X
lU'tj
C^i>
KiZ'W h-
Hli
/ID
^^^'O g rfi^plnj
^Qf//^
THE KAll-ROK (SO CALLED).
The tribe which for^aMtter n^.e we call MikoK ir^abits
Klan^ath Canyon and the banks of the Btrean^s that coire into it
frorr. Elk Creek, about a ndle below Happy Cair.p, dovm to a place called
Saint!^ Rest, lust below the n'outh of Bluff Creek and perhaps 5 irdles
above Wetchpek at the rrouth of Trinity River.
Thev are closely related to the Kah-rah'-ko. who live on Indian
Creek and Klainath River from Happy Cairp up about 20 iriles to Sciad
CreekC where they me^b Indians of Shastan stock), but have no other
known relatives.
The Kahrok had half a dozen villages on Elk Creek extending
up^;.^out 16 miles; and occupied Salmon River up to the point knovm
as^orks of Salmon, where they met a tribe of Shastan stock. The
names of their villages on Elk Creek and Salmon River I did not
ascertain, but mav secure later.
On Klam.ath River they had about 40 villages, the narpes and
locations of nearly all of which I obtained. Their uppermost
villages were at the mouth of Elk Creek, one on each side, and both
on the south (or east) side of Klam.ath River. Both were large
villages.
\
(J^^jX. tfXX:-4 ^
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•
-
1
/
T3RHIT0RY 0/ THE KAflDK
The torritoiy of the iUlxulIl fttfends ir a
northi end scuth direction fron a little north
^ of the California-Oregon boundary southerly
to Bluff Croek on Kl^eth Hiver and beyond
to the high divide at the extreme head waters
i
of Bed Cap Creek, p.iving o total length of
cpproxir^iitely 65 miles. The averap,e width
of their territory is 18 or 20 ?niles. The
is
broaHnpt prrt ^4n the latitude of Happy Camp
where the brendlh is fjbout Ji4 miles.
d^C^/V-K^^
TERRITORY OP THE KAROK
The territory of the Karok extends in a
north end south direction from a little north
of the California-Oregon boundary southerly
to Bluff Creek on Klanath River and beyond
to the high divide at the extreme head waters
of Bed Cap Creek, giving a total length of
approximately 65 miles. The average width
of their territory is 18 or 20 miles. The
IS
broadest part /in the latitude of Happy Camp
where the breadth is about 24 miles.
X^ ^A-A-^s-**^
^ 1^* -t;^^ f\tk OLk^-Vwi'-r,^^^
M^H^c^
, ? ^
•?6«K'- KyOvVw^ (Sufc..JL._ ,
!®
•«>^KXt*^(l»J,Jl_
2i!i::i-KtK'>vit
©-iS^"'^'^
" ,f^ ^-^-i- <s^ U-iliJi^U * ?*i,;^
^'^''''''^^^^^^^1^
K,^>A^^
^^ <o^r 'Vu*.:*^. a^^UiU
^ic^.
VOO^-VvM?J\-U\£oo'vi.OO-f>«A.
^^•-♦-^-^^./vx^^ Wodbo^
EAVA^Kiii^l
Hwil-kut
\^
Tribe at Orleans called
Choom-ne
Kin -nas
Called Kin-nus or Ke-nus
( same name given for ■t'olikla)
by Tol-lo-wah
by Hoo-nah
''Happy Camp and above"
called E-tah-chin
by Hoo-pah
i J^U-u/dJrK
I
l-Wk-a-Wv^^o.k'-ko
v^^
ka.K^y^c^lv-k-o -k.(kk
'^
^"-^SaIivX ^i^^-sui^ S-si^^^J^i
OjOs^
/UnA-c
I'^-XJIuNa/v-.^-aC-^ K-Osaa-^V. ^ — K. co6*.^0\
■^~- <JW- — ^ A.v.^_5 — ^ i,»,^ *~^^~-*^^ "^'>^-«.fi-v^. A*::::^^
g>&--i:^-yl-l:A ■ (s^ 'V^^o^ ^1)^ \uu — ru^<E^a.^*j3c^»LT4--*^w4,.^,i,^,,^
ft^>^kftj — abcv -<»^c-^
"^-^^^ i-^ff^---^ y^yrS.'^iA;^ ^ ciJUcA^#v ^^NJoJi,^ .
(.(^iU.*- r-t^U^ f*.^»«J lu&L, <..1j) ^
t>^»^ lu^ <^1_(L.
I^^'rt^:^^ .-INs ?^Shi^vc<7 l^owJU^
■ ■—■.M ■ .. ^..^ ■ ,^ ^ _ . ...ij.. II Jl ( I . Ill •
w V "" ^
^^Uv>.
V-
^Xj^j^JiAKj^/v^^^
»p^ Uiu^ .^ 1X._ .j^^^^^j^ ,4^^
^^— 4- l^^^^^fc,^,-!^^ 5;:t3;^.
-■^f'^mmm-^
'^r^'-^'^' s*^*^
The Kah-rah'-ko or Kah-rah-ko-hah, |
On Klamath River froip Sciad Creek down 20 wilee to Happy Cairp
and up Indian Creek for about 12 rrdles is a tribe called
Kah-rah-ko or Kah-rah'-ko-hah.
They thus lived between the K^cf^-arzr^ Shasta and the Karok.
They are related to the Karok but their language contains numer-
ous words different from Karok.
^^y ^^'^^JiaiL^ dozen villages on Klamath River and about the
Bam.iT^W Creek. Som.e of those on Klamath River are:
:aL-Shasta and Kah-
Jv^lyji^ CJ.X —I ^1 I f}i^a.D KjCJL (XliKJL
beTongedTto Kah^-^ar-rah.
e
Se-te-pitch.-On north side Klamath at mouth of Thompson Creek.
On north side Klair'atii on Indian Flat, opposite mouth
of China Creek.
^ ^ " ^ On south side^^long southerly loop of Klam-ath River
0 It Evans Ranch^ about 5 males east of Happy Camp.
- Im-poc^-ruk. >0n south side Klarmtii River at Richardson's mine
^hydraulic excavation) opposite Reems, about 1-1/4 milejjr
above Happy Gamp.
* A-the-thoof . -At Happy Camp, on N side Klamatfi River, «d on both
siaes Indian Creek. '
■a
The narpes ajid locations of the villages on Indian Creek above
Happy Caop I did not get, but they ir-ay be obtained later.
j^.5^7'^:^^^-^* 3<.
^i^
Mk^WMMMMa
'Mi^
/•.
KABOK GSOaRAPIIIC NAUSS
I .w
Soott Rivor -<• A-wii}i»ta»ho
SooU Valley - Tiah'-rah. («y .alley, but i^rUcularly SooU
Valley, the largest known to the tribe)
Proston Peak — Ketdi-e-he-yon ( atioko up big).
Klttfflath River — leh-ka-ieh ( The River).
Sciad Creek •- Sah-«3
Valker Creek
6riukley*B Ranuh
Oridera Ranch
Gridera Creek (on S side Klaraath, raouth about a mil« W of Sciad
P. 0 ^*
*
Buckthorn Mt«
Karok Gaog. Z
Portuguese Creek
Port Groff
Fort Goff Creek
Hart in
Tiiaa Crook
ThonqpBon Creek -• Se-te-pitch aah-niti]i«ro
Nolton
Bug Creek
Sawmill
Mill Creek
Cedar Gulch
Saat Fork
\
Karok Geog* 3
Shinars Cre^
Sliinara
China Creek
Indian Point
Horee Creek
Fry Pan Creek
Ottley Ci*eek
George Woods Creek
Cade Credc
Happy Cacq? — A-the-thoof tioh-rahB (tioh-ralm valley)
Xarok C^og. 4
»^
Indian Croak — X-tho-thoof (Ah-8i8*80of)
Perkiiiit Guloh
QooXittlo crook (brunch of Indian Cr.) •• Ik-koo-rif^ruo-oo
Swan
Slator Cre<ric
Robsrti
Pin*
In«s
Ifithor Gnldli
Indian Crook Baqgor Statipn
N
Bi-yaa
Httoy
Kar<dc Goog* A
(Indian Crook rogion oontinuod)
last Fork Indian Orodc
South Fork Indicn Crook
Rooan 8
littlo South Fork
East Fork L. So. Fk.
Bally Mountain
lost Fork L. So. Fork
Bouldor Poak
CUssioHill
ifoo^r Mino
IColly X«kt
lost Branoh
ProstoB Poak
Ooopor Poak
itMMMM0mttiti^^
'.».^ti/a^l."'tiii<llii".ap!*..-is^.
~SMKSXXiiS!^^S^^^^B
duly Jack Craak
Oridar Orock (on H oido Klamath bolow Indim Croak) •-•
Elk Creek .^I-ahroop^raoo •ahwouh^ro (lah-shooic Bahm-wur-rah)
Effttbua
Ihippirg Devil Creek
Saet Fork Elk Creek
Fowlere
• I.
Slys
UaXonaa .
Malone Oreok
Df>oUttl« Craek (branch of Rlk Croek)
Bishops
Stunza Creak
Bear CredK
Granite Creek
Oronite Lake
Buxzard Creek
Long Point (about 5 miies below Happy Cansp) — Oo-ohe-koo*kun«ne
Karok 6eog. 7
liB|s&te Creek
Oak Flat Creek •- Patch-e-e^riah (Patoh*e«cho»rit)h)
Clear Croek — E-nahm soof (In-num»sbof )
South Pork Clear Creek •• Soh-nfih-ro heetch'
Boulder Credt
Deep C
Salt Flat SS eide Klaraath nearl a mile below Clear Creek
Yu«pJ8h-4:e.
Dakina Mine
Titua Creek
Tinkhan Creek
Independenoe Craek — Soo-roo'»kon woo-noo-pah (under current)*
Mnga Creek
«^ta»*»u--'-' '- • .--ii^^
Karok Qaog. 8
U-Ko-Nom Creak — Yu^ -nomHTdtch gah-nah'-ro ( Sand Greek)
(Yu*" nahm SihiS'-war-rah) .
U-Ko^HoQ loko
Coon Creak
• ,. /
Swillup Craok — lali-we-dip-te Bah-Hiur-ro(tsh»waWip»ta Boof)
Swillup Flat
XllioUs
Th(naas Craek
^
Aubrey Creek
Aubrey's (Cottage Grove) — Oo'-roo-htfs
Ponv Peak Lookout
Dillon Creak — Se-kun Balira-oiur-ro (Se-ken-sahm-wir-ro).
Carter Creek
t
Karok Oeog. 9
Tee Bar Creak
Rock Cro^ •• Thoof-k&ii-r(»a ooof (Soof-kaii-roQ ooof)
Flint Valley
Albara
leei Bar
Sandy Bar Creek (on B aide Klaimitli between Tee Bar k Stenah^v
Creeks -* Sn-peet( village same name;
J^ttaahoar Croek (Hock Rtmch) — Af-tah-rahia»toof .
Flower Flat (little above --almost opp-^sifce Stenahaw'a but on
0 west, tide river)— lah-rahm-h^wrahk-
Flat on 3S oido rtvor juot bo low Stonahaw«—
Off -tali-run (Thoof'
tall-rum).
Irving Cre^
Lords
V
m
I
Karok Goog« 10
Halvftmon^a (Harley Ranch p lac •) — KTam^na«ha*nUc
Halvaraon (Jt*ook — A*8aS:*rat*Boof.
Horseshoe Banger Station
Rodger Cre^
Reynolds Creek
Greorge Leary^s
Teneyck •• Os-$e*puk.
Teneyck Creek •• Uo-se-puk soof •
lah-she^pish'^e- -•(name means •trails comes right down*»)
Kah*te*meen •• (name means •upper daw*
— een?:diim.)
Sugar loaf Hill (at junction Klamath & Salmon — S of Klamath River
& W of Salmon mouth) -- Ah*o*yitch (Ah-oo-itch)#
Karok U
Medicine Mountain (or Of field Mountain) -• 0-e-ytu (Oo*yu)
Salmon River «Ah*aa*ke*ah*rahm (name means m^iking fish)
Junction of Salmon with Klamath — Ip-woon*too-noo-wahk
(namo moans two wators como together)*
Lar^ford (place on N side Salmon) — Se-te^re,
Near N end of new bridge (Drake* s place) •• Te-shahn-re
At S end of new bridge — Pah*sin-ne*pat6h
Merrill Creek -- Im-kah*nah-me*ra*thoof •
Tln^ee-dollar Bar (abo-^t a mile above Gomes Bar) —
IiliHrin*nipt (ldi*win-ne-pitch).
Somes Bar •• Yu-e^te*rok (Yo-V^ •te«^ah, Yu-e-teiruk).
Somes Creek
Somes Mountain — Whole mount ain:06^ver*tuk; Siammit ridge:
Witch-jjum^teem-^tch (ltch-kua*te*mitoh)»
Oak Bottom Crock
Pleasant Valley Creek
Wooley Creek
Duncan Creek
Mountain on S side junction SaMon with Klamath — *Ah-soi*ye-koo*
rah.
Karok 18^
Ikes Craok —
fittH'1afl>-kai
NalBon Cradk •• Kah*tim*»oo*hoof
MoYarum Falls
Nolson Falls
Whitmore Creak — Ah^sah^'i' •rat^soof (same name Halv arson Creak)
Thraa^peak ri^ga at head Whitiaora Ck — Us-0ah^w»*lkt*
Wilson Creak -•^ Hahm*nah«-na at^soof
Paarch Creek -- 7ah-kah«soof kah^rali^soof ,
A
tV, ,/
Mountain at head Pearch Creek — 0»yu»f oo-nah = ^ilMi,
YouQgs
Sandy Bar (on N side Klaaath» Just aboTe (east of) Orleana'ftii
oppoaite Youi^'b plac«) — KJC-saii-nook-itoh
y
Karok 13
Chenitoh Creak — Chft-netB-^Boof
uis Bar -* Pah-nahm-norik and Yu-aah (pan-nom-nik).
Place back from river i mile back of Orleans Poat Office
(Wiley Ranch)— Chi? -ni8h»hook.
Coyote Creek (at Orloana Bar Hotel) — Pe-nef-soof (Pe-riaf-thoof
m
Orleans Mountain -- Ye-par-rah
Camp Croek — Te-ahon-^ne-soof
Qui cks
Sioms Greek
> ■ ■
Head Camp
Cedar Creek
China Creak
Cedar Canp
Solsfrom Creek -- Ahf -oho o-f itch soof
Owl Creek -• Salim-iflis^nitch
Ullathom Creek •• Too-yu'^wooh-soof
Karok 14
Bois0 Cr 9ek_ •- Sah^ -►moa^raom Boof
J3art- Greek
Sheldon Butte --- lah^ruBwaah kah''oo^ya-4Aa^4mh«har
Red Cap Creak ^^ Woa*piim'*ftoof >
South Fork RodXIafi -Craek^-i- : .
PACk Saddle Gaiaqfc _ _. .^ . _
Qld^jrlJLlag€L_jD>n„ Red Cap way„iip .on
^ (on N ?k?) -• Kah-pah^raha>
Blg.JkrlmiJLjiiiflLJ^^
Iah*-ah6^rjdim'"aahn (now waeht away)^
Slate Creek ■"* Ish-raha«'aa^kus soof^
Jwin JjikdA
v
Bluff Craak *" Yu-rook-aoof (Mah-thoov or Kal>-tboQv;Muh-rnQJ^»thoQv).
Lathrop ;
(<PBIjflSr0^.m^
S*f ■ z^**
T"*-
' *l.
V-
l>
Karok 15
Big Bar (S side Klamath between S^ate and Bluff oreeka, but
opposite sid*) — v,
Karok Names for Poliklah Plaoei
Wetchpek — Un-suf-freek
Village of tetohpek people on S side Trinity mouth — R-toot»M
Village of Wetchpek people on W side Trinity mouth —
Wh-hip»re»e^ua.
Trinity River — Kish-ah-ka-war-rah »ah»ma^*re
Iburtins Ferry
Johnsons
Klaoath
]
The following document is a duplicate of the
preceding document. It may contain annotations
and corrections not found on the original.
I
i
\
KAROK GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
/ . ^
Scott River — A-wali-ta-ho ^.
Scott Valley •*• TiBh-rahm (any valley, but particularly Scott
Valley, the largest known to the^tribeJ
Preston Peak — Ketch-eVhe*-yon (^sticks up big).
Klamath River -• Ish-ka^^ish (-The River)
Sciad Creek *•• Sah'-mi
Walker Creek
Brickiey's Ranch
Grriders Ranch
Griders Creek (on S side Klarnath, mouth about a mile W of Sciad ?()
\
z'
I
/
Buckthorn Mt»
Karok Geog. 2
Portuguese Creek
Fort Goff
Fort Goff Creek
Martin
Tims Creek
Thompson Creek — - Se'-te-pitch sah-muli-ro
No It on
Bug Creek
Sawmill
Jfill Creek
Cedar Gulch
East Fork
Karok Geog. 3
ShinarB Creek
Siiinars
China Creek
Indian Point
Horse Creek
Fry Pan Creek
Ottley Creek
George Woods Credk
Cade Creek
Happy Cainp ^- A-the-thoof tish-rahm (tish-rahin^ valley)
Karok Geog. 4
Indian Creek — • A-the-thoof (Ah-sis-soof )
Perkins Gulch
Boolittle Creek (branch of Indian Cr.) — Ik-koo-re-rus-oo
Swan
Slater Creek
Roberts
Pine
Inez
Luther Gulch
Indian Creek Fairer Statipn
Bryan
Huey
Karok Greog. 5
(indiaji Creek region continued)
East Fork Indian Creek
South Fork Indian Creek
Roman's
Little South Fork
East Fork L. So. Fk,
Ballv Mountain
West Fork L. So. Fork
Boulder Peak
Classic Hill
Huey Mine
Kelly Lake
West Branch
Preston Peak^.^^^l^-e'-Vv^-Vov
Cooper Peak
. Karok Geog. 6
:-^->
T
Culy Jack Creek
Grider Creek (on N side Klamath below Indiai Creek).--
•shroop^aoo
Effman
Whipping Devil Creek
East Fork Elk Creek
Fowlers
Elys
Malones
Malone Creek
Cougar Creek
Doolittle Creek (branch of Elk Creak)
Bishops
Stanza Creek
Bear Creek
Granite Creek
Granite Lake
Buzzard Creek
Lorig Point (about 5 miles below Happy Camp) -- Oo-che-koo-kun-ne
Karok Geog. 7
Oak Flat Creek — Patch-e-e-rish (Patch-e-clie-riah)
Win^te Creek
Clear Crsek ••- E-nahra soof (In-num-soof )
^j
South Pork Clear Creek -- Sah-niuh-*ro heetch
Boulder Creek
Deep Creek —
Salt Flat SE side Klarnath nearlv| a mile belov/ Clear Creek — •
Yu-pish-^ke.
Dakins Mine
Titus Creek
Tinkham Creek
Independence Creek — Soo-roo-kon woo-noo-pah (under current ) .
Kings Creek
Karok Geog. 8
. . ' »
U-Ko-Kom Creek — Yii^^-nSm-rnitch sah-mah-ro (- Sand Creek)
(Yu!^ nahm Schm-war-rah) .
U-Ko-Nom Lake
Coon Creek
Swillup Creek -- Ish-we-dip-te 8ah-mur-ro(i8h-«va«*rip-te soof).
Swillup Flat
Elliotts
Thomas Creek
Aubrey Creek
Aubrey's (Cottage Grove) -- Oo-roo-hus.
Ponv Peak Lookout
Dillon Creek -- Se-kun salim-mur-ro (Se-ken-sahni-w^jr-ro)
Carter Creek
Karok Geog.
• t
Tee Bar Creek
Rock Creek — Thoof-kah-rom soof (Soof-kah-roia soof)
Flint Valley
*ff
Albars
lees Bar
Sandy Bar Creek (on E side Klamath between Tee Bar & Stensliaw
«.>
Creeks -*• En-peet( village same name)
Sjirenshaw Creek (Rock Ranch) -- Af-tah-ralinHsoof
Sten8haw*-S ~j AtVta-raliw.
Flower Flat (little above «- almost opposite Stenshaw's but on
0 west- side river)-- Ish-rahm-hef^rahk.
Flat on SE side river just below Stenshaws— Off-tah-rum (Thoof-
tali-rum).
Irving Creek
Lords
• »■
, Karok Geog» 10
Ilalverson's (Harley Ranch place) -- E-ram-ne-he-ruk,
^»cV»
Halverson Creek — A-sa- -rat-soof .
Horseshoe Ranger Station
Rodger Creek
Reynolds Creek
George LearyVs
Teneyck -- Os-se-*puk.
Teneyck Creek -- Us-se-p^k soof
Isli-she-pish-e
--(name means 'trail comes right down**.)
Kah-t e^neen — (name means "upper darn* — aentr dam. ;
Sugarloaf Hill (at jimction Klamath & Salmon -- E of Klamath River
& W of Salmon mouth) -- Ah-o-yitch (Ah-oo-itch). .™_,_ _^
Karok 11
ClllQ.
untam
Mountain) -- 0-e>^yni (OoVu)
mmMk
y\
ion of - Salmon with KlarnRth ^^ Ip^woon^tno^^
(name means two waters come together)*
LangfpxjiJjol^
^ax N end of now bridge (Drake's place) -'^ Te'^ohahn-
At, S end of new bridge :^- Pah-*sin">ne--patch
Merrill Creek ^^ Im^kah'^nAh>>ma»^ra^thQr>f >
Threardollar Bar (abo'it r TnilB ahnvft Rmnfta Bi
in^nipt (Idi >*>win«>ne*^pitch)>
Somea Bar ---> Yii«^ft'^te*>-rok (Yo^S^'^^^tQ^ftRh, Yn^Q^tft^^riik)
Somea flreek.
Somes Mountain ^^ Whole mount ain:0^»Y^r»ruk; Summit ridge:
Witch'^^kum^taQDi'^raitGh (itch^^kum^tQymitnh)
Oak Bottom Creek
'alia-
■ Wooley Creek
J5una^
iuncti^DiL Salmon.-with Klamath ^'^g^tej^aoi^-ve^kaogL
rahs
Karok 12
JEkes -Creek -.r_Jbi-BUB-sa-li^kaii^
Nelson -Creek-"- Kah-'tim?^8oo--hoof
Nelson Falls
Jfhitmor^ -Greek -•?-*. ih-Bah — ^rai.'^^BXiof -Caama- name Ha Iver son Creek:)
Three'^peak ridge at head Whitmore Ck — Us-sah-wa-kuk
Lpof
Greek -"-^ Tah-^kah^-^annf kah-^rah^-^annj
.MjQuntaln^at h^ad^Pearch Creek ^^ O^yu-^f Qo--nah^ -itch^
Youngs
SMtdy_.,l6ur(^^^^
opposite Young* 8 place) -- Ka-san-nook-'itch
Karok 13
Ch©ni"U^ Cr»9lt-«.'!=»-Che--nata-^«oof-
-Orleans Bar-^^Pah-nahm-ner ik.Y^an±_Yu-aahlC5an?^cm-Jiik^
-Blace back, frxaa. river. -i_ mile "hack.of _.OrlaanB_„Paa_t J)f f ioa..
(Wiley Ranch) -" Chiv-nish-hook.
r^aek Cat ■QrleanflL_Bar Hotel) -- Pe-nef-snof
.Orleans Mo_untaijQ._--_ Ye-par-raiL
5a]]5>. Craak -::^j=^J[;fi^:fBh
Qoicka--
Siams Cra^k-
Cedar-Creek-
China-Creek
Cedar Car!^
5o Ifif xoxruCre ak j^-: Jhf -
-flOfif-
Owl . . Cr e ek — Salim-mi s -iii t ch
Ullathorn Creek — Too-vu-wook-soof
Karok 14
' *
Boiae _Cr 0ek_r^:^_Salijr -^jMi^-Tjooia aoof •,
Dart Creek
-S
loaldan -Butle--^^- T Rh^-n^m-mah kah-oo-yii (Ab-i
'y^tXM^W^^
Red Cap Creek ^^^ Woo-pum-soof .
-South-Eor-kJSed-- a
Pack-^-addle Cair^n
01djillagaL_im__Eed_I!a})__wa^up
(on N Fk?) -- Kah-pah-rahm>
Allen Creek ~ Oo-tahn-nutcn-saliin-war-rah.
»
Big.BarCon,JL8i(ie Klarnath 200-500 yards above Slate Creek ^^
; I sh'-she-ral:igi'*Baahn (now washt away)»
Slate Creek — I sh-rahm-m-kus soof *
Twin JakeB-
Bluff Creek — Yu'^rook-soof (Mah-thoov or Kah-thQQv;Muh--rook-thoov)»
La.throp
Karok 15
• A
side-Klamat]
ite side) --
Karok Names for Poliklah Places
Wetchpek -- Un-suf-freek
Vi llage of _Wetchpek' people on E side Trinity mouth -^-E^-toot-kd'
Village of Wetchpek people on W side Trinity mouth —
Trinity T^iv^r -- TTi fth^fl.h^VR-war->rBlL,gah^7nfl.h^re-
Martins Ferry
Johnsons
Klamath
KAROK TERRITORI AND BOUNDABIES
The Karok tell ne that their territory extends along Klamath
River from Sciad Creek downstream(^ southwesterly) to Bluff Creek.
On the Qficlheast their country adjoins that of Ihe Sbafllfi.r
5ov.u.^^ southwea t , that of the Poliklah^gaJL ^^o\o^^-^^ Tiuamy^aLLV^boU
There are 2 divisions of the t«l>e: an Upper Division
calling themselves Kah-rah-ko-hah or Kah-rah-ko (called
*
YahLhnh-nrLTah by the lower Division), extending from Sciad Creek
dowastream as far as Blk Creek— some say to Clear Creek; and a
Lower Division calling themselves Ahlrahr. occupying the river
canyon from the Upper Division downstrecm as far as the mouth of
Bluff Creek.
The uppermost village of the Upper Division appears to have
been Wah-hah-e^wah, on the south side of Klamath River at the
mouth of lilfalker Creek (Brickleys); the next was Kwe-ahta^wah at
. mouth of Grider Creek, also on scuth side Dwamath, #iile the up-
permost on the north side was Ah-showiroo . at the mouth of
Portuguese Creek
The loweraost Tillage of the Lower Divi
sion was
A8>pftY-nft-tfl-hnkh on the north side of Klamath Biver jnst abo
ve
the mouth of Bluff Creek.
Bluff Creek appears to bare been neutral fishing ground.
as both tribes say they camped there amicably for the winter
salmon fishing.
e longed to the
miklaH or lower Klamath tribe. u.LxuuMji.aflfeSflr.
>j ■- — ' — ■
The following document is a duplicate of the
preceding docunnent. It may contain annotations
and corrections not found on the original.
d
i*.
^.^
KAHOK BOUNDARIES
The Karok tell me that th«ir territory txt«nd«d along
klamath Riter from Sciad Creek down stream aouthwest arly
to Bluff Creek. On the northeast their Iwi lory adjoined
that of the Bhaitt; on the southwest, that of the PoUklah.
Bluff Creek appears to hate been neutral f i shing
ground, as both tribes oanped there ainioally for^^ winter
saloon fishing.
There we^e 2 divisions of the tribe: an %per ^iyision
callir^ themselves Kah»rah*ko-hah or Kah-rah»ko (called
Kah[-hah»ah»rah by the Lower Division), extending froa
Soiad Creek downstrean at far as SlK Creek — some say
to Clear Creek; and t£e Lower Division calling themseliei.
Ah-rah ah-rah( palled Yu»rok war by the Upper Division),
occupying the river canyon from the U^per Division downstrsaai
as far as the mouth of Bluff Creek.
The uppermost village of the Upper Division appears to
Karok Boundaries 2
have baen on the south side of Klamath River at the morth
of Walker Creek (Brickleys); the next on the north side
of Klamath River at the mouth of Portuguese Creek.
The lowermost village of the Lower Division was on the
north Bide of Klamath River just above the mouth of Bluff
Cre^.
Below Bluff Creek, the next Indian village was at the
place called Saints Best, and belor^ed to the Poliklah or
Lower Klamath tribe.
TLOHOMTAHHOI STOCK
/
Hon)- T^
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0iii
hioi ClJtii
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a 0 P Tfjr/i/yftif
V
ri
L^^iyi^itn
THH TID-HOM-TAH-HOI
The territory of the Tlo'-hOm»tah~hoi or •Hew Biver
Indians' embraced either the entire drainage basin of Hew River,
or all except the area south of Big Creek. It reached northward
to the crest of the high mountaine seprrating the headwaters of
New River from thoae of the southern tributaries of Salmon River •
The western boundEry followed the lofty divide from Salmon Summit
to Trinity Suminit (between the waters of Virgin Creek on the ea^ ^
and those of Bedcap Creek on the west), and continued thenoa
southerly along the same divide, there separating the waters of
New Fiver or the ee?t from those of Horse-Linto, Cedar, and
Hawkins creeks on the west« The eastern boundary appears to have
been the high mountair divide (Green Mountains ^nd Limestone Ridge)
between the waters of North Pork Trinity and those of French Creek*
The southern boundary appears to have been Big Creek, although one
informant puts it a little farther north, another farther south—
even to the deep barrier of Trinity Canyon*
■v|>
.i^Kttf
The Tlo-hom'>tah^-*hoi therefore were a mountain people i
surrounded save on the south by lofty peaks and ridges* There
were no open valleys in their territory » end no flat lands of
any extent, the entire country being mountainous and except on
the summits continuously forested, while the e?iift flowing streems
lie far down in the bottoms of deep gorge?* New River itself,
from above Panther Creek to its junction with the Trinity, is
i.
I
i
hidden in a narrow defile along whose precipitous cliffs the
tortuous trail is in places 2,000 feet above the foaming waters •
There are other tribes whose Hunting grounds lie high up in the
... -' •
mountains, but no other tribe lived the year round in a domain
consisting wholly of such lofty rugged mounts ins >v rent by such deep
end precipitous canyons* Such a habitat must have been the result
of persecution by more powerful tribes~and a glance at the map
the
shows that they were sandwiched between ^aggressive Hoopa on the
hest and the Ck ^-^Vr^aJt - x-^-Ko on the ?last.
They were a nation of hunters. Game animals*«*elk» deert
f
••^^
black and grizzly bears, raccoons, grouse, and quail— were common.
y
and excepting the elk and grizzly are still plentiful; but the
Indians who fonnorly hunted them are practically extinct.
The Tlo-hom~tah-hoi were in contact with six tribes,
four of which speak widely different languages. These tribes
are: The Athapaskan T^ nLni|^ng2hen''na«o or Hoopah on the west,
and Tsa»nung>hw§ on the southwest; the Karokof Redcap Creek on
the northwest; the Shastan Konomeho and Heh-to«ke.he«wak on the
north and northeast; the Ohe-marwre-ko on the east and south.
,^
<
I ;
THB TID-HOH-TAH-HOI
AN UHKNOra TRIBB OF NORTHWBSTBHN CAUFOHNIA
0« Hart Uerriea
In worldng wiith surviTors of the Ohemafeko tribe
some years ago, I was told that their western boundary was
only a short distance west of Burnt Ranch— apparently at
the junction of South Pork with the main Trinity (near the
present Post Office of Salyer). They did not claim any part
of New Hirer.'' One of them, however, thought they might have
ranged as far northwest as^Hoble'a ranch on New River, ewKi:
miles from its mouth. This however was denied by old Sally
Noble, Steve Noble's widow, who lived there for many years and
from whom I obtained much valuable material. Ifrs. Noble, a
full-blood Chemareko . told me that the^^name of the New River
tribe 'vs Qhal-tah-sooy. The same name was given me later by
^ne informant seemed in doubt about this, thinking they
might have refiched a few miles up New River— as far as Steve
Noble's Ranch. The other informants were sure thet they
claimed no territory on the north side of Trinity River west
of
A
i
Mrs. laoy Uontgomery, another fuUblood Chtaa/eko thon IIt-
ing at Stone Lagoon •
The Tin'^nung^hen^ng'-o (oosmonly called Hoopa) of
lower Trinity River teXl me thatiCthe proper nane of the New
Hirer tribe is TloHaahotah^hoJ . though thej sometimes speak
of them as g-tah'nshin (Easterners) or g-taoh-na->lin»nak"ka
KeTO'>yahn'-ne~ahn (East River People)* The Hoopa Indians
interviewed stated that the language of the New River tribe
was wholly different from that of any other. tribe, but that
all its members were dead and no one knew the language.
By persistent inquiry however I learned of an Indian
known to the whites as 'Saxy Kid' who was said to be a full«*
blood member of the New Rirer tribe. His parents had been
killed and the tribe exterminated by the brutal gold seekers
who inraded the mountains and rugged oanyons of the Trinity
River country during the fifties and sixties « He had been
brought up by the Hoopa and could not speak his own language*
HeTertheless 9 it seemed worthwhile to see him.
During the ^ past ten years I have visited him three
times. He speaks Wag^isb^ini is not averse to talking, but
when interviewed soon becomes nervous and possessed of the
idea that he cannot remember any more words of his language*
In spite of these drawbacks I have thus far succeeded in re*
covering 30 words from him. At each visit I obtained a few
more words than previously and have no doubt that when again
visitedt still others may be secured.
The name of his tribe is Tlo^hom^tah'^hoie He re-
peated it several times in different years and pronounced so
carefully that there is little doubt as to its correctness.
Old members of the neighboring Hoopa tribe have given it to
me in ±km almost identical form, namely » as Tlo»mah-tah-hoi .
The territoxy of the tribe was the drainage basin
of New River, extending easterly from Trinity Summit Divide
on t^0 W68t«-«*a hig^ mountain ridge separating their country
trtf^ that of the Hoops. The tribe, though ittrprislngly dis-
*i:. . /'■
tl^ot from its neighhors— or for that matter fron any other
Jcnoim tribe—seems to have escaped the notice of anthropolo-
is is.
Stephen Powers more than fifty years ago seemed to
hare them in mind liien he wrote:
"The Chi-mal-a-kwe lived on New River, a tributary
of the Trinity, but they are now extinct. When the Americans
arrived there were only two families, or about twenty-five
persons, on that stream Tito still spoke Chimalakwe; all the
rest of them used Hupa." He then gofes on to say: "On the
Trinity itself, from Burnt Eanoh up to the mouth of North
Pork, there lived a tribe called the Chim-a-ri-ko (evidently
the same word as the above), #10 spoke the same language as
e Chimalakwe, and there are perhaps a half dozen of them
yet living." CTribes of Celifomia. pp.91-92, 1877.]
It is obvious that Powers failed to obtain the name
^ the New Eiver tribe, confusing it with the Oheffareko. I
ias told that the Chemareko. like the Tlo-hom-tah-hol. were
tyfj'
exterminated "by the onrush of miners and suffered the same
fate as other Indians on Trinity Rirer, of irhom Powers writes:
"They were hunted to the death, shot down one by
one, massacred in groups, driven over precipices; hut in the
bloody business of their taking-off they also dragged down to
death with them a great share of the original settlers, who
alone could have given some information touching their customs
In the summer of 1871 it was commohly said that there was not.
an Indian left." [Tribes of Oalifornia , p.94, 1877.]
^k
According to Powers » the New Biver Indians at or
about the time 6f the white invasion were dominated by the
Hoopa. Ha states:
^nia New Hirer Branch were interesting as affording
indubitable proof that the Hnpa exaoted tribute from certain
surroundiig tribes » for at the tine ihen the whites arrived
the Ohinalakve were paying then yearly a tax of about seventy-*
five cents per oapita«^that iSt an average deer^^skin.^ [Ibid .p. 92.]^
11
GEOOBAFU 10 LOCATION
J X^T
The territory of the Tlo^hom^teh'^hoi was the drainage
basin of New HiTer» extending southerly fron the lofty Salmon
otx.
Mountains that fonri the diride between the waters of New BiTor
and those tributary to the SalmonUow the boundary between
Siskiyou and Trinity Oountieql The western boundary was the
Trinity Summit fiiTid«—the high aoantain ridgt separating tha
waters of Radoap, Hor8e*Linto, Cedar, and Hawkins oreeka on
the vest, froa those of Virgin Creek and other tributaries of
*
« ■
New RiTer on the east « thus foming the boundary between the
^JLo^-hom-tah-^hoi on the east
Karok end Hoopa on the westoftft^-^wre , ^
TEner eastern
boundaxy was the lofty pinnaoled orest known as the Green
Mountain and Limestone Ridge, separating the waters of French
Creek from those of North Fork Trinity •
The southern boundary is in doubts hating been differ-
ently located by the different informants. Sexy Kid does not
know, and the Chemareko informaits do not agree—one plaoing it
1"^
at Deep Creek, another at the main Trinity Rirer. The faot
that the dark iapoeing mass of Ironside Mountain-^-'the sacred
shrine of the Chemareko-«»rises abruptly for 4500 feet between
the profound canyons of these rirers would seem to proTe that
it lies in Chemareko territory ^ making Deep Creek the southern
boundary of the New Biter tribe.
However this may be, it is doubtful if any other
tribe in North America was protected in all directions by
such formidable barriers. kvA it is doubtful also if any
other tribe speaking a distinct language was confined to such
a small area.
The Tlo-hom- 1 aH^ho i were a mountain people, surrounded
sare on the south by lofty peaks ar«i sharp ridges. There are
no open Talleys in their territory, and no flat lands of any
extent, the entire country being mountainous md, except on
the summits, continuously forested, while the water courses
if
are swift- flowiog streans far dom in the bottoas of deep
gozges. New River itself for the greater part of its bourse,
even to its junction with the Trinity, is hidden in a narrow
defile along whose precipitous cliffs the tortuous trail nounts
in places to a height of 2,000 feet above the foaning waters.
There are other tribes whose hunting groanis lie
high in the moantains^ bat no other dwelt the year ronnd in a
<■»
domain consist ii^ wholly of such lofty rugged ridges rent by
8uoh deep and precipitous oanyona* It is obTious that a hab«-
itat so restricted could support only a scant population and
must have resulted from persecution by more powerful tribes~
and a glance at the map shows that the Tlo->hCTi-tah^->hoi were
^
sandwiched between the aggress ire Hoc pa on the West and the
Che-'^mar^re-ko on the East# The distinctness of the Tl(^">h]Sm^
««^
tah'>»>hoi language would seem te imply a larger territory and
greater independence at some period in the pet*
They were a nation of hunters. Game animals were
ccBDion«»>elk, deer» black aid gristly bears, raccoons, grmse,
and QUBil— and excepting the elk end grizdy are still ploitiful:
but the Indians who formerly hunted them are practically extinct.
^o
YILLAG3S
at^
(Names here giren^in the Uoopa Imguage. The Tlo-hom-tah-hoi
names are unknown. )
> KeWkflhlni^tHng . , , Former Tillage on lower part of New Hirer,
at Martha Ziegler*8 place. Probably ..Chemareko ranoheria .^sst-^
gi«oo^~wet«tnng . , , Former Tillage on New River at Sally
Noble's place about a quarter of a mile below the mouth of
Panther Creek. --c*^^ —
Klo-nes^tunf; . . . Ponner Tillage on New RiTer at present site
of Quinby.— <i*> — ,-
Me*yeBa»a . • • George Gibbs , in his precious 'Journal of the
Expedition of Colonel Redick M'Kee through North-westem
Californie in 1851*. mentions a Tillage called Me-ywrnaa
(then recently burnt). It was on Trinity Hirer just below
the mouth of "New" or "Arkansas rirer". ^If the New Hirer
tribe reached soiath to Trinity Hirer, Ke-'yemma must hare
»* ■
been one of their Tillages; but if— as vastly more probab la-
the strip on the north side of this part of the Trinity was
Chemereko territoiy, Me^yemir|a was of course a Chemareko
Tillage* r
T8a«nah->ning-»ah-tung • • • Fonner Tillage on the bar or flat at
New Hirer Forks, at junction of East Pork with main New
Hirer. Must hare been rery near Klo-nes^tung. — 0«^ >v
^ Gibbs in Schoolcraft's Ind ian~Tribes . Vol. 3~~p.l39. ie53^~
^/
^2L
ADJOINING TBIBBS
The Tl^-h5a-tah-hoi were In oontaot idth five— posslblj
six— different tribes, four of ihioh speak widely different lan-
guages. These are: The Athapaskan Hoopa on the j^eat; the
Kajnfok of Eedoap Oreek on the Iiorthiieai; the Shaatan Ko-ne-«e-ho
of lower Salmon Rirer on the florth; the Hah-to-ke-he-wok of the
Upper Forks of Salnon on the jiortheaet; the Ohenareko on the
saat and ^outh; and possibly also the Athapaskan Tsa-nung-irtia
for a short distance on the Southwest*
CULTUBS
Saxy Kid was emphatic in explaining that oii ng to his
youth when taken by the Hoopa, he remembers very little about his
own tribe. He says his people had no ceremonial or dance houses;
thet thoir dwellings were of bark .vith the smoke hole left as an
opening between two sticks on top; thet they raised tob^sco by
planting the seeds under burnt logs; 4^ that their pipes were
straight.
They buried their dead, and he remarked "it is bad to
bum dead persons". Salt was not found in thoir country bit
"was brought from the far north by geese on their way south in
the fall".
Y This also was the practice of some of the Klamath and Pit River
tribes.
NAM15S THAT HAT^ BR^ USKD FOR THl? TLO-HOM-TAH-HOI
Amntskhwt , . ♦ Giren by Kroeber as Hoopa name for New RiTsr
Indians [Kroeber information (1903). Hdbk. Pt.2, 65, 19lCy»^
later written Amutahwe by Kroeber. Hdbk. Inds. Oalif.. 283.
1925. [Apparently slurred pronunciation of^Tio^iah^^tKhonT
Ohal-tah-soom (also pronounced Sal-das-som) . . . Cheroareko name
for New Rirsr; used by them also for the tribe. Given me by
two members of Ohemaroko tribe— Krs, Sally Noble and Mrs.
Montg(aiery. (c^.
Written by Dixon "toolidasum [djalintasun. dial-
itasGffill-.The Chimariko Indians and Language, p.379. 1910 . dq^s-),
Ohimalaquays . . . Powers. The Northern California Indians.— Over-
land Monthly. Vol. 9. p.l56. 1872.
Ohimalaque and Ohi-mal-a-kwe . . . Powers r-Tribes of Calif. . 72.
91-93. 1877.
Chimalakwe . . , Goddard (after Powers ) r-Li fe & Culture of the
Hupa, p.S, 1903.
^5
Djalitaaon. Djalitasuw, DjalitaBun, djalitaaom, djalintasun .{^. .
^W8tf8»tfti?teitti . . MiMAHnMw »4mi. tK^M^y^fUO^tn
MS^CltSS? ](929. xKf 9iiMPf ^Xfff«]^lflg9\ See Ghal>tah>800B.
E~tah~chin . • • 'Jsual Hoopa name for New RiTer Tribe (meaning
'Easterners J^-
C.i*««»^
E^tehk~na«'lin»nnk~kah kewn-yahn~ne-ahn , . . Another detoriptiye
Hoopa name, meaning 'East River people*.— cm*?-^
/ w
Klo~me-.tah~hwa and Tlo-raafa-tah-hot . , , Hoopa pronunciations for
Tlo«'hom-'tah»hoi .»« c^a^--^
liah»8oo«arrah • . . Heme applied by Karok to both Konomeho and
Tlo»hom~tah»hoi »— ^^^^^ Written kaaha-'erara by Kroeber.—
Hdbk. Inds. Calif., 283, 1925.
New Rjyer Indiana- . . . Name oonmonly applied to Tlo-hom-tah-hoi
of New River, Trinity Co. and sometimes erroneously stretched
to include. the Che-mar-re'-ko . Twenty years ago Dixon wrote
of the New River Indians: "They have no name for themselves,"
—Hdbk. Am. Inds.. pt.2, p.65. 1910.
Z4
Note:— Not to be confused with Yumen tribe of same
name on Colorado Desert (south of Salton Sea and about 60
miles west of Colorado River) mentioned by Col. Roger Jones
in Rept. Commr. Indian Affrs. for 1869, p. 216, 1870; '&t
referred to by Bancroft in Native Races, Vol. 1, 458. 1874,
New River Shasta . . . Dixon, Bull.Am.Museum Nat. Hist.. Vol. 17,
p. 385. July 1907; Kroeber. Hdbk. Inds. Calif,, 109, Diap p. 110.
231, 282. 1925.
Tl<^«hom«tah»hoi (slurred Tlg«hdm'»toi and Tloa~toi) • . . Proper
name of New River tribe as spoken by themselves (given me
repeatedly by old man Saxy Kid, full blood member of tribe r<^*<)
-^^^***=^. CWrUten Tir'omitta-.hoi by Kroeber /tet erroneously
-fctM.
supposed^to bO/^Hoopa name for, Chemereko.— Hdbk. Inds. Calif.,
110. 130, 1925.
TLO-fiOM-TM-HOL
Names applied to Tlo-bom-tah-h9J hy other tribes
E-no]
)^
Our name for our own tribe Tlo-hom-tnh-^^-j
New River t ribe called —
E-nok-'ohin
E-tah^chJTi
i-na-lin^uk-kah kewp-y
ople
by SSfizEaii
%
\
/
TLOHOMTiiHHOI
FROM HOOPAH INFORMAKT :
Called by Hoopah f-^-h ftli]c^p a-1 in-na-kah * New River
Indians. Ranged north to crest of range above Denny*-to
Mary Blaine; west to Humboldt county line along crest of
divide between Horse Linto and Cedar Creeks on the west
and New River on the east, and easterly to divide between
French Creek and North Fork Trinity.
Spoke a dialect closely related to Hoopah.
Rancher ia; At junction main New River with E. Fork New
River (on bar), Tsa-nah-ning-ah-tung : At Quimby, Klo-nes-
tung; at Sally Nobles below Panther Creek, Ki-oo^j^-wet-tung:
at Martha Ziegler^ s . ^Kek-kah-na-^tyng.
\
K
TLOHOMTAHHOI
TLOflOMTAUUOI
J-ROM HOOPAH IKFORk^NT:
Called by Hoopah E-tahk-na-lin-na-kah. Hew RiTer
Indians. Ranged north to crest of range abcre Denny— to
Mary Blaine; west to Humboldt county 1 ne along crest of
divide between Horse Linto and Cedar Creeks on the west
and Mew River on the east, and easterly to divide between
French Creek and North Fork Trinity.
Spoke a dialect closely related to Hoopah.
Rancheria: At junction main Mew River with E. Fork New
River (on bap), TBa-nafa-ping-ah-tuni^; At Quiaby, gifizHei^
tung; at Sally Nobles below Panther Creek, ^i^n^^^^^ft^^^igif;;
at Martha Ziegler's, iek-kah-na^tung.
E-.tahk-na-lin-a-kah
so called by Hoopah
The E-tahk-na-lin-a-kah lie east of the Tin-nung-
hen-nao . occupying the entire drainage basin of New River
from a few miles above its mouth to the summit of the
high divide separating its waters from those of Salmon
River on the north. Their western boundary runs from
Trinity summit southerly along the Humboldt Trinity Co.
line and to the north of Trinity summit follows the divide
separating the waters of Redcap Creek (which belongs to
the Kah-rok) from those of Virgin Creek, a tributary of
New River. Their eastern boundary appears to hatie been
the divide separating the waters of the branches of New
River, known as East Fork and Devils Canyon, from those
of Big French Creek and North Fork Trinity River. The
south part of this divide is known as Green Mountains.
It appears therefore that the E-tahk-na-lin-a-kah
are in contact with five, possibly six, different tribes,
namely: the Hoouah on the west; the Kah-rok of Redcap
Creek on the northwest; the l^onomehoo of Salmon River on
the north; The Kahootineruk of South Fork Salmon on the
northeast; the Chemareko on the east and south; and ap-
parently also the Tsanimgwha across Trinity River on the
southwest •
■i
TfcilMftiiW'lN
{
TLOHO
80 called by Hoooal^
The E-tahk»na~lin>a>kafa lie east of the Tin-nuny
hfflj-nao f occupying the entire drainage basin of New River
from a few miles above its mouth to the summit of the
high divide separating its waters from those of Salmon
River on the north. Their western boimdary rtms from
Trinity suamit southerly along the Humboldt Trinity Co.
line and to the north of Trinity summit follows the divide
separating the waters of Redcap Creek (which belongs to
the Kah-rok) from those of Virgin Creek, a tributary of
Hew River, Their eastern boimdary appears to haiie been
the divide separating the waters of the branches of New
River, known as last Fork and Devils Canyon, from those
of Big French Creek and North Fork Trinity River, The
south part of th s divide is known as Green Mountains.
mSmammmmmllKJmmmm
are in contact with five, possibly six, different tribes,
namely: the Hoonah on the west; the Kah-rok of Redcap
Creek on the northwest; the Kononehoo of Salmon River on
the north; The Kahootinenik of South Fork Salmon on the
northeast; the Chemareko on the east and south; and ap-
parently also the Tsanungwh^ across Trinity River on the
!i
\
southwest.
The B-trfik-na-lin-na-kah (Continued)
I \j
TilJ? E-Tx.aK-N/i-LlN-NA-OH
(Al> Athapaskan tribe related to the Uoopah)
The territory of the i?-t«hV-n»~] in-na-kah or
H^p^ Pivnr Inriiang" embraced the entire drainage basin of
New
River, reaching northward to the creat of the hi^h
mountains separating the headwaters of New River from
certain tributaries of Salmon River on the north. On the
west, the boundary followed the lofty r^ivide from Salmon
ounm
it to Trinity Summit (between the waters of Virgin Creek
on the east and those of Redcap Creek on the west), and thence
southerly along tie continuation of the same divide ^7hich there
separa
tes the waters of New River on the east from those of
Horse-Linio and Cedar creeks on the west. On the east the
boundary appears to have been the divide between the waters
of North Fork Trinity and those of French Creek.
The l^-tntlk-f^-T^"'-""-^"^ therefore were a mountain
people, surrourded save on the routh by lofty peaks and ridges.
vAiiU to the south the deep narrow canyon of Trinity River
formed a barrier in thr.t direction. There were ho open valleys
.-m.
in their territory, and no flat lands of any extent, the entire
country being mountainous and continuously forested, \*ile the
swift flowing streams are far down in the bottoms of deep gorges.
New River itself, from above Panther Creek to its junction -ith
the Trinity, lies hidden in a narrow defile along vhose precip-
itous cliffs the tortuous trail is in places 2,000 feet above
the foaming waters .•
Gane anincils— elk, deer, black and gri'-.zly bears,
raccoons, grouse, and quail— were common, and excepting the
elk and grizzly are still plentiful, though the Indians who
used to hunt them are on the verge of extinction.
The TJ;it«hV-nfl-lin'-nfi-kah were in contact with six
tribes representing four linguistic stocks, namely: The
iithcpnskan TinLmingJhen-na-o or tJQQpah. on the west; the Karok
of Recap Creek on the northwest; the Shastan Konorohpo^ Salmon
River on the north; the presumably Shastan Kah-hQo'-tJln-e'-ruk
I0.
The E-tahk-na>lin<iina^kah (Continued)
of South Pork Salmon on the northeast; the unique fl
I .
''»
on the east and south; the Athaposkan Tsa^nunp^-whS on the
south'vwst.
Their language closely resembled that of the
Tin-nune-hen-nfl-Q, or Hofipali,. They were called Chal'^tah^goom
by the
I have ascertaiiiBd the location? and names of four
of their villages, all on New River. They may have had others.
K,t«hk>na>linLTifi>k»h villa Pes fall on New Pjver):
TsS-nah'-ning-oh-tung ... At junction of East fork ',vith main
New River (on bar).
* >
Klo-nes-tung ... At Quinby.
Ki-ooO^-wet-tung ... At Sally Noble's place just S of Panther Creek
r
'Kek-kah-na-tung ... At Martha T.iegler^s place.
i ' i V ! ^
/
Klo-me-tah-wha — - Hoopah name for Salmon River Indians.
Ranged south over summit to Grizzly Creek and headwaters
of New River. Language wholly different.
Klo^-ae-tah-wha — - Hoopah name for Salmon River Indians^
Ranged south over summit to Grizzly Creek and headwaters
of New River* Language wholly different •
V
it
a-
I
I
/
• * ' ' ^ AoLWV-'woLAvVv-'VveoWosVv >w^ H^.vnt'KVv^x IvJCv.ql'VvS
^
f
^ Vs.Vt)~Vv<i.S~\:vviKq. ed: ^f>ii^,ji.vr^ «Jc*3^ e^ ^ul'V^^
%
"5-
^ ' \e^W- WW- \voLAvJ^WOI . GC^ /WjUNlfcUxk 'ZZuxXsj^ 4JU>-^
^ D Vv.>\C3Cv\^Tx vvC>\vi^^
C TAkx^-%^ |kaAaX^ W^^il> "V -tx^ TSJL- >^^LW<-^A^^<<^4l
S^. fVV^-Vyvek ( oX^\Vv^-O^Vwft\0. 6LA.-fv><xjL.^^To^Vx^^ ClXj^jj;:^ \^ti. wJ^^oJU^y^O^
(ljk-.jfc>XM -i'^-'^i'- — ) W^^.^siSb^ ^L
S-^-jCfc\^ '^^uJl«_
C. Tl-Wcc^ e^vSvV VolVv-V^^^ > &^vv lot/w,<A— j^lX^-^^
^ S-^-vCfc^ ^E^jJZJTv vvvv^
cH^^w^
I
THE MEW ?iim rmm - Th^.^^^^^^^-
New River Irdisns: "Tliey hciTe no name for ther^selves." —
Eoland Dixon in Hdbk. tm. Inds. pt . 2. p. 65 1910
• • • Given by Kroeber es Hoopa n^:me for New
River Indians* — Kroeber information (1903) » Hdbk* 2,
65, 1910. (Simplified to Amutahwe> Kroeber Hdbk. Inds.
Crlif. 1925 •)
Qbal-tab-s^qwi • • Ohemurreko geographic neme for New
fiiver; used also for tribe/ — ^^A^t^-^
fi-
Written PjeUt^gpR by Kroeber 1910
and
Chi^Rln cinnf^ and
Powers, Tribes Calif, 72
91^95- 1877.
BjalitasQD . . ♦ . Ohemareko name for Hew River Indians
(Kroebor information) Hdbk. 2, 65, 1910.- ?:^^^^'-^^^^^'^-^^\^
E^talwchin . ♦ • Hoopa name for New River Tribe ~C.Hart
Merriam
-2.
?.^tB hk^nh^lin-'nuk^^X^ • . • Another Hoopa name ineaning $Bet
River [ New Riverj^^^people
HQO^Diip^ne^<
• •
Chemarreko name for tribe on
Soutfc Fork Salmon River. V/ritten Hunomichu knd
Hunomichhu by Kroeber / Hdbk. Inds. Ctllf. 110, 283,1525
Klo^me«>tah'^hw^ ♦ ^ . Hoopa name* See Tlo-mch-tah-hoi
Mah?^soo^ar^rah «
Karok name for both Konomeho
and South Fork Salmon River Tribes
Their name for theisselvea as
given me by full blood member of tribe (old n^n Saxy
Kid) ~ C* Hart Merrism
Written Tl Xamitta^hoi by Kroeber and Supposed by him
to be Hoopa name for Chemarreko — Udbk. Inda. Calif,
no. 1225.
u^;^f^^-^^f<^t^^^
HrC<i ^Q^'Vv-O.'Vw.^S
Jtu^^UL. ^*l.*_a^^Uj ^CLX^t KiJl, o wV^ ^coi^viUftV^ • • -TWA^Jgt|^c^
TUvOo^
Yj.lla^es on New I^vy (^H^,e^^ JL.^^^p^>j:
L. Tsa-nah-ni ng^-ati^'tung at New River Porks, at junction of
East Fork with imin New River. On the bar or flat.
2. Klo-nes-tung. At present site of Qiiiraby.
3. Ki^'-odi^ -wet^tung> At Sally Noble's place about i mile
below mouth of Panther Creek.
f ^
4. ^ Kek-'kah'-na*- tung . At Martha Ziegler^s place.
"^xJJjlK
^ . .i.-t^w^-
- - c! Wo^V^ VolW- S OoVw.
«' <\ ^^
i
Vv.QOC'oV
.SWa^sV-^ ^vvfltA-^oL^ •. ^ —
I
NAMES THAT HAVE BEEN USED FOE THE NEW BIVBB TBIBB
New RJTer Indiapg; ''They heve no name for themselTes.**--
Boland Dixon In Hdbk. Am. Inda. pt. 2. p. 65,1910
Amatakhwo . . . (iiyen by Kroeber as Hoopa neme for New
Riyer Indians; — Kroeber information (1903), Hdbk.. 2,
65, 1910. Later written Amntehwe by Kroeber, Hdbk.
Inda. Calif., 283, 1925. [Apparently slurred pronum-
cietion of Tlo-mah-tah~hoi . ]
Ghal«tah»30om . . Chemareko name for New Eirtr and used
by them also for the tribe(C.H.M.'). «i(rittfaa by Kroeber
Djaliteson CHdbk. Am. Inds. pt. 2, p. 65, 1910); and
Djalitaflum Hdbk. Inds. Oalif. 110 & 283, 19251.
Chimalaquays and Qhi~mal-.a~kwe— Powers , Tribes Cfclif, 72,
91-93. 1877.
E.tah»ohin . . . Hoopa nar.e for Mew River Tribe. —O.H.M.
-2.
,1
MH
gltahk^na^lin'^nuk^kah kewn-^vahn^ne^ehn • . Another dee-
oriptive Hoopa name, meaning "Bast Eiver people^ ~C»H«M«
Klo*me-tah'^hifa and Tlo^Tnah^tah^hoi • . Hoopa pronunciations)^
Mat^^flQOr-arrflh • • N^me applied by Karok to both Konomehoo and
Tl(:f^h?to--tah*-'>hoi>^eii.ww
HH Ttf. I. ■ I 1^^. ... I I I II I I ,
, , r(slurred Tlom-toi)
Tlo-hCm»tah-hoi)^ . . Proper name of New Eiyer tribe as
given nae reoeatedly by|tull bloo^Tmember of tribe?) old
man Saxy Kid,|«^Written Tl 'omitta-hoi^ by Kroeber, Uocb
erroneously supposed Vv him to be Hoopa name ^ot
Chemareko — Hdbk. Inds. Oalif. 110, 1925.
fU^ j2.^
l^Y
tUxi
:>?
Kew Rlrer Indiani . • Twnty year? ago Dixon wr6t«; "They
heve no nane for themselTos.^o-Hdbk* An. Indf.,pt. 2,
p. 65, 1910.
t
New River Shasta • • « Dixon, Bull. AB.Uuseim Hat. Hiat.. Vol.17,
p. 385, July 1907
Tlo>hoB»tah-hoi (slurred Tloia»h6«-toi and Tlo«~toi) . . Proper
t
neme of Kew River tribe as given ne repeatedly by old man
Saxy Kid. full blood member of tribe.-/vi*T?ritten fl ^onitta-hof -^m
by Kroeber but erroneously fuppoaed by him to be Hoopa name
for Ohemareko.— Hdbk. Inds. Calif. 110. 130. 1925.
B-tah^chin . . Oaual Hoopa name for New Rirer Tribe. ~e^*^
Eltahk»n8~lin»nuk»kah keim-yahn~ne~ahn . . Another deaoriptire
V't(^\««^
Hoopa name, meaning "Bast Biter people"—
Klo»me«tah~hwa and Tlo»mah-tah»hoi . • Hoopa pronunciations for
Tlo^hon^tahf^ho i » -»> cm^^^
Mah~8oo-'arrah . . Name applied by Karok to both Konomehoo and
Tlo-hom-tah-hoi . —
^Written Maahn~arara by Kroeber. —
Hdbk. Inda. Calif.. 283, 1925.
New River Indiana . . Name commonly applied to Tlo-hom-tah-hoi
of New Eiver, Trinity Co. but sometimea erroneously
stretched to include the Che-mar-re-ko. Not to be confused
with Yuman tribe jCpnCplorado Desert south of Salton Sea
(and about 60 miles west of Colorado River) mentioned by
Col. Roger Jones in Rept. Commr. Indian Af frs. for 1869,
p. 216, 1870; and referred to by Bancroft in Native Races
Vol. 1. 458, 1874.
K. CHEMAREKO STOCK
KliO^I Q^S-7 C/u.,rL^^lch -' S^hlO^€(^or/ijjh^
Q^os^Cb
^O \^
MMtK«.
CHHCARMO
From Hoopah informant
Chemareko called by Hoopah • • • Yin-nah-chin (south people)
Extended from Hyampom northerly to Cedar Flat and easterly
along main Trinity to Canyon Creek; and northerly into the
hign mountains from the divide between French Creek and H.
Pork Trinity River on the west to Canyon Creek on the east^
as far north as lattlesnake Creeks
LPreviously learned from the Mor-rel-muk of Hayfork
(a Wintoon tribe) that the dividing line along ^ayfork
Creek between themselves and the tribe in question (called
by them Hyembos) lay along Miner Creek*]
Language wholly different from Hoopah •
The Hoopah say that the presence of this tribe on
Trinity River west of Cedar Bar, and on lower New River,
is a comparatively recent intrusion*
F
CHEMAREKO
From Hoopah informant
Chemareko called by Hoopah Yin-nah-chin (south people)
Extended from Hyampom northerly to Cedar Flat and easterly
along main Trinity to Canyon Creek; and northerly into the
hi^ B^omtains from the divide between French Creek and N.
Fork Trinity River on the west to Canyon Creek on the east,
as far north as Rattlesnake Creek.
LPreviously learned from the Nor-rel-muk of Hayfork
(a Wintoon tribe) that the dividing line along Hayfork
Creek between themselves and the tribe in question (called
by them Hyembos) lay along Miner Creek.]
Language wholly different from Hoopah.
The Hoopah say that the presence of this tribe on
Trinity River west of Cedar Bar, and on lower New River,
is a comparatively recent intrusion.
k- lf^i>-^'^f^^^ ^^^^ ^^-^^^
^
v>.'
V • '«.*c
■GHmiARSKO TBI BE
V. ^ 1 ^. ' Their Name? for Adjacent Tribes
Hichhu --- Qhomaroko nnmo For Hoopah.— Kroeber, Hdbk. Inds.
Calif. 110, 1925.
^tb^'»'^^*r^~ llames used by Adjacent Tribes for Ghemflreko
Kwoshonipu
Tromitta-hoi
Name "probably" used by "Shasta of Salmon River"
[supDOsedly KonomeholrKroeber information
(1903), Hdbk. Pt. 1. 270 (1907)
Kroeber says: "The Hupa knew the Chimarijco.
as Tl'omitta-hoi."^-Hdbk. Inds. Calif. 110,,
I
CHEMAREKO INPOEMATION PH)M 'M%. BU3U OF UYAIiPOM. THINITY COUNTY I
ObtainBd by me in August 19El-,5^^^y^ ■
Bush pronounces the tribal name slightly differently from I
|he n^»n«riikQ women (Sallie Noble and Lucy Montgomery), giving I
|t as nhft,malr«>-ko. v*iile they agree on fflft-mar-e-kP* I
T^j^j^rfdwri fta : I
VJestern limit, summit of South Pork Mountain; soutiiern limit I
llummer Creek; northeastern limit Canyon Creek. The OhftTOrekO I
i«wned the country between North Pork Trinity and Canyon Creek I
and probably French Creek also. I
I
' I
Rp^prftphjJQ Names: I
Hyampom Valley ....... Mi-chah (also village of same name) I
South Pork Mountain . . . . Hatch-im-tsa-tah (meaning "long ridge")
I
South Pork Trinity Hver . . Sum-na-a-mah I
Taylor Flat. ........ Che-chan-mah |
Big Plat Chin-hap'-mo
lillflgfifl.:
At Hyaapom (jure ti on of Hay Pork Creek with .
South Fox* Trinity) . • Mi-cnan |
At Upper end of Hyampom Valley . • • ; • • • Maht'-tet-sa (or Siah'-tet-sa
About a mile aoove Hyampom, on mat is
now the SB comer of the Olson place. It
was the main winter quarters of the trioe.
There used to be a big sweat-house nere.
At Big Plat • • • • Chin-hap'-mo^
At Burnt Ranch Ohoo'^pm-taiche
At Cedar Plat
At Taylor Plat • ,• • • .Che-chan-mah
The Nor-rel-muk of Hay Pork were called Patohlkoo-wi. and came over
as far as the headwaters of Indian valley.
The Hettenshaar people are Wi'-lfik-ke.
CHEMAREKO INPQBM&TION FBDM ABE L. BUSH OF HYAMPOM, TRINITI wur
Obtained by me in August 19E1^6»vvw.
Bush pronounces the tribal name slightly differently from
the GhfiTfiar'eko women (Sallie Noble and Lucy Montgomery), giving
it as nhfl-Tn6ire~ko. vitoile they agree on 0hQ-nigr-9-k0,»
Sfijjflda
Western limit, summit of South Pork Mountain; southern limit
Plunmer Creek; northeastern limit Canyon Creek. The Qheirgr^ltO
owned the country between North Fork Trinity and Canyon Creek
and probably French Creek also.
Hyampom Valley ....... Mi'-chah (also village of same name)
South Fork Mountain .... Hatch-im-tsa-tah (meaning "long ridge")
South Pork Trinity Eiver . . Sum-na-a-mah
Taylor Plat. . Che-chSri-mah (p^--^ "^^^^^^-t^ *-— ''~*-^'^
Big Plat Chin-hap'-mo ( '* '• - " ^
'' lrtrfoiiTri*i??yf .^/°^' ?"^' "''. Mi'-chah
At Upper end of Hyampom Valley •..;:•• Maht-tet-sa (or Mah-tet-sa
About a mile above Hyampom, on vnhat is
now the SB comer of the Olson place. It
was the main winter quarters of the^ tribe.
There used to be a big sweat-house here.
At Big Plat • • Chin-hap'-mo
At Burnt Ranch • {?Seon^v?I^J^?*
At Cedar Plat
At Taylor Plat ,• • Che-chan-mah
The Nor'-rel-muk of Hay Pork were called Fatch-kQ9-^l . and came over
as far as the headwaters of Indian Valley.
The He ttensh aw people are MklalL=kfl.'i
CHEMAREKO
Naaes applied to phemareko by other tribes
.St^.
.vjpJra^OYO.
Called ilannahzofeiB (' south people*) by BOQ-pah
Called Qz^a^
by
cW.>.Au.^'^>^"^--^^^-
V^^wAvtv v^-VsafiL^
doiSuX <i^ ->f.viV2i-Vo
\
'\\m> -\\<yrr\ -Voj|\- V^
CX •■,^wv» '
gjl ^-gEtTcke w^ w
^^^^jj^iBrYvVij^^^
L. YAHNAH STOCK
LJ]Ul(r ^
Jail ^ /W^ cX. IUa' - 5d : ibkii(?0ec(fi^^/jhi.i
/
^y / ^
YAH-rAH OR IIOS-SE TRIBE,
The Yah-nah or Tlos-se are the Bjuce people and formerly rangeed
from Tehama easterly to Round Mt. and Montgomery Creek. The name
Yah-nah seemB to have been applied to the bands on Deer and Mill
Creeks, now liYing west of Mill Creek MoadowB. The name IIob-bg seems
to apply m.ainly to the more ei^t'eVly'bandf.-those on Round Ut. ,
MontRomerv Creek. Oak Run. Clover Creek, and the west side of Lassen
Butte.
_ /
Kombo Midoo name for llos-se or Yahnah.
Nosi. Ho-se. Koser. Kos-se. Koza, Kozi-various BpelllnRS..Ko8-Be is
for theoselves, at least at Round Mt. and Jiontgomery Creek/
their name
Te'-inow-vre;...Hat Creek (.Nh-tsoo-ka-e) name for IJos-se,
. f
Te-si-che Modes'se name for Kos-se.
Yah-nah . . .
Same as Kos-se. But Yah-nah is their word. for people,
•"Si^ thlir people, ^ile IJos'-se is their trioal na
for themaelveB.
name
/
Y A H - N A H
Journal 1907, p. 150.
September 6, 1907. In a small clearing on the east side of
Round Mt.ais the house of a Pit River Indian (Mo-des'-se tribe) aad
'A ■ '
teie aged v/ife wb^ belongs to the Yah-nah tribe. They tell me that the
Pit River Indians call the Yalwi^ Te^-si-che, and that the
Win-too call them N5s-si or lloz-zi*
I got from, them, in both languages, the names of mammals, birds.
reptiles, fishes, and plants; and also some geographic and other names.
u^
Later: A Yah-nah man tells me that their own name for their own
tribe is l!?Jz-ze,— p Yah-nah being^their word for Indian people.
Their country extended from Montgomery Hill or Creek westerly to
Middle Creek at Tehama and northerly to Montgomery Creek and^iiir creek
at Woodman* s.
m?
K-ja. vus^
cCfe;.
t^t± i^riuV LTtr^^^^^^^'i-'^'S:^. ^^^^ t
M. POMO STOCK
^
m/i9^«,'C.c/G-^?
V*0<AO
|i i
6^71"^
CLASSIFICATION OP POMOAN TRIBES
By C. Hart Merriam
My studies of the laiguages of the various tribes of
Pomoan stock indicate the following divisions :
(1) ThANQHTHBRN DIVISION, comprising:
The Mah^-to-Do'-mah. reaching westerly from Sherwood
Valley TO the coast, and on the east including
the Buk-ko#^po^mah of Outlet. Greeks, ,^^ .
mi-mah, reaching westerly from Little Lake )
nffniits) Valley to the coast, anjLjoiiJLilJ^-^
east including the Show-^mul' po^mah^Members of
the tribe living on or near the coast are
called Bool-dah or Eoor->dam by neighboring
tribes, but the area included is undefined and
has no tribal or sub-tribal sigiif icance. The
same is true of the term No-^yo-chut'-te applied
to inhabitants of the Noyo-Fbrt Bragg region.
Thfi l^fihLbe^tsimime poWah of Warner Valley;
The Po^moUcQ ohah^ of Potter Valley;
The Ma-soo-tah-ke-ah of Calpella and Redwood
Vallejrs;
The Mah-too'^gb of Cold Creek Valley;
ch
The Ki.j|ow-bah- of Blue Lake?, Batchelor Valley
and Tuie Lake.
CREEK DIVISION, comprising:
The Sho-te-ah of Stony Pord in the southwestern
corner of Glenn County. Their language in-
dicates rather close relationship with trihes
of the Northern Division, to which they might
he referred.
YQKIAH^EQYAH DIVISION, comprising;
The Boi-vah of the Coast region from Little Eiver
south to Pish Rock (a few miles north of
Gualala mouth);
01 assif. Pomoan
V
The Kan~no-ah of the coast between Pish Rock
and Gualala mouth, reaching inland over the ^,^\,v,,i
entire drainage' hasin of North Pork Gualala.*- or«.*\?<>,
The Tah-bah-ta of Anderson Valley (Boonville
region);
The Lah'-ta of Yorkville region.
The Yo-ki-ah of Russian River Valley from
ickerman Creek north of Ukiah, southerly to
the hills separating Yokiah Valley from
I^ma Valley;
The She-a-ko of Lama and Largo Valleys on
" Russian River;
The aho'..ko~ah (also called Sha-nel') of Hopland
Valley on Russian River;
The Den-no 1-vo ke'-ah crossing the Pieta section
of Russian River;
The Yo-buki-ka-ah crossing the Echo region of
Russian River.
Thfl y[|iyH-MQ-GHUM-MI of Cloverdale Valley on
aii5f^i2ii«is
The Mft'-hin-kow-nah of lower Dry Creek.
The Shah-kow-we chum-mi of upper Dry Creek.
The We'-shah-chum-mi of Rock Pile and Buckeye
Creeks .and westerly to the coast.
TAT-TAH of the Healdsburg-Santa
comprising;
The Kah^Ltah-we chum-mi of the Healdsburg sec-
tion of Russian River;
The Bah- tin' kab-lfi chowiwe of oebastopol.
The Mei-dah-kah tum^mi of Santa Rosa region and
n Valley (called Bah'-numftahitah by the
neighboring K,ah'-tah-we chum'-mi).
Rincon Valle
b
Pomoan trices
of the coast region from Black,
warts Point south to Duncan Point,
a few miles south of Russian River mouth.
^ or Clear Lake Division, com-
(7) The
prising;
The DanzHQ^zkah and lo=fil^=lek of Upper Lake and
the Middle Creek region;
The ^^n,fll'-ke'-ah^of ooott Yalley;
The She-Jam of the east side of the main ^o^y of
ClStH^e from the Narrows south to Bartlett
Landing and Floyd Hill;
The K^i~1an-nalt)0 and H.ah-hQ-]ar-p9. of Big Valley
south of Uiear Lake.
(8) The
n,. m-m:R jAKt DIVISION (calling them-
L+'q and t,Jp-tim-fo)fdil-
to■r^r^a Tniicn more wiaeiv from the other divisions
thai Iny of them from ?ne another. They regard
themselves as comprising 3 ^^J^tj^^.f vfijge^^°^
the 3 islands on which the principal villages
seem to have been situated, namely:
K^mUnt-im-fo on Komldot Island on the west side
of the northern part of Lower Lake;
Koi'-im-fo on Koi-e Island at the south end of
Lower Lake;
El'-lem-fo on Bllem' Island at the east end of
'^^ttlt Bay (commonly called Sulphur Bank Arm).
Triba
LIST OP INDIAN TRIBES OP POiO STOCK .
With Naies of Haps oB ffhioh Each Ooours
Um^ nil »hifth Triba apyaaaf
fyiO sTnng
BO-AL KA-AH
BOOL^DAM POUAH
BOlYAH
BDK-KOW-HAH
Trtba
PQMQ STOCK (Cont'd.)
) 1917
Calif Hat Porrat
Calif Nat Pores t
Calif (Northern part— hig mi^}
Lakeport
Uofidooino Co Calif 1921
Har Calif—Pnhlie Baada & Irrig
Ukiah
DAN-NO-KAH
(big) 1922
Calif (Narthorn part— big mi^)
Pt. Bragg
Glaablair
Ma&aoeino Co Calif (big) 1919
HaadooiBO Co Calif IdSl ,_ ,
Rar Calif— Pahllo Bm&b & Irrig (big)
4
DEN-NOL-YO KSAH
1922
Albion
Calif (Northern part— big as^)
Pt Bragg
Mandoeino Co Calif flig) 1919
Mandeoino Co 6alif
Har Calif
Ornbaan
Pt Arena
Saddle Pt
Sonasa Co
Pttblia Beads & Irrig (big) 1922
Calif
Sene«a & Marin Coontiea Calif 1906
HAB-Bg NAEPO
HAM-PO
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Peres t 1924 ,
Calif (Northern part— big nap)
_„ l9io^8o Calif (big) 1919
Hendooino Co Calif 1921 ^ , . . ,
Nor Calif —Public Roads & Irrig (bxg)
Willi ts
^^
1922
HO-ALiLEK
-SI -
Mflffl on »hifth Triba appears
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1921
Calif (Northern part— big mm)
Hnllville
Lakeport
Hendooino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Pnblic Roads & Irrig
(big) 1922
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1924
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Hopland
Kelseyrille
Uendodino Co Calif 1921^ ,^
Hendeoino Co Calif (big) 1919
Nor Calif— Public Road
s % Irrig (big) 1922
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Kelseyville
Lakeport
Mendocino Co Calif 1921
Bartlett Springs . . ,^,^
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 192l
Calif (Northern part— big me^)
Kelseyville
Lakeport
Lower Lake
Mendocino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif Land Office
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrii
(big ) 1922
Tu-levyo-me & Mi-yahkimah— MS Photostat OHM
Lakepor t
Mendocino Go Calif 1921
— 's5C -
Tribfl
POMQ RTQGK (Cont'd.)
— /
KAH-BA-HO or,
WB-3HAH CHUMMI
KAH-BB-TSIM-MB
POMAH.for KAH-
SHI-DA-MAIO
KAH-CHI-AH
(KAH-SHI-DA-ML)
POMAH or KAH'-BE-
TSIM-MB
Miip« on ithjfth Tribe appear a
Calif (Northern part --big map)
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 ^ ^ /v ^ -.00^
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Ombaon
Plantation
Pt Arena
Skaggs
Sonoma Co Calif ^. ^ ,_ ,_^_
Sonoma & Marin Counties Calif 1908
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 19
Calif iNorthern partT-big raKo)
Mendooino Co Calif (big) X9l9
Mendocino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig
Pe»o (Potter Valley)
WiUits
(big) 1922
Calif (Northern part— big m^)
Duncans Mills
Mendooino Go Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig
Plantation
Sebastopol
Skaggs
Sonona Co Calif « , . -
Sonima & Marin Counties Calif
(big) 1922
1908
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1924 .
Calif (Northern part--big mm)
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 .
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Porno (Potter Valley)
Willi is
- ^ -
Mifl.
Maps on whi
PfVMQ STOCK (Cont'd.)
lH-TAH-WE-CHDlA[I
or WE-SHUMi-TAT- ,
TAH Tor SO-DB-AH)
Calif (Northern part—big map)
Calistoga
Healdsburg . , , , , „„,
Mendooino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big)
Santa Rosa
Sebastopol
Skaggs
Sonoma Co Cfaif ^, ^ ... ,-^_
Sonoma & Marin Counties Calif 1908
1922
KAN-NO-AH,
or KO-NO-AH
Calif (Northern part--big map)
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendooino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Ombaun
Pt Arena
Sonoma Co Calif , , « , . . , r^a
Sonoma & Marin Counties Calif 1908
KI-Y0WlBAH<lfr
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1931
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Lake port
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 .
Nor Calif —Public Roads & Irrig
Ukiah
(big) 1922
%^ y^t
KOO^LA-NA-PO ,
or KU-LAN-NAP-PO
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1924
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Kelseyyille
Lakeport
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 .
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig
(big) 1922
- 4. -
Triba
T^MQ STOCK (Cont'd.)
UH-Ti'
MAH-KAH-MO CHUHkl
MAH-KOWiSHA band
WB-SHAH OHUMMI
MAH-SOO-TAH KA-AH
MAH-TOO-GO
Calif Nat Forest 1924
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Hopland
Mendocino Co Calif 1921^ ^^^^
Mendocino Co Calif I^ig) 1?19 /^, \ ,qoq
Nor Calif —Public Roada & Img (big) 19E2
Ornbaun
Calif (Northern part— big msg)
Uealdsburg
Ilopland
Kelseyville
Mendocino Co
Mendocino Co
Calif (bif) 1919
«««uuuxuv vv Calif i9al ■ ^ .^ .
Nor Calif— Public Roads * Irrig (big)
Sonoma Co Calif ■ ,„ ,-^„
Sonoma & Marin Counties Calif 19CH^
1922
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Plantation
Calif Nat Forest (Mg) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1921 .
Calif (Northern part—big me© )
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 /v \ -.ooc
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Orrs , , V
Pomo (Potter Valley)
Ukiah
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 19^ . ,
Calif Northern part— big map)
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Img (big) 1922
Ukiah
- ^5? -
Tribe
Majw on irfiiah Tribe appears
(Cont'd.)
MAH-TO PdlA
Bransoomb
Calif Nat Forest 1924 .
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Ft Bragg
Glenblair
Laytonrille , , ,^,^
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 ^ ^ . . ,^^„
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Westport
Willits
ME-DAH-KAr CHUMMI
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Santa Rosa
MB-HIN-KOW-NAH
or MA-HI N-KOW-NAH
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Healdsburg .^ ,^^
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 , . . ,
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big)
Skaggs
Sonoma Co Calif
Sonoma & Marin Counties Calif 1908
1922
MB-TO-MAH
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1924 . .
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Glenblair . ^ , ,^,-
Mendocino Co Calif (Me) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 . . . ,^^^
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Orrs
Willits
- (6 -
Tribe
fQMP STOCK (Cont'd.)
PO-MO-KB-OHAH
SHAH-K0W-W2 OEUmi
she-aIko
SHB-KUM
Maps OB ?f hi oh Tri^g acpgars
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 19Z4
ialif (Northern part— -big. nap)
I^dooino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Pome (Potter Valley)
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Healdsburg
Hopland
Nor Calif— Public Hoads & Irrig
Ombaan
Skaggs
Sonoma Co Calif
(big) 1922
i
1919
Calif Nat Forest
Calif N^t Forest
Mendooino Co Calif
Mendocino Co Calif
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big)
Orrs
Ukiah
1917
1922
Bartlett Springs ,
Calif Nat forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1921
Calif (Northern part — big map)
Lakeport
Mendooino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif Land Offioe
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig
,?
Irila
PQMQ STQflIC (Cont'd.)
SHO-KOrAH
or SHA-NBL
SHO-MUL POMAH
TAH-BO-TA
WEiSHAH CHUMki
or KAH-BA'-HO
(big) 1922
- rt' -
^^p on ^'i
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1924
Calif (Northern part — big map)
Hopland
Mendooino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads 8t Irrig (big)
1922
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1924
Calif (Northern part — big map)
Mondocino Co Calif (big) I9l9
Mendocino Co Calif 19^
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig
Porno potter Valley]
Willi ts ^
(big ) 1922
Calif Nat Forest 1924
Calif (Northern part — big map)
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif —Public Roads & Irrig
Ombann
Orrs
(big) 1922
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mondocino Co Calif 1921
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Ombaun
Plantation
Pt Arena
Skaggs
Sonoma Co Calif
Sonoma & Marin Counties Calif 1908
- i -
Tribe
ffih Tr
POMQ STOCK (Cont'd.)
WE-SHDMlTAT-TAH
or KAH-TAH-WB
CHUMil
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Calistoga
Healdsburg
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 ^ , . , .
Nor Calif— Public Roada & Irrig (big)
Santa Rosa
Sebastopol
Skaggs
Sonoma Co Calif ^^ ^ _. ,__
Sonoma & Marin Counties Calif 1908
19E2
YO-BUK' ka'-ah
Calif (Northern part— big map)
Hopland
Mendocino Co Calif (big) 1919
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 . . , ,
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big)
Sonoma Co Calif ^. „ ,,- ,rvxo
Sonoma & Mann Counties Calif 1908
1922
YO-KI-AH
Calif Nat Forest (big) 1917
Calif Nat Forest 1924 .
Calif Northern part— big mm )
Mendocino Co Calif (big) ^$19
Mendocino Co Calif 1921 .
Nor Calif— Public Roads & Irrig (big) 1922
Orrs
Ukiah
l-ke-chah'
Calif Nat Forest
Calif NatFpWt ---- . .
Calif.,iiWmem part— big map)
^ino Co Calif (big) 1919
_enao'?Jino-jCUL Calif 1921
Nor Calif--PuBlt©^fioay4g^& Irri
Pomo (Potter Valley)
''*>-«Hj»iiey.;
- f -
V' -
^
POMOAN TRIBES
(1) The Northern Division
Me-tun^mah ^
Kah-be-tsim-me po^mah
Po-mo-ke-chah'
Ma^8oo-tah-ke-ah
Mah-too-p^o
Ki-ow-bahSb
(2) The Stony Creek Division
Sho-te-ah
(3) Yokiah-Boyah Div.
Bo-yah
Kan- no- ah ^
Tah-bah-tU
^ Lah-t«'v
To-kijah
She-a-ko
Sho-ko-ah
Den-nSl-p ke-ah
Yo-buk-ka-ah
^•e-hin-kpw-nah ^
Shah-kow-we chum-rri
V/e-^shah- churr-mi
(5) We-shunvt/atfT,ttflh ^^s^^^-^
Kah-tah-we chuni-rtii
Bah-tin''kah-le chow-we
Me-dah-kah' txmni
(Pomoan tribes)
(6) Kah-chi-ah
f7) Hah-nah-bahSl?
t
Ean-no-kah and Ho-al-lek
Bo-al- ke-ah
She^kum / ^,
Ku-lan-na-po and Hab-be-na-po
^r
(8) Ha^fo or L^w^r Lake Biviai
Kom-dot-im-fo
Koi-imfo
El-lem-fo
Wmm TRIBES THAT REACH THE COMT
Mrii^opoimh, •xt«nding from T«n Vile Crvek south to ClooM
and Olen Blair and roaohing Muitorly in the interior to
Sherwood Talley and Outlet Creek.
Metuafeiahf extending from Cleone and Glen Blair south to
Little River* and easterly in the interior to inelode
Will its Talley. The members of the tribe inhabitii^
the doastal region are usually called Booldah or Bobldaa
by neighborii^ tribes, but the nans is used in an indefii
sense and is witlwut tribal signifioanoe.
Ba^nah. extending aloqg the ooast frmn Little Biver south
to Fish Book and in the interior reaohing only <to the ,
neighborhood of Christine and to a point a little east of
Comfort, but not to BanoiMria Creek.
Kono(ah. extending from Fish Rook southsasterly to mouth of
Gualala River and easterly to inolude the whole drains^i
basin of Morth Fork Gualala River.
1 e'shahohuBmi . extending from mouth of Gualala River south-
easterly along the ooast to Ohal>.pe-dah' Ranoheria ^at or
near the plaoe known as Del Mar) and easterly in the
interior to the norths-south ridgs at the heads of Rook Pils
Ponoaa tribes readiiqg ooast Z
and Buokeys Creeks; eastern boundary runnii^ near
south along the sunnit of the ridgs from Pkurdaloe
a point three or four miles south of Cole Divide.
Kahphjah, extending from Chah^pe«dah^ Rsnoheria (Del liar) south-
sasterly along the ooast to Dunoan Point Csome say to Salmon
Creek3 a few miles south of the mouth of Russian Riveri and
in the interior to a north»south line whioh oroesos Russian
River a little west of Querns ville.
• w
BOUNDARIES OP POMOAN TRIBES ON OR NEAR COAST
BOOI^DAH: Prom Ten Mile River south to Little River,
including Pt. Bragg, Noyo, Caspar and Big River. In
interior reaches Comptche and probably also Halfway
House.
BO-YAH: Prom Little River south to Pish Rock. In inte-
rior reaches Christine.
WAHL-HOL-LAH: [Called We-shah-chum-mi by some of the
Russian River Tribes] Prom Pish Rock and Walhalla Mt.
south across mouth of Gualala River to Del Mar, and.
including North Pork Gualala River and Rockpile Creek.
Eastern limit unknowa, but not reaching Dry Creek,
where the language is said to be very different.
KAH-SHIrAH: Prom Del Mar south along the Coast, cross-
ing Russian River and reaching a point about 4 miles
south of its mouth. _
POMO TRIBB LISTS MADE
° Boyah (Mrs.U)
' L ch
t Clear Lake: Han-nah~Dan»'
« Clear Lake Porno - "i'^q Va.\\evi.
Hamfo
oKah-chi-ah
^ Kan-no~ah
* Ki-Y0if-l)ah9^
''Mah-kah-BO ohmmni
'^ Xj' ^*>>Vv^^
W^U 0N^<^
flfiilJ including ?^ph-^^-*^ ''^wm
Northern Pomo
includtil:
n
ool^dam pomo ,
M
K^h-i>e.tai|i^ine PQ«Mn maiJcer vaiiey;
Mflhiaoo^"tah-ka-ah (Calpella region)
Man-to o'-go
Mah'-to po^ah (Skenrood Valley)
Me-tuMV-man^lLittle Lake Valley)
Po^Q (Potter Valley) .
Sho-mnl-po-mah (B& SE Little Lake Valley)
oSho-te-ah
gffe-shah-chtm-mi
' We~3hmB-tat-tah
"I^iVN
.vNe\-v*o "^^
oJrw
Ho-Wk-^*-*-^
&7
Ash*o*ohl-ffli^. Knight** Talley and Otyt«rt t« Oalittefa Hot Springs
Bia-lo->kai«peM PoUer Vall«3r
BuIL^daa Peso Big Rirer
:»
Eahto-poiM • , • •Oahto Vi^XXoy
OaMMl^el ^os« T#n HiXt Cr#«k
ChehuXtkla. • « {Quinrood V«aiey
(%iml3«X«»na«p0»Of«.*.ir«Mr Tan Mile Creik
(!li0*a«*oha»Ai«»X* Pos^ t • • CmXpaXo
Cliiim«BuUl«»MYukl)««.Bd6n VaaXey and MlddXa ItX Hirar
])a«pl«»ttLuX«»pdaa* « #• • .Radwood Omnyoa
l«rl»o t « • «Moutli of Ruttlaa Rlrar
l«»rui«ti .Fort Rots
OaX^^Xi^nO'^mi^-ro..,. RaiilMi RlTer ValX«y
awa^^Xi^XA. • t *OuaXmXa Creek
RoahnvAt • • Redwood Peaie
W
Kal«i
Between OeyeerrlXXe end OXoTerdaXe(KlHfiooe? rapa)
Kftlnemero«t •••Rueaian RlTer TalXey vKv-^oLk.\woL'-.v«]
•A
^
' 0
' ■/■
PQHO
%
i
J^r.
Ki«pcad
JBel RiTer and south Fork
Kaci««i«lel foaiti^*««.f UsAl Creejc and coast
^ 4t^
Kafi^taX Pwno.# •..♦.• •Bel RlTtr
>
Ka-to*poaa9 . • V4 . • • • •€|lJ!ito Valley
KcHaa«*cho • ••••••.• ^iSancherla
Anderson Vallsjr
w .M. i^ f
Eul«'Xa«^nap«^ (Hoo«>laii»iia«po) Clsar Lakt
*
Ku»la«kai«»poae. . • • • »fliienr<it4 TaXl^y
r'.
•^
^H^
Ii^onk\acs..««>«ii«^»t.Bull Cr^e'x and south fork Eo:|^ Rji^er
4
*ii-
>.
Matomay Kl Ponos. t... .little Lake
;v.
' 4
•<;;•<
V
Mi»toii«i«-kal<^p)ii^,^»«^|.lttl^ mks
i^
■*
i
^w*^
v..
j-
Mi'»sal«*la«eia«>giiia« « • • • •Botw^sn asysernAlIo sjid ciorercUils
KiahlDella P^nc . . .yi'^rthne^t Mendooi«4 Oft
tribi)
Oi^ye-yun-me ,^ .iCaXistogaCpXaoe md trMrotoldl'me by Coyoto Valltoy 1»
.A'^''^
Pome^-pcLio •..,•••••. .Poster Viaiey , ^^andoolno Co •
Pomo* • « • • » • ..i » • • • •«floM:waters Ssl k l^ytHnim Rl^ors^
^H,
Salan ^^o«ps%# . . . .% .Potter Valley ^
i- '^ ■■■' .., r
SenoX* •i^'t • • • »^^» • • • .^nseXMn Rif^r Valley
i. - . / ■ \- .
Shehslna ^om#.*#^,»fflSienw>0d Viiley
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The folWng ecco^ont of McLeod's trapping ex^di ti on/
in California sLiven by Harry L. Wells in^hapter
entitled 'Great iH.>Sjompanies and Their Ti;^pine Expeditions
to California.' publis^^in Gilbert. «/ls and Charabers.
History of Butte County, d^iforn i a y^ages 97-98. 1882,
Wel^in^te»^-f^H<)m-TjrT«cV^
:^5*tt^
'.
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l!filSIB.
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llahi>kab>ao ^B«i.Bi(?vc'i*t^«»^\V.-.v«3i)
ltoi.4ah«kah^ti^ni ^
Ha-tUB!»ki POBH^
Pottar Val. Pom^ (Pamo-ka-ohah)
3ho*ko'*ah
fah-bahoti ^.
Uppar Laka Han<»nan
We'-ahah-ohiBB^Bi
Io-ki»ah , M » K^x
^l^ijgtan
Kona««a'ohcK>
O«»lnfahnf-»noo«»t«oe
Shaa^ta
/
/
a|o«honaan f{=fftiitV>«m Ptfttal
/.
Chamatr«^a . .
Mohava BlTar Piu^
Hav-^o'-ah /
Mu-Tah'<»an*dl w
Owi-aah-ttai Rei»-oo-ah
Par-ran'-aa^ita-aau-Jtoapa Yal.
Piuta iLal.eopi on flBsXitb:
Tol->ohlni-Ba
4
Banmok
Sm- tin-bit oh
Go-aha-uta
Ko<*ko-he'<»b8h
Mo-ne'--ohB Piuta-*Lona.Pine
Manaoha (Biehop Oraak)
/ Pa-aanp^^a-at-ta Natma
lono Laka Piuta-* . ,
Ko'-t zah-be-d ik-kah'
Him
Panamint Shoahona
<',Jbx\xvU. '\- SAn<)- Vto- a-W--
11,1 - — ■ ^ _ , _^ — . Ill tj II I-"—"
*"*t
Y^
\
ray raother,"
He answered, "All right."
t
0
The old \7oman heard tbe wMsperin,^, and was
suspiQioas\ When she got up in the morning, /^^ had
already left
\
\ • m
TTie old woman went
in
and asked he^' d aught er , "?;ho_^YerG you talking to last
night?"
/
/
The girl Veplied,, "Did you hear ne talk? Maybe
I dreamed,"
/
V
The mother sa^d, "1 know you were talking to
coraehody, I want ypu to tVl ne. Don»t lie to me."
The daughter rli^M. "I will not lie to you,
hut I will not tell you until tombirrow morning."
^er mother insisted, "I \^nt to know_now who
he is,"
\
\
The girl v
\
, 'PU tell you tomorrow
/
morning" f
\
/
/
The old woman de.-wvo.'wM, "I want to know now,"
54
\
W|^>^
Vul^v^'»>~- -^ '^Vj: •
^,glW -"tccW-vw^^^^
^^uutJb^
K.Ct'Vv-'K.o'^*^
^.L.^ ^UJ^^^^^"^^--^^-''^
/V.iJiv!l^»J2-
Sb*-^ d>vii*il«--^
«ijL*.._X4<: -§*^^^***'4***»-
./
UkA^- Ufio. M^^-^ ^ifrt:^^^
BOOHDAPJES OF FOeCAH TRIBES OM OR NFJR 00A3T
?
BOJl^DAH: Fro* T«n I !!• RlT«r south to littlo Rivor,
I
zm't
irclading Ft. Bragg, ::oyo, Caspar end Big River, in
interior roaches Coaptcho and probably also Halfway
House.
BO-'iAH: Froa Little Hiver south to Fish Rock. In inte-
rior reechee Christine.
L-30I^LAH: [Galled ^oiahBh-chuBUl by so«e of the
Rueaian Hirer Tribes] Froii Fish Book and i?alhall8 Mt.
south aoroes south of Gualala Elver to Del Mar. end
including North Fork Gualala River and Rockpile Creek,
Bastem li»it unknoen, but not reaching Dry Creek,
where the langusge is said to be very different.
KAH-SHI-AH: From Del Mar south al^ng the Coast, cross-
ing Russian River and reaching a point abcut 4 piles
south of its wouth._
POMOilN TPIBES TItfT WEACSR TfE OOASt
0
i^opoBtth . •xtendlr^ from T«n Hlle Crwk iouth to Cl«on»
and Olen Blair and reaohins witUrly In the interior to
Sherwood Talley and Outlet Creek.
Mit:
f
'^ii.U::.!i
extendir^ from Cleone and Olen Blair aouth to
Little River, and easterly in the interior to include
Willite Talley. The menfcers of the tribe iidiebiting
the doastal region are ueually oalled Booldah or Booldaa
by nei^oring tribee, but the name ie ueed in an indefini
•enee and ie without tribal eignifioanoe.
Boyah. extend ir«s aloi« the ooaet from Little Bifer eouth
to Fieh Book and in the interior reaching only to the
neighborhood of Chriatine and to a point a little eaet of
Comfort, but not to Banoheria Creek.
iTonokh. extendire f**«n Fi^^ ''ook eoutheaaterly to mouth of
Oualala Biter and easterly to inolude the whole draineg^
basin of North Pork Oualala Biter.
Pomoan tribes reaching coast 2
and Buckeye Creeks; eastern boundary running nearly due
south along the suainit of the ridgp from Pardaloe Peak to
a point three or four miles south of Cole Diride.
ICahehiah . extendii« from Ghah;.pe-dah^ Rancheria (Del Mar) south-
' easterly along the coast to Duncan Point [some say to Salmon
Creek] a few miles south of the mouth of Russian RiTorj and
in the interior to a north- south line which crosses Russian
River a little west of GuemsTille.
^shahchunfaii . extending from mouth of Oualala River s«
easterly alo»« the coast to Ohah^pe^daK Rancheria (a1
near the place known as Del Mar) and easterly in the
1.4 ^.4 «« ^m. 4>kA nn«>f.K.«oiit.h ridize at the heads of Ro(
POMOAU TRIBES THAT BEACH THE COAST
Maltbopomah. exbendir^ from Ten Mile Creek south to Cleone
and Glen Blair and reaching easterly in the interior to
Sherwood Valley and Outlet Creek.
Pomoan tribes reaching coastj 2
and Buckeye Creeks; eastern boundary running nearly due
south along the summit of the ridge from Pardaloe Peak to
a point three or four miles south of Cole Divide.
Metuainah. extending from Cleone and G-len Blair south to
Little Kiver, and easterly in the interior to include
Wiliits Valley. The members of the tribe inhabitir^
the Coastal region are usually called Booldah or Booldam
by neigihboring tribes, but the name is used in an indefinite
sense and is without tribal significance.
Kahchiah . extending from Chah^pe-dah'' Rancheria (Del Mar) south-
easterly along the coast to Duncan Point [some say to Salmon
Creek] a few miles south of the mouth of Russian River; and
in the interior to a north- south line which crosses Russian
River a little west of Guerneville.
Bdyah>.. extendii^ alorg the coast from Little Biver south
to Pish Rock and in the interior reaching only to the
neigjiborhood of Christine and to a point a little east of
Comfort, but not to Rancheria Creek.
Konoah . eitendirg from Fish Rock southeasterly to mouth of
Gualala River and easterly to include the whole drainage
basin of North Fork Gualala River.
leshahchunini , extendir^ from mouth of Gualala River south-
easterly along the coast to Chah^pe«-dah' Rancheria (at or
near the place known as Del Mar) and easterly in the
interior to the north- south ride© at the heads of Rock Pile
! ■
I
J
.— ♦^v
u. . — — ,
5- ^.^^jj^y'
POMOAN TRIBES^ m^ lANGUAGESXOP RUSSIAN RIVER VALLEY
Prom the head of Russian River southward to the Clover-
dale region, there were 3 quite distinct languages: ,
1. Prom Ackerman Creek, a few miles nortti of}friiiah;to
the head of Russian Bixe^i ailgp reaching easterly to Potter
Valley and westerly to Port Bragg.
2. Prom Ackerman Creek southerly to the neighborhood
of Pieta.
3. Prom PietOi or Cloverdale, southward.
^^'^^y^i'foWUk
^>
RUSSIAN RIVER . TRIBjSS
All the trilDes along Russian River except the Miyakma
of Alexander Valley were Pomoan tribes. Beginning at the
north end of Russian River Valley, in the Calpella region,
and extending down to Hopland Valley, were 5 tribes as fol-
lows: «;
Mah-soo-tah ka-ah.— Extending from Redwood Valley
*=or^7 miles north of Calpella, where they were called R«X«io«JU .►
She-awl k§-ah (meaning forest people), south to Aekerman
Creek. ^^-^
Vv.«sxJUU|
»-L >(v>-c<4,,?dtr ^UJL^uiU.^
Yokiah. —Beginning on the north at Ackerman Creek, and
reaching southerly along Russian River Valley to a point 3
miles north of Largo. ^^^
Sha^nel or Hopland Valley tribe (named from Shan-ne
the laige ceremonial house), beginning about 5 miles south r
of Largo and covering Hopland Valley. C^^^os^
She-a-ko . — Occupviilg^Lema (l|piah) Valleys
Valley; beginning about 3 miles above Largo at a big rock
bluff on the west side of the River around which the River
flows . ^ ^-f ^-^ |o^4;:it.;» {.T^w^.. A^l^ ^ H^r^^ph:^. v^auM d^ U^xj^
\ b^J:i:i:?±: ^•-'^^ io «- t.-.^xiL v,^;u:^ ,^^
Den-nol yokeah. — A small tribe, occupying the valley
"fc^-oLK
^itinct. Language essentially the same as that of the
She-S-ko A-^JL \* WI0.K ,
"V^*^ Tokiah
Tokiah
Doo
-me.— On east aide Russian River at the mouth of Morrison
/
Yokiah Sub-tribes or Bands.— As a rule there was only one vil-
lage in a valley. It was presided over by the local or
village chief, whose authority was only exceeded by) the head
chief vrtio lived at the rancher ia just south of the present
town Talmadge, which is on the east side of Russian River
east of Ukiah.
In each of the minor villages each family had its own
food grounds— areas or stretches along the river—from which
the family obtained its acorns, manzanit a berries, and other
seeds, fruits, and fish.
The people from all these villages and camps attended the
annual ceremonies at the headquarters town.
The secondary villages remembered by my informant were:
Tah-tim.— On the west bank of Russian River at the extreme
southern limit of the Yokiah tribe. The place is just ^orth
of a big rock bluff on the river, which is the acknowledged
boundary between the Yokiah on the north and She-a-ko on
J
the south.
{
Creek, commonly known as Dry Creek. The camp extended
over both sides of the mouth of Dry Creek.
lah-chi-o.— On west bank Russian River about half a mile
a)?ove MJtma. This village had a sweatJhouse and houses
«
of its own and was practically permanent.
Bok-shah.~ On Rohinson Creek about a mile
wetV
Russian
(^Aa*AA.A-*«-«i^
River. This village had a sweat:house and thatched^ houses
and was practically permanent.
Sha-boop-tah-we.— On ^est side Russian River between Ukiah
and Robinson Creek, but nearer Ukiah. A large camp for
gathering wild oats and other seeds. Not occupied at
other seasons.
vi!
Kah-ke-u (meaning 'cold water').— Large village with sweat-
house oni ground now occupied by tire Insane Asylum, in-
formant's ancestors came from this place.
T-^^ ^^^>fv^\o-:^j-^.\*w.;^
I i f
fA^
r
KpoTTER VALLEY
C y f «. k
kS.-a.k
SF^KE) TRIBES
Po-mo k^3hah , (Potter Valley tribe). --Living within the
limits of this trihe was a small hand known as Ka-chati k§-ah.
meaning ''arrowhead peopled They are believed to be. extinct.
Sha-nel ka-ahw— A small tribe or band inhabiting Odd
Creek Canyon and the area between Cold Creek and Potter
Valley, reaching easterly nearly to Upper Lake. Li»-p-^iOi^^
<^^^ .^j.^^__ -:tA.>.iC^ ^ l^:«*^>s.\USiJU^ -f-'-^^Jbs..
Dan-no^-ka-ah. — Upper Lake tribe proper, extending from
.the southerly slope of Elk Mountain to Upper Lake, thus in-
cluding the main part of Middle Creek with its east and
west forks and comiiqg south to the north shore of Clear Lake
on both sides of Upper Lake. S.^>-.j:xl — ^ t;...ja^ ^&Ao-H> v^^-t^^ k^>^-^.>.^
^ ^w3^<>- ^^feUViiSL ^'^^-i*----^ -^-^-S^:^ H— <v.^jfjl^U^"^o^fi^CiXxjkjs_UaJ2cA^Jl^^
She-kum. — ^^Occupying the eastern shore of the main
Clear Lake, including Bartlett Landing, and extending southerly
to or nearly to Floyd Hill. A. few of these people are still
-J*
to De found on a small reservation on the weit side of Upper
Lake on the road that leads from Upper Lake to Lakeport.^"^*^*^
1>.<>^-^ ^!ao^L>UM.^ I<-^*^£A^
tr\» s.
1/ / >
\ \..^
Kah-lan-nap~po ^ (Big Valley tribe).— Territory extended
along the west shore of Clear Lake from just above the town
of Lakeport, soui'herly to Bynum Springs and Highland Springs
(probably a little farther), and on the east included
Kelseyville and^westerly slopes of Mt. I^okti. These people
have lived for some years in a small rancheria on the
ground of the St. Turebias Mission, but are now located by
themselves on a small reservation not far from Lakeport.
Bo"-al ka-ah (Scott Valley tribe). —Occupying Scott
Valley between Blue Lake and the northern shore of Clear
Lake. There are said to be a few of these people still at
the Upper Lake rancheria and a few at the Big Valley
rancheria(now located near Lakeport). 3o>aJon-*^^ «^-^^^yti:?t, ^.^.^o.^
Kow-00-nah' ka-ah (Sulphur Bank tribe). — Hold Sulphur Bank
arm and thence southerly along Lower Lake and probably
•
around febe Lower Lake &! the Narrows ^yAn old Indian man of
this tribe was tied to a tree and burned alive because he
fused to tell Gapt.y^on and his troop's were the Indians
re hiding during Lyon's infamous expedition of^i8Slc>.
re
t'~~.
t^^^(^N^^
(•r
NAMES OP NEIGHBORING TRIBES A3 SPOKEN BY THE YOKIAH
Sha>-bal-dan-no . —A Pomoan trioe closely related to the
Little Lake and Calpella tribes* Their language is essen-
tially the isame. Si<>--Jk. <>-^k^ ,txju^ -ti^^^^
Tah-bo-te> — A Pomoan tribe in Anderson Valley
(Boonville region) west of the Yokiah.
TILLAGES AND CAMPS OP THE RUSSIAN RIVER POMO
Stephen Kni^t, a Yo-ki^-»ah Porno, giTes me the follomng
important information concerning the character and distribution
of Tillage and camp sites in Rosaian River Talley, from its ex-
treme head north of Calpella, southward to or nearly to Hopland*
The principal Tillages correspond in number and location
with the tribal divisions recognised by the Indian themselTeSt
■ ^ if •
There was only one large town in the territory of each tribe.
This is the ruling Tillage. It contains the principal cere-
monial house, usually large enough to hold soTeral hundred peo-
ple, and is presided OTer by the head chief, whose office is
hereditary.
In addition to the principal town, there were subordinate
rancherias inhabited throughout the year except at times when
special ceremonies were held in the principal town, to which
eTerybody went for the time being* lach of the secondary Til-
lages was presided OTer by a chief (also usually hereditaiy).
and most of them had a ceremonial house.
V..J
liissian RiTer Pomo Tillages 3
In addition to the principal town and subordinate rancherias
there were canqps, occupied at a certain season each year, for
hunting}^ fishing, and for gathering acorns, berries, seeds, and
other parts of plants for food or for use in the manufacture of
baskets ani other utensilis^ and clothing.
N
The following document is a duplicate of the
preceding document. It may contain annotations
and corrections not found on the original.
VitI
T
POMOAN TBIBE3
UNGUAGESlOP RUSSIAN RIVER VALLEY
Prom the head of Russien River southard to the Clover-
dale region, there were 3 quite distinct la nguagejj^^^^
1. Prom Ackerraan Creek, a few miles north or\^W»*h.*o
the head of Russian River; also reaching easterly to Potter
Valley and westerly to Port Bragg.
2. Prom Ackerman Creek southerly to «»-H**ielAe*«ho«d
ef Pieta.
3. Prom Pieto> or Cloverdale, southward.
f
5
(^
3ha-nftl or Hoplend Valley tribe (named from 3han-ne
the large ceremonial house), beginning about 5 miles south
of Largo and covering Hopland Valley. ^V\o^l<-o-»-k. ^
«u-<
RUSSIAN RIVTi TRIB'.S
All the tribes along Russian River except the Miyakma
of Alexander Valley a,t-t Pomoan tribes. Beginning at the
north end of Russian River Valley, in the Calpella region,
and extending down to Hoplsnd Valley, were 5 tribes as fol-
lows:
Uah-soo-tah ka-ah.— Extending from Redwood Valley
aJKr*-MX
.■6-Off 7 miles n
Stie^wl^ ka-ah (meaning forest people), south to Ackerman
Jt>aJfc.
cUJLj^jJULx^
JU-^JUL.
yvu*.. " O ■♦
Yokkih. — Bepinning on the north at Ackerman Creek, and
reaching southerly along Ra^^sian River Valley to a point 3
miles north of Largo. .(--i4-— -— ^
Dying) Lema (lemah) Valleys aad Ltirgo
VplToy; beginning about 3 miles above ksrgo at a big rock
«o
bluff on the west side of the River around which the River
f lo^g ( s*4a_ \^^:^ f-^^— ' -<— -^ ^\uL^ -^-^ ^ ^-X-^
Dftn-nol vokeiah.— A small tribe, occupying the valley
from Pieta and Echo to or necr Preston^ now practically ex-
tinct. Language essentially the same as th^.t of the
She-a-ko . + u cX*UJv
-r-^
Tokiah
tokiah
Yokiah Sub-tribes or Bands.— As a rule there was only one vil-
lago in 8 valley. It was presided over by the local or
village chief whose authority was only exceeded by^the head
chief who lived at the ranohoria just south of the present
town Talfflodge, which is on the east side of Pussian Kiver
east of Ukiah«
In each of the minor villages each family had its own
food grounds— are 33 or stretches along the river— from which
the family obtained its acorns, manzanita berries, and other
seeds, fruits, and fish.
The people from all these villages and camps attended the
annual ceremonies st the hrndquartors town.
i
The secondary villages remanbcred by my informant were:
^j^y
Iv^
c>^^
N
«
Doo-Bft.— On east side Russian Rivor at Wte^ mouth of Morrison
Creek, commonly known as Dry Creek. The camp extended
over both sides of the mouth of Dry Creek.
Tah-tim^— On the west bank of Russian River at the extreme
southern limit of the Yokiah tribe. The place is just north
of a big rock bluff on the river, which is the acknowledged
boundr:ry between the Yokiaji on the north and ghe->9-ko)on
the south*
^lis^^
lah-ohi-o*— On wegt bank Russian River about half a mile
above DooUe, This village had e sweat house and houses
of its own and was practically permanent.
o^^'
;>
"O^
Bgk-shah.— On Robinson Creek about a mile Luck ffrim Ikssian
River. This village had a s'.veat=house and thatched ^housef
»
and wa^ practically permanent.
»•
Sha~boop-tah-we .— On west side Russian River betv»een Ukiah
A?^- and Robinson Creek, but nearer Ukiah. A large camp for
gathering wild oats and other seeds. Not occupied at
other seasons.
O^
.-Vr*.
Kah-ke-u (meaning ♦cold water').— I^rge village with sweat
houseoi^ground now occupied by ti» insane Asylum. In-
forma nt*s ancestors came from this place.
V*
C (X-'- '
c <^ -^
i
(U^
»■*! TT*-
#1
POTTER VALLEY x'sND CLE/>R UKS TRIBES
Po-mo k'ahah' (Potter Valley tribe).— Living within the
limits of this trite was a small band known na Ka-chah' ka-ah .
meaning "arrowhead people'.' They are believed to be extinct.
Sha-nel' ka-ah.— A small tribe or band inhabiting, Oold
Crpok Canyon and the area between Cold Crf^ek aid Potter
Valley reaching easterly nearly to Upper Lake. i~i— ^ ^^
dJLL>o JL.^-^,^ xX^^oJi. ^ 1=.;tti^ l/oJjl^ |xx.^fa*^.
Dan-no-ka-ah. — Upp er Lake tribe proper, extending from
the southerly slope of Elk Mountain to Upper Lake, thus in-
cluding the main part of Middle Creek with its east and
west forks and comii^ soutti to the north shore of Clear Lake
on both sides of Upper Lake, s
3he-kum. — Occupying the eastern shore of the main
Clear Lake, including Bartlett Landing. and extending southerly
to or nearly to Floyd Hill. A few of these people are still
to be found on a small reservation on the west side of Upper
Lake on the road thfit leads from Up[Der Lake to Lakeport.^-- "^-■***f*--
,('.^
c_nu
LoO^^"*^
CCM>'
t^A
} /
Kah-lan'-nap-po (Big Valley tribe).— Territory extended
along the west shore of Clear Lake from jurt above the town
of Lakeport, southerly to Bynum Sprinr.s mA Highland Springs
(probably a little f-rthor), and on the e.-ist included
Kelseyville andlwesterly slope of Ut. lynokti. These people
have lived for some years in a small rancheria on the
. ground of the St. Turobias Mission, but are now located by
themselves on a small reservntion not far from Lakeport.
iJL.-
Bo~al' kg-ah (Scott Valley tribe).— Occupying Scott
Valley between Blue Lake and the northern shore of Clear
Lake. There are said to be a few of these people still at
the Upper Lake rancheria and a few at the Big Valley
rancheria(now located near Lakeport). i^^-*^^
KowioQ-nah^ ka^-ah (Sulphur Bank tribe).— Hold Sulphur Bank
arm and thence southerly along Lower Lake and probably
around ^ Lower Lake .to the Narrows^/Inold Indian man of
this tribe was tied to a tree and burned alive because he
refused to tell Capt.^Lyon and his troops were the Indians
were hiding during Lyon's infamous expedition of^lS^^
c^
\
NAMES OF NEIGHBORING TRIBES A3 SPOKEN BY THE YOKIAH
She-bal'-dan-no > — A Pomoan tribe closely related to the
Little Lake and Calpella tribes. Their langiiage is essen-
tially the same, s-v-s.^ cx/v>-. »iULL
O-''^^*
Tah'-bo-te*. — A Pomoan tribe in Anderson Valley
(Boonville region) west of the Yokiah.
■ /
1
J J
VILLAG2S AND CAMP3 OP THE RU3S1AN RIV:^R POMO
Stephen Kni^t..a Yo-ki-ah Porno, gives me the foUomng
important information concerning the character and distribution
of village and camp sites in Russian River Valley, from its ex-
treme head north of Calpella. southward to or nearly to Hoplend
• The principal villages correspond in number and location
the tribal divisions recognized by the Indian themselves.
with
There was ^nly -» '^--'"^ ^°^^^ i« *^« territory of each tribe.
This is the ruling village. It aontains the principal cere-
monial house, usually large enough to hold several hundred peo-
pie. and is presided over by the head chief, whose office is
hereditary.
In addition to the principal town, there wore subordinate
rancherias inhabited throughout the ye«r except at times when
special ceremonies w
re held in the principal town, to which
everybody ^vent for the time being. Each of the secondary vil-
lages was presided over by a chief (also usually hereditary),
and most of them had a ceremonial house.
s
.»
Russian River Porno Villap;e8
s
In addition to the principal town and subordinate rancherias
there were camps, occupied at a certain season each year, for
hunting;^^ fishing, and for gathering acoms. berries, seeds, and
other psrts of plants for food or for use in the manufacture of
4
baskets and other utensils^ and clcthing*
1 '^^ V ■
! \ V 1
Nl Divisicn
f Yo-ki-ah^DivigJon
tOlear lake Div:
Yo-ki-ah
Lah^to pomah
IJe-tum-mah
Bool-dam ^o'^^--<»^Vv(^*^^'^) Dan-nol-yo ke-ah
Sbo-ko'-ah ,
(incl.3he-a-ko)
luk^kow' pomah
Kah-be-tsim-me Domah
Tah-bdfe-ta'C^-^A-wO
Bol-yah
ro-mo-ke-chah'
ih-soo^tah-ke-ah
-too'-f^o
-yow-b^h^^
3W Division
KE Division ;
/
Dan-no'-kah {Mah-kah-mo chum-mi
Ho-al-lek Min-kow-nah ('Vv^-lv-liiv^V^ow'^vvai^
3hc-kum i (-inci> -B
Bo-al-keah vVe-shah chum-ni
w/
3ho^te-ah
Lower^ Laki
Ku~lrr-na-D0
i' .
- [
IClK'-H'K -^''^•^^'i «^Jr^6v<l^^; *
Kc3L K ^^SJ^ - «J^
Ham'-fo
NW Division
^8h^to pomah
Lie^tumlmah
Bo of^dem l[> 0 '-^-a.W(^wl44)
!uk-kow' pomah
f Yo::kirfl^^
tOlear Lake Div:
■ ■< - I 1 ■■ I HI. I— — 4— N
Keh-be-tsim-me pomah
Po-ipo-ke-chah'
Mah-soc-tah-ke-ah
Mah-too'-f^o
li-yow-b«h^
Yo-ki^-ah
Sho-ko-ah ^
(incl.She-a-ko)
Dan-nol-yo ke-ah
Tah'-.b6li^tS'(^-*it-wvC>
Bo-yah
3W Division
KE Division ;
Dan-no-kah
Ho-al-lek
She-kum
Bo-al-keah
Ku-lan-na-po
\
-w4t ■>*•»*•■'*'*"'•'
Meh-kah-mo chW-Tui
Min-kow-nah (I'^^-'^.K^kowlvaiJ)
Keh^ toh wiLjahtfflh"!»
tm' toh-"tah
Sho-te-ah
We-shah chum^mi
«
KcJlW -^^ts)^ - «Jv
Lower Leki
Ham-fo
Retake of Preceding Fra
me
«
t^") ^^^^Jl'!^
Acc«rv<UMA
't^cvwc-ip^'^^
A'vVs-T"*^ JL*j*.«siU AxHjA.>4>*jV^
w'. e»'«iii'»'iw»"''w^«'^i*''«" *'*''^*^''»'*y*r'««*y*<»itgty*-.-<<ii<y.i<^^^....M^j,^^
isnr»!w.Mi^,v«j».«,i.^
t^K^ffnefma*!
'."*ftl«»t«R«« , il^j,
Os>/^-^
\ic>3^
■y "^o*\)^c,«JJi\i
y\^VV\/\i»
cAaJlW.
mHiiS»,,it|H|HIIM.MVt<K».'
hv^Jl^^AU - tl*^ ->f^•-^
/
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1.
xAnj-vcV
*i Mi". )
wW/
r
•Vww-v -IPl^V^ - WoJ^
\
^i^VV^r
^y^/^• «
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Os/v\* • nr\>0
-oJk
oxnnX
<W^r^Op}
X^^^^^"^^^
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TTT xJh
A
mm m,nw».;ih.^ji;i^:i;,i^'JXJ^^
I
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A.^ci^MA'^^
CL.V>.iCVNV% -^-'^.
a
^.YV^-"^""
^ V^xMtVvv»vS I
loWLy or the baby will cry again." So lie went to hit
grandfather.
1 n
. B- « « •■
,^The old man inquired, '^ow did
et him down?" He replied that his wif© had
mentionekto the baby all his brothers and/ll his sisters,
and he vrould^ stop, but when she had irfentioned her mother,
the baby had 8topj«d. T^en he said /o his grandfather.
"I want to know what \o do, I
more
ft
t want him to ory any
His grandfather^epLiod, -^hat is easily done*
lou can send him Jaeck o/takeMiim baris,"
The young/man inquireX. "How can we send hit
V % wife wo/'t go back."
The /grandfather answered , •*Xou talk with your
grandmother and get her to talk to your wUe."
/
"All right," said the young man.\He went to
She Answered , "All right." [She Imew all along yhat was
going on
\ ,
without being told]. Still the baby was not
69
"Tee," ihe rsplied.
Her mother continued, "Why doesn't your
Sister-nkrlttW oo°o to breakfast?*
m
little girl answered: "Tonight she ^11
come to supper.
/
/
The old\lady said. "Isn»t ^i strange that you
/
girls hold off eatin^so long?" ^atviws all she said.
In the eveni^^, the/brother and his wife came
to supper. The mother asW, "Vmere is your little
sister?"
He answered, "SheYs over there."
Xe^
The ol^ woman »«H,\"lShy don»t you all come
\
together?"
Tlie son replied, '1 guks she»ll gome when
KM \
sh^ gets yiady. She is all right with me."
slee/, thinkinj- all the time about the t>^by. It v/as now
seven or eight days old and co.ild laugh. Then in the
63
.ukiw^l tm.
v^rskk^
/
■ -^ . k-A^^c^-^ Mo^"^-'^"^
oJk ^..^T<vA .<WC<.jW-^i>U^J
%^, tw.*/Uiv
cXvs,^AA - "^ j! 9^^ «'-t!.^'^-«^ ^-^"-^
■'■"U^
"^
/
If they ask v% I did not oome, tell them that tonight
/
I'll go to supper,"
Bu.^ the little girl would not ^ home; she wanted
to stay with the baby— wliich was bidden Vll the time so
the people woaldnU know
3
the morning
'O
^->-
weiit home to
breakfast ♦ Her mother asked, 'TTou have been with your
■/I
brother all the time?"
62
r
\i
Ujju
•Sa~^»^x.j-jrP^
UJk>v. ^
"^-^vK
5^--s.*.,.--^^-W^
^^^-v/^
^^*>A>s.
^vI^jScVaJUlJ^
N^J...>->Jt-i3^
L^=*^^^*H1^ ^^7^ 3^
"^tA^^iiAj^
^^^'•\-..^-A/*v
VvVeL^v^<=»-Vl^^
Tri
ty with the Klamath, etc*, 1864yC2x tract)
y^ndian Afri^rs, laws and Treaties, jijfl^ler, Vol. 2
7f»g^ 86$. \ ^i
Article 1*
IS " further s tipula
an^agreed that no white person
shall he pennitted to locate or repwr!^^pon the reservation, except
the Indian superintendent and a^nt, empi^Mj^^s of the Indian depart-
ment, and officers of the Ayfcy of the United ^ates, and that in case
persons other than those/specified are found upon^^he reservation,'
they shall be immedia^ly expelled therefrom; and the exclusive right
of taking fish in/fhe streams and lakes, included in said reservation,
and of gathering edible roots, seeds, and berries within its limits,
is hereby secured to the Indians aforesaid: Provided, also. That the
right of way for public roads and railroads across said reservation
\.
is reserved to citizens of the United States.
V<USk4
KoLw^HoVaAv
^<^-H'^^
/'
■if©;
-u- ::i^--
9**9.
L.
S Vv<x\v* Vcow ^v^-*^ c^^
^^#««M^M
Kjouh.
4^^CJL ''^-^*^-*^ ^NAa-O^ \j^^^*-Ulj»^A-JjJ,^(h*^^^^ '^^
NNkUk^U lalvTu^^^A /U;.^.:^^^ ^-^s
»t-r- n-»- -inTi-nrffaa^
-r"
AA.%^vw^
vw^guu-^
w*<^^
WtJouoL,^ K/k\v>WOltx!-^ Jlo^-KO ^^-^^VN a^ <iM*M.-i--^^ ^.Cl.^-^
Vu^.Sf- -k>>k - W4L^^ Vv»
aiiii . ,1 ■
TwJ^*;A»Mc^
"^'MiXi — x^jfjA^sii^ <^4f'^>^ y^fi:goLfe;u4^jei..>ULiUr 1^^
/H/lD.*.-a/C3.0
90^0 - HcrVWerA V^^«<on
/
^^
<5^>
V
^^*X^«lV«*-To>wo
MAH-300-7AH KA~AH
kwnbors of the ladtLifiJlAPf Ukiah
Valley, ^:nd of the Po^mQ^ke-^diah tribe of
Potter Velley tell me that ttie proper neme
_ /
of the Celpelle tribe is iieh-goo-teh ka-ah
and that the name Calpella ^s well known Is
thit of a former chief.
The so-called Redwood Valley Indians
/ , - /
nearby '^^er^ called Bhe«>awl ka-ah> meaning
i
Forest "People', and wtmm a Pomoan tribe clo?ely
•^Ictcd to th0 K{?h-8QQ-
tah ke-&h>
There so-called Redwood Indian?' must not
be confused vith the lukeanRedwccf^s further
north.
— /
The Lah-soc-tah kn-rh inhabited r rather
arriiill ar^a ot the heed of RuPsian River
V&lley, extendinc from Ackermen Creek on
the South, northerly only a few miles to the
mount c ins. —e-**^
tt OL\lp^VW "^0^^^
- /
MAH-SOQ-TAH KA-AH
Members of the Yo-ki-ah jpf Ukiah-
Valley, and of the Po-ino-ke--diah' tribe of
Potter Valley tell me that the proper name
of the Calpella tribe is Mah-soo^tah ka-ah
and that the name Calpella ^dg well known 4s
that of a former chief.
The so-called Hedwood Valley Indians
nearby were called 3he-awl ka-ah. meaning
fbrest people, and «©tb a Pomoan tribe closely
related to the Mah-soo^-^tah kalah.
These so-called Redwood Indians must not
be ccnfused with the
Redwoods further
north.
The Mah-soo-tah ka^ah inhabited a rather
small area at the head of Russian River
Valley, extending from Ackerman Creek on
the South, northerly only- a few miles to the
mountains. - cHir~i»,
rm^oom oh rmrsoox) iimum
An unfcrtiumte teiffit f"£].21c5iJ ly i2* ito«
and novend Indian tribot to 4 or nioro
tribe* bolonf^inG to 3 liir-iiiiitlo fltooki,
n«T«lyt
Nortliern #tht^ ankan ^-ilkut of Ikdmod Croeki
€e:;th«m lth\] a"k«n tribo* of rcdvTOOd
oottH^i^irect of South Forte £•! lUver;
Y^*«an Rootohn^ of South Eal Flttr and
Outlet Creek i
PoiRoan Moh»eoo*tBh k^fjt^ of Bodvood Vullegr
& few nil en north of Ca^>ell&«~
The Athryraakan J^Sig^gto. S,et:tenU'den. &
Tsennahkennee if ply the tern Kohs^oho to the
Athataakan tribes of the redwood forest
country of the lower Van Duzen and South Pork
£el Biver; and the related Southern Athi^jaakan
Ko«ae^^f of Garbenrille region use the same
naxixi but i ronounce it Kueh^cho.
Ki ' IXoTito
K.
4
«
MAH-SOO-TAH KiUjlH - ADDITIONAL VILLAGSS GIVEN BY AUUIOI^
ChSm- ohah* de» lah . . On meaa just south of Calpella, a>TOut 2
miloB up main etream of Baflsian River
from confluence of East Fork*
• • < >
Kah^baplahl On mesa west of main branch BuBflian River,
3-3/2 milee north of Qalpella; near Berry
Wright rancsh house.
1Cah-*lem_ Old oomv> site just east of'PoricB saloon' .
1 mile west of confluence of East Forte
Russian River with main stream.
Mah» toolkoo On south hmk Cold Creek, about 1 mile up
from confluence with East Forte Russian
River, about 200 yards south of ranch
house on Hopper Sheep Raneh*
Shah-ohah&-kah-oo . . On north bank of East Fork Rissian River,
2-1/2 miles up from ocnfluence with main
Btream, 1/B mile down stre?yn frwn former
Bite Cleveland's flour mill*
She^yol' . • . . . . .On riorth hmk AJjiexwan Credc at confluence
with Russian River , or on east bevnk Russian
River on Howard Rawrti alrost ono^ite site
deocribed fShe-awl' ka^'ah Given me by Yo-ki-ah
as nare for Redwood Vall^ tribe.— 3
Mah-soo»tah kapoh Additional vill^yLo
Shiifr.ehpkab<*oe •
Sho-do Kai
Village at eaBt end of brid^gi aoroBB main
branoh Rusalan River, short distance up
from confluence with East Forte.
Bend or village in Coyote Talk; 4 miles
northeaB t of Ukiah*
Sho-kah-c}»hl . . . .Near south bank Hensley Creek, 3/4 mile
west of confluence wltli Russian River.
M Oiu^sto/i
THE MAH-TOO-GO
Ot*w^
- .-^A Porno tribe formerly occupying the valley of Cold
Creek, which flows westerly from the divide west of Blue Lakes to
East Pork of Russian River » which it enters about 4 miles east of
Calpella*
The tribe extended from Cow Mountain on the south northerly
(apparently) to Newhinney Creek [exact boundary not yet ascertained].
The eastern boundary was the divide separating the waters of Cold
Creek on the west from those of Blue Lakes Creek on the east.
The Mah--too«go were in contact with 6 tribes, all of Pomoan
stock, namely:
On the west, the Mah->soo' tah ka^ah of the Calpella region;
On the north, the Po«*>mo^ke«>chah' of Potter Valley;
On the northeast (for a short distance )^ the Dan-no'-kah or
Upper Lake tribe; i
On the east, the Ki-yow^bah^ or Blue Lakes tribe;
/ , -/
On the southeast, the Bo-al-ka-ah or Scott Valley tribe;
t^' i
On the south, the northeastern comer of the Yo-ki^ah.
THE MAB-TOO-GO
• -A Pomo tribe formerly occupying the valley of Cold
Creek, which flows westerly from the divide west of Blue Lakes to
East Pork of Russian River, which it enters about 4 miles east of
Calpella.
t
The tribe extended from Cow Mountain on the south northerly
(apparently) to Newhinney Creek [exact boundary not yet ascertained].
The eastern boundary was the divide separating the waters of Cold
Creek on the west from those of Blue Lakes Creek an the east.
^^® M£kl£2z£^ ^®^® i^ contEot with 6 tribes, ell of Pomoan
stockt namely:
On the west, the Mah-soo' tah ka-ah of the Calpella region;
On the north, the Po-mo-ke«chah of Potter Valley;
On the northeast {for a short distance), the Dan-no-kah or
Upper Lake tribe;
On the east, the Ki»yow-bah^ or Blue Iflkes tribe;
On the southeast, the Bo-al-kalah or Scott Yalley tribe;
*
On the south, the northeastern comer of the Yo-ki-ah.
MS-TlBI-ttAH (Little Lake ValUj)
Me^tuBawnah or Me-tiai'ki Po-nsah. • •Their name for theinael?es.
PoiBoan tribe inhabiting Little Lake or Willita Valley, the
name of vhioh in their oun language is Me»tiMi«>ki (oallod *£&•
tum«ki » by Pomoan tribes on ITussian River and Cl*ar Lake).
The territory of the Me-tum^mah extends northwesterly from
the site of the present torn of willits to a little beyond the
sawmill at Northwestern, and thenoe to the ooast, whioh it
reaches at Cleone Creek (in their language L&''koo»nah b&-dati).
or possibly at Pudding Clneek, extendir^ thenoe south to Little
Kiver, thus including the Ft* Bz^tgg, Koyo, Caspar, and Big
River coast r^ion, whioh was oalled Bul»dam or Bool-dah*
The Me-tum^mah proper did not claim the eastern part of
Little Lake Valley from ffillits to the Mountains and Tomki Or.;
this was the tertitory of a closely related band called gho-
e
rail po-mah* Neither did they claim the northern part of
Little Lake (now a tule inarrfi) and adjacent northern part of
the valley, for these belonged to the band known as Buk-kow-hah
regarded by the Me'tum'-imh as a distinct tribe« >-c«,v^
The name ^SB-tO'tBBh chut^te was applied to all Me'tum^aah
villages in Me^tum'-ki or Little Lake Valley,
There were four important pennanent winter villages contain-
ing about 600 people. These were; Ch&-bo»cha-kah chu^e. Po-
kah-ohil»chut-te. Sie -o'-kah-ltm' chut-te> and Tsah-kah' chut-te.
JjJS <m iXx^cM /.v^JJi , 7. J
UAH- iX) PO-rJH ADDITIONAL ILV'CIE-^'IAS GIYEl! EY AUTIIOPS
Bi-ke-kah
In hillB north of Sherwood Valley, 1/4 mile
north of Dillodoaux house, and 1-3/4 milee
nortJi-nortiiweBt of Sherwood Station.
•
j^
BQi.Bhahm-koo»ohe . 3/2 mile ea»t>- northeast of Sherwood Station,
near where Sherwood Inn now it.
I
y^
ICah-bardah-no . . .At Riflsell Banoh house on northeast shore
wei»weather lake 2 miles south-southeast of
Sherwood Station.
#/
Shah»neni-kah . . . Hetir west bank Outlet Creek, 2 miles north-
eaet of Sherwood Station; probably on north
bank Curley Cow Creek.
Tah-^Bkol » . . . . Camp on ridge west of Outlet Creek, about
3 miles east-soutitieast of Sherwood Station.
|0 QxdiVA^
UETUi^KI POMAH Olf LITTLR LAKK VALLKY
The Mainmki of Little Lake or Vdllits Vp11(
say thut they extended northerly to Sherwood
Valley (Mflh^tiikki) where tho people talked the
same language but faster, 9sbA westerly to Fort
Bragg on the coast, and southerly as far as
Ig Riyer^J^i^he coast poople
soeok the same language as those at Willita.
The tribe at Cnlpella speak a different
dialect, but the ^.illita tribe understand them,
althoucJi tho words are~^ hard to say. They are
enemies.
'^.^ ..f'
The tfeti»ki call neighboring tribes by the
following names:
T^-in'-Vi poUah — Potter Valley tribe (language slMilar).
ir-k'i- ^i-'-«A XCoast tribe. Port Bragg region.
Kfln-l9-aim-m00 — tlancuaee essentially same as Me-ttm-ki .
— Sherwood Valley subtribe; language same.
. KiA-Hhi'-dfl-«al po'-mah - l«lk*r ImlXvf trili«.
. Ki'-pn-iBah — Kahto Valley tribe. Language irtiolly dif feren
Oct. 1921 . -^ ^U4^--^
V.
MSTUUKI FOMAH OF LITTLB LAKE VALLBY
The Malmtld of Little Lake or Willi ts Valley
say that they extended i^ottherly to Sherwood
Valley (Mah=tfi=ki) where the people talked the
same language bat faster, asd westerly to Fort
Bragg on the coast, and southerly as far as
Little Biror and Big Birer. The coast people
speak the same language as those at Willi ts.
The tribe at Calpella speak a different
dialect, but the Willits tribe understand them,
although the words are hard to say. They are
enemies. _ (iA4^>^
"^^'-^ V^'^^A-^-^j '^^ — ^'
(^1
>^ ^~JK.\
^LiJuwO^.
(y
V>0(iv-*-^
:5
• >f& >kV-o^ V>o^-vw«Lk -^t^XJUik
t 5*^7 VJU-r
(^^-«-.:3Ur^ ^ tLlcKi>V.,
\
«U^- llltl-
■^w . -<■'
Oul^^.^^ti^'L «^ >JJ^*^,^ euA-^ ?¥^4^,
FO-IIO BiOmH — ADDITIONAL TILLAG£S GIVEN BY AUTHOES
Ahntdflh-lflh .... Unidentified old village just north of
BaJ>ko-do
Sl^nel.
At head small Carbon abOTe present Potter
Valley Village, and 1-1/2 miles west of
it.
Bedab-marek Tribe on East Fozk Hussian Hirer , north
of Clear Lake^GiblM).
Bo^tel .
Applied collectively to Sha-nel in Potter
I f i
Valley and carrrps NS^bardo, Soo-boo-tchS-mal,
and Too- linn ho*
Dak"T)i-8hul Porno • . Band in Redwood Canyon (Powers). Barrett
giyea Kah-chah- bi" dah as village at soulii
foot Redwood mountains, cut extrMos head
Redwood Yalley and says it was also called
Dal>pe-shoo)>
Kab-lahl-pe-shool . • On 'John Uawhinney Ranch about 1 mile south
Mo- te- chah
of Pomo poB toff ice*
Near foothills west side Potter Valley at
point about 2-1/2 miles northwest of
Centerville.
Ng-bah-dg Old camp site in Potter Valley on west bank
of Eas t Forfc Russian River 1/4 mile west of
Sha-nel.
Po-mo ke- chah -Additional Yillctf^es Z
PoLmo On east bank Russian River, short distance
south of Pomo Pos toff ice. Potter Valley
floor mill stands on site*
Salan Pomas Potter Valley Tribe (Ford).
g pi chah In foothills on western side Potter Valley
/-
near -Its northern extremity ; short distance
northwes t of Tsimpal.
So<^boo-'Che-mahl . . .Old camp site on Bast Pork Russian River
about 300 yards up stream fran Nobadfi.
Too-lim-ho^ ...... Camp s ite about 1/2 mile wes t of
Soo-boo-che- mahl on Eas tUc^ Russian
River.
Tsah-katt-iBO ..... Near north end of bridge across Cold Creek
on road from Fort Browi to Centerville in
Potter Valley.
Tsimrpahl Doubtful old village site neat foolhills
on west side north end Potter Valley.
Yah-mo ....... .At foot of mountains at north end Potter
mmmmmmmmmmmmmm
?alley#
The following document is a duplicate of the
preceding document. It may contain annotations
and corrections not found on the original.
\^
^Pi
^U/J
'/^
PO-?iO KB-CIUIH — ADDITIONAL VILLAGES GIVH! OT AJTIIOIB
JJuft-dah^lah
• *
. . Unidentified old Tillago just north of
Sha*nel«
^ Bah^kckdo
• •
Bedahi^marek • •
«**•■
Bo-tel
• •/ . ♦ # *'
.i
• .•
■1/
///
Kah>lahl^ye^yHool
F
-/^^
x^ /
f/i In
/
* % # •
. /
K6^
» • ^ •
A
. . • At netxd anall CazigroB aliOTe present Potter
Valley Villngo, and 1-1/2 miles west of
it.
Tribe on East Folic Rxesiein River, north
of Clear Lake(Gibbi}»
.Applied collectively to Shof-nel in Potter
Valley and car^^a No»b»>do, Soo-boo* tche-maJ «
and Too^lin>»ho»
Band in Redwood Caiiyoii (Poweiti)* Barrett
giTa« Knh^chah^bi^dah a^ Tillage at south
foot Hedwood rrountains, at extrana head
Redwood Volley arKi says it was alao c.lled
On 'John llawhinney Ranch about 1 mila aouth
of lomo po8toffioe#
• Near foothills wast side Potter Vcillay at
point about 2-1/2 miles northwest ef
Centenrille.
Old ocump Rite in Potter Valley on west bank
of Eas tFork Russian River 1/4 mile west of
Sha-ne U
« •
Pernio ke-ohah -Audi Uonal VilJrvies 2
Po^mo . • • • e . • • On east bank Russian River, ^hort distance
south of Pomo Postofficee Potter Vedley
flour mill stands on site. "^^---^^^
^\ CVw*K>^ LOvv- 0«SK^
Salan Pomos . . . . • Potter Valley Tribe (Poni)#
8o*chah
In foothills on wetstem side Potter ViOLley
near Its northern ertrerrity; short dintariba
northwes t of Tsirr^al*
8oo^boo>ohe-fnahjL • . eOld crr\p site on Bast Fork Russian River
about 300 yards up strorum from nobad9#
Too^^liro^hp * • • . . .Camp Rite about 1/2 mile west of
Soo**boo*che- mahl on Ea^tEoric Russian
Riven
yffftl>i>)^#i^fflp
« • •
e . NeciT north end. of bridge across Cold Creek
on road fror. Fort BroTO to Centerville in
Potter Valley ♦
Tsir^pahl # Doubtful old vi la^je site neat foothills
on west side north end Potter Valley*
Yah-mo At foot of mountains at nortti end Potter
Valley*
• i
fovcoaJYv
Vtojvwoc <>^fiLAVibhwibA^o^'?o\:Vev\l(^^ 'Vo-wcq-Va ^iVvolW X^•A^^N.1L^l.-4^^
o-^^iL^ M^wv;.\,osJ^~K9. 0
ti^-1--*^ ^i*oejL.>-S^\4oi~v>.uiAO. -^'W^'^*-*^»^"^»^>*-«-5u[^^'
A4.^J(^
^rA^'-i'
l^>-3
s
— C^i
£ Ci - JU^wvl- 0«*J>-<^^ JvJL_
|2i.A^- Kci''- WdL'V\^->v«-W
?C^'^
•
\^.^ W.. v-fe:..V
« /^
"^«%iX^>
{^}
w •
POy-^EPR VALLEY
A PpVtgQA named John Meirtiiimey (at San Qaentin
Dec, 31. 1920^ torn and raised in Potter Valley (but recently
from 2 miles west of Ukiah on Orrs Spring road) gate me fol-
lowing information:
He told me that his language extends to coast at
Port Bragg, Big Birer, and Mendocino City, but coast people
speak their words faster. To the east, they held to summit
of Miyakma Bange, which separates Russian Riyer Valley from
Clear Lake Valley. To the south they -extended toward or to
Hopland (he is not sure how far). To the north they
included Potter Valley and upper Russian Rirer and Warner
Valley, hut no% Willi ts or la t tie Lake Valley, whose people
(fiatsJtjnfctLZlBak) apoke a wholly different language, which he
cannot understand at all*
The tribe in BoonTille region he calls Tah-bah-ta,
and says they speak a different language. He calls Potter
Valley Po'-ao tah«.te^. He calls Cow Mt. Shahlkah-be'. He
calls Little Lake tribe Be-tum-ki Pt-mah, ,
The following document is a duplicate of the
preceding document. It may contain annotations
and corrections not found on the original.
POTTER VALLEY
A Pomo named John Uewhinney (at San Quentin Dec. 31, 1920)
born and raised in Potter Valley (but recently from 2 miles west
of Ukiah on Orrs Spring road) gave me following information:
He told me that his language extends from Potter Valley
northwesterly to coast at Port Bragg, Big River, end Mendocino
City, but coast people speak their words faster. To the east,
they held to suininit of Mlyakma Bange, #iich separates Russian
River Valley from Clear Lake Valley.
To the south the Yokiah extended toward or to tlopland
(he is not "ure how far).
To the north the Potter Valley tribe covered upper Russian
River and llamer Valley, butnof Alits or Little i«ke Valley,
whose peoplefBe-tum-ki Pomah) speak a wholly different language,
which he cannot understand at all.
The tribe in Boonville region he calls Tah'-bgh-t& and
says they speak a ifferent language. He calls Potter Valley
Po-mo tah-te. He calls Cow Mountain Shah-kah-be. He calls
Little Lake tribe Be-turo-ki Po-Tnah. — c^ — .
It2.0
V •
POTTER VALLEY
A Pomo named John Uewhinney (at San Quentin Dec. 31, 1920)
"born and raised in Potter Valley (but recently from E miles west
of Ukiah on Orrs Spring road) gave me following information:
He told me that his language extends from Potter Valley
northwesterly to coast at Port Bragg, Big River, and Mendocino
City^ but coast people speak their words faster. To the east,
they held to summit of Miyakma Range, #iich separates Russian
River Valley from Clear Lake Valley.
To the south the Yokiah extended toward or to Hopland
(he is not sure how far).
To the north the Potter Valley tribe covered upper Russian
River and Warner Valley, buVnof^^illits or Little leke Valley,
whose people (Be-tum-ki Pomah) speak a wholly different language,
iriiich he cannot understand at all.
The tribe in Boonville region he calls Tah^^bah-ta and
says they speak a different language. He calls Potter IJalley
Po»mo tah^te'. He calls Cow Mountain Shah>kah-be> He calls
Little Lake tribe Be^^tW-ki Po -mah . — ctivv^
i
G30GPj:PH1C lUliES IN liK4TUM-L1AH POlll/iH UNGUAGE
(Of Little Lake Vrlley)
1. In or near Little Lfike or Mllits Velley:
(In old time lenpiwpe cf-llen Me- turn )
Out let.- Place on Outlet Greek 4 mile? north of , ,
VKillets Buk-ko'.v-heh
Outlet Creek (upper prrt) BuL-tJ^fik^-'LtS-Tikh
• . Outlet Creek (rnsin part) Sho' ^Q-dPh
Willits. Site of present to vn Sha^ln-gM^eh -T^r hi
Name Tnepirc vild grspevine hf nring.No rRnch<^ri« there)
ft'ilUtg Crdek.— .— S8-kah^)?g-4^h
%ct pnr^ Little Loke Valley nbout 'I miles due
eHst of Willits 3hP-tgg-.7V (necininc
'^Esst end")
Bechtpl Creek. K,9h-l?g-3hiil^h?-d£il^|
4._.* {".letp.r bubbling cf)|
Davis Creek (flowing by Vdllitp to head Outlet Cr.-Tspm-mQpi ISr^ioh'
("Sour drerk )
Pavis Creek at Willits She-ko^be-irh'
Promt's plficp about E miles went of v^lillits — -Cha-^g-chf-Hrh ^
Site of old Me-to^TTiEh chut-te' rsncherif; (fGrouse v.'. tor")
H^rd of l>.^iin Outlet Creek (near Muir's old Bill)— Pan-no-yP bg-d&tl'
Heme moans mounttiin creek.
Ha:/worth Greek . fin-ne^be-Kish^
YfllTov Pine /lat.l/4 mile -.vest of Willfets (summpr
csmp). Same me ens Ponderose Pine flpt. Chum-ksh -tj 1 '
ng^PlQld^Qano gite) si^out l^r mile ^ .of |IIIIIs)e--Kah-i8e-yu
between Beohtel's ic Hillits. Name mefcns "Vspter 'end . ^
Botik Pool about l/2 mile N ,of VVillits on present— Kah-ba ]j^'.v-L' vl
rii^hway. jj'ormer smtll pool in depression' in
big rock now blasted away (in highway construct- I
ion.) Used to be a small rahcheria there. :?
Ni-me means "Rock Pool".
• *
Geogrcphic Nanea in ^^^^mU^h poimeh Immx^Ro (of Little kkeValley) 2
ir nftflr UttiA Tj)ke Yollev (cortinucd):
Plaop on pTRgent Bechtal Ranch on urosent tligh'.vay
Itout 1 mile south of Mllits. fieetmp plnce
of 2 subtribes or, bands: Kf?^'-"'^'^r'^g-"'"} no-men
and '^^T\-^~)nm' po-wiEh (belonged to both). Over
200 oeople there and very Iprne Roundhouse.
Name' means boiling water — but no spring there.
f1»nfl ahout .•Smiles east of VJillitg
Name means lumd pool.
RrPftV in MilU.a Vfillfiy emptying into Outlet Creek —
Kflh'-^"-*'^^'^^
s
Pl^^^ 1^ TnilPc. Sff. nf mnits (in Little Lake 7a]ley4-
Former sirnimer oemp and dance plfce there.
Pic OP hplf mile ftwflt of Be^htftl .^RMnch about 1-1/4-
^ mil2 ii oVSiUits in tlHt of'^liev close to
bordering hills. All the Little Lake Valley
tribes used to meet here i camp together for
3 moons (June to end Aupustjfor doncinp end
good tirffl. Name means food stick standing.
pipp.p nn hiphwnv and railroad about 4 miles south ~
of Mil its and north or Woodridge, at or near
south end of valley. Belonged to fno-p] pO-B^a
of eaatern part of Little i^ice Valley out
\\'8lker Valley tribe came here also.
Kane means young live oak place.
QrPfik enteri
rotter Va
?^flgt Greek. branch of Upper Outlet Creek4--^
(Traverses Yew Tree Camp. )
iiprhy Ridge. KB of Willits. (Name means Red
-Xfipinah-kom
■y^in-n»b-kom be-dsb.
..^pyi,ah-hi-tum
■Kn-ahi-da-mal
ff Yfti^y fmm east (from toward
.TftT^-ra-kum be-d&h'
.3hnibe-deh^
.Po-da-no'
v/*
• H.
GSOGR/PHIC Nam ^3 IH klfi-TUli-MZ-H UNGU;G3
^:^^r plrces in their own territory/
nm VaLLlTS VALLEY x COAST:
/ V
SoAb 3prinfji8> about 1 mile above (east of )North Spur— Eel -li-kgh
[Another
Lay ton vi
on Harden plsce, between
/ , - -^
Sherwood feh-gh^-p-mo \
^3hake Citv^ or Inmiiliifl Keh-ahiffi-kl
Alpine Name means 'Peppemut tJold l»nd^ B&^hfim'-m^h SiJ-
mehl
South Pork 'Noyo River i— Old log camp & post#ffice — Bft-dPh-t?gh-ggh'
Neme means 'fbrks of creek
CX)AST REGION:
Cleone CreeV — Ig-koo'-ngh ^enjalt
Qafl|iBr River ghfihrtum^^g-dgh^
Noyo Crpek Mo-yP ^^-M
Hare Croek (just south of Noyo) \\q' T?9-d<^h*
Puddinp Creek, near Fort Bragg Ki-y9n^T?fi-(trh''
name meanp 'Duck Creek'. ._ -_
\
^id^a.
II BEG ION:
3»],>hur SjI-ingS (comeF into Tut tie Creek — -—■ -
"from Signal wt.) N«me moans 'Bad epg water'
Wiite'p flench (at North Porks Long V si ley road)
Name mean? 'Long flat'.
Lor^ Valley Creek — Nane neens *§ravel ©rerk'-
CnfTTtiincp rnd Twin Hock region- —
N;ine means 'K>rked rook place'
Sheitoo-leh^kah
•Ki~kol
Me-chah^be-deh^
.Kah'lbe-s e- te-mah
Efttlesnake Creek.
T)ntQh Ilfnrv Creekfrigef in Stronp, Hi,
to Long valley Creek). Name means
and flows -
Tlry creek'
.Mut-te be-dah^
■Ta-bo^ be.dfh'
10-mile Crepk { ju8:tHft©iit4»%f Long Valley) Be-da-to
<*v
f •■
<L
6SOGRAFHI0 NAMES IN lUE^TTm-MAU UNGmUE
Per plaoee ^taida of Me-'tum-aeh terii'tory.
She-o-ki bcdah'—^— South Jol Biver (Hearst region).
Be-domLuto be»dahl 3outti Fork Eel Hver
10-mile River.
tah-biVbe-dah- Uiddl© Pork 10-mile River (south of Efl=aJb|,
Ridge). Heads about 1 mile back of iiah-to .
Tg,PQ-we Qap~ in mdce running NW from Strong Mountain
iatanpuig ground of coast 0o-ko-ton-4il-ke.
Boo-tah^ dan-no Strong Mountain. Name means 'Bear mountain''.
Kilahal be-dah^ — 'Southert Creek' [not located J.
gOjba-dah*.^ • Sn^ll valley and creek next north of T«alker
^- Valley. Pormer raicheria there. Belonged
to Walker Valley tribe. Nana means 'Open
. ^ r -^ hole creek*.
^ ^ ^ ~ HaDcer Valley
3S.le' *. 'Little Valley' north of Glenblair (Upper
Pudding Creelc). Plf ce where the Sherwood and
Little Lake tribes met as friends every
summer. Bel on f^ to 3herwo9d tribe. Neme
means 'little valley*.
, , '"<
j^^-t6.>qe-vah — — Rockport %-. Cottonera Creek.
^o>aawl — Usal pl&ce and creek.
Bull-dam be-dahi— Big RiVf r.
GEOGRilHlO KiiM23 IK OR HEAR SHBRIfiOOD VALLEY
In ^e-^tum-raah Icnguege of Little Lake Velley end prob-
ably the same in the langiage of the Sherwood
Valley M-tQ pQ-ffloh*
Sh^rwpQd Creek teh-tp^be-deh'
Curley (fovA Creek (tributary of Hain Sh»rwood Cr. ) Kttl-le-kQff^^9-d?h
Spring in end Sf Sherwood Valley about 1/4 mile Ksh-i-kgh
rrcm Sherwood Inn. On county road* The first
house on the xt)ad was right there. [ Another
of same name on same road about 2i miles from
Vilillits. There is an old orcfe:rd there now.]
Name means •Raven spring'.
4iopk or toneue of Velley about 1/4 mile Ml of Sherwood^ ^ ,
station. Name means 'Grouse nook*. Cha*>bo^
R^R. passes \rithin 100 ft. of former rancheria.
I'lock at T?ogt end of Sherwood Valley about 2^ mile?
from Sner.'ood station
t8?-ytt
■
North WQgt end of Sher-vood Vallev about 21 mi leg „,>, _ .,
Wii of 3her>70od station Ki-kit.sil
Kane njenns '•Ind of valley'.
Jj'let on north side of Sher.wod Vellov Kah~mah-do~ki
g iiiixe from stetion. On present Louis Bello-
deeux'?? piece. Name means ^6old spring Flat*.
Spring on prrgnnt Indian land near Sherwood Shu-tah-kfih
Pl£ce where Sherwood Indiana live now (1922) &gh-Wah-t9h-k9^
•shil
Name mean
■woo4-«— Te«ki
ng
ey
ce \ mile
due east of Sherwood 8tBtion--«Tsi-kah>dah-no
ry. Name means *Bluejey hill*.
imel" creanery
?■ lis and plgce about 1 mile east of Charley yn4er-
■* hill's ranch house. Former large rancheria gni ^
roundhouse there. Name meanp 'Bear f ells f . — — — Su=
^d^ow i«'lat T on county road near Rose stetion
about o miles south of 3her vood. There is an
old mnchprie there. Belonged to Sherwood tribe.
Bu-teh-kfih '
Me-turr-mrh
G2GGBaPH1C K/m^3 IN OR KL'-R SIC^VGOD VLLHY - p. 2
'Littlf? V^ltoy* north o:
»^ , /
(on Upper luddinp Cr. )— S^da
.^tror.r iilountsdn-
.Bu-tchVL-r-no
Boo-tf:hMfn-r.o
Ileet
d nf North ynrK 1Q-mne I^iver end its deeo cenvon-
(between Strong Lountain end Taoo-we Gap J.
iilH^lfi.apQlt
about -
there. Name meens 'middle ».ock'.
-z*
Place in hills on Ba-sh a Ridge 7-
about 4 miles NIK of Sherv^ood. Isomer rancheria
.}(;ih-bft de-lfc
1^^
foi>^
m-Tm-^.^AR TFIBE LIST
Little Lake Valley.
Me-tum'-rcah or Me-tuin«-ki Po'-fnah* . .Their name for thonuSlvea.
Pomoan tribe inhabiting Little Lake or lillita Valley, the
name of which in their osn languaije is Fe-tum-ki (called 'Ber
turrf'k i * by Totwtin tribes on Puaaian T^iver and Clear L'ke). .
The territory of the ^^e-tum-mah extends northweaterly from
\he aite of the present to^n of Will its to a little beyond the
aaTarriill at Horthweatem, ant; thence to the coaat, .vhich it
reaches at Cleone Creek (in their langua-t^ La«koo»nah >
or poaaibly at Pudding Creek, extending thence aouth to Little
piver, thua including the Ft. Erags. Noyo, Caspar, and.EisPiver
coaat regioh, , vhich waa called Eul-dajn or ^ooI-d'Ah.
The Ife^tuniMnah proper »id not claim the eastern part of Lit-
tle Lake Valley from WiHita to the mountains ind ToniQci Cr. ;
thia was the territory of a closely related band called Shfir
muf |:o»mah. - Neither did they claim the northern part of Little
Lake (now a tule mar ah) and adjacent northern part of the val-
ley, for these belonged to the teand kno«n aa Buk-kow-hah. re-
garded by the Me-turrrmah as a distinct tribe. — cMm~s^
The name % - tfg']-™^h -chu t- te was applied to all Ite-tumnnaah
villages in Me-tum-ki or Little Lake Valley.
there were 4 impottant permanent winter villaTges containing
about 600 people. These were: Cha-bo-cha-kah chut'-te. Po-kah-
chil" ohut-t». She-o-kah*lan chut-te . and Tsah-kaK chut-te.-^^^^^
H<
/Vv^.Vv-V^-'V-J'v a»--^.s-,_^ (JiM,M)
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<<■ '
BO- YAH VILLAGES
The E9-yah. or Coast Pomo, held the coast country
from the mouth of Gualala Biver north to the rogiOn
on the
north aide of Navarro River. Following are their villages,
according to Stephen Parish of Pt. Arena, a member of the tribe:
On ridge just north of mouth of Navarro
1.
River (permanent village).
2. Kuppish ko« Near ocean on vshat is known as Guffeys Cove
(permanent village). The name 'Cuffey£:s Cove' is a
corruption of Kuplpiah ko.
3. KfiJS=§ilsll. On top of Greenwood Ridge, about 5 miles
back from ocean. (Big permanent village.)
f
4. Yph-kp-deh • Summer camp at mouth of Elk Creek.
5. Sheh-d9h. Permanent village on coast at place called
Mi Her, or Bridgeport Landing.
7
6. Kgll-sha-lem. Permanent village on Brush Creek about 2
miles from its mouth. Large town. The inhabitants
were removed many years ago, by a man named Shoemaker,
to the old village Che-cha between Manchester and
Point Arena, where their descendents still live.
Shoemaker kept the people as slaves to work his ranch.
7. ?d'D9h-hc>W« Permanent village on south side of Garcia
River a mile or mile and a half above its mouth.
Large village.
8. Kgh-bk-PiO. Permanent village on Arena Cove, on north
side of present landing, and about half a mile
from the ocean.
9. W9-Qhahl. Very large permanent village on north side
of mouth of Gualala River. Southeijmost rancheria
of tribe, tiie Gualala River separating the Bo-vah
from the Kah-sh iiyah on the south.
10. Gha-Qha,. Old pemanent village between Manchester and
Point Arena, on the Boonv ill e. road, about 5 or 6
miles back from the ocean and only 3/4 mile north
of Garcia River. Now a Government Reservation
and still inhabited by survivors of tribe.
H.^Sil-shah-ko.. Acorn camp and winter rancheria on the road
from Pt. Arena to Boonville (apparently on west
side of divide between Ranchpria Creek and Brush
Creek and near Mountain View.)
12. Kah-ya-P-IJTn. Acorn camp and winter village on upper
course of Garcia River (on or near Phelps Boiith.).-
BOYAI — ADDITIONAL RJWOHERIAS GIVM BY BtRRETT
1
Bahengro
Camp on north bank Garoia RiTor on ^Campbell
RanohS
Bo^8hah->d»i>lah^oo • .Camp on prjeoting point at shore line just
north of Greenwood; was at south end wagon
bridge between Greenwood ani Coffeje CoTe»
3/4 mile to the north.
Ch0^do*^bah»te # # • Camp at ^Bridgeport* on ooast 2«»l/4 miles
eouth of mouth of £Lk Creek*
Dah-*mahl^dah">oo • • About halfwajr between Greenwood and Elk
Greeks and 1/2 mile baek from 006an#
Dja^shaw^me # « • # Just scuth of oemetery situated 2/4 mile
north- northwest of Point Arena*
E-'W»>yttwk«>sha # • • Camp on north bank Garcia RiTor 3 miles up
from cwT Shaneoosha (indefinite)*
Kah-dah^lab»oo • • .Camp in bottom of small guloh just south of
store in small town of •Fish Rook\ which is
Kamli
on coett 2^1/2 miles northwest of GUaJala*
Canrp 1/4 mile norti of Bow«n0 Landii^ and
l«3/4 miles northvest of Gualala.
V.
K h^sah^sahm . • • • Canf) in rrouittains between North Foric C/iilal*
BiTor and Rock^Pilo Creek and 5 rriles oast of
confluence of Horth Toric with main Gualala I^rer*
Do'-Yfih Adfiltional Yi lo/\eA
Kah>sil>chim>ahydah • ^On north bank Alder Creek just east of
point Inhere county road crosses creek;
just pouth of 'Luther RedoFeyor ranch •
house*
^^
Kah^-wah-chahm Canp near north bank Garcia Rirer probably
4 miles up from Kiyelem* L- Ha.Vi-.>^a!-X-\inr^ J
jCle^ tel In mountains tetweem Garcia nirer amd hoad^
waters of Horth Fork Gualala River, probably
3-1/4 miles northwest of Lacliupda*('^^'-^a-^k ^j
Ko-dah''>lah^oo # • • • .In hills 3-1/2 riles fron ocean and near
north bank of Brush Creek* Al^o ^iron as
about a mile up the ridge from this ] lace#
Shan^e-Qo^sha • • • • Canf^ on north bank Gualala Biver [Garcia
River on Barrett^s map] probably 12 or 13
miles up froi mouth (indefinite).
She- ho- bo •
•4^ • • • Camf) in mountains a little north of east
«
of mouth of Garoia Riber and 1 rrile west
of Mountain View*
So- WW Camp near nort^i bank North Fork Cualala
River, 1-1/2 miles up fron confluence ith
main s tream.
Ta^-ki Carrf} on rid^e inarediately south of !'orth
Fork "i;ialala River, and 2 milos east of
its oonfluome with main s^roam#
-H^-K ~
M— ^
^i^JU^
Uo«nah-*oh66
Ho-na«-che6
1 ni-ttte I
Ho--na-ch6s
Monnchi
Momidji
Itono
Uono
Bunnell ^
Elst. Prftsno Co.
jtralen Olark
Kroeber
ilstoritnn
1880
1882
1907
V Hot corttiin iThother tho iwaae rolited to the a»voiw 7nlloy
or tlutSieiTB Monache. or both.
Asks
Names in Bo^^yah List
loya^ • Naiae used by Loeb (Poiro Folkways, 194)
for •the people from Rock Pile (Mbaimi or
Knoya) • .
Note.-- -Error: Pock?ile rancheria is Kah*
hrf^ho and belor^ to the ?/e-shah' chmrf-gii tribe.
Knoya is an obvious error for Kan->n<^ah the
tribe next north.—
Bo-yah
V\^ A5>xXo<, ^^■^»*^
•l*OU .^cUt-*.^
Porno an
Bo-yah: Pomoan tribe on coast from Navarro Ridge just
north of Navarro River southerly to north side of
mouth of GuaMa xiiver, and extending easterly into
interior about 7 or 8 miles in the north and about 15
or 16 miles in the latitude of Point Arena, nifaere their
territory is broadest. Their northern boundary is
Navarro Ridge, the divide just north of Navarro River,
^hich it follows easterly about 7 miles, then turning
abruptly south and crossing Navarro River, follows the
south side of the river (some say the divide 1^ or 2
miles south of the river) for 5 or 6 miles, when it
again turns south and southeast, following the divide
between the coast waters and those of Rancheria Creek
to near Mountain View and keeping south across Garcia
River and the North ij'ork of Gualala River* The southern
boundary is the divide between North Fork Gualala and
%
Rockpile Greek \rfiich it follows southwesterly to the
junction of the two streams, beyond #iich it ccntinues
along the north side of Gualala River to the ocean.
East of the place called S61sig the eastern
boundary follows the top of the ridge about 4 miles east
of Salsig and continues southeasterly alohg the divide
to a point a little east of Mountain View where there
was a winter village (and acorn camp) called Sil-shah-ko.
Still farther south on the upper course of Garcia River
{ '
was another acorn camp and winter rancheria, called
-/^
feip'
Kah'-ya-^a-lim. This was on or near Phelps Ranch.-
See also Boyo.
"^i^b^)
"HXKoJs^^feOJu - — ^^ftV^dUiv
[JU,^ oJCJU")
^'
^ JJQ^ll ^.'TLltuctoKiu^'?^'^ >V<OwW-sWl Wfljps I ^^V^jf
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^_i« »iilT J
A ^1 % .i.«j> >
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oJU-^'-^
S.j^jJU^
^ —
H.VW^Ko^cUX.
^ia ^ .i::^ >vv-v^^^ ^
/e:juu^ <j^joJk.
S^ 5\xo^W^()^O^W . (U/.....-*..^.o.-^:3^r^^
4> KQk.W-s\JL'^l<i.v^ .
rVx.««A..>w^ <^^jt».i^^ oua<>.^x>M ^^ ».v>j»^*'>- ' V 1^— — -I
;2J^;^ GLr>Jt/^'«»^
(^\^ Jl5La.a»>ajl.
4,j^J35U- 4uJkj^ ^ "&#.>s-«^<«-^'^^siUkO<
V--u.^5L_ Vi^^S^J*^ •
■bUs>V-0>.Vv.-sVv\'>*^«JI,v A, "t=^ **-*»— •
St' ^1—
i=ibJA
Axv*-V*>-X^-3tJ^ A>H^ 4 \\>,t,f.> y^ »*v^
\^. KoUk>ua?^8cA\'vw
n »^ ■»>
VAJuk
*1
SCfeAmTansU
Boiyah
•pwioan
■^oiyah! Pomoan tribe on coast from Hararro Bidge just
north of Heyarro River aoutherly to north aide of
month of QusMa Hiver, and extmiding easterly into
interior ahout 7 or 8 miles in the north and about 15
or 16 miles in the latitude of Point Arena, where their
territory is broadest. Their northern boundary ii
Havarro Hidge, the divide just north of Navarro Rivir,
which it follows easterly about 7 miles, then turning
abruptly south and crossing Havarro Hiver, follows the
Bouth Bide of the river (some say the divide H or 2
miles south of the river) for 5 or 6 miles, when it
again turns south and soatheaot, following the divide
between the coast waters and those of Hanoheria Greek
to near Mountain fiew and keeping south across Garci*
Biver and the North Jfork of Gualala River. The southern
bouttiary is the divide between North Fork Guelala end
■/.■
Rookpile Greek ifaich it folloss southwesterly to the
junction of the two streaBis^ beyond iritiich it continues
along the aorth side of (hialala Biver to the ocean*
Sast of the place called SiLlBlg the eastern
boundary follows the top of the ridge about 4 miles east
of Salsig and continues southeasterly along the divide
to a point a little east of Mountain Tiew where there
was a winter village (and aooxti camp) called
Still farther south on the upper course of Garcia Biver
was another acorn camp and winter ranch eria, called
-/ \^
Teljb
Kah-ya-a-llm. This v^as on or near Phelps Bench. ^^^^^^^^
See also goyo>
i(?Ua^ -^^^aA
/ ..
UH-TA
A anall Pomoan tribe of the Yorkville-Ornbanm region
Old Bill Dock (deaf) tells me that the Lah'-tS tribe to
^icsh he belongs (and he is a full-blood) extended westerly
from the ridge between the headwaters of Rancheria Creek on
the west and those of Dry Creek on the east (called Chaparral
I
or Brushy Ridge), their territory including lorkville, Ombaum
Springs, and Ogle's and Hyatt's ranches.
On the north his tribe (LaH'-ta) included the "Bill Rock
ranch," Melville ranch, and "Pire Back" (4 miles north of York-
Till e), beyond which were the Tali-bo-ta or Boonville tribe
(Anderson Valley tribe).
The boimdary line between the two tribes follows the
divide between Rancheria Creek and Anderson Creek, crossing
the Yorkville-Boonvi He road about 7 miles northwest of York-
ville and 3 miles southeast of Boonville.
The southwest and west boundaries I did not learn.
The southeast boundary is Pardaloe Creek.
The old man tells me that ths tribe toward the coast from
his tribe was the Kan-no-ah. and that they spoke tha same
language as his people. The Rockpile tribe (Kah-ba-ho or
We-shflh-chmfimi ) spoke differently, talking more like the
Gloverdfllw MaK~V«h,mo nhnwitni .
He says that the KsP-np'-ah. IfllidLfi, ard Sho-ko^-flh lan-
guages were essentially the same, but that the "old" Boonville
Tan-bQ-tfl talk was different and like the talk of Pinoleville
S'^?:,^?.'*®^ ''^^^y ' LThis seems strange, but I have been
told the same by others.]
- c,<aa^ [July 1925]
k3:;KrVa ~ \^>JUj.SLSb^^ Six^^JU,..-^ ^^...^/^
»^v.
Y«TW«rlU«.i
A^i-^VvU^ay,^^^. igji_^^
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(S^
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llx^
S-A^r- S^ NjOv-
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Kcil>\^^o'->ci^ ^
^■••^^^••'^^•xl-^^!^^ ^1^^ J^>>Xm^
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fii^-t^ ^wO^ Jx^^ ) .cL^x.^
ttt_ ftit5L\U<J2^
^^i^*:'?^?:!^
iiA*^
\Vw
<Ki^ 3 /v-i-A-si? Sxs^< *^^AL^.oifl5cK .
\lsc
^-fit-y?
Tg^Vv!- U^'tix ':<ajeiL
c^ ii:^d^!t^v^^ Lt-^^A:=-
-.^Jl^t^ JLjC^Ci/vv^JUaI-ju-^
Usr-0
X>^ -tfi?:x.^^^3
I|uXjl^i!tl
SHO-KO-AH
Hopland Tribe (Mainly from old
*^ Tom Connor
)
\
On the west side of Rassian River the south line of
the Hop land Sho~ko-ah reaches the river at Ciimminsky.
But on the east side it stops just belo« Squaw Rock
near Pieta.
South of the Sho-ko-ah. on the east side of Russian
River, are the Den-n5l-yo keah. a small trihe extending
from Pieta Creek south to Cumminsky. Informant thinks
they also held a narrow strip on the west side of Russian
River (from Fountain to Cumminsky), which I doubt.
The boundary line between tiie Yo-buk-kS-ah on the
south and Ihe Sho-ko'-ah and Den-nol-yo keah on the north.
runs east and west from Cuiminsky
'^H^
Hopltmd Tribe (Mainly from old
Tom Connor)
On the west side of Russian River the south line of
the Hopland Sho-^ko^ah reaches the river at Cumminsky.
But on the ehp,t side it stops just below Squaw Rock
near Pieta.
South of the Sho^ko-ah, on the east side of Russian
River, are the Den-nol-yo keah, a small tribe extending
from Pi eta Creek south to Cumminsky. Informant thinks
they also held a narrow strip on the west side of Russian
River (from Fountain to Cummir^ky), which I doubt*
The boundary line between the Yo-buk-ka-ah on the
south and the Sho-kd'-ah and Den-nol-yo Iceiah on the north,
runs east and \?ost from Cuirffninsky._^
^^^^^
SK^AcoUj^-Vhl*^ ChO^**-^^ l^-T^K^
^^ C:^ .i....^. _ _, -Wc^C^^VAo^
I « . ' - . !
h^Jjyy^^^ Se^>woUM.o
^tL-skcOOJ
^u^46j^^>ji^ ^Jjva*^
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~ '^^'K-'W/SV^H-O ki-o-^ - "^-"^^iiJI**. ■«-*•.
^
JL*.
KolV\5^ - Qu- \M0Av-\o\N >Cou^
A^*.»K^ I M /\ama3v.».J^
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<i^^^Ot>V I -^U^^c^
*jk>
Ha-^
HHifMglipi Hi'
« »
SHO-KO-AH
Pomoan tribe at Hop land on Russian Eiver
(Prom old Tom Connor)
Hopland Valley Sflzfifil
Cunminsky Creek (this side of McDonald). Yo-j§-ah
rDeer Cr
Its junction with Russian River .... -j^Sh^ p" dah
" r Quail , hill
Mt. in angle between Cuasninsky Cr. and river .)^aii^-kah-kah i^o
Boho Ko-lo-ko
t
rrock water^ in
Squaw Rock jKaK-be kah ha-lo^
Mt. between Fountain and Pieta ..... 3hah Icpl-lq-IOW
Creek at Fountain Ki-ah hop p'dah
Place on west side of Russian River nearly
opposite Pieta (20 men killed a woman
there) WpK dah-e-ls'-mow
Indian Creek (to Hopland) Rph-tab-bil
Railroad tunnel near Echo ....... Choo~duk-ba~o,
Squaw Creek • fihflh-tah-mo
( sahp
Upper tributary creek to Ash Creek . . . 1 Ho-eopMah^
Snow Mountain PeBf-mah^yah'-gaht
Acorn camp at head of Cunminsky Creek. . Tah«te
Our people extend to a little beyond Snow Mountain.
SHO-KO-AH
Hopland Valley Tribe
(from old Tom Conner, Sho-kd-ah )
Horthem boundary near Largo bridge (probably
Parsons Creek).
Bast to suomit of Miyakma Range.
South to Pieta Creek on east si3^; to Cummin^y
on west.
West to mountain divide.
Southern boundary west of Russian River runs
from Cumminsky station westerly over mountain to liountain
Homn («r McDonald) on hi^way (at fork of road to Boon-
Tille) and continues to north bend of Diy Creek and fol-
lows ipper D17 Creek to head.-dw^
• •
(Sho-ko-ah)
Pirfefi^ place (the bench on east side Russian
Biver at mouth of Pi eta Creel^ Kati-wel-low
Pieta Creek: Ka^»wil-low f JA^
Felix Creek: Kah-bS'-lah pMA^
Duncan Springs: Kah-hcf-ja-low (the sick bathed
in it but did usi. drink it )
Duncan Peak: Se'-nol^yo
Eedwood Mountain (on west side Russian Rirer
between Echo and Pr as to r^TTTiat-ta-sha dan-no
Hopland Twin-peak Mt (4-5 miles south of
Hopland, on west side of river between Pieta and Fountain):
/.
Shah-kal-lc kow
\.
McDowell or Indian Creek: Kah-tah-bill pedah'
Place near western border of Sho-ko-ah territory
(near eastern edge of Lah'-^ta) ^ere our^ people used to
canp: Mii^sh al 1 ,
c^i%w^
5e ^ K©V Ho-'*^"'^^
Ijrf*^-
'K'U^&V.Ol'K'KIv^V ••
KolW
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Tie-to^ Wcl^Q. .IBOLVL-KOV^O CfrUcO^g^u^)
/-
SVvo-\s*'' o-W ov S)Wa.-vvt\.
\Vo^Ve^'K.(k M-olW^LH^ Y IV R.
KU3±><^ -W..^
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L-A>vJuou\
a
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}^U^'^^*/«^
THE KOMLE, A POMOAN TRIBE
In reply to an inquiry concerning the location and status
of the Kom-le. I received in March 1927 the following informa
tion from Stephen Knight, a flffiffi" living at the Indian
SettlementAsix or seven miles southeast of Ukiah.
Under date of March 14, 1927 Mr. Knight writes:
"Yesterday I had a long talk with Dan Scott^s mother-
in-law, who is the oldest member of our tribe, the Ukia hj^Xp-Vv- <^kX
"This is what she had to say about the Komle band of
Indians:
"The Komle were a band that had occupied the section
now taken up by the town of Ukiah and the Asylum, the northern
portion of the territory claimed by the Ukiah tribe. There
were five or six bands occupying the valley then, and the
Komle was one of them. The name *Ukiah» was applied to one
of these bands dwelling in the central portion of the valley.
The name Ukiah was later applied to all the bands in the valley
except the Komle , who had in the meantime quarreled with the
^ rest of the dwellers in the valley and were driven out. The
Komle then went over the mountains and settled in what is
now Scotts Valley in Lake County. They never came back,
"They spdke a language that was half UkiaKJanaThalf
Calpellat£^VKflLk>s4o!.wViUft>u],
"liVhere they came from no one knows, but several
persons tell the same story as to how they happened to be
•2.
in Lake County. So far, I think, we have the story right.
This old lady, Scott's mother-in-law, herself, heard these
thirds from very old people when she was a young girl, and it
was a tradition with them. So we must infer that these
things happened several hundred years ago.
"Some old people used to say that the Komle lived in
the narrow strip of flats between Blue Lake and Cold Creek,
but it has turned out this was a big mistake.
"It is quite certain that if the Komle had not been
driven out at that early time, they would to-day be counted
Ukiah Indians; in fact some of my old people claimed to be
members of that band, while speaking the Ukiah language
pure."
K<Sai-le. . Tribe and rancheria formerly on
ground now corered by northern part of city
of Ukiah. Stephen Knight, a trustworthy
Yokiah Indian wna told by an old Yokiah
woman (Mother-in-law of Dan Scott, a Lah»ta
of Yorkville) that mwiy years ago [aeTeral
hundred years ago Knight thinks] the Kgm-le
occupied the no xthern jart of Yokiah Valley,
including present site of Ukiah and the
asylum at ?alirAr;e. they quarreled with the
^o^^i^ aJTd wsre driTin out of the vf^lley.
cross ir^ ^he mountains to the east and set-
tlir^ in Scott Valley. Some of the old
people 3a|t the Ksm-le established themselves
on the narrow flat between B?ue Lakes and
Cold Creek [bu+. this was in the territory
of the Ki-vow-\mH^tr!be , but ^night does
not believe this.] Where the iToin-le oajm
from "no one knows.*
t
Stephen ^niPjht adds. •They spoke a
lan/Tua^ half Yokiah and half Calpel la
C-^Jjah-sod-tah-ki-ahl .'V e<»M4^
Votuc^ -6<»«/*^ Oiuii<e>A
- 2 -
THE YO-BUK KA^AH
^
A Pomo an tribe formerly occupying the valley of Russian
River in the Echo region and extendirg thence both easterly and
westerly in a rather narrow belt (in extreme southern Mendocino
County) from near Whitehall- on the divide between the heads of
Dry and Rancheria creeks, easterly to the summit of the Miyakma
Range, which separates the waters of Russian River from those of
Clear Lake. Along Russian River they reached from Cumminsky^almost
to Preston. The main part of their territory therefore lay be-
I
^/
tween that of the. Dan*ngl-yo ka-ah on the north and the Mah-kah-mo
chum^mi on the south.
Locally, among the whites, the Yg-buk-ksc-ah are known as the
•Echo tribe • from the circumstance that Ko-lo-ko. their principal
village, was on the west side of Russian River at the place now
known as Echo.
Stephen Knight, leader of the Yokiah tribe, in replying to my
tf
-/ '?
in;|uiry, states that the Yo->bah>ka-vo tribe had little settlements
on the small flats along Russian River between Hopland and Clover-
dale. This agrees with information given me by 3 Indians of ad-
jacent tribes, namely: Dan Scott, survivor of the We-shah-tum-mi
tribe (better known as Wahl-hol-la) of Rockpile Creek; old Billy
Dock, survivor of the Lah-ta tribe of Yorkville; and John Thompson,
survivor of the Mah-kah-mo-chjimmi tribe of Cloverdale Valley.
V^
Pronounced also YjS-be
Southerners — from ^ s
sense) • ^bt%^iv*_\cvj:^A^ 3-
name means
(in tribal
The Yo-bah-ka-ah were in contact with seven tribes: the
Lah-ta on the west, the Sho-ko-ah and Dan-n^l-yo-kaya on the
north, the Clear Lake Ku-lan-na-po on the east, the Mi-yah-ka-mah
and Mah-kah-mo- churrmii on the south, and the Ma-hin-kow-nah on the
southwest.
The tribe seems to be extinct. Their language was essential-
ly the same as that of the Ifein-nol-yo ka-ah and Sho-ko-ah. differ-
ing dialectically from that of their southerly neighbors, the
Mah-kah-mo churmi.
Synonomv .
Ubak-hea: Tribe or band between Sanel on Russian River, and the
coast. —Gibbs in Schoolcraft, 3, 112, 1853.
Ubakheas: Bancroft (after Gibbs), Native Races, 1, 451, 1874.
^ , X mam
Ubak-hea: Mentioned but not identified.— Barrett, Ethnogeog.
~ Fomo, 178 footnote, 1908.
Ubakhea: Handbook Am. Inditms (after. Gibbs) Pt. 2, 861, 1910.
Yo-buk-ka ah & Yo-bak-ka-ah: Location, boundaries, & relations.—
Merriam MS 1924 h. 1925.
io ArxAjtZ-ksC^^L ^^ lw^>^^^>^^
\l 1, n M
/}
• «
,SX^J^1l*--A^^^
t »
r»
fcpui^ jDu s-mk -^U^? .cj^w^y^*^;=fek
'^-•-'VvvviX^^
Vujj^ ^"^s^K Xiii^'^^.
. . . See Ts e- vah- kah-b' aU y o
|V\-poa"t-.SoQ>n]
t ^'. ; •.. 'tf
..'J
crvi
S -aX'Or't.A.
;ioi
ipo). . Loeb, Pomo Folkwlys, 234^J926^x
^^5-7
See Ka-'bel*'£)QLYYa\,EiiK'wo-^j.tjD4Towwo, y^. t5'>,\tb. ^a
o2r.
:waya, p. 234, 1926, See Jiab-be nap-po
ra
IT.
,t 1908) . . • See Har- ray^ t ^^^"^,^^| ] 'j^^o^ ' ')
L See Ho-fel^-lek.
Ka'-^.'T^ '^■'^'
y
southern part of Soot| Valley* Their
Is t resided as a division of the Bq^al
Kulanapo.-- chv-^-^
\
lO-BUK-Ki-AH — Boho Tribe
•WjOILV.
X«^#tC.
lOSL
Small^^tribe on both aides of ^riyer at SchOi
readiingA^in narrow belt to head (or near head) of
Dry Creek^ They had a rancheria Ho-cha'-te-'ah far up
on Hpper Dry Creek. Get boundaries. .
Dan Scott may know.
/• _/
YO-BUK-Ki-AH — Echo Tribe
Sm8ll^tribe on both sides orXriver at BchO;
readying /^in narrow belt to head (or near head) of
Dry Creek^ They had a rancheria Ho-chg^-te-ah far up
on Upper Dry Creek. Get boundaries.
Dan Scott may know.
YO-BUK-KA-AH
/ /
The nor them boundary of the Yo-buk->ka -ah . running
westerly from Curaminsky, crosses the Red\jocd Highway at
KcDonald Kountain House, and continues westerly on the
north side of upi^er Dry Creek to tVhitehall, and is said
to push northerly to Snow Mountain.
RedTOod Mountain (Mat~ta-sha dan -no) south of Echo
on the west side of Russian River, belongs to the
Yo-buk-ka-ah tribe. Another mountain in their territory,
3 or 4 miles west of Redwood Mt, is called Kah-baht-we
dan-no. It lies imriedietely east of the headwaters of
Soda Springs Creek.^
«i*^
YO-BUK-Kl-AH
' , -'
The nor the in boundary of the Yo-bulc-ka-ah, running
westerly from Ounaninsky, crosses the Redwood Highway at
McDonald Mountain House, and continues westerly on the
north side of upper Dry Creek to Whitehall, and is said
to push northerly to Snow Mountain.
Redwood Mountain (Mat-tJ-sha dan-no) south of Echo
on the west side of Russian River, belongs to the
Yo-buk-ka-ah tribe. Another mountain in their territory,
3 or 4 miles west of Redwood Mt, is called Kah-baht-we
dan-no. It lies immediately east of the headwaters of
Soda Springs Creek. ^
THE YO-BUK KA-AH
r
1 1 II. — -I k^
- 2 -
Cl .
A^ Pomoa^ tribe formerly oooupying the valley of RuBsian
«
Biver in the Eoho region and extendi r^ thenoe both easterly and
westerly in a rather narrow belt (in extr«me southern Mendocino
«
County) from near Whitehall on the divide between the heads of
Dry and Rancheria oreeks, easterly to the summit of the Miyakma
Range, which separates the waters of Russian River from those of
. Clear Lake. Along Russian River they reached from Cumminsky almost
to Prestom The main part of their territory therefore lay be-
tween that of the Dan*>nol^yo ka-ah on the north and the Mah^kah-mp
Qhum^mi on the south*
Locally, among the whites, the Yg^buk^'ka^ah are known as the
•Eoho tribe • from the circumstance that Ko-lo^ko. their principal
villap;e, was on the west side of Russian River at the place now
known as Echo*
Stephen Knight, leader of the Yokiah tribe, in replying to ny
inquiry, states that the Yo^bah^karvo tribe had little settlcwnents
on the small flats along Russian River between Hopland and Clover-
dale. This agrees with infounation given me by 3 Indiana of ad-
jacent tribes, namely: Dan Soott, survivor of the We-shah-tuin^n^;^
tribe (better known as Wahl-hol-la) of Rockpile Creek; old Billy
Dock, survivor of the Lal>ta tribe of Yorkvillei wid John Thon^json,
survivor of the ^fahr kah- mo- ohunin i tribe of Cloverdale Valley.
Y Pronounced also Yg-bahob-ka^ah and Yo'-bah ka-yo. The name means
Southerners— from "yo south, bah from, and kS-ah people (in tribecl
sense).
■«i
u
.1
The Yo'^bal^ka'^ah were in contact with seven tribes: the
Lah-ta on the west, the 8ho^ko>ah and Dan-nol-vo»kava on the
north, the Clear Lake Ku* lan-na^^po on the east, the Mi*'Vah>ka«-mah
and Mah^kah->mo^ ohummi on the south, and the Ma^hin^-lcow-^nah on the
southwest*
The tribe seettns to be extinct* Their language was essential*
ly the same as that of the Dan*n51^vo ka^ah and Sho-ko^ah. differ-
ing dialectioally from that of their southerly neighbors, the .
Ubak^hea: Tribe or band between Sanel on Russian River, and the
coast.— Gibba in Schoolcraft, 5, 112, 1863.
Pbakheaa : Bancroft (after Oibbs) Native Races, i, 451, 1874.
Pbak-hea; Mentioned Vxit not identified.— Barrett, Ethnogeog.
PotJo, 178 footnote, 1908.
Pbakhea: Handbook An. Indians (after Gibbs) Pt. 2, 861, 1910.
Yo-buk"ka^ ah & Yo-bak-ka-ah:
Herriam M8 1924 & 1925.
Location, boundaries, & relations* —
y'h^v&i^
^0«vO
VCo^\ - ^^* '' ^ S)*vo^*s\ 6<\
e<i/i<5>
/
v_
^ :i
. t
j[ah^dii->ah
£&IOftIL
tah->ohi'^ah: Coast tribe extendi eg from south of
Gualala Biver southerly to about 4 miles south of mouth
of Hussian Hirer « Their name for themselTe8,«$4
pronounced in the sane nay by the Kah^tah^we ohuM^ml
of Healdtbuxs;. But th« Borjffib^ronbunoa it)8lif&tl7
A7«h.tibii
Alfferontly -^^gah»8bi»ah instead of Kaih-ohl-ah.— cit^
The Kah-chi-ah may be treated either as an
independent division or as an aberrant member of
the Southwestern group. They possess a large
number of distinctive words and also many words
ider.tical with, or closely related to, those »f-bwv
If
Mah-kah-mo ehummi and K»h'-tah-we /Jhummi; also
imilar to those of the Bojah^YoMah
many words s
group, and not a few like those of the HalkMhi
bahO> of Clear Lake, and Jjyu^like /tbos e ofiM
Me-t^omlmah of Little Lake Valley ^wUU^sV^iyu).
The Boyah-Yokiah division might becom.bined
with the Olear Lake divisi on(^ Hah-nah-bahj^, but
the number ohwords is so large that it seems
best to tteat them as a separate group
(X)RRSGTIONS ANDJ2QMPNTS ON SOME OF THE ENGINEER N
GOEPS' MAP gHEEis~OrCALlk)RNU -w
^-By C. Ha;
0OR-.ECTI0NS ifND COMMENTS ON SOME OKTHE MGINEER CORPS'
iWp SHEETS OF GL&IK>RNIA —By G. Harri!»*:riam
>•
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i
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("asUtlk)
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(fi>^-j^ C>1
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0-^aL>ifn.«<f-Kjic - cut '^»«tflr%^'*Kjoi* Cf(bl H«Hk *\JL^
1
Day'iltKC
Night
Morning .
Evening .
Noon . . . .
Midnight
Sunrise
Sunset
/ 1
\
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(^-^ (jiu:^ w»i=t ♦J H*W, /^5„ — -■>»•').
»•■■■• ■♦I
Summer
Winter .
Spring .
Fall
KsLJCLX.tLVVVWfc
A month or moon
•>—■ I ■•— — ■
1st
2d
3d
6th
7th
5th
1 116 moons •••••••••••••
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' (,
MAH-HgiliH-QHTTMlMT
The name Mah-hflUgh (dnml-mi is \»ed by
the Pomoan ffe^shtun' tat-tah or Kah-tah^we-
Qhim'-mi of Healdsburg region for the Kahehi a
band at Charley Haupt ranch near head of Haupt
Creek, a southern branch of Middle Fork Gualala
Biver.
Laiat: Bob Smith, chief of the SatlJ^LLa
tribe of Stewarts Point, tells me that th»
so-called Mah-he'-lal^ ohiiml.mi are merely the
residents of the Charley Haupt ranch country
and belonged to the Kah-ohi-ah tribe. -
To-^ol •V'^t:^"^ <,-^~o^
is ««i>j
liUBBit flf lMiatb«ig rif Im for Of UhslbiA
¥«d at Charity Bai^ imab oaar baad of Haapi
Qra*. a wvlhan Vravk of liAAla Pork Gnalala
fiirar*
islis; Bob aidth. oiiiof of tko laiMbift
IriW of Stamrta Paint, taUa aa that tla
aa-eallai
ara aaral j Hia
ratidanta of tba Gharlagr Ba«j^ raaoh eaaatry
aai telaagod to tha lah-Ai'-rflfc triha. -
% V
Toa BSBia
tha Poaaaa la-ah
ia wed by
tat^tah or tah^iah^aa-
Ami^i cf laaldabarg ragiaa for tha i«t>a>>i «
Vaad at Oiarlay Bavpt nneh near haad of Haupt
Craak, a aaathara hramh of liddla Fork Ooalali^
Birar.
Ulaii Bob 3Bith» ahiaf of tha SahflbiA
triha of Staaarta Foist, talla Ba tiiat tha
ao-aaHad
ara aaraly tha
rasidaata of ttia Qkarlwj Haapt raaoli oooatxy
and halaand to tha tah.iflhi'-ah triba. - c^^
•
<i
r
: OloTerdale Telley tribe; their name
for themselTos. On the north tlivir territory inoludes
''.'■ ' '
MoOraye, the #iole of Oat Valley, Preston and all of Olorer-
dale Yalley and reaches south to about a Biile south of the
Swiss Colony iftli.* Both east and west of Olorerdale Valley
they eztoad only to the top of the first ridge — about
6 Biles on the east and .only 8i or 3 ailes on the west.
On the east (o?er the first ridge) they abutted against
the tribe they call AhkihfiL [or Ahiaho 1 Qhnaiai (- liyahklfih);
OH fHe wtst/^thej were in contact with the Dry Creek tribe,
whom they oall Mfl.hin kowinahi on the north, with the;.^ietal
4 Kah-welClah; on the south with the Geyserville Valley
f4h=8hia
ohmn^mi (s;,Miyahkmah). Their northern boundary
Hie Inh Vfih WP «biim mi of CloTerdalt
VaXlsy, the ll«.hiBLko»-Bah and ffhah-toi^lt
abiip'i^i of Ihry Creek, the lalbrti. of
lorkrilltK-OrBbaum region, and the go^Bolah
Of^orth «M» of Boolqpils Creek and of
H«rth Fork Gnalalm all speak essentially
sane dialect* ^
i«g. 10, 1925.
crosses Hussian Hirer just north of the corered bridge at
Preston. Told me by John Thompsoa, menber of tribe.-
/VyVflJtvl-WoJiv-.'Vvx.t) eAvMk.'Vw.*'v^v
^^>sl>^«J^ (M^N>^^^|i..^^3U>>*■#>-A^ ) ^
i:^:?^:g-*^fcL^^:f:^^
^.y^iKiij:^ gMf^^^^^'^^ft^ J^-'Aft-^^^.-^i^
(^-W-^^S>S|J^^
;7J^;;JJ|^j^ /Wa.^Vwvc Vj^aJL-^vspJ^ >
UU.3C"
^y<^^*-^^^^'''^:^jy^^^-^
T-**^^^ ^i-^;;5!^f;!!^JLo^^*s^
^^^^^^-^^ *^ ^^^ ^^---^^Jlw.
r^^^^s.
i^JJUl^J;^A^v>»S^^
JUC^
/VwoVy H^i^'^'^^J^ >"^^^^
^p-44LlI^ar\u2^
II
.^^ :P^:'^li^^-^.W._^-^.-^-«^_
/"
ORIGIN OP TRIBAL NAME 'MAH-^H-MD
The Indians of Cloverdale Valley on Russian River
call their own tribe Mah-kah-mo chnmimi. They tell me
that on the lower part of Sulphur Creek, less than a
mile from its junction with Russian River and only
ahout two miles from Cloverdale, there used to he a
notable fall called Mah->kah^--mo > i«hich some years ago,
owing to a landslide, "caved off".
At the foot of the fall was a large pool where
the salmon gathered before attempting to leap the fall.
During the salmon runs the Indians used to
come here for the purpose of capturing fish for drying.
A hyge sack- like basket, called Hah-ko-bi-ah> was con-
structed and suspended alongside the lower part of the
fall by means of ropes of grapevine. The salmon that
failed in the leap and fell back dropped into the
basket, i/4iich at times caught as many as 200 salmon.
MAH-KAH-MG CHUHMI, THE CLOVERDAIS
VALLEY POMO
John Thmpson, a member of the tribe
still living in his own territory tobbt Clover
dale, gave me the followipg information as
to the territory of his people.
The Hah-kah-no chunmi of Clove rdale
» . 1,^- ^i
Valley extended north to Preston (1-W line
crosses Russian River there); west to Cherry
Creek, irtiich it follows south to about 2
miles from its mouth; south to Chianti in
Russian River Valley; and east to Lone Pine
and Little Sulphur Creek.
Geyser ^i^ksi. rises just off from the
southeast comer of their territory but
belongs to the Ash^-sho chummi tMishawel]
Aaks
Ouajooa 3jidiar»> >Loeb (Pomo Folkways, 206 ^ 1926)
•who lived near the location of the present
town of Cloverdale**^-
•Guenoc- — Indian^ but unidentified.* Kroeber,
Handbook Indians Calif* p* P95, 1925*
The nuenoc spoken of by Loeb could not have
been the Guenocks Cffen'-nokJ of Putah Creek foi*
they could not talked with the Kuhlanapo (as dest?
cribed on p. 206 Pomo Folkways) for they belonged,
to a widely different linguistic stock#~ oi^^^v^
EANCHSRIAS OP THE MAH-KAH-MO CHUM-MI (^<^.^j
There were 3 good -sized villages presided over
by a single head chief. One was on the east side of
Russian River; the other E.on the west side: OJUL-t^^
Kali
-Qhftt-teimo; on east side 'of Riassian River
just above thti^n bridge south of the mouth of
Big Sulpher Creek. There used to he a Roundhouse there.
Ah.Tnukiko; about 4 miles south of Clover dale,
on the east side of Russian River (on the ranch of
old Sam Berry) ^ little above the Swiss Colony.
There used to be a Roundhouse there.
T^Bh -1 nny-ko i on west side of Russian River, a
mile aid a half south of Cloverdale. Si^tnew
washed away. The railroad passes over it. There
was a Roundhous e . there also. -
(3L,-4> ^-^-^^
( U^vSlX- '^-^^'^'K^ )
"^
1-HSuU^
a^^
>§n-^ ,^vw^ a-a<*^
n-
l
lB9t molars*
nterpterygo id fossa less narrow
Angular process «horfl|er
Upper molers essentially same size«
Lower raolarifona seriea sli^tly smeller
and noticfably narrower^
:■%
/^
I
-i
Th« Clorerdale Mali-kah-BO ohiai^i say
that Skaggs Springs belongs to the D17 Creek
tribe (Ma-hin kow-lnah). and that the Dry Creek
language is nearer that of the Healdshurg
»
Kah"tah«we chmi-mi than to that of the Clorer-
dale Mah-kah'-mo dmnnmi, lAiich seems strange*
And still the Clorerdale language is nearer
that of Dry Creek than it is to Tokiah.—
The Mah-kah-mo chum mi of Cloverdale
Valley, the Ma-hin-kow-nah and Shah-kow~we
chum' mi of Dry Creek, the Iah~ta of
Yorkville-Ornbaum region, and the Ko^-no-^ah
of /north safe of Eockpile Creek and of
North Pork Gualala all speak essentially
same "dialect, -s
Aug. 10. 1925.
' •'
Aaka
Names in Mah^kah-mo List*
Ah-kalif-mo- cho-lo-wah-ne
Barrett)
Village near W bank of Russian River about i
mi, SE of Cloverdale.
E-chah>chati>i-hli [l
wJBi Barrett). .Old Caim
just S of R. R. station at Asti*
Makahmo. . pillage occupies both sides of the
mouth of Sulphur Creek. Barrett says:
Gah-shah-te-mo (fijnantSlmio^ Barrett) is name of
the part on S side and
Ge-shep-tS-ton (jiiBi|j|ju(iw»tBarrett) the part on
N side.
Gah-che-te»yQ (
▼ i -.^
Ai.
Barrett. . Village near
W bank of Russian River about i mi. S of Pres^.
.» r
/ska
Mah?-kah-fn
Ah>kah«mo> chO'»lo^wah*> ne (ctkafeotcSlowanl Barrett
Village near W bank of Russian River about i
ml* SE of Clorerdale*
E-chah-chahKi-hli (lUugBtallii Barrett). .Oldc^mp
just S of R. H* station at Astl.
Wakahyno^> . pillage occupies both sides of the
mouth of Sulphur Creek. Barrett says:
Gabf^)mh^te-mo Crfftsft^Ikiwo Barrett) is mme of
the part on S Bide and
Oe-shep-te-^ton C^ufptlifUuii Barrett) the part on
N sidle .
(rah^che^te^yo (
•• ^/
Barrett. . Vill^i;e near
W bank of Russian River about i mi. S of Presi-
«• «
Asks: Names in MaK>kah-mo List*
Ki*me (tefeMie) . . Name of uncertain origin ap-
plied by Powers to CloTerdale tribe.
Mi-sal-'la Ma^:un or Wu-sal^la-kuh* • . Mentioned
by Powers in 1877 as tribe between Geyservil
ville and Cloverdale.
Kroeber states that Makahmo "at mouth
of Sulphur Creek was the principal village
of a group most frequently referred to
as Musalakon*
Asks
?
Guenoc Indians.. Loeb (Pomo Folkways', 206, 1926).
•^who lived near the location of the present
town of Cloverdale*.--
* Guenoc- - -Indian, but unidentified." Kroeber,
Handbook Indians Calif, p. 895, 1926.
The Guenoc spoken of by Loeb could not have
been the Guenocks [Wen-nok] of Putah Creek for .
they could not^ talked with the Kuhlanapo (as des-^*? i]
cribed on p. 206^ Pomo Folkways) for they belonged
to a widely different linguistic stock.—
» fWjO<-At^^ kjikJvv
IH
O^
'"-It w
>*«^V »JL
^^--^■^u^e^
^trs^ ^
n^^--^
i^ 3£^2i£i:*-^^^^^-ri^-C' «-^ -Wf^i
Q2JU.*!iRUL.,w-/o**.^
\^'
"5-^ (guA'-o ciAx^^'.t^'^ yUX
U
-<U*-* — ^-'i^*-*!^ )
^»-^**-^ ^ /i-^4^ Jt^^
<aA-%Js(- I >i^ .o^
,,/Vi*^ ,* <<^
*- " ^1
f--ft-fju- c^>JuA ^KCLk> « kaK'. ko .
jL^. I'f^S^ 1
Sa-^.4..0^ tX.^ \MsA/>^
lU>sSiJLjL-^
yVaX,J-"t0Lk^W4. tl\*^v*'v-J
c>-4tx_ a,UvJ:;£Xs^^ t^^ JjU^
'VA-nXUa
t<* — ^ /^x»^.^
t-^
J^^ ♦^ AA«^«JL.^uv^\uiju^^ ILk XC,«jk^
f »
^'!*"<l» ^g''^C:=;r^--:l ■ ■ "^^ ^*r^^ ^^U.-£^«u«J.,-J(. "fe^^-v-*
A/s.-Ot*^ ^a-^J<*^
..AJL;Tfec_
W*-^ l=-e>.*--f..«.A.^'^^ ^"^^-^
V^-^v-JUp-^^^--^ -|^-^>^
^-*-iu>^
-e^
^^ J^>-**f ^t^^^^-f^y^^^*
^<^ g^A^^^u^^ tj.^.^^^^ ^JU.^ ..^.o..^ j/^ ^.^^^
iSU-
N-
*^r?^;^^ ■^WJ^r-^''^*^^ V Ui.^a^
-4*AiUU..oos^ ^2-*-J^, «*-X <»^:^-«.K^
(X v^UCc^
•i
^^Vj;. >|- o^ ..^
f . »
V *
^^,..Q,
SL^
^J?^:^__*^r^'4^ .-€u^ Xitt^ ^a-!-^
.-h^.. ^ ^^r^^^'-L--^
i^-^- —
in
Q>tii^i» ■ JoJ^
Ko''^lsk- Wol^ f ^Vw-MjJ^^w^ ^:<»^~AS\
> * * -^ ■* ^1 \i-m ■* - t I,
oJU-S^I ^^ oJjL
-f-
Aska
Names in We-shah' chun>-mi List
Kubahmoi> . Loeb (Potio Folkways, 244. 1926)
confused as to the geography of the region
puts *Kubahmoi* [Koo-bah^^S)^o-* e] at "Rock
Pile". But Rockpile (Kah^ba^ho) is at the
head of Rock Pile Creek whereas the village
Koo-bahv^o-e was at the mouth of this
creek— about 12 miles farther west. —
i
s
/
WH'SHAH CHUM MI and KAN NO AH
Prom Dan Scott>^Vife«>8hah chunwi of Kah-ba^ho
ft " '^"^^o ' •
The Ka n-no'-ah talk the same ae the Bo^-yah and the
present day Tati-bo-ta> (Different from the tfe->8hah chumni>
who talk like the Clcverdale tribe^t^Mati-^kah-mo chuiiini)^
The lipK-tp talk the same as the Sho-^ko'-ah (Hopland).
The Kan-^nd'-di talk the same as the Bo-yah, only a
little different from the Lah'-^ta md Sho-kcv^ah.
Wet the We'^shah diuinmi. do not talk the same as the
Kah-chi'-ah on the south, and very different from the
Kan^no-ah on the north* Our talk is close to that of
the Cloverdale Mah^-kah-roo chucgni*
The line between the Kan-no^'-ah and the We-shah churoi
,-- _ ' "
follows the crest of the ridge south of North Pork Gualala
River •
WE-SHAH GHUM-MI
Also oelled Kah-ba-ho . (Prom Dan Scott, a
nember of tribe)
Bastem limit: crest of ridge east of Ledford.
Tribe east of ridge Shah-kow~we
Rancheria at Annapolis (big village) . . Mah-W-shah
Eookpile Rancheria (big). . Kah-ba-ho (or Im~me-ko )
Eancheria on south side mouth Gualala River. Wol-hol~lah
Rancheria on coast, 3 or 4 miles north
of Black Point . . Chop'-dah
Tribe north of We^-shah chummi Kan-nd~ah
[Territoiy of Kan~no-ah inclides North Pork
Gualala River and extends south to ridge
north of Rocipile Creek.]
Yorkville-Ombaum tribe (west to include
Ogle's Ranch, all) lat^-ta
Blkins Ranch (2 or Z\ miles nortlmest of Roc]q)ile)
belongs to Kun -noiflh tribe.
The Kan-no-ah reach northeast to Garcia River and
Pardaloe Creek (the southern boundaiy of the Yorkville
LnH-tn ) . and east to head of Rockpile Creek on the ridge
idiidi separates them (together with their neighbors on the
south — the Kdi-b§-ho) from the Shah-kow-we oh^mpii on the
east.
Wg-SHAH CHUM^MI
Also called Keh->ba^ho> (From Don Scott, a
member of tribe)
Eastern limit: crest of ridge east of Ledford^
Tribe east of ridge • • . • Shah-kow->we
• •
M*-kow-shah
Rancheria at Annapolis (big village)
Eoclq)ile Rancheria (big). . Kah«ba^h6 (or Im-me^'-ko )
Rancheria on south side mouth Guelala River. Wol^hol^^lah
Rancheria on coast, 3 or 4 miles north
of Black Point
ChgpHJah
Tribe north of We^shah chummi . • . • . • Kan-no^-ah
[Territory of Kan-nd'^ah includes North Pork
Gualala River and extends south to ridge
north of Rockpile Creek.]
Yorkville-Ombaum tribe (west to include
Ogle's Ranch, all) ......... Lat^ta
Elkins Ranch (2 or Zt rniles northwest of Rockpile)
belongs to Kan -no^^ah tribe •
The Kan-nd'-ah reach northeast to Gercia River and
Pardaloe Creek (the southern boundary of the Yorkville
iflilrtfi)f and east to heed of Rockpile Creek on the ridge
itAoh separates them (toget er with their neighbors on the
south— the •'Kah-ba-ho) from the Shah-kow-we diummi on the
east*
• *
11- SHAH GHm-MI TILU0B3 iND QillfS
fltA«j«taii««H Barrttt 229). Ob
OMtt a^at Z Biltt SB of Gnal^li Muth* (B)
8i-altftii (flftiltfiiL Btrr«U 229). On ooaat aWut 4 sIIm
SI of Qntlala soath» ob Hbbs BtltnoB tsbaIu
CVvo)p>daW Of
(t«nide BaiT«tt)« Ob eoBtt 1 or 2 allM I
•f BlHtk PeiBt. -^ (^H^^
Alwat 2 BiltB B of iBDopolio.
it JBBOtioB Bo^ilo Orook vitk BoiB
Oualala Elfor. (B)
Ob B Bite GiMlBla Blvor a^at 1^4 BiXoa S
of Bouth of Beekpilo Orook*
gh»h»plillrA>tai (t«ajahakatoB,Barrott). Ob B olio Gnalala
BlTor S of Booktif 0 Orook.
Bft-^rtlitti (or Iahl.^h»too-o). At Anoapolio.^d^^^
Mih krnr nhni About 1 milo E of iLncspoIio (inportaat rillago).
tttimLij - In ■oBBtaiai SB «f Annapolio aed H of Middio Foxk
OttfiilalB.
Bnht Mh'flhn At JunetioB of liddlo fork ^ik obIb Goalala
BlTor (ob point of ridgo)* SouthoTsaoot Tillsgo of
Ea»boo^.^. Ib BOBBtaiBO B of Hlddlo fork aad i of FaXlor Or,
lah«liiiiho^ At Bockpilo OB i^por Boekpilo Crook*- c^^Kv^
*
■s •
WE SHAH CHUlttll
Geogrophic Names
Prom Dan Scott » member of tribe
Bockpile . . . . . . . .
Flat Ridge (about 4 miles southeast of
Boclqpile) ..^.m .......
Kod-bah^-mo-e
Mo-2-da-ton
Chemise Ridge, also called BrusAi Ri<3ge,
just east of Ledford (forming bound-
ary between Kah'»ba->ho on the west
and Shah->kow>we on the east) •• • •
Porks Gualala River (Junction of Middle
Pork with main South Pork about
2 miles northeast of Black Points ^
Sg^oiMBhdi
Kaht-ttaj->je or
Kah^-mah->je
(Belongs to f?^?hah ^^1^?"^ - Mah-kow-shrii)
Place on top of ridge east or southeast of
Ledford* Belong to Shah*>kow-*we and is
close to their western boundary and only
a short distance from the heed of Rock-
pile Creek Dah-if-len-to n
* »
yxi SHAH CHUlfflffl
Geographic Names
Prom Dan Scott, member of tribe
Rockpile
Flat Hidge (about 4 miles southeast of
Bockpile) .............
goo.bah^^-mo-a
-g-dS-tpR
Chemise Ridge, also called Brush Bidge,
just east of Ledford (forming bound-
ary between Kah-ba-ho on the west
and Shah-ko^we on the east) .. . .
Porks Gualala River (junction of Middle
Pork with Min South Pork ebbut
2 miles northeast of Black Point) •
SS-Ott-ghih
Kaht-maj-je or
Kaht'^'-mah-je
(Belongs to Wfl-^ahfth fth^iimn^ = Mah-kow-^shah)
Place on top of ridge east or southeast of
Ledford • Belongs to Shah-kow-we and is
close to their western boundary and only
a short distance from the head of Rock-
pile Creek •••••• Dah-i-len-ton
Aska
Names in Wa^^ahah' chiOT^mi List .
Kubahmi. • Loeb (Pomo Folkways » 244 » 1926)
confused as to the gec^^raphy of the region
puts ^ITubahmof C^oo*>bah€^.o«>e3 at •Rock
Pile*^ But Rookpile (Kah^bS^ho) is at the
head of Tteck Pile Creek whereas the village
Koo'^bahv^o^e was at the mouth of this
creek — about 12 miles farther west*— «^*''*-^
'^j^^<eJ^ c
"^« — -S««>C3ar
— Kf^o^uxr-^o'^e
mmmmm^'mmmimm
-^ -^ww:
WHMttMgMMHM^tfM
! Jd #--CA^_d-'>^
4;]^ S-^v^^^^J^^
XMolIVo^Wgls
'Vol
^kii^^
^<-/tJL.p-^OJ^-
Retake of Preceding Frame
\KlsJL\vck-A\G^
3
'Vol
X.X
1vJLI»vsvTj>3oJkjL. ^
^w^uJ|L5Kis>J^-
Vi^ VN.E.. VMlVdL^
v/ *«* A « *
: ^o^vwo^*^
With Tew exception* the finest
baskets ever made were the wprk
of the Gualalas (WalhalUs). They
lived about twenty miles abovcr tne
mouth of the Russian riv*^r. They
had fine physiognomies, P*-ominent
features and unusually strong bod-
ies. . ,
«asi^
^S^^JML..^^
^^-Sj^^^-^-^^X^ .j^_ Vck^^k
Kaw^awl on- 1 el - kah
^^aw--awl on-
east of
Told me
IkO-WWoLt^
Kx>-<t3oC> ^^^fc^OUv.
el-kah name for tribe
hto and Long Valleys].
rom Bockport.
Y^.
># 4
IJU: lU*r::..*,>^ h-A^w^
'l^x-V'
?.«>V
V^^iiX^J^
The ?ia-hin-kow->nah include the Shah-kow-we chum -mi
who occupy the upper part of Dry Creek Valley down to
about 2 miles south of Cozzens, near the junction of Dry
and Pena Creeks. —
Synonomy:
Ma'*hin*kow-nah chumnaii, ->-Name given to Dry Creek tribe
by Pomoan iiiIah-kah--mo chumnmi (of Cloverdale Valley).
Min-ko-nah chum-*mi. ---Name used for Dry Creek tribe
~^^ by Pomoan Kah-tah-we chumnni (of Healdsburg region).
Also probably used for themselves by themselves.
The name of Dry Creek is Min-ko-nah.—
(V\ tpik Kuk M6 cUm/m m J
mother wanted to ^om why.
when the son
wQnt/to breakfast at his mother's.
she remarkea, "I miss Brittle girl."
He replied, /sV is all right; she is with my
wife."
\
• y \
\
ma ii9fat on for f lve\days and nights . tte
lUno girl nov/r goin.^ hom« to breskfar.t. Hor mother
wonderea ^hy/ On tto sixth day tho l\tle girl «nt
/
home, fhe/hahy could no^;7 move his hands ^ound.
A.'iC^
The mother asked, 'n.hat is the reason yoa do
not oo^e to breakfast?"
/
The girl answered, "1 did not feel hungry.
61
The Dry Creek tribai, Ma-hin-kow-nah chum-mi, including
A\>o^CfcO
their <^sterly oontinuationpthe Shah-kow-we chunf-mi, occ\:q3ied
the drainage basins of Dry and Warm Springs Creeks, beginning
3it or 4 miles northwest of HealdsburgQibout a mile west of
I^yttoiJ,and extending northwesterly to the high diride (Las Lomas
Ridge) between the headwaters of Dry and Warm Springs Creeks
and those of Middle Pork Gualala RiTerf^reacliing nortliweTterly
to Pardaloe Peak£)M3y^outh westerly to Las Lomas divide between
(iiiddle Pork Gualala and Warm Springs Creek^^^^-^^-^'^^^^^^^'^^
The eastern boundary of the Shah-kow^we chum^-mi is said to
be Cherry Creek from its source south to Bede Mt. (Ah^-katf-^ko dono).
#iere it turns abruptly east to become the intertribal boundary
between the Shah-kow-we Aum'-mi and the Matf-kah-mo chum-mi «
MB-HIN-KOW-NAH and SHAH-KOW>WE CHUIMI
(Ux~>.J,»-up. «J— ^-'^ *»^^"=^ '
Geographic names from a very old Dry Creek (Me-hin
koW-nah) women, Mary Lucas (full -blood). Aug. 9, 1925
Dry Creek — ___--- Me'-hin-kow-nah
Warm Springs Creek _ _ _ He-bil-le koW-nah
Skaggs Springs
_ _ _ Do-no kahS^-let'-lon
LCalled by Dan Scott, a Labf-tg man, Ah-kaK-ho wah-ne.
meanii^, hot water^
Cozzens (on Dry Creek) All- 1 ah chap pd^dah
Mountain north of Skaggs (between forks of Diy Creek
and Warn Springs Creek) Do-we pat- we do'^-no
Cherry Creek (tributary of Diy Creek from north) —
Ati-le hel-le kori'-yo
Soda Springs Creek Ah-kah o-ho wahn kow-nah
Las Lomas sunmit divide -Kah-waH" chan-no
[Not sure that informant had right place in
mind always. — c*» — ]
EB~HIN-KOW-KAH and SHAH-KOi^-Wg CHUlJMI
Geographic names from a very old Dry Creek (Me-^hin-
ko;v-nah) wmm. Mary Lucas (full-blood). Aug. 9, 1925. S
Dry Creek — ^
file-hin-kow-nah
ifarm Springs Creek —->_.. lle-bul-le ko/-nah
3kagc3 Springs —_-__-- Do-no kah^*^~lRt-ton
Called by Dan Scott, a La^-ta man« AK^kah-ho wati-ne.
mcf^niiTg, hot water.
Cozzens (on Diy Creek) - Ah-tah chap pd*dah
Mountain north of Skagr;s (between forks of Diy Creek
and Warn Springs Creek) Do- we pat-we do^-no
Cherry Creek (tributary of Dry Creek from north) —
Ah^-le hel-Ie kon-yo
Soda Springs Creek Ah-kah o-ho wahn kow-nah
Las Lornas sunmit divide Kah-wah chan-no
[Not sure that informant had right plsce in
mind always. — «^^*--^ ]
The Cloverdale Mah^lcah-mo -ohua.-mi say
that Skaggs Springs belongs to the Dry Creek
tribe (Ma-hin kow^nah) , and that the Dry Creek
language ie nearer that of the Healdsburg
Kah-tah»we chum^mi than to that of the Clover-
dale Mah-kah-mp ohum~mi , ^ioh seems strange.
And still the Cloverdale language is nearer
that of Dry Creek than it is to Yokiah.«-r^^,^
'Hv«.'- k'Ov ~ VCOVN '- >v«k.k
-%~V . O^ N.o^ .^JlJ^ ,^..,^^
ei
s^'-^'i-U. ^-*^
7
^?-r1.(tt,4\
4iVM ^i^^iuJB^--^ ^We'^Vvlrc-K^^^^'^^^tv.
^J>o/-:Wg >c^-we c^ki^j::^^-
Ao^ N^cA^ -(Jl*.Ow "L. %U,-J^_ "1
r\e.-V\\Y\'VoW-WOLV\ h OnaVv- VoW-W^ cVNU>rrv vr.\
(k
^oa x^av)'r\
Qx^a^
uci H
aw\es
o\ 4>Lcrv>^W/^ Aw.a.'^, N°\%5: _eiA^_
C-IA.,^
Il
.OLcS-LnYYVfluS^
0
__bAk>0
.. , ^. -
• —
o
i>v^ AiNv^e^tKcxVvr wOsVl -Q.Wyv-yi
Cl ^'
IfflY CRBK TRIBB OR TRIBBS
iak 3 tribes (Ifailikdimo . Mahinkomah .
and Kahtahweohtumni ) ;
Did Mehinkownah stop at Pena Creek on
both sides Diy Creek? Or did it reach to
Skfiggs Springs and on iqp Varm Springs Creek
to Las Lomas divide?
In other words » did Mehinkownah and
ShahkowwecdimBmi continue westerly side by side,
or did both i^per Dry Creek and Warm Sprix^s
Creek belong to Shahkowwe?
DR. C. HART MERRiAM
RKSCARCH ASSOCIATE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
(e. h. harriman fund)
ADDRESS! 1©19 Sixteenth St.
Washington. D. C.
SUMMER ADORBSS
Lagunitas. California
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Pdb. 21, 190B.
r
County Surreyor
Santa Bosa, California
My dear Sir:
Can you tell me just *ere the place known
as Cuzzens was? Some of our maps show it at the
junction of Wara Springs Creek with Dry Creek, others
several miles farther down Dry Creek.
Tory truly yours
V>.A.^
v^/»-»-VoOV^
ci.o-z-xe.'VuS
^Aa-LasX^
^vJ^^^ ^
R
-XA-o— kta-^>^.
^l!>-^L4^\'
tUa-aJ^-iJ^* — f. 'f
^W/xX ^ ^^Vk -W*' v^-'>=^«^*
iv brtwcU,>-^A Klc'^^r.
h
Wv'.v. -k .'-^-w ^t^^-^-'- W^ tefcboL
C^uu^v
/.
/^^--t-A^^
4v.sA..v.,,.,.,.oJL
-^5^^*.«s, CC
f?^!^^'
Ma^^Polikla name for
side Klamsth River jus
T. T. Vlatrrman, Yurok
Amer. Arch, o^ Sthnol. ,
2, No. 25, May^:^l, 1
bel
leo
2a
VJ*^-""
.x.arokATevfitoyy on
A mouth of Salmon Piver.—
aphy, Univ. Calif. Puhs.
16, No. 5, p. 183, a: map
Z,su.
■»*-^ •
CL-*-- ' >a_c'T..i_/' _
Asks
NamsB in We^ahum tat>>tah List
Cha>cha^wah--ni ^tq^jgwani Barrett) > . VillfxgB
at N end of Santa Rosa Lagoon, where it flow«
into Mark West Creek*
Chichayomi^ ♦ T^ncheria mentioned in books of
onoma ^Tiasiom Can this be Barrett's Cfii:£^^5i^>
Mo-ko3> . Old ranchi^ria near Guerneville. Given
^
me by old Kah-chi-ah woman at mouth of puBsian|
T?iver*— Later, stated to have been on site
of Geyserville before the Miy akma-^M i ahawel ^
war.
Barrett gives She^yo^ le
*i as nB£te
of old villn -e t Guerneville, and Mo^koah^
•///
pa- 00- loo
as the recent name#
«■
Suluvomi- • Rancheria between Bodera and Santa
Hosa. mentioned by M G, falejo inlB33- Can
this be same as So^to^vo-me?
Aska. Names in We-shum tat-tah List*
O-mh-ohil-ish* • Mivah^kah*>nrih name for
yah-to-we chum^r i tribe at HealdsbuiTg on
Pussian Hiver* Given rre in 1905 by old
Miyahfamh mtin*—
0-naht-ae^lish (#iiiiii4#ttAe Barrett). . Wappo
name for Porno inhabitants of She^'^mBi-lah^
(clmela) , lifptrtHMMMKerGill^^ on N£ bank
of Pusaian Piver about a mile N of present
Alexander ¥alley village ajaiifebout 5 mi.
of HealdsbuiTgi Originally occupi(?d by Pom
who called it dsaokoWl.—^Barrett.
Yuko tun>>mi. . We-slmh' chur^mi name for Santa
Roaa Porno > —
Yu^^^o chum^mi. .One of the Kah^^tah^we chugn'^mi
■— wSi^w^— i— <fc— II ■ I inKw— — I 1 ■ i>ii — mil II !■ I . I I ..11 III I I I ■ .,1 ,i,i»ii.^
immes for Pomoan bands at Sebastopol and
Santa Hosa.-- fSebastopol-f 3arta Posa-jy
Aska, Nfiunea in We-abuiCL tatLrtah List.
O-hah'-ohil-ish. . Mj-yah-kah-mah name for
Kah-tO'^we chunHmi tribe at Healdsbuiig on
Russian River* Griven me in 1905 by old
Miyahkmah mflpi • - -^*-««- — .
0*-naht«se-lish ^fwMrtniaAc Barrett). . Wappo
najfne for Porno inhabitants of She-ma- lah'
jillags on NE bank
of Russian River about a mile N of present
Alexander Valley village and (about 5 mi. NE
of Healdsbuii5< Originally occupied by Porno
who called it tflflMiir^ --Barrett.
Yugo turn- mi. . We- shah' chum^mj. name for Santa
r
Rosa Porno. —
Yu-/yo chum- mi > .One of the Kah-tah-we chum- mi
names for Pomoan bands at Sebastopol and
Santa Rosa. — feebastopol + Santa Rosa O
Asks
Names in We-shum tat-tah List.
i Barrett). . Village
ChS!'- cha- wah- nfe.
at N end of Santa Rosa Lagoon, where it flows
into Mark West Creek*
Chichayomi. . Rancher ia mentioned in books of
c?onoma Mission. Can this be Barrett's c?U-<u«v,^i
Mo-kos. ■ . Old rancheria near Gruerneville. Given i
me by old Kedi-chi-ah woman at mouth of pussiai
River. — Later, stated to have been on site
of Greyserville before the Miyakma-Mishawel
*
war.
Barrett gives She-yo-le
) as name
of old village a>t Gruerneville, and Mo-kosh-
pa-oo-loo (||^j|g^2|||yyXii} ^9 the recent name.
w'i"«»'. .nMttupm^mi^jsis^-: ■
Suluyomi. . Rancheria between Bodega and Santa
Rosa, mentioned by M G. Valejo inl833. Can
this be same as So^tn^yo^mft^
;
'Asks
.WB-SHUM TAT-TAH
^ k .
-.- • *
Loo*men-tah-kah-lah»~01d village mentioned
by Barrett as indefinitely located in hills foiTnijp|
the divide between Sonoma ai^d Santa Rosa Creeks,
•at a point probably a short distance south of tha
Pomo-Moquelumnan interstook boundary". — Ethno-
Geog. Porno, 314
Woo-ge-le-wah.— Village near Agua Caliente
in Sonoma Valley.— Ethno-Geog. Porno. 314
[Pef erred by Barrett to Mewan stock, but is
probably We-shura tat-tah. J
I
^
^o^s^
^^^^^^^^^GCT;
i\
n
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'"-'> v->m5^.
V
i
s
a.5
F^-^e^ e^i^ •-!::> y
-^^-^4.1
k
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U^'
'Ju'^-'C^y^i.^
■'^*»<
••.^^«, J^^^^
-■^-W;,
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/<>
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0*Vtv\, X
IxAA^gU., t^^ »ft.S*«l»J«.'t =SxVU'.kt'.
H
o^Leica
j^'^^i^:^
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^
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^
r^^^^ Loi^u^i -cijuio le
^VWoc^
0
tf^\ri&^
\NU;jJU*v.w~-:>=^--^^-*- '^-'^^ *
U
1 t
Fv*A.V«Vn —
r^) s^^^ts^^
3«LVvVCVi>X-U \»«-WK\
R«^i«MVaMMI**<i«»- >
Vl^Ji/V. iVm.^- (d/kM^»»^X3£S^ *V
V;^,jL.^-:fc>3^ oJifl^
^ ^^WvjGLlv'-V<<xnrx^'V^^
4»
« (
t \
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It
"-V^w.^^^.**^ .
Vm^^^
\(|V---5.-^=^^ ^^"^^^^^^^ •
^iLv J i» *■< ../» #^ ^ TV « ^ '
"VM*^ -^ ^
^->-^*-v«_
lU-OiUJL
^:tei^'
\*
W
Ic^ ^
Sci'.H:
^ 'VWQ.I^ 1
SuOu-.^^Ca-' y^'J^'^.Jf^ ^ir%^
V V
\ V
( \
t\
La^'^m^ —
'^* U^^A^iSJUjbLfaJ^
'Vlsa^:
^■O-^JSk "^-^-^uc^ feslAlL^
oiL-viL^ ou.^ ^U-^nSC'^^^^--^ f-(Upi2-. -u.*.,^
Jf at ^, UL. ^—^
r^'
vM-Xs^o3^ ..^^ U f^^\y^^JxX^^ Y^^^"^^-^*
"U^
\V
e_M 0L'V\:W^'Lo'Vw42_ ~
» 1. >
^-**yAw -"^=''^^^ —
Le\
^
K •
teeing her that he hsd come in a hurry to asl^at diould
be done. ^Tke Moon and Sun can^t atay thera/r* he said.
• wThty lire too hot. Y/e must do/something with them
right away
If
» I
Low-we-chah J rid she would go and sea
ijlsiimSL the Condo^mV.
ILLssihSL cautloribd her/''i)on't tell Ju-mul, old Coyote-
men, about this or he wilV^poil it." Then he went away.
When LowweohEh.jftlA K.-.^le-woman reached iMieiims.. she told
V
^S^'^t-oi^I^fcJMji
\*«->^C** ^J^-l-^S. (^V^Lc/W^^.
U\\f(LvvV:aA
ov^v
CL%^^i6l<L -
^^-^^H
vut
^1-'
-s: saiK^u^v^L
H
tW^^lVOL
11-^'-^
GcxiLdK
tViJv
%
Ui.u.«Xlt -<^. '^'^ Ktys».><. *. Lvv«^«^^'.
1/
Door
Doorway
Floor
i.ed.
Fireplace
Flame or blaze
Live coals or embers,
Ashes
Light from fire,
• •••••••
• •••••••
• •■••••••••••
• ••••••••••••
W f % V
5Q:.-.i&..
••\io'
/
L^eaci coals ..•••••••••••••••••••
Sn,oke..... •;.'
Smoke hole
m
jr oKer ,.••••.••••••••••••••••••
Firewood
M
• ••••••
• •••••
C'.h.vw.vvf^.f„
i6
* *
L
^YCl'K
JTOlI
J^-Va
O'l^vv
M
^ &JU^t->:*A,|U\
.t^'
* I « _>
tale of the Sun and Moon, explaining how tjjey were moved
from the we'k to the east, and how^K^y were shot up into
the sky, has no ocmnterparJ/4n any myth known to me. On
the other hand certa]i<^hs well known among other tribes
are lacking in t^ present collection. This may have been
/
due to oversight; at all events, they were not told me hy
Vjk-kjb:.
JCX JU^^ ^^^4^ ^
^^— 2^ **_ MVU^v^w^ 'SLf-*^/'
.*
iddins Creek on >bop bluff 60 feet back
Synonorry: rjxiYoVil^ Barrettt Et}ino*i
r-^'^^
^•,-^
iheria on south bank
tidUaratar#-^** ^^i^* —
HftnOf 134»
..' Wi -J<<
WiUU^
o^b»>dah • • GiY«D by Barrett aih^illage on east barfc Foiw
sythe Creek*
C i'(aV\-^e-"ts > >\-mc Tfl->wft\v)
SYnonoCTTi kg b Ida or k§>ba\b^ifc[o > Barrett* Ethaio-rreo;^^ Porno ♦
SHiH->KOff-WB CHDM-ttl
Ranoheria Creek and Upper Dry Creek tribe
Beginning on the NW: Prcm high divide [Las Lomas
and Crane Peak on this divide] between waters draining to
coast (through tributaries of Gualala Biyer) and those of
Dry Creek, Rancheria Creek, and Warm Springs Creek, all
drainirg easterly to Russian River,
Extending easterly nearly to Cozzens (a little
below junction of Warm Springs Creek with Dry Creek) 3 or
4 miles below Skaggs Spring lA mountain east of Cherry
Creek and west of Cloverdale Valley, Kah~wab-no do-no. 1
Northern boundary hard to locate (because of
absence of names on maps): apparently about 2 miles south
of I and approximately parallel to, the road from Whitehall
(east or soutiieast of Yorkville) to Hermitage and the forks
at McDonald (junction with State hi^way), thus crossing
the upper waters of Dry Creek and Peters Creek (or its
L
i *
Shah-kow-we chum-mi) Z
upper part called Soda Springs Creek). Said to reach
Bishop Rancheria on Soda Springe Creek.
Eastern boundary, the divide immediately west
of Cherry Creek and continuing southeasterly across
Cherry Creek (perhaps a mile or so above its junction
with Dry Creek) and crossing Dry Creek a little above
Cozzens •
Southern boundary not definitely located but
said to be the divide south of Waim Springs Creek. Head
rancheria on Dry Creek north of Skaggs Springs. Name
of rancheria * (
North -south extent of tribe said to be about
15 miles.
T*^ Rancheria Shah-kow-we on Dry Creek^overAmountain
:^
north of Skaggs Springs. (Several randheriasbet
Yorkville and Rockpile on south side.
ween
[July 1925]
GBOGEAPHIC NAMES IN KAH-TM-lfB CHUMMI LANGUiGB ^ . . »
In territory of their own tribe;
Dry Creek - - MiB-kftdQfill or-Min=kes=natl (or Men-kow-nah).
Hill Greek - - •Hiin~Mo-e-kow~n«h.
Bossian Biver Be-dah-kah.
Euasian Biyer Loop, just east of Healdsbnrg - - TQ-t89-y9hn«
Alexander Yalley - --Chel-heJ-le (from 5hfil=M, the Yalley Oak,
Lytton - - Tah-lro kal-lew-we
I^tton Yalley - - Ah-shnb-hin
Windsor - - Tflo-la-kow-we.
Geyseryille — SaJlzlfidiSiJia*
Hark West (adobe) - - la=i
ft/ f?
Hark West Creek - -
-lew-we.
Porestville Yo-ghin-ko.
Guemeville - - She-yo-be.
Fitch Ht. - > Choo-dun-no : Ghoo-no .
Geyser Peak - - Kah-ltth-no .
=2=
;, M I V \ ^>
Black Hill east of GuernoTille - - Do-noah-kah.
Lagoon 1 mile southeast of Healdsburg — Kah-to-we
Healdsburg - - So-to-ynm-me .
mnor place names within or close to corporate limits of Healdshnrg;
Bhoo-tah-ko.e at west end of new highway bridge.
Bah-kah-che*^ > between the highway bridge and present business
part of Healdsburg. Place formerly occupied by a winery and
packing house, now burnt down.
Mfl-ti.kah. at the southeast end of the highway bridge at place
now occupied by an oil and gasoline station.
Yo-8hfl~kalle-to-ai-ne . on east side of Russian Birer, about
100 yards below the new highway bridge.
In territory of adjacent tribes;
CaltBtoga > - To-ta chow-we.
Hiddletown * - Lah-lah-tah-le.
Cobb Mt. - - B-hoo-no.
^^
-3-
Timbered Mt . south of Cotb ICt . - - KOff-hgn-PQ.*
Mt. St. Helena - - Po-no-toa.
Uopland - .-Shah-nell
Gloverdale - - •Mfltl-ltah-'aO'
The Geysers - -
Santa Rosa - - ttQOlT--^ft QhQW-TTft-
Sehastopol - --Bflh-tlK-lft Qhoir-ffft-
Petaluma - •?ftt-tfi1-''»Q-"«^'
Mouth of Bttssian Kiver - - ttft-ffntl-lah-lQ'
Proper name of Healdsburg tribe on Russian River, as
used by themselves ; Kfl^-\oJk.->i4e- <i.Vv.«Jvv>I>'Vv\.v ov\Nk-iVvu.w^ft.V^a.\v
««^»
(Information from Henry Maximilian, member of tribe,
*^^ Healdsburg. C.,^
The Ka)i-tah-iTq (}hniim\ tell me that their territory
formerly included the whole of Pitch Mountain (QhOP-Am-nO
or Qho^-no).the great Bend of Russian Rivei;^, and Alexander
Valley (
LJa), north to the site of the present town
of Geyaerville (Kai=lfi=afi=fl.) . and east to include Geyser Fealcl
(Kah-lai-no). They say further that it is only in recent
Xukfifi]
of Alexander Yalley, their territory in early times extending
from the Geysers (Tjail=kfi=mfifl=fl.) , east of Geyser Peak, easterly
over the range and down on the east side as far as Middletown.
The l^«h-tah~wq ftViiimrai followed Russian River westerly
to beyond Gumeville, but not quite so far as Monte Rio. To
the south they reached only to Windsor (TgQO-lP kOTf-Wg ) » They
-2-
consider the people at Mark West and Santa Rosa as a closely
related but distinct tribe, whom they call T^h-TlinB-t9h-d9h«
In the Bph-nnA-tah-dah language Coyote is Ko-sho, while in
Kffn^tflh-TTI "V'"""! it is Ufirlfi..
Mi.
The Santa Bosa people had a very large rancheria, called
-h»-.chftif~wahn . about a mile east of Santa Rosa on the road
to Sonoma Valley.
Our tribe, the '^rh-t°]l-'ffft ^hi^™"i was named from Kfik-
»
tah-we. a lagoon about two miles south of Healdsburg on the
eas
t side of the present highway. There was formerly a large
village called Kahlto^e at this place. The lagoon is still
here, though smaller than formerly <
C/Vi<*-—
X
ITAH-TAH.WH CHUMMI (HEALDSBURG TRIBE)
Geographic names told me by Heniy Maximilian,
member of tribe. _<;^,^
Dry Creek • • Min-fco^-nah
Mill Creek (tributary of Dry Cr.) . . Him-mo-we kow>nah
Pelta Creek (tributary of Mill Cr. ) .Ko-lo-doo-kah kow-nah
Mt. St. Helena Qo-P^ ^PB i'^^& ***-^
General name for high or large timbered
mountains She-yo wch^~ne
Small or ordinary mountains ..... Bgw=no,
High boundary ridge between Santa Rosa
Pomo and Calistoga Miyahkma tribes. No-me-dum-mon
HEALDSBDEG THBE •- KAH--TAH>WB CHUMMI
Prom Henry Uazimilian (member of tribe ) .-^ AiJg. 15 « 1925.
Proper name of Healdsburg tribe Kcii-tah-we chTflmni.
but tribe as a lAole called We-ehum tat-tah [not to be
confused with We-shah cfauiBmi]>
Line between We-shum tat ■'tab and Mali->kah-mo chumni
immediately north of Geyserville. [Said by John
l^ompson f Mali-kah--mo ) to be at Chianti.]
Before the Mishawel war our people had two closely
related rancherias in Alexander Valley, namely:
Ko-lo'-ko (Basket people), on east side of Russian
River a short half mile north of Jimtown;
and
, on west side of Russian River close to
present lytton R.R. station.
pther ggj^-t^h-we chuimi Villages
Mu5->aglko fMus->hag ko->we). Former rancheria at forks of
road 4ir miles south of HeaMsburg (Wauneta gas
station there now) where branch road to Russian
River leaves State Highway. The old rancheria was
west of Highway and east of the other road (in fork be-
tween ) .
KAH-TAH-.WE CHUMI 2
Taoo-le W-we (Blackbird water). Old rancheria at site
of present town of Windsor (old Windsoif) on main
highfray between Santa Rosa And Healdsburg. [Not
West Windsor, which dates from arriral of railroad.]
Show-waK-ko ttunmi. Rancheria about a mile below Cuzzena
on Dry Creek. Old 'dobe' house on rancheria site.
Mo~dam-mon. Old rancheria at mouth of gulch about a mile
east of highway and a mile north of Maik West Creek.
Ridge, canyon, and creek bore same name, and belonged
to Santa Rosa tribe. Another randieria of same
name was on north side of Santa Rosa Creek opposite
the old Mark West adobe, itich was on the south side
«
of the creek 1/8 mile east of present Highway bridge
(Mark West Creek bridge). The Indians moved from
one trite to the other according to season. (Santa
Rosa tribe). _
^»
H?/iLDSBUHG TRIBE ~ KAH->TAH--Wg CHUM^I
Prom Henry lllaxirilian,y^— Aug. 14 (or 15) 1925.^
Proper nana of Healdsburg local tribe Kah-tah-we
t
chumni. but tribe fcs a ;*ole called We-shum tat'-teh.
/
line bettveen We-8hum tat- tab and Mah-ksh-mo diuiaBii
at or inunediately north of Geyserville. [Said by John
Thompson (Ma^-ksh-mo) to be at Chianti.]
Two closely related ranch arias formerly in Alex-
ender Yalley:
Basket people
Q-^lo^>ko > short I mile north of Jimtowi and close
-•
to river*
(from Henry Maximilian) 2
Mu8^8g->ko (Mus-hsO ko^-we)/ — Tonner rancheria
and place at forks of road where N-S road 2 miles east of
Russian River leaves State Highway about 4^ miles south cf
Healdsburg (Wauneta gss station there now)* ^uld randi-
w*^
ttA.
eria^west of Highway and east of Mother road (in fork be-
tween)*
W
indsor)X
Blac]d)ird water
'j,,,^=i.^^ - pr«.nt t„».. of „i„dsor (^
This is not present rliest Windsor, w^icnLnoved
wx^tu
^,
to Vjresent .location when railroa;^ came.
O-so-chah. close to present Ijytton E.R. station
Dry Creek, Min-ko^nah
Mill Creek (trib^*^ Dry Creok), Him-mo-we kow^'-^nah
Pelta Creek (tril^^*^ Mill CrOt Ko-lc->doo>>kah kow'-^
nah.
D-'dam'^mon Ridge and Creek Canyon abait a mile
east of Highway and a mile north of Merk r^est Creek. Old
rancheria of same name there r^t mouth of gulch. Belonged
■n
to Santa Rosa tribe. Another rancheria of same name on
north side Santa Rosa Creek oppo^^ite old Mark u'est adobe
which was on south side creek 1/8 mile east of present
v.*
(from Henry Maximilien) 3
Highway bridge (Mark nest Creek bridge). The Indians
aoved from one site to the other according to the season.
(Santa Rosa tribe)
Mt. St; Helena is Do^nl6|k8n ( lor^ mt.)
G®tieral name for high or large timbered moun-
tain is She-yo wdi--ne> Small or ordinary moiintain is
Daw-no*
Kon-hoffi tat-tah ~ Guerneville tribe (*'talk
almost like us*')
Show^waH-ko tuaimi — ^ncheria about a mile
below Cuzzens on Dry Creek* Old •dobc house on ranch-
eria site.
*-»•<
Kti>»( ^A.-^^tflck
^^^^
/ «
T
Wo
H^g-A-Or^ - -»-^v-ut>4j^jL ^^lu M •£. ^
T
^i^ie
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O^Vwvx
1
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''^'Vi^*'
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( <>fX wX^/^^^mJ)
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h»Ko>v^Vxovw-lra.V^-VAt^
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if
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Sl.5-3=S;^
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^-*-M CLr^ — ^ rVw^^^ ^"^^r:^ -^Vy^pJ^
^:=i.^:=i
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(SU-iuc
) .
IlU o - 0 n.
;fc^r^aK -k»^vv/ ^ai^.-t^jJs
k^ Q-tjL^^LOt;:^ lri.^^,^"t:A-4A (p^
F-^>
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'^^yf'^j:^i -^ JU^^(^.4.>.;=0 "^ l^^O^ TW ^^ ^ ,,^
_lg(C.^^^|.yA.»iL (L»4>ck l^BL V^^JKl
^^oo^^^oox!-^
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(cii
^ot^t^ V\<XA-<\a.W- bo^-'"* or C\ear UaWc PWxsCor,
0
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Q,^ /] <S'
1-
CISAR LAKE TRIBES
The name Hah'-nah>bahg| is a ooUaotiye term applied
\>j the Potter Yalley and Russian River trihes to all the Clear
Lake tribes except those of Sulphur Bank and Lower Lake, and
now accepted by these tribes as a permissable name for themselyes.
Names used by themselves in a tribal sense for the
mbtribea or diviflions of Clear Lake Indians > including
of Upper Lake a^d Blue Lakes:
Dan-no'«>hah bah^. ..Clover Creek region east and northeast of
Upper Lake. Commonly called Dan^no^kah and
usually stretched to include^Ho-'al^lek.
Ho^al'^lek > .» ^ ^ . Middle Creek region, north of Upper Lake.
■j
She-kuBKbahsS . . . Jast aide of Clear Lake from southern part of
Upper lake to Floyd Hill. Commonly called
She-kiutt.
Bo-al»ka~ah - . . Northern part of Scott Valley, i»est of Upper Lake.
Name usually stretched to coyerxYe-mah-bah^*
Yfl-mah-bah^j^, _ Southern part of Scott Valley— west of Clear Lake.
Ki~YOW-bah^ Tule Lake and Blue Lakes region (language
leans toward that of Potter Valley Porno).
Koo-lan~na-po , .
.Vestem part of Big Valley, south of main body of
Clear Lake.
Eflh=bfi_Jiap^ Eastern part of Big Valley and Soda Bay.
^0j\fS^^ Uii
T1k\35W 0^ CI^R I^KE INDIANS. INCLpING UPPER UKE REGION
The name Hah^nahUah^(or Han-na-bah^:^ ) is used by the potter
Valley and Russian River Porno as a blanket name for the several
tribes inhabiting Clear Lake and Upper Lake, and has come to be
accepted by these tribes as a permissible collective name for
themselves. These tribes are:
D8n--noj-kah and closely related Ho^al'^lek of the region immediately
north of Upper lake.
She~kiim of the east side of the main body of Clear I«ke.
Bo-al-ka-ah of 3cott Valley and the west side of Clear Lake north of
Lakeport, including the Ye--inah~hah9)^ of the south part of Scott
Valley.
f^c/i/^o-f* 4*^
«4
Ct^ Ki.ovy-bah= of the valley of Blue Lakes and Batchelor Valley, extending
southeasterly to Tule Lake (now dry7\ "a^-^VvtUr U)uu u V>v- o^ ; jcfca
Koo»lan-na-po. —Western part of Big Valley, south of main body of
Clear Lake.
Hab-be napipo.— Eastern part of Big Valley and Soda Bay.—
S^
i-^ *
V.
THB 'KU-LAN-NAP-PO
The *Ku-lan-nap-po ( or 'Koo-lan-nap'-po) are a Clear lake Pomo
tribe inhabiting Big Valley and adjacent region south and south-
west of the main body of Clear Lake. On the west shore of the
lake they extend northward to a little above Lakeport, and south
of the lake reach easterly to include Soda Bay. It should be
stated however that the eastern part of this territory belongs to
a related band, the ^HaV-*be-nap-po , here treated as a subdivsion
but by some writers regarded as of coordinate value with the
Ku'^'-lan-nap-po .
The 'Ku-laU'-nap-po territory extends westerly to the summit of
the Miyakana Range from a point near Glen alpine, southerly to or
near the northern boundary of Sonoma County. On the east neither the
^Ku^lan^^nap'-po nor the ^HaV-^be-nap-po (if these are to be treated
separately) reached the shores of Lower Lake, for Lower Lake belongs
to the Hamifo (or Koi^-^em-fo) tribe*
The territory of the ^Ku-lan->nap-po abutted against that of five
. r
! i
tribes, four of which, like themselves, were Pomoan, the fifth
Yukean. On the west, along the suinmit of the Miyakma Eange,
they were in contact with the Dan^nol'-yo keah of the Pieta-Echo
region and the Sho^-ko^-ah of the Hopland region; on the north
with the Bo-^al-ka-^ah of Scott Valley; on the east (considering
]
the Hab^->l)e--nap^po as a division of the ^Ku^lan-^nap^^pp ) with the
Ham-fo of Lower Lake.
M^-J'.
Included in the territory of
I IMi^v
ICu-lan-nap-po are the
towns of Lakeport and Kelseyville and the medicinal springs known
as Bynum, Glenalpine, and Highland Springs.
•VI-
THB *KUiLAN-NAP-PO
The Ku^lan-nay-ipD (or^Koo-lan*nap-po) are a Clear lake Pomo
tribe inhabiting Big Valley and adjacent region south and south-
west of the main body of Clear Lake. On the west shore of the
Ifike they extend northward to a little above Lakeport* and south
of the lake reach easterly to inolude Soda Bay. It should be
stated however that the eastern part of this territory belongs to
a related band, the ^HaV-be-^nap^-po , here treated as a subdivsion
but by some writers regr rded as of coordinate value with the
^Ku^'-lan^^nap^po^
The W-lan-nap^'-po territory extends westerly to the summit of
the Hiyakma Bange from a point near Gle^^n a lupine ^ southerly to or
near the northern boundary of Sonoma County. On the east neither the
Ku'-lan-nap*po nor the ^HaV-be-nep^po (if these are to be treated
7i/../
separately) reached the shores of Lo\ver Laket for Lower Lake belongs
to the ^HsTn^fo (or Koi'-^em-fo) tribe.
The territory of the ^Ku-lan->naiApo abutted against that of five
■^ ^i»../
Kuilan--nap>po--2
tribes* four of which, like themselves, were Pomoan, the fifth
Yukean. On the west, along the sunmit of the Hiyakma Range,
they were in contact with the Dan>nol'->yo ke'ah of the Pieta-Echo
region and the Sho-ko^ah of the Hopland region; on the north
with the Bo->al'-ka-ah of Scott Valley; on the east (considering
the 'HaV-be-nap^po as a division of the 'Ku^lan->nap'^pQ ) with the
^Hem^^fo of Lower Lake.
Included in the territory of the 'Ku-lan-nap-po are the
towns of Lakeport and Kelseyville and the medicinsl springs known
as BynuM, Glenalpine, and Highland Springs.
1. Mi! \
^Ll.■
♦•■«.
COA-
dsjf'
. " >
7*
M'
NAMES USED BY THE K&-LAN-NAiPO OP BIG VALLEY
ON 01F.au lake for NEIGHBORING TRIBES AND RANCHERIAS
*
Ko-lan-na^po . --The i r name^or their own tribe, which
occupied the west side of Big Valley from Adobe
Creek around the southwestern comer of Clear Lake,
reaching northward to and a short distance "beyond
the present town of Lakeport.
The principal rancheria, called Kah-tot. was on
'Ko-lan-na-po names-2
the spot now occupied by the reservation rancher:
Hah-ba-nap>>>po . -'^A closely related Uribe'^ occupying
m jLbW^ cu^je^, ou-^^»^ oi li-
the narrow area between^KBlseyx^reek.
The rancheria of same name was on Kelsey Creek,
about half a mile south of Clear Lake. Another ran-
cheria, called Be-dum^ffie**we-nah > was near Kelsejrville.
Ye'^mah.— A related tribe north of Lakeport, holding
the western shore of Clear Lake from just nortB^of
Lakeport to the Narrows at Kah-bel'. [Called Yg^mah-
bah^ by themselves and best treated as southern
division of the Bo*ali-keah, or Scott Talley tribe, ci^^ ]
Lim^mahk-mah . —The Lower Lake tribe, occupying the
whole of both sides of Lower Lake and East Bay (other-
wise known as Sulphurbank Arm), including Buckingham
Point and all the islands in both Lower Lake and
East Bay. Un the northwest they reached westerly
% >
r
to the eastern part of Soda Bay. Their principal
rancheria was Lim^mahk-mah bah-dun on Bull Island.
[This tribe, whose language differs radically from
that of the other Clear Lake tribes, has two general
names for its own people— Hamifo and Oo-tim~fo.]
Howikoo-mah. —Sulphurbank division of Lower Lake tribe,
claiming both sides of East Bay, with principal
rancheria formerly on El-lem Island.
Lil'«lak.-~A small^band and rancheria at mouth of Cold
Creek, reaching easterly to Mount Konokti, and
westerly to Kelsey Creek. Their rancheria was called
Dan-^no-vo . Their language was the same as that of
the LoUo-noUah of Middletown region [closely related
to the Ynkean Mivakmal.
% •
RAUES USSD BI TUS KO-Liffl^l-H) OF BIG TALLSI OH
lUHCUBBIAS
/_«(
Ko-lan-na-po — Thai r nane for their o«n tribe, whioh
occiq)ied the west side of Big Talley frcm Adobe
Creek around the southwestern comer of Clear Lake,
reaching northward to and a short distance beyond
the present town of Lakeport.
The principal rancheria, called Kah^tSt', was on
the spot now occupied by the resenration rancheria.
nan-Da-nap«'po . -.-/> closely related 'tribe* occupying
the narrow area between Kelsey Creek and Adobe Creek.
The rancheria of sarae name was on Kelsey Creek,
about half a mile south of Clear Lake « inother ran*-
cheria, called Be-duniae«.we«»nah . was near Kelseyrille.
YoHnah.— A related tribe north of Lakeport, holding
the western stere of Clear Lake from just north of
Lakeport to the Narrows at Kih^tbel'. [Called Ye«.iaah-
bah^ by themselves and best treated as southern
division of the Bo.al-keah, or Scott Valley tribes, ]
Liminahk-mah. — The Lower Lake tribe, occupying the
\vhole of both sides of Lower Leke and Bast Bay (other-
wise known as Sulphurbank Ana), including Buckingham
Point and all the islands in both Lower Lake and
3ast Bay. On the northwest they reached westerly
Ko-lan-na-po rames-2
« «
to the eastern part of Soda Bay. Their principal
rancheria was Lia^^nahk^ah bah-dmi on Bull Island.
Dfhis tribe, whose language differs radically from
ttiat of the other Clear Lake tribes, has two general
names for its ovm people — Ham^fo and Oo-tim-fo.1
How-koo-mah- — Sulphurbank division of Lower Lake tribe,
claiming both sides of Bast Bay, with principal
formerly on Sl-lem Island.
i/ ••_
Lil»lak. — A small band and rancheria at mouth of Cold
Creek, reaching easterly to Mount Konokti, and
westerly to Kelsey Creek. Their rancheria was called
Dan-noiyo. Their language was the sarae as that of
the Lo-ko-no^i^Bah of Middletown region [closely releted
to the Yukean Livakmal.
/ ^9
RAttlS U31D BY THE KO-UH«NA-PO OP BIG 7ALIJSI CH
CL2/.E \LVl .it)R NKIGHBORIHG TBIBSS AND EANCHEMAS
/ ^/
Ko^laiKne-po> — Their iuhm for their omi tribe» which
occt]^ied the west eide of Big Velley frm Adobe
Creek around the eouthwestem comer of Clear LakOt
reaching northward to and a short distance beyond
tho present toim of Lakeport*
The principol nncheria, called Kah^tSt"! we on
the spot now occupied by the reeervaticn rancheria^
»VUk-
Hah"ba~nn p-po . -*A oloselj relsted 'tribe' ocoapying
the narrow area betvraen Kelsoy Creek and Adobe Creek,
The rmicheria of eame najm was on Keleey Creek «
about half a mile south of Cleax-Lake* Another ran-
cheriat Cf)lled Be-^dum^me^we^nah > was near Kelseyville*
Ifi^d^. — k related tribe north of Lakeportt holding
the western shore of Clear Lake froa just north of
Lakeport to the Harrows at Kah-bell [Called Ye-aah^
bph9y by themselves mid best tri'^ted as southern
division of the Eo-al^keah, or Scott Talley tribes* ]
LiR^mahkimx^h. — The Lower Lake tribe, occupying the
^hole of both sidns of Lower Luke and East Bey (other-
wise krown as oulphurbank /inii)t ir eluding Buckingham
Point and nil the islands in both Loiver Lake and
Tast Bay* On tho fK)rthwest they reached westerly
Ko-lan-na-po ranes-S
to the eastern part of Soda Bay* Their principal
rancheria was Li«HaahkHaah bah-dun on Bull Island*
Cfhis tribe* #10 se limguage differs radically from
that of ttie other Clear Lake tribes, has two general
names for its o^m people— Ham^fo and Oo-tim-fo^]
How-koo-^h* — 3ulphnrb«rit division of Lower Lake tribe*
cl£ lifting both sides of East Bay, ^ith principal
rancheria formerly on 31-lem Island*
Lil^lik* — A small band ai»l ranchsria at south of Cold
Creek* reaching easterly to Mount Konokti, and
westerly to Kelsey Creek* Their rancheria was called
Ban-no^yo> Their Ifinguage was the same as that of
the Ii)-)go-no^-ttah of Middle to^d region [closely relfited
to the Yukean lliyakmaj^
CLEAR UKE ISLANDS
Upper Lake lalanda:
Sulphurbank or East Bay lelanda:
Ellem^.the big island at east end.
CheW-dot, small island in Stubbs Slou^Qiear Sulphur- ?\
Buk-kok-kah-lin-dot, Snail buckeye island eatsISM haad
--—-------———"— of Sulphurbank Bay,
Se-lon, small tule island off Long Point.
u-
iower Lake Islands;
«
Kom-d5t ma-don (Kahm-dot) BujtWlvi.cWoL.\>!s.lA,-
mmmmi^i^m^mmm^i^mmmmmmmmmmmm^ ■!■■■■■■ ■ ■ ■ \ M
Kel-le (or Kil'-le) ma-don, Craig Island. off end of
■ ■ ' ' Sulphurbank Point •
Koi^-e ma-don, Indian Islaiid^>viiiK^.a.«Axt^ t^»£ W--*^UJ^
Doo-at-sow
^^^ 9oC^ ajL a*--9 -^ Yo .
Xa, Slater Island ("li miles above bridge"?). »eeH?-Qak
CL^AR LAKiS I^UNJS
Upper Lake lalande:
dulphurbank or .^ilast Bay Islands:
■^11 ^n the big island at east end*
f 2-
Che-^aMot, s imll ialnna in 3tubbs i
Buk>>kok-kah^lin-dott oraall buckeye islina eafcitom head
''~~"'*~~~*'~~~~*" of oulphurbank uay«
oe-lon^ ^niall tule ial md off Long Points
Lower Lake Islands;
Kora-dot ma-don (Kahia-dot) T - "Bw^ ^ X <i .^. 1 •
IWIII 111 II 111 llllllllll I II ■! IIMl IM ■<! r - . W ^ ^^ "^ ^
/ *
Kel-le (or Kil-le) laa-don, Craig lalarni off end of
— —^ ^iul^hurbank r^oint.
Kol-^ n"v"d5n. Indian Island,
iU-oct-iJL
■\
,V a tc
Aw .
Doo«at-apy ^ \,c\>Hzt^ l^^wx^X^. C<e;'-tU^^ Yo .
Xa.
olater Island (*li milea above bridge"?)
Point and between Koi-e and Yo*
Near Oa.k
J
v'
4*V*-JU,-'K« *-;»
LH^
♦in-
^t^ W^Aa.-lvJL|v~os^ ^ . ' ^. Oin^i. .T:'^ . -|^^>^^~£^Bx;d:L^
-\ja-?.jLXcxJL-» ^~^»CX.-# "-^ 'XXT Osjv*o«^ Ua-S^*^ •>v>A,Ii._^ ( oi^ J_ H-**v^
Ark.— >-A>«Ok«J^
4.a»4i=']
5^^
ru.
U.
,N«-<APv*-«-e\
f
.v^^ Aro,^^ S^\f U*i»|^iiixA^^-^
<^-^ »L)Wv^
(;iv»~ U^
i
--Wqc--
Q-^^^^^k^L^UU^^x^j^ WmI^JU^. /consul
ku.wj
s--^:^ Wsuirr^l^; V— ^_[-^
VJlJl^^ dUi^jyc^r
fVsS^
-p-ii^-c\ f4^^'vv-0\ ^Jlv,^^
*eiv
K(Xb
Cljbw*
U3L- U^ a^^^/i:^n^ JRS^JL^ ^M«,:^(0.^..:^;^>vM.^'^^
S^^"^^ K-O^.
»f m4^^ U^^i*.^^^^, ^. ^. ^ s^c.^ja^..a^s^.s.f imJ^.^H-^.
<^Xj<iLxXSt^*sj^
i--
SJ^^^ju:t^iLfi.^
ir
a^ V.AA-^
aotw.. -
ov
ytaHJtt
5;;^
^=-V^^ i...oo^
Tc^'-V^^
"^oL-VlK-Kaltl^ IjoJ^^lxl
^
yuo^
\
o
;;^ \j,^'^'*^*VT*'^
,>t^o cl,'UM:-t
</jL«,
■*jt,^
Lt-i-*-*-^—
•V
\
"'^-iSS^l
.^^r»— - -V"JU^ ^
i&tr^ WX-fti^r l^^^^'^ \%^(!y^^CKS^t)^^k~
K
€«.
l^
^^A^
f..
LJv-Va -[^UUZ^
^MSK>^
tseki.. .Campion ridge imnediately S of !■
east of its lonfluence with main stream,
p. 167, feb. 1908.
Fork Gijalala River, 2 m
-Barrett .Ethno-Geog.Pomo
/
We-cha4V..Bo^aJi nwne for their very l*ge permanent village on
Ld^«; «i?-°?^^ ?^^e^^\^ Riv^.-1l? tSe Kan-Sllh aS%eco^
flLL^i^^r'v' ^'■'^^d y^-^^!-^ */ll ^^^^ *o ^« transferred
irom bo-^h to Kan-no-ah territory!
Sjnohomy; i L
Iwftcall . .Barrett, Ethno-Oeo^. fPomo, 157, 1908.
'■^*»-v.
U i ^ ( Ix
Wo
u^uM"' 'I " ' *" 'TTMii mmita
kA-e_
ififla, t- Ki J-yuk- ky an-mung- ah j } . .
>n'Beclwoodi Creek in Bald Hill8»—
ik (St Gomer Section 26 » Township
Ooddaind 1914%
|;ilkufc vIlL^ige in Bald Hills about a
1 Lyons*! ranch house (j^ Bide Section
Ran^la Je*-- Goddard 1914»
itaMirtj. . .See Ke^-nah-ht;ui-tah-'ten
:a;w
ah
*
fro-
If^^^^ut^^-^rik-l <SL -
\<
r
*
pGRAPHIC OR PLACE NAMES
^^^.40^
Mm::3:iit-M.-t.k«.!*>:.-.S-
^skJL.......
' l!i&jLj!H:...<l!t..t.sfcl
::.ySJL..
S^.Vr.'5^k'r..!]!!V.^l!
^ ' ^ ^MiLAA^ fco.-^fe..:iv^-:^^
^D-Ojs^^ ^-k.v'A^
y-^
•* ■••
TH2 SHS-KUM-BAH^
'_ x-.-is;'* -'.- A Clear lake Pomo tribe on east side of main body
of Clear Lake from a little north of Upper Lake Narrows southeast-
erly to Ployd Hill (at southeastern extremity of Clear Lake proper),
and ree#li^g northeasterly in the mountains to High Grade and
Bartlett Mountain*
ch
Villages of the She'-^kiam-bahii
She-kom.— At Morrison Landing on east side of Clear Lake.
kool , __ «. ,
Kah-kuhr kah~la we-shal.— On east side of Narrows among Blue Oaks
Name from Kah-kool. the Blue Oak, and Kal-le . tree.
Se°i^-ah-go . —Summer hunting and fishing camp on mainland east of
Bloody Island (Bah-doonbeh-tin),
7^ Uv -I^Jllvtf.
c
■^
a:*i!
f ^-<?^-X-^xj»-iAl)^
f^fi)
r \
X
9
Vcj^a^ Ut
r-
Na -po-she 1 . — Pres ent rancheria on purchased land li mile south of
Upperlake village (on west side of road-, in Dan-no-kah territory).
Dan-nub'-be-dowi— Small rancheria on east side of road opposite (east
of) Na-p7-.'shel. and like it in Dan-no-kah territory.
t
THE SHB-KUM-BAHt^
l^^^-l^- A Clear Lake Porno tribe on east side of main body
of Cleaij Sake from a little north of Upper Lake Narrows southeast^
erly td^floyd Hill (at southeastern extremity of Clear Lake proper),
end ret'c^ing northeasterly in the mountains to High Grade and
'.»>»t
.- ■■' »-■
/.
ch
•;
Villsges of the She-kua-hah =
i^^^.-At Morrison Landing on east side of Clear I«ke.
KahiuSl'k.ah^JLe-^'.--On -St Side of Narrows aMong Blue Oaks
Niii^froa Kah-kool. the Blue Oak, and Kal-le.. tree,
Se^lah-go_.-Suinmer hunting and fishing oamp on mainland east of
filAn.^y Tfllfln(i.(Bah-doon bgh-tin).
// .'vi
Na-po'.shel.-Pre8ent rancheria on purchased land li mile> south of
Upperlake village (on west side of road in Dan>no'-kah territory).
D«n-nub.be-dow: -Small rarcheria on east side of road opposite (east
of) Na-po-shel, and like it in Dan-no~kah territory.
/^^
% •
TEE BO-AiJ-KA-AH
/ 1_-
The Bo«al-ka-ah or Scott Valley tribe belongs to the Clear Lake
division of the Porno > Their territory extends from a short distance
above the mouth of Scott Creek, just south of Laurel Dell> southerly
to a point immediately west of Glenalpine, and from the suimit of
the Miyakma Bange on the west, easterly to the west shore of Clear
Lake.
Their territory contracted markedly toward the east^i^
they were allowed only 3 or 4 miles of shore, the Dan-no^kah hold-
ing the west side of Upper Lake and pushing southerly a mile or so
south of KaJbel at. the Narrows, while the ^Ku-lan-nap-po followed
the lake shore northerly'^'about a mile beyond Lakeport*
4
Two divisions were recognized: the Bo-^al-ka-ah proper of the
main pf^rt of Scott Valley, and the Ye-mah'-bah^ of the southern
and more hilly part of Scott Valley west end southwest of Lakeport*
The Bo-al^-ka^ah were in contact with seven other Pomoan tribes*
On the west, on the far side of the Miyakma Mountains, with the
Yo-ki-ah of Yukiah Valley; the She-a-ko of Largo Valley; and the
Sho-ko-ah of Hopland Valley; on the northwest for a short distance
r
Bo-al-ka-ah~2
with the Mah-too'-go of Cold Creek Valley; on the north with the
Ki'-yow^bah^li of the valley of Blue and Tule Lakes; on the northeast
0
with the southern tongue of the Upper Lake Dan>no-kah ; on the south-
east with the *Ku-lan-nap-po of the Big Valley region*
Rancherias of the Bo-al-ka-ah.
TUS BO-AlAKA-iUl
/ - ^
The Bo-al'-ka-eh or Scott Valley tribe belong to the Clear Lake
division of the Pomo. Their territory extends from a short distance
above the mouth of Scott Creek just south of Laurel Dell, southerly
to a point immediately west of Glenalpine, and from the sumnit of
the Miyakma Range on the west, easterly to the west shore of Clear
Lake. But their territory contrncted markedly toward the east and
they were allowed only 3 or 4 miles of shore, the Dan^no'^'-kah hold-
ing the west side of Upper Lake and pushing southerly a mile or so
south of Ka-bel at the Narrows, while the Ku-lan-nap^po followed
the lake shore northerly about a mile beyond Lakeport*
Two divisions were recognized: the Bo-al-ka-ah proper of the
\ V \ \
^//y,
main prrt of Scott Valley, and the Ye^mah^-bah^ of the southern
and more hilly part of Scott Valley west Bui southwest of Lakeport*
/ * -
The Bo-al-ka-ah were in contact with seven other Pomoan tribes.
On the west, on the far side of the Miyakma Mountains, with the
Yo-ki'-ah of Tukiah Yalley; the She-a-ko of Largo Valley; and the
I
Sho-*ko^ah of Hopland Valley; on the northwest for a short distance
/ 1 •
Bo-al-ka-ah~2
with the Mah-too-fio of Cold Creek Valley; on the north '«rith the
Ki->yow-bahQ& of the valley of Blue and Tule Lakes; on the northeast
with the 5?outhem tongue of the Upper Lfike Dan-no<»kah ; on the south-
east with the ^Ku-lan-nap-po of the Big Valley region.
c%^
/ 1 -
Eancheria? of thr^ Bo-sl-ka-eh.
Hab-be nap>po: Clear Lake tribe occupying east-
em part of Big Valley, inmediately east of th(
Koo-lan nap^-po and between Adobe Creek and
Cold Creek. Rancheria of same name on Kelsey
Creek, about half a mile south of Clear Lake.
Essentially same name used by thanselves and
neighborir^ triTs^es,
Another rancheria, called B e^ dum'-me- we- nah
was near Kelseyville. — ci4tA^
c
s.^
Hab^-be nap^po: Clear Lake tribe occupying east-
em part of Big Valley, immediately east of thi|
Koo-lnn nap^^po and between Adobe Creek and
Cold Creek. Rb.ncheria of some nan» on ^elaey
Creek, about half a mile south of Clear Lake*
Essentially same name used by themselves and
neit^hborir^^ tribes.
Another rancheria, called Be^dum-me-we-nah
was near Kelseyville.-— ctt^.^
M
/ ^CC I Or 35
Porno - Uamto
or
uou>er t-aV^ 0\v)\s\bri
X
^<i/'^
y»»:
• ^
"^amIpo tribe
im-fo
Tribe. Territory comprised the whole of Lower Lake and Sulphur- •
bank Arm (Bast Bay) with included islands, the adjacent mainland,
reaching north to include Mt. 'Ko^kti, Buckirgham Point and the
southeast half of floyd Hill; east to High Valley, and the divide
between the southeastern part of Lower Lake and North Pork Cache
Creek, thus including Bums Valleo; south to ♦iorthern limit of
• Too-le-Yo^me tribe (Lowerlake village); southeast to a hill 3
miles east of Lowerlake village (Hill called La^Oiflk by '^&^ ,
Al-i^ok ko-bft.jft by Tuleyome) .
This tribe, whose lar^age differs radically from that of the
other Clear Lake tribes, has two general names for its own people -
Ham^fo and Oom-t im-fo (scanetimes called Oo-t im-fo).
The HannfQ regard themselves as conpciiirg 3 bands accordii^
to the territory belonging to aaah of the 3 principal villages,
all of which were situated on islanis, as follow;
Koi- im-fo.
• •'
Band originally on Koi-e Island and' claiming
mainland on both sides of south end of Lower Lake; on the
west including the mountains extending from Mt. Konokti
south-southeasterly to Mt. Hamah; on the east reaching the
divide between North Pork Cache Creek and Lower Lake, and
Ham-fo Tribe 2
.* ,x
continuing southward to a hill 2i' miles east of Lowerlake
village (the hill called U-lish by the'Hamlfo. )
Kom-dot- im-fo. ..Band originally on Komdgt Island and claim-
ing the northern two-thirds of the west shore of Lower
Lake, including Buckingham Peninsula and the main body of
Mt. Konokti; also including Lor^ Point (Sulphurbank Point)
and, accordirg to E, W. Gifford, a strip on the north side
of the strait connecting Clear Lake with East Bay,
■strait
. This northern area is shown on Gifford 's map (p. y9)
as situated directly north of Buckingham Peninsula and
includes the southeast part of Floyd Hill with the bay im-
mediately on the east, and extends in the interior to the
High Valley divide.
El-lan-fo. . .Band originally on EllW Island at east end of
East Blay and claiming adjacent mainland on both sides ex-
cepting Long or Sulphurbank Point and the narrow northern
Floyd Hill strip, both of which belonged to Kfi^flt. — c*,^
J
/
\\m-?Q TRIBE
H?trv-fo or Oom-tim>fo (also pronounced Oo'^tim^'fo) . . •Lower Lake
Tribe. Territory comprised the whole of Lower Lake and Sulphur-
bank Arm (East Bay) with included islands ^^ the adjacent mainland ,
reaching north to include Mt* Kortokti^ Buokirr^ham Point and the
southeast half of Floyd Hill; east to High Valley, and the divide
between the southeastern part of Lower Lake and North Fork Cache
Creek, thus includine^. Burns Valley; south to ^rthern limit of
Too>>le-vQ^fne tribe (Lowerlake village); southeast to a hill 3
miles east of Lowerlake villa^ (hill called La>lish_by Hanvfo,
jM-lok ko*bo^je by Tuleycfee) .
ThiG tribe, whose laiy^ar^^e differs radically from that of the
other Clear Lake tribes, has two p;eneral namea for its own people
^Ham'^fo .ind Oom^tim-^fo (sometimes called Oo^'^tim->fo) >
The Ikn^fo regard themselves as comprising 3 bands according
to the territory belonging to eadi of the 3 principal villac^es,
all of which were situated on islands, as follow:
♦ •
Koi~ij>>fo. . .Land originally, on Kojle Island and olaiming
rrainland on both si den of aout.h end of Lower Lake; on the
west inclufiin/- the mountains ex^endia"; from Wt. K"onokti
south-aaitheaaterly to Mt. Hamah; on the eaat reaching the
divide between Korth Pork Cache Creek and Lower Lake, and
Hair.-fo Tritae 2
'\
continuing: southward to a hill iii miles east of Lowerlake
village (the hill called La^lish by the 'Harr^fo, )
/»-
Kom-dot in^ f o . .eBand ori^^inally on Knrndot Island and claim-
inf^ the northern two-thirds of the west shore of Lower
Lake, including; Buckin,n;harr; Peninsula and the main body of
Mt. ^onokti; also includinf^ Lo!>^ Point (Sulphur^Vink Point^tx^.Q
and, accordinr, to TL W. Oifford, a strip on the north side
of the strait connect inr; C]ecT Lake with Eaat Bay, ^^^hiti
Thiji northern area is slio'^n on Hifford'?! nap (p. 79)
as situated directly north of Buckia^^ham Peninsula and
includes the southeast part of Floyd Hill with the bay irr-
mediately on the east, and extends in the int.erior to the
High Valley divide.
El*'lern-fo> • .Band orif^inally on Ellem*^ Island ut oaat end of
East Bay and claimi;i,^ adjacent mainland on both sides ex-
cepting Lonf; or Sulphurbank Point and the narrow northern
Floyd Hill strip, both of which belonged to Kordot.-- ci^pi\^
i t
CVeocv Uol-VlC-
<^i^/v.
TRIBES AND SUBTRIBIS ON LOVtBR LAKE AND BAST BAY
CcomiBonly called Sulphur Bank Ann>
The Indians of Lower Lake and Sulphur Bank call thamselTes
collectively ^Ham^fo (Water People) and sometimes also 6m^tim^-fO;
they are called Kow^oo-nah by the Russian River Porno.
Their language differs notably from that of the tribes about
Clear Lake and Upper Lake, known collectively as Hah-^nah'-bah = .
The Lower Lake and Sulphur Bank Indians recognize among
themselves three divisions which they call tribes. These are:
lL=i
site of their principal village. They are called
How-goo-mi'^e-nah by the Yokiah Porno. The survivors now
live on the mainland at Sulphur Bank.
Kah->mah'»do'feJHria>f 0 . --Named from Kah-mah'>-dot Jsland on the west side
of the north end of Lower Lake near the east base of
Mount Konbkti; where they formerly lived.
Koi-im-fo. --Named from Koi-e Island at the south end of Lower Lake*
Most of the survivors now live on Cache Creek about a mile
below the point where it leaves Lower Lake.
lyf
Ham-fo
Hram-fo or Oo'-tim-fo [As told me by Tom
Johnson, member of tribe. ]
Lower Lake Pomo tribe. Included the whole
of Lower Lake and adjacent mainland.
Temtp.p-; Northwest to include Soda Bay
and to mouth of Kelsey Creek.
, , , Ms^ to include the whole of .
bulphur Bank Am (or East Bay) and
Hidi Valley (reaching westerly on north
side of East Bay to Floyd Hill): also
Borax Lake and hills East, and Bums
Val 1 ey .
South to near Tu'le-yome.
SQUth-annthwfla|^ t.r, HaT^T^ Mt. ,
including Thurston Lake, Warier Flat,
,^i©&-or and Adams Springs, Mt. SiegLer,
Mt. Hannah Glenbrook, and the big
mountain SS of Adams Spring (between
Adams and Harbin Springs).
„ , „ Ifi£i to include Konokti and
Soda Bay and the Valley of Cold Creek.
^
f'V/^-w^*-*-
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-oi-^
^^
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WfciWWXIWi II >ili>^^
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/C^norv ^ oift- a^
* J^--nr\
Crv^
if*
VfflUwJ-lo
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Hv^>^-V*» "'^
0o'-Vv>v^-^o ^OjL-itsJLlAva^^ Tov^5rt,v.v>-A«w,a-*^j.— V*sir^
£_^^^_^ ^*K^JU
^
-f^^^^
^^^
V^"* CZtesAi
(o^€»M^»^') A-X.VkNP-V^H*ftSl>g
\-*-iL^,
OlS^o-'^*'^'^
^Kl^a^*^
AjJ^^xyya. ■> _ (5Lugk.
A>-sP
KOL^S^^X^ M-^^^^ )
O^t'**-^^
COMF '
I am coming. . .
I shall come . . .
I have come . . .
Kill! (a man). .
Kill! (an animal)
I am killing.
I shall kill...
I have killed
I may kill . . .
He is killing.
will kill.
has killed.
may kill
You (singular) are killing
M
will kill..
'• ■•<■■•■ ■•■•«>••*#•»•»•■■»■■*••••••*■•••—
■••^•••••••■•••^••••••■••••••••i
•■••«••••••••• ■•••■•••••••••••••••■••••••••••••«*«*i
'•••••••••• ••■•••••••••••••I
•••••«•*••
•••••••••••^•««* ••••«•«
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mmi «
os:o '^
IJ. A.
^VA./N<X^»yV^ VA/v;;54rN^
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H~(xv^'
jO ' TjxaXx
^^
(^-^ ^•^-M^^j.^oJU.^
v^
i^osi-v.-^^
M'^'^"?, ^
5JliU^ ^oU^
n ^ T^-e^-«-t«^ ,
rrip'
A spot'
A si^ or i^ynibol
Amai-k.
A l/mdmark-
A nftai-ked tre^
A/markod rock'
cairn-
cross or crosjknark
'^O^^w^^
El-lem'
,J • Aug^stV) 23.1906//In the eastern part of^East Baylor Sulphur Bank
arm) is a large island with long axis north and Bouth^-crosswise
to the hay. This is EHem' Island, called by the whites^Rattlesnake
Island'. It was fomerly the home of the El::le^ branch of the
Hrarn-fg or Lake People, the living remncmt of whom now live on a
projecting point of the mainland directly opposite (^east of the
island) M^ )
m
J
There is
a rancheria at Sulphur Bank, opposite Ellem Is-
land v-vv/h ere the people of the Lake tribe (Hram-fo — water people) used
to live. Stopped there a few rrinutes and found the women drying
Yerba Santa (Eriodiction glutineS^) for medicine. cMa^^,^^ ( 7>
'\V.OL>v
V
August 23,1906. Just south of Buckinfcham point and facing East
Bay (in Clear Lake) is a picturesque island having a large well
rounded yellow-grass hill dotted with handsome oaks and fringed in
places with willows and tules. This is now called Buckingham Island
but its real name
to live on it,
-dotMn the language of the tribe which used
South-^ast of Kom-mali-dot, on the opposite(east) side, off
\ I.I
the end of Sulphur^ank Point, is a low tule island or series of
islands with a few scattered drooping valley oaks on the solid
ground. This is now called Craig's Island. Its Indian name is
Kel-le.
(88)
August 25-Toll House between Calistoga and Middletov/n on Mt. Helena.
We stopped an hour or more at the Toll House to rest the horses
and visit with old Dan Patten and his wife. Vfliile there 2 wagon
loads of Indians from Sulphur Bank on Clear Lake passed on their way
to the Calistoga side to pick fruit, and when we descended we passed
their camp at the west base of the mountain and found with them a
tpkct'J**'* ^-^^l
family fr^^tah' Creek east of Middletown/JOayota Valley) (98
\f
^$,/«,ldk: ^ (fiu-^j^-^u. d^t-
/
\
^■^--Ofex^ (K*-(jJUX>ij
{/
kp
"UJUn^
(In
■M.ntmm tm ■■*■[
^jLOK^.^;:^ , Kvvo (r\*xi
' ~'^^''''>'*^'^*'Wk«iMfB%4|^^
-^"""TfT <»fcf
■\B>«-X^ u^^ ^^^**~
'' /<-«--oidcC s - - ko-'woK'it-k*v*
■ ^ I 'n I i» <■* ♦^
I . nil |iiig^i«^«r« iiiM'
Ker-KM
/■ . ■'■■■•
'^«>IWl."-i,tJig»»HI.MI'».<Ua«iw^^-
>*-
^<i<>lili tiy •i»'*M'ii'H 1^' 'HlWIi*" I ■iiiyn>l|^W«yiW^jW
Wplllfgtol Ml
t^Lfl^gldt^Jfy-^lkit^t*-^ ' e
—I i^^fc^i^^tW^^ Xii ■■!. __ bW^— '^ • I .— Ill"" — >iii li** '"^--^ 13^-— "**■"" - .-...----■^^Ai.^w^wwj*^
^
^Vec3L,v Uo^W^
VAo/wr^
TRIBES AND 3UBTHIBE3 ON LOVKR LAKE AND BAST BAY
(cofT^monly called Sulphur Bank Arm)
The Indians of Lower Lake and Sulphur Bank call themselves
collectively ^Ham-fo (Water People) and sometimes also Om^tim^-fo;
they «re called Kow^oo^-nah by the Russian River Pomo.
.Their language differs notably from that of the tribes about
Clenr Lake and Upper Lake, known collectively as Ilah-reh->bah^ .
The Lower Lake and Sulphur Bank Indians recognize among
themselves three divisions which they call tribes. These are:
El-lem^fo. — Named from ^1-lem' Island at ea^t end of Ea^'t Bay, the
site of their principal village. They are called
How'-'noo-^mi'-e'-neh by the Yokiah Pomo. The survivors now
live on the mainland at ^ul;;hur Bank.
Kgh-mah-do->tin-fo.--Mamed from Kah*-mah*>d6t Island on the west side
. of thenorth end of Lo^?ver L^^ke near the ea?t base of
Mount Konbkti> where they formerly lived.
Koi^'im-^fo. — Named from Koi-e Island at the south end of lower Lake.
Most of the survivors now live on Cache Creek about a mile
below the point whore it leaves Lover Lake.
ISLANDS IN LOWER LAKE (WELL SOUTH ON WEST SIDE)
^oi-e (indiHn Id.) formerly bif^ ranoheria here.
KaiTBi-dot, Hom-dot. . Off buckinr>un Point.
Yo, near Oak Point, fcrrnerly ranoheria here.
Che-air.-dot. . .in marah Stubbs Slou^. (?)
Kll-le mah-don. .
. ry small island between Kahm-dot a,njj rminland
(Craif- Id.) Off Sulphur Ft. i' ^' ^
Their name for therraelvea: lb<jn-fo (Meanin* water people
3 sub -tribes:
1. Kci-im-fo. Used to live on Koi-e Id. Now on Cache Creek about
c 1 ri, from Lower Lake
A.El-lem-fo. Used to live on El-lem Id. near Sulphur Bank. Now at
Sulphur Bonk.
3, «"ah-rm,h-dot-ten-fo. Osed to live on Kah-mah-dot Id. near Mt.
Kan-nak-ti.
These ?) bands speak the same lant^uase. They have no rela-
tives. Each band extended well back on the mainland and e^osh had
its own chief •
PLACE HMtES OP •HAM PO ON CLE«17 L'^ /ND I>OWEP L-^tTI
Indian Island (at south end of lake)« .^oi-ye island
^^oi-b na-don
Island tm^T Sulphir Bank (E side of lake) . El-lem ma-don
Islijtnd nearWt. Kan-nok-tl (west side of lake.
• Kah-rrah-dotl
(Kahm-dot)
Kom-dot
Kanokti or
Uncle Sam Mt. (W aide of lake). . Kan-nok-ti
Ko-naw-ka-ti
Kan*nok-tik-no (l^ay
be St. Helena
Loner Lake (south part of Clear Lake). . .Koi-e-hah
last Bay or Sulphur Bank kxm . . .El-lem-*
BuokinghaiD Point (peninsula W side Narrows). . ••K'aah-*hi
Sylphur Bank Point (pushii^, W on S side EeBay. . •K'auh-hi (R^mch-
eria rground on point. . . •Hah-les-sah-at or Ha-las-a-aht)
Craig Island (Off above point). . eKeHe m-don
Floyd Hall (N, Bi^ narrows on £• rriainland. . .Ta-e Xa-kno.
N. CHUMASH STOCK
u hi
0-^
^
l^i(>
.r
'^mm
C,VvuPNe».4W
/
/
\
/"
^^[^A-^Jk=, <M-3:_ ^/ A— i^ 6-t,li^
H
0^ tiLA^^U-"^ ObwiN
^
^^^ rfCUXXuLo^ (V, C^^.
stock
'%,
ekit'VKS^jAt
Hot to Arroyo lirande,
Barbara tribe: 4''J^^P* ^^kah-swah^
Here at Santa Inez: Ah-lah-pah' -lah--hoo*lap /^Lx^':''*^
Mattel's place: Ah-lah^-leHfi'an
$ miles south of here on other
of banta
Inez river: Kah ^ -1 ah ' ->wah-8hak '
(Santa Inez river— sta-hre)
5 miles other side)^: Soh>tQ*nok'-mo [.'^'UVjKJIUvv-sIov^^xj^
Santa Barbara tribe:
(?) couldn't understand]
Guadalupe (ours); name? -^ - --
Tribe this side of and at Lompoc: ki\^-^
(do not speak oar language)
J^Lots of Indians at Xos Olivos long ago."
Santa Inez Missio^: Ah-lah-T)0»lah' -po
"Me and mv brother, £rankj|atrada,are only old ptople
X ex X •
(<^U^.^>-A^
%.
..■rf ■'''■-'
m*» <miiiW*#gw*#«"'""W«'*^-
' 1 111 II I ri ' ^ , . .,. .
I
-t^-r, t, i^'WM'ai^wtvW*]*
/V^ -4-
SL^v- I ivVv rv'iio -Iq,
»iJ^ ^^ ^K
1 'Cbk' LkJ^ bo ^\e-k^t7ft
OMtaM<M4KWte> •Mr*-'
■"■'^•'"i'MlMMWMMMVWM^IMMWMaf*^
•~rii-— _^__^__MiTi~'^'*'**''**'^"**"^" I — — — -■ -' ■ II all _
T
iiiai ii—iini III .
f'^So'i V(5- Hole- t-vv^ §1"^ ^^^"^^ '^•^^
>,W«»wiU« Hi ■!*<>"■
a^..^i— wpB'Miiwii ir^nKMlH— i
irt#«MM»wW«M0«««MU^M'4V*'W«MlPW>:^<MHM1«PHNI
III II 11 I 'W*<
,1 I I III- "liiii I
N.*nili MiiMMI.Ii iMH Hr»
■ ■^ll«f»W»'*M«-**»W*^'
""»■><)>!'
fc»iW>»'<MiiiiwK>ii-<*-*
■■<iiww> ■iiifcwi wwi>*-.
jfc»tij I II S* - • - ' ■'■"^■^^-^
\tT
\>» »*i.tsifcL u^.g^<H»H<.'
C^^MV-s,
C/nAiLrvjLJL. f^fc-O-'^lA^'^^v^
L3-^-2JL-
7
a.tcentury ago. Vy fathi
or Humbold^^d hi
gi
it shelf ifri the home 1?
I rea^ several of these J
reflating to his travel
/
lAing th^ distribution o
<
and had been deeply i
of fundamental f^icts
)ower of temperature in
^h'ib^HJCr^l
H\A^o,(\' H6.<A i <»ve •- 1 a.r\ti OveGueno
so
/)€
^~% 3^^v.^UA
^■^ ♦•'^ -x
:„ u-f-^^ ^ l^!i*;3&-«*k'(-t>'-3'^''*^)
t. ^MCVwArw xVvVes *.
2..
V
A _ n. ^ <. /">
iX^jLxj>^^ LP-t5\r
V t
^^;> 'V>.
\
/Hi.
H.\
R<V
\xrvvMK
^U5U..xJo^
V,u.-clkwv
S^^ ^%C.<ib<X
Vvo-Va.-vckV^
I
*<Wt«lt»««MVMK«-
f.
^,u:v&^x.o ^ aui^ 'te^^-^^-^^^^
&K
5. CLoL.Wvv:aLo^(x..^foJ^^)^^v.^H^
\CaK'Vm€-^>-W
H.
^.vv^^^
KAM^i'TSHRITOBI, HAHCH8HIA3. AND HilGHBOBIRO TRIBS3
{from infomsti n froa old Chief Bsrtolo ?ri«te
of MansaBita Ba««rv8tion, situated on the ooat
slope in BOtttbeastern oan Di^o Ceonty. )
Friete tells m that he was bom on the loser California
(HexiosB) side of the line, and sas a Beaber of the Bah^J'»haVu>y^i ,
as thejr called thenselYes (called by the laui-l'. A«.^^j^^rff-»||hfc') ,
~ f
bttt Prieto has lived for bbbj jrears at the rancheria
w lansaiiita Beservation, and speaks both languages, aany aords
of shidi are cleselj slailan if not idsntical. In sobs oases it
is Bot oortain
the sords given bj his are in the
', The tribal nane Ka»l«e«.i he pronounces erect-
ly as do the ffmi ■!! T' thMselTos. The Spanish name for this
tribe usually girw. as Diegeno he invariably pronounces
►-• _»
or
-f «i -
.1
Terri torv and BannAA ri as of tU Kamlma-^
The country of the KmiLwi-i extends easterly froa the
coast of Soiitheni California over the Cqyasioca Mountains to
<
and out upon the Colorado Desert as far as New Hiver and Blue
Retake of Preceding Frame
n
KAmUs-i'tSHRITOBI. RA8CHKHIA3. ASD HSIGHBORIHO TRIB83
(?»■ infonnti< n tram old Chief Skrtolo Pri«te
of Mamaidta Beservation, f^itttsted on the east
elope ia ecutheasteni 3aii Diego Coimty. )
Frieto tells m that he was born on the lower Califemia
(Vexioaa) side of the line, and aae a aeaber of the Ifah^haVwy^ .
88 thej called themelvea (called by the latM-X'. A^ehatLkc-iihtf ^ ,
but Frieto haa lived for aany /eara at the ranohoria
. I
iskah-i^
o& Hansaiiita BeeervatioD. and speaks both languages, aaiij nords
of which are closely slailar. If not identical. In soae oases it
is not certain whether the words glTon bj hin are in the KMwLmmJf'
p The tribal nmse Ka»le»->i he pronoonces exact-
Ij as do the Km m T thMselTos. The Spanish aane for this
triVe Qsuallj given as Diegono he invariablj pronounces
JYelgelao* or *Ye^|^IjM'-
Torritorv nnd BQTin.^flri>»« of tha K»inLn,»,j'
The cotmtrj of the Jia4*fisi ' extoiuis easterly from the
coast of Sottthem California orer the dqraaaca Honntains to
and oat upon the Colorado Deser: as far as New River and Bine
^
M^W^^iWmMPHnPIMPHMifNPMMAmp*
8
nucbmies mn in tii« aovitoiiis aad foothlUs, sot eat oi
tfew dMmrl pxoper* 1h^ Tititiid the dM«rt at emrtaia SMtoat
to oiltivat* eoni« atlMt* aad otlMr eropa. tait •• ladiaBa
•far livad paxMBantlj at aitliar ionBtaia d^riag or Csfata
OLruL-
iall8« botli of vhioli aart aartlj aatar-balaa aaad ahea tmraHi^*
Thair aaatafBMat rUlagaa appaar ta hava baaa at fmlm Sptiafi
(kUdk&fts^
-*«ot ta h9 oMfiuiad witb tha Pais Spti^ of tha
Kaaaali«-and Carriao Spriag ftMHWt!^). tetli aa tha old road
fraa San ?alipa .aad Tallaetto Spiii^ (Bali^iri)) ta tlia Ooloiada
Birar at Twa. Ttea, aa tha aaat their tanritofy adjaiaad
aad ahattad lyea that of ^ta Ahu ^^mmi thaj oall GMtafl*
aithottt tha praaaaoa of anj iatarvaaiiv triha« [Baaoa, the
toia Iftiaayi , waallj spaUad Qtmjiu «hioh baa beaa epplied
to ladiaaa of tho Ooloredo DMart, iq^paara to ba tha
Base for the Tmi'iMni T' 1
C<i,»v.„.^^
Iir^^-^>U S^^?^tl-VA^^->f^-'-^^<^^ J
i
"PMiiliWVP
l
«*A fa« ailea aaat of Ca|Hnoa*
Ulilhiiah nhut *t pt aear lagaaa*
UgidEl^*— iMr Piaa Talloy*
«
iilfflMmt^— *t ibfloao. oheat 4 allea aaot of TaUeoiti»
Mtaa^'^^^ ^BllmA%$ (proaoBBOod Blaeato)
At Falli ^ni% bataaea Yalleoito aad Carrioo Sprlag.
'-=* -»At Carriao ^prlag. (Saatanaoat vlUaga aad aaj sot
have baaa paiaamMit* )
a » - 4
kv,".\^fe *.
}l%mti^'mfA (Coiapipa) or loag Cai^yoa.
««At Mtfnaaita Beaarratiaa*
-^/
ftglBeia;«^t la foata*
.a^ a
<-^t ladiaa School aboat 8 ailea frca Oaapo,
Ihoat 4 ailea froa Cnpo»
— te the flat of Moraaa Talley.
At or Bear praaaat Mareaa Qui*
*
JbdfcxiIi»«~At or BMr Bmoubo.
2tikakmba^^H or BMr So^wb.
'&% or atar Onlrar*.
-•-* ■>
v,i
lilteli M9 bt MBsidmrad • Mr^wrd oMitiniBtiMi of tho Cajanaeo
l« • dioooljr rtlotod Iribo ooUo4 by tho ffmi'inin T' ^faft =— «;r»»
iir
•pd If ttitilfOo» fy«Ua.^i|^ Inolttdod is tteir torritozj
/'•; .?!
••■1
vittt tho naeiiorias of J«U«i, Tolooa. Santa Taabtl, Maoa GraBdo.
r
Tit-ii-yaV.
iMd tko 90*oal2od Diagwio of iWama/^aU^ Ihoir torritovy
•djaiftod tiiai of ^o JflliigaM tiM^Mot* the JJlBOaialiOB tiio
•ortli* tlio iiriaVtw (apforoBtlj a divialoa of tha lamk)
«l tte BorHiaaalt Urn liiiiiiiiiT ob tlia aostk*
IWiBdaiy r— !■■ •BdatomtoadjL^^'^*^^^^-^^?^^"-^''-^'
soatbaaaton
i
«.'
i-f
^ ,#•■• ■
!
Wflh%^.han-yo or A-whflh'-lro.wflhV'
SOBtk «f tiM bomidaxy b«l«o«ii California and Iomt
Gallfonda was aaethtr lrib« sp^kti^ • ralatwl diaUot*
fhis tribt thtt XaMftdL oall
.th ».:,»
f«r ^MKWlvm V88
bttvMii th« laftdttsLand Um
bat thtir aaat
Tht iaUrtribal bmmdarj
cV, . _>
i*yq C0iiioid«d epproK*
Saataljr «itli the iBtamational beandarjr, bat a loop oxtondod
BoHhoard to inelado Jacviba Valloy which eroasos tht intor-
aatiraal boondaTy, oo that tho
isdtt. OBtorod tho Stato
•f Califonda at thia point, and extended northeasterly as far as
Mountain Spring, where there was no permanent village.
^a-'Vvv.'-.VKi-r'
VoOJVwsl-
•
^ <.%<wCK^'' > >.«>Jl .1 >s ^ A
^X^k*\,
kwU'W^ ^
C^
vJljv-4^.^
l^-•..' -.-
■*--5^ -'^^^-^.J]??- ^^^•J^-*-'^-^^
-Wk.
fvJUCK,»k.M^j^
/Xs.^
H^4j.,li^iUz^
C^vXov,
KWitv- He's - ^wk-lc^k . a^ 7"X^ .tcA^A oJU-Sc
^i<»^*~^f-*-
'St. JLV
-^taasMMMrii^
s»v
Uw
- -^Ak^ (kL V^;>JlAv(;c\iJJ^ .
41
V-o-v,!.-
■\vs.t-L
.«... I. —I ^ffi ;,,
;u^
.^-J^^$if«us>3fcY cL^_::^ r__ u_
^^ fii— ^
^^^-il^-^^viJl
KJC/Wc^
Kl
5^- XaOnA^' -- \<0 -. VAK^xXW
c^Mr^(:»l-v^as-^^k^^vv,.^xKk ^:f*JU^
JUX,
<5^-t^ Ka,wv^.l'
T:>oio^ -^^^j^jcAv-
■W >* HI W!—W|M*i>1i—JfcW
■ilV' - ,: .'
1 m^[tm§m II nyi..»i>«...> .1^.
OjO^
<l llil'l ».)li
H III iip> iim' i[ <x«ii
■■ ' mutmlamtmm^tM
-»^-i ■ i^w w0mm
>„»>** <».CJ^v.«
•#?
T
am n mij . '
*y*—*
* i*.
THE DIEGMOS
The DiQgenos (so called by the Spaniards from San Diego, about
which they lived) had no general tribal name for themselves (as cover-
ing all who spoke essentially the same language). They had, however,
several names for divisions or sub-tribeB, and also names for the
"leading old families"— nidiich appear to be gentes.
The trilje as a litiole reached from the coast easterly to
Algadon, near Yuma; and from San Luis River south into Lower California
Following are the names and locations of the subtribes I was
able to obtain ^en driving hastily through the region in October, 1907:
/ '
Ellh -kah-t
i..At Manzanita, Little Manzanita, La Posta, and Weahpipa
rancherias.LWe-ah-pi-p&= leaning rock. It was formerly
Wir-kwah-pip^
jt*^.
• In-ke -pah.... Lived east and south^of Campo. Jacunfca id^their country.
If I understand correctly the In^ke-pah sub tribe rangea
easterly to Algodon.
• Kam-me-i (whose ancient name appears to have been El-kwal-kamnne-i).
Occupied the coast of southern California about San
Diego. Afterwards, when driven away, moved mainly to San
Pasqual and Capitan Grande. One or iwo families now
live at Mesa Grande. Rosalie Najo^Ms a Kam-me-i.
Wah-koo-wahlv (or A-\vhaji-kah-^?ah*^). On Mexican side of Interaational
uoundary, extending about ten miles south of the boundary,
including San Jose, and north to include Campo (now— not
formerly!.
and other northern rancherias.
The Diegenos
The term Al-go-don is used by the Diegenos as a place name for ^k
i«4iite sand hills, a place a few miles west of Yuma, which was the
easternmost limit of their territory; beyond this were the Yuma.
2»af/S^i*^^^^ a Spanish nans meaning cotton. But it was used by
Oarces in
The "old leading familieB* of the Diegenos —probably genius
gentes ( as they took the;^ father's ,nam^ -were:
• El-kwal-kum-me-i C^^ ^ K.<kW- Vw^. v )
• El-ya-chap. . . (now La-chap-pah).
* En-neS (now Ne jo=Na-ho ) .
• Hil^ -me-yow'b. . (now chained, probably by the Spaniards, to Hil-me-up)
• HulcT -mah-wah
• Kun-yeel (now Ku-neel or Cuneil).
• Kwe-hahs...
Mish-kweesh. .
The Salton Sea coimtry and region about the base of San
Jacinto Mt, belonged to the Coahuila (Kah-we-ah) tribe.— C.H.M.
can.
\/
THE T)IEGEr:OS
The DiegenoB (so called by the Spaniards from San Di^o, about
vdiich they lived) had no gonoral tribal name for themaelverCaB cover-
ing all who spoke essentially the same language). They had, however,
several nsanes for divisions or sub-tribes, and also names for the
•leadin,*^ old families" — ii^ich appear to be gentes.
The tribe as a ^ole reached from the coast easterly to
Algadon, near Yuma; and from San Luis River south into Lower Califomio|.
*
Following are the names and locations of the sub tribes I was
able to obtain vdien driving hastily throu^ the region in October, I90li
El^
■kah-ti..At Mansanita, Little Manzanita, La Posta, and Weahpipa
rancherias.rWo'-ah-pi'-pax leaning rock. It was formerly
Wil'-kwah-pip.'i
In-ke-pah.... Lived east jind souths of Camno. .TacumbaUm their country.
If I understand correctly the In'-ke-pah subtribe rangea
e.istorly to Al^:odon.
Xam-mo-i (^ose ancient naiiio appears to have been El-kwal'-kaci-me-i).
Occupied tJie coast of southern California about San
Diego. Afterwards, when driven away, moved mainly to San
Pasqrtal and Capitan Trrfrndo. One or Wo families hov/
live at Mesa Grande. Rosalie Kajo Is a Kam-me-il
Wah-koo-wahk (or A-whah'-kah-wah*^ ). On Mexican side of International
boundary, extending about ten miles south of the bour.dary,
including S-m Jose, and north to include Campo (now— not
formerly ) .
The name Tool? -e-pah (or Toolh -le-bah ) means onlv 'northerners'
nnd is used loosely for the people of Mesa Grande, Volcan,
t other northern rancherias.
^ . The Diegenos
The term Al -go-don is used by the Diegenos as a place name for Ha
ihite sand hills, a place a few miles west of Yum.a, which was the
easternmost limit of their territor^^ beyond this were tiie Yuma.
They regard it as a Spanish narre meaning cotton. But it was used by
Garces in his diary.
The "old leading families" of the Piegenos—probably g«»fr,
gentes, as they took their father's nan^e — were;
El-kwal-kum.-me-i (5«.«. Kaww^-VY
El-ya-chap. , . (no'.v La-chap-pah).
Bll-neSi^ (now Ne J o ^Ila-ho ) .
Hil- -me-yow b..{now changed, probably by the Spaniards, to Hil-me-up)
Hur^-mah-wah
Kun-yeel (no^ Ku-neel or Cuneil ).
Kwe-hahs.
Mish-kweesh
The Salton Sea country and region about the base of San
Jacinto Mt. belonged to the Coahuila (Kah-we-ah) tribe. —C.H.M.
p. WASHOO STOCK
^'leiui?
«07t'S''
^/JAsV^QO
W A H S H 0 0.
Wahshoo
Ha-eah-dul:
fHe-so-t'uk.^His-to-jruk) . . . Mewuk name for Washoo
loko (a)... Hame used "by Indian Agent Holman for trite about
Carson Valley (May have been Piute)
Hotos fHotonans, Uotoangcows (meaning Easterners))... lames used
by Mssenam for tribes East • -^ c^u-^
Ok-pis-se... Ahtsooka-e (Hat Greek) name for Washoo.- d/H^^v.
Sah-shim mi«dem. .• Uo-to'-koi-yo (HE Midoo) name for Sierra
Valley and Long Valley Wahshoo .-
Wah-^shoes
Wah-^shoo... Their name for themselves^-
Washaw. . . Spelling by Holeman in 1852
WASHOG. . .' Stock ^name. Gats chet 1890 rpreviously inoluded by
Gatschet (1877) inaSholhoni family].
Waaho
nnkshoku TolwA>* CVo^w(i>i ^ms)
Washoe, Febellion^fiecortis 1897.; Waahoea, San Francisco Weakly Herald,
Waeh-oes... (Powell 1873) Aug. 9 , 1860 (from NevAda National).
Washoo « ^^
H-^^^ A^ Av^Ax^Lflcw^ \nof.
Washr-shoo
W^slu. .. (Mooney 1896)
Was-saws... Spelling ty Garland Burt in 1856
UXH.
1* 1^4:i^.h.t.J^;l
Was-se-irak. . . Tuolxunne Mewui name for Washoo. -c^i/w^
>
<t.
(d
W A H 3 H 0 0.
ffi-Bah-ftok (Ea^so-tnlc^Hls-to-Tiik)... Hawk
(from Ha-ww. Ba«t).-«^'--
Bane for Waahoo
Loko (■)... Ia» tiB«d tXT laaiaa Age&t Holaaa for tribe about
Oarson Tall ^ (Hay bare baaa Pluto) ~ o*'--
lotoa (lotonaaa, lotoaaeoowa («oaaln« Bastomora) ) . . . Waaea uaod
bj Ilaaaaam for trlboa Baat
Ol>.pl8-ao. . . Ahtaooka-o (Hat Creek) name for Wa*hoo.-C'»i-N
Salb-abla ■l-d«». . . lo-to'-koi-yo (IB Mldoo) aaae for Sierra
Talley and Long Valley Wahahoo-c^t^.
TaVi-Otes • • • a--. TcxV\ o e s .
IfS^
Walfc-aboo.*. Tbelr nane for tbewielroa.-
WaShav... Spelllac by Holeaan In 18SS
<t«ws.
WaibA
1Mh-0«a..« (Powoll 18T3)
laihoo
% \
sJjoJoI^ ^
Vvvxx;N^xj)k-/^^>7v \^^5=>.
Waludioo
WMbrslioo
faslu^ea (Hooa«7 1896)
^^VnpnA^^6l^.<^--^.^^^^
Wm^mbmb..^ Spelling Iv Garland Hart In 1866
Hawnk
• »
R. ENNESEN STOCK
(SALINAN)
R(l7
CO't,
(rS^
^mm^mmmm
ttvneseo CSoA^oa)
Mf«
iSo/i$
/
« ''
t •
•/
J
Note concerning tlie Indians of the Coast
Mountains and adjacent slopes from SSanta
Lucia mountain on the nortn to the San
Miguel region on the south.
M'v^ i^rt^^JLft^
(>.■ jL rN/^-*> i^,« « > A * 1^ ft 5
The Indians of this region recognize two major divis-
ions or tribes, the northern^ extending from Santa
Lucia feak southward to the divide between the San
Antcnio and Naciemiento rivers; ihe aifefir, 'the oan
Miguel region in a general way — limits unknown.
So far as i have ascertained there remain alive^of
the northern division^ only two men, both rather elder-
ly^and only one woman. One of the men, Tito Jinsenales,
lives on the west side of the base of the ■ol^pi»of
Santa Lucia mountain, his original home being in the
little Milpitas valley two or thcee miles north of
the present club camp. He now lives well up on the
slope two or three miles easterly from the club qamp.
The other man, Dave Mora, says he has always lived in
the San Antonio Mission country, aa^now (1933J occupies
a ranch house on the north side of Naciemiento River.
So far as I am aware these two men are the sole surviv-
ors of the so-called Santa Lucia or San Antonio tribe.
(
\
^
\.
Of the southern division^'fnown ulidFoirtunatel^ by
the Spanish name MigeLenos^ there are two survivors,
both women past middle age. One is the wife of Tito
Ensenales and lives with him on the south-westerly
slope of Santa Lucia mountain, as already stated.
T'^e other, Maria, tb^wife of Dave Mora, olives with
her husband on the north bank of the Naciemiento.
There is also an old woman whom I did not see, said to
live on the^^Naciemiento about 4 miles above the present
m
' home of Dave Mora and wife. She is said to be a very^
old woman and rather deaf. If I remember correctly
she was said to belong to the northern or Santa Lucia
division.
T^^e two Migelenos^»i— this region are the wives of the
two Antoniano men already mentioned, the elder being
the wife of Tito Ensenales, the younger of Dave Mora.
i^^^iaxi
'egret ^
%9^ that at py-ecoftt I have no knowledge as to whether
or not an^ Indians
^liveJ^R in that region. Tl have
each
worked from two to four days with each of the families
mentioned, but did not learn until late that the woman
in both cases belonged to the southern division (,or
\ribe^;^not that of their husbands.
L-
tz.
• «
(5
hn the -ease Qf the northern family, that of Tito
Ensenales, thfe husband, speaks no Jiiiglish and under-
stands very little, though somewhat more than when I
first visited him in 1902. His wife understands much
more iinglis^ but is reluctant to speak it. Obviously
she is the more intelligent of the two.
Of the southern family, Dave Mora understands and
speaks English. His wife Maria, understands English
fairly well but is reluctant to speak it. The man is
nota good informant. PS\he repeats a word, he rarely
repeats it exactly in the same way, and what is still
worse, he not infrequently gives a word of an entirely
different meaning from the one asked for. yvMaj^ia is
clearer-headed and pronounces her words much more
distinctly.
BMO^SBi
^310 Kfth^fMWT ^t Sbv* (an& laler of OanaoX and Hcmterej
Mi8ftiQi») tell me that tli» ffpf^fa^ headquarter* las^big raacheri|^
1^\
at or cloee hf wt^retami. of Salinas no» is, azvl that thej reaebsd
i^ne» Stat dovn iht^alinaa Biver.
ineir langaage was siiailar to t^t of the Iflh*K?5?n and
hoi differed soiaswhat*
U'
'h'L S,z^
• ••
ATAPLIU'ISH
Ataplili'iah; Nane uasd by Kroeber in 1915 for a supposed
tribe formerly occupjring the upper Santa Clara IdTsr
and its affluents from Solidad Canyon down streaa to
a point between Sespe and Piru, including Piru Creek
up to and including Alaaos Creek.-- itroeber. Am.
Anthropologist, Vol.l7,pp.773-775 (Dec. 1916) i«8ued
Feb.1916.
Later, eviddntly learning that Ataplili^ ish was
not the name of the people stated, but of the BBPCaflP
(whom he calls Salinan) , he adopted the nene Al^iklik
for the upper Santa Clara people.— Kroeber, Hdbk. Indians
Calif..pp.556& 613. 1925
--^EN-NE-SEN
The Kali-koon of Sur (and later of Carmel and Monterey
Missions) tell me that the Eimesefi headquarters wasUDig rancheria
at or close by where town of Salinas now is, and that they reached
thence far down 'WitSalinas River,
Their language was similar to that of the Kah^-kooh and
Room>se«en but differed somewhat, —
Si.J
Retake of Preceding Frame
—EN-NE-SEN
The Kail- ko on of Sur (and later of Carniel and Monterey
Missions) tell me that the Ennesen headquarters was ciig rancheria
at or close by where town of Salinas now is, and that they reached
thence far down tbtSalinas River,
Their language was similar to that of the Kali- ko on and
Room- se -en but differed somewhat, —
S. OLHONEAN STOCK
(COSTANOAN)
TjiZTiT^
■Jmmmmmtam
0\h0fVdO.n C Co S tflLYKHl^V )
«$,c^ \t
C
MONTEREY REGION— YAK- SHOON
The ^ah-koon of Monterey (who spoke same language as Arches-ta,
and nearly same as Room- se -en) say that a tribe called Yak-shoon ,
speaking a different language lived at Satt Lagoon. Of this
tribe there remain Anastacia Garcia (near Myers plaxje) and Mrs.
Austin (whose original name before marriage was Priska) at Laguna.
\
\
IB
f,
>»->:,
'mmmm
It;".-
r * t ■
•«i^.:tlmt a tribe called Ia^£-ahooH|
V i
Of this
>K^
.•■*i..
^^^ .;%^S«:;dr:^m|-;nfl||f. before marriage. waft-'Pris:
1 -»"'
J5<
■A-
Retake of Preceding Frame
•\,
\
■'■■ ■ ¥■'■'
:i'm>^^
-f%
llONTEHBr RBGIOH— YflC-SHOON
The f^ilkoon of Monterey (who spoke aame lanffjage as I^qt^eVl^
axid nearly 9aiBe as
i^ur
a) say that a tribe called
speaking a different langoage lived at Sa^t lagoon.
Of this
tribe Hasre remain
Inaatacia Garcia (near Myers place) and Mrs
Austin (^ose original name before marriage was Prxska) at lagima.
0 ''^'^t^^v
MONTEREY REaiON TO SALINAS AND SA1>I JUAN
Olhonean Tribe a
' . <u
1
%
At Monterey; Achesta (Ache stli ens ^ Ah-ches-ta-kwas) •
At Sur (and Garmel) : Kah^koon (nearly same as Room-se-en) •
At San Juan Valley: Hoomontv/ash (=Mutsun) •
At Salinas and below: En^ne-sen (different dialect) •
At Salt La^roon: Yak-shoon (lanpniage uncertain) • "^HJvAwtllttS^
The tribe called Wen-vah-ren by th« Hoomontwash is probably
sanie as Kah-kopn.
■awMBM
latch-a-roon^proba.bly a division or subtribe of En-ne-sen.
Egeelen of mountains near Hach-shoaK«H(pear Tassajara and
Jamesburg and soutM
Him-se-en of Paso Robles^ probably division of Es'eelen, but
this by no means sure.
Esseleg and tribe called Hue lei both at Soledad and San
. .V" ''■ ■
Antonio aiid San Miguel Missions^
t^M')
)^"^''9^^..*,^Jfk^^S^m, m ■■■ /^^-V-^-Xjk^-^
'vv
I
■""WW!*,^
i,....,^-^^-^/ ''****-*^'-^jr^v->^^^
f«
IKKITEBSY BBGIOH TO SinNAS iNB SAN JUilN
Olhonean Tribe*
' . w
MMoftterev! Acfaeatft (AGhistliens, Ah«>cfa9s-ta^kwa0) •
At 3uy (apd Canafl^) : fflb^fc^TT (nearly same as Boooi-se-en)
IMm ^pmmtifmlp, i'^^tmmi ,
At Salioaa and below;
i*8en (different dialect)
Alf, M^, l^-joon; Tak<*ahoon tlangaage uncertain).
Tbe tribe called WecN'yli^reQ by the Hoomontwash ie probably
as gajii^jl^oon.
probably a diTieion or aubtribe of Sn-ne*smi.
Ritcelefi of mountains near Bach<i>8hois*eti^ar Tassajara and
Janesbtuqg and soat^
of Paao Roblea probably diyiBion of Baeelen, bat
thia by no means sure.
Ksaelefi and tribe called SsafilfiiL both at Soledad and Sen
Antonio and San Miguel MiaaioiM. _
>;;^^jA^w^ "C ^kLj^^jj^
oyr
i^5:^^*iUl^Ci^— J^) -. k.«.V. iceow C'vou^ iL_^ ^T^*W-it-*n.|
^juy^^i'^ ^v^A-^wuij^-.
^-S
&-<lIxla^ 4
» T jj^
^t.
^^iLlo.'Wv I^-CUUX^'W
.£»o^_
^^aA^'w .^"^io^ ^u-hm^ jwacV uxa^-^ «^ax\
/
S.F.-l^ontcroy 3
RomananB On v/eet\side Saji Fr;dnciBco Bay.
Room-80-cn... Tribe in IHUb EQUthear.t of Monterey. ^
(Rune ion KiJmeon)
Sakhones Soledad-KonteWr region.
Salsea On San Franciico^Bay (Humboldt).
Soclan or Saclan. At Miafcion DolVes in 1816.Honie unknov/n.
Socoisukas. . .Botv/oen Alinaden Mines ^d Alviuo landing, Sfinta Clara Co.
SulonoB, ..... Anothei/ nam© for Olhones.
Tapper Kah-koon rancheria on Sargent Ranch, Caiiael Valley.
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