1882.

His wife, Lucretia Richards, still lives on the farm
in Huron, Morris has one brother and one sister,
Wesley C, and Julia E., who married George R.
Gifford, of Sumpter. Morris is a member of the
M. E. Church. In politics he is a Prohibitionist.
Asa Rounsifer was born in Warren Co., New
Jersey, June 19, 18 17, came to Michigan in 1867,
and settled in Livingston Co., where he resided un-
til 1878, when he removed to Sumpter, purchased
his farm, and erected a large saw mill. He mar-
ried Miss Hulda Dats, of New Jersey, in 1841.
They have five children, Mary, James, Aaron,
Sarah, and George. He has held many offices in
his town, and has been Drain Commissioner and
Justice of the Peace, and is a Democrat of the old
school.

George M. Rounsifer was born in New
Jersey, Sept. 15, 1861, came to Michigan with his
father, Asa Rounsifer, who for many years has
been one of the leading citizens of Sumpter, and
has been Justice of the Peace for several years.
George married Miss Ella Whitcomb, of Sumpter.
She died Feb, 13, 1886. He is engaged in manu-
facturing charcoal, has two large kilns and is also
engaged in farming.

Robert Shafer was born in Canada, Oct. 8,
185 i,came to Michigan in 1875 and settled in Sumpter
in 1880. August 20, 1884, he married Mrs. J. S. Day,
widow of the late George Day, who died in March,
1882. They have six children, Levi, Samuel. Al-
bert, Emma, Lizzie, and Oliver. He is a member
of the Free Methodist Church.

Francis Smith was born in Ontario Co., N,
Y., March 3, 1848, came to Michigan with his par-
ents in 1853, and settled in Sumpter. His father,
John R. Smith, died in 1883, aged yy; his mother
still lives in Sumpter. Francis married Miss Eliza-
beth Miller, of Sumpter, in 1869. They have six
children, Marlow, Cora. Lee, Mary, James and
Florence M. Calvin and Morris Smith, his broth-
ers, served in the late war. They reside in Ohio.
Manzer C. Squire was born in St. Lawrence
Co., N. Y., May 12, 1831, came to Michigan in
1868. and has lived in Sumpter since. His father,
Lodwick Squire, was a native of Vermont, and set-
tled in Michigan in 1853. He was a Wesleyan
minister, and preached for 35 years. He died in
Feb., 1 88 1, aged 76 ; his wife died in Feb., 1883,
aged 72. Manzer married Clarissa Jenkins, of Ver-
mont, March 3 r, 1855. They have two sons, Walter
F., and Edgar L. Mr. S has been Town Clerk. In
politics he is a Republican.

John T. Thompson was born at Ypsilanti,
Sept. 10, 1856. His father, William Thompson, is
a native of England, came to America in 1848, and
settled in Washtenaw Co., where he still resides ;
his mother died in 1873. He married Miss Eva

1452

PERSONAL SKETCHES— SUMPTER.

Freeman, of Sumpter, Feb. 14, 1880. They have
four children, Ora, Lee, Elva and Lottie. He is a
farmer.

JosiAH Thurston was born in Oneida Co., N.
Y., Dec. 9, 181 8, came to Michigan with his father,
John Thurston, and located in Sumpter in 1845.
His father died in Feb. 1 874, aged 70 ; his mother
died in 1868. Josiah married Miss Cordelia Parker,
of Oswego Co., N. Y., in March, 1845. Not having
any children of their own, they adopted one, who
married Howard Haynor, of Sumpter. Mr. Thurs-
ton has filled many offices in his township, and is a
member of the M. E. Church.

ROMEYN Van Wormer was born in Mont-
gomery Co., N. Y., January 31, 1828, came to
Michigan in 1855, and settled in Canton, Wayne
Co. In 1862 he removed to Sumpter, and pur-
chased his farm of 100 acres. He married Miss
Susan Dickerson, of Gates Co.. N. Y., January 15,
1853. They have six children, Antoniette, Albert,
Augustus, Frank, Wallace and Ettie. Mr. Van
Wormer has been Township Clerk, Treasurer,
Drain and Highway Commissioner. His sons have
farms of 20 and 40 acres each. He is a member of
Myrtle Lodge, No. 89, F. & A. M., of Belleville.

Daniel C. Voorheis was born in Van Buren,
Wayne Co., Mich., Aug. 18, 1839. His father,
Joseph Voorheis, was one of the very early settlers
of Michigan; his death occurred Sept. 16, 1881,
aged 71 years ; his mother died May 2, 1838, aged
23 years. Daniel married Mrs. Louisa Hauer, of
New York State, March 24, 1866. They have four
children, John D., Elmer W., Lura L., and Wilbur
J. Mr. Voorheis enlisted in August, 1862, and
served three years in the 5th Michigan Cavalry.
He received an honorable discharge July 3, 1865.
His regiment was in 63 battles, and he was in 59
of them. He was with his regiment at the battle
of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Gettysburgh and
Petersburgh. He is a member of Davis Post, G.
A. R., of Belleville. In politics is a Republican,
and has filled many township offices.

John Wallace is a native of New York City,
where he was born May 10, 1852. When three
years old he came to Michigan with his parents.
His father, Thomas Wallace, settled in Sumpter in
1857, on the farm on which he still resides. He
married Jessie F. Clay, of Dearborn, Wayne Co.,
March 11, 1886. They have one child, Florence.
He is a member of the M. E. Church. In politics
he is a staunch Republican.

John H. Waltz was born in the Mohawk
Valley, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1831, came to Michigan in
1842, and settled in Sumpter, 1878. Dec. 31, 1866,
he married Zylpha Z. Squire, daughter of the late

Rev. Lodwick Squire. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. B,
3d Mich. Cavalry, and served until the close of the
Rebellion. He is a member of Wallace Post, No.
95, G. A. R.

Theodore Warren was born in Cortland,
Westchester Co., N. Y., in 1833, came to Wayne
Co., Mich., in 1868, and settled on the farm he now
owns in Sumpter Township. He married Rachel
A. Gilman, of Rockland Co., N. Y. For many
years he carried on the blacksmith business in the
East before coming to Michigan. His farm con-
sists of 133 acres, all of which is under a high state
of cultivation.

George Wilcox, was born in Huron Town-
ship, Wayne Co., Mich., in 184 1. At the breaking
out of the Rebellion he was one of the first to enlist
and sustain the Union. He served four years and
eight months in the ist Michigan Cavalry, and was
in many battles that his regiment participated in,
among the prominent ones being Second Bull Run,
Cedar Creek, Winchester, and the Wilderness.
He was at Appottomax when Gen. Lee surrendered,
and was discharged at Salt Lake City, March 10,
1865. In March, 1887, he married Mary Martin.
They have two children, Anna E. and Persis A.

John W. Wortley, of Sumpter Township,
was born in Matthold, Norfolk, Eng., Aug. 11, 1838.
He came to America with his parents, Richard
and Ann (Gordon) Wortley, in 1852. They located
in Caledonia, N. Y. They moved to Rawson-
ville, Mich., in 1853. Since he was 13 years of age
John W. has cared for himself, and what ever he
may possess is the result of his own industry.
Aug. 21, 1 86 1, he married Fidelia D. Torrey, of
Augusta, Washtenaw Co., Mich. Fidelia (Torrey)
Wortley was born in Augusta. July 21. 1842. Her
parents, Samuel and Paulina (Geer) Torrey, were
Eastern people, and came to Michigan in 1838.
John W. Wortley and family came to Wayne Co. in
1865. They have two children, Frances P., born
April 29, 1863, and Mary A., born May 21, 1865.
They attend the Free Church of Sumpter. Their
farm contains 40 acres.

Richard Wortley. one of the oldest residents
of Wayne Co , was born in the County of Norfolk,
, England, Oct. 11. 1811, came to America in 1852,
and lived at Caledonia, Livingston Co., N. Y., for
one year; he then moved to Wayne Co, Mich.,
and purchased his present homestead in i860. He
has three sons, viz.: John, Thomas, and William
G. He is a member of the M. E. Church ; has
filled many township offices, and in politics he al-
ways votes for the best man, irrespective of party.
His farm consists of 83 acres, his dwelling is a very
substantial one.

PERSONAL SKETCHES-TAYLOR.

H53

TAYLOR.

Chauncy Akaus was born in Wayne Co., N.
Y., in 1836, came to Michigan with his father,
Hiram Akaus, in 1844, who settled in Dearborn,
and soon afterwards purchased a farm in Taylor.
His father died in 1878, aged 60; his mother died
in 1883, aged 60.

Hiram W. Akaus was born in Taylor, Feb. 24,
1852, and has always resided there. His father,
Hiram Akaus, came to Michigan from Wayne Co.,
N. Y., in 1844. Hiram W., married Miss Delia
Butler, of Nankin, Jan i, 1882. They have one
child, Alta. He has been Drain Commissioner, and
is a School Director, and one of the leading Demo-
crats of his town.

Frederick Baade was born in Prussia, May i,
1 83 1, came to America in 1872, and settled in
Wayne County. In 1S80 he purchased his farm in
Taylor. In 1859 he married Miss Minnie Lawrence,
They have nine children, Minnie, Mary, Annie,
Augusta, Bertie, Rachel, Matilda, John, and Em-
ma, living. He is a member of the German Luth-
eran Church.

GOTTFRED Baker was born in Germany,
.March 19, 1843, came to America in May, 1869.
He married Minnie Belter of his native village in
1869. They have nine children, Lena, Charles
Martha, Fred, Minnie, Hulda, Emma, Mamie, and
William. Lena married Fred Koths of Taylor
Mr. Baker is a member of the German Lutheran
Church.

Rev. Gustav Bastiare was born in Prussia,
May 19, 1851, came to America in 1875, and settled
in Canada, where he was ordained as a minister of
the German Lutheran Church, Oct. 19, 1875. He
married Miss Mary Hallem, Sept. 10, 1879. They
have three children, Clara M. V., Adolph W., and
Gustav F. M. In Dec. 1887, he was appointed
pastor of the German Lutheran Church, of Taylor.

George W. Beadelston was born in Monroe
Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 1825, came to Michigan in 1853^
and settled in Wayne Co. After living in Jackson
and Macomb Counties, he returned to Wayne and
purchased a farm in Taylor, in 1872. He married
Miss Rhoda Loppens, of Monroe Co., N. Y. They
had one child that died in infancy.

John Boltz was born in Germany, Oct. 15,
1 8 10, and came to America in 1840. After living
in Detroit four years he purchased a farm in Taylor
and has since resided there. His wife died in 1882.
He has seven children. Peter, John, Joseph, George,
Margaret, Mary and Dena.

Charles Bull was born in Germany, Dec. 25,

1 84 1, and came to America with his parents in
1855. His father, William Bull is a resident of
Dearborn. Charles married Nov. 5, 1866, and has
eight children, Kizia, Liddie, Albert, Louisa,
Amelia, Charles, Annie and Emma. He is a mem-
ber of the Evangelical Church.

Selden p. Gary was born in Williamstown,
Mass., Oct. 2, 1 8 19, came to Michigan in 1853, and
settled in Wayne Co. He married Lucretia Jessup,
of New York, in 1837. They have three children.
Truman H., is a Baptist minister; Frances married
William Smith, of Otisville, and Reuben is a resi-
dent of Ypsilanti.

John Crowley was born in Taylor Township,
May 12, 1856. His father, Cornelius Crowley, came
from Ireland to the United States in 1844. For a
time he lived in Massachusetts, then removed to
Wayne Co.. and purchased a farm in Taylor, where
he died December 4, 1882, aged 58. His
widow resides on the homestead. They have seven
children, Ellen, Julia, Mary, Cornelius, John
Michael and Jeremiah. Daniel died Dec. 10, 1884,
aged 17. John has served as Town Clerk three
terms. He married Miss Ellen Galloway, of Taylor,
Sept. 23. 1886. They have one child, Edward C.
John is a leading Democrat of his town, and is a
member of the Catholic Church.

William Culver, a native of Germany, was
born April 25, 1844, and came to America in
1872. He married Augusta Fischer, of his native
town, in 1872. They have six children, Augusta,
August, Fred, Annie, Minnie and Ida. He has lived
in Taylor sfnce 1879, ^^^ ^^ ^ member of the Ger-
man Lutheran Church.

William Dodds was born in Ecorce, Wayne
Co., Jan. 12, 1864; has lived in Taylor since 1885,
and is engaged in wagonmaking and blacksmithing.
He married Tillie Zeller, of Wyandotte. They have
one child, Robert. Mr. Dodds is a member of the
Catholic Church.

Albert Flaishaus was born in Bohemia, in
1830, came to America in 1865, and has lived in
Taylor since 1 869. He married Elizabeth Strunc,
of his native village, in i860. They have six chil-
dren, Albert, Joseph, Frank, Edward and Peter
(twins), and Anthony. He is a member of the
Catholic Church.

Henry Fritz was born in Germany, Nov. 10,
1025, came to America in 1851, and settled in the
State of New York until 1862, when he enlisted in
Co. A, 169th Regiment, and served until the close
of the war. He was with his regiment in all the

H54

PERSONAL SKETCHES— TAYLOR.

prominent battles it took part in, and was twice
wounded. He is a member of Cory Post, No. 261,
G. A. R. Tn 1 85 1 he married Annie Schultz.
They have nine children, Annie, Frank, Mary,
Rachel, Lizzie, Lydia, Emma, John and Charles.
Mr. Fritz has been Town Treasurer three terms,
Highway Commissioner for seven years, and is a
merchant and farmer.

William Galloway was born in Lanarkshire,
Scotland, in 1825, came to America in 1862, and
settled in Detroit, where he lived until 1878, when
he removed to Taylor. He married Margaret
Dempser. They have four children, William, Ellen,
Elizabeth and John.

George Gordenier is a son of the late Peter
Gordenier, of Taylor, who came to Michigan from
New York in 1840, and located in that town. He
died in 1877. Mary Gordenier, his wife, still resides
on the farm with her children, Jennie, Irene, William
and Eugene. George was born Dec. 28, 1863. He
carries on the farm.

Charles Heuzel was born in Germany, July
27, 1827, came to America in 1857, and settled in
Springwells. In i860 he removed to Taylor. He
married Lena Hepner. She died Feb 2, 1885.
They had four children, Charles, Annie, Mary and
Augusta. Augusta married John Fox, of Detroit ;
Mary married Eli Abler; Annie married William
Stridford. Mr. Heuzel married for his second wife
Mrs. Sophia Ellsner, of Springwells.

Fred Joekovske was born in Germany, in
1846, came to America in 1880; is married, and has
three children, Fred, Minnie and William. He is a
member of the German Lutheran Church.

August Koths was born in Germany, Aug. 23,
1853, and came to America, with his parents, in

1865. They settled in Taylor. He married Annie
Wilkie, of Taylor, in 1883. They have one child,
Freddie. He is a builder, and has constructed many
buildings in Taylor and adjacent towns : he also
built the German Lutheran Church at Taylor Centre.

Charles Kreger was born in Prussia, Nov. 25,
1833, came to America in 1866, and settled in De-
troit. In 1868 he purchased a farm in Taylor. He
married Anna Prsouka, in 1865. They have three
children, Charles, Lizzie and Minnie. He is a
member of the German Lutheran Church.

William Kueart was born in Germany, Oct.
22, 1832, came to America in 1836, and settled in
Wayne Co. He married Minnie Trieb, in 1856.
She was born in Germany, in Sept., 1 833, and died
in 1866. Their children are August and Millie.
He married his second wife, Henrietta Trader, in

1866, She was born in Germany in 1837. Their
children are Herman, John, Caroline and Ludwig.

John Kuehl, Jr., is a son of John Kuehl, Sr.,
who is a native of Germany, where he was born

Nov. 4, 1826. He came to America in 1854, and
settled in Wyandotte, where he lived until 1857,
when he removed to Taylor. In 1864 he enlisted
in Battery K, ist Mich. Light Artillery, and was
discharged at the close of the war. He is a mem-
ber of the Cory Post, No. 261, G. A. R. He mar-
ried a lady in Germany, in 1854, They have one
child, John, Jr. John, Jr., married Lena Wimer,
of Romulus, in 1884. They have two children,
Mary and Peter. He is a member of the German
Lutheran Church.

William Kuehl was born in Germany, April
29, 1837 ; came to America in 1869, and settled in
Wayne Co. He married Annie Tabbert, in 1864.
She was born in Germany, Jan. 25, 1840. Their
children are Frank and Minnie. Business farm-
ing.

John Kuope was born in Germany, Oct. 2, 1852,
came to America in 1865, and settled in Taylor.
His father, Frederick Kuope, also resides in Taylor.
John married Miss Mary Brost, in 1878. He is a
member of the German Lutheran Church.

J. C. Lange was born in Germany, Dec. 15,
1828, came to America in July, 1863, settled in
Springwells, and removed from there to Taylor, in
1870. He married Miss Elizabeth Mathune, of his
native town, in 1858. They have eight children
Mary, John, Henry, Charles, Louisa, Emma, Min-
nie and Ida. He is a member of the German Luth-
eran Church.

James McMullen was born in Taylor, April
II, 1863. His father, Henry McMullen, is a native
of County Antrim, Ireland. He came to America
in 1850, and located in Detroit, where he lived un-
til 1858, when he purchased a farm in Taylor, and
removed there. James has four brothers, viz.;
William, David, Henry and John and one sister,
Mary J.

John McPherson was born in Union Co., Pa.,
Nov. 7, 1824, came to Michigan in 1845, and set-
tled in Wayne Co. He married Miss Sylvia Stew-
ard, of Taylor, in 1855. They have six children,
Chester, Stanley, Edgar, Viola, Elton and Archie.
He has been Justice of the Peace and Town Treas-
urer.

Augustus Marquet was born in Germany,
Jan. 4, 1866, and came to America in 1882 with
his father, Jacob Marquet, who settled in Browns-
town where he died on June 23d, the same
year ; his widow resides in Detroit. Augustus
married a lady from Germany, in iSSy. They
have one child, Albert.

Ferdinand Michaelis was born in Germany,
Feb. 12, 1847, came to America in 1870, and set-
tled in Detroit; removed to Taylor in 1882, and
married Augusta Klinger, in 1883. They have six
children, William, Charles, Mary, Herman, Bertha,

PERSONAL SKETCHES— TAYLOR.

1455

and Gustavus. He is a member 'of the German
Lutheran Church.

Henry Michels was born in Germany, Dec. 4,
1849, came to America in 1869, and for many years
resided in Detroit. He removed to Taylor in 1882,
and purchased a farm of 40 acres. He married Min-
nie Sokolfskie, of Romukis, in 1878. They have
four children, Henry, Herman, Edward and William.
Previous to coming to Taylor he was engaged in the
brewing business. He is a member of the German
Lutheran Church.

Joseph Miller was born in Prussia, Sept. 29,
1826, came to America in i860, settled in Detroit,
and removed to Taylor in 1 880. He married Helen
Helmet, Sept. 19, 1855. They have had six chil-
dren, Caroline, Annie, Joseph. Charles, Clara and
Louis. He has been Town Treasurer, Highway
Commissioner, School Treasurer, and besides farm-
ing is in the insurance business. He is one of the
leading Democrats of Taylor, and a member of the
Catholic Church.

William Moot is one of the oldest residents of
Wayne Co., having come to Detroit in 1 829, from
England, where he was born Jan. 15, 1818. His
father, John Moot, was a brick manufacturer. In
1 83 1 he purchased a farm in Taylor, and lived there
until his death, in 1882, aged 83; his wife died in
1868, aged 55. William married Arvllla Girard.
They had five children, three of whom are living,
John, Lillie and Eliza. He is a member of the Epis-
copal Church.

John Natzel, son of August Natzel, was born
in Germany, June 28, 1862. His father brought his
family to America in 187 1, and for six years resided
in Detroit. He then removed to Taylor, on a farm
he had bought. John attended school while the
family lived in the city. He is a member of the
German Lutheran Church.

Frank X. Nicholas was born in Switzerland,
Dec. 22. i84T,came to America in 1843, with his
father, who settled in Wayne County. He died
in 1848, and his mother died in 1879, aged 57.
Frank married Elizabeth Tucker, in July, 1863.
They have nine children, Helen, Amber, Alice,
Frank, John J., Burnadetta, Genevieve, Leo, and
Eva O. His brother, Frank X., died while serving
in Co. G, 27th Michigan Infantry, in the late war.
He is a member of the Catholic Church.

Rudolph Paskie was born in Prussia, Feb. 6,
1858, came to America in 1864, and settled in Chi-
cago. In 1866 he removed to Detroit, and in 1869
purchased a farm in Taylor. His parents reside in
the same town. He married Minnie Twork, of
Dearborn, May 2, 1888. He is a member of the
German Lutheran Church.

George P. Penney was born in Van Buren,
Wayne Co, Jan. 18, 1847. E. G. Penney, his

father, a native of Orange Co., N. Y., came to
Michigan in 1838, and settled in Dearborn, where
he resides. George married Caroline R. Schippy,
of Taylor, in November, 1874. They have six chil-
dren, viz.: George W., James H., Eleazer G.,
Louis F., Alma L., and Hazel M. He has lived in
Taylor since 1875 on his farm of 50 acres.

William N. Perry was born in Virginia, Aug.
18, 1835, came to Michigan in 1853, and settled in
Wayne Co. For many years he was engaged in
the lumber business at Wyandotte. He is a builder
and farmer. In 1857 he married Roxana Coan,
of Taylor. They have two children, Edith H.,
married to Alpine Miller, and George W.

Herman Personka was born in Germany,
Jan. 24, 1842, came to America in 1866, and settled
in Detroit. In 1868 he purchased a farm in Taylor.
He married Fredericka Stevens in 1 872. They have
five children, Anna, Charles, August, Bertie and
Lizzie. He is a member of the German Lutheran
Church.

Henry H. Prouty was born in Delaware,
Ohio, Oct. 10, 1 84 1, came to Michigan with his
father, Abel Prouty, who settled in Taylor in 1868 ;
where he died in 1884. aged 84; his mother died in'
1882, aged 75. Henry married Eliza Cooper, of
Romulus, in 1877. They have three children,
Emma M.. May, and Henry G.

Henry Putzig was born in Prussia, May 7,
1833, came to America in 1872, and settled in De-
troit and lived there until 1877, when he removed
to Taylor. His first wife was Amelia Vishinger.
She died May 26, 1876. They had six children,
Theodore, Mary, Emil, Otto, Martha and Henry.
His second wiie was Augusta Savotaksy.

Charles Riedel was born in Prussia, May 12,
1838, came to America in 1856, and lived in De-
troit until i860, when he removed to Taylor. He
married Elizabeth Hugbecker in i860. They have
six children, Charles, Fred, Lizzie, George Edward
and Helen. He has served one term as Town
Treasurer.

John Ritter was born in Germany, Aug. i,
1853, came to America in 1880, and settled in
Wayne Co, He married Amelia Serbert in 1878.
She was born March 25, 1855. Their children
are : August, Emma, Fred, William, Minnie and
Henry.

Fredrick Rottkosoky was born in Prussia,
Dec. 4, 1844, came to America in 1870, and settled
in Wayne Co. He married K. Cravetsky in 1872.
They have nine -children, Mary, Anna, Charles,
Minnie, Augusta, William, Otto, Edward and Louis.
He has been Highway Commissioner, and is a
member of the Evangelical Church.

Rev. Hugo SciAiftiScrfMiDT was born in Ger-
many, Sept. 20, i860, and came to America in 1884.

1456

PERSONAL SKETCHES— TAYLOR.

He graduated from Eden College, St. Louis, Mo., in
1887, and was then appointed Pastor of St. Paul's
Lutheran Church, of Taylor Center.

Louis Scheuer was born in Germany, July 14,
1830, came to America in 1852, settled in Detroit,
and in 1876 removed to Taylor. He has four chil-
dren, Lizzie, Anna, Minnie and Augusta. He is a
member of F. & A. M. Lodge, No, i, of Detroit.

August Schmideknecht was born in Ger-
many, June 6, 1853, and came to America with his
parents in 1867. They settled in Taylor, w^here
they now reside. August married Annie Steeger,
of Germany, in Nov., 1876. They have four chil-
dren, Annie, Ida, Louis and Nellie. He is a mem-
ber of the German Lutheran Church.

Frederick A. Schumann was born in Saxony,
Aug. 28, 1835, came to America in 1851, and set-
tled in Detroit. In 1855 he removed to Taylor. He
enlisted March 7, 1859, in the U. S. Regular Army,
and served in the 5th U. S. Infantry until August
2, 1865. He is a member of Cory Post, No. 261,
G. A. R ; has been Deputy Sheriff, under Sheriff
Clippert ; Supervisor three terms ; Health Officer,
and Township Treasurer ; and several years was
agent for the Farmers' Mutual F ire Insurance Co.,
of Wayne and Macomb Counties; is School Di-
rector and Treasurer of Oak Grove Cemetery; is
a leading Republican of his town, and a member of
the German Methodist Church.

Sebastian Sendelbach was born in Ohio,
July 29, 1857, came to Michigan in 1866, and settled
in Taylor, with his parents. His father died Nov.
16, 1887, aged 67; his mother lives with her som
He married Mary Meinke, in 1883. They have two
children, Emma and Mary. He is a Democrat and
a member of the Catholic Church.

John Setgest was born in Germany, in Jan.,
1830, came to America in 1854, and settled in New
York State. In 1868 he removed to Michigan, and
purchased a farm in Taylor. He married Mary
Smith, of his native village, in 1854. They have
three children, John, Sophia, and Minnie. He is a
member of the Lutheran Church.

Ezra Sheldon was born in New York State,
July 14, 1830. When eight years of age, he accom-
panied his father, Asa Sheldon, to Michigan, where
he settled in Nankin, Wayne Co. His father died
in April, 1862, aged 64; his mother died May 27,
1863, aged 73. Ezra married Lucinda Vandervort,
of Ash, Monroe Co., in Aug., 1854. They have
four children, Lorenzo, Daniel E., Ida L., and Isaac.
He is a member of the Free Methodist Church, and
has lived in Taylor since ^1848, and is a leading
Democrat.

Carl Sielaff was born in Germany, Nov. 25,
1 817. Before leaving home he married a lady of
his native village. He came to America in 1872,

and having purchased a farm in Taylor, he settled
there. They have five children, Charles, Richard,
Augusta, Emil, and Robert. Charles is married
and lives in Brownstown ; Richard resides in " Jeru-
salem ;" Augusta is married and resides in Wyan-
dotte. He is a member of the German Lutheran
Church.

William Smith was born in Switzerland, Sept.
I, 1824, and came to America with his parents in
1^33- John Smith, his^ father, settled in Detroit.
At that time, he says, there was only one brick
house in the city. He died in 1880, aged 7^\ his
wife died in 1883, aged 81. William married
Rosanna Miller, of Detroit, in 1853. They have
five children, William. John, George, Alexander, and
Elizabeth. He has lived in Taylor since 1874, and
is a member of the Catholic Church.

Lewis Stauch was born in Germany, Oct. 13,
1822, and came to America in 1836. After a short
stay in Pittsburg, Pa., he located in Detroit, where
he lived until 1877, when he purchased a farm of 40
acres in Taylor, and resides there now. For four
years he was employed on the Detroit Free Press.
In 1850 he married Mary Trager, of Beach Rock,
N. Y. They have three children, George P., William,
and Louis L. He is a member of the United Church.

William Steinhauer was born in Germany,
Jan. 30, 1830, came to America in 1856 and has
owned his farm in Taylor since 1857. For many
years he was engaged in shoemaking. He has six
children, Herman, Hattie, Amos, Ellsbetta, Sarah,
and William. He was Highway Commissioner for
three years.

Christian Stevenson was born in Germany,
Nov. 14, 1827, came to America in 1863, and settled
in Detroit. In 1868 he removed to Taylor, and pur-
chased a farm. He married Sophia Stutt, in 1851.
They have six children, Henry, Rachel, Lizzie,
William, Mary, and Charles. Mary married John
Thies, of Taylor. They have one child, Bertha.
They are members of the German Lutheran Church.

Newton B. Steward was born in Alleghany
Co., N. Y., Dec. 3, 1826. When seven years of age
he came to Michigan with his parents. W .G. Stew-
ard, his father, has been a resident of Taylor many
years, and is one of the few early settlers of Michi-
gan living. His mother died in April, 1883, well
advanced in years. Newton married Lurana Gil-
bert, of Washtenaw Co., June^6, 1858. At that
time he was in California, having gone there in 1850.
He has five children, William G., Leland B., Alma
R., Olin E., and Valmose L. He has always been
an earnest worker in the cause of temperance, and
is the foremost Prohibitionist of his town ; has been
Highway Commissioner, School Director and Census
Enumerator, and is a member of the M. E. Church.

Andrew Storch was born in Germany, May

PERSONAL SKETCHES-VAN BUREN.

1457

10, 181 5, came to America in 1854, and settled in
Wayne Co., first locating in Dearborn, and finally
purchasing a farm in Taylor, where he has lived
since 1858. He married Eliza Winterbower, of his
native village, in 1839. They have had ten children,
seven of whom survive, viz., Andrew, Jr., Erhardt,
Caspar, Henry, Elizabeth, Barbara, and Annie.
George, John and Elizabeth died in infancy. He
has always been engaged in farming, and is a mem-
ber of the German Lutheran Church. Andrew, Jr.,
served four years in the late war, in the 24th Mich.

Warren L. Sutltff was born in Taylor, Dec.
9, 1856. His father, William Sutliff. came to Michi-
gan from New York State, in 18 16, and has resided
there since. He was born in 18 14; his wife was
born the same year. Warren married Lizzie L.,
daughter of Henry Fritz, of Taylor, in May, 1879.
They have three children, William H., Susan M.,
and Charles R. He is a prominent Democrat of
his town.

William Sutliff was born in Penfield, On-
tario Co., N. Y., Sept. 5, 1 810, and came to Michi-
gan with his parents in 181 7. They settled in
Monroe. His father, James Sutliff, removed to
Iowa many years ago, where he died in 1866, aged
84, his wife having died in 1825. William married
Minerva Hosmer, of New York, in 1836. They
have had thirteen children, only six of whom sur-
vive, viz., William James, Richard, Frances, Louis
S.. Warren L., and Mary M., wife of Dr. Seth Felt,
Martha, who married Charles Felt, died June 13,
1888. He is the oldest Democrat in Taylor, and
still takes an active part in politics ; he has resided
in Taylor since 1834; he was Highway Commis-
sioner for thirty years ; has been Town Treasurer,
and was Assessor before Michigan became a
state.

William James Sutliff was born in Wayne
County, Mich., Jan 7, 1836. His father, William
Sutliff, was a native of Cayuga Co., N. Y., and
came to Michigan, and settled in Taylor in 1832,

where he still resides, well advanced in years.
W. J. married Eleanor Lake, of III, in i860. She
died Oct. 13, 1875. They had seven children, of
whom only two are living, Myron and Thomas.
March 12. 1878, he married Minnie Ingraham, of
Genesee Co., Mich. He has served 16 years as
Highway Commissioner, and four years as Justice
of the Peace, and is a member of the Baptist
Church.

August Valuet was born in France, May 27,
1 818, came to America in 1852, and settled in Tay-
lor in 1863. He married Miss Lucy Buossun in
1 85 1. They have five children, Charles, Hattie,
Edward, Paul and Mattie. He is one of the
staunch Democrats of his town, and a member of
the Catholic Church.

Clark Wells was born in Taylor. Wayne
Co., Mich , on the farm he now owns. May 14^
1 841. His father, Charles Wells, came to Michi-
gan from Buffalo N. Y., at an early day, and died
in 1871, advanced in years; his wife died in 1853.
Clark married Emeline Riggs, of Van Buren, in
May, 1872. They have two children, Frank C,
and Ada E. He has been engaged in the saw
mill business and farming.

John Wilde was born in Germany, Dec. i,.
1823, came to America in 1854, and for three
years resided in Detroit. In 1857 he purchased a
farm in Taylor, and has lived there since. In
1855 he married Christina Wick, of Germany.
They have eight children, Christian. Lizzie, Mary,
Henry, Minnie, Annie, William and Edward. He
has always been engaged in farming, and is a
member of the Evangelical Church.

Joseph Winterhalter was born in Germany,
June 27, 1828, and came to America in 1854. He
married Miss Theresa Dick, of his native town, in
1854. They have three children, Edward, Frank,
and Carrie. He is a member of the Catliblic
Church.

VAN BUREN.

Mrs. Louisa J. Anderson, post mistress of
Denton, Wayne Co., was born in Nelson, Ontario,
Sept. 22, 1832. Her maiden name was Babcock.
On Sept. 26, 1852, she married Hiram T. Eberle, of
Oxford, Ontario. Hiram and family came to Den-
ton, Wayne Co., Mich., in 1854. Hiram Eberle
died Sept. 25, 1873, at Denton. He was post-
master at the time of his death, having held the
office for 10 years. Soon after his death, Louisa,
his wife, was appointed postmaster of Denton, and

still holds the office. The children by the name of
Eberle are Ada, born in 1859, and died March 16,
1863 ; and W. J. born Sept. 25, 1861. In Oct. 31,
1875, Louisa J. Eberle married Francis C. Ander-
son, of Plymouth, Mich. Francis C. Anderson
v^as born in N. Y., March 29, 1839. They are en-
gaged in general merchandise business.

Frank M. Artley, of Van Buren, was born
in Canton, Wayne Co, Mich., May 22, 1857. His
parents, John and Arozina (Hicks) Artley, came

1458

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

from England to America, in 1828, and to Canton,
Wayne Co., Mich., in 1830, locating on United
States Government land. Arozina (Hicks) Artley
died in 1878; John Artley died in 1880. Frank
was married Nov. 29, 1876, to Addie Cotton, of
Canton, Mich. Addie (Cotton) Artley was born
in Canton, Mich., May 31, 1858. Her parents,
William and Martha Cotton, came to America in
1829, locating in Canton, Mich., taking land from
the United States Government. Martha died Feb.
14, 1885, aged 64, In 1 88 1 Frank M. came upon
the farm he now owns, and since the death of
Martha Cotton, William has made his home with
Frank M, They are both Democrats. Frank M.
Artley's family consists of four children, Floyd,
born Aug. 22, 1878; Ray. born Dec. 19, 1880;
Willie, born Dec. 20, 1882; Mattie, born Dec. 7,

1884. His farm contains 84 acres, all under a
high state of cultivation.

Charles H. Ash, of Van Buren was born in
Huron, Wayne Co., Mich., March 23, 1858. His
parents, James and Filers Ash, were born in Wayne
Co., Mich. Arby Ash, grandfather of Charles, was
a member of the first Legislature that met in
Michigan. Arby came to Michigan in 1829. The
Township of Ash, Monroe Co., was named in his
honor. Charles H. was married March 19, 1877,
to Sarah Johnson, of Exeter. Sarah was born
Sept. 26, 1856. Her parents, Benjamin and Mary
Johnson, were among the first settlers of Exeter,
Monroe Co. They have five children, Chas. H.
Jr., born May 7, 1879 ; Willie, born April 13, 1881 ;
Inas, born Jan. 13, 1882; Clarence and Clara,
twins, born Dec , 1885.

Amasa M. Austin, of Van Buren, was born in
Palmyra, Monroe Co, N. Y., Dec. 27, 1818, and
came to Michigan in 1834 with his parents, Abel
and Sally Austin. Jan. 24, 1841, Amasa married
Ma^ Corkins, of Van Buren. Mary was born in
Ellisburg, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1822. Her parents came
to Wayne Co., June 4, 1824. Her father, Lucius,
died in 1837, aged 36; her mother, Lydia, died in

1885, aged 86. They had five children: Harriet,
born Aug. 27, 1843, died Dec. 31, 1886 ; Lydia M.,
born March 28, 1847, died July 8, 1887; Abel A.,
born Sept. 27, 1850; Almeda M., born April 14,
1855, died in 1862; Mary A., born April 28, 1859.

George Avery, of Van Buren, was born in
Newark. Wayne Co , Mich., Aug. 25, 1838. He
with his parents John and Clarissa, came to Michi-
gan in 1843, locating in Nankin, Wayne Co. John
died in 1 860, aged 60 years ; Clarissa is still living.
George married Elizabeth Cooper, of Huron, Wayne
Co., Mich., July 31, 1857. Elizabeth was born in
Van Buren, Feb. 10, 1840. Her father, Thomas
Cooper, died in 1876, aged 80 years; her mother,
Rebecca Cooper, died 1881, aged 76. They had

four children, Maryette, born May 28, i860; Ed-
ward, born March 15, 1863; Charles, born March
15, 1865 ; Albert, born March 28, 1868.

John Aworth, of Van Buren, was born in
England, Feb. 19, 1833. Fie was married Nov. 8,
1863. On Jan. i, 1870, they landed in Detroit,
Mich., John working by day's work in and around
Dearborn, Mich. • In the spring of 1870 they came
to Denton, Wayne Co., and he engaged with S. Y.
Denton for some time. He then rented a farm for
three years, then purchased the farm they now
own. He is engaged extensively in the raising of
small fruits.

Henry M. Babcock, carriage and wagonmaker,
of Denton, Mich., was born in Palmyra, C. W.,
Oct. 28, 1844, came to Michigan in 1856, locating
at Perrinsville. He enlisted August, 1862, as private
in Co. D, 24th Mich. Vol. Infantry, and remained
with the Regiment in all its marches and battles
until the spring of 1865, when the Regiment was
sent to Springfield, 111., to do garrison duty at Camp
Butler. He was discharged June 30, 1865, by
special order from the War Department. After his
discharge he returned to Wayne Co., where he has
since resided. Feb. 17, 1867, he married Frankie
L. Gould, of Denton. Frankie (Gould) Babcock
was born in Michigan in 1849. They have one
child, George W., born Nov. 24, 1867. Henry M.
is a member of Carpenter Post, No. 180, G. A. R.,
of Ypsilanti.

Caleb J. Barlow, merchant and postmaster,
of Rawsonville, Van Buren Township, Mich., was
born in Avon, N. Y., June 8, 1821, came to Van
Buren Township, Mich., in 1836, and married Mar-
garet Spaun, of Van Buren, May 29, 1849 Mar-
garet was born in Bethlehem, N. Y., Oct. 22, 1828.
In April, 1855, he engaged in the general merchan-
dise business in Rawsonville. He has held the of-
fice of Constable for several years. In 1863 he was
elected a Justice of the Peace, of Van Buren Town-
ship, and has held the office consecutively since that
time. He also held the office of Supervisor for
seven years In Jan., 1886, he w^as appointed
Postmaster of Rawsonville, which office he still
holds. They have three children, Edwin, born
Oct 22, 1850; Almena, born Aug. 2, 1852, died
March> 1853; Walter, born Sept. 20, 1854. They
have an adopted daughter, Anna (Dickinson) Bar-
low, born Oct. 26, 1861. He farms 245 acres and
owns a flouring mill at Belleville, Mich.

Charles F. Barry, of Van Buren, was born
in Yates, Orleans Co.. N. Y., May 29, 1822. His
parents, Benjamin and Catherine Barry, came with
their family of six children to Michigan in 1836, lo-
cating in Romulus, Wayne Co. Benjamin died in
1856, aged 56; Catherine died in 1871, aged 70.
Charles F. married Emily Sundburg, of Van Buren,

PERSONAL SKETCHES-VAN BUREN.

1459

Jan. 5, 1842 Emily was born in New York City
Nov. 6, 1824. Her parents, Nicholas and Polly
Sundburg came to Van Buren Township, Mica.,
in 1835. Nicholas died in 1876, aged 70; Polly
died in 1881. aged 84. Six children have been
born to Charles and Emily.

John Barton, of Van Buren, was born in Lin-
colnshire, Eng., June 30, 18 14. His father, John
Barton, died in 1 846, aged 66 ; Massie (Wade)
Barton, his mother, died in 1845, aged 66 years.
Dec. 18, 1834, John married Jane Thompson, of
Lincolnshire, Eng. Jane was born May i, 1814.
Feb. 28, 1855, John and his wife landed at Den-
ton, Wayne Co., Mich. In 1868 he purchased seven
acres of S. Y. Denton, in Denton Village. Their
children are Harriet, Mary, Elizabeth, William and
Joseph. Harriet is dead ; Elizabeth is the wife of
W. H. Smith, a prosperous farmer of Van Buren.

Thomas Barton, of Van Buren, was born in
Lincolnshire, Eng., July 14, 1821. His parents
were John and Massie (Wade) Barton. John died
in 1846, aged 66 years, Massie died in 1845, ^g^^
66 years. April 17, 1844, Thomas married Eliza-
beth Alban, of Lincolnshire, Eng.; Elizabeth was
born Feb. 22, 1821. May 14, 1854 they arrived at
Denton, Wayne Co., Mich., direct from England.
Thomas began working for S. Y. Denton by the day.
By economy they saved enough to purchase the
farm they now own receiving the deed March 31,
1868. They have no children. They are members
of M. E. Church, of Denton

Mrs. D. C. Burrell, widow of Daniel C. Bur-
rell, was born in Lincolnshire, Eng,, Nov. 18, 1841.
Her maiden name was Mary Ann Atchinson. Her
parents, William and Sarah Atchinson, were Eng-
lish people. William and Sarah came to America
in 1 86 1, with Mary Ann, their only child, and set-
tled in Ypsilanti. Sarah died Dec. 31, 1885, aged
66 years; William died Nov. 8, 1887, aged 76.
Mary Ann Atchinson married Daniel C. Burrell,
of Van Buren, April 16, 1867. Daniel was born
Dec. 28, 1 841. His parents, George and Sarah
(Smith) Burrell, came to Van Buren in 1842, locat-
ing on the farm Mrs. D. C. Burrell now owns. Dan-
iel C. Burrell died Oct. 28, 1887, aged 47 years.
They have had four children, Burton A., born Aug.
II, 1868 ; Emma L., born July 28, 1870; Mattie E.,
born Nov. 13, 1872, and died Sept. 21, 1874; Fred
C, born Nov. 13, 1880, and died Feb. 19, 1882.

Edward Burrell, of Van Buren, was born in
Canton, Wayne Co., Mich., June 17, 1859 His
parents, John and Sarah F. Burrell, came to Michi-
gan from New York in 1843. Edward remained at
home until his marriage, Nov. 27, 1884. He mar-
ried Hattie M. Rowe, of Van Buren, Wayne Co.,
Mich. Hattie was born in Detroit, Mich., May 25,
1866. Her parents Wm. C. Rowe and Ruth

(Bullock) Rowe, were English people, coming to
the United States, and to Detroit in 1850. Wm. C.
is living in Van Buren, Mich. In 1885 Edward
came upon the farm he now owns, on Section 9 of
Van Buren Township. Their only child, Harry J.,
was born Dec. 23, 1886. They are members of
the M. E. Church.

Mr. William Burrell, of Van Buren, was
born in Lincolnshire, England, Feb. 18, 1835. His
parents, George and Sarah L. (Smith) Burrell with
three children, landed in America, arriving at Ypsi-
lanti, Mich., June 9, 1838. George died Feb. 13,
1 867, aged 70 years ; Sarah died Jan. 29, 1 888, aged
83 years. William married Angelina Alban, of
Ypsilanti, on Dec. 25, 1856. Angelina was born in
Lincolnshire, Eng., April 19, 1837. Her parents,
William and Lucy (Smith) Alban, came to America
in 1855, locating in Ypsilanti. Wm. Alban died
Aug. 12, 1869, aged 73 years. His mother is living,
and in Oct., 1888, was 90 years old. Mr. Burrell
purchased the farm he now owns in 1865. They
have had eight children, Lucy Ann, George W.,
Emma, George W., Charles, Clarence, Winnie
and Alban. Those that have died are Lucy Ann,
George W., the ist, Emma, Charles, Minnie and
Alban.

Charles Campbell, of Van Buren Township,
was born in New Prospect, N. J., Oct 3, 1814.
He married Mary Ann Bush of New Prospect, N.
J., June 20, 1839. Mary (Bush) Campbell was
born in Ramapo, N. J., July 20, 1814. He with
his family, came to Michigan in 1846, locating upon
the farm he now owns. Mary (Bush) Campbell
died June 20, 1861. He married Susan Tabor,
Oct. 7, 1 86 1. Susan was born in New York, March
20, 1 8 14. She died Dec. 14, 1879. He married
Mary Jane Closser, of Taylor, Wayne Co., Mich.,
Jan. 20, 1 88 1. Mary (Closser) Campbell was born
June 26, 1844. Children born to Charles Campbell:
David H. was born in 1841, he enlisted in Co. F.,
24th Mich. Infantry, in Aug. 1862, as a private, and
was discharged in 1865 as Sergeant ; Charles Camp-
bell, Jr. was born in 1848, John W. born in 1849,
Mary Louisa, born 1851, Catherine Ann, born 1852.
Charles died Aug. 29, 1848, Catherine Ann died
Dec. 15, 1874. Catherine (Warner) Campbell,
granddaughter of Charles Campbell, was born Dec.
4, 1 874, and has since resided with her grandfather.

Mrs. Chloe Carpenter, of Van Buren Town-
ship, was born in Pompey, near Delphi, N. Y.,
Nov. 19, 181 5. Her maiden name was Chloe Phip-
peney. She married John C. Carpenter, of Spring-
water Valley, N. Y., on May 20, 1832. John C.
was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Aug. 20, 18 10.
John C. and his family came to Michigan in 1838,
locating near the state line of Ohio. In 1840 they
came to Van Buren Township, to the farm where

1460

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

she has since resided, John C. died June 14, 1886.
Mrs. Carpenter is the mother of seven children.
William P., Almira, Minnetta L , Chauncey, De-
forest, Electa S., and Mary. Deforest enlisted in
Co. G , 1 2th Mich. Infantry, in 1864, and died at
Little Rock, Ark.

James R. Clari?:. of Van Buren Township, was
born on the farm he now owns, Dec. 23, 1845. His
parents, Timothy and Sophia Clark, came to Lon-
don, Monroe Co., 1838. They moved to Belleville
in 1839, locating on the farm James R. now owns.
Timothy Clark was born June 6, 1794, and died
Nov. 16, 1851. Sophia Clark was born March 17,
1803, and died April 10, 1881. James R. married
Ada E. Maddison, of Belleville, Oct. 16, 1867.
Ada (Maddison) Clark was born in White Water,
Wis., June 29, 1847. Her parents were Custus and
Abigail Maddison. James R. and Ada E. have
had four children; Katie, born July 3, 1869; Jen-
nie M , born Dec. 18, 1871 ; Frank R., born Sept.
24, 1877, and William J, born Dec. 24, 1882.
Katie died Sept. 23, 1870.

Robert P. Clark, of Van Buren Township,
was born in New Boston, Hillsboro Co., N. H.,
Jan. 10, 1 8 10. When he was 21 years old he left
home, going to Buffalo, N. Y., learning the trade
of millwright. He worked in Buffalo at his trade
until 1835, when he came to Michigan, locating in
Monroe City. He built a mill at Monroe City, and
one at Petersburgh, Monroe Co. He also built
mills at Rawsonville, Wayne Co., the Eagle Mills,
of Ypsilanti, and one each at Dexter, Plymouth and
Adrian. He was engaged with Daniel L. Quirk, in
the milling, lumber and general merchandise busi-
ness at Belleville for a number of years. He mar-
ried Violet S. Clark, of Van Buren Township,
Sept. 14, 1848. Violet (Clark) Clark was born in
Otsego Co., N. Y., Aug. 16, 1828. In 1851 he
came upon the farm and has since resided here.
They have had six children ; George T., born
Nov. 23, 1851 ; Clara S., born March 11, 1855;
Walter H., born Dec. 27, 1856 ; Cora M., born June
16, 1859 ; John W.. born Aug. 12, 1861 ; Lida M.,
born March 6, 1866. The family are all living. In
1862 he was elected a member of the Michigan
State Legislature for one term. He has held office
of Supervisor for two years, and of Highway Com-
missioner for 18 years, and was County Superin-
tendent of the Poor of Wayne Co., for three years.

Mrs. Mary Jane Clark, widow of Woodbury
Clark, was born in Augusta, Mich., Dec. 26, 1835.
Her parents, John and Lucy Carpenter, came to
Michigan at an early day. Her father died in 1874
aged 71 years. Her mother is still living. Mary
Jane Carpenter was married to Woodbury Clark,
of Van Buren, Mich., Dec. 29, 1859 Woodbury
Clark was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Nov. 28,

1 83 1, he died Sept. 30. 1887. Three children were
born to Mr. and Mrs. Clark. Emma A., born Nov.
20, i860; Ada Belle, born March 7, 1869; Ralph
Wood, born Feb. 25. 1876. Emma A. died Nov.
13. 1867, and Ada Belle died April 16, 1884.

Lester Cobb, merchant of Denton, Van Buren
Township, was born in Canton, Wayne Co. Mich.,
June 28, 1856. Up to the age of 14 years he re-
mained at home. He was then sent to the Mich-
igan Normal School at Ypsilanti for three years.
He married Nettie Huston, of Canton, Mich., Sept.
16, 1877. Nettie (Huston) Cobb was born in Can-
ton, Mich., July 3, 1861. After their marriage
they moved to Cheboygan, Mich., where he was
engaged in teaching for two years. He then en-
gaged in the brokerage business of cedar posts and
ties for nearly three years. While living here he
was elected Township Clerk of Burt Township, for
two years, and Commissioner of Highways for one
year. In 1877 he came to Denton, Mich., and en-
gaged in mercantile business, in which business he
still continues. They have four children. Mabel
Grace, born May 16, 1878 ; Ida May, born Aug 27,
1870; Mina Bell, born June 5, 1882; Erlin Roy,
born Nov. 19, 1885.

Scott Colby, of Van Buren, was born in Niag-
ara, Niagara Co., N. Y., Aug. 27, i83r. His par-
ents, William L. and Ann (Upper) Colby, were
American born, coming from New York State to
Michigan by team in 1833, locating in Monroe
Co.; then going to Lowell, Mich., and purchasing a
mill and some village property, then moving to
Ypsilanti Township upon the Chicago Road, and
keeping a tavern for four or five years. In the
spring of 1852, Mr. Scott Colby began clearing
up S6 acres of land he had purchased in Van
Buren Township. In Nov. 1852, he married Betsy
Dalrymple, of Van Buren, Mich. Betsy Dalrymple
was born in Dec. 1830. Wm. L. Colby died Aug.
27, 1844, aged 52 years. Ann Colby died in 1875,
aged 7S years. Mr. and Mrs. Colby have had three
children, Howard, West, and Wright. In the
spring of 1883 Mr. Colby began the erection of a
large and commodious brick farm house, which
was completed in the fall of that year, and the day
before Christmas Mr. Colby and family moved
from the old into the new home, taking it for their
Christmas present. The farm contains 103 acres,
under a high state of cultivation.

Joseph G. Cooper, of Van Buren, was born in
New jjersey in 1832. His parents, James and
Anna Cooper, came to Van Buren, Mich., in 1835.
James died in 1882, aged 77; Anna died in 1856,
aged 50 years. Joseph was married to Rona Sav-
age of Belleville, Mich., in 1857. He has six chil-
dren, Vernor, Benjamin, Roy, Caroline, Emma and
Gracie.

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

1 46 1

Mrs. Mary (Walker) Corkins of Van Buren
Township, was born in New York, May 26, 1825,
and came to Michigan in i83r. May 31, 1848,
Mary Walker married Veranus Corkins, of Orion,
Oakland Co., Mich. Veranus Corkins was born in
New York, Feb. 10. 1824, and came to Van Buren
Township, Mich., with his parents, in June, 1824,
where he lived until his death, which occurred Sept.
26, 1876. They have had five children, Sophronia,
born Aug. 4, 1850; Aurelia, born Aug. 7, 1854, and
died May 12, 1879; Emma, born May 2, i860.*
Alice, born Dec 15, 1862, and died June 11, 1881 ;
and Edward S., born Oct. 16, 1868.

Dr. Albert E. Coy, of Belleville, Wayne Co.,
Mich , was born in Van Buren Township, Mich.,
Nov. 30, 1858. His first instruction in schooling
was received at the district school. He then attended
the Belleville High School for four years, and one
year at the State Normal School at Ypsilanti.- Upon
the completion of his course at the Normal, he en-
gaged in teaching for two years. June 23, 1880, he
married Lefa Miller, of Belleville. Lefa (Miller)
Coy was born in Van Buren Township, September
4, 1859. After his marriage the doctor and his
wife engaged in teaching at Eaton's Mills, Washten-
aw Co., Mich., for one year. In the fall of 1881 he
entered the Medical Department of the Michigan
University, and graduated with the class of 1884.
After his graduation he engaged in the practice of
medicine at Meredith, Mich., only remaining at
Meredith for three months. He then returned to
Belleville, Mich., and engaged in the practice of his
profession, and has since resided there. He has an
extensive practice, and the confidence of the people.
Their only child, Frank, was born Aug. 9 1882.

Mrs. Catherine (McKenzie) Crawford,
widow of William Crawford, of Van Buren, was
born in York, Livingston Co., N. Y., Oct. 9, 1809.
May 3, 1832, Catherine McKenzie married William
Crawford, of York, N. Y. William was born in
Schenectady, N. Y., Dec. 16, 1806. William first
came to Michigan in 1831, and purchased from the
Government 160 acres of land, his deed being No.
5,899, and signed by Andrew Jackson, then Presi-
dent of the United States. William died Feb. 20,
1888. Mr. and Mrs. Crawford had five children,
viz., Donald, born Sept. 26, 1834, and died Oct. 29,
1836; Catherine, born May 29, 1836; John, born
Aug. 16, 1838, and died Sept. 17, 1863 ; Mary Ann^
born June 16, 1842, and died Jan. 28, 1843; Mary
Ellen, born April 28, 1845. Mary Ellen married
George Dickerson, Feb. 20, 1877. They work the
farm for Mrs. Crawford, she making her home with
them. The farm contains 240 acres.

Jeremiah Crouch, of Van Buren, was born in
Cornwall, England, June 6, 1832. In Nov., 1850,
he married Salina Crouch, of Cornwall, England.

Salina was born in Cornwall, England, in 1833.
After his marriage he engaged in mining. In 1874,
he and his wife, with a family of four children,
started for America, arriving at Detroit, Mich., Sept.
I, 1874. They came direct to Denton, Van Buren
Township. When they arrived at Denton, an in-
ventory showed three bundles of clothing and two
dollars in money. He now has two farms, one of
47 acres and one of 80 acres. The children are
Mary Ann, Jane, Ellen and William. William occu-
pies and works one of the farms.

William J. Crouch, of Van Buren Township,
was born in Cornwall, England, March 5, 1863.
His parents, Jeremiah and Salina Crouch, with four
children, came to the United States in 1871, and
located at Denton, Wayne Co., Mich., where they
are still living. William J, remained at home until
1882, when he began for himself on the farm he
now owns, in Van Buren. April 8, 1884, he mar-
ried Eva H. Burrell, of Van Buren. She was born
Nov. 30, 1 863. Her parents were John and Sarah
Burrell. Sarah died May i, 1882. Eva H. Crouch
died June 13, 1885. They had one child, Rodger,
born June 6, 1885, and died June 17, 1885. Feb-
ruary II, 1886, William Crouch married Josephine
D. Seamans, of Sumpter, Mich. She was born in
Jackson Co., Mich., Nov. 16, 1863 Her parents
were Benjamin and Caroline Seamans. Benjamin
enlisted in the army in 1861, and died in 1864, of
yellow fever.

Henry W. M. M. Daugharty, of Van Buren,
was born in Wardsville, Canada, July 18, 1828. He
learned the baker's trade, working at it for several
years. Feb. 3, 1863, he married Mary Jemieson, of
London, Canada. Mary was born in Ireland, in
March, 1833. They have three children, John F.,
born March 8, 1864 ; Charlotte Elizabeth, born May
3, 1866; Mary Ellen, born April 13, 1869 » ^^1 born
in Canada. In March, 1874, Henry, with his family,
moved to Belleville, Wayne Co., Mich., and in the
spring of 1 884 he purchased the farm he now owns,
containing 40 acres.

Capt. Henry Davis, of Van Buren Town-
ship, was born in Tipperary, Ireland, July i, 1827.
In July, 1848, he married Mary Woods. Mary
(Woods) Davis was born in Ireland in 1823. They
came to America and to Van Buren Township in
1854. They were without means, and began
working by the day at any work they could get to
do. Oct. 23, 1 86 1, Henry enlisted as a private in
Co. B, 14th Mich. Infantry. He was mustered into
service as Sergeant of the Company, holding the
office for two years. He was then transferred to
Co. H, and promoted to 2d Lieutenant. On Aug. 8,
1864, was promoted to ist Lieutenant of Co.*H, ;
on Feb. 5, 1865, for bravery shown upon the battle-
field, he was promoted to Captain of Co. A, 14th

1462

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

Michigan Infanty. At the battle of Bentonville, N.
C, he was wounded, and taken to the field hos-
pital, and then sent home. He rejoined the regi-
ment at Louisville, Ky. and was mustered from
service, July 18, 1865. From date of muster out
he was granted a small pension, which has been
slightly increased since. After his discharge he re-
turned to Van Buren Township, and engaged in
farming upon shares. In the spring of 1871 he
purchased 43 acres of the farm he now owns, and
afterwards purchased 40 more. They have had
five children, Ellen, Jennie, William, Milo and
George L., all are living. He is a member of Joe
Davis Post, No. 376, G. A. R, He has held the
office of Supervisor of Van Buren Township for
five years, and of Town Treasurer for two years.

Almeron Delaney, of Van Buren, was born
in Parma, Monroe Co., N. Y., Feb. 24, 1825. His
parents, John W. and Matilda (Parker) Delany,
came to Michigan, with five children, Oct. 28, 1829,
settling in Van Buren. Matilda^died in April, 1884,
aged 79; John W. died July, 1889, aged 85. Dec.
17, 1848, Almeron married Betsey Corkins, of Van
Buren. Betsey was born Feb. 5, 1827. Her par-
ents, Warriner and Roxana Corkins, came from
New York State in a boat of their own construc-
tion, landing at Detroit in 1822. They lived in De-
troit 10 years, then settled in Van Buren. Rox-
ana died in 1878 aged 75 ; Warriner died in 1873,
aged 80 years. Betsey (Corkins) Delany died May
II, 1888. Seven children were born to them. Rox-
ana, born Aug. 25, 1850; Alzina, born Jan. 7,
1852; John H., born Sept. 15, 1854; Almeron F.,
born Nov. i, 1856, died Sept. 15, i860; Lafayette,
born Oct. 12, 1858, died Feb. 5, 1862; Betsey A.,
born Nov. 10, i860; Flora J., born Jan. 11, 1868.
They are members of the Tyler Street Baptist So-
ciety of Van Buren.

Mrs. Maria (Gould) Denton, of Denton,
Wayne Co., Mich., was born in Stafford, N. Y.,
July 13, 1 8 19. Her parents came to Michigan,
when she was 16 years old, locating in Monroe
Co., Mich. Jan. zS, 1841, she was married to Sam-
uel Y. Denton, of Milan, Monroe Co., Mich. Sam-
uel was born in North East, Penn,, Sept. 23, 1817.
They remained in Milan one year, then went to
Ypsilanti, where they lived for five years. In 1 847
they came to Van Buren Township and purchased
the mill and 10 acres of ground, near the M. C. R.
R. track. He was appointed agent for the M. C.
R. R. Co., at Denton, which position he held for
over 30 years. Through his influence the railroad
company located side tracks and he secured the
changing of the post-office from South Plymouth
to tile place where Denton now is, the place being
named in his honor. Samuel Y. died March 28,
1880. They have had five chidren, Mary L , born

March 20, 1842, died Oct. 6, 1863; Harriet L.,
born in 1846, and died April 3, 1881 ; Ella M., born
1849; Katie J., born in 1851 ; Chas. S., born in
1853, and died in 1855.

Mr. H. L. Dolbee, of Van Buren, was born
in Augusta, Mich.. March 20, 1854. His parents,
John and Elizabeth Dolbee, came to Michigan from
New York State, in 1830, locating in Augusta, and
are still living in that township. August 27, 1882,
Mr. Dolbee married Alice Reddin, of Augusta,
Mich. Alice was born in Canada, Sept. 9, 1866,
After his marriage he lived in Augusta for two
years, then moved to Exeter, Monroe Co., Mich,
remaining there until the spring of 1 888, when he
came to Van Buren Township and purchased 80
acres of land. By trade he is a basket-maker.
They have two children, Myrtle, born Jan 25,
1886, and Bertha, born March 10, 1888.

Mrs. Ann Drayton, widow of William Dray-
ton, of Van Buren Township, was born in England,
Feb. 4, 181 5. Her maiden name was Wilcox.
She married Wm. Drayton in England, Nov. 6,
1839. In 1 85 1 they left England for the United
States, settling in New York City. In 1857 they
came to Wayne Co., Mich. William Drayton died
Sept. 22, 1859, aged 50 years. Seven children
were born to them, Mary Ellen, William, Thomas,
John, Joseph, Veronica, and George. Thomas and
George are dead.

Joseph C. Drayton, of Van Buren, was born
in Geneva, Ontario Co., N. Y„ Feb 26, 1855. His
parents, William and Martha Ann (Wilcox) Dray-
ton, were English people, coming to the United
States in 1848. Joseph's parents came to Van
Buren Township in 1859. William Drayton died
in the fall of 1859, aged 55 years. Joseph C. re-
mained at home until he was 17 years old, then
began for himself. Dec. 21, 1879, he married Ella
C. Leonard, of Van Buren. Ella was born in Van
Buren, Wayne Co., Mich, Oct. 12, 1862. Her
parents, Thomas and Julia Leonard, were New
York people, coming to Van Buren in 1844. Mr.
and Mrs. Drayton have had two children, Charlie
v., born July 22," 1882, died Sept. 5, 1884 ; George
O., born July 14, 1886.

William H. Dunham, of Van Buren, was
born in New York City, May i, 1849. He followed
gardening for a few years, then was employed in
the Herring Safe Manufactory. When the war
broke out he engaged in manufacturing cartridges
for the United States Government. Jn the spring
of 1 87 1 he came to Van Buren, Wayne Co., Mich.
February 22, 1872, he married Annie L. Post, of
Van Buren. Annie (Post) Dunham was born in
Van Buren, Mich., June 2, 1854. Her parents
were Jacob and Leah Post, and were from New
York, coming to Michigan at an early day. Her

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

1463

father is living; her mother died Nov., 1879. aged
54. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham have two children,
Harry W., born July 3F, 1876, and Serena L., born
Aug. 7. 1884.

Amzi C. Dunlap, of Van Buren, was born in
Allegany Co. N. Y., Jan 28, 1832. He, with his
parents, William and Elizabeth Dunlap. came to
Michigan, locating in Oakland Co., in 1839. Wil-
liam died in 1858, aged 56 years; Elizabeth died
in 1869, aged 70 years Jan. 19, 1854, Amzi mar-
ried Elizabeth Giggie, of Van Buren. Mich. Eliza-
beth was born in Ypsilanti, June 26, 1835. She
died March 7, 1875 The children were, Walter,
born Sept. 9, 1855; Eva, born Jan. 4, 1858;
Thomas L., born April 9, 1861, and died Dec. 28,
1864, and William born June 27, 1868. February
I, 1877, Amzi married Aurilla E. Cook, of Canton.
Aurilla was born in Augusta, Mich., April 6,. 1849.
They have two children, Clyde C, born Jan. 22,
1879; Claude L., born Aug. 7, 1883 They are
members of the M. E. Church, of Denton.

George Durham, of Van Buren, was born in
New Castle Co., Delaware, Jan. 14, 1829. He
came to Michigan in 1834, to Van Buren Township.
Feb. 14, 1850, he married Ann Harman. She was
born in Philadelpha, Penn , in 1 830. They have
ten children, Nathaniel, Josephine. Mary, Lizzie,
Maggie, Ann, George H., Elias, Sarah Jane, and
Charles A. Nathaniel died in 1867. They are
members of the M. E. Church, of Denton. He
has 40 acres of fine land under a high state of
cultivation.

Clarissa (Miller) Edmonds, of Van Buren,
was born in Walworth, N. Y., Nov. 15, 1827.
Her parents, Horace and Clarissa (Rawson) Miller,
came to Michigan in 1835, locating in Van Buren,
Mich. Clarissa Miller married Isaac Bush, of Van
Buren, Dec. 29, 1852. Isaac Bush came to Michi-
gan in 1 83 1, and died in 1856, aged 49. July 4,
i860, Clarissa Bush married Palmer Tdmonds, of
Gloversville, N. Y. Palmer was born in Glovers-
ville, N. Y., Jan. i, 1810. In the fall of i86r. Pal-
mer and wife located in Van Buren, Wayne Co.
Mich., on the farm, a part of which Clarissa now
owns. Palmer Edmonds died April 23, 1885.

George Elwell, of Van Buren, was born on
Squams Island near the mouth of the Kennebeck
River, Maine, Dec. 19, 1810. He came to Sump-
ter Township in the spring of 1834, locating land
on Section 5 of that town. He then returned to
New York State, and on Nov. 24, 1834, married
Lucy Curtiss, of Clarkson, Monroe Co., N. Y.
Lucy (Curtiss) Elwell was born in June, 1818. In
the spring of 1835 they returned to Wayne Co.,
Mich. By this marriage there were four children.
Joseph, George, Rhoda. Delia. Lucy (Curtiss) El-
well died in Feb., 1849, and in Jan., 1850, George

Elwell married Abbie Sumner of Ypsilanti. Abbie
(Sumner) Elwell was born in Rochester, N. Y.,
June 27. 1 82 1. Abbie's grandfather was a soldier
in the Revolutionry War, and her father fought in
the Warof 1812. Joseph, son of George Elwell, en-
listed in the 9th Mich. Infantry in Dec, 1862, and
served throughout the Rebellion. They are mem-
bers of the Baptist Church. There are 108 acres in
the home farm.

Harry E. Ford, of Van Buren Towmship
proprietor of Butternut Creek Flouring and Lumber
Mills, was born in Belleville. Wayne Co., Mich.,
Oct. 17, 1863. His parents, Charles M. and Alvira
(Cutler; Ford, are Michigan people, his father be-
ing born in Wayne Co. Harry learned his trade,
that of flour milling, of his father. After finish-
ing his trade Harry went to Rochester, N. Y., and
engaged at his trade there. In 1884 his father
purchased the Butternut Creek Mills and in the fall
of 1886 came to take charge and assume pro-
prietorship. Dec. 25, 1886, Harry E married Eda
A. Randall, of Martinsville, Sumpter Township,
Wayne Co., Mich. Eda (Randall) Ford was born
in Sumpter, Mich., Dec 3. 1865. Her parents,
Stephen and Helen (Martin) Randall, are farmers,
and are still living in Sumpter. They manufacture
5.000 barrels of flour per year, besides doing exten-
sive custom flouring and feed grinding. The lum-
ber department turns out 200,000 feet of lumber.
They have turning lathes and lumber planers, and
manufacture window-casings and do all kinds of
turning. Charles M., Jr., brother of Harry E., is
an assistant, and is interested with Harry E. in the
milling business.

Charles L. Freeman, of Van Buren Town-
ship, was born in LeRoy, Ingham Co., Mich.,
March 24, 1851. His parents, Daniel and Maria
(Hall) Freeman, were New York people, and came
to Michigan in 1848. They settled in Wayne Co.
in i860. Maria (Hall) Freeman died May 10, 1884,
aged 57 years; Daniel is still living and in Califor-
nia. Charles L. married Mary M. Hosmer, of
Sumpter, Wayne Co., March i, 1871. Mary (Hos-
mer) Freeman was born in Sumpter, Aug 5, 1851.
Charles L. was engaged in general merchandise in
West Sumpter three and a half years, and was one
year in the same business at Belleville. He held
the office of Constable of Sumpter Township for
five years, Deputy Sheriff under Sheriff Sexton
four years, and has been Constable of Van Buren
one year. They have one child, Milo E.. born
Aug. 26. 1873. He is a member of F. & A. M.,
No. 89, of Belleville.

Newell J. Freeman, of Van Buren, was born
in Van Buren Township, Dec. 10, 1848. His parents,
Asher and Louisa Freeman came to Van Buren
Township from New York in 1 831, locating and

1464

PERSONAL SKETCHES -VAN BUREN.

living on the farm he owned until his death in Dec,
1886, aged 61. Louisa is living in Northville, Mich.,
with her daughter, Mrs. Hartwick. Newell was
married to Jennie Gorham, of Denton, Wayne Co.,
Mich., July 4, 1871. Jennie was born in Romulus,
Mich., Dec. 5, 1852. Her parents, Anson and
Laura Gorham, came from New York, and are liv-
ing in Wayne County. In 1878 Newell went to
Detroit and engaged in cabinet work, being em-
ployed at 35 Woodbridge Street East. He re-
mained fourteen months when he returned to his
farm. They have one child, Charles Anson, born
March 30, 1874.

George R. Fuller, of Van Buren Township,
was born in Norfolk, Eng., Oct. 12, 1844, and came
to America in 1865. In 1876 he purchased the
farm he now owns. December 9, 1877, he married
Kate Pappiate, of Ypsilanti. Kate was born in
Eng., Nov. I, 1842, and came to America in 1869.
Remble Fuller, father of George R., came to Amer-
ica in 1867, and has since made his home with his
son. Remble was born in England, March 25,
181 7. They are members of the M. E. Church, of
Belleville. The farm contains 40 acres, all under
highest state of cultivation possible.

William A. Haak, of Belleville, Mich., was
born in Hamburg, Germany, Jan. 12, 1845, and
came to America with his parents in January, 1854,
they locating in New Haven, Conn. Nov. 28, 1864,
he married Barbara Hegel, of New Haven, Conn.
Barbara (Hegel) Haak was born in Wurtenburg,
Germany, Sept. 26, 1847, and came to America in
1854 with her parents, they settling in New Haven,
Conn. Mr. Haak and his family came to Michigan
in 1868, locating in Belleville, Wayne Co., Mich.
Ini87i,hewas elected Township Clerk, of Van
Buren Township, and held the office as such for 1 5
consecutive years. He was elected Justice of the
Peace of the township in 1859, to fill vacancy, serv-
ing the unexpired time of the term. He is engaged
in real estate and insurance business, and is also a
Notary Public. There are five children in the family,
Charlotte M., born April 17, 1866; Emily W,. born
Sept. 18, 1867; Cora B., born Jan. 7, 1869; F.
William, born April 14, 1871 ; Katie M., born
March 3, 1874.

Christopher Hasselbach, Jr., of Van Buren,
was born in Germany, July 7, 1844. He, with his
parents, came to America in 1852. July 3, 1852,
they came to Canton Township, Wayne Co. His
father, Christopher Hasselbach, died in March, 1879,
aged 80 years. Julia A., his mother, is still living
in Detroit, with her daughter, Mrs. Andrew Lauppe.
Oct. 21, 1867, Christopher married Flora M. Con-
viss, of Van Buren. Flora M. was born in Van
Buren, Nov. 13, 1851. Her parents, Garel and
Mahaley Conviss, were Eastern people, settling in

Wayne Co. in 1835. Her father died March 5, 1884.
aged 63 years. Eight children were born to thenj,
Christopher B., born Sept. ir, 1868; Lura H., born
May 25, 1870; George R., born Feb. 21, 1872;
Frank W., born March 2, 1875; Jacob A., born
March 4. 1876 ; Ralph A., born Sept. 25, 1878; Julia
M., born Feb. 7. 1881, and died Oct. 8, 1881 ; Flora
M., born Jan. 6, 1883. Christopher is a Mason, and
has been Road Commissioner for a number of years.
He has a still for distilling mint oil. He was chair-
man of the building committee of the Tyler Street
Church, of Van Buren, and is the only one of the
first Board of Control who is living. He farms 1 50
acres.

Alvah S. Hill, of Van Buren, was born in
Essex Co., N. ¥., Feb. 29, 1827. While living in
New York he engaged in jobbing and manufactur-
ing lumber. Jan. 5, 1852, he married Martha A.
Veilie, of Steuben Co., N. Y. Martha was born in
1829. They have had two children, Sarah, born in
1853, and died in 1883, and Frank, born in 1855.
Alvah and family came to Michigan in 1856, locat-
ing in Canton. Aug. 5, 1862, he enlisted in Co. C,
24th Michigan Volunteer Infantry, as a private. He
was wounded at the battle of Gettysburgh ; was
with General Grant until Sept., 1864. Again, at the
battle of Petersburg, he was wounded, and on Dec.
6, 1864, was promoted to Regimental Color Ser-
geant, and held that position until discharged in
July, 1865. He returned to Canton, Mich., and
engaged in lumbering. In the spring of 1881 he
engaged in the grocery business at Inkster's, living
there until 1885, when he sold out and engaged in
farming in Van Buren. Three children were born
after the war, Charlie, Jennie, and Mary. Charlie
died in 1881, and Jennie died in February, 1884.
Martha (Veilie) Hill died in September, 1884. In
September, 1885, Alvah married Mrs. Frances Mils-
paugh, of Van Buren. She was born in 1838. They
are members of the M. E. Church of Canton. Alvah
is a member of Corey Post, G. A. R., of Wayne.

Mrs. Hannah L. Horner, widow of Clark
Horner, was born in Barry, Orleans Co., N. Y.,
February 24, 181 3. Her parents were Gideon and
Welthy Freeman. April 26, 1832, Hannah L. Free-
man married Clark Horner, of Orleans Co., N. Y,
Clark Horner was born in Dryden, N. Y., Dec. 5,
1808. In May, 1832, he and his wife came to
Huron Township (afterwards Van Buren), Mich,
where he had purchased 80 acres of land from the
United States Government, in 1831. In 1835 a
Methodist class was formed at his house, being the
first organization towards a church in the township.
The first to meet were I. C. Moon and wife, A.
Parks and wife, C. Horner and wife, and Ann Free-
man. Mr. Horner served as steward of the M. E.
Church of Canton for over 40 years. Two children

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

1465

were born to them. William K., born April 17, 1833,
and Harriet, born Sept. 22, 1835. Harriet married
Reuben Corey, March 4, 1862, and died Jan. 12,

1863. Anson R. was Harriet's only child, born Dec.
26, 1862, and died Feb. 12, 1863. Reuben Corey
enlisted in Co. H, 24th Mich. Infantry, in Aug. 1862,
and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness, in

1864. Clark Horner died Nov. 18, 1886, aged 'j^,
Mrs. Horner has a farm of 40 acres in Van Buren,
also two and a half acres in Denton. She has been
a member of the M. E. Church of Denton since its
organization.

Mrs. Rhoda C. Horner, of Van Buren, widow
of John B. Horner, was born in Collins, Erie Co.,
N. Y., Aug. 22, 1822. Her maiden name was Reed.
She was married to John B. Horner, Nov. 5, 1843.
John B. was born in New York State, Feb. 4, 181 8.
He came to Michigan in 1832, and located 46 acres
of land in Van Buren, and kept adding to it until, at
his death, he had 314 acres in one body. He died
Sept. 10, 1885. Two children were born to them,
Sarah Ellen, born Aug. 5, 1848, and married to John
B. Goundry, of Van Buren, and Emma May. born
Sept. 14, 1862, and married to Thomas M. Lucking,
of Ypsilanti. Thomas and wife reside with Mrs.
Horner upon the old homestead, which, since the
division made to Sarah Ellen, contains 140 acres.

William K. Horner, of Van Buren, was born
in Van Buren, on the farm he now owns, April 17.
1833. His parents, Clark and Hannah L. Horner,
came from New York State in 1832, locating in Van
Buren Township, upon 80 acres of land Clark
Horner had purchased in 1831. Clark Horner died
Nov. 18, 1886, aged "j"] years. May 5, 1856, William
K. married Esther Lamkin, of Exeter, Monroe Co.,
Mich. Esther was born Aug. 14, 1838. They have
had five children. Delia, born Feb. 4, 1857, and
died Feb. 12, 1858; Mary, born Aug. 14, 1859;
Esther M., born November i, 1861 : Hattie L. and
Clara B.

Harvey R. Hubbard, of Van Buren Township,
was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., Oct. 16, 1807,
and came to Michigan in 1817, locating in Detroit,
then to Section 16 of Huron Township. He married
Rosinah Wright, of Romulus, Mich., July 4, 1839.
Rosinah was born Nov. 29, 1819. They have had
II children, John, James N. C , George F., Letitia,
Lavina, Gilbert, Hartwell and Harvey, twins, Theo-
dore, Eliza E., and Sarah. Those that have died
are George F., John and Harvey.

Alfred Jackson, proprietor of the Arlington
Hotel of Belleville, 'Wayne Co., Mich., was born in
England, Oct. 26, 1854. His parents, Thomas and
Sarah (Towler) Jackson, came to America in 1855,
locating in Rawsonville, Mich. Alfred remained at
home, working with his father upon the farm which
he purchased in Van Buren, in 186 1, until the spring

of 1874. Sarah (Towler) Jackson died in 1884. aged
72 years. Thomas is still living with Alfred. Nov.
26, 1874, Alfred married Hattie Thompson, of
Ypsilanti, Mich. Hattie was born in Van Buren,
Mich., July 6, 1854. Her parents, William and
Charlotte Thompson, were English people, coming
to America in 1851. Charlotte died in 1873, aged
56. William is still living. After his marriage
Alfred purchased the farm of his father, remaining
there until 1886, when he moved to Belleville. In
March, 1888, he purchased the Arlington Hotel,
and began life as a landlord. Their only child,
Charlie, was born Sept. 8, 1884.

Isaac Jewel, of Van Buren, was born in Wayne
Co., N. Y., Oct. 24, 1842. He, with his parents,
came to Michigan in 1844. In 1851 they moved to
the farm Isaac is now on. May 5, 1861, Isaac mar-
ried Elizabeth Daugherty, of Canada. Elizabeth
was born Sept. 14, 1841. Isaac enlisted in the 7th
Mich. Cavalry, in Feb., 1862. During the threshing
season he operates two threshers of his own. They
have five children, John C, born Jan. 9, 1862 ; Isaac
L., born June i, 1863; Betsey E., born Aug. 6,
1865; Clarence D., born Oct. 23, 1868; and AsaW.,
born Aug. 14, 1874, His father, Daniel Jewel, died
July 21, 1868, aged 52 years.

Henry B. Johnson, of Van Buren, was born
in Raisinville, Monroe Co., Mich., July 29, 1841.
His parents, Jacob K. and Deidama (Frasier) John-
son, came to Michigan in 1830. Jacob K. died in
1 85 1, aged 60 years ; Deidama died in 1872, aged 55
years. Aug. 5. 1861, Henry B. enlisted in Co. K,
1st Michigan Infantry. He was made a prisoner at
the battle of Gaines's Mill, in June, 1862, and held
for dj days, being confined at Libby and Belle
Island, and again, on July 2, 1863, at the battle of
Gettysburgh, being held until he made his escape.
He was discharged Aug. 7, 1864, by reason of ex-
piration of enlistment. He returned to Wayne Co.
and engaged in farming. July 4, 1865, he married
Elizabeth L. Hurd, of Huron, Wayne Co., Mich.
Elizabeth was born in Van Buren, Nov. 13, 1848.
They have 10 children, Mary L., Oliver E.. Sarah E.,
Norman B., William, Caroline, Charles, Emma May,
Mabel, and a baby.

John Joslin, of Van Buren, was born in Noble,
Noble Co., Ind., Feb. 14, 1844. His parents, John
M. and Fannie (Arnold) Joslin, located in Detroit in
1847. When John was 13 years old he began for
himself, selling papers in Detroit. When 18, he
went into the country to work at farming. Feb.
22, 1867, he married Mary Spear, of Van Buren.
Mary was born July 1 5, 1 844. Her parents. Joseph
and Rachel (Post) Spear, are yet living. Mr. and
Mrs. Joslin have three children, Francis, born Oct.
22, 1869; Jennie, born Sept. 15, 1872; Bertha, born
Dec. 21, 1873. The family are members of the

1466

PERSONAL SKETCHES-VAN BUREN.

Tyler Street M. E. Church of Van Buren. Mr. Joslin
is a member of the A. O. U. W. of Sheldens.

Isaac Leonard, of Van Buren, was born in
Washington Co., N. Y., Sept. 21, 1818. In
1 841, he married Susan Anderson, of New York
State. Susan was born in 1820, and died in 1843.
In 1844 he married Mary B. Anderson. Mary was
born in 1824. In 1855 he came to Michigan and
purchased 40 acres of wild land. He made the
first clearing, and has erected substantial buildings.
The farm is under a high state of cultivation, and
Mr. Leonard and wife are in circumstances of com-
fort and ease. They have no children.

Charles L. LeRay, wagon and carriage
manufacturer and photographer of Belleville, Mich.^
was born June 27, 1867. His parents, Joseph and
Roxana LeRay, were Eastern people, coming to
Van Buren, Wayne Co., Mich., in 1873. In 1875
his parents moved to Belleville, his father opening
a wagon shop. In 1878, his father formed a co-
partnership with Charles Whipple and they estab-
lished a general wagon and blacksmithing works.
Charles L. began his trade in 1884. In 1886 he
purchased Mr. Whipple's interest in the works, and
in 1887 learned the Photographer's trade, fitting up
rooms and putting in the latest improvements. He
has a good business established.

James McGough, of Van Buren, was born in
Scotland, Jan. 13, 1844, and came to the United
States in 1845. In 1866 James moved to Detroit,
Mich. In March, 1882, he married Mrs. Mary
(Livernois) Busha, of Greenfield, Wayne Co., Mich.
Mary was born in Springwells, in March, 1845.
Mrs. Busha is the mother of six children, named
Busha, Daniel, George, Emily, and Frances. Em-
ily and George died when infants and George W.,
died when 1 1 months old. Joseph was born Oct. 16,
1878, and is with his stepfather. Mr. and Mrs. Mc-
Gough have had three children, Peter, who died when
an infant; Mary Ann, born Dec. 29, 1884; Lottie,
who died when an infant. Mr. McGough farms 100
acres.

Robert H. McKinstry, of Van Buren, a car-
penter and joiner and farmer, was born in Van
Buren, Wayne Co., Mich., Aug. 28, 1836. His
parents, Archie and Mary (Adams) McKinstry,
came to Michigan in 1834, taking up 80 acres of
land in Van Buren, Wayne Co., and living there
until their deaths. Archie died Oct. 23, 1884, aged
73; Mary died May 12, 1885, aged 75. Robert
lived at home until he was 21. He then learned
his trade. Oct. 16, 1863, he married Mary E.
Sitlington, of Canton, Mich. Mary w^as born in
Canton, Dec. i, 1843. Her parents were Henry
and Fanny Sitlington. Her mother is dead. Mr.
and Mrs. McKinstry have nine children, Henry R.,
born July 11, 1864; George, born Dec. 18, 1865;

Fred, born Dec. 23, 1867 ; Mary Ellen, born Sept.
25, 1869; Frank, born Sept. 23, 1871 ; Ira, born
May 22, 1875; Ervin, born May 14, 1878; Elsie,
born April 9, 1880; Steve, born Aug. 5, 1884. Ira
died July 22, 1876. The rest are living. Mr. Mc-
Kinstry is a member of Myrtle Lodge, No. 89, F.
& A. M., of Belleville.

William H. McKinstry, of Van Buren, was
born in Van Buren, April i. 1841. His parents,
Hugh and Betsey McKinstry, came to Van Buren
in 1834, and took up 80 acres of land from the
government. Hugh died in 1854, aged 54 years.
Betsey died in 1885, aged 86. William H. owns the
farm his father took from the government. His par-
ents lived with him until their death. The farm is
under a high state of cultivation. He has five
barns and outbuildings, the house being recently
built. Mr. McKinstry is a member of the M. E.
Church, of Sheldon's Corners.

Jonathan Miller, of Van Buren, was born
in Walworth, Wayne Co., N. Y., Dec. i, i82r.
His parents, Horace and Clarissa (Rawson) Miller,
with a family, came to Wayne Co., Mich., in 1835.
October 15, 1848, he married Eliza Wylie, of Van
Buren, Eliza was born in Augusta, Mich , Oct. 15,
1833. He has always been engaged in farming.
They have seven children, Dora, Nora, I eafy.
Willa J., Elmer and Bertha. Nora died Nov. u,
1886. Eliza (Wylie) Miller died March 11, 1888.

Mrs. Isabella Mott, of Van Buren, widow
of Adam R. Mott, was born in Delaware Co.. N.
Y., Oct. 10, 1826. Her parents, Henry and Jean-
nette (Crawford) Robson. came to America from
England, in 181 8. Henry and wife and four chil-
dren came to Van Buren Township, Michigan, in
1 83 1. Jeannette died in 1877, aged 74 ; Henry died
in 1880 aged 76. Isabella Robson married Ezra
Francisco, of Van Buren, Mich., Feb 13, 1855.
Ezra was born in New York, July 14, 1829. Two
children were born, Robert H., born Oct. 19, 1855 ;
Belle, born July 22, 1857; both are living. Ezra
died Oct. 11, 1859 October 11. 1863, Mrs. Isa-
bella Francisco married Adam R. Mott, of Canton,
Mich. Adam was born in Massachusetts, Sept. 25,
1807. He came to Van Buren Township, Michi-
gan, in 1834. By this marriage one child, Blanche,
was born, Oct. 30, 1 868, Adam R. Mott died March
II, 1886. Robert H. Robson. son of Isabella Mott,
married Ann Fuller, of Canton, Mich., Oct. 24.
1877. Ann was born Feb. 21, 1854. They have
four children, Maud, born Sept. 5, 1879; David
Ezra, born Jan. 3 1881 ; Aristeen, born May 9'
1885 ; Guy. born April 10, 1888.

John L. Nowlin, of Van Buren Township,
was born in Dearborn, Wayne Co., Mich.. April
29, 1858, and is a son of Michael Nowlin. He at-
tended school at Ypsilanti, seven years. October

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

1467

17, 1883, he married Hattie L. Horner, of Van
Buren. Hattie (Horner) Nowlin was born in Van
Buren Township, Oct. 14. 1866. John's farm con-
tains 48 acres.

Michael Nowlin, of Van Buren was born in
Kent, Dutchess Co., N. Y., July 18, 18 16. His
parents were James and Catherine Nowlin. Cath-
eaine died in 1846, aged 58 years. James died in
1864, aged 89 years. January 6, 1849, Michael
married Sarah Nowlin, of Dearborn, Mich. Sarah
was born in Kent, Duchess Co., N. Y,, Oct. 27,
1825. Her parents were John and Lorinda Now-
lin. John died in 1869, aged 76 years. Lorinda
died in 1873, ^S^^ 7^ years. Michael came to
Michigan in 1835, locating in Macomb Co. In
1859 he came to Dearborn, Wayne Co.. and re-
mained there until 1868, then going to Ypsilanti for
the purpose of educating his children. In 1875 he
moved to Van Buren, where he has since resided.
They have four children, Laura Ann, born March
20, 1851 ; Mary, born Nov. 23, 1852; Laura A.,
born Feb. 17, 1855 ; John L.. born April 29, 1858.

Ov^EN Owens, of Van Buren, was born in
Floyd, N. Y., Sept. 22, 1830, and came to Michi-
gan in 1845, working his way from the East. He
located in Van Buren Township, and remained
here until the breaking out of the rebellion. Aug-
ust 24, 1 861, he enlisted in Co. I, nth Mich. Vol-
unteer Infantry, as a private. He was afterward
detailed as teamster. He went with the regiment
and remained with it until his discharge in the fall
of 1864. February 18, 1865, Owen married Char-
ity Jewell, of Sumpter, Mich. Charity w^as born in
Rose, Wayne Co., N. Y., Dec. 27, 1844. Her
people came to Michigan in 1846. Mr. Owen came
to Van Buren in 1867, and has since resided here.
They have two children, Idella, born Feb. 14, 1874,
and Milo, born April 6, 1877.

Rev. David J. Parker, of Van Buren, Wayne
Co., Mich., was born in Parma, Monroe Co., N. Y.,
Feb. 20, 1822. His father's name was John
Parker. He died Jan. 20, 1858, aged 80 years.
His mother's maiden name was Mercy Tyler. She
died May 2, 1842, aged 56 years. Mr. Parker came
to Detroit on the old steamer, Chesapeake, May 6
1839 and located on his present farm in Oct. 1839.
He married Jerusha P. Savage on March 23. 1842.
She was born in Charlotte Township, Chautauqua
Co., N. Y., on May 15, 1824. Her father, Minor
Savage, died in Jan., 1861, aged 71 years. Her moth-
er's maiden name was Clarissa Dunham ; she died
in August, 1869, aged 76 years. Mr. Parker com-
menced his ministry, in December, 1853. His wife
died July 23, 1855, aged 31 years, and he mar-
ried Amanda Savage, his wife's sister, on Dec. 12,
1855. She was born in Charlotte, Chautauqua Co..
N. Y.. April 28, 1826. Mr. Parker was ordained

to the work of the ministry by an ecclesiastical
council composed of delegates from Baptist
Churches. Rev, M. Allen, of Detroit, was Modera-
tor, and Rev, S. Cornelius, of Detroit, clerk of said
council, which convened at the house of Henry
Peters, in Ash, Monroe Co., Mich. May 19, 1857.
Mr. Parker was pastor of the Baptist church of
Ash for 12 years. The church is reorganized and
is now the Baptist church, of Flat Rock, Mich. In
1847-8 he preached at Monroe City, and has been
a pioneer preacher or self-appointed missionary,
preaching in school-houses in the following town-
ships : Huron, Romulus, Brownstown, Taylor,
Sumpter, and Van Buren, and in Berlin, Monroe
County. He was pastor of the Baptist Church
of New Boston, Mich., from Sept. 16, 1871. His
second wife died Jan. 7, 1887, aged 60 years. He
married his third wife, Mrs. Emma J. Savage,
widow of Cornelius D. Savage, who was a brother
of his first and second wife, on June 1, 1887. Her
maiden name was Emma Jane Blanchard. She
was born in Penn Yan, N. Y., on April 11, 1840-
Her father's name was Gabriel Blanchard ; her
mother's maiden name was Hannah M. Henry;
both deceased. Mr. Parker has had five children,
David A., died Aug. 23, 1843, aged two years.
Frank F., is at Caldwell, Bois Co., Idaho. Dr A.
J. Parker is a physician in Caro. Two daughters
live near Wahjamega, Tuscola Co., Mich.

Mrs. Lucy A. Read, of Van Buren, was born
in New York State, Aug. 12, 1830. She married
Henry Punches, of Van Buren, Nov. 15, 1847. He
came to Michigan in 1832, taking up 80 acres of
land from the government. They had eight chil-
dren. Mr. Punches died April 10, 1871, and on
Aug. 2, 1872, Mrs. Punches married Richard Read,
who died in Oct., 1873. Her farm contains 120 acres,

William Renton is a native of Scotland, being
born in Innerwick, June, 1824. He came to
America in 1850, and lived in Geneva, N. Y., until
1853, when he settled in Van Buren Township, on
a splendid farm of 200 acres. He married Agnes
Greig in Detroit, March 4, 1861. She is also a
native of Scotland. They have had nine children,
seven of whom are now living, viz.: Andrew T.,
Elizabeth, David G., Jessie R., William O., Belle
and Theodore W. Mr. R. cast his first vote for
Abraham Lincoln, and has continued with the
Republican party since then.

Frank E. Riggs, son of Loren and Frances A.
Riggs, was born in Van Buren Township, Wayne
Co., Mich., June 25, 1859. He was married to Ella
T. Rappleye, of Van Buren, Mich., Aug. 16, 1878.
Ella T., was born July 23. i860. Her parents,
Jonas L. and Mary (Freeman) Rappleye, came to
Wayne Co., Mich , in 1853. In 1885 Frank E. was
engaged in the meat business in Milan, Monroe

1468

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

Co., Mich. In the spring of 1887 he returned to
the farm he now owns, and has been engaged in
farming. They have 3 children, Clarence born
May 29, 1880; Roy, born March 20, 1883; May,
born May 10, 1886.

Gilbert Riggs, of Van Buren Township, was
born in Lyons, Wayne Co., N. Y., Jan. 2, 1822. He
came with his parents, Peter and Harriet (Dunham)
Riggs, to Wayne Co., Mich., in 1836. Gilbert Riggs
married Marion H. Ely, of Van Buren Township,
Sept. 6. 1852. Marion (Ely) Riggs was born in Ot-
sego Co., N. Y., Aug. 21, 1828. Their children are,
Charles F., born Aug. i, 1855 ; Lizzie M., born Dec.
I3» 1857 ; George W., born Dec. 6, i860; John A.,
born April 7*, 1863; and Willard N., born Sept. 30,
1865. George W., died June 14, 1861, and Willard
G., died Sept. 18, 1868. Marion (Ely) Riggs died
Sept, 1, 1868. On March i, 1869, Gilbert Riggs mar-
ried Frances (Averill) Babcock, of Canandaigua,
N.Y. Frances was born in Palmyra, N. Y„ Feb. 27,
1829. Charles F., son of Gilbert Riggs, is married
to Adele Rappleye, and lives in Superior, Washte-
naw Co.

Gilbert's farm contains 193 acres. They are
members of the M. E. Church, of Belleville. His
mother, Harriet, died April 14, 1862, aged 69
years; his father, Peter, died May 5, 1863, aged 86
years.

Hiram Riggs, of Van Buren Township, was
born in EUery, Chautauqua Co,, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1827.
He came to Wayne Co., with his parents, Peter and
Harriet (Dunham) Riggs in 1832. Aug. 10, 1870, he
married Mary A. House, of Ann Arbor. Mary
(House) Riggs was born in Gayland, Wayne Co.,
N. Y., June 30, 1844. Her parents, Samuel and
Ophelia (Mitchell) House, came to Washtenaw Co.,
Mich., in the fall of 1844. They are still living in Ann
Arbor, Samuel aged 69 years in 1888, and Ophelia
aged 70 years in January, 1888. Hiram and Mary
Riggs have had three children, Ernest A., born
Jan. 29, 1874; Etta Ophelia, born Dec. 18, 1876,
and Burt Newell, born Dec. 30, 1878. Etta Ophe-
lia died Aug. 7, 1877. Mr. Riggs' farm contains
175 acres.

Mrs. Julia (Chrouch) Riggs, widow of Dun-
ham Riggs, was born in Collins, Erie Co., N. Y.,
June 7, 1839. Her parents, Raill and Anna (Clark)
Chrouch, came to Michigan in 1846, locating in
Wayne Co., near Dearborn. Anna (Clark) Chrouch
died in 1851, aged 43 years ; Raill Chrouch died in
1869, aged (>^ years. Julia Chrouch married Dun-
ham Riggs, June 1 5, 1 867. Dunham Riggs is a son
of Peter and Harriet (Dunham) Riggs, and was
born May 29, 1820, and died Dec. 29, 1885. They
had four children, R3^al P. D., born July 19, 1868;
Mary Grace, born May 27, 1870 ; James F. Joy, born

Oct. 5, 1873, and Hiram G., born Sept. 22, 1879.
Since his father's death, Ryal has superintended the
farm, which contains 213 acres.

LOREN Riggs, of Van Buren Township, was
born in Ellery, N. Y., April 14, 1824. He came to
Michigan with his parents, Peter and Harriet (Dun-
ham) Riggs, in 1836. Oct. 28, 1855, he married
Frances A. Ely, of Van Buren Township. Frances
(Ely) Riggs was born in Richfield, N. Y., July 2,

1834. They have had 5 children, Albert B., born
July 23, 1855 ; Frank E., born June 25, 1859; Effie
S., born Aug. 6, 1861 , Violet M., born Dec. 15,
1864, and Irving H., born March i, 1868. Effie S.,
died Aug. 29, 1864. The farm contains 100 acres.

William R. Riggs, of Van Buren Township,
was born in Erie Co., Penn., May 24, 1836, and
came to Michigan in 1 836 with his parents, Peter
and Harriet (Dunham) Riggs. March 4, 1869, he
married Ellen Burt, of Van Buren. Ellen (Burt)
Riggs was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 1 1, 1834,
and died Feb. 27, 1870. Jan. 7, 1873, William R.
married Harriet Bull, of Toronto, Ontario. Harriet
(Bull) Riggs was born in Toronto, Jan. 24, i853'
They have 5 children, Annie, born July 23, 1874;
Lina, born Aug. 4, 1876, Wilbert, born Sept. 15.
1878; Elmer, born June 10, 1881, and Amy, born
Nov. 19, 1883. The farm contains 160 acres.

Samuel Robbe, of Van Buren, was born in
Petersboro, New Hampshire, Aug. 11, 1806, and
came to Michigan in the fall of 1830, living first at
Detroit. In 1831 he located on the farm he now
owns in Van Buren, and April 4, 1832 was granted
a deed of the land, the deed being No. 4755. and
signed by Andrew Jackson, President of the United
States, Oct. 28, 1835, he married Hannah Hall, of
Detroit. Hannah was born in England, Aug. 14,
181 5. She came to America when 16 years old,
and located in Detroit. They have had seven chil-
dren, Alexander, born July 9, 1836 ; Annie ; Cicero,
born Sept. 23, 1841 ; Franklin; Mary Agnes, who
died when 3 years old ; Benjamin, born in 1 843,
and died Aug. 19, 1887 ; and Nellie. Hannah (Hall)
Robbe died April 26 1886. Cicero married Maria
Frain of Van Buren, Nov, 17, 1867. Maria (Frain)
Robbe was born in Van Buren June 7, 1847. Cicero
and Maria have two children, Katie Evelyn, born
March 9, 1870, and Samuel Henry, born Feb. 24,
1873. Samuel Robbe makes his home with Cicero.

EUROTAS M. ROBSON, of Van Buren, was born
in Van Buren on the farm (a part of which he now
owns), Dec. 15. 1847. His parents, Henry and
Jeannette Robson, were English people, coming to
America in 1818, and to Van Buren, Mich., in

1835. Henry was born in 1804 and died in 1880;
Jeannette was born in 1803, and died in 1877. Euro-
tas married Electa M. Young, of Van Buren, Mich.,

PERSONAL SKETCHES—VAN BUREN.

1469

Feb. 27, 1877. Electa was bom in Van Buren,
Dec. 22, 1853. Her parents, Oliver and Corinthia
Convis, were Eastern people, and are living in
Waterman, Conn. They have had two children,
George O., born March 8, 1873, and a baby, born
Nov. 18, 1884, living but nine days. His farm con-
tains 200 acres. He has been Treasurer of School
District No. 2 for four years.

James K. P. Robson, of Van Buren, was born
in Van Buren on the farm (a part of which he now
owns(, Jan. 8, 1845. His parents, Henry and Jean-
nette Robson, were English people, coming to Amer-
ica in 18 1 8, and to Van Buren Township in 1835.
Henry was born in 1804, and died in 1880. Jean-
nette was born in 1803, and died in 1877. On Feb.
5, 1874, James married Mary A. Voorheis, of Van
Buren. Mary was born in Van Buren, Mich., July
7, 1843. Her parents were Joseph and Lydia
(Lewis) Voorheis. Lydia died in 1847, aged 25;
Joseph died in 1881, aged 71. Mr. and Mrs. Rob-
son have two children, Carl L., born July 25, 1877,
and Ralph G., born July 25, 1879. His farm con-
tains 200 acres, and he has been Director of School
District No. 2, for three years.

Peter M. Rogers, of Rawsonville, was born
in Elbridge, Onondaga Co., N. Y., March 30,
1 812, and came to Michigan in 1834. locating in
Ypsilanti Township. He married Charlotte German,
of Ypsilanti, Sept. 27, 1 834. She was born in Greene,
N. Y., June 21, 18 17. She came to Michigan in
1 832. They have had six children, Admiral Nelson,
born July 27, 1836, died Oct. 26, 1836; Phebe
Carissa, born Dec. 12, 1836, died Nov. 6, 1838;
Square Abram, born Nov. 21, 1840, died June 12,
1852 ; Nelson Demetrius, born Sept. 20, 1843, died
Nov. 7, 1865; Square Abram, born Nov. 12, 1852.
Mr. Rogers farms 132 acres.

Daniel Round, of Van Buren, was born in
Vermont, Sept. 30, 1829. He came to Michigan in
the fall of 1850, and purchased land in Sumpter,
Wayne County. In the spring of 1851 he sold
out and returned to Vermont. July 5, 1852, he
married Percilla Phillips, of Vermont, daughter of
Josiah and Sally Phillips. Percilla was born in
1834. In 1853, he, with his wife, returned to Van
Buren and purchased the farm he now owns. By
this marriage he had one child, Ida L., born Nov.
20, 1859. Percilla (Phillips) Round died Oct. 31,
1867. Dec. 9, 1868, Daniel married Helena M.
Brown, of Van Buren, Mich. Helena was born in
Butternuts, Otsego Co., N. Y., April 29, 1832.
Her parents, Nathan and Lydia Brown, came to
Michigan in 1835, and settled in Van Buren Town-
ship. Nathan Brown died Nov. 16, i860, aged 59
years; Lydia Brown died Jan. 19, 1872.

William C. Rowe, of Van Buren, was born in

Cornwall, Eng., Sept. 5, 1842. He came to Amer-
ica in 1852 with his parents, Charles and Susan
Rowe, they locating in Detroit, where they still re-
side. William served three years at carpenter and
joiner work, and in i860 entered the employ of the
M. C. R. R. Co. as a day laborer and worked his way
up to general superintendent of shops. March 4,
1863, he married Ruth Bullock, of Detroit. She
was born in Plymouth, Michigan, Dec. 13. 1839.
She died Nov. 10, 1874. There were four children,
Hattie Maria, born May 22, 1866; Edward W.,
born March 13. 1868; Annie R., born April 9,
1870 ; Fred Charles, born June 16, 1872. Sept. 30,
1875, William married Lena Spaulding, she being
the widow of Benjamin R. Spaulding, who served
in the War with the South. She had four children,
Josephine, Charles H. and Cynthia. Charles H.,
died Dec. 19, 1877, aged nine years. The children
by this last marriage are Frank W., born May
16, 1878; Charles S„ born Sept. 30, 1884, died
Feb. 10, 1885; Susie A., born Nov. 3, 1885, died
Feb. 28, 1888. Mr. Rowe lost a leg by accident
upon railroad, but he attends to his farm and looks
after his property in Detroit, where he owns several
houses and lots.

Robert Ruffell, of Van Buren, was born in
Suffolk, England, July 17, 1827. Aug. 10, 1852, he
married Ann Pudney, of Great Clacton, Eng. Ann
Pudney was born in England, Aug. 31, 1826. July
9, 1870, they landed in Detroit. Sept. i, 1870, they
moved to Superior, where they lived for two years,
then living in Canton for five years. In 1879 they
purchased the farm they now own in Van Buren
Township, and have since resided here. They have
no children.

Daniel Savage, of Van Buren, was born in
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., May 13, 1827. He, with his
parents, came to Michigan in 1834. Daniel re-
mained at home until 1851, when he returned to
New York State. In 1852 he crossed the plains
for California and engaged in mining, remaining
thereuntil 1866, when he returned to Michigan,
coming by water. He purchased the farm he now
owns, and on Nov. 23, 1867, he married Mrs. Ma-
rion (Lindsay) Lefier, of Brownstown, Wayne Co.,
Mich. Marion (Lefier) Savage was born in Ply-
mouth, Mich., July 17, 1830. Mrs. Savage
had two children named Lefler, Bertha A., born
Sept. 13, i860, and Allen G., born Aug. 30, 1864.
Mr. and Mrs. Savage have had two children. John
Miner Savage, born Sept. 25, 1868, manages the
farm. One died in infancy.

William Obed Savage, farmer of Van Buren,
was born in Van Buren, Wayne Co., Mich., May
27, 1837. His parents. Miner and Clarissa Savage,
came to Wayne Co., Mich., in 1835. Oct. 24, i860,

I470

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

William married Jeannette Renton, of Van Buren,
Wayne Co , Mich. Jeannette (Renton) Savage was
born in Scotland, Feb 17, 1830. She came to
Michigan with her parents, Andrew and Agnes
Renton, in 1853, Agnes Renton died 1854, aged
52; Andrew Renton died 1877, aged 81. Mr. and
Mrs. Savage have three children, William O., born
July 16, 1861 ; James J., born Oct. ir, 1862, and
Frank W., born Jan 11, 1865. Mr. Savage farms
1 13 acres.

Albert Smith, of Canton, was born in Canton,
Wayne Co., Mich., Dec. 14, 1854. His parents,
William H. and Betsey (Smith) Smith, came to
Michigan, when children William purchased land
in Canton, Wayne Co., living here at the time of his
death, Dec. 12, i86r, aged thirty-one years, Albert
inherited the farm he now has, and began for him-
self when 21 years of age. April 29, 1882, he
married Ada M. Parkhurst, of Canton. Ada was
born in Appleton. Wis., July 24, 1864. Her par-
ents were James A. and Lorena Parkhurst. Mr.
and Mrs. Smith have one child. Lottie M., born
Jan. 28, 1887. Mr. S. is a member of the Grangers
and Good Templars has held the offices of Con-
stable, Township Treasurer, Director of Fractional
School District No. 2, of Canton and Van Buren
In 1878-9 he was engaged in general merchandise
business at Sheldon, Wayne Co., Mich.

Charles W. Smith, of Van Buren, was born
in Ypsilanti, Mich., Feb. 4 1842. His parents,
William and Sarah (Watts) Smith, came to Ame-
rica, from England in 1837, settling in Ypsilanti,
Mich , and engaging in farming. William died Oct.
1882, aged 74 years. His mother is still living. Feb.
21, 1 86 1, Charles W. married Elizabeth Eberle, of
Canada Elizabeth was born in Canada, July 6,
1842. They have had six children, Joseph, born
July 27, 1862; Ella, born Dec. 14 1863; Clarence,
born Dec. 12, 1865; Margaret, born July 2, 1868;
George, born May 24, 1872; Lawrence, born Jan.
7, 1879. Joseph died Feb. 9, 1863. Mr. Smith has
been School Assessor for six years, School Director
for nine years, and Constable for two years. In
April, 1 886, he was elected Justice of the Peace to
fill vacancy. His term expired in July, 1889.

ISHMAEL Smith, of Denton, Van Buren Town-
ship, was born in England, Jan. 10, 1828, came to
America in June, 1837, going to Ypsilanti, and
moved with his parents to Van Buren in 1842.
He remained with his father until 1851, giving his
earnings toward supporting the family. July 4,
1850, he married Honour Reynolds, of Augusta,
Mich, Honour was born in New York, Dec. 27,
1 83 1. In 1856 Ishmael engaged in milling at Den-
ton, and continued until 1887, when he sold the
mill to Myron G. Cotton. They have had 12 chil-

dren, William. Diana, Milford, Ishmael, Charles
E., Walter E , Sarah, Mary, Katie, Caroline, Nellie
and Bertha. Diana, Mary and Katie are dead.

William H. Smith, of Van Buren was born
in Ypsilanti, Mich., Jan. 31, 1831. His parents,
William and Sarah (Watts) Smith, were from Eng-
land, coming to America in 1837, William died
in Oct., 1882, aged 74 years. His mother is still
living. July i, 1858. William H. married Eliza-
beth Barton, of Van Buren, Mich. Elizabeth was
born in England, Nov. 5, 1838. Pier parents,
John and Jane Barton, came to Van Buren direct
from England, in Feb , 1855, and are still living in
Van Buren. William H. purchased 50 acres of
the farm he now owns in 1856, and after his
marriage they purchased 40 acres additional.
They have had 10 children, Charles H.. Walter,
Harriet, John, Clayton, Burton, William, Marcus,
Jesse and Jason. Those that are dead are Walter,
Marcus and Jason. In the spring of 1888, Mr.
Smith began the erection of a large and commo-
dious farm house, which was completed during that
year. The farm is under a high state of cultiva-
tion.

David Soop, of Van Buren Township, was
born in Seneca, New York, in April, 1826. He
with his parents, Abram and Maria (Spaun) Soop,
came to Van Buren in 1 832, his father locating Section
17, of Van Buren Township. Abram died June 25,
1 84 1, aged 47 years, from injuries received from a
runaway team. Maria died April 22, 1872, aged
77 years. May 15, 1848, David married Sarah L.
Root, of Ash, Monroe Co , Mich. Sarah was born
in Eaton, Madison Co., N. Y., Feb. 26, 1831. Her
mother, Hannah Root, died in 1872. Her father,
John Root, died in June, 1883, aged 89 years.
Abram Soop and David Dalrymple located the first
burial ground, of Van Buren, upon Abram Soop's
farm in 1832, and David Dalrymple was the first
buried in the grounds in Sept., 1883. They have
had 10 children, Franklin, Ann, Ella, William H.,
Herman, Maria, Alice, Malcomb, Ellen, and a baby
unnamed. Maria, Ellen and the baby are dead.
David has held the responsible offices of Town
Treasurer, Road Commissioner and Drain Superin-
tendent.

Charles S. Stanley, of Van Buren was born
in Ogden, Monroe, N. Y., Sept. 15, 1815. Came to
Michigan with his parents in Oct., 1833, they locat-
ing upon the farm Charles S. now owns. He mar-
ried Sarah Bennett, of Unadilla, Mich,, June 4,
1846. Sarah (Bennett) Stanley was born in Sodus,
Wayne Co., N. Y., Aug 10, 1822, and died Jan.
13. 1 88 1. They have had four children, Clarence
Bennett, born March 26, 1847 ; John P., born
June 20, 1853. Myron Hawley and Marion

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

1471

Walker, born July 25, 1858. Mr. Stanley owns 160
acres of land.

Mr. John Strong, of Van Buren was born in
Van Buren, Sept. 10, 1835. His parents, Edward
and Margaret (Punches) Strong, came to Michigan
in 1832. His mother took up 80 acres of land in
1832, and is still living upon the old homestead.
His father died Nov. 9. 1883. John was married
Dec. 25, 1864, to Alice Rowley, of Canton, Mich.
Alice (Rowley) Strong, was born June 20, 1841.
Her father, James Rowley, came from New York
to Michigan in 1834. He died Aug. 11, 1887.
aged 73 years Her mother. Louisa (Knapp) Strong
came to Michigan in 1837, and is still living upon
the old homestead in Canton, Wayne Co , Mich.
Mr. and Mrs. John Strong have one child, William,
born Feb. 2, 1856.

Mrs. Margaret (Punches) Strong, widow
of Edward Strong, was born in Vora, Ontario Co.,
N. Y., July 5, 1 810. Margaret Punches married
Edward Strong, Oct. 1 2, 1833. Edward Strong was
born in Massachusetts, March 26, 181 5. He came
to Michigan in 1832. Edward Strong died Nov. 9,
1883. To Mr. and Mrs. Strong five children were
born, William, John, Catherine, Lydia and Sarah
Jane. Lydia still lives at home and takes care of
the farm, managing it in all the details of work.
Mrs. Strong located 80 acres of the present farm in
her own right from the government in 1832. They
have a fine farm of 1 20 acres.

Marvin R. Strong, of Van Buren, was born in
Genesee Co., N. Y., Dec. 25, 1822. His parents^
Roswell and Catherine (Curtis) Strong, with a
family of seven children, came to Michigan, and
direct to Van Buren Township, Nov 25, 1833.
Marvin remained at home, giving his earnings to
the support of the family until he was 25 years of
age. In Oct, 1847, Marvin married Mary Ann
Milspaugh, of Wayne, Mich Mary Ann was born
in Chemung Co., N. Y., in 1820. Her father, Nico-
las Milspaugh, died Jan. 6, 1827; her mother,
Elizabeth, some 20 years after. They never came
to Michigan. Mary Ann came when but a child,
with her grandparents. The children born to Mar-
vin and Mary Ann Strong are, Catherine Ann, born
March 16, 1849; Mercy Strong, born Oct 15, 1852,
and died in 1854. Roswell Strong died in 1886,
aged 81 ; Catherine Strong died in 1868, aged 83.

Peter P. Terhune, of Van Buren, was born m _
Berden, N. J., Nov. i, 1813. His parents, Peter A.
and Hester (Campbell) Terhune, were American
born, but of Holland descent. Peter A. died Sept.
18, i83r, aged 68 years; Hester C. died in i860,
aged 86 years. March 8, 1838, he married Jane
Post, of New Jersey. Jane (Post) Terhune was born
in New Jersey, July 25, 18 17. Her parents, John C.

and Catherine (Harris) Post, came to Michigan in
1838, and located in Van Buren, Wayne Co. In
1848, Peter P. and his wife came to Michigan, locat-
ing on the farm he now owns. John C. Post was
born in 1789, and died Nov. 23, 1874. Catherine H.
Post was born May 13, 1792, and died Feb. 28, 1864.
Peter P. and Jane P. Terhune have one child, John,
born Dec. 30, 1838. In 1867 they adopted a girl
named Emma Wiles. Emma was born Sept. 24,
1862. May 24, 1883, she married Charles Leonard,
of Van Buren, Wayne Co., Mich. Emma (Wiles)
Leonard died Aug 23 1883.

George Thirkettle, of Van Buren, was born
in England, Dec. 3, 1847. His parents, George and
Mary (Billings) Thirkettle, came to America in 1851,
and in 1852 came to Van Buren, where George and
his mother still reside His father died July 28,
1 87 1, aged 47 years In his father's family there
were nine children, William, John, Ann, Manuel,
Hannah, Sarah, George, Julia and Henry. William
died Dec. 19, 1885, aged 52 years; Sarah died in
1851, aged six years. George was married Feb. 10,
1886, to Mary Jane Stohaub, of Romulus. Mary J.
Stohaub was born in Romulus, Wayne Co., Mich.,
Sept. 26, 1858. They have one child.

EuROTAS Throop, of Van Buren, was born in
Van Buren on the farm he now owns. His father.
Luther was born Jan. 3 1801 ; his mother was born
Jan. 13 1802. They came to Van Buren Township,
Mich, in 1835. locating land and receiving their
deed from the Government. March 29, 1865. Euro-
tas married Caroline Tedder, of Augusta, Mich.
Caroline (Tedder) Throop was born in England,
May 14. 1846. Her parents. Thomas and Ann
(Youngs) Tedder first located in Vermont, then
moved to Augusta, Mich. They are both living,
and are about 65 years old. The children born to
Mr. and Mrs. Throop are, Luther E. born Nov. i6'
1865; Ella, born Dec 7, 1876; Eurotas Jr., born
March 28, 1879. Luther E. died May 20. 1873.
Mr. Throop's farm contains 355 acres.

Daniel A. Truesdell of Van Bur^n Town-
ship, was born in Geneva, Van Buren Co., Mich..
June 15, 1862 his parents being Lewis B. and Eme-
line (Steward) Truesdell. Lewis B. enlisted Nov.
25, 1863 in Co. K, 1st Michigan Cavalry, as a pri-
vate, and died at Winchester, Va., Sept. 27, 1864,
from wounds received in action. Daniel lived with
„his grandparents until 11 years old, then worked
out. Sept. 23, 1880, he married Hattie M. Newkirk.
Hattie was born in Almond, Wis., Aug. 27, 1861.
After his marriage, Daniel worked for his uncle two
years, then rented farms until the spring of 1887,
when he took what is known as the Winslow farm,
of 80 acres, where he now is. They have had three
children, one of whom is living, Charles A., born

1472

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

June 20, 1855. Daniel is a member of Duffield
Camp, No. 138, Sons of Veterans, of Wayne, Mich.

Frank Van Tassel, of Van Buren, was born
in Van Buren, Wayne Co., Mich., Oct. 3, 1865.
His parents, A. M. and Mary (Jerdon) Van Tassel,
came to Michigan from New York State, at an early
day, locating in Wayne Co. A. M. enlisted in Co.
H, ist Michigan Mounted Rifles, Aug. 30, 1862.
He was wounded while standing guard, losing the
use of his right arm. He served three years. Frank
was married Dec. 24, 1887, to Annie (Dickerson)
Barlow, of-Rawsonville, Wayne Co.. Mich. Annie
was born Oct. 26. 1861. Annie's mother, a daughter
of C. J. Barlow, died while Annie was a babe, and
C. J. Barlow adopted her.

Mrs. Polly (Wright) Voorheis, of Van
Buren Township, was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y.,
March 8, 1821, and came to Michigan with her par-
ents, Jeremiah and Lucy Wright. Polly Wright was
married to Philip A. Monroe, of Van Buren Town-
ship. Oct. 20, 1839. By this marriage there were
four children, Zurial W., born Sept. 4, 1840, Syvelia,
Jeremiah W., and Lucy. Syvelia died in 1845, aged
three years; Jeremiah died in 1847. Philip A.
Monroe died in 185 1, aged 33. Polly Monroe mar-
ried Joseph Voorheis. of Van Buren, Dec. i, 1853.
Joseph Voorheis was born in New York State, April
29. 1 8 10. The children named Voorheis are, Charles
F., Adelbert A., John M. John M. died at the age
of four months. Joseph Voorheis died Sept. 14,
1 88 1 . Lucy Wright, mother of Polly Wright Voor-
heis, lives with her daughter. She was born Oct.

16, 1800.

Artemus Ward, farmer of Van Buren Town-
ship, was born in Sumpter, Wayne Co., Mich., Jan.

17, 1845. His parents, Stephen and Lucinda
(Anson) Ward were from Rochester, N. Y., com-
ing to Wayne Co., Mich., in 1838. Lucinda A.
Ward died in 1858, aged 45. Stephen Ward died
in 1878, aged 65. In March, 1862, Artemus en-
listed in Co. A, 15th Mich. Infantry, as a private.
In Nov. 1864, at the battle of Little River, near
Rome, Ga., Artemus was captured as a prisoner of
war and held at Cohaba, Alabama, for six months.
He was paroled on Big Black River, between
Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss., and was on the
Sultana at the time of the explosion, and was one
of the 2000 Saved. He was discharged June, 1865,
at Detroit. He returned to Belleville, Wayne Co.,
Mich., Aug. 1867, and married Anna Danes, of
Sumpter. Anna (Danes) Ward, was born in Van
Buren, Nov. 8, 1852. They have had five children,
Charles S„ born Sept. 28, 1869 ; Ida May, born Jan.
8, 1 871; Hertry, born Nov. 18, 1877, and Bertie,
born Aug. 10, 1881. Henry died Aug. 25, 1889.
Bertie died Sept. 7, 1887.

George Ward of Van Buren, was born in
Dutchess Co., N. Y., Jan.* 15. 1837. His parents,
Stephen and Lucinda Ward, came to Michigan in
1838. He married Eliza Ann Gardner, July 20,
1858. Eliza Ann was born in Nankin, Wayne
Co., Mich., Aug. 9, 1837. George enlisted Sept.
23, 1862 in Co. E., 25th Mich. Volunteer Infantry
as a private. He was with the regiment in all its
marches and battles, until his final discharge July
5, 1865. He returned to Van Buren and re-
engaged in farming. They have three children,
William, born March 27, i860; George A., born
Sept. 25, 1862, and Lucy L., born Aug. 2, 1866.

Mrs. Judith M. Warner, of Van Buren
Township, was born in Orange ville, N. Y., Aug. 24,

1834. She married George L. Warren Aug. 24,
1865. They came to Mich. Sept. 9, 1865, locating
in Van Buren Township. George L. Warner was
killed by the accidental discharge of a gun at his
own home Oct. 24, 1874. His age was 37 years
and five months. They had three children, Mary L.,
born July 15, 1867; Mina, born Dec. 20, 1868;
Annie Laurie, Nov. 14, 1873. Mina died, aged 11
weeks and five days, and Annie L. died Dec. 4,
1883.

Ruth Louisa Warner, of Van Buren Town-
ship, was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., Sept. 22,
1826, and came to Michigan with her parents in

1835. they locating in Van Buren Township. Her
father, Joseph Warner, died April 13, 188 1, aged
8q years. Her mother, Irena, died in Nov. 1878,
aged 7S years. George A. Warner, son of George
L. and Catherine Warner, is an heir with Ruth to
the old homestead of Joseph and Irena Warner.
George A. was born July 31, 1863. Catherine
Warner died Dec. 25, 1863. George L. Warner
died Oct. 24, 1874. Their farm consists of 50
acres.

Charles E. Webster, of Van Buren, was born
in Exeter, Monroe Co., Mich., Sept. 5, 1854. His
father Porter N., came to Michigan from New
York State in 1837. Martha L., his mother came
in 1845. both are living. January i, 1874, he mar-
ried Emma A. Matteson, of French Town, Monroe
Co., Mich. Emma was born July 31, 1856. Her
parents, James and Harriet Matteson, are still liv-
ing in French Town and are prosperous farming
people. They have two children, Mattie, born Oct.
29, 1875 ; Susie, born Oct. 18, 1883. Mr. Webster
came upon the farm where he now is in the spring
of 1888.

Mrs. Alice G. Woolger, of Van Buren,
widow of Josiah Woolger, was born in Nankin,
Wayne Co., Mich., Oct. 19. 1851. Her maiden
name being Alice C. Reed. Her parents, Palmer
and Ann Reed came to Michigan in an early day

PERSONAL SKETCHES— VAN BUREN.

1473

and are 3^et living in Nankin, Mich. November 19,

1868, Alice G. Reed

Van Buren. James

James died Oct 6, 18^

to James and Alice

born Sept. 17, 1871 ;

1873, both are living.

married James Woolger, of
was born Sept. 8, 1844.

Ii. Two children were born
G. Woolger, Edith Mary,
Charles R., born June 29,
December 4, 1884, Alice G.

Woolger married Josiah Woolger, of Van Buren.
Josiah was born Nov. 8, 1851. Josiah died Sept.
25,1887. One child was born to Josiah and Alice
G. Woolger, Josie, born Nov. 3. 1887, and died
Nov. 14 1887. Mrs. Woolger has a fine farm in
Van Buren of 55 acres, also a small farm in Den-
ton.

INDEX OF NAMES.

Adams, Francis 1208.
Alger, Russell A., 105 r.
Armitage, William Smead 1175.
Armstrong, James A., 1 208.
Atkinson, John, inc.
Backus, Absalom, 1175.
Bagley, John Judson, 1053.
Baldwin, Henry P., 1055.
Baldwin, Stephen, 1209.
Barker, Kirkland C , 1044..
Bates, Asher B., 1035.
Beardsley, Carleton Abbey, 1 1 76.
Bennett, Ebenezer O, 1 340.
Berry, Thomas, 11 76.
Biddle, John, 1032.
Bishop, Jerome Holland, 1 284.
Bishop, Levi, 11 12.
Book, James Burgess, 1078.
Brady, Hugh, 1078.
Brandon, Calvin Knox, 11 77.
Brearley, William Henry, 1079.
Brennan, John, 1237.
Brush, Edmund A., 12 10.
Brush, Elijah, 1031.
Buckley, Henry James, 1 135.
Buhl, Christian H., 1043.
Buhl, Frederick, 1038.
Burns, James, 11 36.
Burt, John, 1182.
Burt, Wells, 1181.
Burt, William Austin, 1178.
Campbell, James Valentine, 1 1 1 3.
Carpenter, William N.. 12 10.
Carstens, J. Henry, 108 r.
Carver, Elizur R., 1268.
Cass, Lewis, 1057.
Chamberlain, Marvin H., 1049.
Chandler, Zachariah, 1039.
Chapin, Marshall, 1033.
Clark, George, 1285.
Clark, James Woodruff, 1327.

Clark, John Person, 121 1.
Clee, John, 1328.
Cleland, Henry Alexander, 1082.
Clippert. Conrad, 1237.
Clixby, Joseph H., 1370. .
Cole, Darius, 1212.
Colliau, Victor, 1238.
Cook, Levi, 1033.
Cottrell, E. W., 1213.
Coyl, William Kieft, 11 36.
Daly. William, 1268.
Damitio, Christopher, 1307.
Davis, George S., 1185.
Davis, Solomon, 1186.
Dawson, George, 1083.
DeLano, Alexander, 1187.
DePeyster, Arent Schuyler, 1084.
Dickinson, Don M., 11 14.
Dickinson, Julian G., 1115.
Dixon, Sidney B., 1239.
Douglass, Samuel T., 1 1 i<y.
Dudley, Thomas Robert, 1137.
Duffield, Divie Bethune, 11 16.
Duffield, Henry M., 11 18.
Duncan, William C, 1044
Dwight. Alfred A., 1213
Dwyer, Jeremiah, 1187.
Edson, James Lafayette, 1139.
Edwards, John E., r3o7,
Elliott, William H, 1138.
Elwood, S. Dow, 1058.
Evans. Thomas D., 1286.
Farmer, John, 1085.
Farrand, Jacob S., 1 1 39.
Farrar, John, 1141.
Farrington, Benjamin F., 1143.
Ferguson, Eralsy, 1214.
Ferry, Dexter Mason, 1143. *
Field, Moses Wheelock, 121 5.
Fisher, Aaron Coddington, 1 145.
Fox, Jacob Beale, 1189.

Frost, George Smith, 1217.
Fyfe, Richard Henry, 1 146.
Gage, Dewitt C, 1240.
Gale, George H , 11 89.
Gardner, James, 1268.
Gauthier, Felix, i36\
Gillett, Rufus W., 1148.
Glover, Henry, 1149.
Godfrey, Jeremiah, r 1 50.
Goodfellow, Bruce, 1 1 50.
Gordon, George C, 1361.
Gould. Walter John, 1239.
Gray, John Allen, 1240.
Gray, John S., 11 90,
Gray, William A., 1241.
Griffin, Thomas F., 1190.
Grosfield, Anthony F., 1241.
Grummond, Stephen Benedict,

1048.
Hall, Edmund, 11 20.
Hall, Theodore Parsons, 1 1 5 1 .
Hammond, George H, 11 53.
Harmon, John H , 1040.
Hart, Gilbert, 1192.
Hastings, Charles, 1086.
Heavenrich, Samuel, 1 1 54,
Heineman, Emil Solomon, 1155.
Hodge, Samuel F., 1 192
Holbrook, DeWltt C, 1121.
Hopkins, George H., 1121.
Houghton, Douglass, 1036.
Howard, Charles, 1039.
Howard, Henry, 1035.
Howard, Jacob M., 1059.
Hubel, Frederick A., 1193.
Hunt, Henry Jackson, 1032.
Hurlbut, Chauncey, 1 1 56.
Hurst James T., 1288.
Huston, John, 1259.
Hyde, Oliver Moulton, 1040.
Ingalls, Joshua S., 1 1 56.

1476

INDEX OF NAMES.

Isham, Charles Storrs, 1157.
Jenks, Edward W., 1087.
Jones, DeGarmo, 1036.
Jones, J. Huff, 1218.
Joy, James F., 1059.
Kearsley, Jonathan, 1033.
Kiefer, Herman, 1089.
Kirby, F. A.. 1289.
Ladue, John, 1039.
Lambert, Walter C, 1290.
Langdon, George C, 1048. .
Langlois, Theophilus J., 1290.
Lapham, Jared S., 1353.
Lawrence, George E., 1361.
Ledyard, Henry, 1041.
Ledyard, Henry Brockholst, 1062.
Leech, Edward W., 1242.
Lewis, Alexander, 1047.
Lillibridge, William Merrick, 1 123.
Lothrop, George Van Ness, 1 1 24.
Lyon, Edward, 1218.
McFarlane, James, 1297.
McGraw, Thomas, 1 1 59.
McGregor, James, 1194.
McMillan, Hugh, 1065.
McMillan, James, 1063.
Macauley, Richard, 11 58.
Mack, Andrew, 1035.
Macomb, Alexander, 1091.
Merrill, Charles, 12 19.
Mills, Merrill L, 1044.
Mitchell, Nicol, 1160.
Moffat, Hugh, 1046.
Moore, Franklin, 1220.
Moore, George F., 1161.
Moore, Joseph Berthelet, 1194.
Moore, Stephen, 1221.
Moore, William Austin, 1125.
Moran, John Valine, 1162.
Morley, Frederick, 1092.
Mulliken, John Burritt, 1221.
Murphy, Michael Joseph, 1195.
Newberry, John Stoughton, 1066.
Newcomb, Cyrenius A., 1163.
Newland, Henry A., 1164.
Nicholson, Joseph, 1222.
Noble, Charles, 1224.

Noble, Charles Wing, 1224.
Olin, Rollin C, 1093.
Ortmann, Charles L, 1225.
Owen, John, 1067.
Paige, David Osgood, 11 96.
Palmer, Thomas, 1164.
Palmer, Thomas Witherell, 1 069,
Palms, Francis, 1070.
Parke, Hervey Coke, 1197.
Patton, John, 1043.
Peck, George, 1166.
Pettengell, Orlando R., 1260.
Phelps, Ralph, Jr., 1127.
Pingree, Hazen S., 1199.
Pitcher, Zina, 1036.
Pittman, James E., 1166.
Pitts, Samuel, 1226.
Porter, Augustus S., 1035.
Porter, George F., 11 26.
Potts, John Edwin, 1227.
Preston, Charles H., 1242.
Preston, David, 1068.
Pridgeon, John, 1050.
Pulford, John, 1094.
Pulling, Henry Perry, 1227.
Quinby, William Emory, 1096,
Randall, James A., 1127.
Reid, William, 1167.
Richardson, David M., 1200.
Riopelle, Hyacinthe F., 1291.
Robinson, William D., 1168.
Rogers, Fordyce Huntington,

1 202.
Ruehle, John V., 1243.
Safford, Robert Crawford, 1260.
Salliotte, Alexis M., 1292.
Saunders, Isaac C, 1328.
Saunders, Phineas E., 1329.
Scripps, James E., 1096.
Shaw, David Ripley, 1228.
Shaw, William M., 1320.
Sheldon, John P., 1097.
Sheley, Alanson, 11 69,
Sherwood, Theodore C, 1354.
Shipman, Osias W., 11 70,
Sibley, Solomon, 1031.
Slocum, Elliott Truax, 1229.

Slocum, Giles Bryan, 1229.
Smith, Martin S., 1072.
Snow, Edward Sparrow, 1269.
Spitzley, Henry, 1243.
Spranger, Francis Xavier, 1099.
Standish, John Dana, 1231.
Stearns, Frederick, 1204.
Stevens, William H., 1073
Stewart, Morse, 1097.
Swain, Isaac Newton r232.
Swift, John Marcus, 1355.
Thompson, William G., 1048.
Throop, William A., iioo.
Toynton, Joseph, 1205.
Trowbridge, Charles Christopher,

1034.
Trumbull, John, i roo
Vandendriessche, Amandus, 1302.
Van Dyke, James A., 1037.
Walker, Charles I.. 1127.
Walker, Edward Carey, 11 29.
Walker, Henry O., iioi.
Wallace, John B., 1270.
Ward, Eber B., 1234.
Ward, Emily, 1235.
Waring, Anson, 1133.
Warner, Jared C, 1233.
Watkins, Aaron Lane, 1171.
Wayne, Anthony, 1102.
Wells, William Palmer, 11 30.
Wesson, William Brigham, 1074.
Wetherbee, George Collidge, 1 172.
Wetmore, Frederick, 1172.
Wheaton, William W., 1045.
White, Henry Kirke, 1 1 74.
Whiting, John Hill, 1206.
Whitwood, Deodatus C, 1233.
Wilcox, Orlando B., 1105.
Wilkinson, Albert Hamilton, 1 1 3 1 .
Williams, John R., 1031.
Willis, Richard Storrs, ,1104.
Witherell, Benjamin F. Hawkins,

1133.
Witherell, James, 1132.
Woodbridge, William, 1076.
Wyman, Hal C, 1106.
Yemans, Charles Chester, 1107.

FARMER - HISTORY OF DETROIT AND MICHIGAN - Vol. 2

RECEIVED: Three-quarter leather binding with
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