The Baptist encyclopædia : a dictionary of the doctrines, ordinances, usages, confessions of faith, sufferings, labors, and successes, and of the general history of the Baptist denomination in all lands : with numerous biographical sketches of distinguished American and foreign Baptists, and a supplement

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929.102

B22c BJO-BASE

pt.2
1S74139

; BIO-BASE REYNOLH^^ "-jicrORrCHL

GENEALOGY COLLECTION

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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARV

3 1833 0

178 0779

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center

http://www.archive.org/details/baptistencyclop02cath

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THE

UnVKST. ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

A DICTIONARY

OF

TT ri;!

HE DOOIMilNES, ORDINANTJES, USAGES, OONEKSSIONS OF FAITH

SUFFERINGS, LABOKS, AND SUCK^FSSES, AND OF THE

GENERAL IHSTORY OF TlfF

BAITIST DENOMINATION IN ALL LANDS.

wr'i'ii

NUMEROUS BIOORAIMIICAL SKETCHES OF DISTINGUISIIRI) AMERICAN AiNlJ
FOKKKJN liAPTISTS, AND A SUPPLEMENT.

EDITED liV

\^'ILIJAM (iAllUCART, D.I).,

AUTUUlt Ol" "nil'; I'AI-Ai, SVSTKM,'" "THL' UAI'TISTS AM» Till-: A.MKIUCAN UKVoLirTIUN," AND
"TI!K llAl'TISU OF THi: AtiKS."

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1^74139

LELAND

G83

LEMEN

Oliri.st, Tl)c^ Miiiimiii-y iif lii« lulior.s diiriiif; tin;
lillL'i:ii yi'iii's ol Ills ministry in Vii'i^iiiiu i.s tliiis le-
conluil, — IIDD'J scniiDiis pii'aehcil, 7t)U pi'i-sdiis Ijap-
tizeil, iiml tu'o liU'mj cliiirclics lurined, one ul'
300 Miciiiljcrs, anil anutlioi' of 200.

Ilaviii;; liiiislu'd the work wliiuli lio tliOii^lit
liis iMastci- iiad givi'ii him to ild 'iii Vii'Lliriia,
Ml'. Iiehiiid returned to liis native State, and
made Ids homo lor the most ol' the remainder
of liis life in Cliosliire, Jlass. Jli.'re, ami in
the region about, the same power and the
same sueeess followed liis ministry, lie re-
ports the whole number of persons whom he ~
had baptized down to 1821 as 1352. "Some J
of them," lie says, "have been men of wealth
iind rank, and ladies of quality, but the eliief ,
part liavi^ Ihmmi in the midille and lower grades
■of life. Ten or twelve of tliem have engaged
to preach." IMissionary tours were made in »,-
Jilmost every direelion, and niultiludi.'s erowded
to hear him. 'i'he story of the "uiamiiioth p\
■clieese" sent by the people of Cheshire to s
President Jed'erson belongs to this period.
lie was the bearer of the gift to Washington.
"Air. Jelferson," remarks Uev. J. T. Smith,
■" treated him with miieh defcronee, among otiier
things taking him into the Senate cliamber." Year
iil'ter year he went on doing that speeial work to
which he belii.ned the Lord had called him. " I'lum
fieventy to beyond eighty years of age he probably
■iiveraged more sermons a week than most settled
pastors." And it is interesting to have the follow-
ing recorded <il him by one who could speak intel-
ligently about him, " The large attendance on his
preaching was as creditable to the hearers as to the
preacher. A sensational preacher he was not, nor
a mere bundle of eccentricities. The discrimina-
ting and thoughtful listened to liim with the most
interest and attention." He was evidently "a born
preacher." The life of a .settled pa^.tor would have
been irksome to him. lie wanted freedom from all
restraint, and to do his own work at his own timi!
and in his own way. In politics he was a Democrat
of the .lelfersnnian school, a hater of all op|ir(>ssion,
whether civil or ecclesiastical. His warme.^t sviu-
pathies went out to his Baptist brethren in their
■clforts to secure a complete divorce of the Church
from the State. Everywhere ho pleaded with all the
energy of his soul for civil and religious liberty,
and ho had the satisfaction of seeing it at last come
out of the conlliot victorious over all foes. Among
the class of ministers whom God raised up during
the last century to do the s|iecial work which it
was given llu! Uaptist denomination to |icilin'm,
..lohn Ijclaiul occupies a. conspicunns place. We
<inubt if his e(|ual will i-ver be seen again. .Mr.
Lcland died Jan. 14, l.S-41.

Leland University, located at New Orleans.

La., was founded by the mtinilieence of llolbrook
Chamberluin, under the direction of the Home
Mission Society. It is dc\olcd to the education

LEL.Wl) U.NIVERSITV, .NEW OKLE.VNS, ],\.

of freeilincn. ]\Ir. Chamberlain lirst gave Sl2,.'i00
to found it, and the amount wiia duplicated by
contributors to the society. He then gave §.501)0
more towards the buildings. He and his wife not
only donated money to this noble object, but lent
also their hearty personal elforts. This school has
now been in successful operation several years,
and has the warm sympathy of the Ba[itists of the
I city, and indeed of the Southwest. It Is an im-
portant factor in the evangelization of the freed-
men of the South.

Lemen, Rev. James, was bom in Berkeley Co.,
Va., in 1700. In early life he was one of those
who went North from Virginia wiili (ien. Wasli-
inglon, and was in srmie of the noted actions of the
war of the Revolution. Keturning to AHrginia he
settled near \V'lie(ding, but in 1780 removed to Illi-
nois, being one of the earliest settlers in that re-
gion of then almost unbroken wilderness. He
went down the Ohio lliver in a flat-boat, with bis
family, and after much exposure and disaster ar-
rived at length, though with a loss of nil his house-
hold goods, which the river in the wrecking of his
boat had swallowed up. His lirst home in Illinois
was near Kaskaskia, at New Design, on the road
from Kaskaskia to St, Louis. For many years his
house was a stopping-plueo for travclortt hetwecn the
two places, and they Were always cnlertaiiied with
Western hospitality. Under the |ireachiiig of Uev.
-lames Smith, the lirst evangelical minister to visit
Illinois, iMr. Lemen e.\perieneed conversion in 1787,
but did not make a profession of his faith in bap-
Lsni iKii'l I'^o.i ^>;lii.n •>Mil| bis wife and two others

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LKNOX

he was baiitized by llev. Josiali ].>o(lgo. 'i'liis was
the first iiistiiiice uf the adiiiiiiistratiuii of Ijiipti.siu
iti wliiit is iiuu' tlio Sliitc (jT lUiiiuia. 'I'u'o yciii's
hiter Mr. Lemcii and his wilb miitod with ii lew
(ith(!rs ill loniiiiiir thu fir,st (.'hrisliaii eluiruh in
Illinois, their minister Ituinjf llev. David 15adi;h'y.
The Baptists thns h'd the way in the wurk ol' estah-
lishing elinrelie.s in tin; great I'rairie .State. JOven
heCoru Mr. Lemen had e.xperieiieed eon\ersiun he
had l)een one uf a small eumpany who met together
iin the I-ord's day to read the Scriptnres, with a
sermon whenever one uonid Ini procured. Alter his
conversion he was able to aceom[iany these exer-
oiios with prayer. Finally, in 1808, ho was li-
eensed to preaeli, lieing now nearly fifty years of
age. From that time until his death he was an ac-
tive, zealous, and useful minister of the gospel,
associating this with other pnldic duties, such as,
for some years, justiee uf the peace, and also as one
of the judges of the (jounfj- Court, lie died .Ian. 8,
b'^li.i, aged si.Nty-two. ills sou, James liemcn, .Ir.,
who was in the ministry before liini and assisted at
his ordination, also preached liis funeral sermon.

Lemen, Rev. James, Jr., third son td'the fore-
going, was born at New Design, 111., Oct. N, 17^7.
I'onverted at the age of twenty, he immcdiatidy
began iireaching, even before he had iiniled with
any chnridi. Joining the cliurch at New J)esign,
he was by that church ordained, and he continued
ill the duties of an ai-tive ministry in various parts
of Southern Illinois lin- more than sixty years. Ue
timk ail active part also in jinblie all'iirs; was
ibiring sixteen years a member ol the Legislatuie,
both as representative and as senator. jVn (declioii
to the LI. .S. Senatorship was oli'ered him but de-
elineil. lie died Feb. 8, 1870, aged eighty-two.

Lemen, James H., was one of the family of
Lemens who eanii; into Illinois among its earliest
settler.s. He died in 0' Fallon, Madison Co., .Sc>pt.
1:2, 187-, at the age of sixty-live. He liad been
a memlicr of Bethel church since the age of
twelve, was for many years iderk of the cliurcii,
and for twenty years clerk of the South District
Association.

Lemen, Rev. Joseph, was the second son of

•lames J, emeu, Sr., and was l)orn near Harper's
Ferry, Va., Sept. 8, 178,j. He was only nine
muntlis old ^vheii his [larents removed to Hlinois.
He was converted at a camp-meeting near Ivl-
wardsville, HI., conducted by the Alethodist bishop,
McKendree, and by two ISaptist ministers, —
•■Father Clark'' and Janu^s Lemen, Sr. He was
ordaineil Feb. I, 1810, and was an active and use-
ful minister for lifty-ime yi'ars. He died dune 28,
I8l)l, at the age id' seventy-li\ e.

Lemen, Rev. Josiah, was liom .Wig. lo, I7'.'l,

at New Design, III. II, ■ was the sixth child uf
dames Lemen, Sr. lb' also, like his brothers

Jo.sepli, Moses^and James, became a minister of
the gospel. Ho was baptized iLiy 2, ISl'J, by Rev.
Jolm Clark, known in the former history of Ulinois
as "Father Clark," and united with the Canton,
now ISethel church, near the place of his birth.
He died July II, 1802, aged seventy-two.
Lemen, Rev. Moses, was the youngest son of

James Lemen, Sr., and he was born at the Illinois
,home of that remarkable family, Sept. 3, 17'J7.
Though converted at ten years of age, he did not
unite with the church until his twenty-second year.
Jle was then baptized by " Father Clark." He and
his brother Josiah were botli baptized and ordained
at the same t'l^ae, their ordination occurring jMarch
24, 1822. Moses Jjemen, during thirty-six years,
was one of the most laborious and useful niiiiisters
in Hlinois. Ho died March 5, 18i')'J, aged sixty-
one.

Lemen, Rev. Sylvester, w.is also id' the famous

Lemen I'amily, of Illinois, and he was for many
years a member of the Jiethel clinrcb. , Ho died e.t
iJelleville, 111., Sept. 28, 1872, at the age of lifty-six.
Ho was, during some thirty-five years, one of the
active and useful members of the South District
Association.

Lennon, Rev. Haynes, was bom Dee. \:), bsiti;

was ileeidy impressed with a desire to seek the

Saviour at four years of age, but did not join a

church till twenty-three; was baptized by l!cv.

Wm. Ayers, in June, 18l-i0; began to preach iu

JLiy, 1841, and was ordained in jMare.h, 1842, llev.

\\\\\. .Vyers ami i!ev. J)wiglit Hayes forming the

I'resbytcry. He has been the pastor td' tho Antioeh

church, iu Kobinson Countv, N. C, for thirty-eiglit

years, and of sevinal others nearly as long. Ho

was iiioderattu' of the Capo Fear Association, the

second largest in the State, from IS.IO to 1878, with

' tho exception of the sessions of 1804 and 18(')o,

j when ho was absent on account of sickness. Iu

1870 he became general superintendent of missions

[ iu his ^Vssociatiiiii, and has been eminently useful in

j ileveloping a missionary s|iirit among the churclies.

I He is still an acti\e and i ll'ective minister.

Lenox, Judge David T., whose parents were
SiHitch Methodists, was born at Catskill, N. Y,, in
1801. He was ba),tized at llushvillo, HI., in 1832,
with his \vife (.Miss Ijouisa Swan, of Lexington,
Ky.). He organized and superintended two Sun-
day-seliools ; ho removed to i\Iissouri in 1840;
joiiieil the Todd's Crock church; was clerk of the
ehiirch and Association until 1843, when he re-
moved to Oreiion, and located on the 'I'nalatin
Plains; found live other Baptists in the wilderness,
invited them to his house and there (u'ganized the
\Vest Union church, the lirst liaptist churcli west
of the Rocky .Mountains. In lM")2 he spent ^\Um
of his own nnmi'Y, and raised .SI 200, to build a
church edilieo. lie was deacon of the church. Ho

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Lh'ONAL'l)

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LESLIE

wri.s (liati-ict judge and jiidj^i; of Prolmte Court
iiiaiiy yiiiirs. In ISOti lie removed to Weston,
Eastern Oreji;iiM, wliere ho closed a useful and
consecrated life, Xov. 4, \Klo.

Leonard, Rev. Georg'e, was born in Kaynhani,
Mass., Aug. 17, ISO.:, lie entered JJrown Univer-
sity and graduated in 1824. lie, studied subse-
ipiently at the Newton Theological Institution, and
was one of the first students who graduated from
that seat of sacred learning. He was ordained
))astor of the .Second ISaptist church in 8alcm,
JNIass., in August, 182(j, where he labored until
compelled to resign on account of ill lualth. On
the 4tli of July, 1S30, ho began his ministry as
pastor of the First JJaptist church in rortland, Me.
Again his health failed, lie gave up all ministerial
work, and died at last, Aug. II, L'^lll, in Worcester,
Ma.ss. If Mr. Leonard had been blessed with good
health, and luul lived longer, it may bi' safely pre-
dicted that he would have taken a high jilacc among
the ablest ministers of his deiKUiiinatioii. liolli ilie
churches he served revere his memory.

Leonard, Judg^e John, was, born in Kuo.k Co.,
0., Aug. 2U, ISL'.J. lie attended Denisoii Univer-
sity, at Granville, 0. On leaving cidlege he located
in .Morrow County, and at the age of twenty-three
was elected county surveyor. Whih^ holding this
olliee he ilevoted his spare tiuKi entirely to the study
of law, and in ISSli was admitted to the bar in
Woostor, Wayne Co, 0. In the summer of IS.'ii!
he came to 'Iowa, and settled at ^Vinterset, where
ho opened a law-olfiee, and gradually built up an
I'.xlensive practice. In IS(i2 In; was elected district ,
attorney, hut rcsiiiiied in INiU. In .lanuary, 1S74,
hi' entercil upon his duties as judge of the I'ifth.hi-
dicial District, to which he had been recently elected, i
and in which lie continin'd to serve till the expira- j
tion of his term of olliee. lie is an earnest and '
studious reader, especially in the line of his prn-
fession, and has one of the best libraries of any
lawyer in Southwestern Iowa. He has long been |
a member of the Ba|itist church, and ho is e.xeiii- ;
plary and faitlil'iil in his life and church relations.
He still resides in W'interset, where his home lias
been for more than twenty-seven yi;ars. lliseldest
son, ISyram Leonard, an attorney of iinieli promise,
a man of sterling Christian wiu'th, and an earnest
worker in the liajitist cliiireh of which he was a
valued ineinlier, died in lS7'.l,iu his early manliood,
and in the midst of a useful life.

Leonard, L. G., D.D., was bom in Monson,
Mass., Jan. 0, 1810 ; graduated at Xewton in llS3t) :
the same year liei'amo |iastor of the church in
AVebster, Mass., where he remained nearly seven
years. j\l'ter two short pastorates in 'riiumpson
ami New l,iiiidon, Conn., he took charge, in IS IS,
of the .Market .Street ehiirch, /.aiiesville, O. From
185;") to lS(i;i was pastor at iMiirietta, O., where he

was the means not only of greatly streni^thening
thejiome church, but was instrumental in forming
several new churches in the surrounding country.
In 18()o he took charge of the church at [iebanon,
O., remaining until 1S72, when he liecame jiastin-
of the church at IJuoyros, a position which he still
holds.

I'r. Leonard has been closely iilentilied with
liaptist interests in Ohio. For thirty years he has
been a member of thi; board of trustees of Denison
University. His pastorates have beini King and
fruitful. \ wise counselor and a faithful toiler for
Christ, he has received during his many years of
service the highest esteem and alfection.

Leslie, Gov. Preston H., wns bom in Clinton
Co., Ky., March 8, ISl'J, and was educated in the
schools of his vicinity until the age of sixteen.
Upon leaving school he S|ient a portion of his time

(InV. I'liESToN II. l.r.SI.IK.

Upon a farm near Louisville. At the age of eighteen
he accepted a position in a store in (dintoii C!uiiiity,
and shiu'tly al'terwards entercil the county clerk's
olliee as a deputy. After this he attended a school
of higher grade, and a|iplied himself to study with
great diligence, committing to memory the whole
of a text-book on lo;;ic within a few weeks, AVlien
he left thifi school he entered the law-ollice of Gen.
llicc Maxey, since Judge Maxey, of Texas, and
father of United Slates Senator S. 15. INIaxey, of
that State. In ISU he was admitted to the bar.
While a law-stndeiit, or just hi'Core he began the
stiidv of law, ho professed religion and joined a
liaptist church, and from that time made the liible

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LESLIE

686

LETTERS

liis stuily and liis giiiJe. Wlien lie commenced the
practice uf law lie I'oriiied a resolution not to aJifo-
cate kiio\vini;ly an unjust cause for any considera-
tion, and ho detcnuiiied never to neglect his duty
to God lor any worldly advantage however great.
On these priiK-iples he began the business of life,
and it is believed that he has adhered to them with
unyielding tenacily. His success was assured I'rom
the heginuing. From IS-ll! until 1853 his residence
was upon a farm on Oumlierland River, in Jackson
Co., Tenn. Here lie divided his time between
farming and his profession. A few years later he
removed to Glasgow, Ivy., where he now resides.
He was lirst elccleil to the Legislature from Monroe
('ounty in 1S14, and was re-elected in 1850. lie
represented IJarren and Monroe Counties in the
.State Senate from 1851 to 1855, and again in 1807,
occupying the speaker's chair in the Senate in
18ti",l. On the resignation of Gov. Stevenson he
became guvernur ex-ol/i: io until the expiration of
the term, in 1S71. During that year he was elected
governor by the extraordinary majority of 37,156.
In the discharge of his duties as chief magistrate
he attained a national re'jjutation for diligence,
wisdom, and integrity. At tlie close of his term,
in 1875, he returned to his luiine in Glasgow and
resumed his legal practice. Gov. Leslie is as faith-
ful to his ( hurcli as to the State, and he allows
nothing but Providential circumstances to delain
him from pulilic worship or to prevent him from
taking an active part in the business of his church.
He superintended the Sunday-school at the Uaptist
church in Frankfort while ho was governor, and
was frefiuenfTy moderator of the General Asso-
ciation of the liaptists. The State iind the Cliuivh
alike are justly proud of this pure statesman and
devoted Christian.

Leslie, Rev. Robert, was born in Kdinburgh,
Scotland, in 1.S38, and came with his |)arents to the
United States in 1851, stopping at Chicago, III.,
but subsO(|Uently locating at Schenectady, N. Y.
In 1856 the family again removed to the West, es-
tablishing their home this time at Clinton, Iowa.
According to the old established rule among the
Scotch Presbyterians, the parents of Mr. Leslie
designed him for the ministry, and while yet (|uite
young ho attended for some time the Itcv. lb-. ,\n-
drew 'I'hompson's school in Edinburgh. 'I'he con-
vei'sioii of his parents to Baptist views, and their
.removal to the Unitdl States, somewhat modilied
an<l changed these early purposes and also inter-
rupted his edui:ation. Converted at the age of
si.xtec'ii, he mad^' a prufession of religion in 1854.
and united with the Baptist church in Clint(jn,
Idwa. iVfcer his union with tlie church he prose-
cuted, in eonni'ctiiin with his father, the business
of architect and builder. During a number of
years he had a painlul coiillictwitb his couvictioiis

with reference to the Christian ministry, which
finally culminated in his happy and entire conse-
cration to that work. He was educated at the
University of Chicago, graduating in the class of
186U, and at the Chicago Theological Seminary,
graduating in 1870. He was ordained Oct. 12, 1870,
as pastor of the JSaptist ehurcli at Anamosa, Iowa.
He was .subsci(uently settled at Joliet, HI., and in
Waverly, Iowa. He touk charge of the Baptist
church in Waukesha, Wis., Aug. 1, 1879, where he
is now the highly esteemed and useful pastor of
the church of which Dr. Robert Boyd was pastor
emeritus until his death. Thoroughly educated,
fully consecrated to the work of the ministry, sound
in his views of truth, and the |iastor of one of the
best churches in ^Visconsin, Mr. Leslie has before
him a bright and most ]iromi»ing future.

Lester, James S., was born in \irginia; is now
over eighty years old ; was a soldier against the In-
dians and flie.xicans in Te.\as in IN-ll^ ; was a mem-
ber of the convention and signed tin; ileclaration of
independence cjf Texas, March 2, l.'^SO; has been a
consistent Baptist all his life; a trustee of and
liberal coiitrllnitor to the endowment of Baylor
University ; joined the Baptist church in Texas at
an early age, and lives now among his old friends
in the enjoyment of their warm regard. He is one
of the remarkaljle men of Texas.

Letters of Dismission are granted to members
to unite with other churches of the same faith and
gospel order. A letter of disniissiun is only a rec-
ommendation to the liiother in whose favor it is
granted. No church is obliged to receive it or liim.
It is found by experience that a letter should always
be addri'ssed to a particular church, (ieneral letters
are uufavorable to iiermancnt church relations. 'I'he
letter is wisely limited in time, expiring in three,
six, or twelve months. Until the acocoptance of the
letter by another church the person in whose favor
it has been issued retains his membership in the
church granting it unless a by-law providi?s other-
wise. Authority to unite with another church ceases
wdion tlie date of limitation in the letter is |iassed.
According to Baptist usage the applicant for a Jettei*
should pay his church dues, if he is able, before he
receives it. After receiving his letter of dismission,
if he changes his mind abuiit uniting with another
community, he should return the letter to the
church or its clerk. AVhile retaining the letter, and
liefore its date of limitati(ui is reached, though still
a member of the chuic h, ho should not vote at
church meetings or take any part in the regular
business of the church.

Every Baptist has a right to obtain a letter to
unite with a regular Baptist church unless there is
a charge against him. And this privilege;, it is
bidievcd, would be sustaincii by the civil courts.
.And lor the same reason, if a member is excluded

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LEV 13 RETT

687

LEVERING

fnim a cliurcli contiiiry to its by-laws, or, if it has
none, against tlio usages of the ileiioiuiiiation, the
eourts would onler his restoration. An Knglisli
authority rceeiitly iiial;es tliu lonowin;^ statement
on tliisquestion : •' Tiie courts say toaeiiurch,cl]a])el,
coiiipan}', ehib, or partnersliip, Malce what contract
you please, hut when tlic ar/itcmciil-is made we wiil
.tec that il it kept.'' There is no reason to doubt
hut that this is the law in every State of the Union
for every association, secular and religious, legally
holding real estate. AVhen a nienibiu' asks for a
letter, and there is no accusation again.st him before
the disciplinary coinniitteo or the church, unless
some grave breach of duty has lieen cunimittcd no
charge slnnild be brought then. ]5aptist usage re-
((uires the clerk of a church receiving a letter to
notify the church granting it that the brother eom-
mendi'il by it has lieen received into fellowship,
llegular Baptist churches do not grant letters of
dismission to Pedobaptist religious communities.
Neither do they receive letters from these bodies
excc|)t as testimonials.

Form of a Letter of Dismhsion.

The l>a]itist church of to the Baptist

church of • •

DeAK liaKTllltEN :

This is to certify that is a member with

us in good standing and full fellowship ; and at his
own reijuest he is hd'eby dismis.sed from us to
unite with you. AVlien received by you his con-
nection with us will cease.

By order of the clnucli.

, Chureh Cleric.

This lette\>vill be valid for si.x months.
Leverett, Prof. Warren, was bom Dec. 19,

l.SDo; he and his twin-brother, I'rof Washington
Ijcverett, ari^ skus of William and Lydia (Fuller)
Leverett, of Brooklinc, JVIass. At the age of fourteen
the two brothers went to live with Samuel Griggs,
lOsip, a brother of JNIrs. Leverett's second husband,
a farmer residing in Itutland, V't. Jlere they re-
nniined until they reached their majority. In the
mi'an tince tliry had experienced conversion, iunl
leaving the li(mn! in Vermont that they might jnir-
sue study under the direction of their oldest brother,
Kev. William Leverett, of Roxbury, they united
with the lia|)tist eliurcli in Cambridgeport. Sep-
tember, I.Sl!S, they entered Brown University,
graduating in 1832. I'oii a time the brothers were
separated, Washingtoti becioming one of the facultv
of Oolumbian (lollene, AV'ashington, I). ('., and
Witrren being comp(dled by broken health to tiMvel,
tluiugh engaged occa-i(Hially in ti'aching. lie re-
moved to the \Vest_and opened a sehocjl in (Jreen-
ville, 111, and successfully earric^il it on /'or a year
and a lialf, when he reuKJVi-d to Upper j\Uon, be-
coming Connected with. Shurtlelf (!olleire, and re-

maining in that service until 18f)S. lie died at
Upper Alton in November, 1872. Prof. Leverett's
department in Shurtlelf College was that of ancient
languages, in wliich studies he was a thorough, pro-
ficient, and an admirable instructor. AVhile ii mem-
ber of the church in Cambridgeport he was licensed
as a preacher, and frequently during his life olii-
ciatcd as such with mmdi aci-eptance.

Leverett, Washington, LL.D.— Some account

of the early life of Washington Leverett, professor
in Shurtlelf College during so many years, is given
in connection with the notice of his twin-brother,
Prof. Warren Leverett. Washington Leverett,
after two years spent as teacher in Crown Univer-
sit3', and in Columbian College, Washington, D. I'.,
entered tit Newton, where he gradintted in iN^Ci.
Kecoiving at that time a call to the chair of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy in Shurtlelf Col
lege, he accepted it, and removing to Illinois en-
tered at once upon his duties. This jiost of service
he continued to fill with marked acceptance for
thirty-two years, resigning it in l8liS. Since that
date he has continued his connection with the col-
lege as a member of the board of trustees, and as
librarian and treasurer. It is justly written of him
that " as a teacher he was eminently suocessful, and
possessed a thurou^hness of scholarship and real
worth that never failed to command the respect of
his pupils, and which has endeared him to a large
circle of warm I'rlends."

Levering, Judge Charles, tis-iociate judge of

the Circuit Court of Allen C(j., 0., was a lineal de-
scendant of ^Vigiird Levering, one of the pioneer
settlers of Koxborough, in Philadelphia County,
who emigrated to this country from (Jermany in
1(3X5.

lie was born in lloxboroiigh township, Dec. 8,
1782.

Mr. Levering received the common rudiments
of an Lnglish education a,t the district school of his
native place.

In 1805 he indulged a hope in Christ, and was
baptized into the hdlowship of the Uoxbonmgh
llaptist cliureli, of which he was elected deacun
Miireh 24, 1821.

On Sept. 24, 1812, he was married to l^sther
Levering, oldest daughter of Deacon Anthony
Leveriiig, of lioxborough, a most estiniiible Chris-
tian wife and nu)ther.

]Mr. Levering was a jiatriot, and during the war
of 1812-14, although he was major of a regiiaent,
yet when he found his rommaml was not to bo
ordercil into active service until after six months,
he enlisted us a piivale in the Roxborougli Volun-
teers, ()f which company he suliseqnently became
captain.

In 1822 he removeil into the district of South-
wark, and united with the Third chureh; subso-

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LFA'ICUIXa

688

LEV FAUN G

qiieiitly lie juiiieJ tlio Sl'COIuI clmvcli, duriiij; tliu
imstunito of tlie Kev. Thomas J. Kitts.

In IS.')."), Mr. Levering reniovcil to Allen, now
Auglaize Co., 0., .soon alter wliich lie wa.s ap|i(iinti'd

liani, of tlie fourth generation, was born at Kox- i
borough, August, 170.^. lie nuirried, Maj' 2, 1732,
Hannah Clement. He liuilt the first hotel at Uox- '
borough, now known as the '• Leverington," whieli '
he earried on together witli blaeksmithing and
farming, his I'arnL euihraeing 250 acres. lie died
]Mareh 30, 1774. 'flie tirst sehool-lifmse in Hox-
borongh was built tlirough his exertions, and he |
gave' the ground for it in 174.^. It is now called
"The Levering I'riniary Si.-hool." William and
Hannah had nine children, on(^ of whom, Knoch, !
of the fifth generation, was born in lioxborough,
Feb. 21, 1742. After conducting his large tannery
there for many years, he renuived to Baltimore,
iNId., between the years 1773 and 177.). Here he
entered extimsiMdy into the grocery business. He j
niarried JMary Righter, and died aged lil'ty-fonr.
They had nine sons. Peter was the first-horn. 1
Knoeh's brother, Nathan, born in Koxlioruugh, Maj'
19, 1745, gave the lot on whieli the Uoxborongh
Kaptist oliurcli is built, and superintended its iiee-
tiuM. This ehnreh, of which he Avas a eonstitnent
member, met at his residence prior to the erection
of their house of worship. He also gavc^ the ground
for their cemetery. He was fa'ther-indaw to II. G.
Jones, D.H., son of liev. Havid Jones, A.M., a
famous Ilcvolulionary chaplain. Hon. H. 0, Jones,
the .son of Dr. Jones, is the author of " A (ienca-

jrilOK I IIARI-Ks I.KVi:i;iNO.

associate judge of the ( 'ireuit Court lor that county,
which position he held for several years.

Ho was active in everything )iertaining to the
success of our denomination. Hi.' was a constitu-
ent memlier and deacon of the .Uiiamhi and Wa-
paukoiHita churches, ami held tin' ollicc of deacon
in thi^ latter until his death, which occurred .March
14, 'l.StiO. His remains lie in a country chnrcli-
yard, on the State road, about live miles north of |
Wapankoneta, the county seat of Auglaize Co., O. ]

Levering, Eugene, Sr., was born in Baltimore, j
Md., A|iiil 24, l.'^l'J. He traced his family for seven |
generations to Hosier [severing, born )U'obably in
France about IliOO. who fled to llolhiiid or Uer-
iiiany on account of religious persecutions, and
married Kli/.aboth Van De Walle, of Wcscl, Wc-^t-
)ihalia. They had two sons, — Wigard and (Jchard.
Tin; former, Kngenc's ancestor, was born at Oanien,
AVcstphalia, about llid.S, and marricil. in Ili71, i
Magilalene liiiker. liL lf)S5, accoinpanicd by his
wife and their four children, lii^ came to America
and settled at (Jormantown, I'a. In l(i'.l2 he
removed to Uoxborough, where he bought 500
acres of laud. Wigard and his wile had ten chil-
dren. 'Their son William, of the third generation,
was born at Midheim, in Germany, May 4, ir)77,
and came to America with liis ])arents. He died
in 1740, leaving five children. The eldest, Wil-

M lit.Si: I.I'VKIIIM:, SI!.

logicarAceounl" of the Levering family, from which
many of the facts of this article are taken. Peter,
of the sixth generation, was born in Hoxborough,
Feb. 14. I71JG, and removed to lialtiniore with his

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J. EVE RING

CS9

LEVY

jini'eiit.s, where lio became cngasfeil in tlie sliippint;
iiml ooiniiiissiciii l)Usiness. lie iiuirricil, May 22,
IT'.IS, llaniiali, only daUi;litL'r ol' William Wilson,
(iC tlio linn ol' ^Villianl ^V'ilson &, Sons, one ol' the
most extensive shi ji|iinj^-honses of lialtimore. 'I'hey
both were members of the First liaptist cluireh.
Mr. Leveriiig nnitod with it late iit lil'o, but was a
|iromineiu member of the eon^refjiation, and his
bonse was bcacli|uarters for the denomination. He
<lii'd I'ec. 7, IS-l.'i. 'I'hey bad fonrteen tdiildren,
Kuiieiio being the twelftli, and tlie-JO'ith descendant
of Rosier Levering, lie was born in lialtimore,
.\-pril 24, I SI'.). After spending son](' years in
preparation in private schools in Baltimore, be
went to eoUege, but bis liealtb compelled him to
relin(|nish his intention. At an early age be was
<-onv(0'ted, and united with the l''irst Baptist eluirrb,
<il' whi(di be beeaiae a most useful nn'oilier. Snb-
senpiently he beeame a valued member of the Sev-
entfi Ba[]tist eliiireh, Hiehard Fuller, D.l)., pastor,
of whom be w;is an intimate friend, lie was for
many years the treasurer of the Maryland liaptist
Union .Vssoeiation. 1 le nnirried, Oct. 4, 1S42. Ann,
daughter of Joshua and Mary K. Walker, of Balti-
more, and a deseeiulant of Henry Sater, who eamc
from Fngland in 1709, and through whose liberality
iind ell'orts the first liaptist eliuroh in Maryland
was fcjrmeil, 'I'liey had twelve ebililren, nine (d'
whom are now living. In 1S42 he commenced
business, in partnership with bis brother, Frederick
A., who nnirried Martha K. Johnson, grainlnieee
of the first governor of Maryland. Levering i (Jo.
soon became a leading house in their Imsiness, and
not only established for themselves an enviable
I'epiitation, but also added mueli to the prosperity
of lialtimore. In ISIJi, when the war began, owing
to their extensive trade with the .Southern States,
■where they were nimble to collect their debts, they
were com|ielled to suspend and to compromise with
all their creditors for fifty cents on the dollar. But
near the close of the war, so successful and con-
scientious were they, that they paid the entire ob-
ligation, from which tbey hud been legally released,
with interest, anvounting to nearly §100,01)0. In
18G6, upon the ilcatb ol bis brother, Fui;ene took
into partnoisliip with him his sons William T.,
Eugene, and Joshua. The bouse took a position at
the head of their special traib;, ami has been greatly
instrumental in nniking lialtimore second in im-
portance in their branch of business in the United
States. Mr. Levering died, after an illness of four
months, in June, ls7(). H,, bd't :?30,000 to chari-
table and rcligiiins objects, lie nnnle his tbi-ce
s(ms his e.x.ccutors, and left them in charge of tb(^
business. The present firm, c(unpos(Hl of his sons
William T., Fugcnc, Jcjshna, and Lccniiilas, suc-
ceeded Ihe old firm in tiannary, 1S7.''), upnii the set
tlement of their father's estate. It is ihc lariicst

bouse in their business in RaUimorc, and the third
or fourth in the United Stales. Eugene is presi-
dent of the National liank of Commerce. Following
in flu! footsteps of their fatlnn-s. tlie sons are living
for Christ, being actives in church and ilcnomina-
tional matters, and being also among the largest
contributors to the cause of Christ in the liaptist
denomination North (jr Snuih. Mr. Lcvering's
widow survives him. _Sbc loid her ebildnni — eight
sons, one daughter, and li/iir daughters-in-law — are
all members of the Kiitaw Place liaptist church.
These children are left to testify by their worth of
cbaraider and their noble deeds to the true )U'iiiei-
plrs and exalted re]jntatinn of their |iaieiits.

Levering, Franklin, was bom in liidtimore,
March ',), l!Sll. lie united in early life with the
First 15a|itist church in lialtimore. He removed
to Clark C(j., .Mo., and united with Fox llivcr
church, and organized the iirst Salibatb-schoul in
the county. In IS43 be located at Hannibal, and
entered U|)on mercantile jinrsuits. Ib^ was a sne-
eessful business man, and a /.eulons Christian, given
to bo-pitalitv. Hisbdusr was the home (d' visiting
ministers. He united with the cbnreh in Hannibal,
and was clerk, deacon, and Sabbath-scbool supcr-
I inteiident. 'I'lie last oliieo be held twenty-six years.

He left bis children tb(t heritagi; of an unldem-
ished character, and was held in the highest esteem
as a citizen. He died July 2fi, 187U, and was deeply
mourned in the ebur(di and in the eommunity. His
daily life exemplified the beauty of holiness. "When
dying he was asked if be wanted anything, be
shook li'is bead and replied, "Jesus is coming.''
"When asked if lii^ bad any message to leave, be
said, " Live holy lives."

Levy, Edgar Mortimer, D.D., ^vas born in St.
Mary's, Cla., Nov. 23, lS2i:; was converted when
thirteen years of ago, and united with the I'resby-
teriaii Church. After [lursuing studies I'm' two
years in a private classical sebo'd, he spent three
years in the University of Fennsy Ivania, and studied
tbeoliigy under the late Kev. Albert Barnes; was
licensed to preach in 1843 ; became deeply inter-
ested in the subject of ba|)tism, and after a year (d'
prayerful study, was bajitizeil A|uil 14, 1844, by
Dr. G. 15. Ide, of l'hiladel|diia. In tli(^ autumn of
1844 be was invited to supply the First West I'hila-
delphia cliureb, and soon after became jiasfor.
After fourteen 3-ears of abundant labor he accepted
a call to the South charch, Newark, N. J., where
he remained ten years. In 18C8 he returned to
I'biiadelphia, and became pastor of the liereiui
<duireh, where Ik; still ii'iuains, ami where many
have been gathered into the church nndiM' his
ministrations. He received the degri'C of H.D., in
ISC'), from the university at Lcwisburg. Hr. Levy
has had much to dii with the prosperity of the
Baptist church in West 1 'liiladcdpbia.

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LKVY

090

LEWIS

Levy, Capt. John P., was boin in St. Jlary's,

Ga., July liJ, 18U'J; learned tlio trade of sliip-
carpeiitor, and on eoiiipli^tiiij^ liis aiiprcntieeslii))
sliiiiiied as a .sailor (Jii a IjivcrpcKil |)ackct-, wa.s suoji
laade coiiniiander uf the ve.sscl, and spent a nujnber
of years in seafaring life. At length he returned
to Philadelphia, and estahlished tlie well-known
ship-huildinj;- lirni of Iveaney, Ncafie &. Levy, wliieh
niidertakiiii^ was attended with rapidly inereasiiig
success. In tlic spring of 1855 he was Ijaptized by
his Ijrother, llev. E. ]M. Levy, ]).!)., and united
with the First church. West Philadelphia, of which
his brother was at that time pastor. lie suljse-
(.(uently bccaMiu impressed with tlic necessity of es-
tablisliing another interest in this rajiidly growini;;
section of the city, and united with others in organ-

C'AI'T. JOUN 1'. LEW. f

izing the licrean church. 'I'hc beautiful nieoting-
lio'use ol'this church was secured iiuiinly through his
niunilicent benefactions, and was dedicated freiiof in-
cuMibranco June '2:1, ISliO. As a thank-ollering lor
continued prosperity, be built an attractive parson-
age adjoining the sanctuaiy, and conveyed it to the
church, together with an' annuity of §0(10. Nor
were his benefactions oonlineil to the ehurcli of
whioii lie was a menibor. lie was a man full of
generous impulses, and his wealth was largely
distributed. lie-died at Aiken, S. ('., whither ho
had gone to recruit his feeble health, Dec. liO, bSOT.

Lewis, Rev. Cadwallader, LL.S., an eminent

scholar, and one of the most cloquiMit pulfiit orators
of the South, was born in Spottsylvania (!o., \'a.,
Nov. 5, IS! 1. lie was educated l)y his falluu-. who

conducted a classical school ^nany years at Llan-
gollen, Va., but lini.shed his course of study, which
was a very full one, at the University of Virginia.
In bS.'il he went to Kentucky, and taught school
in Covington. 'J'lie following year he took charge
of the preparatory department of (jeorgetown Col-
lege. In 1S41 he commenced the study of medi-
cine, but his health failed, and he located on a farm
in Franklin ('ounty, wdu;re he has lived until the
present time. During the same year he made a
profession of religion, and united with Buck Kun
liaptist church, near his home. lie was very
soon after licensed to preach, and was ordained in
]S4(;. lie was invited to take [lastoral charge of
the Haptist church at Fraidcfort, but his health
would not admit of his leaving his farm. He took
charge of country and village churches conveni-
ent to his resilience, preacliing one Sunday in the
month to each, and has thus employed himself to
the present tinii!, except when, in consequence of a
crushed liml), he was unable to travel. He occupii'd
the chair of Tlieology in (leorgetown Colh'ge four
years. He is a strong, logical writer, and exercises
u leading inlluonco in the councils of the denomi-
nation in his State.

Lewis, Rev. Charles Casson, son of Horatio
and Detsey Lewis, was born in .'~!tojiington. Conn.,
June 8, 1807 ; became a sea-captain ; conv(^rted in
1842 under the preaching of Itev. J. S. Swan;
joined Third Baptist church in Groton, Conn. ;
began ]ux'ai-hiiig at Key West, Fla., where he
]danted a church and was ordained ; afterwards
settled with the I'ollowing churches : First (Jroton,
Conn. ; Lisbury, Mass. ; Second llopkintoji, L.xeter,
North Kingstown, Block Island, and Lattery Vil-
lage, 11. I. ; and Second North Stonington, Conn.;
from Blo(d'C Island he was elected to the senate of
Rhode Island; was a man of I'ervor and |iower;
died in the pastoral ollice witli the Soconil Baptist
chnr<di of North Stonington, Conn., IMarcli 10,
1804, in his fifty-seventh year.

Lewis, Rev. Daniel D., was bom in Bam-

stabli!, IMass., .July -1, 1777. He was converted in
early life, and joiiu-d the First church in Portland,
Me., then comjiosed of nine members. 'J'hese jier-
sons were full of the grace of Christ, and the churcdi
soon Itccame numerous and widely inlbu;ntial.

Mr. Lewis took charge of tlic church at Ipswich,
Mass., on first entering the ministry. He was
subsequently pastor of the Second cliurcli of Prov-
idence, 1!. I., of tlie clinrch in Fisiikill, N. Y., in
Frankford, Pa., in Wilmington, l>el., and in Pater-
son and Piscataway, N. J. In Piscataway In' spent
years rich in divine blessings, and from it he en-
tered the "general assembly and church of the
first-born," Sept. 25, ISl'.). He delivered his last
sermon on Sunday evening, and died on the' follow-
ini; 'I'ln'sday.

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LEWIS

691

LEWIS

Mr. Lewis was an able preacher, full of the Spirit
and Word of God, and a successful pastor of the
churches for whose welfare he labored. He healed
ciiurch wound.s, built up disciples in the jjlorious
doctrines of grace, led throiiiis of converts to Jesus,
and enjoyed tlie warm affection of ]ary;e numbers.
His memory is precious still in t,hc cliurclics for
whose eternal interests he employed his time and
talents, and his fervent prayers.

Lewis, Rev. Geo. W., was born in Ellisburich,
Jefferson Co., N. Y., April 14, 1822, where lie was
baptized in March, 1833 ; ordained in Lowell, Ind.,
Jan. ]<S, 1806; labored in Indiana, Illinois, and
Iowa; and ))i.'eame [liistor of the Aurora 15aptist
church, Nel)., in 1S78. Mr. Lewis has enjoyed the
divine lih'.'^sinj; in his yiastorates.

Lewis, Hon. Henry Clay, of Ooldwater, Mich.,
was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., May 5, 1820. lie
has resided in Coldwater since 1844, where lie has
lieen ennai:;ed in bnsiness, tir.st as a merchant and
afterwarils as a banlcer. He is )U'esident of the
Coldwater National Bank, and has been mayor of
the city. He lias been a member of tlie Baptist
Cliurch nearly twenty years. He is chiefly kniiwn
as the owner of an art-galler}', wliicii he founded
in 1808, wliicli is open to the public witliout charjre.
It is larj^er than any other art-i^allery on tliis I'on-
tinent. Mr. Lewis takfs ;^reat pleasiirt: in all'iu'ding

nON. IIHNUV II. AV LEWIS.

enjiiyment to olhers, and has made his L'allery, in
its siirroiiriilinj;-s as well as in itself, beaiitiliil and
attractive, and a most important element in the
educational inlluences of the city of (.'uldwater.

Lewis, Prof. John J., A.M., was born in Utica,
N.Y'., Dec. 25, 1843, of Welsh Congrej^ational par-
entage ; entered the grammar school of Jladison
University in 18iJ9; entered Madison University,
and afterwards HamiUon College (Clintun), and
was there graduated in J864; Professor of lielles-
Letlres and Eliieiition in lirooklyu Collegiate and
Polytechnic Institute from 18(14 to 1800. In the
fall of 1806 he removed to Syracuse, and began
preaching in a small mission eha|iel ; was settled
March, 1807, as pastor of First Baptist church,
Syracuse ; was very successful, the increase in si.x-
teen months being over 14l). In 1808 lie became
Professor of Belles-Lettres in Madison Univiirsity,
which jiosition he still retains, to the great satis-
faction of students, alumni, and friends of tlie in-
stitution ; has contributed largely to the press,
many of his articles being founded on his travels
in Japan, Burniah, India, and the Orient.

Lewis, Rev. John W., one of the most distin-
guishiMl Baptist mill i^ters of North Georgia, was born
near Spartanburg, S. C, Feb. 1, 1801. Kducated
at a classical academy near Spartaiiliurg, ho studied
and practised medicine at Greenville, S. C, becom-
ing a skillful and popular physician. He united
with the Baptist churcli of that town. During the
years 1830 and 1831 he was a member of the South
Carolina Legislature. About that time he began
to preach, and was ordained in 1832. He removed
to Canton, Ga., in 183'J or 1840, becoming jiastor
of that and other churches in Cherokee, Ga., and
acquiring a great influence, lie was a preacher of
much force and energy ; a strong and bold defender
of the faith ; an aljle expounder of the Word, and
an eloquent advocate of the truth. A man of fine
practical sense, he had a strong mind, and was a
deep, original thinker. He had a benevolent heart,
and was steadfast in bis friendships. He had ex-
traordinary fiirecast, and managed business matters
with great ability and success. In 18.^7 he was
appointed superintendent of the State road by Gov.
Brown, and his niiinagement was eminently suc-
rcssfnl. During tin' w iir he served in the Congress
of the Confederate Siates, as Senator, with great
ability, and iirevious to the war he served in
the .State senate, and uas instrumental in the es-
tablishment of the Supreme Court of Georgia. His
idiaracter stood extraordinarily high in (Georgia.
A man of firm faith, detfji piety, and unabated zeal,
he won many souls to Jesus. After a life of great
usefulness, he died in Cherokee County, in June,
180.'"i.

Lewis, Rev. Lester, was born in Snffield,
Conn., Oct. 1,"), Isi7; l,;ipiizfd by llev. Henry
Jackson, I). r».. and united with First liaptist chnrcli
in Hartford, Fi'b. II, 18.38; studi.'d in Connecticut
Literary Institution ; ordained pastor of the cliiirrh
in Agawam,.Miiss., Get. 7, IS40; in 1.S40 began tu

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092

LfcinsnuRG

labcji- lor (Jonnecticiit Baptist State Cunvoiitioii, but
soon settlt'd witli the cliiiruli- in 15rislol ; in ISi3
became pastor of the church in iMiddlctovvn, where,
after great success, he died, Felj. 7, 1858 ; lar^e-
lieartod, sound in tliu faith, a clear and forcilile
preacher, fervent in prayer, and beloved by all
who Icucw him.

Lewisburg-, Pa., the University at. — In the
year 1S45, sDine intellii;ent liaptists uf the North-
uniborlaud Association saw the need of hij^ber edu-
cation fur their sons and daui;hters, under the
relii^ious auspices of their own deuoaiination.
Their perception of this need at first. tO(dc form in
ji plan for a iirst-class academy. The natural
boauty, healthful u(^ss, and economic advantaL|;i's cd'
the borou;;h of Lewisburj;, in Union (Jo., I'a., nn
tlie AV'est IJraneh of the Susquehanna, and in the
<;eo;^ra)diical centre of the State, determined the
hieation oftbesehnol in tliat village. 'I'hrough the
Uev. Kui^eniij ICineiiid and the liev. J. I'j. iiradley,
.Stephen \V. 'I'aylor, who bad recently resiijned his
professiirship in iMadiaon University, became en-
listed in the ncnv enterprise. Under the principal-
whip of I'rof Taylor, assisted by his son, Alfred
■j'aylor, A..M., ami I. N. Loomis, A.M., a schocd
was opened in the fall of I84G in the basement of
the 15 iptist ehureh, since destroyed.

I'rof Taylor combined prophetic insight with
lli(! powers of a ran; tca.olior, and .saw in the new
school the gc'rm of a university. Others ap[n'oved
the project of founding at Lewisburg such an in-
stitution as would meet the higher edueatioiuil de-
nuinds of the whole State. A charter incorporating
" The University at Lewisburg, Pa.," was approved
on the Sth day of February, 18-lG, with the follow-
ing trustees: -James Moore, James Moore, Jr.,
Jiise|di Meireell, 'William 11. Ludwig, S;imnel
Wolfe, Levi 1'.. Christ, Henry Funk, Joel !•',. lir.il-
ley, Eugenie Kincaid, IJenJainin IJe.-ir, William
W. Keen, William IJneknrll, 'fboinas Wattson,
James M. Linnard, Lewis Vastine, Oliver lllae'c-
burn, Caleb L(H'., Daniel L. Jloore.

It was provided in thocha,rter that ground sin mid
be pundiased and buildings er(!eted when $!()(), 001)
liad iK^en raised, that a fourth part sliouKl be per-
manently invested in a productive form, that the
property should not be mortgagial or deljt incurred
under any )n-ete.\t whatever, that no misnomer
should defeat or annul a grant or bequest, and that
ten acres of ground with impruvernents should be
excnnpt from taxation. The management was
counnitted to two boards: 1st, a board of trustees,
not to exceed twenty nunnbers, all of :vhom must
be Haptists; and, l2d, a board of curators, not to
exceed forty members, the majority of whom must
bo Baptists. Both boards are self-perpetuating,

The subscription of.'?IOII,000 was declared to be se-
cured on the 17th day of .July, bSt'.t, through the ef-

forts of Drs. Eugenio Kincaid and William Shitdrach,
who traversed the State soliijiting funds. Previous
to this a tract of land to the south of the borough of
Lewisljurg, including a fine bill of nearly a hundred
feet elevation, covered with a beautiful natural
grove, iind comnmnding extended views over river
anil valley, had liei'ii secured for the uiiiversitj'. In
184S an academy Iniilding was begun and nearly
completed. In January, 1849, the trustecvs feltjiisti-
lied in electing professors for the college, and in
eoinmeneing a college building. Two graduates
of Madison University, the Uev. O. W. Anderson,
A.M., editor of the Clnisliim C/iruiiide, of Phila-
delphia, and the l!ev. (i. U. Bliss, o( Nc.v,' Bruiis-
wiek, N. J., were appoitiled, respi>ctivily, to the
chairs of Latin and (Ireek. Both soon afterwards
began their labors, the students of the academy
and the college, consisting of both sexes, reciting
tog('tlier in the academy building. Prof. Taylor still
acting as principal.

In l.sr>l tlio west wing of the college building
was completed, and thecollege students moved into
dormitories and studies regarded at the tinn; as
" unsurpassed in pleasantness by those of any in-
stitution." In the spring of this year I'rof Taylor
resigned his position to accept the jiresidency of
Madison University, but remained to jiresidc^ at the
first Comtnencement, August 20, 18.01, when a class
of seven w;is graduateil in the chapel of the acad-
emy. It is but just to the memory of this good
man and great teacher to quote the words of a co-
worker who knew him well: "AVithout him it is
almost certain that our university would never have
existi'd, and existing in an essential measure by his
agency, it is well for us that that agency was not
oul}' earnest, benevolent, labori(Uis, and ))ious, but
also in the main jiulieions and beneficial."

The Rev. Howard Malcom, |).l».,of I'liiladelphia,
an alumnus of Princetmi, and ex-president of
Georgetown College, had been chosen president of
the university, and (Jharles S. James, A.iM., a
gr.aduato of Brown, atid Alfred 'I'aylur, A.M., a
gradiniti^ of MailisiJU, were added to the faculty of
thocidlege, the foririer as l'r(jressor of Mathennitics
and Natural Philosophy, aial the latter as Professor
of Belhis-Bettres. AVith these additions began the
collegiate year 1851-52. The college now became
adistinct department of the university, the academy
lieeame gradually a preparatory school for boys
only, while, in 1852, the '" Uruversity Female In-
stituti:" became a separati; dep;irtmeut. .V theo-
logical department was added in l.S5."i. From this
point, therefore, we nmy consider the departments
separately.

THE COLbEGE.

The presidi'ney of Ur, Maleom continueil from
1.S5I to 1857, during wineli the college building w;is
completed, consisting of a main btiilding HO fuel

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LK ins BURG

square, of thix'c stories, for recitation-rooms, cliapcl,
society halls, library, cabinet, and Coiniiicnceiiierit
Hall, anil two winj^s, eaeli 120 feet long and 30 feet
wide, of four stories, for students' study-rooms and
duniiitorii's. In 1852 tliesuni of !?4j,0Ul) was added
to the funds by a few friends without a j^eneral
canvass. ^Vbuut §20,000 wore received from lands
.sold IVtim the original cam|ius, leaving linally about
tweuty-si.x uere.s as university grounds.

Thus established, the college began a work of
inoaluulable value to the intellectual and spiritual
progress of the dcnaminalion in Pennsylvania. On
the resignation of President iMalconi, in IS.OT, the
]iev. Justin U. Looiiiis, Ph.D., who had been called
from \Vaterville, .Me., in Ls54, to lill the chair
of Natural Sciences, succeeded him as president.
I)iiring twenty-live years I'resident Loomis devoted
his best energies' to the work of building up the
college, and establishing the youth who came under
his moulding hand in the principles of a deep
Christian philosophy. The invasion of Pennsyl-
vania by Lee's army, in 18Co, caused the closing
of the college duririg a campaign of six weeks,
ollicers an<l students uniting to form Company A
of the 2Sth Regiment of Pa. Vols. A memorial
tablet in Commencement Hall commemorates the
names of those who fell in the war fur the Union.
In 18(14, President Loomis increased the funds of
the university by eolleoting subscriptions amounting
■ to §100,000. In IS7IJ an attemjit was nnide to se-
cure additional (rndowmont, liut owing to other
interests in the Held the effort was abandoned after
about §20,000 biid been promised, mo.stly in private
subscription.s iifl'ered by a few liberal frienils.

In 1S711, President Loomis resigned the presi-
dency, and Prc/f. David J. Hill, A..M., a graduate
of the. college, ami at the ciine of his appointment
Crozer Professor of Ilhetorie, was chosen president
of the university, a position which he still occupies.

The following were presidents and acting presi-
dents from tin; foundation of the college to the

year ISSO:

I'RE.SrDENTS.
Eluctod. Ilcsif^noil.

1S61. Itev. Ilownril Malcom, D I),, LL.D 1S57

18,'.7. liuv. '.lusliii U Loomis, I'li.D., LL.D 1S79

1S7'J. Ilev. D.ivkl J. Hill, A..M.

ACTINU PRESIDEr^TS.

Stf|iliDn W. Tiiylor, LL.ll., prior to IS.Ol.

Kev. IJi'o. It Jlliss, D.I)., LL.D, , lining 1871-72.

Ituv. Fiiiiii-is W. Tii.sllii, IMi.D., foibi.K juoiillis in 1879.

The university has an endowment of $121,000,
and property worlli §117,000, and an eftbrt is now
started by which its einlowmcnt is certain to be
greatly increased. 'J'he institution lata no debts.

The college is now in jiossession of a fine librai'y
of iieaily 10,000 volumes, a museum (jf about
10,000 spcuimons for the illustration of the science.s,
II chemical laboratory and apjiaratiis. 'i'here are

two flourishing literary societies with libraries of
their own. They publish a monthly journal called
The Cullcgc Hciahl. 'I'here is also a " Society for
MiM'al and Religious liupiiry." There are two
prizes for pre]iaratiuu I'm' college and one for ex-
cellence in oratory in the Junior year. Tuition is
free to the sons of ministers. The expenses range
from §12.'') to §2.00 pm- annum.

The eoursi.'S of study have expanded greatly since
the opening of the college, as shown in compara-
tive tables published in '"A Historical Sketch ol
the University at Lewisburg," edited by 0. AV.
Spratt, LL.15., in ]iS70, and printed by the Society
of Alumni. There are now two courses leading to
a degree : (1) The classical course, of foin- years,
leading to the degree of A. 15., and (2) the Latin
scientilie course, leading to the degree of S.R. liuth
courses have been Inought up to the stamlard of
the best Eastern colleges, and have recently given
some scope to the optional element. Anglo-Saxon,
Ameii<'an literature, comparative zoiilogy, analyt-
ical ehemisti'}', and constitutional law have been
added to both courses. A good collection of en-
gravings, heliotypes, and casts has stimulated the
study of the fine arts, and illustrated lecturesj are
given to the Senior class. Lectures on (Jrecian
history, life, and literature; Roman history, life,
and literature; mediicval history; English history
and literature; the bistoi'y of philosophy; natural
theology ; and the evidences of Christianity are
regularly delivered. The introduction of a short
course of lectures on practical ethics and liygiene
for the Freshman class is believed to be distinctively
peculiar to this college. The government is thus
based on ethical ideas, and so far has ])roved that
an appeal to manhood devcdojis it and secures self-
government.

The graduates of the college number 322. Hon-
orary degrees have lieeu bestowed as follows:
LL.D., ]2; D.D., 30 ; I'h.D., 10; A.^AL, 52.

Since 1S5I, when tin; first class was graduated,
impiirtant changes bearing upon the |)ro.sperity of
the college have gradually taken jilace. The Phil-
adelphia and Erie Railroad runs within one mile
of Lewisburg, and the Lewisburg and Tyrone Rail-
road passes through it. The town is lighted with
gas, and contains several miles of well-iJiived side-
walks. A new church edifice, costing nearly
$60,000, has been built by the Baptists. The
natural beauty of the place has been enhanced by
these improvements, yet it remains a quiet, ujoral,
and rural retreat admiiably adapted to the seclusion
which thorough study demands for the young.

THE INSTITUTE.

This department of the university began its sep-
arate organization as a scho(d in bS.')2, uniler the
principalship of Miss Iladassah E. Scribuer, of

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LIBEL' I A

Maiim, wlio retained liei- position for two years.
In lHi)4 two young ladies, tliu first class of tlie in-
Blitiite, wore f^raiiuated. At this time all tlie teach-
ers resiij;ned, and iMiss Amanda Taylor, ul'Kastiin,
I'a., with a new corps of assistants, undertook the
work. Strong prejudices existed in the coinniunity
against the liberal education of NWinien. hut this
was gradually overcome liy persistent ell'mt, and in
I85S lifii'cn yonng ladies were graduated in the
presence of an amJience of 1501) people. ISinee
then classes ranging from ton to twenty have heen
gradinited every year. In 1857 six acres of a
beiiiitifnl grove were approjiriated for a suitable
building on the university grounds. The building
is pleasantly and healthfully located, warmed with
furiuiees, and lighted with gas, and it will accom-
modate ninety boarders. In ISfiO a wing was
added, at the cost of $10,000, containing rooms for
students and a large gymntisium, which has been
suitably titted np.

In ISGj, Miss Taylor resigned, and was suc-
ceeded by Miss Lucy W. llnndell, of Alden, N. Y.
She continiK'd her work ably until 180'J, when she
was succecilcd by IMiss Harriet E. Spratt, daughter
of the Ilev. CJeo. IM. Spratt, D.I->,, and a graduate
of the institute. This rare Christian wonum had
already s|)ent I'ourteen years in the school as a
teacher. She continued as principal until theCom-
niencemcntof 1878. A few months later she ended
a career of extraordinary usefulness by death,
Iniving been made Emeritus lady jn'incipal after
lier resiginition. For twenty-four years her lile
was devoted to the successive classes of young
women that passed through the institute, ami hun-
dreils nujurm'd for her as for a sister.

In 187>>, Jonathan Jones, A.M., was elected prin-
cipal, a positiun which he now holds. The institute
is provided with an able cor)is of instructors, who
live in the institute building and nmke it a school
home. There are live courses of study, ranging
from a pie|iai'atory English course to a full classical
collegiate course. The young ladies recite in their
own building, apart from the young gentlemen, but
iittend the Icetui-es of the college, enjoy the u.so of
the library and museum, iuid witness the 0X|ieri-
luents of the professor of tmtural sciences. There
are excellent advantages for instruction in music,
drawing, cniyoning, .and painting. The graduates
number '2'J,>.

THE ACADE.Mr.

When, in 1849, the college emerged into a dis-
tinct departmetit of the university, the academy
-was intrusted to the prinei|>alship of Isaac; N.
Loouiis, A.M., sharing the rmw academy building
with the college. This arrangement continued
until the college building was completed, II. D.
Walker, A.M., snceeeding Pi'iin;ipal Loomia in
1853, and George Yeager, A.M., following in 1857.

Isaac C. Wynn, A.M., became principal in 1859,
and in January, 1800, the academy building being
used then solely for that department, it was iitted
up for a boarding-school for buys aiul young men.
Until 1808 the academy embraced the classical (jre-
paratory classes of the university, but in that year
" The Classical Preparatory Department'' was or-
ganized, with Freenum l,oiimis, A.M., as ]jrineipal,
the ai.'ademy being ccndined to English branches
onlv. This arrangenu'iit eontiinicil, the English
academy having in the mean time a succession of
separate ])rincipals, until 1878, when the depart-
ments were reunited under the prineipalship of
William E. Martin, A.l\l. " The (JIassical I'repar-
;itoi'y Deparlno'ut,'" from 1808 to 1878, was esta))-
lished in the west wing of the college building.

The aea<lemy, as reorganized in 1878, is a thor-
ough English and classical school, designed to pre-
pare young men for college, for business, or for
teaching in the conunon schools. The students
have access to the ocdiege library and reading-room.
AVheri prepared they are adnjitteil to the colU'ge
U|)on the certificate of the prinei)ial, without e.sum-
inatioii. Special attention is given to English ami
commeroial branches. Many improvements have
been iiuide in the building, rendering it a ])leasant
home for 1jo3's. Students of small means are al-
lowed to board in clubs, which reduces their e.\-
jjenses considerably.

THE TIIEOLOOICAI, DEPARTMENT.

'['he charter of the univi'rsity permits the estab-
lishment of any professional school liy the ciu'po-
ration. A school of theology, however, is the oidy
dejiartment of this kind so far attempted. This
was opened in 1855 under the charge of Thomas
F. Curtis, IJ.I)., and contiuueil during thirteen
years. On tln^ resiginition of Prof Curtis, in 1805,
tho school was reorganized, with Lemuel Moss,
D.D., as Professor of Theology, ami Lucius E.
Smith, D.I)., as Professor of Sacred llhetoric and
Pastoral Theology, (ieo. K, liliss, D.D., being con-
tinued as Professor of Biblical Interpretation. In
1808 the department was removed to Upland, Pa.,
and reorganized by the family <if the late John P.
C'rozer as '' The Crozer Theological Semiiuiry,"
under a new corporation, but still ridaining a close
coujiection with the university at Lewisburg, whose
gradinites supply 'its flasses in a large measure.
AVhile at Lewisburg the department enrolled 38
graduates. These have been received and enrolled
among the alumni_of the Crozer Seminary.

Liberia. — 'I'he |ieoplc of Ijibeiia are of the
.\friean race, by the way of the United States.
They are very enter|U'ising, and there is reason to
believe that the providence of God designs to ac-
complish great spii'itual good for the country of
their fathers through their instrumentality. There

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LIliEUTY

are 120 liiiptist cliui-clic'>i in tlie republic with a. lufiii-
bersliip of aljout liOUd. At tlie last meeting; of " Tlio
ljil)oria Kaptist AHSociiitiori," in Duoeiuljor, IHT'.I,
a cdn.sitlcralilo ainoiiiit of priiM|)i;i-ity ajiioni; the
clmroht's was i-cpui'tcd. 'I'hc PruviJcjnce olini-eli in
Monrovia had receivod fili by baptism, tlio Arthini;-
toy ohur(d) 24, and the Kirst church in Kdina ll'J ;
-I'i bajitisnis wn-i! reported I'or tlie year.

At the annual meeting of the Liberia Baptist
Associiition the members agreed to form another
Association and a national organization.

Liberty, American Relig^ious. — Mnch Ims
been said and written about the originator of our
religious freedoin. Sumo have zealously claiiricd
LiH-il Baltimnre as its author. 'I'his nobleman was
a Itoinan Catholic, and on that account a largo
amount of very clear evidence is necessary to estal)-
lisii his right lo this hotior. lie was a talented
man, with numy of the ([ualities id' a statesnnin.
lie knew that tliu English |icopie in ]G33, when
ills tirst settlera left their country for tin; New
World, would never tolerate a colony in the IJritish
doitiinions where the Protestant ndigion Wiis c.\-
(duded, and, as a matter of absolute necessity, he
had to permit its e.Kistence in JMaryland. lie
deserved )io ere. lit for showing comnuin sense.
Ilis lirst settlers were I'atlndies, and to them his
(■olony appealed lor recruits; and nothing in the
history of Maryland shows him to lie air unsellish
fri<'iul of religious liberty. He simply apjiears as
a yielding statesuniu betuling to the necessities of
the tinn^s.

•lolni Leeds Hoznnin's "History of Maryland"
"was published liy the General Assembly id' that
State in 1S37. It is derived largely from " the
written nu'inorials which then existed in the public
archives of the State," to which the author had free
access, and it bears the authority of the government
of Maryland. In lii.'M), Bozuian says, "A very
short liill was introdueeil into the house (the IjCgis-
lature), entitled 'An act for church liberties,' and
was expressed nearly in the following words:
^Iliilil Chunk within this province shall have all
her rights, liberties, and immunities safe, whole,
and inviolable in all things.' When we reflect oti
the original causi's of their emigration (the col-
onists of .Marylaml), we cannot but suppose that it
was the intention of those in whose hands the gov-
ernment of the provini-e was, a majority of whom
were without doubt (.'atlndics, as well as much the
gr(!ater number of the cjlonists, to erect a hier-
archy, with an ecclesiastical jurisdiction similar to
the ancient I'luindi of Kngland hejhfi: tin'. lii-I'mtiia-
tiini."* "Ilidy Church" is the Catlndii; <'hurch,
and this was but the entm-ing wedge of a Ivomish
persecuting religious c^tabli^hlnent.

« Ilistury of Miil.vliiri.l, li. 107-9.

Another l)ill of the same session provided, that
"eating flesh in time of Lent, or on other days,
AV'ednesdays excepted, wherein it is prohibited hy
the law of I'higland, without case of infirmity, to be'
allowed liy the judge ; and the ull'ender shall for-
feit to the lord proprietary live pounds of tobacco,
or one shilling sterling, for every such ofTence."!
'fills is liberty of ccnisciinice at the expense (d' a
shilling, (U- live jiunnds of tobacco, fur each indul-
gence in sin-h fn.'eduni. in Ili-K), liozman says,
" TUiiJlr.-it of the ai:l^ passed at this session, entitled
' An act for church lilierty,' is nearly i,'(.7'/)a/i«( the
same as the first section of tin; s(;c(nid act of the
preceding session;"]: that is, that "Holy Church
within this province shall have ;ill her rights, liber-
ties, and immunities safe, whoh', ami inviolable in
all things;" and the Catholics of .Maryland would
probabi}' have given force to their law, ami erected
a pcr.secuting ]jopish established church in their
colony, if they hail not heard the commencing
thunder that roared with such fury a little later at
Marston Moor and Naseliy. 'I'lieir church act was
the second of the preceding Legislatui'e, and the
first of this, showing their great earnestness on the
subject.

Cromwell wrought wonders in England; the
Church was completely overthrown, Satan was
as popular in Great Britain as a Catholic, and
Lord Baltimore, certain to lose his province un-
less he suited his sails to the fierce hurricane
then raging, at once a|ipointed a Protestant gov-
ernor (Stone) instead id' Gov, Greene, a ('atholic ;
iio also aiipointed a Protestant secretary of the
province and a Protestant nnijority in the coiiinyil.
Bozunin, s|>eaking of the change, says, " In this
measure of liis lordship we discern (lie commcncc-
meiit of that general toleration of all sects of re-
ligion which pi'evailed under the early provincial
government of Maryland. ''J Xo principle of fed-
eration required 15altiniore to place Protestants at
the head of iiis government. He certainlj^ did not
love Protestantism at this very tinui, for he required
Gov. Stone to take the following as ti part of his
official oath: '"And I do further swear that 1 will
not, by myself nor any person directly or indirectly,
trouble, molest, or discountenance any person what-
soever in the said province professing to believe m
Jesus Christ, uiid in pttrtiridar iiu I'viitan (.'alholii:
fcr iir ill respect (if his or her religiuii, nor in his
ur her free exercise titereof tvit/iin the said prov-
/;ice."|| A councillor had to take the same oath.
It certaiidy was not luvc for the men or tlieir re-
ligion that led ISaltineirc lo make his new appoint-
ments. It was "an i.-nlighti-ncd measure of slate
)iiilicy'' to save his )iroviiicc from (Iromwell.

^\'itll this change in tin; rulers of Marylaml his

I lilcln, l:i7.

X Mill", 174.

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697

LlIiKRTY

lordship |)i-o|josed, a.\\A liis Le^ishuuri! oiuu'tcci, a
law with tho followini^ clauses in it ; " AVIuitsooviM'"'
person or persons within (his jiruvinro and the
ishmds thereunto belonging shall I'rdni heneeforth
blasphoiue God, that is, curse him, or shall t/t/iy
uar Snciour Jesn.^ Chriat to be ^hc Son of Gud, or
shall di'iiy tin' ILili/ 'I'rhiihj, tlie Fnlhc'r, Sun, ami
Holy Gliost, or llie (iodhead cd'aiiy iif the: said three
p(n'sons of the 'I'l-inity, or the unity of tho (Jodhead,
or shall use or utter any reproaidiful speeelies,
words, or language concerning the Holy Trinity,
or any of the said three persons thereof, shall he
punished with death and confiscation or foi-foitnre
of all his or her land and goods to the lord pro-
prietary and his heirs." " Whatsoever jierson or
persons shall Iruai henceforth use or utter anij
reproachful ivords or speeches coiiceriiiiuj the blessed
Virgin Mary, the mother of our Saviour, or the holy
apostles or evangelists, or any of them, shall in
such ease for the first ofl'ence forfeit to the said lord
proprietary, and his heirs lords proprietaries of
this province, the sum of £o sterling, or the value
thereof, to ))e levied on the goods and chattels of
every such person so otfemling ; but in case such
offender or olfenders shall not then have goods and
chattels sufficient for the satisfying of such forfeit-
ure, or that tlie same be not otherwise speedily satis-
fied, then such olleuder or ollenders shall be publicly
whipped, and be imprisoned durimj the pleasure of
the lord proprietary, or tho lieutenant or chief gov-
ernor of this provinix'.'' For the second offense
the fine is XI 0, or a public and severe whippiny,
and imprisonment as for the first. For the third
offense, the J'orjeitnre of all lands and yoods, and
expulsion from Ike proinnce. A subsequent part of
tlie same lavi says, " Except as in the art is before
declared and selj'orth, no person or persons what-
soever within this ]iroviiiee, or the islands, ports,
harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging,
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from
henceforth be anyways troubled, molested, or dis-
countenanced fur or in respect of his or her religion,
nor in the free e.\ercise thereof within this provinc(!,
or the islands thereunto belonging, nor any way
compelled to the belief or exercise of any other re-
ligion against his or her consent." The iienalt}'
for breaking this enactment is " treble damages to
the party wronged," and a fine of 20.?. ; and in
case of failure to pay the fine, a severe public
whipping, and imprisonment at the jileasure of
the proprietary or his governor. This is the cele-
brated toleration law of Lord lialtiiiKjre for which
liis liberality has been lauded extravagantly, and
for which Catholics have been reju-esented as the
first founders of religious liberty on this continent.
The act was passe<l in the end of April, IG-I'j, and
Charles I. was executed three months before. This

* llibtury of Marj'luiicl, 002, OO:), note.

event, and the motives that prompted it, and the
men whom they governed, account wholly for Tjord
Baltimore's liberidity. 'I'he toleration was partial
and poor. I'hose who denied the Trinity — all Jews,
I'nic'iriaiis, ami Arians — were condemned to death.
Tho gallows was the liberty it gave them. Respect
for the Virgin iMary was encouraged by fines and
whippings, and, in obstinate cases, by tlu! loss of
all property, and by exile. 'I'here was, indeed,
some lilierty in this law, accompanied b}' cruel
and wicked limitations ; and for this liberty no
thanks are due to Lord Baltimore or his Maryland
Catholics.

Bozman, in another workf published in 1811,
truly says, '" In most of the States the |)enalties of
the common law in matters of religion still subsist.
The bloody statutes also of some of tiiem only sleep.
Not being repealed, they are liable to be called up
into action at any moment when either superstition
or fanaticism shall perceive a convenient time for
it. IV/iat Jew, Socinian, or Deist, pussessiiuj a
sound mind, would venture, in the Slate of Maryland
for instance, to open his lips in defence of his own
reliyion'?'' Even in ISll the statute book of Mary-
land contained cruel, persecuting enactments ; and
only by assorting what is flagrantly untrue can the
Baptist State be robbed of her just glory to bestow
it upon the founder of Maryland, or upon his colony.

The " Colonial Kecords of Uhodo l.sland" were
published by order of the Legislature in 185G, and
in them we learn that Roger Williams landed on
the site of Providence in the month of May or
early in June, ItiStJ, and that he and his friends
on their '' first coming thither did make an order
that no man should be mulesteil for his conscience,"
even though he was an Israelite, a Unitarian, or
an infidel. And a woman had her religious free-
dom protected by the same law. In August, 103G,
the celebrated compact was entered into and signed
at Proviilence, by wliieli its people "subjected
themselves in active ami ))assive obedience to all
such orders or agreements as shall be made for
public gooil of the body in an orderly way, by the
major consent of the present inhabitants, masters
of families, incorporated together in a Town fel-
lowship, and others whom they shall admit unto
theni, in civil tilings only." No laws for favoring
or prohibiting any form of religion were to be en-
acted. On the 21st of May, 1637, Joshua Verin
was sentenced to lose the right of voting " for re-
straining the liberty of eonseienee" of his wife.f
<_)n the 27th of May, IC lO, among certain proposals
agreed upon at I'rovideiico to form a goveriniieiit)
these words are found: " AVe agree, as formerly

t A Sketch of tho liiHtory of BlEirylaml, dm-iiig tho Throo Firat
Yoara aftiT its Solllemont, p. :i"l. ll.ilthnurc^, 1811,

J Culuiiial Uecoiild i»f Uliudo lehiijiJ, |irintcd \iy unier of tho Log-
ishitiirc, i. Ill, 14, 10. 1860.

46

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LIBERTY

698

LIBERTY

have licen the liberties of tiie' town, so still, to hold
forth lilKirty of conscience."*

'I'lie lirst cliiirtei- of Khode Island was signed
IMiuvh 14, 104.1, and adopted in the colony in May,
UU7. Arnold, in his "History of Khode Island,"
truly says, '" The ii.se of the word cipil is every-
wliui-e ]irclix<'d (in the charter) to the tiM-ins ' f,""iv-
crnnient' <jr ' laws' wherever they occur ... to
restrict the operation of the charter to purely pcjliti-
cal concerns. In this aiiparent restriction thia-o lay
concealed a boon of freedom .such as man had never
known hefore. They (Rhode Islanders) held them-
selves accountable to Uod alone for their religious
creed, and no eartlily power couhl bestow on them
aright which they held from lieavon. . . . At their
own request their powers were limited to civil mat-
tersj'] The first instrument of government in the
world's history disavowing all right to make laws
for or against religion, and thereby giving the
widest religious liberty, was adopted in Rhode
Island two years before Lord Ualtimore's bigoted
toleration act was passed in Maryland. Aftin-
making a code of laws for the civil iiffairs of the
colony occur these striking words : " 'J'hese are the
laws that concern all men, and these are the penal-
ties for the transgression thereof, whicli by com-
mon consent are ratified throughout the whole
colony; and otherwise than thus what is herein
forbidden [non-reUgious crimes <inhj), all men may
walk as their consciences persuade them, every one
in the name of his (Jlod. And let the saints of the
Most High walk in, this colony, without molesta-
tion, in the name of Jehovah their' Ood, lor ever
and ever, "J etc.

Roger Williams gives a striking view of liberty
of conscience in his h;tter to tlietown of Providence
in 1054. "It hath (alien out," says he, "sometimes
that both Papists and Protestants, Jews and Turks,
may be embarked in one ship, upon which su]>
posal I affirm that all tin; liberty of conscience that
I ever pleaded fin' turns upon these two hinges:
that none of the Papists, Protestants, Jews or
Turks, be forced to come to tlic ship's pra3'crs or
worship, nor compelled from their own particular
prayers, if they practise any."§ In the charter of
1603, inspired by their convictions and their Bap-
tist agent in London, it is written, " jVo person
within the said colony, at any tiirie hereafter, shall
be anywise molested, punished, disquieted, or called
in question fiu' any dili'erencc of oiiinioa in matters
of religion. "II Kven the Quakers, as may be seen
in " Laws agreed upon in J'higland by the Governor
of Pennsylvaiiia (\ViUiaui Penii) and iHvers Free-
men thereof," restrict their legal toleration to "all
persons who confess and acknowledge the one

* ColuliiiU Kecurda of Itliuilo IsliiuJ, i. 28.

t Ilistury of liliodo IbIuuiI, i. 20U. | Wcm, 201,

^ IJunl, 25S. II I.iijiii, 202.

almighty and eternal God to be the creator, up-
holder, and ruler of the world."** 'I'ho I5a|>tists of '
Khode Island had no laws upon religion, the greatest I
infidel of the human race carried no hyal stigma |
in that colony for his opinions from its first set- ;
tiement liy our l'i<i|itist fathers; it had the only I

ier(' religion was en- i

'Ovi;rnm(;nt in th

rid

tirely free. Maryland's mean toleration was not 1
freedom of conscience, except for certain classes,
and poor as it was, llliodo Island gave full liberty .
thirteen years sooner. In 17S9, Washington, at i
the request of the Virginia Baptists, recommended '
to Congress that amendment to our national Con-
stitution which says, " Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or pro
hibiting the free exercise thereof." It was through
their inlluenco that grand article w.'is added to our
great instrument of government. ft I'he religious
liberties of our country were first establislied in
Rhode Island by oiir Baptist fathers, and only
through Baptist channels have the nations of the
earth learned soul freedom.

Liberty of Conscience among the English
Baptists before the Publication of "The
Bloudy Tenent" of Roger Williams.— In 15,s9,
as C'rosby states, Dr. .Some, a man of great reputa-
tion in Englanil, wrote a work against certain
prominent Puritans, whom he compares in some
things to the Anabaptists. In his book he repre-
sents the Anabaptists as holding, among their doc-
trines, that ministers of the gos[iel ought to be
maintained by the voluntary contributions of the
people, and that the civil power has no right to
make and impose ecclesiastical laws, T'his is the
great Baptist doctrine of soul liberty, the proclama-
tion of which about fifty years later has given un-
dying fame to the illustrious founder of Rhode
Island. Those men in demanding that religion
should be completely delivered from state patron-
age and persecution were the successors of a line
of Baptists who claimed the same privileges in
every Christian age up to tho Teacher of Galilee.
Leonard Bushcr, a citizen of London and a Baptist,
presented to James I. and to Parliament his "Re-
ligious Peace, or a Plea for Liljerty of Conscience,"
and published it in pamphlet form in 1614. The
work of Mr. Bushcr is both able and eloquent,
and, considering his times, one of the most remark-
able productions ever printed. He says, — •

"Kings and magistrates are to rule temporal
alFairs by the swords of their temporal kingdoms,
and bishojjs and ministers are to rule spiritual
allairs by the Word and Spirit of Ood, Iho sword of
Christ's spiritual kingdom, and not to intermeddle

** Minnti?s of ProvincinI Council of Pcnrisylvuniii, p. 41. Pub-
lisliwl liy Ihu .Statu, IMiilioli-Iplii^i, lsi2.

ft C'.illictu t'8 IlapliBtd uuJ llio ,\uicrican Kuvulutiuu, pp. ^7-111,
PliiluJolpliiu, 1.S70.

t SilARYl

«i}n

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- f-

LIBERTY

699

LIBERTY

ono with another's authority, oiEoe, and function."
AL'iiiii, " All those bishops that force princes and
j)Co|i!e to recoivo their faith and discipline liy per-
secution do, witli Judas, i;o against Christ in his
monibors, witli swords, staves, and halberds, who,
seeini; Ood's Word will not help them, betake
thciusclvi'S with all haste and hazard unto the au-
thority of the king and magistrate." Again, " It
is not only unuiercifiil, but unnatural and aboiui-
nablo, yea, inonstnais, for one Christian to vex and
destroy another for diflerenee and questions of re-
ligion." Again, " Neither suU'er the bishops with
|iersocutioii to defend their faith and church against
their adversaries. If they have not anything from
Cod's AVord against us, let theni yield and submit
thcm.selves. If they think they have anything
against us, let them betake themselves <inly to
Ood's Word, both in word anil writing." Again,
"By persecution are the Jews, Turks, and Pagans
occasioned and encouraged to persecute likewise all
such us ))reach and teach Christ in their dominions;
for if Christian kings and magistrates will not suf-
fer Christians to priNicli, and |ircach the gospel of
Christ freely and peaceably in their dominions, how
could you expect it of the inlidels? . . . And the
king and Parliament nuiy please to permit (liberty
to) ALL SORTS OF Christians ; yea, (to) Jews, Turks,
AND Pagans, so long as they are peaceable and no
malefactors, as is above mentioned." This is the
true liberty for which our denomination has al-
ways contended, — liberty of conscience for all man-
kind. Musher says, "Persecution f(jr di(I'ei-ern:c in
religion is a monstrous and cruel boast, that de-
stroyeth both prince and people, hindereth the gos-
pel of Christ, and scattereth his disci|des that wit-
ness and profess his name. But permission (liberty)
of conscience in difference of religion saveth both
prince and people ; for it is a meek and gentle
lamb, which not only furthereth and advaneeth
the gospel, but also fostoreth and cherisheth those
that profess it."*' Leonai'il Buslier delivered a noble
testimony for liberty and truth.

His work was speedily followed by another
treatise on the same subject, entitled " I'erNCcution
for Religion Judged and Condemned." It was pub-
lished in 1G15 "by Christ's unworthy witnesses,
his nuijosty's faithful sulijects, commonly, but
falsely, called Analniptists." No writer in the
nineteenth century, in Europe or America, has a
clearer conception of religious liherty than the
author of this book. lie says, "The power and
authority of the king are earthly, and God hath
commanded me to submit to all ordinances of man,
and therefore I have faith to submit to what or-
dinance of man soever the king commands; if it be
a human ordinance, and not against the )nanifest

* " Rolisioua Pcii'jo," in Truuls on Lilierty of OniiHciencc, Iliinsunl
KnuUja Society, lip. 23, 21, 2.0, 3li, 41. hunJuli, 1840.

AVordof God, let him require what he will, I must
of conscience obey him with my body, goods, and
all that I have. But my soul, wherewith I am to
worship God, behingeth to another King, whose
kingdom is not of this world, whose people must
come willingly, whose wea]ions are not carnal but
spiritual." Again, "The whole New 'I'estamcnt
throughout, in all the doctrines and practices of
Christ and his disciples, teaches no such thing as
compelling men by )jersecutions to obey the gospel,
but the direct contrary." Again, " I unfeignedly
acknowledge that God luith given to magistrates a
sword to cut olf wicked men, and to reward well-
doers. But this ministry is a worldly ministry,
their sword is a worldly sword, their punishments
cau extend no further than the outward man : they
can but kill the body. And thei-clVn-c this niinistry
and sword arc appointed cjidy to jjunish the breach
of worldly ordinances, which is all that God hath
given to any mortal wan to punish." Again,
" Christ's kingdom is spiritual, his laws are spir-
itual, the transgressions are S]jirilual, the punish-
ment is spiritual, everlasting di^ath of soul, his
sword is spiritual ; no carnal or worldly weapon is
given to the supportation of his kingdom. The
J.iawgivor himself hath commanded that the trans-
gressors of these laws should be let alone until the
harvest, because he known that tlie^' that are now
tares may hereafter come to repentance and become
wheat." Again, " Magistracy is a power of this
world ; the kingdom, power, subjects, and means
of publishing the gospel are not of this world."
Again, " But if I defend (he authority of Christ
Jesus over men's souls, which appertaineth to no
mortal man, then know you that whosoever would
rob him of that honor, which is not of this world,
he will tread them underfoot. Earthly authority
belongeth to earthly kings, but spiritual authority
belongeth to that one spiritual King, who is King
of kings. ... I have showed you Idj the law of
Clirist l/uit your course is must wickeil, to compel
an;/ htj persecution to pa-form unij service to God,
as you pretend."!

The Ainibaptists presented James I. a petition
in 1C20 pleading for liberty of (.'onscience and de-
liverance from persecution, 'i'lie scail Ireedom, so
dear to Haptists in all ages, is conspicuous in this
" Supplication." The writer of this document says,
" The vilencss of persecuting the body of any man,
onl}' for cause of conscience, is against the Word of
God and law of Christ." Again, "Oh, be phuised
to consider, why you should persecute us liir hum-
bly beseeching you, in the W(n'ds of the King of
kings, to give unto (jod the things which are Gud's,
which is to be Lord and Lawgiver to the soul in
that spiritual worship and service which he re-

t Pci-serution for Jloligion .Tudj^ed antl Condt'innL'd. Idem, pp.
107, lUS, 1211, 121, 122, 1:!:J, Ub.

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LIBERTY

700

LIBERTY

quireth. If you will take away this froiri God,
wliat is it that is God's? Far ho it IVom yon to do-
sire to sit in the consoioiioi'S of lauii, to ho lawgiver
and jiidL;o thtiroin. This is aiiticdirist's praotioe,
]iersiia<linj; the kings of the oartli to give him their
power to eoiiiiitd all horoiinto. Yon may make
and mend yonr own laws, and he judge and piin-
ishor of the transgressors thereof, hut you cannot
make or mend Ood's laws, they are perfect already.
You may not add nor diminish, nor lie judge nor
monarch of his church ; that is Christ's right, lie
left neither you nor any mortal man his deputy,
hut only the Holy Ghost, as j'our highness acknowl-
edgeth ; and whosoever errcth from the truth, his
judgment is sot down and the time thereof"* The
author of the " llumhle Suppdication," according
to the famous Roger Williams, ■(• was committed "a
close prisoner to Newgate, liOndon, for the witness
of some truths of Jesus, and having not the use td'
pen and ink, wrote these arguments in milk, in
sheets of paper brought to him by the woman, his
keeper, from a friend in London as tlie stopples of
his niilk-hottlo. In such jiapcr written with milk
nothing will appear; but the way of reading it by
fire being known to this friend who received tlie
papers, ho transcril)od and kept together the papers,
although the author could not correct nor view
what himself had written." From the " llumblo
Supplication" were taken the arguments, which,
being replied to by Mr. Cotton, gave rise to the
work of Mr. AVilliams, and which he has so sig-
niticantly called "The IJloudy 'i'enent of Persecu-
tion Discussed." This theory, so nobly advocated
by English Baptists, so ably defended by the illus-
trious founder of Rhode Island in his celebrated
work, was carried out in jiraetice. by the Baptists
in England. In 1()55, John Biddlo, a Socinian, was
arrestotl on the charge of heresy in London ; his
danger was very great; with his opinions Ba|)tists
had no sympathy; but for his liljorty of conscicneo
they cherished a profound rcganl, and many llap-
tist congregations petitioned Cromwell for his re-
lease. They made common cause with the man
whose life was endangered by an attack u|ion his
rights of conscience. How the theory of Roger
Williams lias been carried out first in Rhode
Island, and now in every State in the Union, all
the world knows.

In 1C44, when "The Bloudy Tenent" was pub-
lished in London, the Baptists were the only advo-
cates of full liberty of conscience on earth, that
year Mr. Jolm Gooilvvin, a Congr('gationalist, came
to their help, 'i'ho Congregalionalists as a body,
in England and America,' were willing to grant
liberty oidy to those "sound ii\ fundamentals."

* All Iliiiiiblo Siiiiplicutiuii to tlio ICiiig'u Mujcsty. IJciii, pp. 192,
230.

t Bljuiiy Ti'iient, pilgo 30, rrcf. 'M, r)!), Loiulon, ISIS.

Daniel Neal, au Independent (Congregationalist),
says, " The Independents phnvded fen- a toleration
so far as to include themselves and the irntier Ana-
baptists, but did not put the controversy on a gen-
eral foot (ing). They W(M-o for ttderating all that
agroeil in the fundamentals of Christianity ; but
when they came to enumerate fundamentals they
wvvi: sadly entangled, as all those must bo who do.
not keo|) the religious and civil rights of mankind
on a se|)arate Ijasis."' Noal writes of his brethroiL
in 1G4"), and from the last sentence we (nuile, he
would have given them a better character as friends
of true liberty if the facts would have permitted
him. The Parliament of Scotland a|i|ioaled to the
legislature of England, and declared their convic-
tion " that the piety and wisdom of the honoralde
houses (of Parliament) will never admit toleration
of any sects or schisms contrary to our Solemn
League and Covenant." This covenant was taken
in England in the end of 1(J43 and in the beginning
of 1G44. Neal says that "at the same time they
appealed to the people, and jjuhlishod a declaration
against toleration of sectaries anil liberty of con-
science, in wdiieh, after having taken notice of
their great services, they observe that there is a
party in England who are endeavoring to supplant,
the true religion by pleading for liberty of con-
science, which, say they, is the nijurisher of all
heresies and schisms. They then declare against
all such notions as are inconsistent with the truth
of religion, and opening a door to licentiousness,
which, to the utmost of their power, they will en-
deavor to oppose; and as they have all entered into-
iine covenant, so to the last man in the kingdom
they will go on in the preservation of it. And how-
ever the Parliament of England may detcrmitie in
point of toleration and liberty of conscience, they
are resolved nut to make the least start, but to live
and die for the glory of God in the entire preserva-
tion of the truth ;" J that is, in suppressing liberty
of conscience. This was the spirit of Proshyteriaiij
Scotland in 104;").

Richard I5axter, the most influential Presh3'terian.
minister in England, as ([uoteil by Crosby, wi'itos,.
" My judgment in that much debated point of
liberty of religion I liave always freely made-
known; I abhor unlimited liberty, or toleration
of all." The Westminster Assembly of Divines,
which framed the creed of all British Presbyte-
rians, Dec. 15, 1645, in response to an a)i|ilieation
of the Congregationalists for a very moderate toler-
ation for thcmsidves, dechircd that " this opened a
perpetual gap for all sects to challenge sued) a
lilierty as their due ; that this liberty was denied
by the churches of New England, and that they
Imvo as just grouml to deny it as they ; that tliis

X Nciil's Iliulnry i.f the rnridms, iii. 214, 21(1. Dulilln, 17.W. See
also Colllor'a EcclcsliUiti. ul llialuij, viii. yijll, 3(ll. l.cwiuli. ISll.

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I,

fJChWS/'J

701

LTLnUIiN

tlcsii-oil furlieariince is a perpetual division in tlie
cliiircli, ami a pci-petual drawina; away from the
cluirclies under the rule ; for upon tlie same pre-
tense tliose wlio scruple infant liaptisni may with-
draw from tlieir ehurehos, and so separate into an-
otiier conifregation. Are tiiese divisions, say they,
jxs lawful as they are inlinite? or nulst we "-ive
that respect to the errors of men's consciences as
to satisfy their scruples by allowance of tiiis liberty
to tiiem ? '\:\\:\l scruple of conscience is no cause of
sejHCration ; nor doth it take off causeless separa-
tion from being schism, which may arise from
errors of conscience as well as i^arnal and corru[,t
n'ason." The Assembly flatly denied the tolera-
tion solicited by the Oongregationalists ; and for
the moment the En^lish jiovernment was ready to
enforce their decisicui. These godly men in the
Assembly and the leading ministers and laymen of
their denomination in London, and in the country
at that time, were fierce enemies of liberty of con-
science. To-day our Presbyterian brethren arc
friends of true liberty, secular and sacred, lint
down to lt;44 the Baptists were the only advocates
of liberty of con.science for all Christians, and a/l
other men on earth, 'i'hey have the honor of being
the lirst preachers of this doctrine, ami of convert-
ing the masses of other denoniinations to this part
of their creed : and they have the glory of founding
llhode Island, the first State on earth where this
doctrine received legal recognition ; ami through
Khode Island the baptists have given this doctrine
a place in the Constitution of the Unite-d Sttites, and
in the legal enactments of every State in the Amer-
ican Union.

License, A Fonn of.— As a Baptist church is
the highest ecclesiastical authority in the demmii-
nation, or in the Sacred Book, upon whnse teach-
ings our churches are built, the church, after hear-
ing a brother exercise his gifts as a preacher, gives
him a license, not to administer baptism and tiic
Lord's Supper, but to proclaim the blessed "-osnel

'111 • 1- ■ n 1 •

ibis license gives him no ministerial standing, and
no position beyond that of a layiaan, except that it
expres.ses the 0|)inion of the church of which he is
a member that he has qualilications for preaching
the gospel. The following form of license has been
used :

" T(i all whom il ma;/ concern. The Baptist
church of Blanktown sends greeting: Our bcdoved
brother, Joshua Smith, a man' of good repute, un-
doubted piety, and .sound knowledge of divine
tilings, after exercising his ministerial gifts in pri-
vate and in public to our entire satisfaction, is
hereby liccnseil to preach the gospel, wherever the
Lord may upcn a door for him. AVc recommend
•liiiii to the favor of our brethren ; and we pray that
the liord may greatly bli,'ss him.

'■ Done at our regular meeting for business, etc."

Ligon, William Claiborne, w;is bom in Prince

Edward Co., Va., Dee. Is, 1796. ]Ie studied at
Golgotha Academy; was converted at eighteen
years, and ordained in ISlif) by Elders P. P.. Smith
and Chiiiton. lie came to JNIissouri in 1841, and
settled near Carrollton. For thirty years he labored
in that part of the State ; was pastor at Lexington,
Dover, Liberty, Richmond, and Carrollton. Jle
gave much time and effort to the establishment of
AVilliam Jewell College, lie was successful as an
evangelist, in Clay, Bay, Lafayette, and Saline
Countie,s. He died in Duver, April 13, 1877.
Lilburn, Maj.-Gen. Robert, was a soldier of •

great daring. 'When the Earl of Derby placed
himself at the head of If.OO horse and foot in Lan-
cashire, Lilburn met liim near AVigan, and with
SOO men routed his forces, thongli they fought
bravely for about an hour. Lilburn killed many
of the enemy, captured between ot^lU and 400 pris-
oners, and lost only 11 men.

In Scotland his military administration was
marked by, a spirit of devout piety, and of great
kindness. The Baptist church id' Hexham, Nortii-
umberland, England, has several allusions to the
general in old letters liolonging to its records; and
one of its letters written to the general is still pre-
served. In this epistle the church writes :

" Honored Sir,— It hath been luatter of great
joy and consolation to our spirits, ever since we
heard of the glorious appearances of the divine
nature in you, which manifests itself tlirough your
love, which you have towanis all saints, and par-
ticularly towards us. We desire to admire the
good hand of our tJod in it, that we, who are less
than the least of saints, should have favor given
us in your eyes, whom God has so highly honored
to set in a place of so great eminency." * They then
proceed to thank him for his great kindness to three
of their brethren,— Edwanl Hickhorngill, Charles
Bond, and Thomas Stackhoiise,— and for his great
love to their entire church. Ten of the hrethrea
sign the letter on behalf of the church. It is dated
the 22d day of the Fourth month, 1(153. Gen. Lil-
burn had Baptist chaplains, and maintained loving
relations with the churches of that denomination
wherever lie was stationed. In 1047 he was gov-
ernor of Newcastle; next year he was one of the
judges that tried Charles I. and condemned him to
death; and the name of Bobert Liljjuni is ap-
pended to the warrant for his execution.

Cromwell for a time im)irisoned him because of
his inflexible republicanism, as he ■•served Harrison
and others. 15ut this only showed the immense in-
ilnence wielded by Gen. Lilburn ; for it was not to
punish him that Cromwell subjected liim to arrest,
but to protect himself li-om the atta(d<s of a power-
ful military h'ade]', who was opposinl to all goveni-

* l''ulihtuliluli HuLould, etc , illiS. l.(itiU()n, ltt5l.

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LILLARD

702

LINCOLN

tnents nJininistered* by " one man." Cromwell
knew his great worth, and it was he who made hiiu
a mnjor-general.

Lilbiirnf was very active in securing tiie recall of
the remnantof the Long Parliament, when the sys-
tem of government instituted by Oliver perished in
thehandsof Richard Cromwell. Largely through his
great inUucricc in the army was this course pursued,
lie felt that uo military chieftain should exercise do-
minion in his country, nor any committee of gen-
erals ; and that government was the creation of the
people themselves; and as the Long Parliament
was the only fragment of legal government in Eng-
land capable of being invested with lil'e, ho lent
effectual aid in giving it tlie sceptre of jiower once
lucre.

AVhen Charles II. was placed upon the throne
Lilburn was tried as a regicide ; he offered no de-
fense, and of course was condemned ; ho was e.'c-
iled to the Isle of St. Nicholas, olf Plymouth, where
lie died in 1065. Why ho was not executed we
cannot conceive ; it was not because of any mercy
possessed by Charles. II., nor on account of any
bribe given to the frail but all-powerful companions
of the king's dearest pleasures. Probably, legal
murder, accompanied by the horrible custom in
treason cases of " drawing and quartering," had
begun to arouse the indignation of the nation
against the Stuarts; and Lilburn's life was spared
because its sacrilice might cost loo much. We love
the meniury of Maj.-Gen. Robert Ijilburn, the
" fanatic Anabaptist," as (iuii^ot, in his iMemoirs
of Monk, is pleased to call him.

Lillard, Rev. Jas. M., was bom in Mercer Co.,
Ky., Sept. -1 , l.soG, and has been a Baptist min-
ister for forty-seven years, lie removed from Ken-
tucky to Lewis Co., Mo., in 1832, being the first
Baptist preacher north of Palmyra, JIo. ila trav-
eled far and near, traversing large prairies in the
severest weather, preaching the gospel and receiving
little or no compensation. He was truly a mis-
sionai'y. He often went down the Mississippi
River, and occasionally returned to Kentucky,
■where he held, and assisted his father in conduct-
ing, a numljer of great revival meetings, in which
hundreds professed faith in Christ, lie has ex-
erted a wonderful influence for good throughout all
Northeast Missouri, and though now old and much
afflicted, often preaching while sitting, he travels
almost continually, laboring for Christ. He has
organi/.ed a great numy Baptist churches ; assisted
in ordaining at least twenty-five Baptist ministers,
and has bapti/.ed more than 3U(M) persuns.

Lillard, Rev. Robert Rodes, A.M., a man

of remarkable gifts and attainments, was born in
Anderson Co., Ky., Jan. 1(), 182(1. After a ]jre-

* llmiie, Slnollctt, ami Vnn, i. 7:!IJ. Luinlon.

t Kuiiiji's lliHluiy uf Eiighiml, ii. (iU;'). LuEnlmi, 17;!3.

paratory course he entered Georgetown College as
a Sophomore in 1S42, and gradiuited in 1S45.
Having professed religion and united with the
Baptist church at Lawreneeburg, in his native
county, in 1S41, he was licensed to preach the fol-
lowing year, and was ordained to the ministry in
184G. He now jjlaced himself under the instruction
of the distinguished Dr. J. L. Waller, and the fol-
lowing year became associated with his preceptor
in the editorship of the Wfstcrn Baptist Review^ at
that time the ablest periodical in the AVest. His
career was a most brilliant one, and within a few
months he was placed among the ablest periodical
writers of his time, but shortly after, death closed
his too brief career, on June 7, 1849.

Lincoln, Ensign, was born in Hingham, Mass.,
Jan. 8, 1779. He enjoyed good educational oppor-
tunities in his youthful days, and the inestimable
blessLog of an early religious training. When ho
reached the ago of fourteen he was placed as an
apprentice at the business of printing. Having
become a Christian he was baptized by Rev. Dr.
Baldwin in 1799, of whose church he was a mem-
ber until he transferred his relation to the Third
Baptist church, for so many years under the pas-
toral charge of Rev. Dr. Sharp. As he had evi-
dently gifts which fitted him to preach the gospel,
he was induced to exercise them. The churches at
Lynn, East Cambridge, Cambridgeport, Ivoxbury,
South Boston, and Feileral Street, Boston, owe to
him a great debt of gratitude for what he did among
them in the days of their early weakness. While
engaged in pronuiting the Redeemer's kingdom by
the use of the talents which God had given him as
a preacher of righteousness, he was also in another
way accomplishing a vast amount of good. As the
leading partner in the publishing house of Lincoln
& Edmunds, he was instrumental in sending out
from the press a healthful religious literature,
which proved a blessing of great value to multi-
tudes of peo|ile. He spent a life of purity and
blamelessncss among his fellow-men, until God
took him home to receive tlu^ reward of a faithful
servant. His death occurred Dec. 2, 1832. Dr.
Wayland says of him, " Since his death was men-
tioned to mc, I have been striving to think of one
who was of more value to the church as a layman.
I conlil not think of one, I have thought of chn-gy-
men, and the result was the same. You may look
over a dozen cities before you find a man in a
private station who has cleared away around him-
self so large and so fortile a field of usefulness. I
know of no man to fill up his )dace."

Lincoln, Hon. Heman, was born in Hingham,
Mass., Jan. 7, 1779. He was one of a fijmily of
eleven children, whose parents were honored and
loved in the coiamuiiity in whieh they lived for
their consistent piety. When Heman was fourteen

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LINCOLN

703

LL\-CULN

years of ago lie was apprenticed to a carpenter in
IJoston. He was baptized by Dr. Baldwin, May
10, IT'.t'J, and in 1809 he was chosen a deacon of
the church.

A man of his sterling worth could not remain
long in private life. Ilis fellow-citizens, recog-
nizing his abilities, were not backward in solicit-
ing him to occupy public po-sitions. At dill'crcnt
times, as representative and senatur, be .served in
the Legislature of Massachusetts. lie was cliosen
a member of the convention for the revision of the
State constitution, and, as an intelligent Baptist,
he made an earnest plea in behalf of religious lib-
erty and the rights of conscience. Ten years, how-
ever, passed before the cause which ho so earnestly
advocated triumphed over tlie prejudices with which
it had been called to cunlend.

Deacon Lincoln was among the caidiest and most
steadfast friends of home and foreign missions.
For several years he was the president of the Amer-
ican Baptist Home Mission Society, and when tlie
conversion of Mr. and Mrs. Judson to Baptist sen-
timents called forth an appeal to the cliurcdics in
tins country for help in the estaljli.shment of the
missions in Burmah, he was among the first to re-
spond. In 1824 lie was- chosen treasurer of the
Baptist General Convention, and he held the oflieo
twenty-two j'cavs. So deep was his interest in the
cause that he gave up his regular business, and
spent his time at the mission rooms in Boston, and
proved himself a most valuable assistant to llev.
Dr. BoUes, at the time the corresponding secretary
of the Convention.

But it was not merely the two grelit denomina-
tional organizations for the prosecution of home
and foreign missions that awakened the regards of
Deacon Lincoln, lie was ready to unite with all
good men for the advancement of any cause which
aimed at the improvement of nnmkind and the
glory of God. lie was a steadfast I'riend of the
American Bible Society, the Anun-ican Tract So-
ciety at New York, the American Temperance So-
ciety, and kindred organizations. l'"or twenty-seven
years he was a trustee of Brown University. He
was one of the founders of the Newton Theological
Institution, and lor several years one of its trustees.
For twenty-two years he was chairman of the ex-
ecutive committee of the American Baptist Mis-
sionary Union. The missionaries under appoint-
ment found in his hQsjiitable dwelling a liaii|iy
home while waiting the time of their departure to
tb(^ distant fields of their labor, and when, worn
down with protracted toil, they returned to recruit
their wasted strength in their native country. Dea-
con Lincoln was among the first to give them a
hearty welcome under his own roof. A life of
more than ninety years was consecrated to tli(^ ser-
vice of his Master, and wiienhedied, Aug. 11, 186'J,

it was felt that a good man had gone homo to
heaven. Most truthfully was it said of him, "The
cause of Christ was dearer to him than personal
reputation or any earthly good. His record was
remarkably unsullied, and all the churches with
which he was connected may count that record as
among their choicest ornaments."

Lincoln, Heman, D.D., was born in Boston,
Mass., April 14, l8lil. He graduated at Brown

HEM AN l.l.N'COI.N, D.D.

University in the class of 1840. Among his class-
mates were Prof. J. B. Boise, LL.D., Bev. Dr. W.
T. Brantly, President K. Dodge, LL.D., llev. Dr.
J. R. Kendrick, and President II. G. ^Veston, D.D.
He graduated at the Newton Institution in the class
of 1845, and was ordained immediately after his
graduation, in Boston, Septemljer, 1845. He was
pastor of the church in New Britain, Pa., for live
years, when he removed to Philadelphia to take
charge of the Franklin Si|nare church. After three
years of service he was called to Jamaica Plain,
JIass., where he coiitinued six years. He accepted
a call to the Central Bajitist church in Providence,
of which he was pastor lor eight j'cars, the connec-
tion being terminated by his appointment to the pro-
fessorship of Ecclesiastical History in the Newton
Tlieological Institution, the duties of which he
]ierfornu;d for live years, when he was transferred
to the chair of llomiletics and Pastoral Dulii-s,
which position he now holds. Dr. Lincoln has had
much experience in writing for the press during
all his professional life. For live years he was edi-
torially connected with the Christian Clironiclc,

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JJNCOLN

704

LINDSA Y

anil foi- tliii'toon years with the Wittchmaa and Rc-
jlcr.lor. Ivdchustur Uiiivri-sity coiilcrrcd u|)i)n Dr.
Iiiiii,-(ihi the drL^rco (if Uoctur of l>iviMity in KSIJ-O.

Lincoln, Prof. John L., LL.D., >^oi\ of I'^Msij^ti
LImcdIii, Wiis biii'ii ill lidstiiii, .Mas,-,., Full. '!'.',, 1.SI7,
and was gradaati:d at Brown [Jniversity in the class
dl' 1S3G. Inuiicdiatidy ;il'ti'r wliich'ln! was chosen
a tntor in Coliiiuliian (!()llo_i;c, \\'iishinj;(,on, D. C,
wlioro lie rcMiaiiied during the academic year
IS:;G-.'!7. In the Tall of l.S;;" lie entered the New-
ton 'I'hcidonical Seminary, where he remained nntil
the fall of IS.'iO, when, havin;; been elected a tntor
in lirown University, he removed to Providence.
He held this (dfice two years, at the end of which
he went aliroad, in coni|iany with I'rof. Jl. I>.
Haokett, in order to |mrsiic his .studies at the Gor-
man nniversities. He spent the academic year
IS4I— 12 in Halle, studying thcolojfy with 'I'holuck
and .Julius Mlillcr, and jihilolojiy with Gesenius, in
Hebrew, and with liarnhardy in the classics. The
vacation of -Tilly and August was spent in an ex-
cursion through Switzerland and Northern Italy,
with Tholnck as a conipaniim. 'I'he second acad-
emic year, lt<-12-43, was spent in Berlin, under
Neander, in church history. Old Testament history
with Ilengstenherg, and the classics with Roecteh.
The fall of 184,-! he spent in Geneva, where he de-
voted himself to the study of French, and then
went to Rome, where he renniiTied nntil May, KS44.
In the fall of 1844 he entered upon his duties as
Assistant Professor of the Latin Language and
Literature in Brown University, and was appointed
full juofessor in 184.5. In 1857 he went abroad a
second time, and was absent six jnonths, a jiart of
which was passeil in Athens. Again in the sum-
mer of 1878 he took a third trip to the Uld \Vorld.
Prof. Lincoln has pre[Kired editions of Livy am!
Horace, which have been well received. He has
also contributed able articles for reviews, maga-
zines, and the religions papers.

Lincoln, Mrs. Nancy Hanks, the mother of
Abraham Lincoln, was born in Virginia, and when
quite young removed to Kentucky with some mem-
bers of her family. In 1806 she married Thomas
Lincoln, of Hodgenville, Hardin Co., Ky.

In 1843 La line County was created, which in-
cluded the home of 'I'honias and Nancy Mncoln.
This county was named after John La Hue, and
Hodgenville after Thomas Ilodgen. A biogriipher
of Abrahainf Lincoln says, "Both these pioneers
were men of sterling integrity and high moral
worth ; they were consistent and zealous members
of the Ba])tist idiurcli, and one of their associates,
Benjamin l.ynn, was a minister of the sannj per-
suasion. Such wore the intlucnces under whieli,
more than twenty years bclbre 'I'homas Lincoln
settled there, this little colony had been founded,
and wdiich went far to ^ive the community its per-

manent character." In this Baptist settleinont
Abraluim Lincoln, afterwards President of the
United States, was born, Feb. 12, bSOD.

Nancy Hanks liincoln was a woman of rare
(pialitics of mind and heart, anil though she died
in 1818, when her son was only nine years old, she
left impressions upon him vvhicdi could never bu
ell'aced, and which directeil his whole future move-
ments. " All that 1 am on earth," said President
Lincoln to llev. I>r. A. I), (iilletle, llien of "Wasli-
ington City, '' I owe to my Baptist mother. I am
glad to see you, doctor ; you remind me of my Bap-
tist mother."

Mrs. Lincoln lived and died unknown beyond a
very limited circle, but her light has been cai-ricd
over this land and over all the world by the fame
of Abraham Lincoln, her distinguished son.

Lindsay, Edmond J., a well-known Christian
liusiness man of ^Milwaukee, was burn in Dundee,
Scotland, in 1838. His father, in 1841, emigrated
with liis family to New York, and in 1843 came to
Dodge Co., Wis., where he engaged in farming.
He was a prtiminent nnniiber and officer in a Scotch
Baptist church in Dundee, a man of decided Chris-
ti;in inlluence. AVhen he came to Wisconsin and
found himself in a newly-settled country, where
tlie institutions of ridigion were not yet established,
he had achureli in his home, teaching his children
the way of (lo<l, ex|iOundiiig the Scri])tures, and
holding regular worship until churches were estab-
lished.

It was in this Christian atmosphere young Lind-
say's childhood and youth were passed. lie ob-
tained his education in the log .--chool-house of the
newly-settli.'d iieighljorhood, anil an occasional term
of study in tlie classical scho(ds at Wauputi and
Fox Lake. But I\L-. Limlsay has luien a .student all
his life, having a line library and other facilities
for the acquisition of knowledge.

When eleven years of age his father died, -and
the care of the farm devolved upon him.

.Mr. Lindsay is the senior memlier of the firm of
E. J. and W. Lindsay. The business was estab-
lished by Mr. Lindsay in I8()9, and is now one of
the most extensive establishments of its class west
of the Lakes, having relations with every State and
Territory in the Northwest. As its manager Mr.
Lindsay displays qualifications of a high order.

But it is chieiiy as a Christian that he has become
widely known. He nuide a profession of religion
when fourteen years of age, and united a few years
later with tiio Bajitist church nt Fox Lake. He is
one of tlie best-known members of the First Bap-
tist church in Milwaiiki'C, a member of its board
of trustees, has lioeu its .SablKitli-sehool superin-
tendent, and in all the work of tlie church a chief
actor. In the city, outside of his church, he is a
leader in all benevolent enterprises. In the de-

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Aor^xo^

LINDSA Y

705

lANNAUD

nominutional woi-k of the Stiite lie takes a pvoini-
neiit part. Ife is a iiieiiibcr of tlio board of tlie
Wisconsin Jiajitist State Convention, and of its Kx-
eciitive Conunittoe, and lie is its elticient treasurer.
Lindsay, Rev. W. C, was lii.rn in Virginia in
ly4(). lie spent four years at a literary and two
at a medical college^ and afterwards three in the
.study and practice of law. At the close of the
war he resumed the study of inedicine, hut having
'■ tasted and si!cn that tlie Lord i.s good," "iiiime-
diately he conferred not with flesh and blood,'' Init
came to the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary,
and spent four years and graduated.

His first pastorate was at Wilson, N. C, where
he had the society and warm friendship of the cele-
brated Dr. Hooper. In live months his health failed,
pneumonia contracted in camp having left his
lungs in a diseased condition. Having rested a
few months, he took charge of the church at Uarn-
■well Court-IIuuse, when, as an evidence of their ap-
preciation, they almost douiiled the compensation
they were accustomed to give. The young men
wdio avoided tlie church not only went, but con-
tributed liberally to his salary. Five years in the
(line belt, as IVerpiently happens, restored bis
health. lie no.\t spent a year, 1S7I), as agent for
the Southern Eaptist Theological Seminary and
Furman University, and then settled in Cohiuilda,
S. C, where lie is now pastor.

He probably has not an enemy in the world.
Lindsey, Rev. E. H., a prominent minister of
Dallas County, Ark., was born in Alabam;* in
1831. He embraced Christ ami united with the
Methodist Church in 1848, and was a preacher in
that denomination for seven years. A careful ex-
amination of the subject of bajitism led to a change
of views, and he united with the Ibiptists in 1859,
and in the following year was ordained to the min-
istry. He eaine to Arkansas and settled in Dallas
County, where he ha.s remained ever since, having
served the following churches in Dall.as and the ad-
joining counties: Cold Water, ten years; Hamp-
ton, nine years; .'\Iillvillo, seven years; Holly
Springs, three years: Fdinburg, two years ; Cham-
bersville nearly twenty years. During the time he
has baptized about 401).

Lineberry, Rev. William, a useful minister in
the Sandy Creek Association, N. C. He had been
ii minister of the I'rotestant Methodist Cliurch, lait
became a Baptist, and was baptizi^d by Rev. Fnocdi
Crutchlield in 184.3. JIo was agent for the State
ConveiiTiou in lsl.')inid ISjl'j. He died in 1875.

Link, Rev. J. B., was bom in Kockbridge Co.,
Va., May 7, 1S2S; converted in October, 1840;
liaptized at the Natural liri.lgo, Va., in October,
1841 : ordained at Mount Pleasant, .lessaiiiiue Co.,
Ivy., in 1851!, Drs. D. Jl. (!,impliidl and Wu\. M.
Pratt acting as the I'resbytery ; prosci-uled the

four years' course of study at Georgetown Collce,
Ky., graduating in 1853; studied theology at, and
graduated from, Rochester Theological Seminary,
after a two years' course, in 1855; pastor of the
churches at Paris, Ky., and Liberty, Mo. ; acted as
agent (or William Jewell College for nearly two
years, and raised :?:i(t,(IU(J for that institution ; en-
tered the Confederate army, spent most of the time
as a chaplain ; went to Texas as agent of the Home
Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention,
especially fur army missions. At the close of the
year was occupied in etlbrts to establish the Texii.'i
liciptist Herald. Since ISOG has published and
edited that journal with indefatigable energy,
placing it upon a solid foundation. He is a man
of indomitable will and courage, clear-headed,

mtM.

patient, wise, and logical. Ho has been a vice-
president of the Southern Baptist Convention, and
is now laboring lor the " 'J'exas Educational Com-
mission," in connection with his editorial manage-
ment of the Texas BiiplUI Jlcrahl.

Linnard, James M., was born in September,
1784; was baptize. 1 about the year 1831), by Rev.
Gideon U. Perry, into the fellowship of the Spruce
Street church, Philadelphia, Pa. lie continued in
memlier>hip with this chnn li until liis death, which
occurred Oct. Il'i, lSli3. I'ew men have left behind
them the record of a Christian life more abundant
in the blessed results of intimse consecration and
large-hearted benevolence. Nor do tlic'se results
Ijeriain to his own life alone ; Ibr it appears to be
well and widely known that his example and inllu-

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LINSLEY

706

LITERATURE

ence were agoneies <livinely employed to inspire
similar consecration ami lieiievoleiice among otiicra
possessed of greater wealth, whose princely bene-
factions still continue to aid the advancement of
the Ivedeemer's kingdom, lie was for many years,
and up to the time of liis death, the president of
the I'ennsylvania Haptist (ieiieral' Association.
The growth and usi^fiilnoss of this organization
were largely due to his love for Christ and zeal for
his cause, lie had a clear, sound mind, and was
a warm friend and wise counselor in every depart-
ment of benevolent and religious ell'ort. He was
one of three layuien who have been moderators of
the I'hiladelphia Baptist Association.

Liiisley, Rev. James Harvey, son of James
and Sarah (Malthy) Linsley, was born in N<jrtli
Branford, Ounn., May 5, 1787 ; in 18IJ9 went South ;
converted in ISIIJ; taught school in Cheshire,
Conn.; ba))tizud in 1811 in North Haven; studied
in \\'allingroril Academy; graduatiid from Yale
College in 1817 ; taught in an aitademy at New
Haven, also at N('W Canaan, also in a select school
at Stratfoi'd ; began to preach in \H2S ; ordaini;d,
in ISIJl, as an evangelist, at Meriden ; yu'eaclied in
Milford and Siratlleld ; \u 18.'-)") was delegate! to
Triennial Convention in Uichmoiid, Va. ; health
failed in 18ot) ; went to Florida ; was a member of
Yale Natural Historical Society, of Connecticut
Academy of Arts and Sciences, of Hartford Nat-
ural lIistoric.il Society, of Boston Society of Nat-
ural History; published valuable scientilic papers.
He died Dee. 20, 1S43, heaving a precious record as
a scholar and as a Christian.

Lisk, Rev. James, was born near Coshocton,
0., Oct. IIJ, 183'J; was Ijaptized April 27, 185.5, by
Kev. A. W. Odor; graduated from Denison Uni-
versity in 1802, and froui Rochester Theological
Seminary in 1805; was ordained in Juno, I8l>5,
and settled with the Second church, Cinciniuui, 0. ;
removed to llockford. III., in 18G7, and remained
for two years ; accepted a call to liis present field
ol' labor, the Second church, Gornmntown, Phila-
deipliia, and eutei-ed upon his duties June 1, ISTO.
He is an aljle and impressive preacher and a faith-
ful pastiu', diligent in persoiuil ellbrts for the sal-
vation of souls, and strong in defense of" the faith
once delivered to tiie saints." He is actively iden-
tified with the educational and missionary work of
the denomination, and is conscientious in (he por-
i'ornuiucc of duties assigned to him in the manage-
ment of important trusts. In 187U he was made
moderator of the Philadelpliia Baptist Association.
His people, alter worshiping for years in a neat
chapel, are now building a handsome church edifice.

Literature, Baptist. — The list of authors in
this article cuntuins the names of imly a portion of
the grettt body of iia|itist writers ; and often but one
book is mentioMcd where several came from the

same hand ; or three, as in the case of Benjamin
Keaeh, where forty-three were the fruits of hia
active mind.

THE SACRED TEXT AND WORKS UPON IT.

Our Lord was immersed in the river Jordan when
he reached adult years, and founded the JSaptist de-
nomination, 'i'he writers of the New Testament,
like the Saviour, were Baptists, whose "one (iimte-
rial) baptism'' is believer's immersion. In trans-
lating the New Testament into the language of a
heathen people. Baptists have always insisted upon
traiislatiiti) BanriCu, instead of transferring it. The
first versions of the Scriptures followed this plan.
The I'eshito, a Syriac version, nuide early in the
second century for the Jews in Palestine, renders

y

the act of baptizing by the verb^__Q2^, to immerse.

About the same time a Latin translation was pre-
[lared for the people who used tliat tongue. Prob-
ably from this first version Tertullian quotes the
Saviour's eonnuission, "Go, teach the nations, im-
mersing them in the name of the' Father, and of
the Son, and of the Holy S|)irit." — Miitt. x.'cviii. ly.
(Ite, doeete nationes, tingin.'utes cas in noinen
Patris, etc. Dc Baptismo, cap. 13.) In the nc.\t
chapter Tertullian quotes Paul's statement, that he
was ''not sent to baptize, but to preach," and he
uses the words ad tinguendum, to immerse, to de-
scribe the baptismal act. The nien who made these
earliest translations, like the inspired writers of the
New Testament, were Baptists. Jerome, in his Vul-
gate, uses baptizo, instead of tiiti/tiu or viimer</u, not
because immersion was abandoned, but on account
of a mass of ceremonies that in his day burdened
the ba|)tismal rite, authority for which could readily
be claimed under a foreign word, the meaning of
which was only known to scholars. AVhat was
true of the Syriac and Latin vei'sions is true of
other primitive translations of the New Testament ;
and from these and other considerations we claim
the versions of the first three centuries as sub-
stantially Baptist productions. Like modern Bap-
tists, the early Cl^stians multiplied versions of the
Scriptures, and distributed the Word as widely as
possible. Augustine says, " Those who have trans-
lated the Bible into Greek can be numbered, but
not so the Latin versions, for in the first ages of
the church whoever got hold of a Greek codex ven-
tured to translate it into Latin, however slight hi»
knowledge of either language."

in 122',), at a Catholic eomicil lo'Id in Thoulouse,
in France, a canon was passed [ircjhibiting "laics
from luiving the books of the Ohi or New Testa-
ment, unless it be a J'saltcr, or a Breviary, and the
ilosary, and it does not permit them so much as to
Iriin.t/tt/e l/ii'in into Ihc rnfi/cir luiii/iie." I>u Pin after
recording the above adds, " This restraint wits doubt-

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LITERATURE

707 •

LITERATURE

less founded on that frequent tibuse wliieli was made
of them in that country." (Eeeles. Hist., ii. 456.
Dublin, 1724.) Tliis canon was enacted to rob our
Baptist Albigcnsian fathers of the Scriptures, parts
of wliich they had for a time in French, and subsc-
([uently the whole of tlicui. Their version was a
Haptist work. In loliO, Oeuk and' Ilaetzer, two
^Vnabaptists, couimcnced the translation of the lle-
lirew Uible in Strasburg, and succeeded well with
the prophets, which were i)ublisliod early in the
followiuj; year, nearly live years before Luther's
15ible. 'J'he Kev. Henry Jessey had a translation
of the Scriptures prepared in 16G0, when the per-
secutions that followed the accession uf Chai'les II.
to the throne of Ihif^land rendered its ]iublication
impossible, ami resulted in its destruction.

Dr. William Carey translated the Scriptures into
Sanscrit, Hindu, Urijbldiassa, Mahratta, Benijali,
Oriya, Teliui^a, Karnata, IMaldivian, Gurajattee
Bulooshe, Pushtoo, Punjabi, Kashmeer, Assam,
Miirman, j'ali, or Mai;;udlia, Tamul, Cingalese, Ar-
menian, JIalay, ilindostani, and I'ersian. Before
the death of Dr. Carey the mission press at Seram-
pore had sent forth the Scriptures in forty different
languages and dialects, the tongues of 330,001.), 000
of human beings.

Dr. Judson translated tlie Scriptures into Bur-
mese, I>r. Marshman into Chinese, Dr. Mason into
Sgau Karen, Dr. Xathun Brown into Ja|)aneso.
Dr. II. F. Buckner transhited the gospel of John
into tlie language of the Creek Indians. The New
Testament, " with several hundred emendations,"
was edited by Spencer II. Cone and \\'illiam H.
Wyckoir. The American Bible Union, controlled
by Baptists, though not exclusively composed of
them, revised the entire Fnglisli New Testament,
and a large part of the Old ; and they also re-
vised the Spanish and Italian New Testaments,
and made a new translation into the Ningpo eolln-
quial dialect c>f China. It may be added that the
Bible Union did much to create the' public opinion
that has resulted in the movement in England to
nuike a revision of the Bible of lliU. The Rev.
Joseph S. C. F. Frey edited an edition of \m\ l>or
Ilooght's Hebrew Bible.

Dr. John Gill was the author of a eomnicnfary
on the Old and New Testaments, in nine (juarto
volumes. This great work was re|iublished in
Philadelphia by a Presbyterian in IS 1 9, and in
Ireland many years later by an Episcopal clergy-
man. It is the richest treasury of 15ihlical and Ori-
ental learning and of gospel truth which exists in
the foi'ia of a commentary. Dr. J<ihn I'aweett was
the autliur of a cunimentary in two folio volumes.
The Baptist Publication Society is preparing a com-
mentary under such auspices as will secure the
fruits of the ripest scholarship and of the most re-
cent discoveries in Bible lands, llobert Haldane

was the author of " Notes on the Epistle of the
Romans," and a work upon " The Verbal Inspira-
tion of the Scriptures." Dr. C. M. Du Veil, a con-
vened Israelite, led to embrace Baptist sentiments
when an Episcopal clergyman, by reading our
books in the library of the bishop of London, to
which he luid acix'ss, in lC<Sr), puldished " A Literal
Ex|danation of the Acts ol' the A|iostles." James
A. Haldane wrote an "Exposition of the Epistle to
the Galatians." Prof. II. J. Ripley prepared
"Notes on the Gospels and Acts," and on the
"Epistle to the Hebrews." Prof. Ilackett wrote a
commentary on the "Acts of the Apostles ;" Spur-
geon has a commentary upon the Psalms, called
" The Treasury of David," in si.K volumes. Dr.
Adiel Sherwood was the authtu' of " Notes on the
New Testament." Dr. (jcorge W. Clark has pre-
pared "Notes on the Gospels."

Rev. William Jones was the author of " A Dic-
tionary of the Sacred AV'^ritings." Iir. Hacket edited
an American issue of Smith's "Dictionary of the
Bible," to the English edition of which he con-
trilnited thirty articles. John Canne spent "more
than thrice seven years" in pre[)aring marginal
references for the English Bible. A marginal
Bible, printed in 1747, now before the writer, after
the dedication to King James, presents Mr. Canne's
" Letter to the Reader." Dr. Malcom's "Diction-
ary of Names, C)bjects, and Terms Found in the
Holy Scriptures" has had a circulation of nearly
200,000.

Dr. Samuel G. Green's " Handbook to the
Grammar of the New Testament, Together with
a Complete Vocabulary (Lexicon) and an Exami-
nation of the Chief New Testament Synonyms," is
a work of great learning and value.

REIJGKJUS WORKS.

In this list we might include a large number of
the books written by jaamitive Christians, wdioso
authors, like Justin Martyr, speak only of the
"washing in water," of " picrsuaded believers"
(Just. Philos. Mart. Apol. I. Pro Christ. Patrol,
(iraiea VI. p. 240, Mignc), or of trained catechu-
meni. Tertullian in his orthodox days wrote on
the mode and subjects of baptism like a very zeal-
ous Baptist, and a )iart of his works might be legiti-
mately reckoned to the credit of Baptists. The
Confession of St. Patrick, and his Letter to Caroti--
cus, are Baptist productions ; he immersed throngs
of believers in wells in variou.s parts of Ireland.
The Swiss .\naba)itist Conrpssion of l.')27, as far as
it goes, is almost entirely in liarmuny with modern
Baptist opinions. The religious literature of this
period, of the sober Anabajitists of the Continent
of Europe, may be largely claimed by our denomi-
nation to-day. 'I'he writings of Leonard Buslier
and others "On Liberty of Conscience," from 1G14

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LITERATURE

708

JATFAiATURK

to IGOl. piiblisliej by the Ilanserd KrioUys Society,
ure vi!;;()i'(Mis IJiiplist iiruiluctions. Tlio Cun(b.s-
siona, issued by tbc saiiio Buuicty, hoiiiimiu^; willi
1011 iiriJ oiidiiii^ with lOS'.t, Ijelori";; to us.

" Tra|ioloifi;i, or a Koy to 0|ifu Soripturo iMota-
plioi'S," and "Gosptd iMystcrics Unvoilrd, of an Kx-
position of all tbe Parables," y,ii! iluj two most
popular works of tbo celebratod IJcnjainin Keacli.
The ''Kxposition of all tbi; Parables" is more I'rc-
quently offered for sale now in London catalogues
of seconil-hand books, than any of the works of
Jolin Howe, Dr. Jubn Owi-ii, or iiishop Jeremy
'I'aylor. John Biinyan's works, in 7')1 royal oc-
tavo double-column pages, of wbicli tlio '" Pilgrim's
Progress" occupies but l'2t), are not as well known
;is thoy should be, except ''(iraeo Abounding,"
"The Holy War," and -The Pilgrim's Progress."
Of tbe last, we may truly say that it is the most
Jiopular book overwritten. Until 18-17 it had been
translates! into French, Flemish, Dutch, \Velsh,
(laelic, Irisli, Hebrew, .Spanish, Portuguese, Italian,
Danish, Oorman, Armenian, Burmese, tUngalese,
Orissa, llindostani, IJengali, Taniul, IMahratta,
Canave,so, (Jujaratti, Malay, Arabic, Samoan, Ta-
liitian, Peluiana, ISehuana, .Malagasy, New Zoa-
hind, and Latin ; and umloubteilly it has been
translated into several langiniges since that time.
The jirose writings of John iMilton were numerons
und (lopular. .Snnie of these were political, like
his lirst and second " D(d'ence of the People of
Fngland ;" but a number of thorn treated of ecclesi-
astical ipiestions, like bis " Jleformation in Kng-
laiid," bis " I'relatical Episcopacy," his '■ National
Kstablisbuients of Religion," his " True Keligion,
■ Heresy, Schism, and Toleration ;" others were do-
voted to " Lducatiim," "Tbe History of IJritain,"
and to miscelbineous subjects. His Treatise "On
(Jhi-istian Doctrine," edited by Charles II. .Sumner,
librarian and historiographer to his mnjest}', and
ju'cbendiary of ('anterbury, and pulilisln.'d in 182,';,
is a very remarkable work. In it there are some
opijiions from which we decidedly dissent, but upon
many questions, ami conspicuously about the mode
and subjects of baptism, Milton was a strong Bap-
tist. " Anti-Clirist Unmasked," by Henry Denne;
"The, Necessity I'or Separation fi-om tlut ('burcli
of England," by John ( -anin.' ; . niilauni''s "Plea
for Nonconformists," aecording to Daniel De I'cje,
"perfect in itself; never author left behind him a
niore linished jiiece ;" in 1.739 it bad passed through
seventeen editions; "111 New^ from Ni^w Kng-
land, &c.," by John Clarke, a celebrated work in
defense Df liberty of conseieniM'.

"dill's liody id' Divinity'' and bis other theologi-
cal works are invaluable. The works cjf Andrew
Fuller, in l()L2 lUiuble-eohimn imperial oelavo pages,
are necessary to the eomjiletiMiess of any Protestant
theological library. The works of llobert Hall, in six

l2mo volumes, In-cathc the eloquence which made
their author the greatest preacher of his day, and
the equal <d' any orator of tbe Anglo-Saxon race.
The following works are I'avorably known: l^uck's
" I'hiloKOpliy of Ivcligion," I'cndleton's " Christian
Doctrines," " Haiitist Doctrines," iMlitod by C. A.
Jenkens ; Dagn's " Moral Seienci^," " Kviilenees of
Christianity," anil "Manual of Theology," Stock's
" Handbook of ilevealed Theology," Carson on
"The Knowledge of Jesus, tbe Most Excellent of
the Sciences," and " The I'rovidence of tiod Un-
folded in the Book of Ksther." 'I'he works of
Archibald McLean, in six volumes, P2mo ; " Help
to Zion's Travelers," by Itobert Hall, Sr. ; "Ex-
hortations Relating to I'rayer and the Lord's
Suppoi'," by Benjamin Wallin ; " l''irst Fruits," and
"Primitive Theology," by Henry Holcombe; Ed-
mund Botsford's "Spiritual Voyages ;" " Writings
of John Leland,'' by L. F. Gi-een ; complete works

of Abraham Booth :

Cb

•h Ord

er.

'J'he Elec

tion of Grace," "Internal Call to the Mirdstry,"
and ".Sermons," by Isaac Baidcus ; "Treatise on
Various Subjects," and " Vindication of Natural
Ileligion," by John Brine; Magowan's " Dialogui^s
of Devils," "The Deity and Atonement of Christ,"
))y John Marshman ; the works of John H. Hinton,
in seven volumes 12mo ; the writings of Dr. Francis
Wayland, educational, philosophical, and religious ;
the " iNIiscellanies," and " Lectures on Baptist His-
tory," of William R. Williams; Angus's " Hand-

Dok of the Bibl

Tbe Power of tbe Cross,"

by Hi.diard Fuller; "Apostolic Church Pcdity,"
by AVilliam WiUiauis ; "Preaching: its Ideal and
Inner Life," by Thomas Armitage ; " Preparation
and Delivery of Sermons," by John A. Broadus ;
" Wheat from the Fields of Boaz," by A. 0.
Thomas; "Christian Experience," by D. W.
Fiiunce ; " The .Vtonement," by Oetavius Winslow ;
"The AtoneMumt," by .I..A. ILildane; "Soul
Prosperity," by C. D. .M;illary ; " Maxcy's Lit-
erary Kemains," by Romeo Elton ; " Lectures on
Biblical Antiipiities," by F. A. Cox; "Christ in
History," by Robert 'i'urnbull ; " The Apostolical
Constitutions, including tbe Canons," by Irab
Chase; "Internal i'lvidences of (.Ibristianity," by
tJolin Aldis ; " liook id' ^Vorship I'or Piivate Fami-
lies." " 'I'bo Sanctuary, Its (Maims and Pow(!r,"
by W. \y . Everts ; " Pulpit Eloquence," by Henry
(.'. Fish; "The S|urit, Policy, and Influence of
Baptists," by T. G. Jones ; " Black Diamonds,"
"(ireat Wonders in Little 'I'hiiigs," and "Ocean
(hirdens," by Sidney Dyer ; " A Pedobaptist Church
no Homo for a iiaptist," by 11. T. Middhditch;
"Baptist History, Faith, and Polity," by D. B,
Cheney ; " Encyelopedia cd' Religious Knttwledge,"
by J. Newtiiu Bi'own ; " (j'auipbellism lOxiimincd,"
by J. B. Jeler ; " Morning by Morning," and
" Evening by Evening," by C. 11. Spiirgisju ; " Tbe

\'-.\:.-A-\ \\.\

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LITERATURE

709

LITERATURE

Church, its Polity and Ordinances," )jy If. Harvey;
"Baptist Short Method," liy Edward lliscox; " Tlio
Papal System IVdMi its Oi'iji;iii to tin; l'l•e.^eMt
'I'iiiie," " A Jlistorieal Sketch of Kvery iJoctrino,
Chiiin, and Practice of the Church of Jlonie," by
AVilliani Catlicart ; " History of lloinanisnr;" by
John Dowling ; " 'J'he Pernicious Effects of Infant
Baptism," by Novnian Fox; " 'L'lie I'hilosopliy of
Atliuism Examined and (,'ompared with Christi-
anity," by l>. (iodwin : " Dutii's of a Pastor to his
Cliiirch," liy Kranlcliii Wilson; Dr. Mali'om's
"'Travels in South-lvistern Asia," " A Year's Tour
in the Holy Land," by S. 1). Phelps; " Plea for Bap-
tist Principles," by 0. W. Anderson; '"Text-Book
of Ciimpbellisiii," by D. B. Hay; "Text-Book of
Popery," by J. M. Cramp; r>r. J. 1!. (iraves is anuinj;
the lirst of livinj; Baptist writers, his last work is
"Old Laiulmarkism, What is it?" " Iteliffious De-
nominations in the United States and (Jroat Bri-
tain," by Joseph Belcher ; "The Creative Week,"
and " 'IMie Mountain Instruction," by George Dana
Boardman ; " I'riscilla," by Josepli 15anvaru ;
" Western Empire, or the Drama of Human Prog-
ress," by I'l. 1,. Magoon ; " (!(n-rectivo Church Dis-
cipline," anil " Parliamentary I'ractice," by Chan-
cellor P. H. Mell.

Sermons in volumes have been published very
extensively by Baptists. In 1S7C, Spurgeon had
issued twenty-one volumes. Some of his sermons
liave been translated into German, Danish, Swe-
dish, French, Italian, and AVelsli. Maelarcn has
published sermons which have been very popular.
"Wo shall only a<ld the following as authors of
volumes of sermons : Dr. Samuel Stennett, Dr.
"W^illiam T. Brantly, Sr., Dr. Samuel Stillman,
Ivev. Oliver Hart, and Rev. William I'arkiuson.

The foUuwinij arc umutKj a hir^/c liuinhe)- of works
on baj/tisin and the Lord's Supper: "Anti-Pedo-
baptism," by John Tombes (Mr. Tombes wrote
fourteen distinct works on baptism) ; "A Treatise
of Bajjtism, wherein that of Believers and that of
Infants is Examined by the Scriptures," by Henry
D'Anvers; " Anti-P:edo-Uantism, or Mr. Samuel
Fiidey's Charitable I'lea for the Speechless Exam-
ined and llefutod, the Baptism of Believers Main-
tained, and the Mode of it by Immersion Vindi-
cated," by Abel Morgan, Philadelphia, jirintod by
B. Franklin, in Market Street, 1747; Jlr. Finley
was subsequently president of New Jersey, now
Princeton, Cidlege ; " The Baptism of John" and
'• Letters on Baptism," liy Thomas Baldwin ; " Pe-
dobaptism Examineil," by Abraham Booth; "In-
fant Uaptism a Part and J'iUar of Popery," by
John Gill ; " History of Baptism," by Robert ivoh-
inson ; " Scripture (iuidc to Baptisni," )iy Ricintrd
Pengilly; Gale's " llellectious on Wall's History
of Infant liaptism ;" "Baptism, a Term of Com-
munion at the Lord's Supper," by Joseph King-

horn ; " Baptism in its Mode and Subjects," by
Alexander Carson ; " Infant Baptism an Invention
(jf .Men," by Irah Chase ; '" Essay on Christinu
Baptism," by B. W. Noel ; " Baptism and Terms
of Communion," by Richard Fuller; " Doctrine of
Baptism on the Principles of Biblical Interpreta-
tion," by J. J. Woolsey ; "Baptism," by F. \V.
Broaddus ; " Handbook on the iMnde of Baptism,"
and •• Handbook on the Subjects of Bajitism," bv
Robert Ingham; " Theodo.sia Ernest," by A. C.
Dayton; "Grace Truman," by Mrs. S. it. l''ord ;
'"Baptism and Baptisteries," liy \V. Cote; "The
Cleaning and Use of Baptizein Philologically and
Historically Investigated," by 'I'. J. Conant ;
Howell (Ui Communion ; "" Imiuersion Essential to
Christian Baptism," by John A. Broadus ; " Church
Communion as Pi'aetised by the Ibiptists," by Vi.
W. Garilner ; '" Studies on the Bapti.Miial (iueslion,"
by D. B. Ford ; " 15a])tism in Hanuony in the East
and in the West," by J. C. Long; "The Position
of Baptism in the Christian System," by Henry
H. Tucker; "History of Baptism," by Isaac T.
llinton ; " The Act of- Baptism,'' by Henry S.
Barrage; "The Baptism of the Ages and of the
Nations," by Wm. Cathcart.

The J'ullowiiu/ are among the, numerous his-
tories which have had Baptist authors: Crosby's
" History of the English Baptists," Ivimey's
" History of the English Baptists," Orchard's
" History of the English Baptists," Taylor's "His-
tory of the General Ba|)tists," Robinson's " His-
torical Kesearches," Backus's '" History of the
Baptists," Cramp's "Baptist History," Benedict's
'' History of the Baptists," " Jlaterials for a His-
tory of the Baptists in Delaware and in other
States," by Morgan Edwards ; Semple's " History
of the Rise and I'logress of the Baptists in Vir-
ginia," Cook's "' Delaware Baptists," Orchard's
"History of Foreign Baptists," " Historical Vin-
dications," by S. S. Cutting; Duncan's "History
of the Baptists," " The Early English Baptists,"
by Benjamin Evans; Asplund's "Baptist Regis-
ter," Hague's '• Historical Discourse," Callender's
" Historical Discourse on the Civil and Religious
Affairs of Rhode Island and Providence Planta-
tions ;" the materials gathered by John Comer for
a history of American Baptist chui'ches are of
great value to all who have engaged in the under-
taking, from which death removed the talented
collector; Curry's "'Struggles and Ti-iumphs of
Virginia Baptists,'' Hayne's '"Baptist Denomina-
tion, its Histtu-y and Doctrines," Ford's '"Origin
of the Baptists," Wm. Jones's "Church History,"
"Sketch of the Lower Dublin, or Pennepek
Church," by H. G. <rones ; "History of the First
Baptist Church of Newpcjrt," by C. E. Barrows ;
"Religious Liberty and the Bajjtists," by C. C. ,
Bitting; Anderson's "Annals of the English

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TATFAIATURE

710

LITERATURE

Bible," Kay's "Baptist Succession," Mrs. T. J.
Oonant's '• History of tlie Kii;ilisli I5ible," Curtis's
'■ Proi^i'css of Baptist I'rinciples,"' Cox's " History
of Eiiglisii Baptist -Missions," Oanunel's "History
of American Baptist JNIissiuns,'' McCoy's " History
of Baptist Missions among American In<lians,"
" Baptists and the American Ucvoliitrun," Ijy Wni.
Ciithcart ; "Annals of the Christian Commission,"
by Lemuel Moss ; " History of INlissions," by
John 0. Choules ; "Bunliill Memornils," by J. A.
Jones; Bnnhill is the London cemetery for Dis-
senters, where the ashes of Bunyan repose;
• Manninij; and Brown University," by Reuben A.
Uiiild^ "The Baptist Kncyclopaidia," edited by
William Cathcart.

lirOORAPIIIES.

" Life of Colonel llntehinson, ' written by his
widow Lucy ;' " [viiiiey's " Life of John Milton;"
"Life of Henry Dunster," first pi'Csident of Har-
vard CollejiM^, by Jeremiah (Jhaplin; " liife of
^Villiam Killin," by Josi!|ih Iviniey ; " Viruinia
Baptist Ministers," by J. B. Taylor ; llovey's
" Life and Times of Isaac Backus ;" Lives of KoL;er
Williams, by J. D. Knowles, llomeo Elton, AV^il-
liam Gaiumel, «an(l Bcnj;imin Kvans ; Wallin's
'■ Life of i>r. John Gill," Wilkin's " ],ife of Joseph
Kinghorn," Gregory's " Life of Hubert Hall,"
Fuller's " Life of Samuel Pearco," " iMomoirs of
^[rs. Ann Hasseltinc Judson," by J. D. Knowles;
" JMemoir of Dr. Judson," by Franri-* Wayland ;
" Memoir of Dr. ^V^ayland," by F. and H. L. Way-
land ; a "Biographical Sketch of Sir Henry Havc-
loek," by William Broek ; "Life of -Mrs. Lydia
^Ldcum," by H. iNLilcoin ; " Life <if Jesse Mercer,"
by C. D. Mallary; "Life of L.uther Rice," by
James B. Taylor; "Life and Times of James B.
Taylor," by George B. Taylor ; " Life and Writings
of Robert Robinson," by George Dyer; "Life of
Joseph Stennett," by D. Turner; " JMemoirsof Mrs.
Theodosia Dean," by Pliarcellus Church; " Life of
Rev. Duncan Dunbar," by Jeremiah Chaplin ; " Life
of William Knibb," by J. Howard Hinton ; "Life
of Rev. Thomas Burchell," by W. F. Burchell ;
" Life of Dr. Engcnio Kineaid," by Alfred Patton ;
" Ljfe of Joseph Ivimey,"' by George Pritchard ;
" Life of Dr. Richard Fuller," by J. H. Cuthbert;
" Life of Mrs. Shuck," " Life of Andrew Broaihlus,"
and " Life of Daniel Witt," by J. B. Jeter; " Life
of John Thiimas," by C. B. Lewis, the lirst I5aptist
who pri'aehed the gospel in India; "The Life of
John- Bates," by Justin A. Smith; " Memuir of
Andrew Fuller," by A. tl. Fuller; "Memoir of
Dr. William Stoughton," by S. W. Lynd ; "Life
and Correspondence of John Foster," by J. E.
Ryland ; Lives of Cai'ey, Marshman, and W^ard, by
J. C. JIarshman; "Life of John P. Cro/.or," by
J. Wheaton Smith ; "Life of Dr. Joseph H. Kcn-

nard," by J. Spencer Kennard ; " Life of Spencer
H. Cone, D.D.," by Edward and S. W. Cone ; " Au-
toijiography of John Gano," " Memoir of Dr. Baron
Stow," by J. C. Stockljridge ; " Life of Mrs. E. C.
Judson," by A. C. Kcndrick ; " iMcmoir of Gov-
ernor George N. Briggs," by W. C. Richards;
"Life of John M. Peck, D.D.," by Rufns Bal)-
cock; "Life of William Colgate," "by W. W. Ev-
erts; "Life of Joseph G. Biniiey, D.D.," by Jlrs.
J. Ci. Binney.

GENERAL LITERARY WORKS.
Ilansord Knollys wrote a Hebrew, Latin, and
English grammar ; Dr. Carey a Mahratta grammar,
a Sanscrit gramnmr extending over a thousand
quarto pages, a Punjabi grammar, a Telinga gram-
mar, and a Mahratta dictionary, a Bengali dic-
tionary, and a Bliotanta and a Sanscrit dictionary.
Dr. Judson made a Burmese dictionary, and Dr.
Mason a Pali grammar. Dr. J. Wade was the au-
thor of a Karen dieti(mary, and J)r. H. F. Buckner
|jrepared a grammar of the language of the Creek
Indians. The " Essays" of John Foster are among
the finest productions in the literature of our
tongue. .Sir James Mackintosh justly describes
their author as " one of the most profound and
eloquent writers that England has produced." Dr.
Gill's " Antiquity of the Hebrew Language, Let-
ters, Vowel Points, and Accents" has been pro-
perly represented " as a masterly effort of profound
research, which would have shown Dr. (iill to be a
[u'odigy of learning, of rca<ling, and of literature
had he never jiublished a s3'llable on any other
subject.'' " Orators and Oratory" is one of several
able works from the ])en of Willian\ JIatthews,
LL.D. John JI. Gregory, LL.D., wrote " A Hand-
book of History." Dr. Maton wrote "lUirmah,
its People and Natural Productions, or Notes on
the Natives, Fauna, Flora, and ^Minerals, Sm. ;"
F. S. Dobbins, " False Gods;" James De ]Mille,
"The Dodge CHib ;" John Ash, LL.D.. "A Gram-
nnir and Dictionary iif the English Language;"
Rev. F. Denison, the " History of the I'^irst Rhode
Island Cavalry," and the " History of the Third
Rhode Island Heavy Artillery ;" Col. C. II. Banes,
the " History of the Philadelphia Brigade;" Dr.
James T. Cliamplin, a "Text-Book of Int(dleetual
Philosophy." Prof Cleveland Abbe for ten years,
has lieen meteorologist of the bureau of the army
signal olfiee, in which he compiles the |:iublished
weather probabilities, the storm signals, monthly
reviews, and international bulletin. He has made
numerous contributions to the Anirrhaii, Journal
of >Scienrc, .Uon/iili/ Ao^/ct's, Royal Astronomical
Society, the Sniiths(miau Annual Reports, and to
Appleton's and Johnson's Enryelopiudias. Rev.
John Howard Hinton wrote a "History of the
United States;" Lieut. -Gov. Arnold, a "History

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lATI'UtA TURK

711

LITEUATUHE

of lliioJo rsland ;" Dr. Joseph Aiij^us, " The IIiiiul-
book of the Eiiglisli Tongue," '" The Ilaiidbuok of
English Literature," and " Specimens of English
Literature;" Dr. Hackett translated AV'iner's
Chaldee (Jranniiar and published liis own exer-
cises in Ileljrew granuiiar ; I>r. lienjaniin Davies
prepared a "' Student's Oraniinar" 'and a "Stu-
dent's Lexicon" uf tin' Ifebreu' language; Dr. T.
J. (Jonant translated Oesenius's Hebrew granunar,
which he enlarged and improved ; tliis work is now
the standard of the schools in America and Europe.
Joseph S. C. F. Erey was tlie autlmr of a [L;brew
grammar, the ninth American edition of wliieli
appeared in 1S35; he also compiled a Hebrew lex-
icon. Dr. Leeehman wrote a work on logic. Prof.
Noah K. Davis has published '' The Theory of
Thought, a Treatise on Deductive Logic;" and
President D. J. Hill has issued '"The Elements of
Riiotoric" and " The Science of Hhetoric." Dr.
K. Brooks, in " IJaptists and the National Centen-
ary," says, '" Dr. William Stoughton prepared an
edition of Virgil, which Inid extensive use in his
day. Adoniram J uilson published an English gram-
niar before he turned his attention to the Cliristian
ministry. Dr. Francis Wayland was the author of
very popular treatises on moral science, intellectual
philoso]diy, and political economy. Dr. A. C. Ken-
drick has published introductory text-books in
Greek and an edition of ' Xenophon's Anabasis ;'
Dr. Hackett, 'Plutarch on the ]ielay of the Deity
in Punishing the Guilty;' Dr. John L. Lincoln
edited Livy and Horace. Dr. J. 11. Boise has
given to the public seven volumes of Greek text-
books, and Dr Albert llarkncss eight volumes of
Latin text-boii'ts and one of Greek. Dr. J. T.
Champlain has published a large number of school-
books, including treatises on ethics and intellec-
tual philosophy, and editions of Deaiosthenes and
..'Esohines. Dr. J. 11. Loomis is the author of
treatises on geology, anatomy, and physiology.
Dr. S. S. Greene has pu))lislied a scries of English
grammars; Prof. S. P. .Sani'ord, a series of arith-
metics ; Prof. J. F. Stodilard, a series of arithmetics
and algebras; ami Dr. Edward OIney, a series of
mathematical text-l)Ooks, covering the whole ground
of school and college study. Dr. J. H. Hanson has
edited two volumes of the Latin authors usually
read in preparation for college. Dr. G. W. San-
som is the author of a volume on art criticism ;
Dr. S. H, Carpenter, of an Anglo-Saxon grammar:
and Prof. James G. Clark, of a treatise on the
' Dilferential and Integral Calculus;' Dr. A. A.
Gould was associated with Agassiz in preparing a
treatise on geology;" and Prof. S. RL Shute, D.D.,
"A iManual of Anglo-Saxon, comprising a Gram-
mar, Reader, and Glossary. "

The amount of secular literature coming from
the intellect and the learning of Baptists is im-

mense. They have written a multitude of books,
and control many induential secular newspapers,

POETICAL WORKS.
" Paradise Lost," by John JNIilton ; Miss Ann
Steele's ■■ Hymns and Poems" were published in
three volumes in 17>^0. Dr. John Fawcett was the
author of l^t'i hymns which were printed in 17^2.
Benjamin licddomc wrote many precious hymns;
J5enjamin AVallen, a book of hymns, publislied in
175U ; Samuel Medley, a work with 'I'A'l hymns ;
John Fellows, a book with bf> iiymns. Turner's
" Divine Songs, Hymns, and Other Poems" were
published in 174S. Joseph Swain wrote 129 liyinns,
which were issued in 17'.'2. .Samuel Stennett fur-
nished 40 hymns to Dr. lllppon in 17S7 for hi.s
" Selection." Edward Mote published a " Seh'ction"
of hymns in 1836, lOS of which were written by
himself; and Dr. Edmund Turney wrote " Baptis-
mal Harmonies," containing 3l) hymns and chants;
Richard Fiirman was the author of " Pleasures of
Piety, and Other Poems ;" liut no considerable part
of our poetical treasures can bo recorded in this
article; with Dr. S. F. Snjitli, Hon. Charles Tliurber,
Prof J. H. Gilmore, Dr. Kobert Lowry, Dr. Sidney
{•yer, ami others among the living, and Milton and
a large number among the (lead, we have great
reason to bless God for our gifts. (See article on

HVM.MS .\ND THEIR AuTIlOltS.)

SUNDAY-SCHOOL LITERATURE.

The American Baptist Publication Society has
1320 works on its list, of which 444 are for Sun-
day-school libraries. These were written with
great care and ability. Many others have been
issued by private publishers in different sections of
our country. In foreign lands Baptists are equally
interested in providing religious books for the
young, and the ellbrts wliieli they have used for
this object have been attended with great success.

In periodicals for the religions instruction of the
young the Baptists have shown great enterprise.
The Young Iti-apcr i.s probably the most popular
papier in existence ; its ]iagcs are eagerly read by
hundreds of thousands. Our Youmj People, in-
teniled for the period between eiiildhood and adult
years, is edited with great ability, and has a largo
circulation. The Baptist Publication Society lias a
list of periodicals, only two of wliich we have named,
whose pages show renuirkableada|itation to the vari-
ous stages of childhood and youth for which they
are intended. 'J'/ie Teitchcr, designed to benefit the
young through their instructors, is one of the best
Suialay-school jiapors in existence. Kind Jt'onh,
issueil by the Southern I'aptist Convetition, is a
great blessing to throngs of the young. Baptists
of all nationalities have numbers of religious papers
for the eidightcnuient of the rising generation.

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LITERATURE

712

LITERATURE

AMERICAN PERIODICALS.

Name,

Advanced Bible Lossoii fjuiirlnrly..

Alilljiunii Bapliat, Tin-

Aiiii'iiiiui Hiiplisl H;it;

Auiiiii.iii l).i|Jlist, The

Aijiuiiciui lljiptist Yi'ur-llijuk

l).i|itisr, Tliu

llu|Plisl 11^111111 T

IIii|)list II;niiior

Jiuptj&t lii-iicuii, The

liuplisl Cuiiiini, Thu

li;i|Jliil Fiiiiiily Bliipi/.iiii!

lialitist Jnunml, Till)

IJiiptist Mid^ioiijirv l^Ia^iiziiif

lliiptist rit)ht;ei-, Tliu

li.iplist Itfixiiil, The

Duptist Uelli'i tor, Tliu

Hiiplist Ituvi.^w.Thu

]{|lpti:it Si^iiul

Itjiptist TiMilioi-

liuptiat Weekly, The

llihiical l!e.;iM(lei-

llihlo Less.. II M„iithly

Ciiliiidiun lt;iplisl, 'I'lie

Caiiadiiin ,Mj.ssiiMiiuy Link

Ceutrul lijiptiat. The

Ctiildteii'a l^icture Le.s.suu

Christian Helper

Christian Index, The..,,

Chi i>lnin .Me.isentier, The

(Jhiislian fllnnitur, 'I'lie

I^liiislian U.p,,r,iluiy ..

ChriBlian Sei lotary

Chiifttian ^'laltlii..' ..,.,.

I>er Rluntere 8aeinan (fjeilnan)

Der Sendbote (IJeinnin)

Die Si)nntu^rt Kiende

l>or Wef^weiaer

Kvangel, T'he

EuiToa.

Kvan^ol, The Arkunsaa

Eviin^'elisk Tiilakril't

Kxaniiner and Chr.niiele, The..

l''ureit;n .luunnil

Cieur^ia lla]iti-it, Thu

Helping IJaliil

llenilduf Truth

Intei-niediate Le.sHon limn terly.

.Tuninal and lileaaen/^er

liind Welds

Le Moniteiir

Micliijian OhriBtiiin Herald

Miaaiunaiy llaptist

Nalii.nal Hajitist, The

Nulional H,,niliH-, The

National W.Ltrliinali

New .leraey li.iptial, The

(Jnr Little Ones

Our Young People

I'ieture Leaaon t'aida

lioligioua Herald

Standard, The

Texaa liuptiat. The

Texaa liuptiat Heral.l

Vermont Baptist. The

Waleblnan, Tlie

Wateli Tower, Tlie

Weatern Keeurder

Young Reaper

Y Wuwr ( Welah)

X.ion'a Advocate

Dr. C. R, niackull

K T. Winkler, 1)1)

I), li, Itay, 11.1)

A. (1. Capeiton. Ill*

I!ev. J. (1. Walker

.1. Jt. (Iravea, LL.I)

.(anies 1. Morris

Uev. W. 1'. Thiogiiiorlon...

Itev. W. .(. Ciawlord

Itev. A. W. Lanuir

J. Eugene Keed

Itev. A. It. Giigga

S. i\ Smith, I) 1) ,

W. \l. MeAlpine

Kev. J. li. (lainl.rell

J.il. Cheua

J. It. Uailnna, 1)1)

.1, .1. .Spelnian.

I'.S. Ilen.son, D.l)

A. S. I'.iltoii, 11. 1)

Kev. I.'. T. li.olcy

Kev. J. W, Willniartli

Wni. ftlnir

5lis. H.J, Koae

Win, Ferguaon

Mra. fll. (J. Kennedy

II. K. linrlnui, Jl 1)

II. 11. Tuck, J, IJ.U., l.L.D .

S. Seldini

Dr. 1). H llreiikiM'

a, 11. Ford, LL.I)

S. 1). I'helpa, D.I)

Kev. .1. E. lloiiper

Uev. J. (J, lla.aelliuhn

Uev. J. C. Ila.selhnhn

Kev. J. (.!. Ilaai Ihnbn

Uev. J, (J. Ilaaelhuhn

Kev. J. T, I'lior

U. K, Woniaak

J, II. Searey

I'rol. J. A. ICdgren

K. Itright, II I)

II, A, Topper, D.l)

Uev, Win. J. Wldte

(i. ti. Abbott, 1)1) ,

Mis Max. Kennedy

G. W. Laalier, D.D

Uev. S. liovkiii

T, Aniyrauld

Uev. L. II. Trowbridge

C. tj. Dirkinaon

H, L, Wajland, D,D

Kev, K. L I'eriy

Howard IJunts. ,Ir

John \V. Moody

Dr. U. K. Illaekall

A, J. KoMland, 11. 1)

Mrs. M. (.;. Kennedy

A. ]•;. Iiiikin.son, D.'D

I'lof. II. 11. Harris, D.D

J. A, .«jnitli. D.D

Kev. It. C. liuekiier

J, li. Link, D.D

Kev. J. K. Ri(diardson

Luciua L. Smitli, D.D

J. W. Ollnst.'ad, D.l)

A. (!. Capeitoii, D.D

li lirillitli, D.D

0. (Irillith

Kev, H. S. liunago

lysi'&u.

Quurlerly .
Weekly.,,.,

Monthly,
Y'uai ly....
Weekly...

Monthly,.
Weeklv.,,,
Month'ly..

Weekly.,

Quarterly ,
Monllily...

Weekly..'.',',

Moutlily'.V,

Weekly

Jlonlhly...
Weekly. ...
Monthly..,

Weekly,.',!',

M.nithlv.
Weekly'.,.

Monthly,.
Weekly..',!

Monthly

Weeklv

Montlily

Weeklv

Moiilbly

Seini-niontiily..

tiuarterly

Senii-inouthly.,
Weekly

Senii-niontlily,

Weekly

Semi-monthly,
Monthly

Weekly.,
Monthly.
Weekly.,,

Monthly,
Weekly.,.

Seiid-nionthly..

Montlily

Weekly

WlIE-KU ruilLISUEU.

Pliiladelphiii, Pa.
Marion, Ala.
St. Louis, Mo.
Louisville, Ky.
I'hiladelphia, I'll.
Memphis, Tenn,
Cuminiiig, tia,
Ueuton, HI,
Albany, Uiegon.
(ireenville, ,>i. C,
I'lu'ladelpbia, I'a,
DalluB, Texaa,
Ilostmi, JIass,
Marion, Ala,
Clinton, Bliss,
Nashville, Teliu.
Cincinnati, u,
Jackson, ,Miss.
I'iiibide]|,bia, I'a,
New V.nk, N, Y.
Kaleigli, N, C.
I'bibnb l|diia, I'a,
Toronto, Unlario.

St. Lonia, IMo.
I'lliladellilua, Pa,
Toronto, (.)ntaiio,
Atlanta, (ia,
Halifax, Ntiva .Scotia,
Cailiesvillc, Ga.
St, Lonia, Mo.
llartrord, Conn,
St John, New lirmiBwick.
Cleveland, U,

San Francisco, Cal,

Little Kock and Dardanelle

Chicago, 111,
New York, N, Y,
Kichiuund, Va.
Augusta, Ca,
lioslon. Mass.
Oakland, Cal,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Cincinn.iti, 0.
Macon, Ca,
Cninby, (Jueliec.
Detroit, Mich. ■
Meniiihis, Tenn.
Philadelphia, Pa.
llrooklyn, N, Y,
Albany, Oa.
Tieutoii, N, J.
Pliihtdelphia, Pa.

Kiehinond, Ya,

Chicago, III.
Dallas, Texas.
HiMisttin, Texaa.
Kutland, Yt,
IJoBton, Mass.
Now York, N. Y,
Louisville, Ky,
Phlladelpbia, Pa,
Utica, N, Y.
I'urtlainl, Me,

BRITISH PERIODICALS.

• The Riiptist Handbook, yearly ; The Baptist Al
mauac, yearly; The Baptist Ynir-Uoulc and Alma-
uai-, yearly ; The General liaptid Almanac, yetirly ;
Spim/cou's Illustrated Almanac, yotirly ; The Qnar-
icrli/ Re},orler of the German Baptist Mission, (|iiiir- !
torly; Baptist Mayazine, inotitlily ; Baptist Mes-
senijer, montlily; The Church, montlily; General
Baptist Mai/azine, montlily; Earthen Vessel
juoiithly ; Gospel Herald, and Voice of Truth,
iiiuntlily; Missionary Jlcrald, montlily; Jurcnile

Missionary Herald, monthly ; Sword and Trowel,
monthly ; The Irish Baptist Magazine, monthly •
The Ereeman, weekly ; Tlie Baptist, weekly.

M'ELSH.
The Welsh Baptist Jlandbook, yearly ; ]' Greal
(TheMac/azine), montlily ; Vr Athru.w{The Teacher),
monthly; Cydymaith Y i'lcntyn (Child's Com-
jii(i/(/o;(), monthly ; Seren Cymrn {Star of Wales)
weekly.

SCOTLAND.

The Scottish Bajilist Mayazine, monthly.

V^-^ ' ■:..:■}' r.y

i A )(

(I ii.

,.., ft' fr 'ij.' .....

tM,

(IJ.

..J .Ml.r' I ♦..

■I ■...'-..1 ,'-'<" :

•I ,-::;_'.l i' ii ■.■ .'. 1

'.K.'.iic'iijni^ r.'A':'v

■I '-J,

,..!.'.

IJTTLKFIKLD

713

LOFTON

Littlefield, Gov. Alfred Henry, was b.ini in |
Suitiiato, K. 1., April '1, ISli'.t. Su\ cnil uf liis an- j
cijstors ()ccu)iie(l ]]roniiin'iit po.siliuii.s in the admin- j
istraliun of tliu civil adiiirs of Uliude Island. Ho
was one of a family of eleven cliildven. In the
sprinij; of 1851 he entered into partnevship with his
brother. The business of the linn wa* so .snccess-
I'ul that it has boeonie one of the most pi-ominent
in th(^ State, (aov. Littli'lield hail an appoinlnient,
in the civil war as bri;^adc qnartermaster on the
staff of lirij;.-(!en. (X Arnold, and in various ways
rendered ollicient aid t(j the government, and e.'i-
tended his sympathy and pecuniary hel)) to the
families of the soldiers. He has lilled, and con-
tinues to nil, im|iortiiiit positions in dilfcrcnt cor-
|>orations in Pawtncket, It. I. Hi; has represented
the town of Mncoln in both branches of the (len-
er.d Assembly. He was chosen ii;overnor in KSSl).
tiov. Littlelield is an hubituul atleiid;iiit on the
ministry of Ilev. Georjfe Biillen, pastor of tlie
First Baptist church in I'awtuckef, of uhich his
wife is a menjber.

Lloyd, Rev. W. B., the oldest Baptist minister
in Mississip|ii, was born in (!eor;;iii in ISU'J ; be-
came a Baptist in 1S'J5, and at once boi^an to
preach ; was ordained the followini; year. He set-
tled in Noxnbe Co., !\liss., in IS.'iO, where he cn-
gaj^ed actively in the ministry. He was an able
preacher and a successful revivalist, havinj^ liap-
ti/.ed about 3UU0 persons during (he tifty-live years
of his ministry.

Lloyd, Rev. W. S., was bom in llyd(^ Co., N. t^,
Feb. 'SI, 181 I ; ordained iji South Carolina in IS35 ;
educated in Furman University, in both the literary
and theological courses. After a useful ministry
often years in that State, lie settled in Macon Co.,
Ala., in 1845, where lie leiiniincd until his death.
Soon attracting general attention, he Ijecainc one of
the most popuhu- and useful, as he was one of the
nnist gifted niinisti'rs in the State. A striking
form, excellent social qualities, with the spirit of a
Christian, he made friends of all with wlionj he
came in contact. His churches were among a
wealthy and highly-cultivated penple. He fell
dead in the ])ulpit in the midst of one of his elo-
i|uent sermons, at .Mount -Meigs, jVla., at eleven
o'clock on Sabbath, March \'l, 1854. Ilev. W. E.
Lloyd, of Auburn, one of the best [ireachers in
Alabama, is his son, possessing many of the striking
and noble traits of liis brilliant father.

Locke, Rev. Jacob, an able and u.sel'ul preacher
of the Old Green lliver Association in Kentucky,
was born in ISerkcdey Co., Va., about IT'JS. He re-
moved to Mercei- Co., Ky., in 1780, and subse-
rpiently to Barren County of that State about I7'J'J.
Here he was ordained to the ministry in 18Ul, and
became pastor of the Mount Tabor Baptist ehundi
in 18U3, besides supplying several other churches.
4()

Mr. Locke was a nnui of wisdom, piety, and zeal.
He was the leading man in [danting and establish-
ing the young churches and guiding their associa-
tional councils. He was moderator of Green Kiver
Association for more than twenty years, and then
of Liberty Association from its constitution nntil
Ills death, wdiicli occurreil -Jan. 18. 1845.

Lofton, George Augustus, D.D., jiaator of the
Third liapiist (diui-ch, ,^t. I.uuis, .Mo., was born
Doc. 25, l,s:;'J, in I'enola Co., .Miss. He linished
his eilucation in |.S5'.l-li() at iMcrcer I'niversity.
It was his purpose to enter the Jlethodist min-
istry, but in 185'.), from the stud}' of the Greek
New Testament, he was convinceil of the Scrip-
turalni'ss of Bajitist views, and was immersed into

(lEOliGE .MJCIISTUS l.OKTO.V, D.D.

the fellowship of the Second Bnptist church, At-
lanta, Ga. In 1861 he enteied the service of the
Confederacy, am! continued through the war as an
ollicer of artillery. He enti'red the Baptist minis-
try at Americus, Ga., in l8liS; and sinc;e that lime
Dr. Lofton has served as pastor, lu-incipally, the
Baptist church at Dalton, Ga., tlie First Baptist
church at Memphis, Teiin., and the Third Baptist
church at St. Louis, IMo. These churches have all
nourished under his care, nunierically, s[)iritually,
linancially, and socially. He has ba|iti/.ed some
IH)0 converts in his churches; and he is regarded
.as a devoted, able, ami srnic^sful pastoi', a sound
and practical jireaidier, an indefatigable worker, a.
Iricnd to the [inor, a jiopular speaker. Besides
many articles ajid sermons fir the jierioilical press,
he has written and published some jjonnd volumes,

'/.v>"; \''>i

... , . / 1 , I .;ii'i ■!• ".■ ..■ ■■■' .■! I mJm:'u;'.

'111(1.:. Mi . - , ' < ( :■ . , ' .?-.>: '.

'! " .,.'• • '.H . ■ :; ,:.!•/, ,.lrii'.|,i ■■:,; -.
.. U.lT ... i.-ril";;. - i.;HJl>'} .)IO!)OJ ! >■

I

■'.■•; I 'I'

ii

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■'■ ■■■ '" • -■•■-■ , '• '' "' 4''"1 (■'■'■' •'

,• .:■■■ u.lr:T :■'.■■'. ■■■■ .../. l.Mlj, ,,,,, ,

■ji:!' li. 'i--.i:;i; •:■■ • 'i •■ M ji"*i . ij ip

-I' .: I -..I., .. rVl' ..1, I
;,• * ' ( ■!. .I'l'.VL .1-

..Ii .f.- :\- . .<- I, ...

•l..iMi.'.i, 111.;: . J

ml .. I -il.' .'
I

. lU
II ■■liUlj

, ■ .1 .'.-i.j

■ ).; "; . '■(.• .• ' ... .■.\r ..■ '■ '.l:i.:i '/, i:

ijilill 'I. d/lV' tl!l ,'{■

-.•111 V, ; .,.,! uM,:-;.

. ■, ' , ■• i' ■. Ill ■'.! . ....: ii'l. ^.1.. -I-. , ■'■

:>ilj 1:. . ■ :.

/ - f .-Ii ;, li . :l .;,•!(/ ,,('. .■%

.1 III 1.11

lli|l'.-|i

iiMnilr
il. ijil. ■ III li.iiiii 1

lov::

..ii !.
Jiiii>ii-(.-i /. ..'il'

u • .:iii|n!ii|

l-'lt.jl ill I'il"l|i9 'il .', I ..! :il'./, '(r •! .1:1 .|'|. ni.l 'l.l 'ill.. '' • urliiiH

-ill'.... W
■.:'♦ u'> I ., .!.

■V- cLii .vt'..i .-i.t ' .:! </ .

> : I . '1,1 , I ;.. . ! ' . . .■..I',.i-.i,i ;, ,.t . ,, I ,. .,, -, iM:i I ■' ' ,1 ,'..iii

•' '■ .: .1.' ... '■ I " ■ -J' ■ ' ill .. 'iW.i'- I— ■ . , "." .,ll,,'.l..l/

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,;. 1, .: ',: ri'- ...,

I ,., I

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I,,,. I ,.

\ I in

.1 .. I .■ 1.

LONG

714

LOO MIS

whicli have received favorable ci-iticisin, and which
^ indicate culture and orij^inality. He is in the
jii-inie of life, and has the promise of many years
of usefulness. Ho and his present charge are in
close bonds of sympathy, and are co-operating most
successfully in religious work of ail kinds in St.
Louis, in the State, and in the regions beyond.
'I'horoiighly evangelical, ])\-. Lofton leads any
church he serves as pastor in the most elficient
methods of work, and into the widest fields of use-
fulness. He served faithfully and suffered greatly
through the yellow fever scourge of 1S7.j in iNIem-
phis; and in 1875 he led his' brethren in the cen-
tennial effort to endow the Southwestern Baptist
University at Jackson, Tenn. lie was also presi-
dent for two years of the Southern Baptist Pub-
lication Society, located at iMemphis. Dr. Lofton
is especially prominent and well known in the
South, and he is rapidly ac(iuiring a national repu-
tation.

Long, Rev. F. M., traces his anctistry to the
" aAIayllower" and I'lyoiouth Ruck. Ho was born
Sept. 30, 1839, in East Tennessee, wiicro he was
converted. He was baptized in Macoupin Co., HI.,
licensed in 186-Ir, ordained in 1865 by the Honey
Creek church, and preached with great success for
ton years in 3Lxdison, Bond, and Montgomery
Coujities, 111. In 1874 he removed to Oregon, and
has since then been connected with the Oak Creek
church, giving occasional aid to the Providence,
North Palestine, and Lacreole churches. He is an
earnest, doctrinal extempore preacher, and is one
of the most logical reasonors in the Oregon pulpit.
He does not jnit himself forward, but when called
out carries all hearts with him. A diligent stu-
dent and active pastor, he deserves the love of the
brethren and the churches, which he possesses to
an unusual degree.
Long-, Prof. J. C, D.D., LL.D., was born in

Cunj|ii,rll Co., Va., iVdv. i;8, 1S;;3 ; graduated at
Richmond College in June, 18.06. The niouth fal-
lowing his graduation he was appointed tutor in
the college, but resigned at the close of the first
session ; was ordained in Grace Street church,
llichmond, Va., July 5, 1857. In the summer of
1857 he was elected teacher in the Florida State
Seminary, and held the position for one year in
conuectiou witli the pastorate of the Tallahassee
church. He thttri became [jastor of the Cumber-
land Street church, Norfolk, Va., and remained
until 1801, wjii'ii the relationship was broken up
by the war. Frcjin 1 80 1-05 ho resided in Gooch-
land Co., \'a., and during part of the year 1803
was teacher of a school in Duiiville, \'a. lie sub-
se(|uently became pastor of the Pine (.!re(>k and
jMount Tabor churches. From 1800-08 he was pas-
tor ol' the Scoltsville and Hardware churches in
Albcnmrlc County. lu 1808 ho became pastor of

the church at Charlottesville, Va., where ho re-
mained until April, 1875, when he was elected
Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the Crovicr
Theological Seminary. In this jiosition he con-
tinues to render valuable service to the cause of
ministerial education. He received the degree of
D.I>. from llichmond College in 1872, and that of
LL D. from Baylor University in 1880.

l>r. Long is a man of ripe scholarship, unas-
suming manners, and most genial social accom-
plishments. His writings evince tlio results of
long-continued and patient research, and display
his marked ability to interpret the facts of history
in their relation to the church of Christ. His ser-
mons are rich in the clear, simple, and devout ex-
position of the Word of God.

Long, Wimrod, a banker, merchant, and manu-
facturer, was born in Logan Co., Ky., July 31, 1814.
At the age of fourteen he went to Russellville, the
seat of justice of his native county, and entered a
store as clerk. Three years afterwards he became
a partner in the house. In a short time the senior
partner died, and Mr. Long took his brother into
the partnership. They were very successful. After
some years Mr. N. Long withdrew from tlie busi-
ness, and became a commission merchant, and
afterwards estaljlished the banking-house of N.
Long & Co., and in 1870 built the largest Uouring-
inill in the State. This, like all his enterprises,
proved a.success, and Mr. Long is now a wealthy
capitalist. He became a memljor of the Baptist
church in Kussellville in early life, and has used
his business talent arul growing capital for the
cause of Christ with rare liberality. Ho was or-
dained a deacon of his church in 1832, was made
its treasurer in 1838, and has for many years been
suporiiitondent of the Sunday-school. He has been
the leading spirit in founding and endowing Bethel
College, one of the best and most flourishing insti-
tutions of the West. After contriljuting largely to
the erection of its buildings, he endowed the chair
of English, known as the N. Long professorship.
In 1870 ho conceived the idea of boarding students
at actual cost, and, to carry it out, caused the erec-
tion of the N. Long hoarding Hall, capable of ac-
commodating 100 stcnlents. He has also been a
liberal patrcm of Georgetown College and other in-
stitutions of learning in his denomination.

Longley, Avard, M.P., was bom in Wilmot,
Annapolis (bounty, Nova Scotia ; is a member of the
Wilmot Baptist rhureh ; represents the county of
Annapolis in the Parliament of Canada. Mr. !
Longley has been mm-h in political life: is a gov-
ernor of Acadia Colli:i;c!, a slrong advocate for pro-
hibition of all intoxicating liipiors, and a friend of ■
all denominational entei-prises.

Loomis, Rev. Ebenezer, was born in 1794-,
baptized in KSU'J; preached lirst in T'olland Court- .'

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LOO. MIS

715

LOO MIS

]Iouso, Coun., ia 1821 ; ordained in Now London,
Conn. ; labored aa pastor, exploring af;ent,and evan-
gelist in Kielilield, Otsego (Jo., N. Y. ; First New-
urk, N. J. ; Hudson, N. Y. ; S|iriiigvllle, lioston,
and Evans, Western Now Y'urk ; Detroit, China,
and Coldwater, Mich. ; Cincinnati, 0. ; Nortii
Lyme; First Colchestea-, Brool<lyn ; FiVst North
Stonington, Preston, and Killiiigly, Conn. ; Fre-
donia, N. Y. ; finally Bradlbrd Co., Pa.; gifted,
scholarly, amiable, devoted ; gave tliousands of
dollars to cliurclios, to Connecticut Literary Listi-
tution, and to the missionary press in IJurmah ;
always traveled on foot; died in Bradford Co., Pa.,
in 1872, in his seventy-ninth year.

Loomis, Prof. Freeman, was born in Water-
ville, Me., May 21, 1844. His studies preparatory
to admission to college were pursued mostly at the
academy connected with the university at Lewis-
burg, and he was admitted to Freshman standing
in June, 1802. lie graduated in 18G0, taking
the second honors of liis class. lie passed at
once to theological studies, the course in that de-
partment then occupying two years. Having
finisheil his theological course, he was temporarily
appointed to the principalship of the academy in
the S])ring of 1S()7. At the commencement in
June the board of trustees elected him principal,
which position ho held for two years. In 1869 the
preparatory department became distinct from the
ju^ademy, and he was ])laced at the head of it. In
1879 the ))reparatory department again became a
part of the academy, and Prof. Loomis resigned
his connection with it. In 1870 he obtained leave
of absence, and occupied himself for two years in
the study of French and (jlcrman in Berlin and
Paris. During his absence, in 1871, the trustees
jippdintiid him to the chair of INIodern Languages
in the university. This position he held in con-
nection with that of head of the preparatory course
till his resignation of the latter in 1879. Since
that time he has held only the professorship of
Modern Languages. In this deiiartnn^nt his in-
struction is faithfully given, and he is deservedly
popular with his classes.

Loomis, Rev. Hubbell, died Doc. 15, 1872, in
his nincty-eighlli year, at Upper Alton, 111. He
was an example alike of the physical vigor and of
the intellectual and spiritual robustness of the New
England stock. He was born at Colchester, Conn.,
May 31, 1775. As his father, a descendant of Jo-
seph Loomis, who emigrated from England to this
country in IG3S, was in moderate eircumstunces,
he was thrown .-hielly upon his own resources in
procuring his edui-atiun, graduating at Union Col-
lege, Schenectady, N. Y., in 1799. Having studied
theology nniler Itev. Joel Betu;diet, of I'lainliriil
CciMM., he was licenced as a Congregationalist min
ister in 1801. His fn-st pastorate was at Willing

ton, Conn., where he continued twenty-four years,
uniting with his pastoral duties the work of a
teacher, one of his pupils being Jared Sparks,
afterwards so eminent as jiresident of Harvard
College and author of " The Life of Washington,"
and other valuable works. In the later years of
this pastorate, as a result of earnest study of the
Scriptures with reference to questions of denom-
inational diti'erence, he became a Baptist, and
united with the Baptist church of Willingtun;
this event, of course, dissolving his connection
with the church he had served so long, and neces-
sitating great self-denial in other respects.

In 1829, Mr. Loomis removed to Illinois. After
some months spent in Kaskaskia and Edwards-
ville, he settled in Upper Alton, and then founded
the .semiimry which in 18I1.J became incorporated
as Sluirtleir College. His name stands lirst on
the list in the college charter of incorpiu-ation. He
was a liberal donor to the college, and to the end
of his life its earnest friend, while in the various
exigencies of its history his counsel was often
sought. He was remarkable for conscientiousness;
an ardent advocate of human rights, and a warm
friend of moral reforms. One of his sons. Prof.
Elias Loomis, of Yale College, ranks with the emi-
nent men of science in this country, while others
of his children have lilled stations of great useful-
ness, one daughter, Sophia, having been the wife
of lion. Cyrus Edwards, another, Caroline, was
married to Prof. Newman, of SburtlelT College,
who died in 1S44; a son, David B., residing in
Minnesota, has filled several terms as a member
of the L(!gislature of that State; while another,
John Calvin, was at one time Professor of Lan-
guages in the Alabama University.

Loomis, Justin R., D.D., LL.D., was born in
Bennington, A't., Aug. 21, ]81li. At the age of
seventeen he went to Hamilton Literary Institu-
tion, and at a subsequent date he entered Brown
University, and graduated with marked honor in
1835. Shortly after his graduation he was elected
profc^ssor in Waterville College, now Colby Uni-
versity.

Determined to thoroughly inform himself in tiie
field of his chosen studies, he visited South Amer-
ica, where he spent a ]irolitable year in scientilic
explorations through Bolivia, Peru, and Chili.
Thus prepared for more ellicieut service, he was
elected Prcjfessor of Natural Science in the uni-
versity at Lewisburg, Pa., and in 1858 succeeded
to tlie presidency. This oirice he held with sin-
gular ability for twenty years, retiring from it in
January, 1^'79.

His consistent and blameless life, his many acts
id' benevolence, his indomitable will, combined
with praetical gonil sense, his warm interest in Ihc
welfare of the university, and es|)ei'ially in the

a \'

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LORD

16

LORDS SUPPKR

students, liis influence in slmping tlie cliaractei' of
the town, iiiid in Biiiikinjj tlie Baptist church cJi-
(ic(^, wliicli was mainly erected by his own exer-
tions, anioni; the best in the State, have left a stamp
of permanent value upon the history of the uni-
versity.

As an author, he has ju'epared various standard

1

JUSTIN K. i.OOMIS, 1. 1.. I).

works: "Principles of (Joology," '' I'hysiolony,"
and "Anatomy," are works of great value, while
various essays, lectures, pamphlets, and sermons
attest the possession of talents of a higli ordir.
Wliilo iic could lay no high claim to oratorial
power as a jjublic speaker, yet his presence and
counsel at the meetings of the Associations and
other bodies were always welcome, and were much
desired.

His son, Freeman Loomis, is a professiu' in the
university at Lewisburg.

Lord, Edward C, D.D., was born at Carlisle,
N. Y., Jan. i;ii, liSlT, and was a graduate of I\Iad-
ison University. IFe was ordained at I'restnn Hol-
low, N. Y., Aug. 27, I84G, having previously re-
ceived an aj)pointmcnt as a missionary to China.
lie reached Ning|)o June 20, 1847, and was con-
nected with Dr. Macgowan in the care of that
station. Having acipiircil the language, lie was
able to preach to the natives and hold conversation
witli them <ai religions subjects. The health of
Mrs. Lord made it necessary for him to return to
the United States, which ho reached at the cUjm; of
1851. Keinaining here a little less than two years,
he returned to Ningpo. Arriving there .June 1,

1854, he commenced again his missionary labors,
taking, as far as possible, the place of the lamented
Goddard, and having Mr. Knowlton as a co-worker
with him. While occupied with these evangelical
labors, Mr. Lord jierformed some work in his study.
Writing to the Executive Committee, in 18C0, he
says, " iMy notes on the Epistles to the llebr<'ws
and llonumsliave been completed, and considerable
other labor of a similar kind has been performed,''
And the next year he writes, "My notes on the
First Epistle to the Corinthians have been com-
pleted and put to press. 3Iy notes on Ephesians
liave been carefully revised, and those on Second
Corinthians are in course of pre[iaralion." In I8("i3
he writes, " At Ning))0, in my own neighborhood,
I have plenty of work, and I am thankful to say
there is much encouragement. At the conimuuion
season, about three months ago, 1 Iiaptized five per-
sons, three men and two women, and I have at
(iresent sev(U'al applicants." 'I'he connection of
Mr. FiOrd with the Missionary Union closed in July.
I8fj4. He was in the diplomatic service of the
United States in Cliina, and performing more or
less of missionary service for several years. His
formal connection with the iMissionary Union Inis
been resumed. He has litid charge of two chapels
in Ningpo, being aided in his work by three native
pi-eaciiers.

Lord's Supper, The.— The Lord's Supper, in its
funii, must be bread and wine ; for Matthew says
that Jesus took bread and blessed it, and brake it
and gave it to the disciples and said, " Take, eat :
this is my body. vVnd he took the cu]), and gave
thanks, and gave it to tliem, saying. Drink ye all
of it." — Matt. xxvi. 28. The retention of the cup
I'rom the laity in the Church of Rome, de]irives her
lOueharist of every divine sanction, and reduces it
to a mere human invention.

The Suiiper is a iiiemorial or rcmcmhnniccr of a
slain and ahscnt Saviour. His wounds and death
are shown by the broken bread and the flowing
cup. IDs bodily absence is proved by the object
of the Sacrament. Speaking of the bread Jesus
says, "This is my body wliich is given for you;
this do in raneiitbraitce of me." — Luke xxiv. I'.l.
We can only remember absent persons. So that
the purpose of the Kncharist as a remembrancer
makes it certain that Christ's body is nrjt in it.
And Paul teaches the same truth wlien ho writes,
— "For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this
cup, ye do show the Lord's death till He come.'^ — I
Cor. xi. 26. Di body, lie is not in the Supper, for
it is intended to be oljscrved till Jesus, whoia " the
heaven must receive until the times of restitution
of all things" (Acts iii. 21 ) shall come in tiie glories
of his linal advent. His bnnianity is now at the
right hand of God. His Deity is cverywheri', but
IK'Culiarly near the devout worshiper. 'I'he transub-

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LORD'S SUrPEli

LOUIMKR

stiuitiatioii* of Koine, and the consiibstantiatioiif
of iiiitlnu' iii'i.', tlicri'lore, without I'oiiinlatioii oitlicr
ill Si-ri|itiin! or in I'act.

'I'lm solo (lii'i'ct tiiacliiii;; of tiu; .Sup|ic'ris: The
aijiJiiy of Jcdii.^- l/ie sK.'itciKtni-e of rcitcvincd nun.
Strange that //rrai^ should lie tlie liifuve to repi-i'seiit
the body of Chri.-st. Why not his iiiiagu in sold or
silver? Ilisstaluo in niarlile or wood ? llis|iii'-
tnre on eanvas? Then caeh wound might have
been seen, and every writhe of anguish. 15ut no,
bread, the J'ood of the world, and wine, the beverage
of nuiny nations, are chosen to exhibit the wounded
body of Jesus. Food and drink, the sU|i|)ort of all
hunniu life, constitute the inonitinent erected Ijy
Jesus for himself, — the food, broken bread, to re-
mind us of his torn body — tlie cup, wine, to repre-
sent the purple current drawn from his veins. Ami
these cmlilems are not to he viewed, siinphj, in sol-
emn sadness, nru- evim in joyful faith,- — we are to
parl<ike of thou. 'J'hus teaching that as food anil
<lrink sustain men, without which their bodies must
perish, so the suU'erlngs of Jesus are the biead and
lilt bererage of the soul. And as it would be mad-
ness lo try to support llesh and blood cm anything
but fond and drink, so it is insanity to look any-
where but to Christ's woes for the nourisliment of
the undying spirit. And the true diseiple, by a
iuingering faith, ought to make these sorrows bread
for his soul ; while by a tliirsting frame of spirit
be ought to drink at these crimson streams of divine
torture. And as we need bread and drink alt the
lime, the choice of these emblems by the Saviour
proclaims to us that hit; wounds and death are a
constant su|i]ily lor the necessities of a soul jier-
petually in want. What other doctrines"' could be
<lesigned by such emblems ? Beyond all doubt God
speaks to us through them, and says. Like the
body needing bread several times ei'i;/// day, so your
.souls rei|uire atoning blood each instant, and like
the food of mankiml there is an everlasting supply
for all the weaknesses and criminal e.xjieriences
that nnirk each footprint of your earthly journey,
to which you are as welcome every moment as to
the food that covers your own tables, or the fruits
that wave in golden beauty on your own abundant
liarvest-lields. '" lie that spared not his own Son
but deliveri'd him up lor us all, how shall he not
with him also ^//et/// ijive us all thini/x-" — Koni.
viii. 33. " JJy one oli'ering he halh ]ierJ'eeledJorever
all them that are sancti(ied."-»']Ieb. x. 14. " I jrive

* The Council of Tiiiut Ooii-ec?«, " If any man shall tleny, that in
tlio HarraniL'iil u( tin' rutwt liuly ^■:nI^llar■i^t, tlnTe is cujiluiiu'il really,
1 1 ul.v, unit snIpMl.liahill} , rt.- bii.lil ,aul blijuil, In.jHIivr ir.itli llli: noill u.,.i
itiiitiitij of our Ijur»l .li'snd UlirinI, anil ao lalmW CItrUl, but tjlmll Buy
lio ia only In it in sijin, or ligui'u, or powor, Ul him be ttri-iuanl."
1)0 Kiichari^, Can. i. I.t'bS. xiii. \>. Gl. Canoncs ut Diicreta CoiiLilii
Trill. LliBia', 18C.:i.

t Tho holly ami hlooil olCliiUt truly piosent In tlio .Sniip'-r.
Auf^tihuig Conft-'S^iou, .\ili'ly v.

onto them eternal life ; and they shall never ]>erish,
iii'ilher shall any pluck them mitof my hand." —
John X. l!"i. 'I'hank Clod for tlir Ijord's Supper!

'{'he Supper has no commission to teach us charity
for each other. Jlxaiuine the descriptions given of it
in .Matt. xxvi. 2()-2S, in Mark xiv. '-l-lo, in Luke
xxii. ly, 2(1, in 1 Cor. xi. l!0-2'J, and tillusions nuide to
it idsewhere, and in ertri/ instance it is a meiiKU'ial
of the Saviour's wountts and blood, — a jiicttirc of
Christ's o\\\y food for perishing souls, and in each
case destitute of any other allusion. Jlany Chris-
tians turn it into a feast of charity for members of
their own and of other sects, and speak with nn-
hnnnij luusJiness of those who observe it solely as a
remembrancer of it Saviour in the throes of death.
Charity in its own (ilace is a truly blessed grace ;
he is not Christ's who has not a goodly measure
of it; it is the idiain whose golden links bind to-
gether the whole heavenly throng, from tlie Mighty
One wielding the sword of Umnipotence to the low-
liest shining sfiirit. From the depths of our hetirts,
ejilliiisiasjii surges up in a mighty current around
charity, the daiding of heaven, — the element of
which God himself is oomposed. lint we have a
fervent love for the truth of Goil. — for that whole
body of revelation, one fragment of which exceeds
in Worth the riches of time, and all the material
sphnidors of the universe. And as tlie Lord's
Supper, according to Je^us, has nothing to do with
charity, as it is a .MoNrMicxr upon which is sculp-
turi'd the axuUisii Of Jesi's, 'J'iie lOon and uitlNK
oi'TiiE SOUL, and a monument from which the most
dazzling glories in the universe shine forth, and
around which the most thrilling melodies of
heavenly harmony shall ever lioat, why obliterate
its dioinely appointed inscription to trace upon it
any other writing, even though you inscribe upon
it man's love to his fellow, — where (lirist's love in
lines oj' blood was once read 'i* Surely this is an ini-
])ious act in any one, tiiid peculiarly so in the ad-
herents of that l'roti\stantism which boasts that the
" I5ible and the Bible alone is its religion." You
might with as much |iropriety assemble the pious
business yieoplo of several localities together on
New Year's day, who manifested tho grace of
(Christian integrity by paying their debts, and in-
duce them lo celrbrate the Supper as an exhibition
of their uprightness and probity. And if it might
be said, the cros.s shows Christ's love for us in the
Supper, the example of wliich commands us to love
one another, it might with equal justice be aflirmed,
the suli'erings of Jesus seen in the Sujiper a.v o^lr
snreh/, show him as wonderfullv honest in paying
our debts to the violated law, and fullowing in his
footsteps, we should refuse all gains not righteously
secured.

Lorimer, George C, D.D., was bom near Edin-
buigli, SL-otlauil, in IS.iS, and in that city he spent

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1.1
.1.1 ,ii .Ii

LOMMEJl

718

LOUISIANA

the early piirt of his life. For a shoi't time he fol-
lowed tlio sou, then ('or ii brief perioil ho hail some
biisiru^ss coiiiicetioii wilh a tiieulre, iiiiil ooeasioiially
perlbniieil some parts, hut (Joel liaJ Hoiiietliinij;higlier

GEOliOE C. LORIMER, D.D.

and better for hiiu than the stage. lie caiiio to the
United States when he was about eij^hteen years
of age, and liavini; been jirovidentially led to the
city of Louisvillo, Ky., lie was broii;;lit uud(;r tlie
inlliienoe of tlio ]n'cachinji: of the past(jr of the
AValnut Street Baptist ehiireh. That preaching
was blessed t<i him, and ho became a hii|)ei'ul Chris-
tian. The whole jmrpose of his life was at once
changed. lie entered upon a cour.se of study in
Georgetown (.lollege, Ky., preparatory to the Chris-
tian ministry, and in IS;")',! was ordained pastor of
the church at Ilarrodsburg, Ky. lie remained
there until called to Puducah, Ivy., and from there
to Louisville, where he was a pastor for eight years.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred
upon him by Bethel College wdiile ho • was in
Louisville. From Louisville he was called to Al-
bany, N. Y., where he renuiined two years, and
then accepted an invitation to the Shawmut Avenue
church, Boston. While in the niid.st of a success-
ful ministry with this church, the attention of the
Tremont Temple church was directed to him, and
he was urged to occupy tlmt central and im|)<irtairt
position, in whicli, for several year.s, his labors have
been so much lilessed. About eighte(^n months
ago he took cliarge of the First cluireh, (.Iliicago.
Dr. Lorimer is in the prime of his life, aiul, it is to
be hoped, of his usefulness. His ministry is a

popular one, in the best .sense of the word. lie be-
lieves in a genial religion, and seeks to draw men
to Christ by tljc sweet words of a Saviour's love.
His preacliing bus IjCcu jilesseil to the building
Mp of a large clmi-cb and congregation in Boston;
and it has been equally efl'ective in his present
charge.

Ho has just sundered his happy relations with
the First church to minister to a new community
occu]iying the iield vacated by the Jlicliigan Avenue
Baiitist church.

Lothrop, Rev. J. Grafton, was a brilliant young
minister in Eastern Louisianti, who died, very much
regretted, at Greensburg, La., June 10, 1868. He
began to preach in .li'(Jl.

Louisiana, one of the Gulf States, was long a
part of the territory of France, but was jjurchased
by the United States in 1S03. It has aljout 20,000
white Baptists and about 3(J,000 colored.

The sentiments of the Baptists were iirst propa-
gated in this State by preachers from the contigu-
ous parts of i\lississip|)i. Rev. Bailey I'l. Chaney
removed with his faniily into Eastern Louisiana,
then called AVest Florida, in 17'J8, and settled with
a number of other South Carolinians not far from
Baton llouge. He began to preach to his Ameri-
can neighbors, but he was not long without nuiles-
tation. He was arrested and imprisoned at Baton
Rouge by the Spanish authorities. But he pur-
chased his liberty by promising to abstain from
preaching in the future, and subsequently re-
turned to IMississifipi.

Soon alter the cession of the French portion of
the Territory, Joseph Willis, a mulatto, who was a
licensed Baptist preacher, and who had been a co-
laborer with Richard Curtis in Mississippi, boldly
crossed the Mississippi River, and iti 1804 preached
at Vermillion and I'laquemine Brule. The follow-
ing year he returned and settled on Bayou Chicot
in St. Landry Parish, where he began to preach,
and in 1812, with assistaiu'e from Jlississippi, or-
ganized a church, of which he became pastor.

About the beginning of the present century a
number of young ministers crossed into West
Florida, at the peril of their liberty. By the
labors of these, two churches were gathered on
Pearl River, called IMount Nebo and Peniel, which
were constituted in 1813.

Previous to 1806, Ezra Courtney, who had set-
tled in Jlississippi in 1802, nnido frequent visits
into the Felicianas and East Baton Ronge, and
about that time removed and settled near the pres-
ent town of Clinton, and in 1814 llepzibali church
was constituted. In 18 I '.I West Florida was cc<led
to the United States. Other ministers came into
this jiart of the State. Elisha Anders settled in
\V'est Feliciana, Howell Wall and W. B. Wall in
St. Helena. As early as 1818 a small church was

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LOUISIANA

719

LOUISVILLE

giitlioreJ in Now Orleans, and enjoyed the lahoi-s
ol' Itenjaiiiin Davis.

West of tlie Mississippi Josepli Willis continued
foi- several yeiU's to labor aloiii!, and or;;iini/.ed
clinrehes at Clieneyville, Verniillinn, I'laqiieiiiine
l!riil6, and Hickory Flat. In I8II1 lie was joined
in this field by EzeUiei O'Qiiinn and Ishani Nettles.
On the 31st day of October, 1818, six churehcs met
by delegates at Chencyville, and oru;anized the Lou-
isiana Baptist Association, ol'wliieh Joseph Willis
was elected moderator. Other ministers were or-
dained, anil chnrehc's increased, mainly through
the zealous labors of .Mr. AVillis.

In 1822, I'ev. Henry Humble settled on the
Ouachita liivcr, in the parish of Catahoula, and in
182('i the First church in (Jatahoula was establisiied.
Here, at a somewhat later day, labored Asa S. Mer-
cer, John Hill, tlie Meridiths, Thomas and Jann.'S,
and many chnrchcs were gatliered in the OiiachiLa
region.

In 1820, llev. James Brinson, with a number of
other Baptists, settled at Pino Hills, not far from
the present town of Vienna, and organized a church
in 1821. Here they were joined by John Impson.
They extended their laliors westward, and gathered
a cliuich about four miles east of IMount Lebanon,
called Providence. It was afterwards removed to
Atliens. Not far from the present town of Mindon
they found a few liaptists, whom they gathered
into a church called Black Lake.

In 181)7 a colony, most of whom were Baptists,
removed from South Oarulina and settled at JMount
Lebanon, in Uienville Parish. In the company was
Henry Adams, a colored man, who was an ordained
Baptist preacher. A church was organii;ed, and
Jlr. Adams bei:ame pastor. He was a man <if some
education, and was very much respected by the
cominnnity. This church became one of the most
active and influential in the State.

About the same time Elias George, Samuel J.
Larkin, and William B. Larkin began to preach in
Union Parish, and many clUirchi^s were gathered
in a few years.

In IS-bi, Itev. John Bryee, an eminent Baptist
minister, was sent to Slirevejjort as collector of
customs on imports from the reputilio of Texas.
While discharging the duties of his olfice he
preached in Shreveport and the surrounding coun-
try. In 1845 a church was gathered in Slireve-
jiort, and Mr. Bryce became pastor. His office of
collector of customs having expired by the annexa-
tion of Texas, he continued to labor in this region
until I80O. He was joined in 1847 by A. W. Jack-
son and Jesse Lee, two able ministers from Ala-
bama, and on Hec. 21, 1849, the Grand Cane Asso-
ciation was organized.

In the Sabine region the churches were |irinci-
pally ]danted and consolidated by the labors of

Nathan II. Bray after 1847. There were a few
churches before this planted by Willis and his eo-
laborers, but they were feeble and scattered. In
1848, Mr. Bray formed them into an Association
called Sabine.

The Bayou Jlacou region, lietween the Ouachita
and Mi>sissip|ii Bivers, had but few Baptists pre-
vious to bSfiU. Shortly after this J. P. Blake and
I>. D. Swindall began their labors there, and in
1855 organized the Bayou Macon Association.

Louisiana Baptist, a weekly newspaper, was
started at Mount lii'baiion, La., in 1855, l)y Itev.
Hanson Lee, and conducted with such ability that
it ranked with the abh.'st religious journals of the
South. In 18tJ2, Sir. Lee died, and the paper was
continued by W. F. Wells, with Dr. Courtney as
editor, and subsequently as )iart owner. At the
close of the war llev. A. S. Worrell bought it, but
after a short connection, resold to W. F. Wells, and
Dr. Courtney becanie editor, with W. K. Paxton
associate. At the end ol' the year 1809 Mr. >Vclls
sold his subscription to llev. J, K. Graves of the
Meiuphia Baptist, and the Liniishina Ikijitisl was
discontinued.

Louisiana Baptist Convention was organized
in 18 18. Its leading (dijects wt.'re educational and
missionary. Under its fostering care Mount Leb-
anon University came into existence and otlii'r
schools were encouraged. Its missionaries have
penetrated into many destitute parts of tlie State,
and laid the foundation for numerous churches
now nourishing. AN'ilh an active mission board,
ins|pired Ijy Rev, W. C. Friley, the State evangel-
ist, the work of the (Jonvention has greatly pros-
]iered for the last two years. Its operations during
the past year secured about ^iOUCKJ.

President, Rev. J. P. Everett, Shiloh, La. ; Re-
cording Secretary, Rev. G. W. Ilartslield, Mans-
iicld, La.

Louisiana, Baptist Messenger of, is a weekly
paper published at Farmerville, La., Rev. S. C.
Lee editor. It started in 1879 as a semi-weekly.
It began its second year as a weekly. It is well
conducted, and it is rapidly growing in public favor.

Louisville, Baptist Orphans' Home of, was

established through the elforts of the ladies of
Walnut Street church, in Louisville, in 18G0. The
building first occupied was a rented one. Soon
after the house was opened, however, Mrs. J. Law-
rence Smith, a member of the Walnut Street
church, donated to the Orphans' Home Society
1?5()00 in money and a lot of ground valucil at
S!15,(JO0, provided a sullicient. amount shouhl be
raised to erect suitable buildings thereon. The
sum of S22,OUOwas speedily secured, and in March,
181)7, the ground was broken for the foundation,
'f hi! new home was dedicated Dec. 19,1870. During
its existence 280 children have Ijeen received ; 171

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LOUli^VlLLM

120

IJIWRICY

of theso Ijiive been |ilaued in good homos, 62 liiive
been legally ailoptixl in Cliristian Ciunilics, mid 41
rciiKiiu in the home. The nbjectof the home is to
reeeive such orphiiiis as eannot lie well provided for
otherwise, and to educate and train them for iiseliil
employments until such time as suitable homes can
be jjriicured (or them in private 'families, or until
they are able to take care of themselves. Under
the inaiiagemoiit of Miss ^Mary lloUingsworth, who
has been nuitron since its organization, the home
lias b(!en very popular, and has been well sustained
by voluntary eontributions.

Louisville, Walnut Street Baptist Church

of. — 'I'lie First Baptist ehureh in Louisville was
organized by Kcv. llenson llol.ibs in 1S15, and eon-
sisteJ of 14 members. In 1839 the ehureh nmn-
bered 53'J. Eighteen withdrew and formetl the
JSecond Baptist eluireh. In 1S4'J, when both
churches were without |iaslors, they invited Uev.
Thomas Smith, who aeeepti.'d both calls on con-
dition that the eliurehes W(juld unite and build a
good house in an eligible locality. On Oct. li'.l,
1840, botli chnrches dissolved and formed the Wal-
nut Street Baptist church, and the ju'esent mag-
nificent liouse was erected the following year on
the corner of Fourth and ^Valnut Streets. The
first luiblie meeting held in the finished house was
the funerid of the pastor. The edilice cost i;105,0U(l.
Since ita erection it has been altered at considerable
expense several times. At one time $20,000 was
expended upon it. Its seating capacity is 1300. It
is the mother of tlie other Baptist churches of
Louisville, — a goodly family.

Lovelace, Rev. Colmore, was Ixjrn in Mary-
land, Nov. 2li, 17'.)''J. At live years of age his
jiarents removed lo Kentucky. At the age of four-
teen he united with .Mount M(n-iah Baptist church,
in Nelson County, lie was licensed to preach at
Severn's Valley church, in Hardin County, in 1822,
and ordained in 1^2)). lie was pastor of several
churolu'S in Salem Association, and devoted much
time to the work of a niissionarj'. lie was distin-
guished for his piety, zeal, nnd phiIantliro[)y. I'ew
men wore more devotedly loved or more extensively
blessed. He baptized more th.iii 1200 persons. He
died in Hardin Co., Ky., March 10, 18(Vl.

Lovell, Rey. AndrewSprague, son oi Stephen
and Khoda (French) Lovell, was born in Braintree,
Mass., in September, 1807; converted in 1825;
studied at Maine Wosloyan Seminary, Kent's Hill,
lieadlield, Me., at Connecticut Literary Institution,
Sultield, t'onn., and at Xewtou 'fheological Semi-
nary, Mass. ; chosen associate ]nMncipal of the
Connecticut Literary Institution in 1837 ; principal
of the city high school in Middletown, Conn., for
two years; for a time the editor of I'/te ^I'^i/is. pub-
lished in Worcester, Miiss. ; in 1847 became pastor
of the Baptist church in Manslield. Conn. ; lU'daincd

in 1848; in 18.'')3 accepted a call to Bloomlicld,
Conn. ; in 1857 settled with the Baptist church in
East Longmoadow, Mas.s. ; during the war was an
agent for the Christian Commission at Newborn,
N. C. ; in 1808 settled with the Bajitist church in
Tariffville, Conn. ; now living in Andovor, Conn. ;
very scholarly, calm, pcnuitrating, thcn-ongh in
thought, elegant in style, eminently sound in the
faith; mightier with his pen than with his voice ;
a poet of unusually delicate taste ; a man of great
purity and integrity.

Lovell, Rev. N. G., was bom in Uowdey, now
Georgetown, Mass., in 1800. lie graduated at
Brown University in 1833. and in the following
October entered Newton Theological Institution.
He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in
Princeton, JMass., in July, 1834. His subsequent
settlements were at Amherst, Bellinghani, and
North Attleborough. Seventeen years of his life
W(!re thus devoted to the ministry. His labins
were blessed in all his pastorat(!S, especially in that
of Bellinghani, where there was an interesting re-
vival of religion, followed by large additions to his
church. He died at Valley Falls, It. I., Nov. 15,
1851.

Lowrey, Gen. M. P., lu-esident of Blue Moun-
tain (.'ollege, .Miss., tell years president of Jlissis-

(il'N. M. 1'. l.oWKIiV.

sippi Baptist Convention, distinguished as an edu-
cator, preacher, editor, and as a brigadier-general
in the Confederate army, was horn in Tennessee in
1828. He began to prea(di in .Mississippi in 1852;
supplied the churches at Fariningt(ni, Corinth,

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LO}VliV

LOXLEY

Riunzi, Hiploy, and otliei- (ilaces ; in 1801 entered
the Confedei-ate service as a captain, was elected
colonel, and for j;;alhuit conduct w;is juade brii;ailier-
i^mieral, ai)d altlioiigli he rel'u.sed I'drther promotion,
he was ol'tun assigned U> tin; coiiiniand nf a division,
and served with distini^uished alulity at ('orinth,
I'erryviile, where he was wounded, and in that
terrible succession of battles, that I'ollowed Sher-
man's advance into (jiair^ia. l>iirin^ lliu war ho
preached rej^^iilarly to the soldiers, and at its close
resnmod his old field ; fonnded Blue Monntain Fe-
iniilo Collej^e; contriliuted two years to Gcon/ia
Iitdcx, and was six years associate editor of the
Meinpliis Baplist. lie is also a I'octorof Divinity.

Lowry, Rev. Jennings O'Bannon, pastor. t>f
Coliseiini Place Baptist chnrcli, New Orleans, was
borii ill (ieor;i;ia in liS51, but reared in South Caro-
lina, lie took a literary course at Erslvine College,
S. C. After a course in theology at the Southern
Baptist Tiicological Seminary, he spent some time
at Leipsie, flerniany ; was pastor of St. Francis
Street iduireh, .Moliile, Ala., Jive years ; called to
New Orleans, in Deciunber, 1879.

Lowry, Robert, D.D., washom in I'liiladelphia,
Pa., .March lli, lilliij. His parents were ineiiibers of
the Associate Presbyterian Cluirch. \l the age of
seventeen he becaiiio a subject of divine grace.
After reading the New Testameiit, he was con-
vinced that if was his duty to follow Christ in
baptism. He was immersed April 2o, 184.:). by
Dr. (jeorge B. Ide, (lastor of the First Baptist
church, Pliilailelphia. lie bitgan his religious life
with Christian work in helping to organise a Suii-
daj'-school in a destitute part of the city. For sev-
eral years he felt an irrepressible drawing towards
the ministry, but did not venture to disclose it
until his pastor ju'obed his feelings and encour-
aged him to begin a course of study. In 184S he
entered the university at Lewisbiirg, Pa., and was
graduated in 1851, receiving valedictory honors.
In the same year he was ordained, and called to
the pastorate of the First Baptist church, West
Chester, Pa. Here he remained fimr years, during
which time a new church edifice was built. In 1858
he was calVed to the Bloomingdale Baptist clutrch,
New York City. A niovomeiit for a new church
■ edifice was interrupted by the breaking out of the
civil war. In 1861 he accepted a call to the Han-
son Place Baptist church, Brooklyn, N. Y., where
he labored over eight years. During this pastorate
about 400 members wore added to the church. In
18G9 ho was induced to accept the professorship
of Bellcs-liCttres in l,e\vislmrg, and the pastorate
of the Baptist church. 'While licre the new church
edifice was dedicated. After performing this double
work for six years, he retired, with the honorary
title of D.D., to Plaiiifield, N. J. lie was sub-
sequently elected chancellor of the universitv.

Shortly after reaching Plainfiold a new church
was organized, which called him to its pastorship.
This nioveinent led to the erection of the Park
Avenue church at a cost of $40,000. lie has al-
ways been an active worker in the Sunday-school.
lie preaches extetiiporaneously, and holds tena-
ciously to the distinctive views of Baptists. AIul-
titudes know iiim as a composer id' sacred .'^ong
rather than as a preacliiir. llis melodies are sung
in every English-speaking land. Some of his
hymns have been translated into foreign tongues.
Music and hymnology arc favorite studies with
bini. Of live sons, three of whom are living, the
oldest has given himself to the work of the min-
istry.

Loxley, Col. Benjamin, was born in Yorkshire,
F.ngland, Doc. 2il, I7li'i; came to Philadelphia at
the age of sixte(Mi, and served five years at the car-
pienter's trade. iMarrled lirst Jane Watkins, sister
of his master, and on her death, Catherine Cox,
of Upper Freehold, N.J. lie had filtecn cliildr(ni.
About 1755 he helped to I'urm the 1st Artillery
Company of Philadelphia, and went as lieutenant
into the service umler lien. ISraddock, sharing his
defeat at Great Meadoivs. In 1758, Gen. Forbes
ajipointed him to take charge of the king's stores
in the ]jrovince, which be did for sevi'n years. In
17ti4 he had <mmmand of the artillery' which
awaited the invasion of the ■' Paxtoii boys," of
which Mr. Graydon gives an amusing account in
his " lleniiiiiscences." He describes Capt. Loxley
as a very honest little man, '' who was always
put foremost when great guns were in question."
In 1775, Col. Loxley was on the Committee of
Safety for Dock ^Vard, and served in the Pro-
vincial Conference and Convention (jf the times.
Commanded the artillery at Aniboy, at (ierman-
towii, and was constantly engaged in casting and
in supplying various munitions of war. While
driven out of Philadelphia by the British, they
burned five of his buildings, and destroyed other
property. Some of his fimily also served in the
army. Col. Loxley was early a member of the
First Baptist church, and liberal and consjiicu-
ous in erecting its meeting-house at La Grange-
Place. Among other Baptist houses, public or
private, where AVhitofi(dd preached in Phila-
delphia, was Loxley's residence, near 177 South
Second Street, then said to be in the country. The
front of the house was arched, and there the groat
preacher addressed tiiousands' on the geiftl^^iill,
whose slope aflTorded a rosting-place. The neigh- ■
borhood was where (^ndwalhider drilled his '' silk-
stocking company," some of whom proved doughty
warriors in times that testoil men's souls. About
opposite was the house of William Darrah, whoso
wife (Lydia) overheard a jilot laid by certain Brit-
ish oMieers, (piartered upon them, to surprise Wash-

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LUCAS

723

LUDLOW

ington at Wliiteiiiarsh. She "went to mill" early
next morning, and contrived to convey inl'ormation
■wlieroby tlie danger was averted, the Hritibli not
knowing why their plans failed. (\)1. Jyoxley died
in tliu fall'ol' J.SOI, aged iibont eighty-ono years,
leaving many of his name and blood in Pennsylva-
nia and New Jersey. One, JJenjamin K. Lo.xley,
was long a nsefnl homo missionary in i'hiladel-
phia. Another is wife of llobert Lowry, l).i*.

Lucas, Rev. Elijah, was hom in I'lyjnouth,
Bngland, in December, 1828. Whc;M ((uiteahid he
ncecpted Christ, and nniteil with the Wesleyan
Methodists. In tlie spring of IHfiO he eamc to

REV. EIJJAII I.UCAS.

America, and having been for a long time tronbled
on the suljjeot of baptism, and being convinced
that the law of Christ ref|nired immersion, ho of-
fered himself to the First ]5aptist cluirch of Troy,
N. Y., as a candidate for l)aptisin, iind was ixip-
tized by Rev. Geo. C. Baldwin, I>.l)., and some
time afterwards that church licensed him to preach.
Mr. Lucas always shrank from the work of the
niinistny, and was at last almost thrust into it by
the providence of God.

llis first settlement was at Waterford and Ilalf-
Moon, in Saratoga Co., N. Y. He .served both
those ciiurches, preacliing three times each Lord's
day. After laboring for about two and a half years,
lie removed in 1855 to Stanford, in Uutchess Co.,
N. Y. In 1S59 lie accepted a call from Green port,
and continuiid there three years, lie served the
First Baptist chureh in Ilarlem, New York City,
nine years, after haviivg labored about two and a

iialf years in Hastings, on the Hudson. On re-
tiring from Harlem he went to Kuiu]ie, and on
his return he accepted the unanimous call of the
Virst Baptist church of Trenton, N. J., and began
his labors there in 1873, and he is still with that
chureh. ,

Mr. Lucas has baptized a largo number at Tren-
ton. His church lias iivcr IdOO members, being
the largest Baptist church, except the First of New-
ark, in the State. Mr. Lucas is an able preacher
and ;i d('\(iti'cl servant of the Redeemer.

Luck, Rev. William Francis, was bom Nov.
7, ISOl, in Campbell Co., Ya., in 1827. He re-
moved to Tennessee, and lived there thirty years.
In 1S57 111! located in Ijincoln Co., Mo. He pro-
fessed religion in IS.'JO, and joined the Pleasant
Valley cluirch, Tenn. \t one time he was mis-
sionary of the (u'neral Association of Middle Ten-
nessee and North jVhiliama. He ]ireaclied until
within a few days of his death, and chiellv to four
churches. ^Ys a ]n'eacher, he was bold and im-
pressive. As an evangelist, ho was eflicient. In
Jlissouri ho labored much in revivals. He died
Doc. 2G, I87S. Rigid in discipline, prompt in re-
proof, and full of the spirit of Jesus, he commanded
the conlidence and love of his brethren.

Ludlow, Gen. Edmund, was born at Maiden-
Bradley, in AV'iltsliirc, I'lngiunJ, in 1(120, and edu-
cated at T'rinity College, O.-iford. He was one of
the judges that condemned Charles L ; he was a
distiiignishod general in the I'arliamentary forces,
ajul. for a time at the head of the large Knglish
army necessarily kept in Ireland. He was en-
dowed with a penetrating and independent mind ;
and he could not be moved by fear for the mighty
)iower of Cromwell, or by a desire for the great
favors he had to bestow, to change the course lie
had selected for himself. Ludlow was a decided
republican, and when Cromwell assumed the Pro-
tectorate, he made a vigorous jirotest against the
step, and gave up his command in Ireland. After
the return of Charles II. to iMigland, ho went to
Vevay,'in Switzerland, where he diwl in lO'.l.'i. His
" Memoirs" are necessary to com[dcto the history
of the Parliamentary war in England.

Richard Baxter, speaking of Cromwell, says,
" He sent liis son Henry into Ireland, who mightily
supprest the Anabaptists, ... so that Maj.-Gen.
Ludlow, who lieaded them in Ireland, was forced
to submit."* Ludlow was a Baptist, and worthily
he walked in days of danger and temptation.

Ludlow, Rev. James Peter, grandson of Rev.
Dr. Stitphen Gano, of Ivliode Island, was liorn at
Charleston, S. C, Jan. .5, l.s:!3. He was converted
■at sea, on the whale-ship " iltden Augusta" ; bap-
tized at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, in February,

* Diixtor'u Life, i)p. 09, 70.

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LUMPKIN

724

LUMPKIN

1853, by the seamen's chaplain, S. 0. Damon'; tlio
first imiiiersjion ever witnessed at Itonoluhi. lie
graduated at liocliester, in ISCil iVoin the univer-
sity, and in 18G4 from tlie tlieologieal seminary,
iuul was ordained in ]lS(i-l by the Central church,
Newport, 11. I.

The Aiuerican Baptist Home Mission Society
sent him to San I'^ranciseo, C'al., in'18(il, at which
place he orii;ani/.ed, in lsti5, the Tabernacle church,
and was for six years its successful jjastor. In
1872 he was pastor of Calvary church, Sacra-
mento. Failing health induced him to take a sea-
voyage around the world. "With health restored,
he became pastor at Olympia, ^V'ashington Terri-
tory, where he served with great success. In 1879
he hecame missionary for Puget Sound, with resi-
dence at Seattle, lie is deputy clerk of the U. S.
District Court of Washington Territory, over which
the lion. Judge Roger S. Greene, his friend, and
jilso a Baptist ju'eaoher, jiresides with marked
iil)ility.

Lumpkin, Rev. John, the tliird of eight

brothers, all of whom attained prominent positions,
was the son of John and Luey Lumpkin, who re-
moved from V^irginia and settled in Oglethorpe
Co., <>a. lie was born in Pittsylvania (,!()., Va.,
Nov. 4, 178."), but was brought to (leurgia in his
iuhiney, and in Ogh:thoi'po County he was reared
and educated, ami in it he lal)ored and died. lie w.as
a Baptistminister of prominence, usefulness, sterling
worth, ability, and conscientious rectitude. Gov.
Wilson Lumpkin, of Georgia, was his elder brother,
;ind -Judge Joseph Henry Lumpkin, x-hief justice of
the Supreme bench, was his younger hrother. He
united with County-ljine church, Morgan Co., in
18U8, and was onlained the same year, and imme-
diately was called to the care of churehes. During
)iis ministry he constitiited the ohurches at .i\*itioch
iind Salem, in Oglethorpe County, and Sardis, in
Wilkes County ; and at the time of his death. Aug.
1, 183'.), the buildings of these three churches were
draped in mourning.

His life was a shining example of true (Jhristi-
aiiity. As a preacher, his sermons were more re-
niarkablo for their ))ractical bearing than for
brilliancy. In his nunisterial career he labored
diligently and persistently to win souls for Christ;
and'God blessed his labors wonderfully. By eon-
forming his example to his precepts lie nuule a
deep impression upon the community where he
lived, and left to his children a spotless nanni.
During his last moments an aged minister stepped
in to bid him a final adieu, and said, "Brother
Lumpkin, you an^ now entering Jordan, how <lo
you lind it?" '' 'fhe dcejier I wade the firmer the
bottom," was the I'eply.

Lumpkin, Ex-Gov. Wilson, of Georgia, was
born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., Jan. 14, 17^3, and

died at Athens, Ga., on the 28 th December, 1870,
at the age of eighty-seven.

In 1780 his parents moved to Georgia, bringing
with them the infant destined to (ill si> many con-
spicuous positions in the State of his adoption. At
eighteen years of age his mind became awakened
to the great importance of salvation, and lie expe-
rienced peace through faith. Personal investiga-
tion of the Scriptures led to his adoption of Baptist
views, although his parents were ^Methodists, and
his ]iredilectiona were towards the Presbyterians.
In the course of time his parents, all'ected by his
baptism, became Baptists themselves, after search-
ing the Scriptures. Subsequently, others of the

iff ", I f 1

Pi ^'^JF

EX-GOV. WILSON I.UMl'KIN.

family followed the parents into the waters of bap-
tism, and in a short period all the adult mem-
bers of the family united with a Baptist church.
"God made me a iiiiptist," said Gov. Lumpkin
to a friend, in after-life, " and 1 can never be any-
thing else. I must be of this faith, if I am the only
person in the world proli-ssing it,'' and to the end
of his long life he remained steadfast to his convic-
tions.

Hardly IkhI he attained his twenty-first year be-
fore he was elected a member of the Legislature of
(ieorgia, which met iu 1801, and he dischargiMl his
responsible duties so satisfactorily that he was
elected for several consecutive sessions, hi 1814
he was chosen to represent his district in the
national councils, and took his seat at Washington
the same year, — a ye;ir nienun-able for the destruc-
tion of the national capital by the British troops.

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LUMPKIN

T2^

LUNG

For several sessions Mr. Lumpkin was vetnriieii to
Congress, bearing off tlie (ji-izo I'roiii all cuinipeti-
tors. In 1831 lie was su prominent witli liis party
— the old Union party, as it was tlien trrineil — tliat
lie received the nomination for governor, and his
election I'ollowed. Having served the State Cor two
years, he was trlunipliantly re-rlcetedin IS.i!. On
retiring from the gubernatorial chair he ri'(.'eivi'd,
from Gen. Jackson, an important commis.sion in
';onnectiou with Iiuliaii affairs, after the discharge
of which duty he Ijccame, in 183S, a United States
Senator.

lie had now enjoyed all the ]iolifical honors the
State could bestow, and being nearly threescore
y<'ars of age, lie sought retiriMiieiit ; and, piir-
ehasing a curafortable home in the vicinity of
Athens, Ga., ho spent in that locality the remainder
of his da3'8. The only public servii'C lie afterwards
rendered was as a member of the board of trustees
of the State Uuiversity, of wliii^h he was the senior
member and honored president for many years.

Few men have lived in Georgia more univer.sally
popular tliaji Gov. Lumpkin. He never failed to
secure anj' oltice for which he was a candidate be-
fore the people. For forty consecutive years he
was i-etained in positions of high trust and honor,
and for a much bjiigei- period, if we include his
service as trustee of the Static University. His
piopularity was due, in a gf)od degree, to liis un-
swerving fidelity to the trusts he had received. If
not a bold and dashing leader, he was a prudent
oflieer, and the people felt that the public interests
were safe in his hands. He was always ready to
servo his friends at any reasonable sacrifice, whilst
towards his political opponents be depiu-fed himself
with so much courtesy that ho was constantly dis-
arming their opiiosition and winnini' them to his
support.

He was endowed by nature with an active and
inquiring mind. He early learned to think for
himself, and by this jirocess his tine intellectual
gifts Avere drawn out or educated. Tliere were
few subjects of importance connected with the
science of government wliich had not been care-
fully examined by him, and his o|)inioiis were
jjromptly forthcoming whenever reiiuired. His
official papers while governor, and his speeches
while a member of Congress, are able and states-
manlike, evincing a thorough knowdodge of the
subjects discussed; and they are written with the
perspicuity and good sense characteristic of a man
who lias something to say and is intent only in
lodging his nn-aniug in the minds of those whom
he addresses.

But it was the elevated moral and religious char-
acter dignifying and adorning thelife of Gov. Lump-
kin which constituted his highest excellen<:e. He
was a Christian statesman, not indifferent to the

approbation of his fellow-men, but far more anxious
for the honor which conies from above. With some
honorable exceptions, politicians make jioor church
members; but Gov. Lumpkin never furled his re-
ligions colors for fear it might lose him the votes
of those who were of a dill'erent religious faith.
AVhether at his country home, where he first pro-
fessed faith in Christ, m- at Milledgeville, or in
Washington City, or Athens, he always took his
stand for Christ, identifying himself with his Bap-
tist brethren, however obscure they might be. As-
suming nothing on account of the high honors
he had received from the State, he took his place
among the humlilest members of the cliurcb, ever
counting it a privilege to be even a door-keeper
in the house of God. When the work of the Lord
was revived, no one rejoiced more than he ; and
it was a toilching sight to see him exhorting the
youthful converts to be faithful to their vows, when
they presented themselves for church-membership.
His silvery locks :iinl tearful eye and tremulous
voice emphasized his pions advice with a power
and pathos which subdued every heart.

He courted the conlidence of his brethren more
than the praises of politicians. Late in life he at-
tended a meeting of the Sarepta Association, and,
quite unexpectedly to himself, was olocled moder-
ator. His heart was touched by the respect thus
expressed, and ho subsccjuently remarked tiiat no
office which worldly men had confi;rred ever gave
him sucli jdeasure as the c(uilidence thus exhibited
by his brethren in calling him to preside over their
deliberations. He was a num of great faith and
large heart, iind with a nature as tender and sen-
sitive as a woman's. Afflictions severe and fre-
quent kept his heart soft. " He had," said one
wdio knew liim most intimately, " as much real,
licart-bre;iking, continued trouble as any one I
have ever known, yet such was his faith in God
that he could rejoice at all times." He was ac-
customed to say, " 1 would rather walk in the dark
with God than go alone in the light. My dear
Lord appoints all my troubles, and 1 brush away
the coming tears when I think that it is his will."

At the time of his death he was probably the
oldest IJaptist, as he was certainly among the
(dilest citizens, of the State. He served his gener-
ation faithfully, by the will of God, and then fell
asleep, — that

J'nuii w'hicli jiMii'.i cvi I wiiki'.H to vvct'p."

Lung, Rev, A. H., was born in Itush, Susque-
hanna Co., I'a., Xov. 1, iN'Jii. Ilr received bis
lirst lessons at school from Jieiij. F. Ucntly, now
Judge ]5ently, of Williamsport, I'a.

At the age of eleven years he fiuind Christ, and
was baptized at thirteen by Ivcv. Davis Himock,
and became a member id' the Rush Ba[itist church.

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LUNSFORD

72(1

Lustr

For two yours lie taught school. IIo tlicn became

iL stndunl in Hurtfii-d Aciulciiiy, in Xortlieasterii
Pennsylvania, ami after two ami a hall' years was
atlniitti.'d into Lewlsburg University, and gradu-
ated iu IS').'!. lie entered the theologieal semi-
nary at llocliestcr, N. Y., and uonipleted his course
in the class of 1855.

Acting as a supply, lie preached as op|iortunit3'
offered until May, IS57, Avhen he became pastor of
the I5aptist church at Canamlaigua, N. Y., and was
ordained the following August.

Here he labored with marked success until the
breaking out of the war. In January, 1862, he
was commissioned as chaplain of the 3jd ]{egimeiit
N. 1'. V(d8. While on the Peninsula, Va., he was
attacked with severe illness, and for several days
lay in the hospital at Fortress iSIonroe at the point
of death. Recovering, he remained with his regi-
ment until it was mustered out of service, a little
before the'battle of Gettysburg, after which he re-
sumed his pastorate at Ganandaigua. In Septem-
ber, LStU, ho was called to the ]iastorate of the
First Baptist church of Germantown, Philadelphia.
Here his ministry was signally blessed in the con-
version of many souls. In ISOG lie laid the coiner-
stone of the chapel now known as the Second
Baptist church of Gernnintown, and his church dis-
missed a ct)lony to aid in forming the organization.

In 18G7 he was permitted to enjoy the most gra-
cious revival of his whole ministry. In a single
year he gave the hand of fellowship to 202 new
members, 179 of whom were received by liaptism.

In 1808 he planted a mission in Lower German-
town, erected a chapel, and orgiinized a church,
which became the Third Bajitist church of Gcr-
niantown.

lie became its pastor, and remained with it
with mnch success until June, 1872. In that
year he was calhid to take the pastorate of the
Trinity cluirch of Camden, N. J. He is now in
Ills ninth year with this churcii, which has grown
from DO to ab;jut 400 members. i\Ir. Lang has
baptized 712 persons during his ministry.

lie is a member of the board of trustees of Lew-
isbiirg University and of South .Jersey Institute.
lie is also a member of the board of managers of
the New Jersey Baptist F.dneation Society and of
the .\merican Baptist Historical Society. He is a
diligent worker, a conscientious Christian, and a
successful pastor.

Lunsford, Rev. Lewis, was born in the county
of Stalfoi-il, Va., aliout the year 175.'!. He was
baptized by the Kev. AVm. Fristoe, and, uniting
with the Potomac church, now TInrtwood, he
began at once to preach. His labors in the North-
ern Neck of Virginia were greatly blessed, and
many were added to the churches which ho him-
self had organized. In the year 1778 he was

chosen pastor of the Moratico church, just then
constituted, and he continued in that relation until
his death, which occurred Oct. 2lj, 17'J3. .Mr. Luns-
ford, in many respects, was a remarkable man.
His zeal in the work of his Master is seen in the
fact that he would sometimes rise from his sick-
bed and preach a thrilling sermon to the waiting
crowds ; also in the fact that ho would start on long
and wearisomi^ journeys in the most stormy weather
to meet either regular or special appointments.
His journeyings took him three dilferent times as
far as Kentucky, preaching (ho gospel everywhere,
and he was listened to by thronging crowds of
an.xiousand delighted hearers. In his spare hours
he was a diligent student, and among his acquire-
ments was ipiite an accurate knowledge of medi-
cine, which made him S[iecially useful among fam-
ilies to whom he might, otherwise, not have had
access. As a man, Lunsford stood among the fore-
most in his State for consistency of character, ami-
ability of deportment, and an example of all the
nobler traits of human nature ; wliili! his powers
of reasotiing, the keenness of his sarcasm, and his
undaunted spirit, made him a terror to the wicked.
As a preacher, he had but few equals iu his day.
Ills presence was eoiiimanding ; his voice strong
and well modulated ; his conceptions quick and
elevated ; and his whole manner attractive in the
highest degree. Lunsford, with odier ]5aptists of
those days, met with considerable persecution at
the hands of the ignorant and the bigoted. He
was fre(iuently threatened, sometimes assaulted,
and more than once in great danger; but his [iru-
dence and jierseverance overcame, in a measure,
this hostility. Dr. Jeter has said of liim, " He
was eminently useful, and the churcdios wliich he
founded have enjoyed a large measure of pros-
perity. . . . lie would have bi'cn distinguished in
any age and cunntry ; . . . and, lhouL;h taken from
the field of labor in tlu^ vigor of his davs, luit lew
have accomplished more (han he for the extension
of the Kedecmer's kingdom."

Lush, The Right Honorable Sir Robert, a
lord justice of the Kiii;lisli High Court of Ap-
peals, has been for many years a prominent mem-
ber of the Baptist d<MiOMrina(ion in I'lrigland. lie
was born at SIml'tcsbury, Wiltshir.', Oct. 25, 1807,
and was (educated in his native town. He was
called to the bar in 1840, and practised with suc-
cess in- the Chancery courts, liis professional ser-
vices being held in lii^li estii'in by the leading
cdiiiimu'cial nicn of (he nuM ropolis. In 1857 he ob
tained the diiinity ol t^neen's counsel, and in ISt'i.'j
he was elevated to the bench and received the hoiiiu-
of knii^luhnod. to which has since been ailded the
dignity of a Privy Counsellor. Sir Koliert Lush
married the daughter of the Kev. Christopher
Woollacot, many years pastor of the venerable

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LUTHKR

TT!

LUTJ/KR

cliurcli in Little Wild Street, London, and witli
tliat church lie was associated until the orminiza-

THE lilGUT llONOIi.Mll.i: Silt UOHKUT I, HSU.

tion of tlio Ivc-;;eiit's I'arlc cluireli, nuihu- Dr. Lau-
dcls, iu ISfiT. Since tliat tiuie ho has served the
churcli in the (illlcc of deacon witli zi'al and devo-
tion, and has ijeen a roady Jiolper ol' the pastor in
every good work. He has also taken a lively in-
terest in the Missionary Society, and has been h)r
several years one of the treasurer.s of the l^articular
Baptist Fund. Several treatises on points of law
attest his professional eminence, and he was gazetted
in 1878 as one of the laeniliers of the lloyal Com-
mission appointed to ini|nire into the pi'ovisions of
tlie Draft Code rehiting to Indictable Ulfensos.

Luther, John Hill, D.D., was liorn in Warren,
K. 1., Jnue l!l, bSl!4. On his niolhrr's side lie is
of Huguenot origin, while his ancestors on tlie
father's side were among tlic Welsh emigrants
who founded one of the earliest liaptist churches
on the American continent, the Uev. Suuuiel
Luther being the second pastor of the Swansea
15.iptist clnjrch. lie graduated at lirown Uni-
versity in 1847. Amung his classnuites were I'rof.
G, P. Fisher, of Yale College ; Dr. J. P. Boyce, of
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary; R. A.
(iuiid. LL.D.jOf I'lovidrnce; and ]!>'njam in Thomas,
a missionary to Uormali. lie gradnutcMl at New-
ton Theological Si-minary in IS'jO ; tanglit three
years iu (je(n-gia Ijcfnro ordination ; was pastor of
Blackswamp and Old IVndlcti.n clnirclics, S. C.,
18r)4-r)S ; pn-sidcnt of Young Ladies' Seminary in
Kansas City, Mn., IH.'jS-C)! ; pustcu' of Miami
church during the war, I8lil-(ir) ; of Palmyra

church, 1865-68 ; established The Central Baptist
in St. Louis, l\Io., in IS06, and edited it for nine
and a iialf years; pastor of Fee Fee church in
St. Louis Co., Mo., the oldest Protestant church
West of the Mississippi ; pastor of Second Baptist
church, Galveston, Texas, one year, ending August,
1878 ; now ))resident of Baylor Female College, In-
dependence, Texas. His training under Wayland.
Sears, ami Hackott, his association with Sherwood
and Campbell, of (ieorgia, dohnson and the elder
Manly, of South Carolirm, have fitted him for ex-
tended usefulness. The journals of Louisville and
Boston speak of him as a line rhetorical scholar, a
thorough theologian, and an accomplished editor.
William Jewell College conferred on him the de-

-e,

JOIIM nlF.l. I,IIT1[EU, n.i).

gree of D.D. He is also a mcmlier of the Phi Beta
Kapjia Society. He is iu the prime of his powers.

Luther, Rev. Robert M., was born in Philadel-
phia, Pa., in 1842. At the age of lifteen he united
with the Chambers Presbyterian church, in Pliila-
del]jhia. For more than two years he continiu'd
his connection with tliis liody, and j.iursued prepar-
atory studios with a view to entering the Christian
niiinstry. In August, 1859, through witnessing a
baptism in the Tabernacle church, Philadelphia,
administered by Rev. W. 'f. P.rantly, D.D., lie was
led to be baptized according to the re((uircments of
the Scriptures.

This course Involved atcniiiorary separation from
his relatives, and gave him a [nactical experience
of the blessedness of putting his whole trust in the
Lord, which determined to some extent his after-
course.

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■ - ID ', ' ', I /H' .1 III

LYNDON

72S

LYNDON

He wiis licenscii to pi-oacU liy tlie Nicetown
olmrcii ul" I'liiliuh-'lpliia in l.StiU, luid iiftov coiii-
lilctini; Ills studir.Siit I'l-'nicrtoii, N..)., wus onhiirird
April 4, I.SI14, liy a coiiiioil ciillrd by tlic NiccLowii
cliurcii. Ahuut a yoar jirovioUs to tliis time Iio iiuJ
decided to enter tlie foreign mission field. In May,
18G4, having recently marrieii Calista, only dangliter
of ]lev. Dr. .1. 11. Vinton, our sainted iui.s.sionary
to tlie Karens, Mr. Lntlier and lii.s wife sailed I'or
linriruili, and liaving joined the Kangoon mission
to the Karens, they began there the work of edn-
eatiiig the future preachers and teaeliers of the
mission. Mr. Luther was chosen president of the
Pegu High and Normal School. The mathematical
department was committed to Mrs. Luther. The
theological class numbered usually about 25 mem-
bers, and was conducted entirely by Mr. Luther.
T'ho vacation of four months was spent in jungle
work and in conducting a series of evangelistic
labors among the heathen. Having studied modi-
cine, much of the intluern;e attained over the heathen
communities was due to Jlr. Luther's medical skill,
and thus by a combination of labcu's ho and his
I'aithl'id wile were enabled to do good .service fir
Christ and the church. They were not a|ipointed
by anj' society, preferring to labor independently,
and upon the work of the Uangoon mission they
oxponileJ their entire property. E.xcessivo labor
and c.x]iosure ruined Mr. Luther's health, and lie
was carried on board ship in January, 1870, and
supposed to be at the point of death. The voyage,
however, and the nnwearied care of his devoted
companion, saved his life, and he himlod, after more
than six years' absence, in July, 1870, upon his
native shores.

He has siin-e been activelj' engaged in the work
of the ministry in this country. He served the
Fifth Uaptist church of Philadelphia for seven
months as stated sujiply, during which period about
loo were led to Ohrist, principally from the Sab-
bath-school. Needing a colder clinnite in order to
control the frequent attacks of the malarial disease
contracted in the Burmese jungles, he accepted a
call to Bennington, Vt., wdiere he remaitied for
more than nine j'ears, having a very successful
)iastorate. He resigned his charge at the request
of the Exc!cutive (.'ommittee of the American Baji-
tist Missionary Union, at the same time declining
a call from the church at Waltham, Mass., to ac-
cept the position of district secretary of the ]Mis-
sionary Union for the Southern District. He
entered upon his labors Oct. 1, 1880.

Lyndon, Gov. Jonas, was born in Newport,
It. 1., .March 10, 1701. His relatives were among
the honored and respected citizens of his birth-
jdace, and he rcc-eivcd in early life a good educa-
tion. At tlu! age of twenly-si.x he was idioscn
clei-k of the lower house of the I li.'ncral As-cmbly,

and of the Superior Court of the county of New-
port, which ollices he held for many years, <lis-
chiirging his duties-with gi-(;at lidelity. The year
l7o8 is memorable in iihode Island history, it
lieing the year in which commenced an exciting
struggle for the governorship between the friends
of Samuel Ward and Stephen Hopkins. Strife
raged with great violence until, as we are told,
'•such was the lieart-burning hostility of the bel-
ligerent parties as very greatly to impair the enjoy-
ment of domestic tranquillity and interrupt the
iiospitalities of social life." Success and defeat at
dilFercnt times fell to the lot of the rival candidates,
and for ten years the State was the scene of bitter
animosity. At last the parties intcresti;d seem to
have been aware that the time had come to [)ut an
end to the quarrel, and amicable arrangements
were made for the election of a governor, both Mr.
Ward and Jlr. Hopkins stepping aside to give place
for the introduction of a new name. It is an in-
dication of the esteem in which Jonas Lyndon was
held by his fellow-citizens that he was at once se-
lected as a candidate to iill the most important
position in the State, and chosen by them to occu[iy
the gubernatorial chair, his term of service com-
mencing May 1. 1708. (jov. Lyndon came into
ollice at a time of great interest in the colonics.
Signs of growing hostility to the arbitrary measures
of the British government wer(! exhibiting them-
selves on all hands. In Uhode Island, where there
was the declaration of sincere loyalty to the crown,
there was no hesitancy in giving utterance to an
earnest protest against the infringement of the
rights of the citi/.ens. In Bartlett's '" Uecoi-da of
the Colony of Ithode Island" we find a hnigtliy
correspondence between Gov. Lyndon and the Larl
of Hillsljorough touching nnvtters in which the
citizens of Rhode Island felt the deepest interest,
anil a letter iilso which the governor wrote to the
king. In the letter, alter giving expression to the
most loyal all'ection for ''His Most Kxcellent Ma-
jesty," Gov. Lyndon and the "Company of the
English Colony of Ivhode Island and Providence
Plantations in New England in General Assembly
convened, beg leave with great iiumility to lay
before, your majesty a representtition of our griev-
ances, and to olfcr our hnmble snp|ilications for
redress." Aft('r alluding to the close ties which
nnite them to the mother-country, and brielly re-
hearsing the history of the events wdiich led to the
establishment of the New England colonies, and
dwelling with em)ihasis on the rights and immuni-
ties giKiranteed to Uhode Island by the cinirter of
King Charles II., especially the '' exclusive right of
giving and granting their own money by themselves
or by their repre8entaliv(!s," the letter of Gov.
Lyndon goes on to say. "' It is with the gi-catest
concern and grief that your majesty's loyal subjects

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Lvxno.v

LYOH

in tills colony linil tlicii- |iro|u'rty given unJ u;i'iintcel
by your iimjesty's I'arliumerit witlumt llicir cun-
seiit. AlthoiiL^li wt-' have the lii;;lR'.st veneration
lor that unist angiist bmly, to whom we eheerfnlly
and reailily siihinit. as to the .snpi'enie lei^islatnre
of Ihe whiile i'iri|iii'e, in all tliini^s eonsistent with
the lii-st ami nnjst I'nnilaaK^nfal linhls u[' nature,
yet we linnihly coneeivo that the late acts of
I'ai'liament ini|.iosing iluties ami taxes u[jon your
majesty's suhjeets in Ani'M-lea, not lor the rej^nla-
tion of eomineree merely, hot lor the express |)ur-
pose of raising a revenue, thereby giving and
granting the property of the Americans, without
their consent, to ho an infringement of those rights
and privileges derived to irs from nature, and from
the liritlsli constitution, and conformed liy our
charter, and the uninterrupted enjoyment of them
for mi)ro than a century past.'" This letter, ox-
|iressive of the sentiments of the General Assembly
of llhode Island, and sigiH^d by its jiatriotie gin-
ernor, was accompanied \vitli two othm's to the
Earl of Hillsborough, in which the same views
were presented. The tliri^e communications were
sent to Joseph Sherwood, Ksip, the agent of the
colony in London, to whom the governor wrote,
" By these you will know the sentiments of the
General Aissembly upon the late acts of I'arliament
for raising a revenue upon the free inhabitants of
the colonies without their consent. 'I'hey look
upon them as incompatible with their rights, and
with their existence as a free people; and they
have no doubt but that you will exert j'our utmost
endeavors to obtain a repeal of these acts." Those
letters to the king and the Earl of Hillsborough
produced no change in the policy of the British
Parliament. Mr. Sherwood in eommuineating the
circumstances that he had delivered the documents
forwarded to his care, writes, '' W^e learned yes-
terday from one of his majesty's ministers that
the legislature is determined not to repeal those
acts for the present, but to enforce the execution
of them ; yet such enfurei'mcMit is iut<'nded to be
executed with lenity and mildness if it can ; but at
all events the execution of those acts will at present
be enforced, according to tlie best information wi;
can get."

The administration of Gov. Lyndon continued
but for one year, from May 1, 17lJ8, to May 1,
1.7(19. His declimitiun for another term seems to
have been a voluntary act on his |iart. It may be
that ho saw that dillieulties ami dangers were
gathering around the colony, and he shrank fiom
the grave respinisibilities which might fall upon
him as the chief magistrate of the State. His
habits of life rather lilted him for the quiet clerical
(lursnits in whicii he had so long been engaged.
The Hon. .1. K. Uartlett speaks of him as " of au
amialile ami sumething of a literary character ; he
47

had been many years clerk of the Court of Common
I'leas for the county of Newport, which place he
held undisturbed by either jiarty. He was of mild
and inoll'enslve n\anners : moderate in politics, as
well as in his general de|iortmcnt. Ho hold the
place of governor only one yi;ar, when, by his own
consent, he left the gubcuTiatorial chair to resume
his former ollice of clerk of the Common Pleas,
which jilace be held until his death."

Although not a communicant. Gov. Lyndon was
a warm friend and supporter of the First Baptist
church of Newport, ami a constant attendant on its
worship. In conjunction with another person,
Ileiickiah Carpenter, he gave the lot on which
the churcli ediiieo stamls, and also a parsonage,
wdiich stood on the lot on which the " I'erry
House" was subsequently Imilt. Upon the occu-
pancy of Newport by the British he rcmovcil to
AVarreii, Pi. I., where he died of smallpox, March
30, 177N.

Lynn, Rev. Benjamin, " the Daniel Boone of
the Kentucky pulpit," is known only as the hunter-
])reacher of Southern Kentucky. The earliest ac-
count we have of him is that he was a wandering
hunter in the Green lliver Valley before its settle-
ment. As soon as a few people had settled in
stockade forts along the river to which lie had
given his name, he formed No-Lynn (now called
South Fork) church of Separate Bajitists, in 1782, ac-
cording to tradition, in wdiat is now La Rue County.
Three years after he gathered Pottingess Creek
church, in Nelson County, and a little later Level-
woods church, in La llue County. His name is
connected with the traditions and, in some cases,
with the earliest records of the oldest churches lo-
cated in Southern Kentucky, near the Tennessee
line. His name is )u'eservcd in No-Lynn (now
written Nolin) lliver, Lijiin Camp Creek, Nidin
church, Lynn Association, and other localities and
religious bodies.

Lyon, Eev. Albert Jonathan, was bom in

Sturliridge, Alass., duly II, ISH. A\'lien he was
ten years of age his family removed to Newport,
Minn. He was ]irepared for -college by Pev. Dr.
Drury. While pursuing his studies he became a
• 'hristian, and was baptized by his father, Rev. A.
.S. Lyon, ill June, ISti.'i. One year of his univer-
sity course was spent in Slqirtlcir, and tliu last
three in Rochester University, where he graduated
in 1S7I. Hi! cnteri'd the Rochester Theolngieal
Seminary to |)repare for (he ministry, and decided
to offer himself as a missionary. Ho sailiMl from
New York Ge-t. '-M, |S77, and arrived at Rangonn
December -11. lie reached Bhaino Feb. lU, 1878.
He was soon attacked by a fever, and died March
lo. Thus, on the threshold of life a promising
yiiiing missionary was cut off. His loss was deeply
fell by his companions in Christian labor.

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MAC ARTHUR

730

MACKENZIE

M.

MacArthur, Robert Stuart, D.D., was lioin at

Dalesvillo, (iucbi.'C, Cariiuia, -(uly 31, 1841. His
parents caiiiL' from the lliglilands of Scotland to
Canada, llis father is a Presbyterian, but his

ROIiERT STU.\RT .M AC.\ UTII UR, P.D.

mother and other members of the finiily are Bap-
tists, lie was converted at tlie ai;e of thirteen, and
ba]>ti/.ed at DalesviUe. He was zealous as a eluireli
iiunnber, and at eighteen began to hold religions
meetings and address the people. He prepared
for college at the Canadian Literary InstitiUo at
Woodstock. Canada; was graduated at the Univer-
sity of Rochester in 1SG7, taking in the course the
Sophomore prize for deelanialimi, and the gold
medal fm- the best written and delivered oration
at graduation. Ho was licensed to preach Se|it.
25, 18GS ; was graduated in the theological semi-
nary at Uotdiester in ISTO. While in the seminary
ho [(reached on Sunday evenings at Lake Avenue
chapel, which resulted in nniny conversions and
the organization uf a church now llourishlng.

In June, 1870, ho accepted the call of the Gal-
vary Baptist church, on Twenty-third Street. New
York, where ho has since labored with marked
ability and success. Ho is now one of the leading
ministers in that city.

Macg-owan, Rev. John, was bom in Edin-
burgh, Scotland, about 172G. He was converted
among the Wcsleyan ^Methodists, and by them or-
dained to the ministry. Discovering the unscrip-
tural character of Aiiiiinianism, he left the Jleth-
odists and united with the Cungregationalists ;
light continuing to increase upon him, he followed
the .Saviour in immersion. In July, 1707, he was
ordaiiied pastor of the Devonshire S(|naro chnrch,
London. He continued in this ollice till his death.
which occurred Nov. 25, 1781).

Mr. iSIacgowan had a powerful imaginalion, a
clear intellect, and a heart full of love to Jesus.

As an author, he became well known beyond the
limits of his own (lenoniinalion. His " Dialogues
of Devils" has passed thmugh a number of edi-
tions, amf its pages arc well known on both siiles
of the Atlantic ; this liook rloserves a place in the
lil)rary of every Christian. His other books are
'' The Shaver, or Priestcraft l>efoiided ; a sermon,
occasioned by the expulsion of six young gentle-
men from the University of Oxford for praying,
reading, and expounding the Scriptui-es; humbly
dedicated to 5Ir. Viee-Chancellor and the Heads
of Houses ;" " .Sermons un the Book of Iluth j"
"The Ari.in and Scu-inian .Monitor."

Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, ex-prime minis-
ter of the Dominion of Canada, was born Jan. 28,
1822, in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland. In his
boyhood ho attended the public schools of Moulin,
Dunkeld, and Perth ; but at the age of fourteen
tho death of his iTither made it necessary for him
to engage in industrial pursuits. He learned the
business of an architect and builder, which he fol-
lowed for a time in the neighborhood of Irvine, on
the coast of Ayrshire. iJuring his stay there he
became tho subject of saving grace, and nnited
with the Baptist church in Irvine, then under the
pastoral care of the late I^r. Leechman. In 1842 he
emigrated to Canada, and settled in Sarnia, on the
St. Clair lliver, where he commenced business as
a contractor, iijeeting with well-merited success.
Thi.s^was a period of great political excitement in
I the Canadian colony, on tho subject of Ki'S|)onsible
(JovecnnnMit. 'I'he masses of the people, in oppo-
sition to the ruling faction, denmnded that jjublic
affairs should no longer be managed under the ir-
responsible control of Downing Street nominees,
but that Cabinet ministers should have seats in tin.'
Canadian Legishituro, ami be responsible to tho
Parliament of Canada for every executive act.

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MACKENZIE

, MACLAREN

'I'lio coiiti'st was long and bitter; but at a gen-
eral cb^clioii, in 1S4S, tbo llefonners were com-
ploluly victorious, and ]ioiuilar governnient became
(irmly I'staljliiliod. It «as not possil)le lor a man

HON'. ALEXANDER MACKENZIE.

«f Mr. Mackenzie's strong ]iolitical convictions and
syuipatbies to .stand i'lly liy wlicn siicli a struggle
was in progress. Very siiortly after liis arrival in
the country he espoused the cause of the people,
and was soon recognized as one of its most earnest
and fearless advocates. In process of time he be-
came the acknowledged cditur of tlie Lnmlilim
ShUdd, a Liberal paper, which he conducted for
several years in .Sarnia with distinguisiicd aljility.
lie was tirst elected to Parliament in Juni!, 1801,
as member for the county of Lanibton, of which
Sarnia is the county town, and at every succeeding
election he has been returned for the same constitu-
ency. l''roni the begintung of liis jiarliamentary
career he has taken a prominent p:i.rl in the coun-
cils of the iKition. He contributed very largely to
the success of the scheme of IJritish Amerii;an con-
federation, which was acconiplislied in 18(15. In
tii.e fall of that year he was otfered a seat in the
Federal Oabinut, which lie declined because he
could not a)iprove tlie commercial policy of the
government. In 1S71 he was elected to the local
Legislature of Ontai'io, as representative of West
Middlesex, and soon after became a member of the
Provincial Administration. But finding it inexpe-
dient for a member of the Federal Parliament to
busy himself with local legislation, he rcisigncd
both seat and oflice in 1872, and has since given

his undivided attention to the politics of the Do-
minion. Soon after this he became the recognized
leailer of the Liberal jiarty, and in 1873 he was
made prime minister of Canada. For live years
he discharged the duties of this exalted jiosition
with rare wisdoni and lidelity, laying the country
of his adoption under a debt of gratitude, which
history will not fail to record. In l87:')-7(i lie vis-
ited Great Britain, where he was warmly welcomed
by Queen Victoria and the leading statesmen of
the cm|iire. In Scotland his visit was a series of
ovations, men of all ranks and parties uniting to
do him honor. He received the " freedom" of sev-
eral Scotch burghs, and many other marks of pop-
ular appreciation; but the order of knighthood,
tendered him by her majesty in recognition of his
distinguished ]iulilic services, he i'clt hiuiselfobligcd
to decline.

Mr. Mackenzie is a nmn of superior mental cul-
ture and of great intellectual power. In private
life he manifests the most kindly disposition, with-
out the slightest ostentati(Hi (U- assumption. He is
(1881) a member of the .larvis Street Baptist
church, Tcu-unto, Ontario, a trustee of the To
ronto Baptist Ccdiege, and a warm friend to the
work of the denmnination generally.

Maclaren, Alexander, D.D., was born in Glas-
gow, Scotland, in 18li5. Ills lather was for many
years a pastor of the Scotch Baptist church in that
city, and was held in high reputation by his brethren
as an expositor of llie tlivine ^V^ord. On his lather's
removal to Australia, he attended the ministry of
I>r. James Patersou, for forty-six years pastor of
the Hope Street Baptist church in Glasgow, and
was baptized on JNIay 7, 1840. When not much
more than sixteen years of age he was entered at
Stepney College, London, as a student for the min-
istry. He made thorough and honorable progress
in all the studies of that seminary, and at the close of
the course took the B.A. degree at the London Uni-
versity, with the prize for proficiency in the Hebrew
and Greek Scriptures. His first settlement was at
Portland chapel, Southampton, where a notable
minister, liev. .John I'ulslord, had preached for a
few years, and a very mixed congregation had been
gathered. At the time of Mr. Maclaren's settle-
ment the attendance was small, and for some years
few, if any, signs of progress appeared. The
young minister was for a time uncertain whether
his ministry should be continued, but he persevered
in his course, making (m- himself the re|jutation of
an original and rcveii'ut thinker. His peculiar
treatment n[' sacred themes in the pulpit, and his
unclericai attire, led sumc of his neighbors to think
he was heterodox. But iMr. Maclaien lived dowii
all suspicion of heterodoxy, and it bc'Came evident
to all that the town )iossessed in the young Baptist
pastor a public teachiu' of great gifts. The chui'ch

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MA CLA Y

732

MA CLA Y

was filli'd, iiiid ultiiiiiitrly iTuwilcil. In 1S58 lie
Avas iiuliioeil to reiiiovo lo Jlaiicliestei-, to bucoiiie
pastor of u clnircli fuiiiHk'il un similar ))riiici|iles
of organization tu tliut at SuutlKiiii|it(jii. Since tliat
time liis fame as a |iri'aelier and wriler lias steadily
risrn. The great uiercaiitile eity eherihlies Ills name
as one of her choice (lossessidiis, wlrile the literary
and theulof^ioal world esteems Dr. iMaelareii one of
the foremost )ireaelier,s of the a;:;e. liy the deiioiui-
nation he is regarded as a tower of strength ; his
attaclinient to the distinetive tenets of tiie body
lieing known to all. He Idled the ehair of the
Baptist Union in 187'), and is a zealous promoter
of the missions ami other denoniiiiational enter-
prises. He is in great reipiest as a lecturer, but i'or
the most part lie gives himself to pulpit and pas-
toral work. A Nciy large edifice vccently built is
already too small to aeeummodate the eongrcgafion,
and the eliureh is the centre of evangelistic ue-
tivity. Several editions of his sermons have been
published on both sides of the Atlantic. He has
also written a little boidc on Italy, which attracted
favorable notice. 'J'hc Kdinburgli University grace-
fully tendcriid him the degree of 1».|). in 1878, in
recognition of his distinguished ability as a theolo-
gian and a preaclier.

Maclay, Archibald, D.D., was born in Kil-
learn, Scotland, May 14, 1778, and died in New

.vui nil; \i,u MAOi.AY, ii.D.

York, May 2, IStU). The family removed to Glas-
gow, where he formed the ac(inaintanec of the learned
Christian philanthropist, I'Lobert Haldane. T(j him
he made known his wish to prepare for the min-

istry, and Mr. Haldane gave him the means to
procure an education. In 1802 he couuuenced
preaching as a Congrcgatioiialist at Kirkcaldy, in
Fileshire. In 1804 he was appointed a missionary
t(i the I'last Indies, )jut the liritish government in-
terfered and the project was abandoned. Then,
thrcHigh the advici! of .Mr. Haldane, he sailed Ibr
New York ; commenced preaching in Unse Street,
and soon oi-ganized a Congregational eliureh.
'I'liree years later his investigations and convic-
tions led him to unite with the Baptists, and the
majority of his ehiirch in Rose Street followed him.

A Baptist church, now known as the Tabernacle
church, was organized, of w liieh ho remained pastor
until 1837, when he resigned, to become the gen-
eral agent of the American and Foreign Bible So-
ciety. He labored with great success in this work
for thirteen years, traveling over all parts of the
United States and the British provinces. The Biljle
'i'ranslation Society of England was one of the re-
sults of his labors. . In 1850 he assisted in organ-
izing, and became the general agent of the Ameri-
can liible Union, whose main object was the revision
ol' the Knglish Bible. Becoming dissatisfied with
its management, he withdrew from it in LSTiti, and
published liis reasons for so doing.

One of his addresses in favor of ftiithful transla-
tions was issued in severtil languages, and more
than a hundred thousiind eojiies of it circulated.
He was a superior preacher, an ahh,' writer, and a
successful minister.

Maclay, Hon. William B., son of Archibald
Maclay, l).l>., was Ijorn in New York in 1812.
After four years at the University of New York he
was graduated with the highest honors of his class
in 1836, the valedictory being awarded to him by
the faculty. He was immediately elected a mem-
ber of the council of the university, which position
ho still holds. He was elected to the Legislature
of Now York in 1840, 1841, and 1842. Ho is known
as the author of bills which |iassed the Legislature
which greatly improved the facilities (jf the higher
courts in their work, and lessened the expenses of
litigation. In 1812 he draited a liill, wdiich bectime
a law, establishing the pri'sent system of public
schools of New Yurk, of wdiicli he has the liomu'
of being the founder. Mr. ^Maclay has been five
times elected a representative in Ctuigress from his
city. With great creilit he served on the Com-
mittee of Ways and Means, on the Committee on
Naval Affairs, and on other important committees.
He was prominent in scv-uring a riidiiction of letter
postage, and publishi'd his views in Ilmil's Mer-
chant Magazine. He had the laculty of stating his
opinions on till public questions with clearness and
force, and therefore carried his points in State and
national legislation^ It is admitted by statesmen
that ho has given the clearest account of our title

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MA CLAY

733

MA COX

to Orogoa of any iiiuii, and put tliat matter beyond
<lis|iutc. Since liis retirement I'rom Oon>;re.ss lie
liuM held no ollice except that of eoniinissionor of
tlie New York and ISrouklyn l>i-iilL'e (.'oin|)any.
lie is a member and supporter of the iMadison Ave-
nue I5a|itist congreifution.

Maclay, William W., a grandson 'of Rev. Dr.
Ar.hihiild Marlay, \Nas born in the eity of New
York, March 27, IS-lf). lie was graduated IVom
the U. S. Naval Academy in ISCIJ, and was imme-
diately commissioned ensign in tin; navy. For gal-
hiut condm:t lie was promoted to the grade of
ma.-^ter in 1S('>5. lie served with Admiral Porter
in li(jth bomliardments of Fort Fisher, in 1804 and
l8tJ5. Ill 1S07 he was commissioned lieutenant, and
in 18CS was again promoted, to lieutenant-com-
mander. In the same year he was made Heet-
lieutenant and acting Ueet-captuin in the U. S.
Asiatic Siiuadroii. Again, in l8b.S, he was ap-
pointed instructor of mathematics in the Naval
Academy at Annapolis. In 1870 he was eleelcJ
corresponding member of the U. S. (jengrnphical
Society, and was awarded the gold medal by the
society on practical engineering, and vvas then ap-
pointed an engineer of the dock commission of the
city of New Y'^ork, wliich position he still holds,
llis rapid |n'(iiiiotion was the result of his peculiar
iitness and ability for the service assigned him.
His essay was published in a pamphlet of over lifly
pages in the " 'I'ransaetion.s of the American Society
of Civil Engineers," and sliows great industry and
remarkable talent in that field of lalior.

Macon, Hon. Nathaniel, was bom in AVarrcn

Co., N. C. lie was a sohlicr of the Iievolution,
and a member of the U. vS. Congros.s for thirty-
six years; whom John Jlandolpli, his life-long
friend, remembered in his will, describing him as
" the wisest man 1 ever knew ;" and whom JeflFcr-
80n characterized as '' tlie last of the Romans."
He was a great reader of the Bible and a staunch
Baptist, because the New 'I'estament made him
one. AYhile in college at Princeton, N. J., nigh
the then seat of war, in 1777, he enlisted in
the Continental army for a,, short term. When
the emergency pas.seJ lie studied law, but when
the seat of war was transferred south he again
ciilislcd. U(!l'iising a commission, lie served as a
private; M'as at th(^ fill of (.'harleston and the ile-
feat at Camden, S. C. ; retreated with Greene be-
fore Cornwallis in Virginia, but saw his surrender
at Y'^orktown ; retired from the army only when
the preliminary treaty of peace was signed in
1782, and refused all pay during his service and
a pension after the war. His aliility and integrity
led to his choice, while a youth and in the army,
in 1780, as a State senatin', where he served till
1785. lie opposed the iiayment of the depreciat'Hl
State currency except at its market value, on the

ground that speculators from covetousness had
robbed the soldiers in their need. From 1787 to
178'J he opposed the adoption of the U. S. Consti-
lution as giving a power liable to be abusi'd to tho
oppression of the iico|ile. In 17'.M he entered the
U. S. Congress; was a member of the lower house
till 1815, and Speaker from 1801 to 180('), and was
then in the U. S. Senate from i81li to 1828, serving
as president ^*r.) tern, from 182.") to 1827. lie stead-
ily declined cabinet positions, twice refusing Jef-
ferson's ellbrts to secure his services as postmaster-
general, and remonstrating when, in 182 1, Virginia
cast her twenty-four electoral votes for him as Vice-
President. In Congress, as in his State, he o])-
posed speculators in the Continental currency. He
supported the second war with (ireat Britain only
on tho ground that defensive, notoil'ensive, war was
Justifiable. He voti'd for the embargo, but against
privateering, the increase of the navy, and the
building of forts, except for home- defense. From
the conviction that true jdiilaiithropy, as well as
patriotism, could not be mej'cenary, he voted in
171*5 against a grant of lands to tlie Count de
Orasse, and in 1824 to the Maiqnis de La Fayette.
When his principles triumphed in the election of
Gen. Jackson, be felt that he could withdraw from
national affairs. Huriiig his long ]iublic life, the
sagacity as well as integrity of Mr. JIacon won the
esteem of all parties. Called in 181^5 to preside in the
convention that revised the constitution of North
Carolina, his marked consistency again appeared.
He opposed the " freehold" qualification of voters
because it fostere<l a landed aristocracy. An
avowed and devout Christian lieliever, he opposed
all religious tests from ollieial camlidates, since the
conscientious doubter was more ridiable than an
unserujinlous taker of an oath. The last public
position held by Mr. Macon was that of Presidential
elector in I83G, when j\lr. Van Buren was chosen.
To a friend who blamed his indi'|iendent course, he
explained in these memorable words, under date
Warren Co., N. C, Oct. G, 1830, " I think better of
the people than most men. I have tried them in
every way, and never found them wanting." He
was taken sick only a few hours before his death.
He had ordered a plain wooden colliii, and had di-
rected that he should be burled on a rocky kmdl,
where the plow could never find soil to tear, and
that a heap of louse stones only should mark his
grave. The only memoir of his life, that of Ed-
ward R. Cotton, Baltimore, 1810, is out of print.
He died June 29, 18.37. The Donnryiitic Review
for October, 1837, Washington, D. C, thus opens
its notice: " 'J'lnn-e is no man in the history of this
country who is destined to a higher or a more per-
petual fame than Nathaniel Macon of North Caro-
lina." The )iupils of Dr. Wayland will imagine
his ethical views echoed as by telephone from

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MADISON

734

MADISON

Rhode Island to North Carolina. The line of
Chvistiiui lieroes is nut broken in tills New World.

Madison University, llmnilton, N. Y., over-
looks a village of rare beauty and liealtlil'ulno.s.s.
It is near the geoii:raphieal eentre of the State, and
near the eon t re of a new net- work iil' rail ways, whieli
give easy eoniniunication with every part of the
State. In all of its forms it is sixty years old ; uas
opened as a school in 1820; organized as a senl-
inary, college, and academy in 1834 ; chartered as
a university in 1840. As a university, it at onee
appropriated the patronage, organism, i'aonlty,
class(^s, alumni, and what of pro|iert3' and other
resources there then were in the Hamilton Literary
and Theological Institution, and thus were united
the vigor of a young life with the strength and
prestige of the old.

Early patronage was wide-spread, — drawn not
from New York only, but from Vermont, ^lassa-
ehusetts, Conneetieut, ,New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Ohio, and iMichigan.- The body that founded it
was at the time energetic and diifusive. It looked
to this school with great hope, and on it concen-
trated its best offerings and fervent prayers. The
school was strictly indigenous, s|iringing up from
the smallest of beginnings, brought from no foreign
land, borrowing its plan from no existing institu-
tion. It grew under the pressure of an outward
need and the workings of an inward zeal, and
became the e.-cpression of a demiminational sen-
timent. I'ree in its blessings to all, it yet acknowl-
edged its chief allegiance to those re|)resentative
Baptists who founded it.

The times that gave birth to this enter|]riso were
eventful, 'f he second war with Knghunl h.id closed
with the Treaty of Cihcnt, Dec. 24, 1814, and Eng-
lish domination in the colonies had ceased. The
country was stimulated by a new sense of freedom,
and the American idea of independence and undis-
puted sovereignty in the Western World was for
the iirst time having full scope. Emigration, with
a fuller tide, was Uowing west of the Hudson, and
carrying New England arts, manners, education,
religion, and thrift over this State, and through it
into the Western States.

One of these tides moved down the beautiful val-
ley of the Oheruingo, and towns, villages, schools,
and churches sprung up in the valley and on the
hill. ■ liaptists had no college in the State of New
York, nor had they any schools iur common cdiu;a-
tion or for the edueatiun of the ministry. But no
Ounvention was called, no general concert of action,
no resolutions passed determining when, where, or
how. Aljiiost unconsciously a seed was dropped,
a prayer was oll'ered, — ■

"Sink, lllUu Bii.l, in Uiu unrlli's IjIucU luoiiM,
Sinit ill ,Yiiiii' giavu Hu wet mill tio ctild ;
Euitli I tlirow over you, iJiirkiic'sa.inubt cover j'ou,** —

and the seed germinated and grew, almost unob-
served, but vigorously.

In 1817 thirteen men mot'; Thoj' gave one dol-
lar each, and these thirteen dollars were the begin-
ning of the endowment. Soon Dr. Baldwin, of
Boston, and thirty others gave 238 volumes, and
(his was the beginning of the library. A room
was given in the chamber, and this was the be-
ginning of the college Ijuildings. Two students
came in poverty, — Wade antl Kiucaid, — and these
were the beginning of generations of students.
True, such lieginnings did not seem auspicious.
iJut faith gave them superhuman energy. This
energy had push, and this again, vitalized liy the
idea that Baptists must have an institution that
furnished a complete education, gave unexpected
development and growth.

The alumni, most of whom have graduated from
some one of the courses, — academical, scientilic,
collegiate, or theological, — number about 270U.
The iirst two students, Uev. Jtnuithan ^Vade, D.U.,
and Uev. Eugenio ICincaid, D.D., and 81.1 others,
went out as foreign missionaries; 21 are counted
as presidents of colleges; 88, jirofcssors and prin-
cipals; 63, authors, legislators, and Congressmen.
The alumni are found in all the professions, but
the largest number are ministers of the gospel ; 330
have been honored with the Doctorate from difler-
cnt colleges and universities, and these alumni
are found in every (|uarter of the globe as true
representative men. The three schools have gradu-
ated about as follows: from the theological semi-
nary, 70U ; from the college or university, 830;
from the academy or grammar school, 1200.

The annual average of students in attendance is
about as follows: in the theological seminary, 35 ;
in the college or university, 102 ; in Colgate Acad-
emy, 100. Ladies not counted in. The iirst class
that took the full college course of four years, and
graduated in 1830, numbered 20, 'J of whom are
still alive, and 8 of these now living have been
honored with the Doctorate. This class entered
about fifty years ago.

If you iiKpiire after the faculty that has taught
this large body of students, you will find that many
are gone, — l!ev. Nathaniel Kendrick, D.D., I'rof.
Daniel irasciill, 1'rof Setli .S. Whitmiin, I'rof. Jo.d
S. Baciin, 1)4)., Uev. George AV. Eaton, D.D,, LL.D.,
Steplien \V. Taylor, LL.D., Uev. .John S. ^Maginnis,
D.D., John II.' Uaymond, LL.D., Uev. Edmund
Turncy, D.D., Prof. John F. Uichardson, I'h.J).,
Uev. David Weston, D.D., Rev. ]5arnas Scars, D.D.

The following have resigned: Uev. Thonuis J.
Couant, D.D., Uev. Asahcl C. Kendrick, D.D., Wil-
liam I\Luher, M.D., Uev. (ieorgo Jt. Blkss, D.D.,
Rev. Albert N. .Vrnold, D.D., Uev. Prof. Ezra S.
Uallup, Prof. Wm. 1. Knapp, Prof. Edward Jud-
son, i'rof. A. S. Bickniore, Ph.D.

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3fADrS0iV

736

MADISON

The following are the present fiiculty : Rev. E.
Dodge, D.D., LL.D., ProfesKor of jMetapliysics and
Thcoloicy and Pryoses ; l{cv. P. 15. Spoar, D.D.,
I'lMjl'e.saor df Hebrew ami Laliii Kiiieritiis ;, Hev.
A. M. Jjoubee, D.I)., Professor of Logic and Iloin-
ili'tics; Uov. II. Harvey, D.D., Professor of N<mv
Testament Exegesis and Pastoral Tlioology ; L. M.
Osljorn, LL.D., Professor of Natural Seiences;
N. L. Andrews, I'li.D., Professor of Greek Lan-
guage and Literature; J. J. Lewis, A.M., Pro-
fessor of History, Literature, and Oratory ; -J. .M.
Taylor, A.M., Professor of Matlieniaties ; 0. Howes,
A.M., Professor of Latin and Modern Languages ;
Rev. W. IL iMaynard, D.D., Professor of iMoral
Philosophy and Eeclesiastioal History ; Rev. W.
R. Brooks, D.D., Lecturer on Natural History ;
Rev. S. Burnliani, A.M., Professor of Hebrew and
Old Testament Exegesis; Rev. F. W. Tovvle, xV.M.,
Professor of Greek Language and Princi]ial of the
Colgate Academy ; E. P. Sissou, 15.1'., Professor
of Mathematics: J. W. For<l, A.M., Professor of
Latin Language : Geo. H. (.'ollin. Professor of
English and Natural Sciences.

Tlie Jour I'rcsldenls. — There have been four
presidents. Dr. Nathaniel Ker\drick, the lirst,
died Sept. 11, IS 18, from a fall and lesion of the
spine, being seventy-two yenrs old. He was
elected in 1836, liut was virtually president during
the twenty-eight years of liis connection with the
institution. He was tall, six feet four, well pro-
portioned, of large brain, lofty forehead, and benev-
olent expression. He was easily primus iiilcr
parc-f. anil, of natural right, presided everywhere.
His inllucucewas as far-reaching as his name. He
had a clear voice, an earnest hiok, and was truly
eloquent. He is well described by R. F. Taylor,
the "Jubilee" poet, —

"I see Kendrick'a grnnd fiirrn fuweriiig up like a king's,
I lieiir uccunta at firBt liico llie Wiiviiig of wings;
Now he wiunis witli Iiirt tlieiiie into true welding weather,
Ami the word and tlio blow are delivered tugetlier.
The thought atnl the thinker are all in a glow.
The glasses he wliirls from his dome of a brow.
Ills Words that wttre lialting grow freer and holder.
And he strikes for the truth etraiglit out froLii the shoulder.
It is Gabriel's trumpet and Uitleon's sword,
'Tis the pillar of fire and the breath of the Lord ;
It is crash after crash with the tables of stone,
'Tis the thrill of the thundei-, the dread of the throne.
Tlieu softer and sweeter his cadences grow;
It was Sinai before, it is Calvary now."

.Standing by Dr. Kendrick is Rev. Prof. Daniel
Hascall, who came to Hamilton in 1812, and set-
tled as the ])a8tor of the Baptist church. To him
is accredited the original idea of a seminary in
Hamilton. Dr. Kendrick, in 1816, became jntstor
of the church at Eaton. These two men suppU;-
mented each other, and harmonized in every good
work. In 18120, w hen the " school" was opened,
ILiscall became Professor of Languages, and Ken-

drick of Theology. Hascall continued eighteen
years and resigned. Kendrick remained till his
death.

Around these men rallied other stalwart men,
pioneers in the forest, in the chnrches, and in great
enterprises, — Hon. -Jonathan Olmsted, Judge Sam-
uel Payne, Deacon William Colgate, Hon. Seneca
B. Burchard, Judge James Eilmunds, and others,
— men ready at all times for great sacrifices and
great achievements.

In 1851,. Prof. Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., was
elected second president. He was graduated at
Hamilton College ; had made teaching his life-
wurk ; had been from 1834 to 1836 professor or
yirincipal of the academy at this institution; had in
the mean time fotmdcd the university at Lewis-
burg, Pa., and, after the settlement of the question
of removal, returned to Hamilton. He was of the
English type, squiU'e, strong built, methodical, firm
of )iurpose, a good organi/.er, and strong executive
olllcer. He was connected with liie univei-sity in
dilferent departments of instruction fjr eighteen
years, ttnd left his mark on its history. He died
of disease of tlie spine, Jan. 7, 18.">l), at the ago of
sixty-live.

In 1856, Rev. George W. Eaton, D.D., LL.D.,
■was elected the third president. In miml and
body he was cast in a large mould. His features
symmetrical, movements graceful, sympathies large,
of good nature, in satire powerful, his language
felicitous. He was a natural orator. In memory,
imagination, ami description he was masterly. A
scene once before iiim, he could reproduce with all
the freshness and vividness of the reality. His re-
ligious emotions and convictions were strong, and
constituted the undei-lying current of his life, lie
was connected with the university in different S'a-
pacitie.s — as Professor of Mathennitics, of History,
of Philosophy, of Theology, and as president — for
forty years, and died Aug. 3, 1872, at sixty-eight
years of age.

The fourth president is Rev. Ebenezer Dodge,
D.D., LL.D., elected in 1868. He has been con-
nected with the university twenty-seven years as
Professor of the Evidences of Cliristianity, of Meta-
])hysic8, of Biblical Interpretation, of Theology, and
as president. He was gra<luated from Brown Uni-
versity and Newton Tlieolmiical Seminary, and has
earned a reputation as scholar, teacher, and author
that places him among the best thinkers of the

The present faculty are well l;nown among the
educators of our country. Some w lin liavt^ hdt us
deserve mention. Dr. Barnas Sears, the secretary
of the I'caliody Fund and former president of
Brown; Dr. Thomas •!. Conant, a well-known ex-
cgete and translator ; Dr. A. C. Kendrick, a Greek
scholar and author, have helped to make this uni-

, 'r:~' t.,

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1 .iMll.' i'll:; 1 I'

MADISON'

737

MAGAZINE

irevsity. Tlien the writer's rnnin-mato and elass-
iiiate and colleagues in the I'aciiltj'. Hr. John II.
llayiiiojid and I'njf. J. I'\ liichui'dson, the one
jjresidiMit of Vassar and the other I'rdl'essor of
Latin in Rochester, now both departed, have been
tVci! to acknowledge their indcbtedne.ss chictly to
this university for their success in liCe's \Vorl<, and
to aeecjit ihc credit in turn given lor their hand in
tliis enterprise. What tlie university has done for
theni it can do for all tlie lo^yal.

Finaiiriid Condition. — The finances of them-
selves w'ould make a history, for these arc the
rock-bottom (in which human endeavor builds. Jt
should be noticed that since 184() two ciu-purations
liave a hand in this enterprise. 1'he IJaptist Edu-
cation Society for tvventj'-seven years had [he sole
responsibilit}' and management. For the hist thirty-
three years the JIadison Univei-sity lias had the
same in all except the nomiuation of theological
professors and the support of needy young men
lor the iiiinislry. All llie salaries and running ex-
penses of these three schools fall upon the Madison
University. 'I'he annual income needed for this
corporation is now about !?4(),O00, the salaries alone
being S3(),000.

It were vain to attempt a history of the night
and day struggles, y>( men who have had to dig a
channel and create a depth of current snilicient to
float this great entia'prisi;. It wei'C as easy to tell
of the hidden forces of nature which underlie all
her operations. Ouly results are known or seen.

When the university was chartered it had no
priiperty. It liad none in ISuU on the adjustment
of the removal cuiitroversy. It had iiiily about
$52,O00,iii 1864 when the war cIosimI. U'itliout a
hired agency, the most quiet and energetic meas-
ures were prosecuted to till the treasury'. The old
policy of borr(jwing and paying was set aside, and
the university put upon the most rigid cash sys-
tem. For seventeen years, without debt or outside
assistance, except from' liberal donors, the uni-
versity has each year balanced its accounts, draw-
ing nothing from endowment funds. No pledges
were coinited or even reported till they were turned
into casli or its equivalent. The progress has not
been rapid, but of steady growth. In round num-
bers: ill 1804, ?r.2,a0l)-, in 1805, §121,001) ; in ISCS,
$177,000; in 1870, ?2.05,000; in 1874, S;ii04,000 ; in
1870, $405,000; in 1880, §4:^,000, for endowiaent
without debt.

'I'hen the unproductive property, buildings,
grounds, library, museum, apparatus, president's
house, which have come of gifts within tiie last
sixteen years, amount to SI20,00() more, inaking
the whole sum raised since the war If .').'')0,01 K I.
Tiiese "figures are indepoiiihuit of the I'Mucatiou
Society's accounts id' sch(dar>hips, bonclliuarics,
and agencies. I'eacon Alva Pierce has been treas-

urer of the Baptist Educational Society of New
York for tlie last forty-three years, and P. B. Spear
treasurer of Madison University for the last seven-
teen years.

This university has acted directly and indirectly
on the schools and systems of instruction in our
country to stimulate the standtird for hisiher at-'
tainmcnts. It has acted on its own denomination
to lift it to a higher plane of moral power. It has
given origin to three other universities of similar
type, and has co-operated with like institutions to
mould the nationtil mind and to give Americans
an enviable name among the nations of the earth.

To the above account of the financial prosperity
must be added a gift of $50,000, one-hiilf to go to
Colgate Academy, given at Commencement in 1880
by Mr. James B. Colgate, of New York, as a tliank-
ofleriiig for his rescue at sea in the winter of
1870-80. See also articles IIa-milton TiiiiOLOGiCAL
Sj-^MiNARY, Colgate Acadio.mv, and the biographical
articles of jiersons alliuh'd to in this sketch. For
a full history, see also the historictil discourse of
President Eaton in Jubilee volume, or "First llalf-
Century of Madison University."

Magazine, Massachusetts Baptist Mission-
ary, has the honor of being the first jieriodical
jaildication by Ihc Baptists of this country. It
was established by the Miissachusetts Bajitist Mis-
sionary Society in September, l.Sl)3. The society
\\ as oi'ganized somewhat more than a j'tnir before
its executive ollicers aniiounn'd a periodical which
was felt to be necessary as a medium of cominuni-
cation with the churches, to awaken interest in the
cause (if missions, ami to give publicity to the re-
ports and letters of the missionaries in their em|doy
in difi'crent sections of the country'. Only two
numbers, of thirty-two jiages each, were issued the
first year, and two the second year. The twelfth
number of the volume was published Jan. 1, 1808.
The second volume was com]ileted in the next two
j^ears. The issues were somewhat irregular until
a new series was commenced in 1817, the numbers
being issued in alternate months till the close of
1824. Since that time it has been published each
month down to the )n'esent time. The area of its
operations was enlarged in 1821), after the removal
of the Foreign IMissioii Board to Boston, and it
became the organ of the Triennial Convention, and
wdien the Missionary Union was formed it held the
same relation to the new society. Until the close
of 1835 the contents of the magazine were of quite
a miscellaneous charai:tcr, being largely biographies
(if distinguished niinistors and laymen, not always
Baptists, but persons'of note in the other denomi-
nations, essays lui literary subjects, reviews, letters,
journals, etc. From the commencement of 1830
ddwn to this date it is devoted to the publication
of articles bearing directly or indirectly on the

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MAdAZlNE

738

M AGO ON

cause of foreign missions. As tiie organ of cpm-
inuiiication between the niissiunarics and the
churches it has rendered invaluable service to the
noble cause which it advocates. It is not easy for
us to appreciate the eagerness witli which in thou-
sands of Baptist I'aniilies tlic lettoi'S and journals
fif lioardaian and Judson, in the" earlier history of
foreign )Missions, and those ol' W^adi; and Ivineaid,
and Dcaii and liixhv, ami very many otliers in later
times, have been road, and what an impulse has
Ix'cn given by their perusal to the great work of
levangeli/dng the nations of the earth. Steady im-
provement in the muga/.ine has )jcen the aim of its
editors. It may safely l^e said to take a iiigh rank
among the class of publications of which it is so
goutl a representative, comparing favorably with
the organ of the American Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions, the Minaionarij Herald.

Magazine, The Baptist. — OurEnglish brethren
were occasionally troubled b}' their relations with
The Uraiifji'Jica/. Ma<jazine. The profits of that
publication were to be divided among the widows
of Congrogatioual and Baptist ministers. And it
was sometimes unkindly hinted that I5aptisfc widows
needing its aid were more numerous than those
of Independent ministers. Besides, our Knglish
brethren felt a crying need for a magazine to spread
the tidings of their missions fully befure their
churches, and to discuss many denominational
questions. The Baptht Mayaiiiie was established
in 180y, and it has rentlered immense service to our
British brethren ancl to the cause of truth.

Magazine, The Baptist Family.— 'fhis pic-

toiial UKJiilhly is published in I'hiladelphia, Pa.
J. Eugene Heed, Es(p, is editor and proprietor. Its
contents include tides, biographical sketches, notes
of travel, essa3's, poems, and editorials. It devotes
special attention to the following departments:
the young folks, literature, popular .science, health
in the home, music and art notes, farm and kitchen,
and church and ministerial, record. The pictures
arc lumicrous and well chosen. The editor is one
of the most talented young men in the denomina-
tion, he is an earnest Baptist, and his nniga/.ine is
full of interest and instruction. The young and
tl e old read it witli delight and profit.

Magee, Rev. John, son of Rev. 'i'homas Magee,
was born in Cork, Ireland, luit converted and bap-
tized in St. Stephen, New Brunswick ; studied at
the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton ; was ordained
pastor of the Ba|)tist cliurch, iMangerville, New
Brunswick, in IS 10; was pastor at jMaeknai(nack
and Nashwank, and perfnrnnid much missi(jnary
work. Died Dec. 23, 18G1, after a useful ministry
of twenty years.
. Magee, Rev. Thomas, was born in Ireland ;

converted and baptizeil in the city of Cork ; or-
dained in New Brunswick, March, ISISl ; labored

as an evangelist extensively, not only in New
Brunswick, but also in the State of Maine, lie
served the Baptist denomination in a faithl'ul min-
istry of over twenty years.

Maginnis, John Sharp, D.D., was born of
Scotch-Irish parents, in Butler Co., Pa., June 13,
1805. lie was brought up a l^ri^sbyterian. lie
was converted young, in' Vernon, 0., and united
with the Baptist church in that place. He re-
ceived his literary and theological training in
Waterville College, Brown Universit)', and Newton
Theological Seminary. In October, lS3li, he was
ordained pastor of the Baptist church of Portland,
Me., and soon the commuinty had snidi an increase
that a second church was established. In 1838 he
acce|ited the professorship of Biblical Theology in
the institution at Hamilton. In this position he
continued with great nsefulness until he accepted
the chair of Biblical and Pastoral Theology in the
new .seminary connected with the University of
Rochester, and the professorship of Intellectual
and JMoral Philosophy in the university at the same
time, lie died Oct. 15, 1852.

In 1844 he received the degree of Doctor of Di-
vinity (Vom Brown University.

Dr. Slagiuuis was a vigorous Calvinist, and his
students went forth with Paul's doctrines enshrined
in their hearts or living in their minds to con-
found the Arminianism which they brought to the
seminary, and which prejudice would not permit
them to renounce.

He was a nnm of very extensive and varied learn-
ing, often reaching into the distant Christian past,
so largely given up to Romanists and Anglicans.
He bad a.powerful and penetrating, as well as a
highly-cultured mind. He had not inany equals in
bis day, and very few superiors, as an acute rcason<n'.
While not olfcn.^ive in his indi.'pendence, he was
unbending when truth I'equired it, or wisdom
seemed to demand it.

He was a devout Christian in the minute as well
as in the grandest relatio^js of the soul. The
churches lost a noble leader and heaven gained a
mighty soul when John Sharp Maginnis left his
frail body for the skies.

Magoon, Elias Lyman, D.D., was born in

Lebanon, N. 11., Oct. 20, 1810^. His grandfather
was a Baptist minister, and a participator in the
scenes of the Revolution -, his father an ai'chitect,
who enjoyed considerable success in his profession
and endured jirotractcd sickness.

At sixteen years of nge young Magoon Avas ap-
prenticed to the bricklayers trade, which he lol-
lowed to his twentieth year, and liy tlu; use of his
trowel during his vacations, and in the intervals of
study, supported himself through ten years (d' pre-
paratory studies at New Ham[)ton Academy, Water-
ville College, and Newton Theologiciil Institution.

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MAG 0 ON

739

MAINE

He was ordained tlie niglit after gnuiuiitiiig, in
1839, and he immediately settled at Kichiiioud, Va.,
as pastor of the Second Baptist church, where he
remained six years. A lieaiitiful new edifice was

„^-"

emas i.v.mam magoon, d.d.

ereote<l, and all was prosperous until the division
arose in thedenominatiou on the question of slavery,
whicli took place while tlie youni; pastor v\'as in
Europe.

Returning speedilj', he quietly resigned, and
was at once called to tlie Xiiitli Street Baptist
church, Oiueinnati, but remained in ilichmond
until a successor wu.s procured. He served in Cin-
cinnati four years, and in 1849 removed to New
York, as pastor of tlie Oliver Street Baptist church.
In 1857 he took charge of the First Baptist church
in Albany, where he remained ten years, and from
it removed to tlie Broad Street Baptist church,
Pliiladelphia, where he still labors.

Rarely sick, this busy preacher has not been out
of employment a single Sunday (or forty years.
His large and liberal congregation have jii.st cele-
brated his seventieth birthday with unanimous con-
gratulations, and both leader and people seem never
to have been under more favorable auspices than
now.

The usual honors of A.B. and A.M. were con-
ferred at Waterville, now Colby University ; and,
in 1853, Rochester University added the D.D.

Dr. Magoon's published works are " Orators
of the American lle\ obition" (New York, 1S4S) ;
"Living Orators in Aiin'i-ica" (New York, iS4'J) ;
"Proverbs for the People" (Boston, 1S4S) ; •' Re-

pulilican Christianity'" (Boston, 1849) ; and "West-
ward Empire" (New York, 1856). In their day
many of these books were sold, but now are out of
print.

Dr. Magoon possesses extensive culture, manly
independence, a large lieart, an unsullied record,
and the warm love of throngs in and out of Pliila-
delphia. His ministry has lieeii greatly Ijlesscd,
and his iianii! is favorably known all- over the land.

Main, A. H., is a native of Plainfield, Otsego
Co., N. Y., where he was born June 'I'l, 1824. His
parents were Alfred and Seinantha Slain. His
father removed from Connecticut to New York
in his youth, and thence, in 1S46, to Dane Co.,
Wis., which has since lieini the family home. Mr.
Main was educated in the common schools of
New York. He engaged in mercantile business,
and continued it after his removal to Madison,
Wis., in 1856, until 1860. I'liat year he became
cashier of the Sun Prairie Bank, which position he
iield until he closed the business, in 1803. For
many years Mr. jNIain has been at the head of one
of the largest insurance offices in Madison, and in
fact in the Northwest.

AVIieii quite young lie united with the Baptist
church. He is well known by the denomination
in tlie State, and in his own Association, as well as
in the State work, he has borne a generous and ac-
tive part. In his own cliureh at Madison he is a
trusted leader; and in the Christian and piiilan-
tliriipic enter|)rises of the city he is one of the
most able and earnest workers.

Maine Baptists. — 'I'he nldest incorporated town
in what is now the State of Maine was Kittery.
The presence of Baptist sentiments was recognized
not far from the year 1681. A few Baptists were
among the earlier settlers of this place. Among
the more prominent of these was William Screven,
who suffered no small amount of persecution from
the " standing order" on account of his persistent
adherence to Baptist principles. A church was
formed irt 1682, but in less than a year it was
broken up and its members scattered. From the
dissolution of the church in Kittery, a period of
eighty-live years cla|ised before the appearance of
any other organized body of Bajitists. In 1768 a
church was formed in Berwick from persons con-
verted under the preaching of Rev. Dr. Ilczekiah
Smith. That church lived through all the iiery
trials of jierseeution, and is to-day the flourisliiiig
church of South Berwick. In a few years other
churches were formed. As the district of Maine
was sitttled, Baptist pririciplos everywhere spread
and new churches were organized. In tiie State tlicre
are now 13 Associations, eiiil tracing 261 churches,
with a membership of nearly 21,0(10 persons.

The INIainu Baptist Convention was formed in
1824. Its ollicers arc: President, Rev. II. E.

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17 I

IV, i; i il

MAJOR

740

MALCOM

Robins, D.D. ; A'ioo-President, llev. S. L. B. Chase ;
Reconling Secretary, llev. II. S. Uiurage; Cor-
responding Secretary, J. Ilicker, D.D. Its pernia-
iieiit investeil Ciinils are S'.'TOO, and its ineonio from
all sources as reported at its last meeting fS-lIK). 'J 1.

Tlio Maine liaptist C'liaritaMe Soeietj' has for it.s
object to contribute to the wants of indigcMit min-
isters and to the needy families of deceased minis-
ters. The president is ]'. iionney, Ks(|.

The Maine jiaptist Kdneatiun Society I'nrnishes
aid to young men in a course of preparation for the
Christian ministry. Its I'imds amount to nearly
■S-3l>l)l). The president of the society 'is llev. J.
31c\\'hinnie.

The llaptists of Maine constitute one of the
strongest and most ellicient dendminational bodies
in the country. Their college, Colby University,
with the three academic institutions having a vital
connection with it, the Waterville Classical Insti-
tute, Hebron Academy, anil llootton Academy,
furnish the best facilities for the higher education
of the young. An able ministry is guiding and
moulding the churches. The sjiirit of benevolence
pervades these churches, and ihcy will compare
favorably with other churches in their contriljutiims
to all good causes. Every year marks jjrogress
and religions euter])rise. The Baptists of jMaine
have no reason to Ije ashamed of their past record,
or of the position which they now hold among the
other religious communities of tlie State.

Major, Samuel C, a deacon of the Fayette
church, was born in Franklin Co., Aug. 26, ISOj.
In 1S2G he removed to Fayett^!Co., Mo. Seven of
eleven children. survive him. 0ne of them is Hon.
vSaninel C. Major, .Jr. In lSo2, Sir. Major was
fleeted a justice of the peace, and held the ofliee
for thirteen years. In 1840 he was appointed jjub-
lic administrator. Atdilfereut times lie was mayor
of the city of Fayette. He was alive to the public
good and to religious interests.

In 1843 he made a profession of faith in Christ,
and united with the Fa^tto Baptist church. He
was for years the efficient president of the executive
board of the General Association of Missouri. He
left f(n' his family the rich legacy of a well-spent
life, whose characteristics were unfeigned modesty,
strict integrity, genuine friendship, and devoted
piety. He died Marcli 13, 1880, aged seventy-live
years.

Malcom, Howard, D.D., LL.D., was born in

Fhdadclphia, Pa., -Jan. I'J, IT'.I'.I. His father was
of .Scotch descent, and bis mother a lineal descend-
ant of Hugh llobcrts, ailistingnished Welsh Friend
preacher, who was on terms of intimacy with ^Vm.
Penn. Howard's father died at the age of twenty-
three, in 1801, leaving his wife and child to the
care of her father, .lohn Howard, a retired mer-
chant. This L'randfathcr died when Howard was

nine years of ngo, and Mis. Maleom devoted her-
self to the education of her only child. In 1813
he was placed at school in Burlington, N. J., to be
prepared for college, and in September, 1814, he

HOWARD MAI.CO.M, D.I)., 1,1.. D.

entered Dickinson College, at the age of fifteen.
Most of the students here were insubordinate, and
a serious difficulty between students and professors
terminated, in April, 1815, in the closing of the in-
stitution. In 1815, Howard entered a counting-
house to )ireparc for the life of a merchant, which
liad long been his ambitiiui. Wliile here, he says
in his diary, August, 1^15, " 1 have for some time
past been tormented with the fear of dying,'' the
first indication of tin awakened conscience. In
I)eceniber an accident to his knee conlined him to
liis room for three weeks, and he says, " Tliis was
one of the most merciful providences of God to me.
The pain was not so great as to prevent my read-
ing. ... I learnt more about the Bible than I
knew before altogether." On .ranuary 1, 1816, he
related his experience befiue the Sansom Street
Baptist church, and on tiie Kith of January this
entry ajipears in his diary, " Have been much dis-
turbed lately with an idea that intrudes itself upon
all occasions, viz., that I must shortly quit the
ciiunting-house ami prepare to go out and |iroclaim
the glad tidings." . . . He was licensed to jircach
in 1818; entered Princeton Seminary soon after,
where he remained until 1820. During these
formative years, from 1.S16 to 1820, young Mal-
coni's experiences, as given copiously in his diary,
were most deep and interesting, and characterized

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MALCOM

741

MALLARY

by a singular maturity of thought and independence
of action. But space here only permits a very
bi'iel" sketch, lie was ordained in April, 1820, was
married to Miss Lydia Siieilds May 1, 1.S20, and in
tliesame montli bocuine pastor of tlie l?aptist churcli
at Hudson, N. Y. Here lie remained until 1S2G,
wiien lie lioeaiiic first general agent ol" the American
Siinday-.Scliool Union. In this cajiaeity he spent
nearly two years, and visited all the principal cities
id' the country in estalilishing auxiliary societies
and local depositories, in raising I'liiids, and in tlie
perrormance of the varied duties of this responsible
mission. In November, 1827, Mr. Malcom became
pastor of Federal Street church in Boston. His
success with this church was very great. IIo was
also a member of various boards and societies, and
he delivered a great many lectures. He was the
author, in 182S, of his "Bible Dictionary," which
was immensely popular, reaching a circulation of
over 200,000 copies, and it is still sold. He also
prepared for the press a work on the " Extent of
the Atonement," and one on " The Christian Rule
of Marriage," both of which had a large sale. He
edited "Law's Call," Henry's "Communicant's
Companion," and Thomas ii Kempis's" Imitation
of Christ." Under these labors his health gave
way, and in 1S31 he spent eight months with his
wife in visiting the countries of Europe. In De-
cember, 1S33, his beloved wife died. In 1835, Mr.
Malcom was obliged to resign his pastorate because
his voice failed him, and in September, having been
chosen to visit foreign missionary stations by the
Triennial Convention in Boston, he sailed for Bur-
mail, remaining two and a half years. The issue
of this important journey was in the missionary
field a cementing and unifying of the labors of our
missionaries, and in this country, u|>on his return,
the result was a general inorcaso of interest and
contributions for missionary purposes. Those were
accomplished by his numerous lectures in different
parts of the country, and the publication of " Mal-
com's Travels," awnrk of (JOO pivges, which at once
bec;Lme a standard both in this country and Great
Britain. Upon his return he could not resume his
pastorate, as his voice had not been rost(n'ed. In
1838 he married Miss Amu; U. Dyer, of Boston,
and in 1840 ho was simultaneously elected to the
presidency of Shurtlcff College, III., and George-
town College, Ky. He accepted the latter early in
1840. Under his fostering care and indomitable
industry the institution received a great impulse.
In 1842 ho rt;ct'.ived from Dickinson College the
degree of A.M., and the degree of D.D. at the same
time from the University of Vermont and Union
College, New York. In 1849 ho resigned the pres-
idency of Georgetown College, and within a few
weeks was called to the pastorate of the Sansom
Street church, Philadelphia, and again to the [u-es-

idency of ShurtleS' College. He accepted the
former. This church of his youth was not long
permitted to have tlie benefit of his labors, for in
18.51 he became the president of the university at
Lewisburg, Pa. About this time he edited "But-
ler's Analogy," witli a very full conspectus, which
is now used largely as a text-book. After six years
of successful labor for the university, Dr. Malci'iii
resigned to complete his " Index to Ileligioiis Lit-
erature," which was published in 180'J. During
these years ho became deeply interested in building
up tlie American Baptist Historical Society, and tu
this noble work ho was devoted to the end of his
life. He was for many years the president of this
society, us well as of the American Peace Society,
senior vice-president of the Pennsylvania Coloniza-
tion Society, and was one of the founders of the
American Tract Society. In 1878 ho sustained a-
severe trial in the loss of his esteemed and beloved
wife, and from this time all his powers rapidly
failed, and he died in Philadelphia in March, 1879,
in the eiglity-first year of his age, a member of the
church in which he was converted, baptized, li-
censed, and ordained. A noble eulogy was pro-
nounced by one in the expressive words, " It would
be difficult to name any good cause to which his
heart had not been given."

Mallary, Charles Button, D.D., was born in

West Puultncy, Vt., Jan. 23, 1801, and died July
31, 18G4. lie graduated with the first honor at
Middlebury College, Vt., in August, 1817 ; was
baptized and joined the church in 1822 ; and the
same year moved to South Carolina, where he was
ordained in 1824, at Columbia. There he married
Miss Susan Mary Evans, granddaughter of llev.
Edmund Botsford. In 1830 he removed to Au-
gusta, Ga., and took charge of the Augusta Baptist
church. Four years afterwards he became jiastor
of the church at Millcdgeville, but resigned to be-
come the agent for fiercer University, in 1837,
laboring as such for three years, when he began a
life of evangelistic and pastoral labors for various
churches in Middle and Western Georgia, which
continued until 1852, when he retired to his farm,
near Albany, where lie resided, in feeble health,
until his death, in 18G4. In 1840 he married his
second wife, Mrs. Mary E. Welch, a lady of superior
worth and talents, who preceded him to the skies
by two years.

Dr. Mallary was a man of most uncommon piety,
and exerted a more wholesome influence than any
other man of the denomination in the State. No
other stood higher in the esteem of the brc'thren ;
nor did any other of his day, in the truest sense, do
more for the cause of God and the denomination in
the State. Dawson was a more brilliant orator,
and Crawford was more learned and scholarly,
but neither surpassed him in the highest and best

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MALI^ARY

742

MALL ART

characteristics, as a preacher. He had clear views
of divine truth, and a deep experience of its sanc-
tifying .power in tlie heart. His voice was com-
manding ; his elocution distinct and forcible; his

CIlAlil.KS DUTTON MAI.LARY, D.D.

imagination s|)Icndid ; his langnage chaste, and his
adilress affectionate and persuasive. While emi-
nently pure and clear, his style was often ornate, and
sometimes iirose to suljlimity. He loved to jircach
Christ crneiiied as the only foundation of ti sinner's
hope, and to e.xhihit a sovereign God, working all
things iifter the counsel of his own will. These
high themes he discussed with a clear head and a
warm heart, and rendered them eminently practical
by the manner in wdiich he pressed them on the
consciences of his hearers. Thoruuglily instructed
in the Scriptures, profoundly conversant with the
workings of e.Kperimental religion, and knowiitg
well " the windings and doublings" of man's de-
ceitful heart, lie was exactly litted to take it cap-
tive with tlie sweet inllnences of revealed truth.

lie had the happy talent of intru<lucing r(digious
subjects in his conversation with others, and of
directing their attention to the great interests of
eternity. To those who knew him intimately his
conversation was simply deliglitful, for a spirit of
piety pervailed almost every sentence of liis dis-
course ; and tlie power of a well-cultivated mind
added interest and instruction to the other charms
of his conversation. In all that he did and said
his profound sjiirituality slnnie conspicuously as the
distinguishing feature of his character. -If any man
ever had the full assurance of hope it was he, I'or

his faith in God seemed to know no misgiving. Ilis
chief joy was in the worship of God, and scarcely
any possible contingency was permitted to inter-
rupt his family and private devotions. At the do-
mestic altar and in the closet he held 'sweet com-
munion with the Father of spirits, and came forth
to his public ministrations and religious efforts
richly imbued with the spirit of his divine Master.
Everywhere ho exhibited a beautiful consistency
of Christian character. lie maintained always a
close walk with God. His aim in life was to pro-
mote the glory of God and the good of mankind.
Every personal interest was subordinated to this
sublime purpose. No narrow-mindedness checked
his expansive charity, for his benevolence embraced
the -whole human race, — the needy at his own door,
and the heathen at the ends of the earth.

His private life was as pure as his sentiments
were exalted, and in all his relations with his
brethren he was a model of gentleness and unselfish
Christian courtesy. lie was distinguished for his
controlling and peaceful inlluence in our denomi-
national councils, lie was most skillful and prompt
to adopt meiisurc'S in promotion of harmony and
ellici(!ncy, and, by word and deed, led his brethren
onward in the way of truth and righteousness, and
in extending the lledeemer's kingdom throughout
the world. Wluui money was needed for the in-
terests of the churches and for the spread of the
gospel, he was a liberal contributor an<l a most suc-
cessful agent in procuring the gifts of others. His
example and influence survive in the memory of
thoiisands ; the sticds of truth which he has sown
are still growing and bringing forth fruit in the
lives and hearts of many who heard his voice. lie-
sides these be has lel't written memorials which will
bo read with interest and profit for many years to
come, among which are his memoirs of Mercer and
Botsford, and that most excellent book entitled
" Soul Prosperity.'' AV'hile a man of strong convic-
tions and determined purposes, he was as meek and
gentle as a lamb. With aAvill asdeteniiincd as ever
moved a despot, it was so tempered and subdued
by grace that it would hetir all things, believe all
things, hope all things, endure all things. His self-
control seemed to be comjih^te ; no unkind word or
hasty speeeli, or anything to stain a most consistent
and holy life, ever escaped his lips or characterized
his actions. He never entered the arena of strife,
but would pour oil on the troubled waters, and turn
away anger by soft words, and with melting tender-
ness rcjirove the erring. So jirofound was his
jiiety that nothing over seemed to disturb it. The
expression of his countenance when in the pulpit
was tender and heavenly. While replete with
doctrinal truth, his sermons were full of tenderness
and jiathos, his greatest strength consisting in what
rhetoricians have denominated unction ; for, as he

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MALLARY

743

MANLY

stood in the pulpit, Ids nujieuoe/e^/ that they were
in tiie presence of a man of God. It was this,
united to his native good sense, which gave liini
sucli infhuuice in roligioiis deliljorutive assemblies,
and seciirud for him the most profound attention,
and rendered his suggestions most likely to meet
the approval of his brethren ; and it wms this, imbu-
ing all his words and actions, which gave him such
spiritual power among his bretliren, and made him
a pillar in the denomiiuition, and which yet gives
his memory a fragrance among Georgia Baptists.

Dr. Mallary was a warm advocate of temperance,
missionary societies and Sunday-schools, and to the
very end of life continued to preach whenever phys-
ically able. Though so energetic and laborious
during his whole ministry, his services to God and
his generation were performed with a feeble body,
especially in the last years of his life, when he was
subject to frequent attacks of nervous disease, at-
tended with violent pain in the head. His death
was peaceful and happy, and his last expression,
uttered while gently clapping his hands, was,
" Sweet, sweet home !"

Mallary, Hon. Rollin C, was born in Cheshire,
Conn., 5Iay 27, IT^^-t. 'J'eji years after his birth
his parents removed to Poultney, Vt. He was a
graduate of Middlebury College, in the class of
lft05. lie studied law with Horatio Seymour at
Middlebury, and Ilobert Temple at Uutland, and
was admitted to the Rutland County bar in March,
1807. He soon became a leading lawyer in the
county, and for five years was State attorney. lie
was elected a nieml)er of Congress in 1819, and
took his seat in the House of Representatives Jan.
13, 1S20. He had several re-elections, and re-
mained a member continuously until his death.
He gained a prominent position in Congress, sec-
ond, perhaps, to no otiier member from New Eng-
land in his time, and particularly distinguislied
himself as a friend and advocate of the '' protective
system." At the commencement of the Twentieth
Congress he was made ciiairnnin of the Committee
on Manufactures, and i-eported the tarifTof 1828,
and his efficient efforts doubtless contributed largely
to secure its [lassage.

Mr. Mallary died at Baltimore, Md., in 1831,
while on his return homo IVom Washington.

Maltby, Rev. Clark 0., was bom in Rutland,
N. y., .Tuly 19, 1836 ; educated at the Normal
College at Albany, from which he graduated in
1858. Mr. Maltby devoted a number of years to
teaching and nierciintile pursuits, in both of which
he was very successful. Hearing the call of God
to preach the gospel, he entered UocJiester Theo-
logical Seminary in 1874, and graduated in 1877.
Before he completed liis course he received the
unanimous call of the Baptist church in Madison,
AVis., to its pastorate. He entered upon his labors

here in the autumn of 1877. Tlie church had beea
in a very dispirited condition for a number of
years. Through Mr. Maltby's pastorate a great
change has been eil'ected. The house of worship
has been thoroughly repaired, a now organ pur-
chased, a tine congregation gathered, and the future
of the church is full of promise. He occupies one
of the most important fields in the State, — the cap-
ital of the Commonwealth, lie is bringing to his
work the practical wisduiu gained by large experi-
ence with men in business relations, mature and
finely cultured intellectual powers, and a heart
aglow with love for the highest and holiest calling.
He has won in his brief ministry the ]jluce of a
trusted shepherd in his flock, that of a Christian
gentleman in the city, and that of a useful and re-
spected minister of Christ throughout the State.

Mangam, William D., was born in Croton,
Westchester Co,, N. Y. ; an uncommon man, with
acute, strong, comprehensive mind, and noble,
generous impulses ; started in the city of New
York without capital, and became one of the
largest and most successful commission merchants;
but lived not for himself; was an unswerving Bap-
tist in his principles; bequeathed to the Clinton
Avenue Baptist church of New York City, of
which he was a member, a property worth $60,000 ;
was habitually benevolent, and always active and
noble.

Manly, Basil, D.D., was bom in Chatham Co.,
N. C, Jan. 25, 1798; baptized Aug. 26, 1816, and
licensed to preach in 1818. He graduated at the
College of South Carolina, Dec. 3, 1821, with the
first honor, when lionors were given to such men
as Preston, Pcttigre^v, and O'iVeal. He was or-
dained in 1822. His first settled pastorate was at
I'jdgefield Court-llonse, S. C, where the savor of
his influence is yet felt. In March, 1826, he be-
came pastor of the First Baptist church in Charles-
ton. Seldom has a pastor been so loved by all, saint
and sinner, old and young.

After about ten years of most successful labor in
Charleston he became president of the State Uni-
versity of Alabama. He was the controlling spirit
of the university, and it enjoyed unwonted jn-os-
perity for eighteen years under his administration.

In 1855 he returned to Charleston as jjastor of
the Wentmduth Street church. After four years
of fruitful toil, he was again recalled to Alabanni
as State evangelist, a position for which he was
peculiarly fitted, and his labors were abundantly
blessed.

He spent the close of his life with his son. Rev.
B. Manly, Jr., professor in the Southern Bapti.^t
Theological Seminary, at Greenville, S. C. It was
a great pleasure to him to see the institution in
successful operation for which he had so long
labored and prayed. Doubtless he could have

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MANLY

7-14

MANNING

adopted the language of Simeon: "Lord, now let-
test tliou thy sei'Viint depart in peace, for mine
, eyes have seen thy salvation."

BASIL MANLY, D.D.

Dr. jNIanly was one of the most distingnished
ministers with which the Spirit of God ever blessed
the Baptist denomination.

Manly, Basil, Jr., D.D., LL.D., son of the dis-
tinguished Or. Jlasil -Manly, of Soiitli Carolina, was
born in Kdgetield District, S. C, Dec. 19, 1825.
After attending a preparatory school in Cluvrles-
ton, he became a student at the State University
of Alabama, where he graduated in 1843. He
then entered Newton I'lieologioal Seminary, where
he remained for a time, and subsequently gradu-
ated at Princeton. lie was licensed to preach at
Tuscaloosa, Ala., in 1844, where he was ordained
in 1S48. He preached two years to several counlry
(dnirehes in Alabama. In iNoO ho accepted a call
to the First Baptist church in Richmond, Va. Ilis
health failing, in 1854 he supc^rintended the erec-
tion of a liuilding, costing $70,01)0, for the Ilichniond
Fcnuile Institute, of which he became principal.
In 185y, when the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary was established at Greenville, S. C, be
was elected one of its original professors. AVhile
the seminary w^is suspended during the war he
preached to several cliurcbes in the neighborhood.
Upon the re-opening of the seminary he resumed
bis professorship, in addition to which he col-
lected money for the supfiort of students, tiy ]neans
of which nearly a hundred young incn were en-
abled to attend the institution. In 1871 he ac-

cepted the presidency of Georgetown College, which
position he occupied until 1879, when he again ao-
ce|)ted a professorship in the Southern Baptist
Theological Seminary, now located at Louisville,
Ky. lie is regarded as a man of extensive learn-
ing and critical scholarship, and is still more highly
esteemed for his •' meek and quiet spirit" and his
constant devotion to the cause of Christ.

Manly, Rev. C. G,, was born in Ilamden, Geauga
Co., 0., Jan. 14, 1834 ; converted and baptized in
1851. He attended the district school and Burton
Academy, ami studied at Kalamazoo and Franklin
Colleges. He was ordained at Boiling Prairie, hid.,
in February, 18ti5, and was pastor of the church
there one year ; was missionary colporteur of the
Baptist Publication Society for Northern Indiana
to Southern Michigan one year; organized the
church at Three Oaks, IMich., during this year and
became their pastor, and continued with them four
years. He came to Kansas in November, ISG'J,
and organized the second Baptist church west
of Emporia ; assisted in constituting what is now
known as the Southwestern Kansas Baptist As-
sociation, in October, 1871. He has been [lastor
of the Augusta church four years. During the
fifteen years that he has been in the- ministry
he has supervised the building of three meeting-
houses and the repairing of two. He is a modest,
but faitliful and ellicient pastor.

Manly, Charles, D.D., was the son of Dr. Basil
and Sarah M. Manly, I\Iay 2S, 1837, in Charleston,
S. C. He was prepared for college at Tuscaloosa,
Ala., in the school of U. Furman, and was grad-
uated from the University of Alabama July Jl,
1855; was baptized April 24, 1853; licensed to
jireaeh by the Tuscaloosa Baptist church Oct. 2,
1855 ; was graduated from the Princeton Theologi-
cal Semirniry, N. J., April 29, 1859, and was or-
dained pastor of the church in Tuscaloosa, Ala.,
June 19, 1859. Dr. Manly continued in this field
of labor until called to the pastorate of the church
in Murfrcesborough, Tenn., Sept. 24, 1871, whence
he removed to Staunton, Va., as pastor of the church
there, Oct. 12, 1873. Dr. Manly was connected,
either as |)rofessor or president, from 1800 to 1873,
with the Alabama Fc'male College ; and, as presi-
dent, with Uni<in University, Murfrcesborough,
Tenn., from September, 1871, to S(qitemher, 1873.
The degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by
the University of Alabama in 1859, and the degree
of D.I), by William Jewell College in 1872. Dr.
Manly has contributed frequently to the Rdiginus
Herald. In his pastoral labors he has been very
successful, and is a polished and vigorous preacher.
He is now pastor of the church at Greenville, S. C,
where he labors with great acceptance and use-
fulness.

Manning, Rev. Edward, pre-eminent among

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MANNING

745

MANNING

the foiinclors of the Baptist donoiiiiiiutinn in the
Mai-itiiiie Provinces, was burn in 1700, in Irehmd;
brouglit u|) in Falmouth, Nova Scotiuj awakened
by hearing Ilenrj' AUine pray, in I7^>4 ; converted
April 29, 1789, under tlie ministry of Kev. John
Payzant, and soon began to evangelize; had a re-
vival at Kingsclear, New Brunswick, 17'J3 ; or-
dained Oct. 19, 1795; renouncing Pedobaptism,
was immersed, in 1797, in Lower Granville, by
Kev. Thomas Hundley Chipman ; liecamo jiastor
of the lleguiar Baptist church, Oornwallis, Nova
Scotia, Jan. 27, 180S, and continued in it till his
death, Jan, 12, 1851 ; united in forming the Bap-
tist Association, June 23, 1800; was a lirm friend
of Ilorton Academy and Acadia College. Edward
Manning possessed a massive and powerful intel-
lect, much firmness, keen penetration, great ad-
ministrative ability, deep Christian experience;
was a profound theologian and a very useful min-
ister of (.'In'ist.

Manning-, James, D.D. — So identilied was the
life of James .Manning with Brown Univer.sity that
the history of the earlier years of that institution is
also the history of iiis life. lie was its tirst presi-
dent, we might almost say its founder, and he ceased
not from laboring for it till the hand of <leatli in-
terposed. The twenty-six years of his connection
with tlie college were years calling forth the high-
est administrative and linanoial ability, the utmost
prudence and indomitaljle perseverance ; years al-
ways crucial to a young and linancially feeble in-
stitution, but doubly so by the poverty consequent
on the war of the llevolution. How aldy he accom-
plished the arduous task that befell hiin the high
position that Brown University oeeu|)ies among
the colleges of our country sulhciently attests.

James Manning was the son of Isaac and Cath-
erine Manning, and was born at Elizubethtown,
N. J., Oct. 22, 1738. About tlie age of eighteen he
went to Hopewell, N. J., to prepare for college,
under the instruction of the Uev. Isaac Eaton. In
1758 he entered the College of New Jersey, where
he graduated four years later with the highest
honors of his class. It was at the beginning of
his college course that he made a public profession
of his faith, and sluu'tly after his graduation he
entered the ministry. His marriage to Margaret
Stites occurred in 1703, ami a year was spent by
him in traveling extensively through the country.

There was a strong feeling among the Baptists
of their need of an educated ministry, and the
Philadelphia Association, which met in 1702, re-
solved to attempt the establishment of a denom-
inational college in Ithodc Island, and to Mr. Man-
ning was intrusted the carrying out of this object.
A charter was obtained f'ron\ the General Assemloly
in 176-1 authorizing the establishment of the Col-
lege of Rhode Island.
48

Mr. IManning then removed to the town of War-
ren, about ten miles from Providence, where he es-
tablished a gi'ammar-school, which soon became a
flourishing institution. It was removed to Provi-

X

.lAMES MANNING, D.D.

deuce in 1770, and is now in existence as the Uni-
versity Grammar-School. A church was organ-
izi;d in "Warren the same year, ^1704, — and Mr.
JManniug was called to tlie pastorate. In 1705 he
was fonnally appointed " President of the College
of Ivhode Island, and Professor of Languages, and
other branches of learning, with full power to act
in these capacities at Warren and elsewhere." The
college opened at AVarren in 1700 with one student.
Three others, however, joined within a few days,
and at the lirst commencement— 1709 — a class of
seven was graduated.

In ]7f)7 was formed the Warren Association,
comprising at first but four churches, but it soon
extended over New England. Mr. JManning was
a prominent and useful member of this body, sev-
eral times being chosen moderator. The Associa-
tion was of much benefit to the college, giving it
material aid and strength.

It was decided in 1770 that the time liaJ come
for the. erection of u college building, and Provi-
dence was selected for the site, the town and county
subscribing X-I21I(J as --an indueement tborelo. The
officers and under-graduates accordingly removed
from Warren to Providence, and during the course
of the yean University Hall was erected. Mr. Man-
ning having resigned the pastorate of the Warren
church, and the pastor of (he First Baptist church

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MANNING

74(j

MANNING

of Pravidenco being desirous of retiring from the
duties of Ills office, that church invited President
Manning to preacli for them, and in 1771 called
him tu be their pastor. His power in the pulpit
was great, and during his pa'-'^""!>.te the clinreh was
muuh blessed. Many adultions were made to its
membership, and several rcvivalsivere experienced,
tliat of 1774 resulting in 104 conversions. The in-
creased prosperity and membership of the church
under Mr. Manning's cliargo made necessary the
erection of a new house of worship. With tlie view
also of holding there the comraencement exercises
of the college, the church was designed and made
to be the largest and tinost church edihce of the
denomination in the colonics.

President Manning continued his arduous and
multifarious duties as president, professor, and
pastor till the breaking out of the war of the Rev-
olution. The college had been growing in reputa-
tion and usefulness, and was fast attaining that
high position and influence it now occupies. But
the capture of the town by the British forces neces-
sitated the closing of the college, the building being
occupied by them as barracks. After their de-
parture it was used as a hospital by the American
and French forces, and not till 1782 was the course
of instruction permanently resumed. Meanwhile,
President Manning occu|iied himself with his pas-
toral labors, and ellbrts tor the amelioration of the
distress so prevalent during tliat period.

In 178G, President iManning was chosen by tho
General Assembly to i-cpresent llliode Ishmd in the
Confederation of the States. He was induced to
accept the position in the hope of gaining from
Congress an appropriation for the use made of the
college by the allied forces during the struggle for
independence, lie was granted leave of alisencc
by the college and cluircb from March until Sep-
teinbei-, when he returned and resumed his duties.

The articles of the Confederation of the States
proving inadequate for the purpose designed, a
union upon a new basis was proposed. Our na-
tional Constitution, framed at Philadelphia in 1787,
was adopted by a few of the States with serious op-
position, but in sonie of them, and especially in
New Kngland, there was groat danger of its final
rejection. Dr. Manning, though holding no politi-
cal office, was deeply interested in the result, be-
lieving that upon the adoption of the Constitution
the future prosperity of the country depended. lie
attended the debates on the measure in Boston, and
the fiivorable action of lUiode Island was in a large
degree due to his counsels and influence.

Dr. iManning had long felt that his collegiate
duties were too great to allow him to give the care
his (ihurcli required, and in 17'J1 he requested the
appointment of a successor. In April of this year
he preached his farewell sermon. Ile4nid the year

previous expressed a desire to be relieved from his

collegiate duties, but before the request had been
complied with he was stricken with apoplexy, and
his useful life was ended July 29, 17'Jl, in the
fifty-third year of his age.

Manning, Rev. James, another founder of the
Baptist denomination in Nova Scotia, was born in
Ireland in 1704 ; brought up in Falmouth, Nova
Scotia, and awakened under Henry Alline's min-
istry ; converted in 1789, ami joined the Congre-
gatioiml church, Kev. John Payzant, pastor; com-
menced to preach in 1792 ; evangelized with his
brother Edward in New Brunswick, in 1793 ; in
179G, James, renouncing Pedobaptism, was im-
mersed by Kev. Thomas Ilandley Chi|iman. After
returning from a second tour with Edward in New
Brunswick and Maine, he was ordained pastor of
the church in Lower Granville, Sept. lU, 1798, and
continued in this position to his death, May 27,
1818. James JIanning was an earnest Christian
and a faithful minister, a wise counselor and peace-
maker in the church of God. His grandson. Rev.
J. W. Manning, is now the useful pastor of the
North church, Halifax, Nova .Scotia.

Manning, Rev. Reuben Elias, late one of
the principals of Wayland Academy, a native of
Penfield, Monroe Co., N. V., was born March 31,
1840. His parents removed while he was quite
young to Salem, Mich., where he spent his child-
hood and youth, receiving in tho common schools
of the neighborhood tho rudiments of an education.
He devoted himself for a number of years to agri-
cultural pursuits with marked success. As the re-
sult of his excellent management he became the
owner of a fine farm, and was one of the most suc-
cessful men in that calling in his neighborhood.
Ho obtained a hope in Christ in 18.')8,and united with
the Ba|itist church. He had frequent convictions
that he was called to preach the gospel, and finally,
in 1869, he abandoned farming and began to prepare
for the work of the ministry. He graduated from
Kalamazoo Colleger, Jlich., in 1873, and from the
Baptist Theological Seminary at Chicago in 1874.
Before graduating he received a call to the pastor-
ate of the Baptist church in Beaver Dam, Wis., and
was ordained by this church Feb. 28, 1874. His
pastorate here was one of nnirked success, the
clinreh growing in numbers and efticiency, and ob-
taining through his influence a prominent position
in the community. ■

In Se]itember, 1877, having become associated
with Prof. N. E. Wood in the principalsbi]) of
Wayland Academy, he resigned his pastorate to en-
gage in the work of tea(-hiiig in that institution.
He was associate principal with Prol'. Wood, and
Professor of Mathematics until June, 1880, when
lie retired from the school with a view of again
entering the pastorate.

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MANSFIELD

747

MARCOM

lie is a man of splendid executive abilities, with
fiuijcrioi' ((nalities as u pastor.

Mansfield, Eev. David Logan, a distin-

guihliud iiiinistec In Oasper Kiver Assneiutioii, was
born in Loj;aii Co., Ky., Juno 8, 1797. la early
uianhooJ he became a member of Stony Point
chuvcli, in his native county. His education was
completed at Glasgow, Ky., under tlio direction of
that famous* instructor. Rev. R. T. Anderson. He
was ordained to the ministry in November, IS23 ;
soon after which he became pastor of Providence
church, in Warren County, to which he removed
in 1825, and there he settled for life. lie was pastor
of several other churches, and was very successful
in leading sinners to Christ. In the winter of
1832-33 he baptiiicd over 300 persons. lie died
about \X^A).
Mansfield, Rev. James W., the most prominent

minister of his day in Little River Association, in
Kentucky, was born in Alljcniarle Co., Va., iMarch
IS, IT'.i-i. In 1H15 he settled in Kentucky, stcjpping
for a few months in Mercer County, where he was
baptized, and then locating in Christian County.
lu 1819 he removed to Caldwell County, wiicre he
made his lionie. In May, 1820, he was licensed
to preach, and was ordained pastor of Donaldson
church in 1827, in which office he served twenty-
five years. At the same time lie had charge of three
other churches, and from the scarcity of ministers,
fur a considerable period he preached to several other
churches on " week-days." Among the churches
he formed is that at Princeton, the county seat
of Caldwell. lie was fourteen years moderator of
Little River Association. He died Oct. 15, 18.')3.
Manton, Rev. Joseph Randall, A.M., son of

l>r. ."^luidrach and Amey Itaiidall Muiitun, was
born in Providence, II. I., Sept. 28, 1821 ; gradu-
ated at Brown University in 1842: united with the
Fourth Baptist church in Providence; taught in
Worcester Academy ; stuilied theology at Hamilton,
N. Y. ; ordained to the Baptist ministry at Glouces-
ter, iMass., in IS IS; fmm delicate health left the
New England coast and settled with the church in
Clarksville, Tenn., from 1850 to 1857, also preach-
ing widely as an evangelist; settled with the Ver-
mont Street Baptist churidi in (^uiney, III., from
1857 to 18()0 ; I'roni impaired health nunoved and
settled with the Baptist church at Minneapolis,
Minn., in 1860, and remained till 1865 ; removed to
St. Joseph, Mo., and remained four years; in 18C9
settled with the church at IiichtieUI, Minn., where
he now labors; a man of marked taletits, true de-
votion, uncouimon culture, and great eloquence, of
delicate health, successful in his laboi's, and greatly
esteemed.

Manz, Felix. — See article AN.\n.\PTisTs.

March, John, was born in Kngland ; removed to
St. J"5hn, New Brunswick, in 1854 ; is <i prominent

Baptist of that city ; was connected for several
years with the press; is now the efficient secre-
tary of the board of school trustees for St. John ; is
earnest and liberal in support of all denominational
objects.

March, Rev. Stephen, brother of John March,
was born Marcli 2S, 1832, in England ; came to
New Brunswick in 1854; was ordained at St.
Francis, New Brunswick, July 5, 1856; became, in
1858, pastor of the Baptist church in .St. George,
Now Brunswick ; took charge of the church in
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, in 1862; Onslow in
1874 ; Canning in 1877 ; returned to Bridgewater
in 1879. He is a good preacher and pastor.

Marchant, Judge Henry, wasl)ornat .Martha's
Vineyard, Mass., in April, 1741. His early edu-
cation was the best that could be obtained in the
schools of Newport, R. I. He completed his studies
at Philadelphia, in the institution which subse-
quently became the University of Pennsylvania.
He spent five j'cars in the study of law, and having
been admitted to the bar, commenced the practice
of liis profession at Newport, R. 1. Early in his
career he advocated the rights of his country against
the oppressions (jf Great Britain. At the October
session of the General Assembly, in 1770, ho was
elected attorney-general of the .State, and heUl this
ollice until May, 1777. In 1771 he went to England
in his official character to look after some matteis
affecting the interests of Rhode Islanil. AVIiile
abroad he was brought into intiuuitc relations with
gentlemen of the AVIiig party, upon whom he ex-
erted no little inlluence in favor of his country.
Returning to his home in 1772, and anticipating
the trouliles which his sagacity told him would
soon befall a town so exposed as was Newport, he
purchased an estate in Narragaiisett, whither he
moved his family. He was a delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress for throe years, and was one of
the signers of the Articles of Confederation. After
the war ho returned to Newport, which place he
represented for a time in the General Assembly.
President Washington appointed him judge of the
District Court for Rhode Island, which position he
held until bis dcatli, Aug. 30, 1790. In his re-
ligious .sympathies Judge Marchant was a Baptist,
and shared, with Roger Williams, an intense love
of civil and ndigious liberty, which was transmitted
to his posterity.

Marcom, Rev. J. C, was born in Orange Co.,
N. C, in 1814; baptized in .June, 1835, by Thomas
Freeman ; ordained in 1847, Revs. J. S. Piirefoy,
W. T. Brooks, W. A. Atkin.son, and T. B. Horton
forming the Presbytery ; has served many churches
in Wake, Chatham, and ILirnett Counties; was
reading clerk of Raleigh Association for thirty
years, and moderator for two sessions ; has taugiit
school, and is still active and useful.

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MARCr

748

MAllSH

Marcy, Gov. William Learned, was born in
SouthbriilgL', Mass., Due. 12, 17«f), and died at
Ballstoii Spa, N. Y., .Tuly 4, 1857. He was gnid-
viateil at ISrowii University, removed to 'I'rciy,

GOV. \l II, I.I AM J.F.AKSEl) M AJiCV.

N. Y.. studied law, and was admitted to tlie bar.
He served as lieutenant in tlie war with Knuland,
in 1812. In ISIO be was a|)poitite(l , reeorder of
'I'roy, and in IMS Ik^ lici'anie editor oC the 'J'loi/
liii(h/ef, a leading daily newspaper. In 1821 be
was ap|>ointcd adjutant-general of the State militia,
and in IS23 was elected by tbe Legislature comp-
troller of the State, and removed to Albany. In
1S29 bo was appointed one of the associate justices
of the Supreme Court of tbe State, which ollico be
held till 1831, when he was elected United States
Senator. He served as Senator two years, w hen he
re.signed to accept the office of governor of New
York. He was re-elected in 1834, and again in
183t). In 184.'i he was iiuxde Secretary of War by
President Polk, a post made jieculiarly dillicult by
hostilities with Mexico. As a nuMulior of Presi-
dent Polk's cabinet he distinguished himself in the
settlement of tbe Oregon boundary (|uestion, and
other matters which engaged the attention of the
government. In 1853 he was called into the cabi-
net of President Pierce to till the high ollice of
Secretary of State. In his correspondence with
Austria, bis state papers on Central Ameri(Mn af-
fairs, and the Danish Sound dues, his great aliility
as a writer, a statesman, and diplomatist was ili>-
monstrated to the worlil.

He was a constant attemlant and lil)era! sup-

porter of the Pearl Street Baptist cliureb of Al-
bany, and an ardent admirer of Dr. Bartholomew
T. Welch. In all the varied relations of life, pub-
lie and private, there is no stain on bis memory.
His wisdom, his faithfulness, and bis integrity
stand unchallenged, and bis memory is justly re-
vered by all who knew him.

Margrave, Rev, William G., was bom iu
Lexington, Va., Nov. 23, 17'J3. The 'death of his
father wbeu he was an infant loft bis education
entirely to bis faithful mother, who was a member
of the Presbyterian Church. When seventeen
years of ago he locaU^l in tbe town of Levvisburg,
W. Va., where he spent tbe remainder of bis life.

He was for a long time one of tbe most ungodly
men in Lewisburg, a common drunkard, and a re-
proach to his neighbors. While engaged in his
dissolute pleasures he was powerfully convicted of
sill and was converted. It was with difficulty that
he found a Baptist jireacher to receive him. ^Vt
length I{j2v. James 0. Alderson heard of him, and
came to bis home and bafitized him, and at once
be Ijogan to preach. ^Vhatever he did be jierformed
with all bis might. And such was tbe strength of
bis faith that he never donljted tbe reality of his
conversion, aiid to the day of his death his zeal
knew no abateunuit. His ministry was greatly
Ijb^ssed. An attack of pneumonia ended his work
on the 24tli of February, 1867. He <lied exhorting
sinners to repient.

Marsh, Ebenezer, is one of the men long iden-
tified with Baptist progress in Soutliern Illinois.
He has been for nmny yeais president of the Alton
Itank, and a pillar in the Alton l{a]Jtist church.
He was born in Sturbridge, Mass., Sept. It), 180').
He was educated at l>udley Academy in that State,
but in early life removed to Illinois, being one of
the first settlers in JIadison County in that State.
His first occupation was that of teacher in the
Ivock Spring Seminary, St. Clair County, an insti-
tution founded by Dr. John M. Peck. In 1832 he
removed to Alton, engaging first in tbe insuraiu'o
business, subsorpiently as a banker. As u member
of the church in Alton, of the Sbn.rtleff College
board of trustees, and in other positions of ser-
vice, be has done mncb to promote denoiniuatlonal
grt)wtb in his own section of tbe State.

Marsh, Rev. J. B., was born in C'ollisville,
N. Y., May 20, 1830; converted at nine; baptized
by A. B. Earle in May, 1848 ; was licensed by the
Collisville church, but fearing that he was not
called he returued tbe license •, cl\me to Virginia as
a missionary of the Sunday-School Union in 1S54;
to North Carolina in April, 1855; was ordained in
Ashville in September, 1858; preachcjl for several
years in AVostorn North Carolina, but since 18(iS
has served churches iu Catawba, lirilcll, and Davie
Counties.

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MARSH

749

MAnSJIAlJj

Marsh, Rev. R. H., was liorn in Cliutliain Ok..
\, C, Nov. t*, ls:i7; ;j;radLi!itod at Chapel Hill in
I.S.'iS ; was baptized by Dr. T. C. Teasdale at Cliapel
Hill, in Ootobc'i-, ]S,00 ; spent two years at the
.Southern Baptist Thcnlo^ieat Seminary in Green-
ville, S. C. ; was tutor at Wake Forest College in
l.S5'J; professorin Oxford Fennile CollvL;e in lSf)2-
li'i ; preached in (Iranville (!oiinty until 1S(')4, when
till' death of his father recalled him to Chatham ;
ri'turiHMl to Oxford in l!S(i.S, where lie still resides,
the beloved pastor of several excellent <;oantry
churches. Mr. ^[arsh was for several years the
pastor of the Oxfonl and Henderson chnrcheH ; was
for two sessions moderator of tin; Flat ]iiver As-
sociation, and has been for ten years a trustee of
Wake Forest (:!ollege.

Marshall, Rev. Abraham, to whom belongs

the highrst place among the liaptist pioneer preach-
ers of (!i;orgia, was born April '2'A. 17-18, in the town
of Windsor, Conn. He was the son, and proliably
the oldest, of I>aniel Marshall, by his second wife,
iMartha Stearns. .Vlthough he was the subject of
deep religious impressions from early childhood,
yet it was not nntil he was about twenty-two years
of age that he entertained well-grounded hopes of
salvation. At that time his parents were living
oji Horse Creek, S. C, a few miles north of Au-
gusta, and there, about 1770, he united with the
cluirch, and was baptized in the Savannah lliver.
lie was immediately seized with a desire lo lead
<itliers to the Saviour, and goon began to call sin-
ners to repentance. In January, 1771, in company
witli his parents, he rennjved to (\)lumbia Co.,(ja.,
and settled on liig Kiokec Creek, about which time ;
he was regularly licensed to preach. He was not
ordained, however, until May '20, 1775.

Just as he had chosen his life-work the Revolu-
tionary war broke out, and Georgia became a scene
of violence and blood. During almost the entire
struggle the |)eo|ile were subject to the comliiiu'd
outrages of Britons, Tories, and Indians. Many
sought safety in llight, among whom were those
noble and useful men, Filmniid Botsford ami Silas
Mercer, the former never to return as a permanent
laborer, and the latter in)t until after an absence
of six years. Abraham Marshall and his venerable
father, however, remained at their posts, faithfully
preaching the gospel. Sometimes tliey were taken
prisoners, and subjoeted to great iinlignities, but
through all God mercifully preservcil them.

On the 2d of November, 17S4, soon after the war
closed, Daniel Marshall was calhMl to his reward on
high, and his siru Abrahaiu succeeded him as pas-
tor of Kiokee chui'ch. In May, 1780, sonic busi-
ness aflairs, in connection with his father's estiite,
remlered it necessary I'm' Abraham Marshall tcj
visit his native town in Conneeticnt. He made
the trip on horseback, and was aljsent sevi'ral

months, preaching almost every day during his
journey. In New Kngland his sermons drew to-
gether vast crowds, some comparing him to White-
field in the fervor and power of iiis elo(juenee.

On his rQturn, in November, 1780, he entered
upon his ministerial laljors with greater zeal than
ever, and, being free from the care of a family, he
engaged nuudi in itinerant work, visiting various
parts of the State, ami i)r<'achiug the \Vord with
great power. In the spring of 1787 a wonderful
revival began, and spread far and wide: thousands
attended the ministrations of the gospid, and multi-
tudes were converted. During the year more than
100 were baptized at Kiokee church alone, and the
church membership soon increased to more than
3(X).

Now in the zenith of liis powers, xVbrahani Mar-
shall wenteverywhero throughout the State, preach-
ing, baptizing, organizing churches, and ordaining
ministers. So nuich assistance did he reniler in the
wcn-k of constituting churches, and seftiiiLr men apart
to the ministry, that it was said to bi; '" his busi-
ness, his trade," This language will not ap))car
extravagant when it is rememl)ered that in three
years the number of churches in the Association
increased from 7 to 31, and in seven years to 56,
while during the same period the ministers had in-
creased from C to 30.

Jlr. Marshall nnirried Miss Ann Waller, of Vir-
ginia, in 17'J2, being then forty-four years old, and
for twenty-three years they lived happily together,
she preceding him to tiieir heavenly home by four
years only. Four sons were the Lssuc of this mar-
riage, only two of whom attained to manhood.

He retained the pastorship of the Kiokee church
until his death, — a [lerioil of thirty-five years,—
during which it kept its high position as the mother
of clinrehes and ministers. lie from time to time
iiad the oversight of other churches. In addition,
during the whole course of his ministry, he con-
tinued his itinerant laliors, his ju'aise being em-
phatically in all the churches.

In the old family mansion, near the Kiokee
meeting-house, Mr. .Marshall, full of years and
honors, ended his earthly life on Sunday, Aug. 15,
1819.

It is not too much to say. in conclusion, that for
abnndanoe of labors and general usefulness the
lirst ))lace among the pioneer Baptists of Georgia
belongs to .\braliam Mai'shall.

Marshall, Rev. Andrew, was for many years
pastor of the First Afrii'an church of Saviinnah,
Ga. lie was Tiorn in South (Carolina about 1755.
lie was owned by different masters, and he acted
iis "body-servant" to President Washington when
he visited Savannah. Andrew was a witness of
many of the exciting events of the .\merican Ilev.-
olution and of the war of 1S12, and in five latter

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MAliSHALL

750

MAKSHMAN

war he sliowed a ptitriotisiu wliich proved him to
ue aliove the love of money.

Andrew puroliased his liberty aljout the time he
was converted, and he joined the ehurch in 1785,
•AwX not long after he was lieonsed to iireach. In
1805 he bceanie pastor of the Second Baptist chnreli
of Savannah. This was a colored ehurch ; the First
ehurch was a white community, of which Dr. Henry
Ilolcomhe was pastor. Mr. Marshall's ehnrch in-
creased from 1000 to 3UUU members, when he led
olT a colony and formed the First African church.
Ilere his po|mlarity was extraordinary, and his in-
fluence and usefulness unbounded. His con,2;rega-
tions were overflowing; his reputation was carried
over the whole country, and it was known even
in Europe. Andrew Marshall became one of the
noted ministers of America. Fvery visitor who
came to Savannah was likely to hear him, and
when he was going to officiate in Augusta, Macon,
or Charleston, throngs greeted his ministrations,
many of wiiom were respectable white persons. It
is said that " the Legislature of Georgia at one time
gave him a hearing in an entire body." Sir Charles
Lyell and Miss Frederika Bremer attended his
church, and published sketches of hiiu. But his
wide-spread fame did not injure him. He was an
intelligent man, and he was deeply pious; he had
wiuiderful executive ability in managing his im-
nn'use church and iiis secular business; he had
great good sense and untiring perseveriinco; ho
was endowed with a keen jterception and with
I'eady arguments, and he would have been a lemli'r
in any age or counti'y-

He read and owned many books, among which
was flill's " Commentary,'' which shaped his the-
ology and gave perseverance and stability to his
converts.

" His voice was so deep, sonorous, and tender
that its capacity for the expression of pathos wa.s
unsurpassed."

H(! baptized nearly four thousand converts.

He died in Richmond, Va., Dec. S, IH.'iG, and he
was buried in Savaiinali on the 1-llh of the sam(5
month.

" An immense procession about a mile long, with
fifty-eight carriages, either loaned by families in
the city to their servants or other colored friends,
or occupied, as in many instances, by respectable
white people themselves, followed him from his
elnirch to his grave." So Andrew Miirshall, a
colored friend of law and order, a man of genius,
a grand Calvinistieal Baptist, a nnui upon whose
ministry the broad sciil of divine approval conspicu-
nusly rested, was honored in life and in death in
his native South.

Marshall, Rev. Asa M., for many years one of
till' nin^i beliivrd ministers of Georgia, \\as born in
ilones ('ininty, Dec. 21), IS, '.2, of parents wliii were

pious and consistent Baptists. A. M. Marsliall
was left an orphan at seven ; at twenty ho pro-
fessed religion and united with the church ; en-
tered the Freshman class of Mercer in 18.5G, and
graduated in 18f.iU, studying with a view to the
ministry. He was ordained in the fall of 1800, and'
in the following year became chaplain of the 12th
Ga. llegiment, and served through the entire war,
preaching to the soldiers, nursing the sick, and
taking part in those grand revival movements that
occurred among the troops which resulted in the
salvation of so many. After the war he returned
home and entered upon pastoral duty, wlii(di he
lias continued to the present time, serving various
churches in Putnam and Greene Counties. As a
ju-eacher, he is plain and unalfucted, earnest, and
forcible. His whole aim seemed to be to edify his
churches, hold n]i the Cross, and win souls to
Christ. lie is a man of genuine piety, and during
his entire ministry has maintained a consistent and
godly (diaracter. He is a strong friend of missions
and Sunda^'-schools.

Marshall, Rev. Jabez P., eldest son of Rev.

Abraham Marshall, was converted after leading a
wild life in youth, and became an able and useful
minister. He succeeded his father in charge of the
Kiokee ehurch, which he served usefully until his
death, which occurred in 1832, closing a period of
sixty years, during which father, son, and grand-
son presided over the same church. He wiote a
life of his father, and served as clerk of the Georgia
Association for a nuiiibi'r of years.

Marshall, Rev. William, belonged to one of

the most distinguished families of Virginia, and
one that has been equally famous in Kentucky.
He was a brother of Col. Thomas .Marshall, so
noted among the pioneers of Kentucky, and an
uncle of Chi(d'-.Justice John Marshall of the Supreme
Court of the United States. He was born in Fau-
quier Co., Va., in 1735. He grew up to be a bril-
liant 3'oung man, and gave himself much to fash-
ionable amusements. Upon his marriage with the
daughter of Rev. John I'ickett, a pioneer Baptist
minister of that region, he was brought under the
influence of the gospel. In 1768 he was converted
and b.aptiifod. In a short time lie began to preach
with mighty power, and multitudes were converted.
Ho was a singularly gifted orator, and continued
to labor here about twelve years. Meanwhile he
was ordained, and became pastor of South Kiver
(duircli. As early as 1780 ho removed to Ken-
tucky, and settled in Lincoln County. Ho was
active and diligent in the ministry, and in a short
time aided in building up a numljcr of churches.
After a few years he settled in Shelby County,
where ho raised up Fox Run ehurch, and became
its pastor. He died in 1813.
Marshman, John C, son of the di^tiiiguished

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MARSHMAN

751

MARSHMAN

iniMsioiiary, Dr. Marshman, of Serampore, accom-
pimicil his parents to India in oarly cliiliiliood, and
spent ni;iny years in that country in viirions scoiiliir
employments, ospeuially identifying iiinisolf with
Christian jonrnalisni. AVIiile a mere boy he de-
voted himself witli remarkable zeal and iidelity to
tlie work in which tlio Seranijioro' missionaries
wore engaged. In conjunction with iiis father he
labored in producing the Chinese version of the
8eri|)tiires. lie establi.-.hed tlie first )>aper-niaking
works in India, issued tlie first newspaper pub-
lished in the Bengali language, and founded the
Mnglish weekly newspaper, the Friend of India,
^vhicll in his hands liecamo one of the most influ-
ontial journals in the world, and a jxitent factor
for good in the Indian dependencies of the IJritish
crown. In its early days this newspaper escaped
suppression from the British authorities by the
protection of the Danish governnnMit, under whose
Hag it was published at Serampore. It was out-
spoken in its denunciation of odieial misdoings,
and fearlessly advocated the civil rights of the
native population. But whilst Mr. Marshman eon-
tinned to be a la3'man he did elHcient work in
connection with the Baptist missions, especially
devoting himself to the interests of Christian edu-
cation. He gave a very targe proportion of his
increasing income year by year to the maintenance
of vSerampore t'ollege and other ediicationni insti-
tutions. He became in later life the friend anil
trusted adviser of the government in important
affairs, and few men exercised a greater inlluence
upon the rulers and the ruled. His literary labors
also procured him high standing. The lives of
Carey, Marshman, and Ward, together with his
history of India, will long perpetuate his name.
His eminent services werii recognized by the Eng-
lish government by the Ijestowment of tlie iionor
of C.S.I. (Companion of the Order of the Star of
India). He spent the closing years of life in his
native land, enjoying the esteem of a large circle
of friends, and siu-ving the cause of Christian n\is-
sions and philantiiropy. He dieil July 8, 1877, in
his eighty-third year, and was followed to his grave
by nniny distinguished men, incluiling Lord Law-
rence, formerly governor-general of India, and other
famous Anglo-Indian statesmen, who inul person-
ally known his character and worth. Mr. iMarsli-
nian's views concerning missionary methoik of
operation occasioned much discussion. He held
with tenacity the opinion that India and tl)e other
Mastorn nations could not bo converted t(j Ciiris-
tianity by Kuro|)<':ins, and that the business of mis-
sionaries was to raise up " initivo apostles." When
he died he was engaged upon a series of biog-
raphies of tlie viceroys of India, a work for which
he was universally regarded as better qualified
than any man living.

Marshman, Joshua, D.D., was bom at West-
bury Leigh, Wiltshire, England, April 20, 17C8.
He received such education as the village school
allbrded,and eagerly perused all the books that came
within his reach. His love of reading was so no-
torious, that when he proposed to join the Baptist
church, the members were afraid he had too much
head knowledge of the gospel to iiave much heart
experience of it, but their apprehensions in time
passed away. In 1704 he removed to Bristol to
take charge of a school supported by the Broadniead
Baptist churcii, and was soon afterwards baptized
and received into cliureh fellowship. He joined the
classes of the theological seminary, and for up-
war<ls of five years studied the classics, and also
Hebrew and Syriac. The periodical accounts
which recorded the labors of Carey awakened in
him a missionary spirit, and in 1799 he and his
wife offered themselves for service in India. 'I'hree
other missionaries embarked with him in an Amer-
ican ship, the " Criterion," on the "i'.ltli of May,
17'J9, and landed at Serampore o[i (_»ctcjber 13,
seeking protection under the l»anish Ihig from their
anti-missionary countrymen in Calcutta. When
the authorities found that the missioiuiries had ar-
rived without a permit from the India House, they
tiireatened Capt. Wickes, of the "Criterion," that
his vessel should be refused entry unless the four
missionaries appeared at the police-ollice, and en-
tered into engagements to return forthwith to Eng-
land. Representations were, however, made to the
governor-general. Lord Wellesley, which resulted in
the abandonment of all hostile proceedings against
the vessel, but the missionaries were compelled to
renuiin at Serampore. After the establishment of
the mission in Serampore, Mr. and Mrs. Marshman
opened boarding-schools, which soon attracted large
numbers of scholars, and were a source of perma-
nent income to the mission. In association witli
Mr. Marshman, Carey labored on translations of
the Scriptures, preaching, and other missionary
work. In 1800, Mr. Marslunan commenced the
study of Chinese, with the view of translating the
Scriptures into that language, and, after fifteen
years of arduous toil, he carried through the press
the first Chinese Bible. Ho received the diploma
of D.D. from l5rown University in June, 1811. In
1814 ho published "Key to the Chinese Lan-
guage," towards the expense of whicli the govern-
ment of India voted £1000. On tlie IHst of May,
1818, the first newspaper ever printed in any East-
ern language was issued from the Serampore press,
and was very po|pulnr among the natives. Alter
the death of Dr. Carey, his already enf(n'bled con-
stitution gave way, and altliough he rallied for a
time, the capacity for work was exhausted. He
died on Dee. 4, |s.37, and his remains were laid in
tlie cemetery with his ileparted colleagues.

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MARSTON

lh-1

MAirrm

Marston, Rev. Charles C, pastor of tlie Bap-
tist cliiirijli ill Cliiitciii, ^V'is., a native of West Mod-
way, Mass., was lioi'ii in 1.S49. Wliciii lie was )jiit
a child his pariMits removed to AVasliiiijitoii Co.,
Iowa. At the a;re of twelve he made a public pi'o-
fes.^ion of faith in Chvi-st. His ))ai'cnts were Bap-
tists, and he had heen from earlj' youth inslnicted
ill this faith. But no iiii|itist church had yet lieen
ori;aiii/,ed in the vicinity where lie resided, and he
united with the AVinehrennarians, — a denomination
holding views of faith and practice in some re-
spects similar to those of Baptists. By them Mr.
Marston was licensed in ISOJ, and ordained to the
work of the ministry in 1S60. lie held pastorates
at Boiling Springs, Spring (irove, and Lanark,
[II. In 1S7I) he niiited with the Michigan Avenue
iiaptist churLdi of Chicago, III. He has since been
fully identified with the Baptist denomination. He
completed the usual course of study in the Uni-
versity of Chicago, preaching fen- the Norsvood Park
Baptist chureh while prosecuting his studies in the
university. In 187^, having been called to the pas-
torate of the Baptist church in Clinton, Wis., lie
removed to that place, which continues to be his
field of labor. His ministry has been more than
usually successful, having been attended with re-
vivals of considerable power. He is doctrinal in
his preaching, a close student of the Bilile, and one
of the promising young ministers of the State.

Marston, S. W., D.D,, was bom in York Co.,
Me., July 2.'j, lS2ii. He studied in academies iu
Maine and New llam|isliir(;, and for four years in
New Hamilton Institute, and graduated with honor
in 1852. He was ba|iti-/,ed by Hev. Abiier Mason
in 18-17, ill Med way, Mass. ; was pastor at Brook-
ficld ill 1852, and in 1803 went South for his health,
and ill a short time returned to .Middleborough,
^lass., and taught two years, and preached during
this time at New Bedford. Subsequently he taught
in flreenvillc. III., and in Burlington, Iowa. In
18Ct) he Ijeoame pastor at Plaiulield, 111. In 18f'>5
he took charge of the Boonville Institute in Mis-
souri. In 18IJ8 he began Jiis Sunday-school labors
in Missouri, and in five years he increased the juiiu-
ber of Baptist schools from 74 to 003, and organ-
ized a Sunday-school Convention in each of the 59
Associations of the State, au.Kiliary to the Stale
Sunday-school C(nivention, of which he was the
secretary. In October, 1873, he became superin-
tendent of State missions for Missouri, which posi-
tion he held for three years, and then was appointed
by President Crant United States agent for 57,U(IO
civilized Indians iu the Indian Territory, whose
affairs he managed with great satisfaction to the
government. In 1879 he was appointed by the
American Haptist Home Mission Society su]ieriii-
tendont of freediiien's missions in the South, which
position he now holds. Dr. Marston is a thorough

Baptist, a logical thinker, an able preacher, and a
successful minister of .Jiisus.

Martin, Rev. A. F,, was Ijorn in 1812 in Mis-
souri, and converted in 1830; has been preacliiiig
forty-seven years in Linn Co., Mo. ; has served as
missionary of the (ieneral Association of Missouri,
and performed evangelistie work, tlirough which
many have been converted. He was ordained in
1833. His parents were constituent meinliers of
the Fee Fee church, St. Louis County, and his
lirothcr. Dr. Martin, was a constituent member of
the Fourth Baptist church of St. Louis.

Martin, Hon. Isaac L., was born in New
Brunswick, N. ■]., Jan. 11, 1829. He early en-
tered into business with his father, a, merchant in
his native city. After years of success his father
transferred the Imsiiiess to his sons. Mr. Isaac
Martin has long been a director of the National
Bank of New Jersey and of the New Brunswick
Fire Insurance Company. After serving in the
Legislature two terms he was, in 1879, elected sena-
tor from Middlesex County for three years. Mr.
Martin while yet a youth united with the First
I5;i)itist church in New Brunswick ; has been in
the board of trustees, the Sunday-school, and other
de|iartineiits of church work.

Martin, Rev. James, B.A. (of London Univer-
sity), late )iresideiit of the Iiaptist Association, Vic-
toria, Australia, and distinguished among scholars
and theologians for his translations from the Ger-
man, was born in Lomion, England, m September,
1821, and at an early age joined the church at
Hackney. He studied at Stepney College, and then
proceeded to Bonn, iu Germany. Having com-
pleted his course with success, he settled first at
Lymington, and subsequently at Stockport, Edin-
burgh, and Nottingham. During his nine years'
pastorate at Nottingham he rose rapidly to distinc-
tion as a preacher and theologian. He translated
njiwards of twenty volumes of Clark's Fureign
Theological Library, including several of the best
works of Keil, Delitzsch, Kurts!, Ebraid, and Ileng-
stenberg. In 1SG9 he received a pressing call from
Melbourne, Australia, which at length he accepted.
Tiie position involved the honor and res|ionsibility
of denominational leadership in that rapidly grow-
ing city and colony, and high expectations were
cherished by all who knew him, which, in his brief
-Xustralian career, were in no scanty measure ful-
filled. But in the full tide of success and honor
he was stricken down, and died Feb. 13, 1877, in
his fifty-sixth year. Both iu England and Australia
his death was keenly felt as a severe bereavement
to the denomination and the Christian church at
large. Mr. Martin published little except an able
treatise ou "The Origin ami History of the New
'I'estament."

Martin, Rev. M.l"., proprietor of /)'((;)//*/ AVcwec/,

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MARTI y

■:y.i

MARYLAND

Jiioksoii, Jlisjs., was born in 1842; was nine j'ears
I'lufossor of Mathematics in Mississippi College ;
iicted lis agent of tlio collo^^e after the war; re-
(h'i'iiii'1.1 tlio property from mortgage ; added S^'KOUU
to iho endowment, and cxtiniiuished an incumljrance
in the form of scliolarsliips, amountinj; to S4-!,00U ;
hi';;an to preach in 1.S77, and iaone^f the most effi-
riiiiU evaiijielists in the State.

Martin, Rev. Robert, a prominent minister in
Nortl] IjouisianaAssoeiation, La., was !)oru in Suiith
(.'uridina in 1814; l)egan to preach in Georgia in
1-S4I ; removed to Bossier Parish, La., in 1.S.52, and
hecame the .snocessl'nl missionary of the liaptist
.Statu Convention, and was instrumental in phuit-
iiig must of the chnrohes in Uiissier Parish. Alter
Ihrce years in this relation he became supply lor a
nnnilier of the churches whicli were planted by his
instrumentality, and he has since hilnired in that
capacity, supplying iSalem, New Hope, .Sare|)la,
and .Spring liraiich, in the parish of liossier.

Martin, Rev. Samuel Sanford, was liom
April l."i, 1S2I), in Culisville, Uronme Co., N. Y.,
and was baptized at the age of sixteen. After a
three years' course at Hamilton, he was ordained at
Oolisville, Sept, 27, 184.'!. Ilemoving to Illinois,
he became paslorof the Kno-wille, now Ualesburg,
l{;iptist church. Ili.s jiastorates since have been at
Lanujille, whore he lielped to build the first liap-
tist house of worship, at Dixon, Treniont, Delavan,
— where al.so under his labors the first meeting-
liousc was built, and Kev. IJ. H. Drake, missionary
to Ivurnou), India, was baptized, — Washington,
Vorest City, — a church being here gathered, — and
.San Jns6. jMr. iMartin is numbei'cd with those in
Illinois whose chief work has been the laying of
foundations.

Martin, William E., A.M., principal of the
University ^Vcadeiiiy, Lewisburg, Pa., was born in
May, 1845, in Saltsl)urg, Indiana Co., l-'a. Here
he received his academic training. In 1.SG8 he was
baptized by Kev. Azariah Shadrach, and united
with the Saltsbnrg IJaptist cliureh. In tlie follow-
ing year he entei'cd tlie Junior class in the uni-
versity at Lewisburg, from which he was graduated
in the class of IS7I .

After a year spent in teaching in the pre-
parat<n-y department of the university, he entered
the Crozer Theological Seminary, in fullilluient
of his original purfiose to prepare himself for the
ministry. After a single session, however, lie was
recalled to the work of instruction at Lewis-
burg. He was principal of the English Academy
until 1878, when the classical and English depart-
ments of the preparatory work of the university
were consolidated into the University Academy,
with I'rincipal .Martin at its head. He has been
very earnest in his purpose to elevate the standard
of scholarship. Under his excelhuit nuinagement.

and with hia constant and self-denying labors, the
academy is a success.
Maryland, The Baptists of.— The first Baptist

churidi in iMaryland was Ibrmed in 1742, at ('hest-
nut llidge, about ten miles north of lialtimoro l!ity.
Its founder was Henry Sator, or Sater, a Ocneral
Baptist, who came from England in 170',). It has
ever since been known as " .Satei-'s" church. It
has a small brick meeting-house in a beautiful
grove of about four acres, containing numerous
graves of the Baptist fathers and thi^ir descendants.
This ciiurch at first increased I'apidly. In four
years it numbered 181 members, and extended into
Opeckon and Ketockton, in Virginia, in 17^4 a
church, principally <u'igiuating from Sater's, was
founded at AVinter Uun, in Harford County, which
has since borne the naTue of the Harhird church.
For forty years it was under the pastoral care of the
Rev. John Davis, who died in 1811',), in the eiM;|ity-
eighth year of his age, venerated and beloved. " Sa-
ter's" became nearly extinct under Antinomian
inlluenee, and is now a very I'eeble body.

'J'/ie Fhst Jhij>li.sl cliHith of Baltimore was or-
ganized Jan. 15, 1785, witli I I members, all of
whom, except its pastor, the Kev. Lewis Kichards,
were dismissed from the Harford church. Prom
the Harford church also arose the churches at
Taneytown and Gunpowder. The First ehureli
worshiped until 1817 in a small house on the
corner of Front and Fayette Streets. In that year
thoy completed the edifice in Sharp Street, so long
known as the " Old Kound-top," at a cost of
1^50,000; but the debt thercdiy incurred was not
entirely removed for thirty-five years, and seriously
iiindered tiie ]n'OSp(a'ity of the church. During
ninety-live 3'ears it has had only five jiastors,
viz.: Lewis Richards, thirty-three years; E. J.
Reis, three years ; John Finlay, thirteen years ;
Stephen P. Hill, sixteen years; and J. W. M. 'Wil-
liams, the present pastor, nearly thirty years.
From it originated several churches, principally
the AV'averly church, and the Seventh church in
1845, and the Leo Street church in 1854. In the
year 1878, the vicinity of the meeting-house having
become almost entirely occupied by warehouses,
tlie church removed to Lafayette iV venue, near Tre-
mont Street, wlieri;, in a lU'W and beautiful house
id' white nuirble, renewed prosperity has been en-
joyed.

The Second church of Baltimore was founded in
17'J7, by Elder John Healey, from Leicester, Eng-
land, who with five others came to Baltimore in
17'J5. Elder Healey remained as )iastor iuv more
than fifty yeaia, and died June lU, 1848. To this
church belongs the honor of liaving established the
first Suiulay-school in the .State of Maryland, in the
year 1804.

The J/ii/h Sliect -Baplist church was constituted

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MARYLAND

754

MAKYLAND

Feb. 14, 1835, of 10 iiienibei-s, six of whom were
Win. Ci-ane and Iiis family, and two, tlie llev. J. G.
Binney, its first pastor, and liis wife. It was nt first
called the " Calvert Street church." Mr. Binney
remained but a few months, and in January, 1830,
the Rev. George F. Adams became the |)astor, and
0011 tinned as such for alwnt seven years, during;
which time the cluircli increased to nearly ollU
members. In 1843, the llev. Joiialhan Aldrich
succeeded Mr. Adams, and in 1844 the church lel't
the Calvert Street liouse and built a new one on
High Street, first occupied in November of 1845.
A crushing debt had been incurred in its erection,
and in July, ]S4l), the pastor resigned and the
house was olfered for sale. After months of anxious
solicitude relief was obtained by the concessions of
creditors, the extra efforts of the church, the liber-
ality of friends, and the election of a pastor, the
Uev. Frankin Wilson, who served without salary,
thus permitting the entire income to aid in reducing
the debt. In November, 185U, a disease of the
throat compelled Dr. AVilson to suspend his labors ;
but, in a large measure owing to his liberality, the
house was saved, and the church has continued to
prosper under his successors, the Kevs. II. J.
Chaiidler, John Berg, L. W. Seoley, E. U. Hera,
Geo. 1'. Nice, H. IJ. Kelsay, M. K. Watkinson, and
J. T. Craig. The above named may rightly be
called the ''niotlier-churches," as most of tlie others
(except the Nanjemoy and Good Hope churches in
Charles County) sprang from them either directly
or indirectly.

ASSOCIATIONS.

The Salisliiiri/ Associa/ion, on the eastern shore
of the Chesapeake Bay, was formed in 1782, under
Elijah Baker and I'hilip Hughes. It probably
never had over 000 members, and, having adopteil
anti -mission views, has almost dwindled into non-
entity.

The first meeting of tlie Ballimore Uaplist Asso-
ciation was held at Fredericktown, in August,
1793. Six churches, with li'20 members, were rep-
resented there. It increased slowly, until, in
1820, it had 18 churciies, with 1302 members. It
was decidedly in favor of domestic and foreign
missionary operations for more tlian forty years,
with a few dissentients on the part of some pas-
tors and churches. The anti-missionary sjiirit
culminated at the meeting held in May, 1830, at
Black Rock, in the adoption, by a vote of sixteen
to nine, of resolutions against " uniting with
worldly societies," and in a declaration of non-fel-
lowship with thosii who had done so. By "worldly
societies" were meant missionary. Sabbath-school,
Bible, tract, and temperance societies. The Asso-
ciation was at once divided, and the two sections
have since had only a nominal existence.

27(6 Manjland Baptist Union Associativn was or-

ganized Oct. 27, 1830, with only 6 churches, 4 min-
isters, and 345 members. The ministers were Ste-
phen P. Hill, Geo. F. Adams, Thos. Loahman, and
Joseph Mettaiu. From the beginning it was a mis-
sionary body, and in favor of all the objects de-
nounced Ijy the "Black Rock" resolutions. For
many years it included several churches in the Dis-
trict of Columbia; but in 1877 six white churches
there withdrew to form a separate Association, and
in 1879 the few colored churches of the I)istrict also
withdrew, so that the Association is now confined
to Maryland alone. Its present statistics will be
fimnd below. The largest number ever reported
was in 1877, before the withdrawal of the District
churches, viz., 51 ministers, 00 churches, 10,710
members. Nearly all the churches outside of Bal-
timore have been aided more or less by its contribu-
tions, and several of those within the city. During
the forty-four years of its existence it has dis-
bursed, in.sustaining missionaries and aiding feeble
churches, $130,518, besides assisting indirectly in
the erection of a largo number of meeting-houses,
the education of young men for the ministry, tlie
support and endowment of the Coluiiibian Univer-
sity, and the distribution of Bibles and religious
publications. A weekly paper, the 'True Union, was
originated under its auspices in 1850, and continued
until suspended by the war in 1801. Afterwards,
in 1805, the Manjland Baptist, a monthly, was
issued for one year. Subsequently, the Uev. 0. F.
Flippo for several years )iublislied a monthly, — the
Baptist Visitor. The Association has an invested
fund of Sll,2tl5 derived from special legacies, a
" Superannuated Ministers' and Widows' Fund"
of S3001.22, and a "Church Building Loan Fund"
of 8000.81.

The Baltimore Baptist Clmixli- Extension Society,
organized in 1854, has been of much value in plant-
ing churches in the city. The Lee Street and Frank-
lin Square meeting-houses \ver(! built under its au-
spices, and more recently the Leadeiihall Street
house; and a new and handsome edifice for the
First Colored church has been partly erected by
this society aiding the members of the church;
The recent progress of the colored Ba]itists in Bal-
timore has been wonderful. The First church,
founded in 1836, had only 80 members in 1808,
after an existence of thirty-two years; it now lias
350. In 1848, the Rev. Noah Davis, then a slave
in Virginia, was aided Iiy Baltimore Baptists in
purchasing his freedom. He liecame a missionary
of the Association, and a small ehurcli was organ-
ized under his ministry in 1M52. That church,
united with fragments of others, has now grown to be
the largest one in the Association ; and the colored
Baptists, who, twelve years ago, wore comprised in
2 churches, with 273 members, have now 5 churches,
with 2720 members.

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MARVLANJ)

TSS

.V.l,S'OiV

REVIVALS.
Many revivals have ooouiTcd at intervals in sepa-
rate churches, but some have had a general and
marked iiitluence on the denoniination. The first
was in ISo'J, when the additions by baptism (OOG)
were more numerous than tlie wliole pi'cvious ag-
grogate of meniliers (505). In 1857 the' baptisms
reported were 559. From 1870 to the present time
(e.xeept in 1871-72) the annual additions have
ranged from 531 to 1085.

EMINENT MINISTERS.

This sketch would bo veiy ineoinploto without
further reference to at least two brethren whose
laljors, under God, have been greatly blessed in
building up the cause of truth in Mai'yland, — the
llev. George F. Adams and Kichard Fuller. 'J'o
Brother Adams was largely due the origin of the
Maryland Baptist Union Association. As pastor
of two churches in the city, and two or three in
the country, as general State missionary for sev-
eral years, as editor, historian, as a faithful, zeal-
ous, \vise, consistent, devoted man of God, bis
labors and his character contributed much to the
extension of our princijiles and the establishment
of the churclies in the faith. He died jVpril 10,
1877, universally lamented, leaving behind him a
precious memory, and a ricdi treasure in the " His-
tory of the Maryland Cluirches," carefully prepared
by him.

TIk; ivev. liichard Fuller, D.D., entered upon the
pastorate of the Seventh church, Baltimore, June
1, 1847. After twenty-four years' labor there,
during which tin; church increased from 104 to
1170 members, he went out, in 1S7I, with 134
members, to establish the FiUtaw Place church.
At the time of his death, October, 1870, that church
had increased to 408 members. But his usefulness
must not be measured by the hundreds converted
and Ijaptized under his ministry. The iulluence
of his noble character, his s|)lendid talents, his im-
]]assioned eloquence, his fame as one of the greatest
pulpit orators of the age, his powerful advocacy of
every ]ihilanthropic and Christian enterprise, did
much to give his beloved denomination and the
truth it maintains a higher estimate in the ]iublic
mind, and to win for it a wider sway. Such trans-
cendent abilities so thoroughly consecrated to Jesus,
and permitted for nearly thirty years to shed their
sacred lustre upon Baltimore and tlie surrounding
country, Ibrmed indeed one of the richest gifts of
God' to the Baptists of .'Maryland.

Quite a large number (if ministers have goin-
forth from the Maryland Baptist churches, numy
of them to do good in other States. Among them
are the honored names of Spencer H. Cone, Bar-
tholomew T. Welsh, Wm. C'arey Crane, Elijah S.
Ihilin, Noah Davis, the foumh'r of the .Vmciieau

Baptist Publication Society, and Benjamin Griliith,
for so many years its ellicieut corresjionding secre-
tary ; the missionaries Rosewell H. Graves, Brethren
Bond and Rohrer, whose mysterious loss at sea oc-
casioned such profound sorrow ; J. L. Holmes, mur-
dered by the rebels in China; Jno. A. McKean, J.
H. Phillips, J. B. T. Patterson, Levi Thorne, Isaac
Cole, S. C. Borton, J. W. T. Boothe, J. L. Lo<lge,
J. T. Beckley, C. J. Thompson, Richard 15. Cook,
J. II. Brittain, George McCullongh, H. W. Wyer,
W. S. Crowley, and many others.

CONDITION IN 18811.
Nearly all the Bajitist churches in JIaryland nre
connected with the JIaryland Union Baptist Asso-
ciation. At its session in November, I87'.t, reports
were received from 47 churches, 14 of them being
in Baltimore City, and 33 in the country or in the
snntllcr towns. The strength of the dencnnination is
in the city of Baltimore. Ten of the city churches
are white, nuniliering 304 I mi'mlxTs ; lour colored,
numbering 20SC members. 'I'wenty-three of the
other churches are white, numliering 1380 nuMii-
bers ; ten Colored, numbering (i05. In other words,
there are in Maryland 8318 Baptists, of whom 5027
are white, 3291 colnred. Of these, 6327 nre in 14
churches in Baltiiaore, averaging over 452 mem-
bers to each church, while only 1991 are in the 33
churches of the State at large, averaging about 00
members to each church. 'I'he largest eliureh is
tlie Union Colored church (:[' Baltimore, with 1497
members. The largest white ehuridi is the Seventh,
with 590 members, though several others nearly
equal it: for instania', the First church, 5"2S ; the
Futaw Place, 519 ; the Franklin S((uare, 494; the
High Street, 438 ; the Lee Street, 407 ; the Second,
Broadway, 328.

All the city churches have good sulistantial
houses of worship, none very large, but several of
considerable architectural beauty. They are well
located, at proper distances fi'Om each other, so as
to reach all parts of the city. All e.xeept four, one
German and one colored, are self-supporting and
liberal in benevolent contributions. ^Vith each i»
connected a nourishing Sunday-school.

Many of the churches in the State are not well
located. Of the 23 white churches only 7 are in
towns or cities of over 2000 population, the re-
mainder being in small villages or country places.
All of them have suitable meeting-houses, generally
|jaid for. Partly for want of material, their growth
has been slow, and their strugLiIes for existence
severe. Several have become extinct.

Mason, Alanson P., D.D., was boin in Cheshire,
Mass., Jan. 19, 1813. He was graduated from
Madison University in the class of 1830, and from
the Hamiltou Theological Seminaiy in 1838. He
was pastor of four churches in the State of New

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MASON

756

MASON

York, — Clockville, Groton, Bingharaton, and Wil-
liamsburg-, aiui of tlio First Baptist churolies in
Fall IlivL'r and Chelsea, IMass. After serving the
latter cluirch for thirteen years, lie resigned his
pastorate to enter upon tlie duties of district secre-
tary for New England of the Amerioan Baptist
Home Mission Society. In this position he is
now serving hia thirteenth year. While pastor iu
(.'helsea he was for seven years a nieiiibi'r of the
Ijoard of overseers of Harvard University by a|i-
pointiiient of the Massachusetts Legislature. He
received tlic degree of Doctor of Divinity from
]\[;ulisou University in ISoil.

Mason, Rev. Auguste Francke, pastor of the

Ba|)tist eiiureh in Milwaukee, Mich., was liorn
iu Clockville, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1.S39. He is a de-
scendant of sturdy old Samson Mason, a dragoon
of the republican army of Oliver Cromwidl, who
came to America in 1(550, and concerniug whom
the records of llehoboth, Mass., contain the follow-
ing ciiriuus mention: " Dec. 9, llio7. — It was voted
that Samson iMason should have free libei'ty to so-
journ with us, and to buy house, lands, or meadow,
if he see cause for his settlement, provideil that he
lives peaceably and (piietly." Anabaptist as he
was, this |iGrmission was regarded a peculiar act
of grace on the part of the New England Puritans.
For generation after generation the descendants id'
Sauisiui Mason were pastors of the Baptist church
in Swanzoy, Mass. The Rev. Ahxnson P. JMason,
D.D., the sixth generation from the old Cromwell-
iau, and Sarah Uobiuson Mason, were the parent.s
of Auguste Francke Mason. Mr. Mason's father,
an able and prominent minister of the ]5aptist
churcii, after a past(n-ate at Clockville, N. Y., Avas
settleil lor si.K years at Brooklyn, N. Y., and thir-
teen yinirs at Chelsea, Mass. Mr. Mason's mother
was the daughter id' a New England farmer, ami a
woman ol' sujierior intelligence and great force of
cimracter. She was educated at Mrs. Willard's
well-known seminary, Troy, N. Y., iu which iu-
Btitutinu she afterwai-ds became a te.icher. Mv.
Mason was educated at Chelsea, Mass. After
leaving the high school he liecame a clerk iu the
eiMHitiug-room of a mercantile house iu ]5oston,
where his energy and busiiu'ss aptitiido puintrd to
a successful career. In 18')?, during the great re-
ligious awakening, ho was the suliject of deep re-
ligious convictious, -which caused him to withdraw
from mei'cantile life and to turn his attention to
the gospel ministry. After a course of study at
Aladison University, from wliieli In; al'terwards re-
ceived the degree of A.M., he was ordained at
Barnstable, Mass., iu .liini', IS.OO. Although coia-
jiarativoly a young nnin, his ministerial labors ex-
tend over a period of nearly twenty years, and
have been atteiuled with iiiarked success. lie has
been settled as |>astor at Meriden, New York City,

Leominster, and Washington, 1). C. Mr. Mason
is an earnest and forcible speaker, and his sermons
exhibit much originality of thought and scholarly
research.

Mason, Rev. Darwin N., was born in Indiana,
and reared iu New York, on the shore of Lake
Erie, on a farm. He graduated at the State Nor-
mal School in ^Vlbany in ISf)!). Ho was ordained,
and settled as [lastor at llochester, Minn., in l.Slil ;
removed to Iowa in ISGS ; served as pastor in
Cedar Falls, as iirincipal in Des Jloines University,
as pastor in Indianolu, Boone, Marshalltown, and
Marion. He was secretary of the Iowa Baptist
State Convention LS74-77. He has been in his
present pastorate at Marion since IS76.

Mason, Francis, D.D., was born in York, Eng-
land, A|n-il 2, 179'J. In early life there was devel-
oped in liim a renmrkable taste fur nuithematical
studies. A love for the English classics was also
awak(,'ued, and he nmdc himself familiar with the
works of the best authors in Ids mitive tougue. He
came to this counti'y iu ISIS. After his conversion
he could not rest satislied with the routine of his
daily life. II(; wanted to do noble things for his ■
^Master. He was licenseil to )u-eacli (Jet. 1, 1S27,
and became a member of the Newton Theological
Seminary in November following, ''j'wo years
afterwards ho received an appointment from the
executive board of the Missiinniry Union, and sailed
Maj' 12C, 1830, in company with Krv. I'l. Kineaid
and wife, for Calcutta, and arrived in Maulmain in
November. He joined .Mr. Boardman in Tavoy in
1831, and was with him iluring the last weeks of
his life, administering the ordinance of baptism to
the Karen converts on the memorable occasion
when, as a dying man, the worn-out missionary
reclined on the banks of the stream in whose waters
the new disciples were " buried with Christ Ijy bap-
tism." Dr. Mason's connection with the Tavoy
mission continued for about twenty-two and a half
years, or one-half of his whole missionary life.
While at Tavoy Dr. Mason's life was an exceed-
ingly active one, and the visible I'csults of his
labors were manifest in nniny directions. For some
time the su|ierintcndence of the station rested on
him. A smuinary for the education of teachers
and prc^acbers was also under his charge. He
translated the Scriptures into the Sgau Karen and
Pwo Karen languages. He also made his collec-
tions for bis " Notes on the Fauna and Flora of
Burmah," published in 1852, and for a similar
work which was published scnue time later. •

Dr. Mason having olitaini'd jiei'iuission of the
board, proceeded to Tonngoo to commence a mission
in that place, where he arrived Oct. 22, 1833. In
a few weeks he was joined by San (Juala, " the
Karen apostle,'' and two assistants. The most re-
markable success followed the labors of these de-

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,)t

MASON

757

MASON

voted missionaries. Although Dr. Mason was
ol)lij;ed to leave Burinah for this country in the
curly part of 1854, the work went on with marvel-
ous strides, so that when, three years later, he
returned to 'I'oungoo, there were 2600 baptized
Christians and 3.') churches connected with the
mission. In ten years from the cstabUshnient of
the station more than OOOO converts had been bap-
tized and llIO churches had been hjrnicd.

Ill the midst of this wonderful prosperity oc-
curred those singularcircumstances which those who
Imvo made themselves familiar witli the history of
this mission will recall. Mrs. Mason, the wife of
Dr. Mason, came under the influence of certain
strange delusions, and through her teachings of the
new converts the most lamentable defections from
the sim]de gospel were the result. 'I'he peculiar
hallucination which seemed to have taken posses-
sion of her mind was this : " She pretended to have
fouml the language in which God sfioke to Adam,
the ' God language' as she called it, in the em-
broideries of the Karen womeu'.s dresses, in tlie
pagodas, and other appendages of Duddliist wor-
ship, and claimed that all nations have this lan-
guage, and that what is needed only is to read it
iiccording to the key which she stated she iiad re-
ceived." It was in vain that the executive board
protested against the inculcation of these wild
vagaries, and set forth the great injury which the
Karen churches must siilfer from the propagation
of such sentiments. Dr. Mason did not see lit to
interfere in the matter, and there was no alterna-
tive but that his connection with the Missionary
Union must cease. For a little more than seven
years this sejiaration continued, but at last the
extravagant conduct of his wife forced him to
believe that she must be laboring under a form of
insanity, and he could tio longer sanction the course
which she was pursuing. His relation to the .Mis-
sionary Uiiiou was restored -July II, 1S71, and con-
tinued harmonious and pleasant until his death,
which occurred March 3, 1874.

From the foregoing sketch it Is evident that Dr.
Mason was no common man. Placed in any position
he could not fail to secure respect for hi.s ability.
lie created a new literature for the Kare.ns, giving
to tliCm the Word of God and other devout and
instructive books in their own tongue. He was .a
careful observer of the natural history of the
country in which he jjassed so many years of bis
life. Sir J. I). Hooker, an eminent English natural-
ist, says of his "Fauna and Flora, etc., of British
IJurmah and Pegu,'' '' F. Mason, D.D., has made
the most valualile addition to the history of the
fauna and llora of British Burmah of any man of
modern times." In many res|jeels Dr. Mason will
bo regarded as holding a first place in the ranks of
American missionaries.

Mason, Rev, J. 0., D.D,, was born in Fort
Ann, Washington Co., N. Y., Dec. 25, 1813. His

parents were active members of the Baptist Church,
and lived until a ripe old age. Their iullueiice and
training during his early years very largely moulded
his subsequent life and character. AVhen about to
enter college, in his eighteenth year, he was con-
verted, and liegan to prepare for the gospel min-
istry. In 1833 he became a student in the Literary
and 'fheological Institution at Hamilton, N. Y.,
graduating in 1836. Shortly after appointed by
the Foreign Jlission Board as a missionary to the
Creek Indians beyond the Jlississippi. He was or-
dained Aug. 30, ]S3S, and, accompanied by his wife,
started for his held. The unsettled state of the
Indian triljes rendered mission work almost im-
possible, and, after many attempts to gain a foot-
hold, he was compelled to abandon it. In Jlay,
1840, ho settled as pastor at Foit Ann, and le-
maiiied with much success nearly lour years.
Sept. 1, 1844, he entered upon the great work of
his life, as pastor of the Bottskill I>a|itist church,
in Greenwich, N. Y. With an occasional brief in-
termission on account of ill health, he has labored
with this honored church until the present time.
During all these years he has been blessed in lead-
ing souls to Christ and in breaking the bread of
life to a people in whose hearts he is held with
affectionate regard.

Mason, Deacon John R., son of Deacon aiason,
of AVarren, 11. I., is amemher of the Central church,
Oakland, and treasurer of the California Baptist
State Convention. Ho was born at AYarren, R. 1.,
in 182t); spent some years at St. Louis, Mo.;
crossed the plains for California in 1849; and has
been a successful merchant. He was converted in
1868, and baptized by Rev. J. P. Ludlow, and has
ever been active in church and denominational
interests on the Pacific coast.

Mason, Rev. J. P., was born in Chatham Co.,
N. C, March 13, 1827 ; baptized by Ivev. Johnson
Olive, November, 1848 ; ordained in January, 1856,
Revs, G. W. Purefoy, B. J. Hackney, and Thomas
Yarboro forming the Presbytery. .Mr. Mason has
served Lystia church for twenty-two years, and
served other country churches nearly us long. He
is a g(jod pastor.

Mason, Prof. Otis Tufton, was born in East-
port, Me., April 10, 183« ; was baptized in 1856,
and united with the First Baptist church, Wash-
ington, D. C, and was licensed to preach by the
First Baptist church in Ahwandria, Va., in 1859.
Prof. Mason was educate<) at the ('olumbian Col-
lege, where he graduated in 1861 with the degree
of A.M. From that time to tlie present he has
been the successful pirineipal of the preparatory
school of the university. He is sujierintendeut of
the Sunday-school of the First Baptist church.

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J/.I.SYM^

75S

MASSACHUSETTS

Washington, I). C, and n deacon in tlio same. lie
is a collaborator of the Smithsonian Institution in
aiithi-o|ioIoii;y, joint editoi' of the scieiitifio dupart-
nioiit of llai'por.s' serials, and unthropiilogical editor
of the American Naiiirali.it. lie is the author of
several papers on anthropology, published in the
" Smithsonian Reports," and in the "'J'roccedings
of the American Association." I'rof. Mason is, at
present, cnijagcil in ciilhitiiig materials for an en-
cyclopedia of the North .Vnierican Indians, an
atlas of the archicoloiry of the United States, and a
grammar and dictionary of the Southern Indian
languages, a department of research in which be is
deeply interested, and fur which he has special
aptituilo.

Mason, Sumner R., D.D., was bom in Cheshire,
in the western part of Massachusetts, June 14,

SL'JINElt a. MASOX, D.D.

1819. lie was a lineal descendant of Samson
Masdu, who was at one time an ollicer in Cr(jm-/
■well's army, a radical in politics and a Baptist in
religion. Ho came to America about 1()5(). I'or
assisting in the building of tin; Baptist meeting-
house in Su-ansey he was summoned before the au-
thorities of I'lymiiutb colony, lined fifteen shillings,
and warned to leave the jurisdiction. When the
subject of this sketch was abimt seven years of age
his iiarents removed to Penficdd, in the western
Jiartof New York. Him father dieil in 1828, leaving
a widow and a large family. Dr. Mason pursued
bis preparatory studies in Cincinnati, and entered
Yah: College; in l.S.'iS, where ho remained two yi'ars.
Ho was baptized and united with the First Baptist

church in New Haven, March 1, 1840. For the
next seven years he was engagiul in teaching in
Cincinnati and in Nashville, Tenn. Ho was li-
censed to preach by the First Baptist church of
Nashville when Dr. Howell was pastor, Sept. 7,
1844. He pursued his theological studies under
the direction of Dr. Howell, and was ordained
pastor of the First Baptist ehnreh in I;Oekport,
N. Y., Aug. 22, 1849. where be reuuiined until
called to the First Baptist church in Cambridge,
.Mass., where he couimonced his ministerial labors
^March 4, 1855. Here he proved himself to be "a
workman that needed not to be ashamed, rightly
dividing the word of truth." The church under
his ministry of sixteen years grew not only in its
membership, but in sound doctrine and active
benevolence, and every year added to its pastor's
reputation and the weight of his inlluence in every
direction in which that iidluence was exerted. It
might have reasonably been predicted that many
years of active service and great usefulness were be-
fore this devoted minister of Clirist, but in tlie very
prime of life he was suddenly cut down. What at
the time was known as the " Revere disaster" sent
a great shook through the minds of ))eople residing
in the neighborhood where the friglitful event oc-
cun-ed. Dr. Mason was on his way to Beverly,
Mass., to exidiange pulpits with Kev. J. C. Foster.
It was on Saturday evening, Aug. 20, 1871. At the
Ivevero station, a few miles out of Boston, an ex-
press train from Portland met the outgoing train,
and Dr. Mason, with a score of others, was instantly
killed.

In an appreciative sketch of the life of Dr. Mason,
lis friend. Dr. 0. S. Stearns, says id' him, " lie was
a sincere friend, an earnest, sympathetic Christian,
a truth-searching theologian, an elleetive preacher,
a wise and judicious pastor. To his family he has
bequeathed a life full of sunny memories. By his
peo|ile his name will always be honored. In his
denomination he will long be considered one of its
choicest ornaments. By all who knew him ho will
be esteemed as a. prince in Israel."

Massachusetts Baptists.— We can trace the
history of the <lenomiinLtioii in the State of Massa-
chusetts nearly to the settlement of Boston in lOliO.
Among the earlier inhabitants of the district taken
possession of by Ciov. Winthrop, and the nearly
liftcen hundred people who accompanied him, there
were found some who had grave doubts about the
divine authority of the rite of infant baptism, and
refused to have it performed in the case of their
own children. The first president of Harvard Col-
lege, Rev. Henry Duiister, took a decided stand on
the subject, and openly avowed his sentiments
against infant baptism. Then came the persecu-
tion of Thomas (loiild, and the troubli's through
which the First Baptist church in Boston passed.

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MASSACHUSETTS

759

MATHER

IjO;;inninf; witli tlie formation of the chui-ch in

1665 iiiul extendinjf througli several years. Two
yeurs previous, in 1GG3, tlie cliiircli in Swaiizey was
I'oriiieJ, it being really a transfer of the Swansea
eliuroh in Wales, organized in 1049, to this country.
From the lioston church there were formed, from
time to time, churches in dill'erent sections of the
.State, made up chielly of members who, having been
cunnected with that church because it was the only
church of their faith which they could conveniently
join, desired to enjoy church privileges in the lo-
cality where they lived. In this way commenced
the church in Kittery, formed in JNIaine in 1682,
und about the same time the church in Newbury.
Thuiiias Ilollis, an eminent merchant of London,
proved himself the warm friend of his denomina-
tion by making generous provision for ]5aptist
young men to be educated for the ministry in Har-
vard. As early as 1727 we find that theiv were
]5aptists in .Siiringfield, the pastor of the First
cluirch in Boston, by special request, visiting that
place to administer the rite of baptism to several
persons. Beibre the close of the century there
were about 50 churches in dill'erent sections of the
State. Among the oldest of these we mention the
church in Wales, 1736; Bellingham, 1737; the
Second church, now Warren Avenue church, Bos-
ton, 1743; First Miildleborough, 1756; "W^est Har-
wich, 1757; Third iMiddleburoiigh, 1761 ; and the
First church i]i Haverhill, 1765. With rare ex-
ceptions very few of these 50 churches were
churches of much pecuniary ability. I5ut they
^vere earnest lollowers of Christ, and contended
/'or what they believed to be " the faith once de-
livered to the saints." They encountered perse-
cution, they suffered many civil disal;ilities, and
yet they continued to grow and multiply until
they have reached a high rank among the other
denominations of Christiaiis in the State.

The latest statistics give us the following figures :
There are 14 Associations, embracing 289 churches,
with 232 pastors. The number of ordained minis-
ters in the State is 328. The total membership of
the churches is 48,764, and the amount of money
raised for various purposes, so far as reported, for the
year covered by the statistical tables to wliic^h we
refer, was S713,I25. The church having the largest
membership is the Union Temple, Boston, the num-
ber being 1501.

or the State denominational societies the Con-
vention may be lirst mentioned. It was formed
May 26, 1802, and was incorporated Feb. 28, 1808.
It is authorized to hold real estate to the amount
of $200,000. The receipts for 1880 were i^l 3,800.
The officers of the Convention at the present time
are Kustace C. Fitz, president, and four viee-presi-
<lents, all hiymen, Uev. G. W. Bosworth, D.I)., sec-
retary, and Rev. Andrew Pollard, D.D., treasurer.

directors is made up of 50 ministers and laymen,

who represent the different sections of the State.
Another organization is '' The Baptist Charitable
Society for the Relief of Widows and Orphans of
i)eccased Baptist Ministers." Rev. G. G. Fairbanks
is its president. Its receipts in 1880 were over
$2550. This society was formed in 1821. "The
Massachusetts Btiptist Pastoral Conference" was
formed in 1829, its object being the relief of aged
and indigent ministers. It is iiuthorized to hold
property to the amount of $75,000. The president
is Rev. C. M. Bower.s, D.l). " The Northern Bap-
tist Education Society" w.as formed in 1814. It has
a permanent fund or$32,400. The presiilent is Rev.
Henry M. King, ]).D., and the secretary Rev. J. C.
Foster. The society has aided during the year 52
young men studying for the ministry. Its income
in 1880 was $6774.91. (See articles on First Bap-
i TIST Cuuiicii 01' Boston', FiitsT B.\1'T1st Ciiuncii of

SWANZEV, NeWTOX T|IE0I,0GIC.\I, SEMIN'AltV, PlERCE

AcAUEMV, ^VoRl;ESTE]l AcAUEMV, and The Watcii-

.MAN AND ReFI.EOTOK.)

Mather, Rev. Asher E., was born in Canada
in 1823 ; son of l)eacoii Alonzo T. Mather. The

«'*ltil';%K

t

REV. ASIIER E. MATm;R.

family removed to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in
1828, and to Michigan in 1836. He devoted some
time to teaching, and then engaged in business in
thecity of Detroit. Ilis attention was early turned
to the gospel ministry, and many of his brethren
thought he was called of God U> this work before
he could overcome his fear lest he was not (|ualified
for it. At length, in 1851, turning away from pur-
suits that promised large iieciiniary returns, he
became pastor in iNIoiint Clemens, whore he was (U'-
dained in August, 1851. This pastorate continued

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MATHKWS

760

XATJHAS

only lor ii year, but wus specially attended with
tlie Ijlcssirig of God. Tlie Talicriuiclo chiircli, in
Dotioit, of wliioli lio liad Ijcen a duaoon, called him
ti) lje its pastor, and he accepted the call. But tlie
plans of the church could not bo carried out with
the means at it.-i command, and after a brief period
he removed to Itoiiieo, when^ a .siiuilL church was iu
II depressed conditiim. During the next lour years
his work was great ly bh;ss(!d, a good house of wor-
ship and a parsonage were built, and tlie church,
which had been aided by the American Baptist
Home Mission Society, bei'aiiie .self-supporting.
His next pastorate was in Poutiao, and continued
nine years. 'I'liese were years of prosperity. At
the opening of the war he rendered valuable ser-
vice in raising a regiment of volunteers, and became
its chaplain. He was absent from the church a
year in this service.

In ISlXJ he became district secretary of the
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and for
ten years engaged in work for that society willi
great earnestness, and with constant tokens of
divine ii|ipi-()val. Having led in the organization
of the church in Card, in 1876, and the erection of
its house of worship, he became, soon after, pastor
in Portland, where he is now engaged in earnest
work.

No Baptist in Michigan is more fully acquainted
with the churches throughout the State, and none
have rendered a service more widely felt. lie has
assisted at the dedication of more than fifty houses
of worship. It was at his suggestion that the
Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society of Michi-
gan was formed, — the first society of its kind in the
country. Uo served the State Oonvention as its
secretary for seven years, and in 1S79 was made its
president.

Mathews, William, LL.D., is by far the best
and most successful writer the West has yet pro-
duced. Having enjoyed in early life the culture of
New England, and, later, having breathed for many
years the stimulating atmosphere of the AVest, ho
combines with the finished scholarship of the one,
the vigorous vitality of the otlior. lie was born at
^\'atervi^e, iMe., July 28, 1818. His taste for study,
ami his prolicimic}' in whatever in that way was
undertaken, wer(! sliown very early in life. At the
age of thirteen ho entered AVaterville College, now
Colby University, and in 1835, at the ago of seven-
teen, graduated. Two years were then spent in
the Harvard Law School, and two years more in
the oHice of Hon. Timothy Bontelle, of Waterville.
Having been admitted to the bar, he first taught
for a year in A'irginia, but returning to Waterville
in IS4I, he began the practice of law, associating
with that, however, the editorship of a literary
paper, — The Yanlte lildih'. This latter proved to
be for him the more congenial sphere. After two

years the paper was removed to Oardiner, Me.,
where for some four or five years its publication
was continued with nnxrked success ; subsequently
to Boston, in which city it achieved a circulation
and popularity in all parts of tlie United States
scarcely equaled by any other literary paper. As
editor of the Blade, Mr. Mathews formed nnuiy in-
teresting and valuable literary aci(iiaintances, in
eluding several of the best known and most eminent
of American writers.

In 1856, Mr. Mathews sold bis paper and re-
inoved to Chicago. His work hero was at lirst in
the fin-m of contributions to various journals ; but
in 1859 he was appointed librarian of the Young
Men's Association, holding that ofiice some three
years. He was then elected Professor of Bhctoric
and English Literature in the University of Chi-
cago. This place be filled with eminent success
until 1875, when he resigned it, with a view to de-
vote himself entirely to authorship. In this new
line of work he has been remarkably successful. His
writings for the most ]iart have the form of essays,
upon subjects literary, biographical, and practical,
covering a wide range, but so grouped as to give
each of his volumes admirable unity of direction
and gi'neral topic. His style is a model of elegance
and vivacity, while his method, being largely illus-
trative, enables him to utilize the results of an al-
most ubiquitous reading and study. 'J'he titlr.s
of bis princiiial books, and nearly in the order of
their appearance, are "Getting On in the World,"
"Words, their Use and Abuse," "Orations and
Orators," and " Monday Chats," the last named
being a translation of Sainte-Beuve's "' Causerios du
Lundi," introduced by an appreciative biography
of the great Erench lill^raleur and critic. Dr.
Mathews's home is still in Chicago, where be enjoys
the warmest esteem of a wide circle of cultured
friends.

Mathias, Rev. Joseph, of Ililltown, Bucks Co.,
Pa., was born May 8, 1778. He was baptized on
a profession of his faith in bis twenty-second year.
He was ordained to preach the gospel July 22,
1806, and be continued in the work of the ministry
for more than forty-six 3'ears as pastor of the same
churrli. He possessed a vigorous intellect, a spirit
of stern loyalty to Jesus, and a heart overflowing
with love to the lledeemcr.

He was a strong Calvinist, fully persuaded that
each believer owed his salvation to a gospel spring-
ing from the everlasting and fiersonal love of God,
a gdspol bearing the whole treasures of grace to
every heart that received it, and a gospel surely
carrying each recipient to the world of glory.

He was untiring in the use of means to bring
men to the Saviour. His prayers for the salvation
of his pccqilo were marked bj' a fervor and a faith
that nothing could surpass. His public appeals to

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MATHIAS

701

MAXCY

Biiiiits and sinners to follow Jesus were unusually
tender and earnest.

Ho preached tliree times on the Lord's day, and
several times during the week. And it was his
regular custom to make a tour annually, at a con-
venient season of the year, extending over several
weciks, and to preach every night at the place
\vli(n-e he stopped. To gather a congregation lie
Kent woril beforehand, and the people thronged to
hear the gospel. In a brief account of one of these
apostolic trips before iiie, it is stated that he
preached in ten different places, and baptized ten
persons at throe of his meetings. Only one of
these services was held in a church, the others
were conducted in barns and school-houses. The
labor performed for the Saviour in this way was
elfcctive and very extensive. Many were born
again, and united with other denominations, and
nuuiy others I'ormed l?aptist churches, .-icveral of
which are in a flourishing condition at this time.

In one of his preaching journeys he tells of two
persons "who requested baptism, but the relation
they gave was not satisfactory, and their request
was not granted." Mr. Alathias built up Christian
•churches in the truth, and with soundly converted
members, whose future experience would encourage
their brethren and commend the gospel.

He was an earnest advocate of missions all over
our own country, and away to the ends of the
earth. lie was ever ready to speak for missions in
his own church and in the region around. And it
was his custom to commend Christian love for the
perishing at home and abroad by a liberal con-
tribution of his own, which gave him freedom of
utterance in appealing to others, and which im-
parted a peculiar power to his missionary argu-
ments.

He had five sons and three daughters, every one
of whom was converted under his ministry, and
buried in the waters of baptism by his hands.

No man was loved more in the old Philadelphia
Association tlmn Father Mathias. His fame had
traveled over the entire State an{l a large section
of New Jersey. Wherever ho was known ho hail
a warm place in the hearts of the friends of
■Christ.

He was a firm Baptist, and while he loved all
Christians, he knew nntliing of that charity that
would sacrifice the smallest part of God's truth.
Not for empires, nor for mines of gold, nor for
worlds, would ho slight his Lord that he might
bribe the servants of that Maslin- for their good
will.

Mr. Mathias preached three times the Sunday
before his death ; on the following Tuesday even-
ing his spirit suddenly entered the heavens. On
Friday an immense concourse of people gathered
at his funeral services, every one of whom felt that
49

a father and a friend had been borne to the skies
when Father Mathias fell asleep. And though
this event occurred thirty y(;ars ago the memory
of our venerable friend is as fragrant as ever,
not in Ililltown only, but fur hundreds of miles
around it.

Mattoon, Rev. C. H., of Albany, Oregon, is an
earnest and inllucntial preacher, and known as the
Itaptist historian in that State. Tlicnc is hardly
any pastor or prominent Baptist in Oregon whose
history is unknown to Mr. Mattoon. He has
preached in nearly every part of the State. Born
at Canastota, N. Y., of Old-School Presbyterian
parents, lie became a Baptist, and was immersed
at Genoa, 0., in 1S44. He obtained a good educa-
tion ut Central College, O. lie went to Oregon in
1851 ; was licensed in 18.o3; published The Rdiy-
ious Expositor six months ; was Professor (jf Mathe-
matics in JlcMinnville two years ; and in agency
work became familiar with Baptists in tlie State
and adjacent 'I'erri lories. In 1871 he was ordained
by the Pleasant Butte church ; is a strong Baptist
writer of the Landmark school ; in 1874 held a
written diNCUssion on that subject; is more logical
than rhetorical in preaching; is positive, and so
full of the facts in Baptist history that he is some-
times called " the Ba)itist Encyclopaedia of Oregon."
He is historical secretary of the Baptist Convention
of the North Pacific coast.

Maxcy, Jonathan, D.D., was bom in Attle-
borough, Mass., Sept. 2, 1708. In his case the
moulding influence of a liighly gifted mother was
felt in the formative jicriod of his life. Such was
the intellectual development of young Maxcy that
his parents determined to secure for him all the
advantages of a liberal course of study. Having
been prepared for college in the academy of Uev.
AVilliam Williams, of AVrcntham, not far from his
native place, he became a member of the Freshman
class in Brown University in 1783, when he was
but fifteen years of age. All the hopes which had
been cherished with reference to him were abun-
dantly realized. Ho made rapid progress in the
acquisition of knowledge and in mental discipline,
and graduated with the highest honors of his class
in 1787. His talents were brought into immediate
service in the college where he had gained his
laurels. He was appointed a tutor, and for four
years devoted himself with great success to tlie
duties of his oftico. But his .Master had a higher
service for liim. Having become a subject of the
converting grace of God, he was baptized by Kev.
l>r. Manning, and connected himself with the First
liaptist church in Providence. The church at once
gave him a license to preach, and he was invited to
supply the pulpit which President Manning had
recently vacated. From the outset of his [uiblic
ellbrts as a preacher of the gospel his rank as a

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MAXVV

762

MAA'I'JY

pulpit orator was e.stal)lisl]e(l. So jileaseJ was tlie
churoli willi llicsu ell'urts that ho was Bolicitod to
rcsiiji;!! his ollico as tutor iu Brown Uuivoi-sity aitd
accept II call to the pastorate of tlio Hock to which
he liad iiiiuistercd with so luueh satisfaction, 'i'he
call was accepted, and Mr. Maxey was ordained
Sept. 8, 17'J1, when he was but tw^;nty-three years
of a^e, the Kev. |lr. Stilliiian preachinj; tlie ordi-
initiun sermon, lie was also appointed a professor
in ihown University on the same day, as well as a
trustee of the college.

In the midst of most congenial eni|iloynicnts,
and when he was constantly developing his powers
as a preacher and a pastor. Dr. Manning was sud-
derdy smitten down by a fatal disease and died.
All eyes wore at once turned to Ma.xcy as the most
suitable person to till the vacancy created by the
decease of the lamented Manning, and he was
unanimously elected president. lie resigned his
pastorship just one year from the day he was or-
dained, and entered u|)on Ins duties in the univer-
sity. He was only twenty-four years of age, the
youngest man, if we mistake not, that was ever
callcil to (ill so responsible a position in this coun-
try, ilis youth probably brought him in closer
and more intimate ridations with the students of
the college than if he had been older. Atanyrate,
he was from the first very popular, and the young
men were prouil of their youthful president. Sev-
eral discourses which he published within a few
j'ears after he took charge of the university added
greatly to his reputation as tin able divine. In
liSfll Harvard University conferred on him the
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. lie was at
the time only tiiirty-tiiree years of age. His ollieiid
connection with Brown University continued for
ten years, when he was called to the presidential

chair in Union Oolle

where lie rcnuiined two

years. Finding our Northern climate too severe
for his delicate constitution, he accepted an invita-
tion to take the jiresidency of the South Carolina
College, where ho remained for sixteen years, and
was the means of raising the institution to a high
rank aimmg the colleges of the country.

From all the traditions th;it hiive come down to
us there is reason to believe that Dr. Maxcy was
one of the most eloquent preachers, not merely of
his own denomination, but of any, in the country.
It is said that " a profound and breathless silence,
an intense feeling, and a delight amounting to rap-
ture were the almost invariable attendants of his
preaching. Ilis nitmner was emphatically his own.
There was no labored display, not.'iing turgid or
aUbeted, but (U'erything was, easy, graceful, digni-
lichl, and natural. His general manner of delivery
was rather mild than vehement, aTid rather solemn
tiian impetuous ; commencing in a moderate tone
of voice, but becoming more animated and impas-

sioned as he proceeded, he gradually inlluonced the
hearts and feelings of his audience." Says Hon,
Jas. L. i'ctigrn, of South Carolina, " Never will the
charm of his eloquence bo erased from the meiriory
on which its impression iias once been made."
Hon. Senator F.vans, of South Caroliim, "He was
the greatest orator I have ever heard in the |iulpit."
Judge O'Neall, of South Cnrnlinii, " His wi're tiny
finest specimens ol' eloquence and truth to which it
has been my privilege to listen." Dr. iMaxcy died
June 4, ISJO.

Maxey, Gen. Eice, was born in Barren, Ky.,
July 23, 18U(_I. In l.S2'J he became a member of
Mill Creek Baptist churcii, Monroe Co., Ky. Prac-
tised law from his twenty-first to his lifticth year;
removed to Paris, Texas, Nov. 20, 1857 ; elected to
the State senate to .succeed his son. Gen. S. B.
Maxey, in 1862. He lived to see his son, Samuel
]5ell Maxey, a U. S. Senator from Texas. He was a
leailer in Kentucky and Texas, both in religion and
politics, and exerted great influence both by his
lofty character and line abilities. He was twice
married. After a painful illness, borne with Chris-
tian fortitude, he died Jan. II, 1878.

Maxey, U. S. Senator Samuel Bell.— The
Maxey family are of Huguenot descent, having
settled on James Bivcr soon after the revocation of
the edict of Nantes. His great-grandfather, Itad-

GliN. SAMIKl. m;l,l. MAXEV.

ford Maxey, liecame a planter in Halifax Co., Va.,.
and Ills grandfather, William Maxey, removed to
Kentucky in the last century. His father. Rice
Maxey, was born in Barren Co., Ky., in the year

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7f)3

MA Y FIELD

1800, and was a. lawyer by pi'ofoasion. His iiiotlior
was tliu daugliler of Suiuiml Uell, a native of A\-
iieiiwu-le Co., \'a.

. Samuel JJell iMaxey was born at Toiupkhisville,
Monroe Co., Ky., Mareli 30, 18-5. His fatber re-
moved, in 1834, to Clinton County, wbere be was
clerk of tlie Cireult and County courts.' In 1857
he removed to Texiis and settled at Paris. Sam-
uel was educated at the best scliuols, studyinj;
Latin, Greek, and matliematies until be was seven-
teen years old, wben be was appointed a cadet in
tbe Military Academy at AVest Point. IIo was
graduated tbore in 18-tt), and assigned to tbe Ttb
Infantry as a brevet second lieutenant. Tbat fall
he went to ]Me.\ici>. lie lirst joined Taylor at Mon-
terey', and wben Scott organized a new offensive
line i'rom Vera Cruz, Ma.'iey went in Twiggs' col-
umn to Tampico. He shared in tbe siege of Vera
t'ruz, and was with Harvey's brigade at tbe battle
of Cerro Uordo. He was brevetted a lirst lieutenant
for gallant conduct at tbe battles of Contreras and
Cburubusco, and was also engaged at -Molino del
Key and in tbe engagement which resulted in the
capture of tbe city of Mexico. After the city fell
into ilia luuids tioii. Scott organized a battalion of
five companies of picked men under Col. Charles
F. Smith as a city guard. iMaxey was assigned to
the command of one of these companies, and be
was thus provost of one of tbe live districts of the
city. iMaxey had learned French at AVest Point.
While in Mexico be became familiar with the Span-
ish tongue, wliich subsequently proved useful to
him in tlio practice of the law in T'exas. He re-
turned to tbe United States from IMexico in the
summer of 18-18, and was stationed at Jellerson
Barracks, but linally resigned Sept. 17, 184'J. He
returned to bis lather's bonje, studied law, and in
1850 began the practice at Allumy, Clinton County.
In 1857 he settled at his present home in Paris,
a (iromising town in Nortlieastorn Texas, and prac-
tised law until 1801. About the opening of tbe
war he was elected to the State senate, but never
took his seat, as lie thought be ought to be in the
army. He raised the 9tli Texas Infantry fur tbe
army under (-ien. Albert Siilney Johnston. In De-
cember, 18(11, it nmrcbed by land and reached
Memphis in time to Join the army at Corinth. In
the mean time he had been made a brigadier-gen-
eral. He joined Gen. Johnston at Decatur, and
was sent by biai to Chattanooga to collect and re-
organize troops there.

Gen. Maxey's services in tbe Confederate army
were nmiiy and important. On the direct applica-
tion cf Gen. K. Kirby Smith, then in command of
the TransMihsissippi l)epartirient, in tbe fall of
1803 he was ordereil to take eoninmnd of tbe Indian
Territory. Everything there was in terrible con-
fusion. Maxey, with very little aid from liead-

(juarters, put eight or ten thousand troops under
arms. In tbe spring of 1804 he advised Gen. Smith
of Steele's advance, and moved into Arkansas,
where be joined Price and shared in his light at
Prairie Danne to check the enemy. He fought
Steele at Poison Springs, April 18, 1864, and cap-
tured his entire train of 227 wagons. The loss of
his transportation compelled Steele to retire. For
his conduct on this occasion Maxey was made a
major-general.

Gen. Maxey went to liis home and devoted him-
self to the practice of tbe law, which soon proved
both laborious and lucrative to him. He was ap-
pointed judge, Init declined. In 18741ie was elected
to the United States Senate, and took his seat March
5, 1875. Gen. Maxey undouljtedly owes bis election
to tbe popular conviction that he is stanch, diligent,
and a representative man.

At first Gen. Maxey was placed on the Committee
on Territories, but was transferred tbe same year,
1875, to that on Jlilitary Alfairs. He has served
continuously on tbe Committee on Labor and Edu-
cation, and on Post Olfices, of which latter he is
now chairman. He has bad more than ordinary
success in practical legislation. He has never nnido
a report from any committee which was not sus-
tained. The post-ollice committee is a very impor-
tant one to a frontier Stale. Gen. Maxey has aided
greatly in increasing the postal facilities of Texas.
Among others, he has bad established the stage
route from Fort Worth to Fort Yuma, tbe longest
stage line in the world.

Gen. Maxey is a miMiilierof tbe Baptist Church,
to which his family has belonged for four or live
generations. He is a gallant, genial gentleman,
and a hard-working, useful Senator. Very few Sen-
ators enjoy so generally the all'ection and esteem
of their colleagues.

Maxson, Rev. John, the first wliit(! child born
on the island of llbode Island, was born in 1038,
shortly after his fatber had been killed by the Pc;-
quots. IIo was one of the purchasers of Westerly,
11. I., in 1001, and one of the freemen there in
1009 ; ordained, wben seventy years of age, " to the
place and ollice of an elder" in tbe First AV^esterly
(now Hopkinton) Seventh-Day Bajitist church ;
bad as assistants, in 1710, John Maxson (2d), Wil-
liam Davis, Joseph Clarke, Sr.; Getu-ge Stillman,
Joseph Clarke, Jr., and Joseph Crandall, and in
1712 the church numbered about 130 members
died Deo. 17, 1720, aged eighty-two.

Mayfield, W. D., D.D., pastor of Central Baptist
church, l/ittle Ibick, ^\rk., w;is boi-n in South (Caro-
lina ill 1837 ; began to preach in 1N5() ; chaplain
of the 3d S. C. Ilegiment, in the Confederate army ;
after filling several iiiipcn'tant ]iastoratea in bis
native State he bei;aiiic pastor at Helena, Ark., in
1808; from 18(4 to 1877, correspotuling secretary

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MA YS

764

MCCALLUM

of the Southern Baptist Publication Society ; then
removed to Nashville, Tenn., and began the publi-
cation of the Baptist Bcflcclur ; he also published
a literary maL;;azino called JIappi/ Jfame: at the
close of the year 1879 he removed tu Little Uock.
Dr. Jlayfield is a line writer, and as he is yet in
the prime of life, much may lie expected from his
vigorous pen.

Mays, Rev. John L., a ]iionoer preacher in
North Louisiana, by whose zealous labors many
churches in Union, Claiborne, and Jackson Parishes
were founded, was born in ISl-i, and died in the
IMilpit, Nov. 16, LSGli.

Mays, R. G., M.D„ was born in Edgefield Co.,
S. C, Oct. 5, KSUl). '' After finishing liis regular
course of study," writes his sister, Mrs. Judge Bre-
vard, '"he decided on medicine as his calling, and
gra<luated at the medical college in Baltimore in
1822." Not caring for liis profession, he devoted
himself to fanning and became a very successful
planter.

In the extensive revival of 1831, Dr. and Mrs.
Mays were converted, and baptized into Edgelield
church by the Rev. Mr. Hodges, t^ronx liis con-
version to his death he was an earnest, zealous
Christian, lie was a natural orator, readily using
beautiful expressions with a voice full of melody,
and he was almost irresistible in exhortation. His
prayers were from a heart imbued with the Spirit
of God, and could scarcely be heard without emo-
tion. His manners were genial and kind, and his
hospitality overflowing and refined.

Ho was ready to aid ever}' good work, and being
blessed with a competency, and coming to Florida
wlien the denomination was young and weak, he
did much to build it up. He was specially inter-
ested in the spiritual welfare of his slaves, and em-
ployed ministers to preach to them.

He was called to jiass through deep waters.
Seven of nine children were taken from him, and
in April, 1S78, the wife of his youth died at their
home at Orange Mills. Since that time Dr. Mays
liimself has gone to his eternal home.

McAlister, Rev. I. N., an active minister of
Sabine Association, La., was born in Mississippi
in 1813; came to Louisiana in 1853 •, was em-
ployed as a missionary of the State Convention, and
did good service. He died Jan. 27, LS74.

McAlpine, Rev. Wm. H., is about thirty-si.'c
years old ; reared as a slave in a cultivated family ;
received instruction and good breeding; entered
school at Talladega soon after he became free.
Took a liberal course in the Congregational Col-
lege at that place; at the same time received in-
struction in theology from Dr. J. J. D. llenfroc, by
whom he was baptized, ordaiinul, and installed piis-
tor of tlic colored church in the city. He has been
State evangelist for his race; now pastor of the

large colored church at Marion. No man has done
more for the elevation of the colored people in Ala-
bama. He is an excellent preacher, and a rising
man.

McArthur, Joseph Benjamin, was liorn Nov.
25, 1849, in the township of Lobo, County of Mid-
dlesex, Ontario, Canada. He attended the public
school until fifteen years of age, and, after an in-
terval of two years spent upon a farm, went to the
Middlesex Seminary. In 1808 he matriculated into
the Law Society of Upper Canada, and was entered
as a student atOsgoode Hall, in the city of Toronto.
He was called to the bar of Ontario in November,
1873, and was invited to join the eminent legal
firm to whom he had been articled. The retire-
ment of a member of the firm on Jan. 1, 1881, led
to the formation of the present firm of Mulock,
Tilt, McArthur & Crowther. Mr. McArthur was
baptized in 1873, and united with the Alexander
Street church, Toronto, of which he lias been for
several years a deacon. He is superintendent of
the Sunday-school, one of the trustees of the To-
ronto Baptist College, and a vice-president of the
Home Mission Board. For personal consecration
and liberal giving he is conspicuous among the
laymen of Canada.

McCall, Rev. G. R., of Hawkinsville, Ga., is
one of the ablest, most prominent, and influential
of the younger generation of Georgia Baptist min-
isters,— a man whose modesty equals his merit,
and whose ability as a preacher is second to few
of his age. He was born Feb. 7, 1829, in Screven
Co., Ga., and was educated at Mercer University,
graduating witii the third honor, in a talented
class, in the year 1853. He then spent one year
in the same university studying theology. He
joined the church at fifteen, was licensed at eigh-
teen, and ordained Sept. 24, 1854, when nearly
twenty-live. In January of 1855 he was called to
preach once a month to the Richland church,
Twiggs County, and has continued its pastor ever
since. After the war he settled in Hawkinsville,
and took charge of the Baptist church there in Oc-
tober, 18(30, to which church he is still preaching.
He has been a diligent and successful pastor. For
years Mr. McOall has acted as the moderator of the
Ebenezer Association, and his influence in all the
region where he lives is very great, especially in
the Baptist churches. For ten years in succession
he has been the clerk of the Georgia Baptist Con-
vention, and for two years was clerk of the South-
ern Baptist Convention. He has been a member
of the board of trustees for Mercer University, act-
ing as secretary of the board. He is a strung friend
of missions, Sunday-schools, and of education. He
is an excellent preacher and a wise counselor. He
ranks very higti in the estimation of his lirethren.
McCallum, Rev. H. B., was born in Ivnos Co.,

11 M .y

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McCLOUD

765

MCCONNIGO

Tenn., Jan. 9, 1837, and spent his childhood at
Gravesvillt;, in the northeastern part of tiiat county.
In liis thirteenth year liis father removed to Knox-
vilk^ Here Ilugli spent his time from 184'J to
1853.

In 1852 he entered East Tennessee University,
and remained several terms. During tlie fall of
1852 lie was converted, and was liaptiz<;d by Dr.
Matthew Ilillsnian in December of that year, lie
was soon impres.'ied with the duty of preaching the
gospel, and resolved to devote his life to that work.
In 1854 he entered Union University, IMurfrees-
borough, 'I'enn., intending to take a full course,
but his health declined so rapidly that he renuiined
but ten months.

By advice of his ])hysioians he visited Florida in
December, 1856, and remained till spring. \\y
doing this for two or three years he was restored
to comparatively good health.

In 1859 lie settled in Camden, S. C, and con-
tinued meanwhile to study theology. The follow-
ing year he enlisted as a private, and was mustered
into service in the Confederate army. In 18fil he
was called to the chaplaincy of his regiment, ami
was ordained at the call of his church, and served
as ehaidain during the war.

At the eldso of the war lie settled in Sumter
District, S. C, and preached to country churches.
In 1807 he removed to Florida, and in 18(39 he lo-
cated at Lake City, and was soon chosen to the
pastorate of the church there. Tlie little organiza-
tion, with no house, was soon built up to an effective
church, and one of the best houses of worship in the
State erected. In 1873 he was induced to com-
mence the Florida Baptist, and published it two
years, and then transferred it to the Christian
Index, of Georgia.

Mr. McCallum is a man of ability and energy.
lie is a ready, forcible writer and speaker, and by
his pen and his preaching has done much to
strengthen the Baptist denomination in the State.

McCloud, Rev. Constant S., a native of Ver-
mont, was l)orn in 181S; graduated at Georgetown
College in 1840 ; removed to Mississippi, and be-
came successively pastor at Starkville, Vicksburg,
and Raymond. After the war he became pastor at
Jefferson, Texas, where by his indefatigable labors
he increased the membership from a mere handful
to abonttwo hundred, and erected one of the hand-
somest church edilices in the State, and a comfort-
able parsonage. In 1872 he became missionary of
the Grand Cane Baptist Association, La. lie fell
a victim to yellou' fever at Shrevepurt, Oct. 17,
1873.

McCoid, Hon. M, M., member of Congress
from Iowa, was born in Logan Co., 0., Nov. 5,
1840. His father, Robert ^McCoid, was of Irish,
und his mother, June Bain, of Scotch, descent. Her

father came from Ayrshire, Scotland, and was a
Revolutionary soldier in the Virginia troops. Mc-
Coid removed with his parents to Iowa when he
was eleven years old. He received a common-
school education, and then attended Fairfield Uni-
versity, and AVashington College, Washington, Pa.,
until the Junior year, leaving because of ill healtii.
He soon after entered upon the study of law. He
was admitted to the bar in 1861, but immediately
enlisted as a private in Co. E, 2d Regiment Iowa
Vols., in which he serveil for the full time of en-
listment, being discharged May 28, 1864. He was
promoted to be second lieutenant, and was for a
considerable time acting adjutant of the regiment.
He was in seven battles, including Fort Donelson,
Shiloh, Corintli, and Stone River. In 1864 he re-
turned to civil life, and bc^gan the practice of law.
In 1805 he was elected district attorney of the
sixth Iowa judicial district, and served for four
years. In 1870 he was elected State senator, and
re-elected in 1875 ; in 1878 he was elected from
the first district as a member of the i^orty-sixth
Congress, and he was re-elected to the present
Congress. He was brought up a Presbyterian, and
learned the Shorter (Jatechism before he was able
to read, but on his conversion, in 1S05, he embraced
the Baptist faith, and has been a member of the
Fairfield Baptist church ever since. He is a man
of great ability, integrity, and piety.

McConnico, Rev. Gamer, was a native of
Lunenburg Co., Va., where his fainily occupied a
high social position. He became hupefully pious,
under the instructions of an excellent mother, at a
very early age, and united with the cliurch ; and
such were the spirit and the ability which he mani-
fested in the part he occasionally took in the social
religious exercises that the cliurch in due time
licensed him to prea<Oi, and ordained him as a min-
ister of the gospel before he had reached his twenty-
eighth year. As the beautiful valley of the Cum-
berland presented extraordinary attractions as a
place for settlement, Mr. McConnico sold his prop-
erty in Lunenburg County near the close of the
last century, and selected as his future home a spot
in Williamson County tlian whicli it would be
difficult to find another more beautiful. Hrre he
secured a large tract of land, and spent thirty-live
years rearing a large and estimable family, some
of whom have since reached positions of usefulness
and honor. Ilis mansion was ever the scene of a
))rofuse hospitality. In it was found the best society
tlien in the West; and especially was it the home
of ministers of the gosjiel. Mr. McConnico imme-
diately commenced among the settlers his afipro-
priate work. He was ;i diligent student of the
Bible, and of standard thcohigii'al writings, with
which his library was furnished. He clung with
unyielding tenacity to the great doctrines of the

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M'-'CO Y

76fi

MCCOY

Cross, and had an intelligent and definite view of
tlie whole evangelical syatem. Ho prepared his
disoomses with iiiiu'li care, and thoy were charac-
terized by remarkable perspicuity and directness,
and thoy were dcdiverod with graceful elocution
and impressive fervur. Tor years he Lu-eachcd often
in all parts of the middh', district, and sometimes
b('yond it. Many professed religion, and a largo
number of churches were raised up mainly through
his instrumentality. Of the llarpi^th church,
which was in his imnu'diate neighborhood, and
which was large, intelligent, and wealthy, he be-
came the regular pastor, and continued in the office
until the end of his life. Of seven other churches
around him he was the stated supply, according to
the practice of the times. His popularity was al-
most unbounded. He died suddenly, full of fai'.h
and hope, in the year 1833.

Ilis piety was deep, and his presence neutralized
every tendeiury to levity. Listening to him be-
neath the shaile of the gigantic forest-trees, where
he so often preached, you would have felt coming
over you a strange reverence for his mighty mind.
His nuMiiory and influence can never die.

McCoy, Rev. Isaac, the great apostle to the
American Indians, was born in Fayette Co., Pa.,
June 13, 1784. Ho camo with his father to Ken-
tucky in IT'.'O. In 18111 he was converted and
joined the Buck Orcek liaptist church, lu 1803
ho was iTiarrii'd to Uhristiatui l'(dk, ilaughter of
Oapt. I'olk, whose wile and several children were
captured by the Ottowas. Mr. McCoy and his wife
were afterwards missionaries to that tribe.

In 1804 he came to Vincennes. Intl., and in 1805
removed to Clarke County, same State. Ho had a
marked influence u|ion the churches and Associa-
tions of that |)art of the State. No one of the great
lienevolent enterprises of the denomination was
allowed to pass unnoticed. Living in apart of the
country where Antinomianism was industriously
taught, ho exerted himself to counteract its baneful
influence. 1 le was licensed to preach by tho mother
of all Indiana Baptist churches, — Silver Creek. In
1810 he was ordained by tho Maria Creek church.
In 1817 he received an appointment as missionary
to the Indians of Indiana and Illinois. Aftiu- his
departure for his work the iiilluiMico of Daniel
Parker grew rapidly in the southwestern part of
Indiana, and the missionary spirit waned. Mr.
McCoy was appointed for one }'ear, but had no
thought that he should cease to labor for the red
man at tho expiration of that time ; his plans em-
braced many years. Aft(U' spending some time
in Western Indiana, it occurred to him that he
should move to Fort Wayne and establish amission.
He labored there till 1822, when ho established a
mission about one mile west of whore Niles (Mich-
igan) now is. Ho named it Carey, after the ]')nglish

missionary. Mr. McCoy and his wife entered upon
this missionary work with all the zeal and strength
of faith that characterized the life and labora of
Mr. and Mrs. Jndson. And their faith did not fail.
Deprivations, sicknesses, and sorrows such as but
few mortals know were not strangers to them. Mr.
McCoy vodo huudreds of miles through the wilder-
ness, and swam tho swollen streams, lying on the
wot ground at night, for the sake of carrying for-
ward his missions. He went on horseback to ^\'asll•
ington several times to interest Congress in meas-
ures beneficial to the Indian. Jlany months would
be occupied in those journeys. One of the se-
verest trials that Mr. McCoy was called to bear
was that during his absence from home sickness
and somiitimcs <l('ath would visit his family. Five
of his children were called by death at dili'erent
times while he was absent from homo. Persons of
narrow selfish views would readily call him cruel
and indill'orent. but men who could rise to hi.s plane
of devotion to tho work that he believed God had
givi'n him can see that his loyalty to tho Master
was superior even to parental alfectiou. No man
loved his wife and children more than he.

Many conversions occurred at the Carey mission.
The hymns compcjsed by him on the occasion of the
first baptism at Fort Wayne and at Carey are ex-
jn'essive at once of his groat joy and his great hope
of what would yot be doni; for tho Indian.

He records that tho greatest obstacle by far that
he was obliged to meet in his labors lur tlie conver-
sion of the Indians was the introduction of whisky
among them by white men. So great were his
annoyances at one time that he decided to send
several of his Indian pu|iils East to be educated, so
that they might become teachers for their own peo-
ple. They found a ready welcome at Hamilton,
N. Y.

His laboi's at Washington were to secure a terri-
tory for the Indians into which the white nuin
might not intrude his wicked commerce. This he
regarded as the only sure hope for the Christiani-
zation or civilization of the red men. He lived to
see some of the tribes settled on their own territory,
indnstrions and happy. In his labors for the pas-
sage of such acts as he recommended to Congress
he speaks of the sympathy and co-operation afforded
him by Spencer II. Cone, William Colgate, and
others of his brethren.

Oct. 9, 182.5, Mr. McCoy preached the first ser-
mon in English ever delivered in Chicago or near
its site. In 1826 he gave np tho personal suporin-
tondonco of the C'arev niission fir the purpose of
selecting lands fcu' tho Indians farther W(ist. He
nnido surveys west of the Mississippi liiver, and
several times went to AVashington to communicate
facts to Congress and to lay liis plans before that
body. In 1840 he published his "' Histcn'y of In-

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MOCOY

767

MCCUNE

(liiin AfFairs," a voliiniu of 600 octavo pages, and
Cull of interest. In X'SAi the American Indian
iMission Association was lorniiid, and lie was iiuide
secretary, with headquarters at Lonisvilh^, Ky.

In June, 1846, as lie was returning I'roin JeQ'er-
sonville, where he had preached, he was caught in
a rain-sturiii, I'roiii the ollects of which he died in a
few days at his lionie iii Ijouisvillo.

''Ills life and lahors were truly, the connecting
link hetween barbarism and civilissatinn in this
region of the country and over a largo portion of
the West. His perseverance and devotion were
morally and heroically sublime. For nearly thirty
years he was the apostle to the Indians of the
West." His last words were. '• Tell the brethren,
never to let the Indian mission decline."

McCoy, Milton, M.D., was born in KanaiJdia
Co., West \'a., in January, 1824. He professed con-
version, and joined the Hansford Baptist church in
1847, being baptized into the fellowsliip of that
church by Rev. M. il. Uock. He coniinenceJ the
practice of medicine in 184'J ; removed to Aloniteau
Co., Mo., in 1853, and to Boonville in 180.'5. lie
was a constituent member of the First Baptist
church in Tipton, Mo., which was fonned in 1858,
and of wdiich ho was made a deacon. Upon his
removal to Boonville he was made a deacon there,
and has held the ollice ever since. For years ho
has been mie of the main pillars in the church.

McCraW, EeV. A. G., a native of Newberry Dis-
trict, S. C, was born Juiie4, 1803. He is of Scotch
descent. In 1818, with his father, he removed to
Alabama, and located in Perry County. An in-
dustrious student, he pursued an extensive range
of historic reading; was baptized at Ocmulgce
cluirch iu May, 1828, and began at once to preach
the gospel: was ordained in 1831, U(.'v. George
Everett receiving ordination at the same time;
these two labored much together, mainly as evan-
gelists. They planted a number of ehiirchi's, had
many revivals, and baptized large numbers of con-
verts ; in one of their revivals 200 were baptized
in Shelby County in 1832. In 1835 he became
pastor of the large and inllueiilhil church at Oc-
mulgee, — a position which he hidd for many years.
In 1851 he became pastor in the growing city of
Selma, where he led a career of success until his
death, which occurred Jan. 14, 1861. Always in
easy circumstances, Mr. .McCraw labored constant!}'
in the ministry, and with but small remuneration.
He was prominently connected with the leading
interests of Alabama Baptists, earnestly jileading
every cause fostered by our State Convention. He
was several years president of that body. He
reared a highly accomplished family.

McCraw, Rev. N, F., an active and efficient
minister of the Bayou Macon Association, La., was
born ill Tennessee in 1828; did much to strengthen

the Baptist churches between the Mississippi and
Uuachita Kivcrs. Dieil in 1874.

McCulIoch, Rev. Jno. V., a pioneer preacher in
Arkansas, was born in Tennessee in 1820. He set-
tled in Dallas County, Ark., in 1839, and shortly
afterwards began to preach, though not ordained
until 1851. Abounding in labors in the gospel, be
preached in all the surrounding country; was in-
strumental in forming most of the early churches
in the region between the Ouachita and Saline
liivers. He even extended his labors into the re-
gion between the Bayou Bartholomew and the Mis-
sissippi River, where he died from malarial fever
iu 1874. This useful minister is affectionately re-
membered by the people.

McCully, Judg'e Jonathan, son of Rev. Samuel
McCuUy, was born in Nappan, Nova Scotia, July
25, 180'J. He was converted and baptized in 184'J.
He removed to Halifax soon after, and became
deacon of the North Baptist church in that city,
which office he held until his death, Jan. 2, 1877.
He was a member of the Nova Scotia Legislative
Council and of the Senate of Canada, and judge of
the Supremo Court of Nova Scotia. He was an
able lawyer, statesman, and judge. He left be-
quests to Acadia College and foreign missions.

McCuUy, Rev. Samuel, was born in Nova
Scotia. He was coinerted under the ministry of
Rev. Joseph Crandall, and embracing Baptist prin-
ciples, was immersed by him in 1813. He was
ordained at Sackville, New Brunswick, in 1820.
From 1827 he was associated in labor with Rev.
Charles Tupper at Amherst, Nova Scotia, but
preached frequently in Cumberland and Westmore-
land Counties. Faithful and earnest, tinii yet
pacific, his labors were highly prized.

McCune, Hon. Henry E., deacon of the Baptist
church at Dixon, Cal., a man of great social, politi-
cal, and religious influence, an intelligent Christian
and generous Baptist. Through his lilierality the
large college property at Vacaville, worth $20,000,
was secured for California (Baptist) College. He
is president of its board, and a large contributor to
its funds. The Dixon house of worship, an elegant
edifice, was erected by his aid as a chief contribu-
tor, lie was born June 10, 1825, in Pike Co., Mo. ;
baptized in March, 1840, and joined tliePenochurch;
removed to California, and settled near Vacaville, So-
lano Co., in 1854 ; went into the organization of the
Vacaville Baptist church in 1856; was ordained as
deacon in 1863. In 1873 he was elected to the State
senate of California, and served two terms. By oc-
cupation he is a farmer, and holds several thousand
acres of line land. Deacon Mc(Jiine has been greatly
|irospered ; but he ludds his wealth as a trust for
the Lord, and, though he gives wisely and largely
fur church and denominational enterprises, and is
loved and hoiuired by all who know him, he is one

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MODANIEL

708

MCDONALD

of the most uiodest and unassuming of men.
homo and licait and purse are all for Clirist.

His

preach the same year. lie was chiefly instru-
mental in tlie organization of the Fayettevilie Bap-
tist church, of whicii he was pastor for thirty-two
years. For six years ho was pastor of the First
Baptist church of Wilmington, N. C, during a
part of which time he was also editor of a religious
journal.

Dr. JMcDaniol was one uf the founders of the
Baptist State Convention, being present at its or-
ganization in Greenville, Pitt Co., in ISuO, and he
liad the iionor of presiding over its deliberations
for nineteen years. He was ti trustee of Wake
Forest College for many years, and his zeal in the
cause of missions was ardent and unremitting.
He was elerk of Cape Fear Association for fourteen
years. Dr. Mc[)aniel possessed in a rare degree
the gifts and graces of the orator, and many are the
traditions of the pathos and power of his preaching
in his younger days. At a good old age, and with
his natural force unabated, this eiuinent divine
was gathered to his fathers in 1870. Wake Forest
College conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity
upon him in 18Gy.

McDonald, Rev. Alexander, was born in

181-1, in .Scotland. He was converted at Margaree,
Cape Breton, and baptized by Itev. Wm. Burton.
He studied at Acadia College from 1638 to 18-11.
He was ordained pastor in Prince Edward Island.
lie was pastor of Carleton Baptist church, St.
John, Now Brunswick, from 18-10 to 1849. He died
Jan. 27, 1851. He was an earnest, faithful, and
useful minister.

McDonald, Gov. Charles J., was bom in Char-
leston, S. C, in July, 1793. His parents removed-
to Georgia during his infancy. In his youth he
was sent to a classical school in Hancock Co., Ga.,
and was graduated at the University of South Caro-
lina during the presidency of Jonathan Masey, who
at twenty-four years of age was president of Brown
University. Returning to Georgia, young McDon-
ald studied law, and even in his early manhood took
rank with the best lawyers in the State. In a short
time he was elected by the Legislature to a judgeship
of the Superior Court. 'I'liough his duties were con- .
lined to a district, ho acquitted hiiusidf in this office
80 haiidsoiuely that he became known throughout
the State as one of its ablest jurists. Having pre-
viously been a member of the Legislature, he had
acquired some standing among politicians, and in
1839 was elected governor of the State by a hanil-
some majority. In 1S41 he was re-elected to the.
same office, although the State, at an election held
for President of the United States only a short time
jireviously, had given a large majority to his politi-
cal opponents. The fact shows that he was a far
more popular man with the people than the party
to honor. He was born near Fayotteville, N. C, j with which he was identified. lietiring from 'the '
in 1803; was baptized in 1827, and began to | gubernatorial chair, and being still in the vigor of

ItO.V. HENRV E. MCUNE.

McDaniel, James, D.D., was one of the men

whom the Baptists of North Carolina delighted

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MCDONALD

769

MODONALD

his diiys, he resunicd tho practioo of hiw. But in
u aiiort time the people called liini to boa judfiie of
the Supreiuc Oimrt of the State, and he continued
in the olliec unlil disubled by the illness whieli

GOV. CHARLES J. M DONALD.

terminated in his death. lie died at his beautifnl
home in Marietta, Ga., in December, IhiOO.

Perhaps no man was more popular in his day
than Gov. McDonald. Besides commanding; all the
votes of his party when a candidate fur office before
the people, he was sustained, from ])ersijiuil con-
siderations, by many who dissented from hi.s politi-
cal views. This was not because lie descended to
the low expedients of the partisan in seeking sup-
porters. He utterly despised all unworthy means.
It was his fine character which commanded uni-
versal respect. Ills integrity was above reproach,
whilst as a politician he always aimed at the gen-
eral good. On one occasion during a heated can-
vass, a friend suggested a method by which be
might gain a great advantage over his ojiponent.
" It is not honorable," said the governor. '' What
of that? It will never bo known." " I shall know
it myself; and a man cannot aflbrd to know any-
iliing mean of liim.self."

The confidence which the people reposed in his
judgment was anotlicr source of the support he en-
joyed at their Ijands. His mind was remarkably
well-balanced. He was singularly sag;icioiis and
discriminating; and had ho been connected as inti-
mately with the national as with State politics,
would have left the impress of his wi.sdom on the
legislation of the country. Throughout life lie was

a man of tho strictest jirobity and morality. It is
believed by those who knew him best that he had
experienced converting grace, and, though not bap-
tized, he was a decided Baptist, and like Nicholas
Brown, was closely identified with the Baptists.

McDonald, Rev. D. G., was born Feb. 15, 1843,
at Uigg, Prince Edward Island, where bis conver-
sion and baptism took ])lace in 1803. He studied
at Acadia College, and was ordained at Newport,
Nova Scotia, Jan. 16, 1873. He labored as a mis-
sionary for some time on Prince Edward Island.
Subsequently he became pastor of the Baptist
church at Chavlottetown, the capital of that pro\-
ince, where his ministry proved highly beneficial.

McDonald, Henry, D.D., was bom in the
county of Antrim, in the north of Ireland, Jan. 3,
1832. He was nurtured in the Roman Catholic
Church, to which his parents and ancestors all be-
lunged. He was educated in the national schools
of Ireland, and afterwards passed through the regu-
lar course of the Normal School, Dublin. In 1848
he left liis native country in consequence of the
failure of the patriots to throw from them the yoke
of British oppression, ami reachi;d New Orleans,
which city he left, after a few weeks, to visit Ken-
tucky. He taught school for some time in Greens-
burg Co., Ky., and afterwards studied law and was
admitted to the bar. During his residence in
Greensburg County he made a thorough examina-
tion of the doctrines of Roman Catholicism, the re-
sult of which, after a severe mental struggle, was
the rejection of the whole system as unscriptural.
Abandoning his faith in the church's dogmas, lie
was led to a complete trust in Christ alone for sal-
vation. In consequence of this radical change iu
his religious views and feelings, he publicly pro-
fessed his faith in Christ, and united with the Bap-
tist church in Greensburg, having been baptized
by the pastor, the Rev. George Peck. He soon felt
it to be his duty to devote himself to the ministry,
and was accordingly licensed by the church and
subsequently ordained, in May, 1854. He was
invited to the pastorate of the church in Greens-
burg, and served it with great success for nearly .
ten years. During this period he was also iiastor,
at different times, of the Friendship and Canip-
bollsville churches, in 'I'aylor County, and the
Mount Gilead church, in Greene County. For one
year he was pastor of the Tate's Creek and Waco
churches in Madison County, and for six years of
the Danville cluireh. He was afterwards |)astor
of the church in Georgetown, Ky., and at the same
time elected to a professorship of Theology in the
Western Baptist Theological Institute, from which
position he subsequently retired to fill the chair of
Moral l'hilo.so|)hy iu the Georgetown College, Ky.
The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred upon
him by the Geoigetowii College, and the degree of

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MCDOUGAL

110

M<-'INrOSH

D.D. liy both tlio Georjretown and Bethel Colleges,
Ivy. Several years ago, l>i\ McDonald was invited
to the |Kistorat<! of the Second IJaptist church,
IviclinionJ, Va., which he accepted, and where he
.still labors with eminent siicoess. In IS5G he mar-
ried, in Greensbnrg, iNIiss Mattie Harding, daughter
of the Hon. Aaron Harding, for several successive
terms a representative in Congress from Kentucky.
Or. McDonald is greatly gifted as a preacher, im-
passioned, (.'loquent,and a master of men's emotional
nature, 'fhuse who know him intimately honor
him greatly.

McDougal, Rev. Alexander, was born in Dub-
lin, Ireland, about 1738. In liis twentj'-first 3'ear
lie came to America and settled in \Vilmington,
N. C, from which he .soon afterwards removed to
Union District, S. C. He and his wife were Pres-
byterians, hut about 1770 he became convinced
that he .was without Christ. He was deeply con-
victed of sin. ^V'hen he found peace in Jesus he
united with a Hajitist church, and soon began to
■exhort. He was ordained to the ministry about
1775. This was at the commencement of the Rev-
olution. Warmly e.spousing the cause of the col-
onies, ''he divided liia time, during tiie war, be-
tween cultivating his farm, preaching tlie gospel,
and lighting the Torii.'S." He continued preaching
in his adopted State until about the year ISOO,
when he removed to Kentucky, ami .settled in
Hardin County. Here, in I8U3, he became pastor
of Nolin church, and he was also pastor of .Severns
Valley church. He continued to serve these com-
munities until his ninety-lifth year, when he rc-
.signed. H<^ dieil .'March 3, 1841, aged one jnindred
and three years.

McDowell, Archibald, D.D., was born in Ker-
shaw Co., S. C, in 1818 ; became a (Jhristian early ;
graduated at Wake Forest College in 1849; was for
a time tutor in that institution, then took charge
of the new enterprise since known as the (,'howan
Female Institute, at Murfrcusbomugh, and after-
wards removed to ^Milton, where he preached and
taught. In l8o3-J4 lie taught in Italcigh, but re-
turned in 1855 to the Chowan Institute, where he
has been ever since, having become president in
1862. He received his degree of D.D. from Wake
Forest College, of which he has long been a trustee.

McFarland, Rev. Arthur, a pioneer jjreacher
in Xortii JiOuisiana, was born in Tcninessec in
17'J3; removed to Louisiana in 1821, and with his
latlier-in-law, KIder James Urinson, united with the
Pine Hills liaptist church, the lirst gathered be-
tween the Ouachita and Red Kivcrs. Shortly after
he ))egan to preach, and continued to labor in the
region where In- resided until disabled by ago, lie
died at Athens, La., Aug. 21, 1878. He is men-
tioned by Benedict us one of his correspondents in
Louisiana.

McGee, Rev. W. H., pastor at Minden, La.,
and secretary of Louisiana Baptist Convention,
was born in Missis-^ippi in lS4t'i; graduated at
Mississippi College in 1870 ; in 1877 called to his
jiresent lield, where his labors have been greatly
blessed.

McGuire, Rev. John A., a veteran Baptist min-
ister, residing at Monroe, La., was born in Ken-
tucky in ny.l; began to preach at the age of sev-
enteen. He laboi'cd snccessfully in his native State
until 1850, when he settled permanently at Monroe,
La,, where he gathered a few Baptists into a church
and became their pastor. The circumstances were
most unfavorable, but he labored with such success
that a comfortable house was built, aTid another
church gathered at Trenton, on the opj)Osite side
of the river. He has lived to witness a commo-
dious brick edifice take the place of tiie first humble
luaise of worshiji, and two strong churches grown
up from the sei>(l lie sowed.

Mcintosh, W. H., D.D., a descendant of Gen.
Mcintosh of American Revolutionary fame, was

W. II. MCINTOSH, h.U.

l)orn in Mcintosh Co., Ga,, April 4, 1811. After
thorough preparation ibr college, he finished his
education in Furunin In,stitution, S. C, under the
Rev. Samuel Furman and Dr. Jesse Hartwell.
Preached for some yi'ars as voluntary missionary,
under a license from the Sunberry Baptist ciiurch,
and was ordaineil by the South Newport churcii in
1830. Became^ pastor at Darien in 1838, where he
remained for eleven years. In 184'J ho was called
to the pastorate in Fufaula, Ala,, and remaining

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771

MO KIN LA V

there six yeai's, in 18o5 he aoeepted the call of the
Siloiim ohiiriih in Marion; und, after a pastorate
tli(!re of Neveiiteeii years, he was, in liS72, ealleil to
Maeon, Ga., from which he relnrned to Marion,
Ala., ill the fall of 1875, to assume the correspond-
ing secretar3'ship of the Home Mission Board of
the Simthern Baptist (.!(jnv('ntion, of which lie was
president durinjf his lon;^ pastorate in that |)lace.
'I'he degree of l>octor of Divinity was conferred on
liiiii liy two institutions in 1808, — Colunihian Col-
ic;;!', Wasliingtoii, I). C, and 15ayliir University,
I'cxas. Dr. Mcintosh is a man of dignilied ))n's-
t'noe, engaging manners, and high character. There
is no ministiM' in unr aci[naintance more widely
iionored and l)eloved. His letters and discourses
iire traced tty a remarkahly graceful and vigorous
pen ; and rare tact, energy, and executive power
are displayed in the discharge of the duties of his
rcsponsihle ollice.

Mclver, Hon. Alex. M., :i native of Darlington
District, 8. C, was horn on the 21st of February,
17U'J. lie graduated at the South Carolina College
in 1817. lie was admitted to practice in the law
court in 1820, and in that of equity in 182S. He
was a member of the Legislature from 1830 to 1833,
and in 1841 was elected sidiidtur of the northern
circuit. lie was twice i-o-elected, and died in lii.s
third term, on the lOtli of July, 18-50. Ilis de-
scendants are among the must honorable in the
State. As a Christian and a Baptist lie adorned
his profession, '' walking in all the statutes and or-
dinances of thi^ Lord hhmndi'ss."

Mclver, Rev. D. R. W., was born in Oliarles-
ton, .S. C, in 1794 ; was educated at the Urn'versity
of South Carolina. Being a man of hirge property
his early laliors were devoted to the poor, preaching
on the plantations to tlie slaves. Jle filled a suc-
cessful pastorate at Prattville and Wetumpka, Ala.
In 1856 he removed to De Soto Parish, La. Here
he labored with great success until 18(i2. lie died
Feb. 10, 1863.

McKay, Rev. Uriah, was born in the State of
Indiana in 1821. ^^t the age of eighteen he was
baptized, lie went to Franklin College to obtain
a lictter education, to prepare for usefulness in the
world without having the ministry in view ; spent
some time preacliing and teaching in Indiana. He
went to Illinois in 1854, and was ordained the next
year.' He .spent fourteen years in ElKngham Co.,
III., jireaching most of the time for Init little com-
pensation. He came to Iowa in 1808, and is now
living on a I'arm at Kim drove, near Des Moines.
He has been employed chielly since coming to Iowa
in preaching to feeble churclies in destitute fields,
doing good service for the cause of Christ liy his
earnest laljors, his coii.sistent and cheerful Chris-
Ran life, and hearty co-operation in all denomina-
tiornil works. He reprcisents a class of men in the

ministry found in Iowa who, while supporting
tliemselves by the labors of their own hands, have
contribntud largely to the growth and prosperity
of the denominatioiL.

McKenzie, Rev. David Banks, was born in

Liverpool, England, June 20, 1830, and came to
.Vmi'rica, arriving at Boston April 15, 1848. In
1853 he becanu! tiie sulijcct of ridigious impressions,
and was immersed by llev. Mr. Pierce, at (Jlouces-
ter, Mass. He had a natural love for the ocean,
followed the sea in early youth, and during the
civil war in the United States entered the navy, and
was three times pronuited foi' meritcuious service.
For many years, though he had professed Cliristi-
anity, he lived in sin, gave himself to the world,
was very intemperate, and apparently a mural
wreck, until, in December, 1871, he was rescued by
sovereign grac(!. and gave himself fully to the Sa-
viour. He began his real religious life as a temper-
ance preaclier, and had immense success in New
England, wiiero thousands were reclaimed. He
enlisted benevolent jiersons in the work, and built
reformatories in many places. In 1877 lie extended
his mission to California, and in A[iril, 1880, after
two years' absence, ri'turned tn that State to labor
permanently in the gospel, as temperance reformer
and p.astor. He possesses unusual gifts for per-
suading men to forsake their evil ways, and in all
jdaces stirs Ihe people to active and earnest work to
save the fallen and rescue the perishing from tem-
poral and eternal ruin.

McKenzie, William S., D.D., was liorn in Liv-

erpciol. Nova Scotia, Feb. 2'J, 1832. He was a grad-
uate of Harvard University in the class of 1855.
He was ordained in April, 1857, and was pastor of
the church in Abington, Mass., one year, and of
the churcli in Andover, Mass., for two years. For
six years he was pastor of the Friendship Street
church in Providence, U. 1., and was pastor in St.
John, New Brunswick, also six years. In 1872
he received an apfjointment as district secretary of
the American Baptist Missionary Union, which
position he now luilds.

McKinlay, Rev. John, was bom in Alexandria,
Dumbartonshire, Scotland, March 0, 1831. He
came to this country in 1855, and was employed as
a designer in the Pacific jNIills, Lawrence, Mass.
While thus occupied he became a subject of con-
vertinggrace, and feeling it to be hisdnty to preach
the gospel, ho pursued his studies at Fairfax, Vt.,
and at Andover, .Mass. He, was ordained pastor of
the church in Lcbanun, N. H., in .Xuvcmbm-, 1802,
wdiere he laboreil with great ai'ce|Jlance unlii his
death, which occurred Sept. 20, |S|)8.

" He was a close and diligent student of the
Scriptures, always liringing well-beaten oil to the
sanctuary. Every sermon boi'c the stamp of his
own genius. He could not be a servile copyist.

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M<^LAFFERTY

772

M<JLEOD

He was always John McKinlay, and Scotch at that.
He had tlie Seotcii acuine_n to detect the truth, the
Scotch tenacity to hold it, the Scotcli wit to garnish
it ill ini))rcssive stylo, and he had withal the Scotch
enorny and accent of s[)('ech to apply it."

McLafFerty, Rev. B. S., educated for the law,
dcdicati'd liiiiiseif to the ministry, and was pas-
tor in Illinois. Under appointment of the Home
Mission Society he went to the I'acilic coa.st in
18(')4-(i5; was |iastor at Virj;inia (Jity, and preached
at Carson, the capital of Nevaila, until ill health
forced him to settle in the better climate of Peta-
luma, Cal. He hail great success here as pastor ;
souj;;ht to establish a liaptist institution at Peta-
luma; traveled for a time, and did much to enlist
the churches in educationand in missionary work.
He is a busy worker and a vigorous preacher.
Continued ill health led him after brief ])astor-
ate.s to take an ocean voyage to, China, where he
visited missionaries and mission stations. After
his return he was pastoral supply of the First Bap-
tist church, San Francisco, for a time pastor at San
Diego, and afterwards at (Oakland for several years,
until near the close of 1878. The Oakland church
had large accessions during his ministry. In 1879
he visited the Atlantic States, and on his return
made the tourof Oregon, preaching to the churches
and assisting in revival meetings. The church at
Engene, the southernmost city in Oregon, and seat
of the State University, called him to its pastorale
in June, 1S7'.>.

McLean, Rev. Thomas George, was bom May
18, 184,i, of Presbyterian parents, at Montreal,
Canada; spent his youth at Chicago and Wauke-
gan. III. He was converted at fifteen, and after six
years' struggle with doubts as to Presbytcrianisui,
finally yielded to his convictions, was immersed by
Dr. Everts, joined the First church of Chicago in
1864, and enlisted in the U. S. army ; decided on his
return home to enlist in the ministry ; graduated
in I8G9 at the Chicago Theological Seminary, and
during Ins studies bad charge of the Erie Street
Mission, and preached at Englewood. He settled
and was ordained pastor at Cordova, III., in 1870.
After three years' service at Cordova, with health
impaired, he removed to California ; was five years
pastor at Brooklyn ; and in 1878 became mission-
ary and pastor in Santa Barbara County, where he
has the oversight of the Carpenteria and Santa
Paula churches ; preaches at four stations, labors
in revivals, and is moderator of Santa Barbara As-
sociation.

McLearn, Rev. Richard, was born in Rawdon,

Nova Scotia; was couvm'tcd and baptized when a
youth ; ordained March 10, 1828, as pastor of the
Rawdon Baptist church ; subsequently served the
church in Windsor, Nova Scotia, as pastor for twelve
years, when bronchial disease coinpelleil him to

withdraw from the pulpit, but his integrity, piety,
and prudence continued to serve the church of
Christ until called hence, Aug. 17, 18t)0.

McLeod, Sir Donald F., Companion of the
Bath, and Knight Commander of the Star of
India, was born in Fort William, Calcutta, May
fi, ISIO; his family were Scotch, and to their coun-
try he was sent for his education. At eighteen he
returned to India, and some, time after he was ap-
pointed an assistant nnigistrate.

NV'hen about twenty-one, while stationed at
Monghir, on the right bank of the Ganges, midwav
between Calcutta and Allahabad, the Redeemer
found and saved him, gave him a new heart and
character, and fresh aims and motives. The in-
strument used in this work was Rev. A. Leslie, a
devoted Baptist missionary. Speaking of this
change just after it occurred. Sir Donald says, "I
have attained a confidence and tranquillity in re-
gard to my worldly duties from which the weak-
ness of my character formerly debarred me, and I
have now been IVeed from despondency and gloom-
iness of spirits, to which for the five previous years
I was continually a martyr." And on another oc-
casion, speaking of prayer, he says, " I resort to it
in the morning, not only as the most delightful lint
as the most necessary act of the day, for without it
I should have no peace, no power, and during the
remainder of the day, whatever of difliculty or an-
noyance presents itself, my mind Hies up to its
Creator and is at rest." After obtaining mercy
through the blood of the Lamb, he solicited bap-
tism. Mr. Leslie warned him of the contempt
which would meet him from the circle in which he
moved, but he was ready to follow Christ in the
baptismal watcirs regardless of all consequences,
and he was duly immersed in the name of the
adorable Trinity, and he continued to the close of
his life in communion with the Baptist denomina-
tion.

Sir Donald immediately after his conversion be-
gan to plan for the secular and religious enlight-
enment of the peo]>le among whom he lived, whose
heathenism deeply moved his heart. He gave large
sums of money to assist educational efforts and
benevolent movements, and his whole soul was en-
listed in the work of the missionaries. Rev. Behari
Lai Sing, for many years a missiiuiary of the Free
Church of Scotland among his countrymen in In-
dia, in relating his conversion from heathenism,
tells about his education in Dr. Duff's celebrati'd
school, where ho read the Bible, and in a medical
institution, without any inclination to Christianity,
and then says, " It was the pious example of Sir
Donald F. McLeod, his integrity, honesty, disinter-
estedness, and active benevolence, that nmde me
think that Christianity was something living, that
there was a lovini: power in Christ. Here is a man

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MC MASTER

773

MOMINNVILLE

in the receipt of 2()0U or 3000 rupees a uiontli ; he
spends little on himself and gives away the Rnrphis
for education and \\>v the teniponil iiiul spiritual
welfare of my conntrymen. 'I'his was the turning-
point in my religions history, and led to my con-
version."

Sir Donald was specially interesteil in missions
to some of the ahorigiinil races of India, to he
found in large numhers in the liilly regions, 'f hese
hcing neither Hindoos nor Mohammedan.s, are held
in contempt by both, and as they have neither lit-
erature nor a priesthood, thoy are far more acces-
sible to the gospel. Among them ho sustained
missionaries at his own expense, and though death
hindered the work, yet many of them have been
brought to Jesus.

In his official career his fidelity and talents grad-
ually secured his pron\otion in the civil service,
until he became lieutenant-governor of the Pun-
jab; and in the alarming times of the mutiny,
when butchery and terror made the liravest British
hearts in India tremble, McLcod, like his Uajitist
brother, Ilaveloek, felt courageous iu the Lord his
Ood, and rendered services to his country which
will never be forgotten by natives or Britons while
the history of English rule in India is road ; for
these he was made a Companion of the Bath and a
Knight Conunander of the Star of India.

lie died in London, Nov. 128, 1872, full of the
peace of Ood.

McMaster, Hon. Senator William, was liom

in 181 1, in tiie county of Tyrone, Ireland, and came
to Canada at the age of twenty-two. After a short
clerkship in a leading Toronto establishment, he
became a partner in the business, and ultimately
started for himself as a wholesale merchant. The
career thus commenced has been eminently success-
ful, and to-day .Mr. McMaster's name is almost a
household word in the l>OMiinion, as one of its
greatest merchants and bankers. For nniny yeiirs
past he has given his attention to purely financial,
far nmre than to commercial, transactions. lie is
officially connected with several groat monetary in-
stitutiims, the nuist important of wliich is the
Canadian Bank of Commerce. lie has held the
presidency of this corjwration during a period of
twenty years, and its splendid success is largely
due to his sagacity and prudence. He was also,
for many years, chairman of the Canadian board
of directors of the Great Western Railway.

In 1862, at the solicitation of friends, Mr. Mc-
Master reluctantly consented to enter political life,
and was elected a member of the upper house of the
Canadian Legislature; by an overwhelming Liberal
majority. Immediately after the confederation of the
British American provinces, in 186."), he was chosen
Senator of the Dominion, and in that capacity he
still continues to serve his country. He was ap-

pointed a member in the same year of the council
of public instruction, and in 1873 of the senate
of Toronto University.

Mr. McMaster was converted in early life, and

HON. SEN.^TOR WILLIAM M'MASTER.

united with the Baptist cliurch in Omagh, about
forty miles from Belfast, in his native land. To
the denomination in Canada he is a tower of much
strength. His generous aid secured the erection
and re-erection of the Canadian Literary Institute
at Woodstock ; and he was chiefly instrumental
in the fornuxfion of the Superannuated INIinisters'
Society, of which, from its inception, he has been
the honored president. Of home and foreign mis-
sions he is a steadfast friend ; and to many a feeble
church, struggling with a building debt, he has
rendered timely help. A leading Toronto paper
remarks that " the Jarvis Street Baptist church (in
which he worships) is one of the costliest and hand-
somest in the city, and will as long as it stands re-
main a memorial of his liberality, and of that of
the equally liberal-minded lady wlio has, since
1871, been his wife.'' But the crowning achieve-
ment of his well-spent life is the erection, at his
own cost, of the Toronto Baptist College, which oc-
cupies a beautiful site iu the Queen's Park.

Mr. McMaster has reached the age of threescore
years and ten, but "his eye is not dim, nor his
natural force abated." He has been twice irnirricd,
his present wife being Sarah Mmilton, widow of
the late James Fraser, Esq., of Newburgh, in the
State of New York.

McMinnville College is centrally located for

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M^I'HUUSON'

774

ME A CHA M

the Baptists of Oiogon, at iMuMinnville. CliartereJ
in 1852, with Rev. G. C. Chaudlcr as president, in
spite of many cliaiiges it lias continueil to gain
strength, and now is unlisting the hearty support ol'
all the churehes. It has already educated some of
the most useful men and women rn the State. It has
a modest huildinir, a college eam^ius of live acres,
$1,0,01)0 in endowment funds, and n(!arly :-;20,0()0
already secured for the eroclion of a brick linilding.
It has four jirofessors, and last year there were lOU
students. Uev. Ci. J. Burehott, the president, is
one of the best educators on the Pacific coast. He
has the confidence of the churches, and under his
administration the college is doing good work for
the denomination.

McPherson, Hon. William, was born in

Boone Co., Ky., Feb. lo, 181o. His father die<l

HON. WILLIAM .M I'lIERSON.

when he was a boy, and left him to care for his
mother and her little childi'en. "While he met this
responsibility nobly, at the same timi; he obtained
a good e<lucation. In conneclion with school-teacii-
ing he studied law, and mastering all difficulties,
he was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-
one, lie first practised law in Burlington, Ky.,
aud from it he removed to Helena, Ark., in 1830,
and was succc!s.sful. From Arkansas he removed
to St. Louis, Mo., and remained there till his death,
in lf7"2. Mr. McPherson was a man of comnumd-
ing presence and strong common sense, lie took
a prominent phnx- among men by general consent.
He was a man of vast informatioii. He had one
of the finest private libraries in the West. He was

noted for his quick penetration and well-considered
plans. He had great magnetic power to sway men,
of which he seemed to be unconscious.

He was a decided Bafitist. On Jan. S, 1843, he
was baptized by Uev. J. 'I', llinton, and united with
the Second Baptist church of St. Louis. He was an
■unconscious leader in Zion. His gifts to bis chni'eh
were large. He inaugurated the liuilding of the
house of worship at the corner of Sixth and Locust
Streets, and gave to it over ^GOOO. He heldollicial
positions in our State and national dcnominaticjnal
societies. ■

The great bridge across the Mississippi at St.
Louis was built by capital which he secured in
New York, which was necessary to its success, and
he was president ol' the company. The first rail-
road to St. Louis was established by his aid. He
was president of the North Missouri Ilailroad, and
was a prominent mover in the establishment of the
Bellefontaine Cemetery. His labors for the growth
of the city of St. Louis were not surpassed, if
equiiled, by any other man. His will to accom-
plish great things, through dilliculties, was im-
perial.

After a long illness, he eanie to church for the
last time borne in a chair. Strong men wept as
ho came in. Pr. G. ^Vnderson, his former jiastor,
preached. Dr. Builingham, pastor at the time,
said, " We fear this is too much for you." He an-
swei'ed, "I was determined to come." Just before
he died, he replied to a (|uestion m reference to his
future hope, "' I think I stand on granite." These
words are inscribed on his tombstone. There the
brave man reposes. '' Peaceful be his rest !"

McWhorter, A. B., M.D., a imtlve of Sumter-
ville, S. C, was born Jan. 2(i, I7'J1 ; departed tliis
life Sept. 19, 1859; resided in ^Montgomery, Ala.,
from 1830 to his death, and constantly secured in
that city the universal regard of the people. It is
conceded that the Baptist cause at the capital of
our State is more indebted to him for the strong
position which it has sustained for forty years
thtin to any other person now living or dead.
This is the testimony of Dr. Tichenor, who was
his pastor for many years. He was conscientiously
particular to meet all his oliligations, and a more
hospitable home was never kept in that cit^'of rare
hospitalit}'. Liberal with bis money, generous to
the poor, kindly affectionate to all men, wise in
counsel, and watchful of the interests of the church
and of the pastor, it is but just to say that he was
a Christian prince among his brethren.

Meacham, Rev. A. W., an able ami eminently
successful minister of Little lliver Associiition, Ky.,
was liorn in Christian Co., Ky., Feb. 13, 1818. He
was baptized into the fellowship of Pleasant Hill
liaptist chui'ch in 1838, where he was licensed to
preach in May, 183'J, and ordained in December

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ME AC HUM

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MEDIiURY

of the same year. A few months after his ordina-
tion he accepted a call to tlie church at I'adueah,
ICy. From I'adncah ho removed to Middle Ten-
nessee, where lie spent some years in evanjj;(;li/,ing.
In 1844 he took charjje of the church at Slicll)y villc,
Tenn. Wiiile laboring with it and with several
other churches he was attacked with liemorrhage
of the lungs, and was so prostrated that he de-
spaired of life, and returned to his native home,
expecting to die. In 1S;J4, having (lartially re-
covered, he was called to the care of West Union
church, ill his native county, to which he still min-
isters, lie has aided in the constitution of 2.5
churches, and has baptized 4000 persons, 20 of
wliom are known to have entered the ministry.
While he was in Tennessee he was two years mod-
erator of Salem .Association and twice moderator
of the General Association. .Since his return to
Kentucky he has been seventeen! years moderator
of Little River Association.

Meachum, Rev. John Berry, was born Jlay 3,
1789; died Feb. I'J, 1SG4. lie was jxistor of the
First African Baptist church of St. Louis. A mar-
ble monument marks his grave in the Baptist burial-
ground in Bellefontaiiie cemetery, erected by the
First and Second African churches of St. Louis.
lie took cliarge of the First Colored church in
1S28 ; was twenty-tive years its jiastor. He was
born a slave; bought his own freedom, then his
father's, a Baptist minister in Virginia. He lived
in Kentucky, and married a slave-woman. He
worked at the carpenter's trade, and |)nrchasud the
fri^edom of his wife and cliildri'ii. lie came to
^lissouri in 1.SI5. He built a steamboat in 183r),
and furnished itwilh a library, ami niadi^ a tem-
perance lioat of it. He was worlli §2:0,000 when
he died. He was ordained in 182.J, gathered a
large churcli and Sabbath-school, and a deep re-
ligious and missionary spirit pervaded his church.
He died in his pulpit, with armor on.

Meador, Rev. Christian C, was born in Bed-
ford Co., Va., receiving an elementary education
in the common schools of the neighborliood. He
was baptized into the fellowship of the New Hope
Baptist churcli, then under the ciu'C of the llev.
James Leftvvich, in 1844. At this time he was
farming, and regarded it as his life-work. Being
actively engaged in the prayer-meetings and Sun-
day-school work of the church, he felt it to be a
duty to prepare himself to enter into the Christian
ministry. He was licensed to preach by the Mount
Hermon church in 1.S49, and in 18.50 went to the
sch(jol at Botetourt S[irings, where he remained for
about fifteen months. He then returned to his home,
and taught school for nearly a year, frequently
preaching in destitute neighborl.ooils. In 18.5.'! he
entered the Columbian College, and graduated in
1807. In 18oG, still a student, he started a Sunday-

school in South Washington, which was quite suc-
cessful, and a church was organized in 1857, of
which he became the pastor, and which he still
serves. Mr. Meador has been greatly blessed in
his labnrs, nearly 500 persons having been added
to the church through his instrumentality. His
pastoral labors are quite onerous, frequently being
called upon by members of other denominations in
the neighborhood to visit their sick and bury their
dead. Twenty-two years of continuous toil among
the same people have given him a strong hold ui.>oii
their aft'ections. Columbian College conferred upon
him in I860 the degree of A.M. in course.

Medbury, Rev. Arnold Rhodes, missionary

secretary of the Wisconsin Baptist State Conven-
tion, is a native of Seekonk, R. I., where he was
born Dec. 10, 1837. His childhood was spent on a
farm in his native town. When seven years old he
suffered an irreparable loss in the death of his
mother, who was a devoted Christian. He ob-
tained a hope in Christ in 1855, and united with
the Third Baptist church in Providence, R. I., of
which Rev. Jas. B. Simmons was pastor, and by
whom he was baptized. Very early in his Chris-
tian experience he had strong impressions that it
was hi-< duty to preach the gospel, and began prep-
aration for the work. But in this purpose he met
with many hindrances, h.aving to depend upon his
own resources to obtain means to secure an educa-
tion. After a two years' struggle, with but little
progress, he determined to join two older brothers
in California, hoping the more speedily to obtain
the means to educate himself. At the end of six;
years of varied experiences of sugcess and defeat,
he found himself deeply in debt, and a|i))urently
farther than ever from realizing his cherished plan
for study. At this time the Baptist church of
Sonora, Cal., to which he had removed his church
membership from Rhode Island, licensed him to
preach the gospel, and invited him to do such pas-
toral work as he could without ordination. This
experience only deepened his conviction of his need
of more thorough preparation for the Christian
ministry, and he gladly availed himself of an oiler
of pursuing a private course of study, under the
diiection of Rev. D. B. Cheoney, D.U., pastor of
the First Baptist church in San Francisco. This
arrangement having been suspended, owing to Hr.
Cheeney's extended visit in the East, he entered
the University of the Pacific, completing about
two-thirds of its prescribed course of study. Leav-
ing the university to engage in mission work in
Petaluma, he found himself again, in the autumiv
of 1865, under the private instruction of Dr.
Cheeney, and performing pastoral work for the
Third Baptist church of San Francisco. He was
ordained by a council convened at the call of the
First Baptist church, San Francisco, in March,

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MEDLEY

lid

MEEK

1807. In tlie autumn of the same yeai' ho entered
the theological seminary at Nowton, Mass., anil
graduated in the class of 1870. Ileceiving the call
(which he accepted) of the First Baptist churcii in
San Francisco, he returned again to California to
enter this now field of labor. In_i.S72, Mr. Med-
bury became the pastor of the First liaptist church
in Portland, Oregon. His pastorate here was in
evei-y way successful, tlie cluirch was greatly
strengthened, and readied a highly influential
position in the city tlirough his ministrations.
From this cliarge Mr. Jledbury was called to tlie
Grand Avenue Baptist church, Milwaukee. After
five years of successful pastoral labor with this
church he accepted a call to the .State Strei't Bap-
tist church, Ilockfu'd, III., and entered upor, his
labors there.

AVhenMr. i\Icdl)ury came to Wisconsin, in 1874, he
was almost immediately made corresponding secre-
tary of th(! Wi-4consin Baptist State (Jorn'ention, and
secretary of the board and its Executive (jOiumittee,
for which position he had unusual ((Ualifications.
During his entire pastorate at Grand Avenue Bap-
tist church he devoted much time to this important
missionary work. It is owing largely to his influ-
ence that the State Convention reached its high
degree of prosperity and accomplished so much
successful missionary work. lie gave such value
and character ti> the annual reports of the Conven-
tion, especially in its statistical tables, conveying
such e.\act information on all Baptist matters in
the State, as to awaken a wide-spread interest not
only in the State but in neighboring .States. While
pastor at Uockford, III., the board of tlie Wisconsin
Baptist State Convention e.xtondod to him an ur-
gent invitation to fake charge of its mission work
in the State as missionary superintendent and secre-
tary, lie has accepted the position, and entered in
September, 1880, upon its duties.

Mr. Medbury is a luan of line native powers, and
thorough attainments in literary and theological
learning. He is a vigorous thinker and an earnest
preacher of the gospid. lie has rpialifications that
lit him pre-eminently for the position he now fills.
He brings to it the boat of executive and organ-
izing powers, and a supreme love for the work, com-
bined witli an unquestioned consecration to Christ
and his cause on earth.

Medley, Rev. Samuel, was born at Chcslmnt,

Kiiglaiiil, June 2.'j, l7.<o. In his soventeentli year
he entered the British navy as a midshipman. He
was full of mirth ami frolic, and as a conscipience
ho was a great favorite with his ungodly associates.
Ho was wounded in an action with the French
when on service in the Mediterranean, and the op-
portunities he had for serious reflection during his
enforced leisure were of lasting benelit to his soul.
Some time afterwards he was led to put his trust in

Jesus, and he united by baptism with the church
of Dr. Andrew Gifl'ord, in London.

His first settlement in the ministry was at Wat-
ford, where he was ordained in July, 17C8. In
April, 1772, he removed to Liverpool, and in it he
labored till his death, in I7'J'J. When Mr. Medley
entered upon his pastoral duties at Liverpool the
church was small, but under his efficient ministry
it prospered greatly, and the house was soon en-
larged. Mr. Modhjy was for some years one of the
most influential luinisters in Liverpool, or in the
north of England. He was greatly beloved by the
whole denomination, and by large numbers outside
the community whose denominational name he
bore and whoso principles he ardently loved. He
enjoyed great faith, and much of the ]jreseiiee of
his Redoenier. His last words were, ''Dying is
sweet work, sweet work, my Father! my heavenly
Father! I am looking up to my dear Jesus, my
God, my portion, my all in all, glory I glory I homo !
homo!" Ho was the authur of two works, and of
some precious hymns, one of which is familiar
wherever the English language is spoken :

"Awake, my soul, in joyful lays,
And sing- tliy great IteiiecDK'i'd praise;
He justly cliiiuis u sung fruDi nie ;
His loving Uiuihiesb, uL, liuw IVeeC

Meech, Rev. Levi, son of Capt. Dtiniel and
Zerviah (Witter) Meech, was born in North Ston-
ington. Conn., Feb. 14, 1795 ; liaptized by Rev.
Roswoll Burrows in 1811, and united with the Bap-
tist church in Preston, Conn. ; served in the war
of 1812; licensed to jireach in 1820; ordained in
1824 ; an cvtmgolist in spirit from the beginning;
served as paster or supply of churches in Preston,
Bozrali, Andover, Salem, Packersville, Voluntown,
Colchester, Lebanon, SuHield, Second and Third
North Stonington, Mystic, Conn., and Exeter, R. I. ;
organized the Union Baptist church of Montville,
Conn. ; greatly blessed in all his work ; a wise and
successful revivalist; earnest and firm in all re-
forms ; benevolent and devoted to missions ; mighty
in the Scriptures; strong thinker and sound reas-
oner; full of sympathy and tenderness; baptized
400 persons; had throe sons and two daughters ;
his oldest son, Levi Witter, a graduate of Brown
University, is a distinguished mathematician and
iictuary ; his youngest son. Rev. William W., has
boon an earnest Bttptist, minister for thirty years.
He died at the homestead in North Stonington,
Conn., June 4, 1873, in his seventy-ninth year.

Meek, Rev. John, M.D., a pioneer preacher in
South Arkanstis, was boiii in South Carolina in
1791 ; was first a Methodist preacher, then became
a Baptist, and began to preach as such in 1837;
removed to Union Co., Ark., in I84U. Hero ho
soon organized a church, the first of the missionary
Baptist faith in his region. While supporting his

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MKLL

111

MEL VIN

fainily hy the practice of medicine, he was inde-
fatigable in his ministerial hibors, and was instru-
mental in planting many churches and organizing
several At^.suciations. lie died in 1.S73.

Mell, Patrick Hughes, D.D., clianoellor of the

State University, and lor nuuiy years a leading and

I'ATKICK illKJUES MEl.I,, U.M.

inHuciitial P)aptist of Georgia, was born in Wal-
thuurviile. Liberty Co., Ga.,July 19, 1814. In his
boyhood he studied in tlie academies in Liberty
County and near Darien, (ja., and tlien lie spent
two years at Aniiierst College, Mass., afterwards
teaching in the aoailemy at Springfield, Mass., and
in the high school at East Hartford, Conn, In
1838, at twenty-four years of ago, he returned to
his native State, and, after teaching school iu lower
and middle Georgia for live or six years, was elected
to the prol'e.ssov.'^hip of Ancient Liuiguages in Mer-
cer University. lie entered upon his dutics'in
Feliruary, 1842, and continued a professor in that
institution for thirteen years, during which time
he became noted for his ability as a pirofessor and
for the firmness and excellence of his discipline.
His connection with INTercer University was dis-
solved in November, IS'i.j, but in August, 18oC, lie
was elected Professor of Ancient Languages in the
State University at Athens. When Dr. Alonzo
(."liurch resigiK'd the presidency of the State Uni-
versity, in l8(iU, Dr. .Mell was elected to the chair
of Meta[ihysics and Ethics, which he still holds,
although he was, in August, 1878, elected chancel-
lor of the university, and ex-nllirio president of the
State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.
50

His position is one of great dignity, and has been
filled by him with distinguished ability and success.

Dr. Mell's religious life began in the summer
of 1832, when he was baptized by Rev. Samuel
Law, at North Newport church. Liberty Co., Ga.
lie began to preach at Oxford, Ga., in 1840, and
was ordained by order of the Pcnfield church at
the request of the Greensborough church, Nov. 19,
1842, at Pcnfield. From that time to the present
he has preached almostwithout intermission, having
charge of various churches, and some of his pas-
torates continuing for remarkably long periods.
He was pastor of the Greensborough church for
ten years; of the Antioch church, in Oglethorpe
County, twenty-eight years ; and of the Bairdstown
church, on' the line between Greene and Oglethorpe
Counties, thirty-three years. Since his election to
the chancellorship of the State University he has
resigned all his pastorates and has devoted liimself
exclusively to the duties of his oliice.

As a preacher, he is logical and argumentative,
delighting in the deep doctrinal subjects of the
Bible, and rendering them simple and clear to the
eompreheiisiou of his hearers. The power and
lienetration of his intellect enable him to grasp a
doctrine forcibly and present it clearly : and his
skill in the art of thinking and reasoning is so great
that he always speaks logically, his conclusions
having the force of demonstrations.

As an author, Dr. Mell has issued several works
which have been accepted as standards, among
which are his works on " Baptism,'" on " Corrective
Church Discipline," and on " Parliamentary Prac-
tice." He has also published small works on
"Predestination," "Calvinism," "God's Provi-
dential Government," the " Philosophy of Prayer,"
and part of a w(jrk, " Church Polity," which prom-
ises to be of great value.

.Vs a presiding oflicer. Dr. Mell has manifested
pre-eminent excellence, which has been recognized
by his repeated re-election to the presidency of the
Southern Baptist Convention and of the Georgia
Baptist Convention.

During the late civil war, in response to a call by
the governor of the State for six months' troops.
Dr. Mell, although professor in the State Univer-
sity, raised a company, of which he was elected
captain, and when the regiment to which he be-
longed was organized, he was elected colonel. As
such he remained in actual service six months at
ditlcrent points within the State.

Pew, if any, have exerted a wider and more
healthful inlluence in the denomination in Georgia
than Dr. Mell.

Melvin, Rev. R. E., a preacher and writer of
note iu .Mississippi, was born iu Pennsylvania in
1811; received a good education, and engaged in
teaching; made a profi.'ssion of Christ in 1852, and

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■MENNO

778

MENNO

was baptized near Brandon, Miss. ; engaged in the
jiractico of law in the city of Jackson until the
close of the war. He then again couinienced
teacliing near Meridian, wliere lie soon began to
preach, although not ordained until 1878. Re-
cently a number of well-written articles in the
Mississippi Baptist Record iiave attracted notice,
and givi'ii him reputation as a writer of ability.

Meniio aad the Menuonites.— Simon Meunu
was born in Witmarsum, near IJolswert, in Fries-
land, in 1505. His education must have been of a
high order, and his talents were such as to have
given boundless success in any worldly calling, or
in the leadership of any community except his Ana-
baptist disciples, lie was jier.suasive and eloquent.
lie was familiar with the springs that open the
hearts of men, and he wielded an astonishing in-
fluence for years over large numljcrs of persons scat-
tered over several countries of Europe, many of
whom would have dieil for him without murmur, and
some of whom were martyred because they enter-
tiiinod him, and they knew the penalty bel'ore they
gave him a hearty welcome to refresii himself in
their homes.

In 1529 he became a priest of the Catholic
church at I'inningeu, in Frieslaud. At this time
he had never read the .Scri|:iturcs lest tliey might
draw him away from his fidelity to Rome. In this
respect he was even more hostile to Ood's Word
tlmu some other priests of his acquaintance. In
celebrating mass the question naturally came into
his mind, Can the bread and the wine Ije the real
body and blood of the Son of God? At tirst he
imagined that this suggestion came from the
Wicked One, and he resorted to the confessional
and other papal methods to chain and silence com-
mon sense, but Menno was too gifted for the suc-
cessful use of such instrumentalities. He had been
accustomed to spend his time with two priests in
" playing, drinking, and other indulgences," but
these sacerdotal exercises failed to satisfy him
about transubstantiation. lie tiimlly concluiled
that he would despise the curses of lord|y jirelates,
and search tlie New Testament to solve his doubts.
in its light the falsehood of the mass vanished like
the shatlcs of night before the rising sun, and its
brazen idolatry excited his indignation. .

On the execution of Seieke Snyder, at Leeu-
warden, for being " rebaptized," he was filled with
astonishment to hear of a second baptism and the
reason for it, that infant baptism had no warrant
from the W(M'dof God. Asherciid the Scriptures he
saw that it had no divine autliiu'ity. Then he says,
'• As 1 remarked tliis I spoke of it to my pastor
(the rector of the church in which he was an assist-
ant), and, after several conversations, lie acknowl-
edged that infant ba|itism had no ground in the
Scriptures. Yet I dared not trust so much to my

understanding. I consulted some ancient authors,
who taught me that children must by baptism bo
washed from their original sin. This I compared
with the Scriptures, and perceived that it set at
naught the blood of Christ. Afterwards I went to
Luther, and would gladly have known from hira
the ground, and ho taught me that we must bap-
tize children on iheir own faith, because they are
holy. This also I saw was not according to God's
Word. In the third place I went to Bucer, who
taught me that we should baptize children in order
to be able the more diligently to take care of them,
and bring them up in the ways of the Lord. But
this too I saw was a groundless representation.
In the fourth place I went to Bullingcr, who
pointed me to the covenant of circumcision, but I
found, as before, that, according to Scripture, the
practice could not stand. As I now on every side
observed that the writers stood on grounds so very
diflerent, and each followed his own rc'ason, I saw-
clearly that we were deceived with infant baptism.''
Jlenno had no temjitation to give up infant bap-
tism, and his prejudices and interests, and even his
bodily safety, were linked to it. But the truth
was not in it, and the truth, which he loved, drove
him into the ranks of the Anabaptists. No de-
nomination at this hour has so many men, like
Dunster, Judson, and Noel, as the Baptist, whose
convictions have constrained them to renounce the
most cherished ties, and make other weighty sacri-
fices.

Menno for a time was rector of tlie village
ciiurch where he had been an assistant, anil
preached the Word of Life to his parishioners with
acceptance; but finally, in 1536, his conscience
would permit him no longer to retain any connec-
tion with Rome, and he withdrew from the ])riest-
hood and communion of the popes. In 1537 he
listened to the appeal of a few godly Anal)aptists
and became their religious leailer, an office which
he l)eld till he fell at the feet of the great Teacher
in Paradise.

Menno was twenty-two years younger than Lu-
ther, whom ho greatly respected, and whose writ-
ings he carefully studied, but his supreme regard
for the Scriptures kept him from ado|iting any
guide except revelation.

AV'hen he accepted his new office he knew the
fierce cruelties and the violent death which it in-
vited, and which it was likely to bring upon him,
but washed in the Saviour's blood himself, he
could not withhold the glorious gospel from the
millions of domucd papal bondmen, who:5e present
darkness and prospective torments enlisted the
deepest sympathies of his soul. lie went every-
where preaching Jesus. As a distinguished writer
says, " For about five-and-twenty years he trav-
eled with ills wife and children amid perpetual

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MENNO

119

MERCER

sufl'urings nml daily perils of his life over many
disti-icts of country, — first in West Fi-icsland, tlio
territory of Groiiingon, and East Friesland, and
then in Oelderhmd, llulhind, Braljant, Wustplialia,
and the German provinces along the shores of tlie
Baltic as far as Livonia, and in this way he gatli-
ered an immense number of followers." Menno
was one of the niaster-spirits and nia>iter-lniilders
of the sixteenth ei^ntiiry, whoso iiiiniediate disci-
ples were multitudes, and whose inlluei\ee has
journeyed far beyond the borders of tin; religious
■comiiuinity hearing his name.

He died in 1501 at Oldesloe, in Ilolstein, where
his ashes rest in peace.

Menno had a new heart given him in 15.'i5. God
"led him from the way of death, and through mere
mercy called him upon the narrow path of life;"
" ho was graciously forgiven of his impure conduct,
anil loose, vain life through the merit of the blood
of Christ," and he went iu a mightier power than
■even Whitefield to proclaim the efficacy of atone-
ment to ))erishing men. The churches he ii>>iti-
tuted wen,' composed of professeil believers alone,
•imd these were the only subjects of his Ijaptism.
He disclaimed the use of force to support, s|iread,
or defenil his religious opinions. Ilis views of the
Lord's Sujiper were Scriptural. lie denounced
wars, self-defense, and oaths, and insisted on per-
sonal piety with great and appropriate zeal. While
in many highly important things iMenno agreed
with us, facts incline us to the conviction that the
mode of baptism with him was indifferent. lie was
almost a Baptist, though a very decided Ana-
baptist.

'flu: Mennonites, or the communities founded by
JMenno, survive the fury of jiersecution, the hatred
■of state churches, and the evils that dwell in the
heart atid tempt in the world. The chief strength
of the .Mennonites in Kurope is in [lolland, where,
in IS-lt), they had about 130 churches, and a semi-
nary for ministeritil education. They had also com-
munities at that time in East Prussia, in Alsace
and Lorraine, in Switzerland, and in the south of
Russia. In the United States the iNIennonites have
about 120 churches and 20,000 members. Tifere
Are three sects of Mennonites in this country, — the
Mennonites, the Ueformed .Mennonite Sm-iety, and
the Oiiiisli Church. The first and last communities
hold the same Confession of Faith, which was
adiipted in Dortreoht, in Holland, in 1(),''.2. The
Ornish Cluu'ch dilfm-s chietly from the regular
Mei)in)nites in their greater simplicity nf dress and
strictni^ss of (liseipline. The Kcformeil Mennonito
Society was instiluled to )iay special attention to
the ridigion of thi; heart, and in this rosjiect to re-
store the spirituality of early times. This denom-
ination has condensed the old creed, but with the
other two its members ju'ofess to believe that the

first lesson of the New Testament is repentance.
They baptize only penitent believers (no children) ;
they practise feet-washing ; they believe that they
should not discharge the duties of a magistrate, or
" elevate others to a uuigisterial oftlce ; they forbid
the use of carnal weapons and oaths," and " they
administer baptism (in the United States) )iy
sprinkling or pouring" (" ('onfessioii id" Faith of
the Mennonites," ji. 4.08, Winchcstei'), tliough the
llynsburgers, or Collogiants, a branch of the Men-
nunites, originating in Holland, according to I'icart,
in 173tj, practised immersion (see Burrage'.s ''Act
of Baptism," p. ISO). Tlie Jlennonites of to-day
area little nearer us than orthodox members of the
Society of Friends, but they are not Baptists.

Mercer, Rev. Asa S., was born in Georgia in
1790; liigan to pri'ach in Mississipjii in 1812; re-
miived to Louisiana in l82i<, ami settleil on the
Oiuichita. He long exercised a wide inlluence, and
held many prominent positions. He died in Texas
in 1S,50.

Mercer, Jesse, D.D., was the most distinguished
and inlluential Jiaptist minister ever reared in the

JESSK MERCER, D.D.

State of Georgia ; and it is doubtful if any one,
utuler the providence of God, ever exerted a more
beneficial infiuence among the Baptists of Georgia,
or as an instrument in the divine hands ever accom-
plished more beneficial results for the denomination
in the State. ''How is iMr. MerciM-'.'" asked Dr.
Staughton of a gentlcumn (Vom Georgia. " He is
well," was the answer. " He exerts a great inllu-
ence in your State," continued Dr. Staughton.

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MERCER

780

MERCER

" His word is law" the other replied. " I iiin sure,"
snid the doctor, in return, " it is ijospel."

Jesse, tlie son of Silas Mereer, was born in Ilali-
fiix Co., N. C, I'ee. 16, 1709. His father removed
to Georgia about 1775, and settled in Wilkes
County, but Hed to North Carolina at tiie outbreak
of the Revolution, and did not relurn until after
the war, when Jesse was about fourteen years old.
From that time until ids death, on the Gtli of Sep-
tember, 1841, Jesse iMercer resided in Georgia.
Ills youthful character was free from stain ; not
even a profane word was ever used by him, nor was
he ever guilty of any deviation from strict truth-
fulness, lie was a sober, staid, discreet youth ;
even-tempered in his conduct, never dejected nor
morose. lie had great command of his passions,
and was never known through life to have a per-
sonal quarrel with any one. lie was a pattern of
filial obedience, submitting cheerfully to every
command of his parents. lie was converted at
fifteen, was baptized in his eighteenth year, and
soon after began to preach. On the 31st of Janu-
ary, 1788, in his nineteenth year, he was married

,i, to Miss Sabrina Chivers ; and before he was twenty
years of age lie was ordained, on the 7th of Novem-
ber, 178'J, by Silas Meruer and Sanders AValkor.
In succession he then took charge of the churches at
Ilutton's Fork, Indian Creek, in Ogletliorpe County,
Sardis, Philliijs' Mill, Powelton, Whatley's .^lill
(now Bethesda), Eatonton, and Washington, his
pastoral services e.xtemling over a period of fifty
years. He by no means confined himself to the
churches of his charge, however, but, traveling far
and near, he preached the gospel everywhere, with
a power never surpassijd in the State, and with a

. pathos and unction productive of the best results.
As a I'fcachev. — liong will he be held in honor-
able estimation as a truly able, pious, instructive
and powerful minister of the gospel. Said Dr.
Basil Manly, Sr., of him, " In his happy moments
of preaching he would arouse and enchain the at-
tention of retlecting men beyond any minister I
have over heard. At such times his views wore
vast, profound, original, striking, and aljsorbing iji
the highest degree ; while his language, though
simple, was so terse and pithy, so jiruned, consoli-
dated, and suited to become the vchi(de of the dense
mass of his thoughts, that it required no ordinary
ell'ort of a well-trained mind to take in all he said."
His voice was neither very strong nor distinguished
for its compass and melody ; his gesticulations
were rather clumsy, and the fastidious could find
fault with his manner ; but, notwithstanding, all,
his appearance in the pulpit was far from being
uninteresting.

The fair and comely baldness of his head, his
venerable mien, his portly frame, his countenance
clothed with meekness, bem^volenee, intelligence.

and devotion, rendered him an object of peculiar
interest and respect wherever he stood forth

" Tu negoliato botweon Gud untl riiiiu,
Ah GuiTti ainbiiHdiulor-, tliu yratid Ltnictrns
Of jiulgiucMit and of iiielL-y,"

Whilst he seemed nntramnieled by the laws of
criticism, ho violated not the principles of true taste.
His sermons were for tlie most part doctrinal, yet
always tending to practical residts. Ilis language
had a noble bearing, which nnide it a suitable
vehicle for his noble thoughts. The accurate prin-
ciples of sound logic ran through his addresses,
though its forms wore not at all times visible. Un-
godly men of cultivated mindslistened to hissermons
as to air intellectual treat. Religious men enjoj'ed
them as aflbrding a spiritual feast. To the graces of
oratory Mr. Mercer made no pretensions, but there
was an unction from the Holy One, that breathed
from his spirit and beamed from his sweet and
heavenly eye, which enchained and animated the
hearer, and thus more than supplied llie absence
of oratorical grace. His words did not often flow
down upon the people in a rushing torrent, but
rather fell like a refreshing shower. No useless
verbiage encumbered his topics. Some preachers
are occasionally great because, like a snuxU stream,
with a shallow and narrow channel, swollen by a
sudden shower, they sometimes dash and roar; but
Mr. Mercer's preaching was like a stream whose
channel is wide and deep: it embraced a large
scope of religious instruction, exhibited a great
variety and richness, and flowed onwards with a
mighty and increasing volume.

The Cross of Christ was the fixed, luminous
centre of liis preaching. He delighted in contem-
plating the gospel as a scheme wliicli honored God
and abased the creature. Upon the nmjesty of the
law; the exceeding sinfulness of sin; the amazing
obligations of the sinner, and his total inability to
rescue himself from his ruined and guilty state;
and upon the infinite virtue of the atonement, ami
the uncontrolled sovereignty of (iod, and the glori-
ous elliciency of divine grace, he was truly great.
Never was a minister more immovably rooted in
the respect, confidence, and allection of his people
than was Mr. Mercer, while to all classes <jf the
community lie was an oliject of admiration, rever-
(mce, and love.

Abo\it 1818 he removed from Greene County to
Powelton, whore he resided until the end of 1826
or beginning of 1S27, when he removed to Wash-
ington, which reuuiined his liome until death. Of
the church at the former place he was paator for
twenty-eight years, and of the eliureh at the latter
he was pastor about seventeen years ; but after
removing to Washington he resigncMl the charge
of most of his other cliurchi'S.

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MFjUCKU

Christian Index, published by Di\ Win. T. Brantly,
Sr., at IMiiladelpliia, was purchased by Mr. Mercer
and removed to Wasliington, Oa. Vov several years
lio was tlio t:ditor of the Index, assisted by Ilev.
Will. JI. .Stoki's, and was the means thus of greatly
benefiting the denomination in the State by his
wise counsel and skillful expositions, of discipline
and doctrine. But cilitorial duties were not con-
genial to him, and the paper became a pecuniary
disadvantage. In 1840 he tendered the Index, and
all its appendages, to the Georgia Baptist Conven-
ti(jn. The gift was acciepted, and it was published
by the Convention, through a committee, until
1(S()2, when it was .sold to lluv. iS. Boykin, who for
several years had been employed as editor. To iMr.
Mercer the denomination in the State is indebted
fur nuicli of its harmony and |)rosperity, through
the influence e.xerted for many years by that paper.

Kffovts in Beluilf of Ethtcation. — The cause of
education has liad no more indefatigable, success-
ful, and liberal advocate in tlie State of Georgia
than Jesse Mercer. He took an active part in the
establishment of Mount Euon Academy, in Rich-
mond County, in ISO". He was one of the most
munificent supporters of Mercer University from
its very inception, and the institution was aecord-
ingl}' named after him. His donations, including
legacies to the university, did not amount to less
tlian §40,0(10.

His I'lD'uiis in ilie Missinnavij Cause. — -No object
was dearer to Jesse jNIercer than the cause of inis-
.sions. Through his inllucnce the Powelton Bap-
tist Society for Foreign Jlissions was established.
Mayo, 181 J; and in the year following he pro-
•ciired the appointment of tiic JUssion Board of
the Georgia Association to be a component mem-
ber of the General Jlissionary Convention of
tiie Baptist denomination, which board existed for
many years, and prosecuted its business with mucli
success. He was uniformly ap[ioiiited a member
of the board, was generally its president, and al-
ways one of its most liberal and efiicient support-
ers. In 1820 and in 18'J() he represented tliis board
in the General Convention. Not until merged into
the operations of the State Convention was this
board dispensed with.

Vor some years Mr. Mercer was an active mcm-
licr, and for a while corresponding secretary of the
Board of Trustees of the Co-operating Baptist As-
sociations for Instructing and Evangcli/ing the
Creek Indians, organized under the direction of
managers ajipointed by theOcmnlgee, Georgia, and
Ebeniizi.'r Associations. I5y his |ien, in the pul[ilt,
and with his purse .Mr. Mercer strenuously advo-
cated the mission c:uise throughout his whole
■career, and was one of those who organized, and
for the ten years of its cxistenee was the master-
spirit of, the General Committco of the Georgia

Baptists, which resulted in the establishment of
the Georgia Baptist Convention, the grand mis-
sionary body of the Georgia Baptists. For eighteen
years in suetession lie was elected president of the
Georgia Baptist Convention, and for more than
twenty years ho was successively elected presiding
officer of the Georgia Association.

In the discussion of all weighty and difficult sub-
jects in the religious bodies wliicli he attended he
usually took a prominent part, and his views gen-
erally decided the question under discussion. On
one occasion some important subject was discussed
for a considerable time, when a worthy brother
rose and said, " Well, [ now move that Brother
Mercer give us his views, and that the (piestion
then be put, without any further debate," inti-
mating that it would be impro[ier for tlie question
to be taken until the Gamaliel of the meeting had
expressed his opinion, and that after he should
speak little more of iuiportance could well be
said.

• His Lihir(dilij. — He gave hundreds and thou-
sands' and tens of thousands. To home and foreign
missions, to the Bible, tract, Sunday-school, and
publication societies, to Columbian College, and to
Mercer University lie dedieateil many thousands
of dollars. His bequests to Mercer University
amounted to more than $10,000, and to various
other benevolent objects not less than f20,00ll or
$25,000.

His Character. — With all his greatness and
reputation he was lowly and humble. His mod-
esty was conspicuous; yet, though eminently meek
and gentle in spirit, he was a man of uncommon
firmness and of great moral courage. In matters
of principle and conscience he was immovable as a
rock. His heart was remarkably tender and sym-
pathetic, and he was kind, courteous, and hospita-
ble. He treated his servants with the greatest
humanity and with the most judicious considera-
tion. The mental elevation, the distinguished
piety, and the ministerial excellence which were
combined in Mr. Mercer partially account for the
exti^nsive and wonderful inllucnce he exerted over
the minds of men, for no other man has wielded the
same power over the Baptists of Georgia, nor is
any other Baptist who has ever lived in the State
to be compared to liini in the beneficial results
accomplished by his long ministry. In the de-
nomination in Georgia he stands as (i bright and
shining light, and while it exists in that State his
exalted merit and faithful services will cause, him
to be held in affectionate and sacred renieinbranco.

Mercer, Rev. Thomas, an able and zealous

Baptist minister, who r(!moved from Georgia in
l.SIS and settled in Southwestern IMississippi ; was
an early laborer in spreading Baptist sentiments.
To facilitnte the cultivation of the song-service of

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MERCER

782

MERCER

tlie ehui-clie* he compiled a collection of excellent
hymns. lie iiitled in tlio formation of the Missis-
sippi Associntion in I80G. In 1817, Thomas Mer-
cer and Benjamin Davis were rer|iiested by the As-
sociation to visit the Creek Indians and inquire
wliat could be done towards tlie establishment of
schools and the introduction of the j^ospel among
them, and the funds of the Association were applied
for their use, and tlioy were required to account to
the IMississippi Society for ]5aptist Missions, For-
ei<:n and Dijincstic. Upon this journey JMercer
died, and was buried among strangers.

Mercer University. — One of the objects of the
Ge(u-gia Bapti.st Convention, when organized, as set
forth in its constitution, was " to afford an oppor-
tunity to those who may conscientiously think it
their duty to form a fund for the education of pious
young men, who may be called by the spirit and
tiieir churches to the Christian ministry." From
]82(i to 1832 several beneficiaries were adopted by
the Convention, and no less than eight received aid
from the Convention in the last-named year. In
1828, Josiah Peniield, a devout deacon of the
Savannah Baptist church, offered to give $2500
towards a fund for the education of young minis-
ters, priivided the Convention would contribute an
ctpial amimnt. IMore than $2500 was subscribed
by the delegates at the Convention, in Milledge-
ville, in March, ls29. From this I'enfield legacy,
and from annual additions, grew the permanent
fund for the education of young ministers, which
amounted at one time to §33,400, but which now,
owing to losses during the civil war, amounts to
about $24,000. Having an educational fund, tlio
Convention resolved, in 1831, to establish a classi-
cal and theological school, to be connected with
manual labor. This resolution was offered by
Dr. Adiel Sherwood. Lauds and money were sub-
scribed, a site was chosen, and on the second Mon-
day in .January, 1833, fiercer Institute was opened,
so named in lionor of Jesse Mercer, who has been
called " the most inlluential minister of his day,
and, perhaps, the most distinguished minister of
the denomination ever reared up in the State."
(Campbell's "Georgia Baptists.")

AVhen it grew into a village the site was named
Penfield, in memory of Deacon Peniield. l!ev.
Billington M. Sanders presideil over the institute,
and brooght to the work indefatigable industry.
Under his care the institute attracted students from
all parts of the State, and contributed greatly to
populari/.e education in the minds of the people.
It was not intended to impart a collegiate eiluca-
tion, and its elevation to the dignity of a college
was an after-thought, started by the failure to es-
talilish the Southern Baptist College at Washing-
tun, Wilkes County, for which an endowment fund
of SluO.OliO had been subscribed. Of this' sum

$20,000 had been contributed by the Central Asso-
ciation, a body of intelligent and liberal Ijrethren,
to endow the Central Professorship of Languages
and Sacred Literature. That body suggested that
Mereer Institute be elevated into a college, and
this solved a problem which was puzzling the de-
nomination. The Executi v'c Comniittee cd" the Con-
vention took the matter in hand, ehangi^d the name
of Mercer Institute into Mercer University, pro-
cured the transfer of most of the subscriptions
which had been made to the Southern Baptist
College, and, in December, 1837, obtained a char-
ter fur the new university. At its next session, in
May, 1S3S, the (ieorgia Baptist Convention ratified
this charter and elected the first board of trustees.
The first meeting of this board was held at Pen-
field, in July, 1838, when they assumed the man-
agement of the instituti(jn : and this date may be
regarded as the ofiicial beginning of Mercer Uni-
versit)', though the college classes were not organ-
ized until January, 1839.

The board of trustees was composed of the fol-
lowing brethren: Jesse Mercer, C. D. Mallary, V.
It. Thornton, Jonathan Davis, John E. Dawson,
Malcom Johnson, W. D. Cowdry, J. II. T. Kil-
l)atrick, J. II. (;am|iljell, S. G. Ilillyer, Absalom
Janes, W.Q. Dickinson, AV'illiam Uichards, Thomas
Stocks, T. G. Janes, J. M. Poi-ter, Lemuel Greene,
James Davant, F. AV. Cheney, E. II. Macon, AV'il-
liam Lumpkin, J. G. Polhill, Lott Warren, Mark
A. Cooper, John B. AValker, I. T. Irwin, AV. II.
Pope, men who were representatives of the denom-
ination in piety, wealth, intelligence, anil in social
and p(ditical influence. They gave shape to the
institution, and to their wise counsels much of its
success is due. Thomas Stocks, a layman, who
had labored in building up the institute, was the
first jiresident of the board of trustees, and was
continuously re-elected for about twenty-five years,
until failing health unfitted him for the duties of
the oflice. The university entered upon its career
with a liberal endowment for the times. Four
agents — Posey, Connor, Davis, and Mallary — were
employed in getting the subscriptions to theAVash-
ington pjroject transferred, and in obtaining new
jiledges. In this work Bev. C. D. Mallary was en-
gaged during tlie years 1837. 1838, and 1839. Rev.
Jesse Mercer was by far the largest contributor, as
he gave during his life and by will about S40,000.
Among those who donated from $1000 to $5000
were CuUen Battle, 1\. Q. Dickinson, AV. II. Pope,
James Boykin, T. G. Janes, Absalom Janes, AV.
Peek, Solomon Graves, and John B. AValker.
AV'ithin the last twenty years several legacies have
been left to the university.

In December, 1844, the nninual labor system was
indefinitely suspended by tlie trustees, with the
concurrence of the contributors to the university.

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MERCER

783

MERGER

Till) first (liploiiias were conferred in 1841, and since
tlion there has been a regular succession of gradu-
utiiig classes, with the exception of seven years.
An eflicicnt faculty was gradually enrolled. One,
Prof. S. P. Sanford, entered the institute as a teacher
in 1838, and has served continuously down to the

Biblical literature, and it was extended over three
years. Two professors usually gave most of their
time to instructii)n in this department of the col-
lege. The exigencies of the civil war, in 1862,
caused a suspension of the theological department,
which has never been revived, owing to a general

! ..J •,

.MERlEU U.NIVEKSITV.

pi-esent time. Another, Prof. J. E. AVillet, an
akuiinus of 1846, was elected professor in 1847, and
has served continuously since that time. In both
Mercer Institute and the university a theological
education was a primary thought, and was specifi-
cally provided for in donations and legacies. Very
a|iproprialely, therefore, llcv. I'r. Adiel Sherwood
was, in IbidO, elected the first theological professor,
a position which lie occupied three years only, as he
then accepted the px-esidency of SliurtlelF College,
111. In 1845 the theological department was fully
organized, embracing ("!reck, Hebrew, systi'iiiatic
and p;istoral theology, ecclesiastical history, and

desire to build up the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary.

The curriculum of the classical department in
Mercer University embraces the studies usually
taught in colleges of respectable grade. The reg-
ular course requires four years, and leads to the
degree of A.B. A seieutilic course, including the
regular course except itiicient languages, is com-
pleted in three years, and leads to the degree of
B.S., — Bachelor of Science. Seven liave graduated
in the scientific course and 440 in the regular
course, of whom 77 became ministers of (he gospel.
i\dd to these the 12 thcologioal graduates and the

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MERCER

784

MERCER

75 who liiive taken a partial course in the institute
and university, and \vu have a total of 104 Bajitist
ministers wlio liavu received tlieir education in tliis
"classical and theological scliool" instituted l>y the
Baptist lathers nearly half a century ago.

The law scliool was organized in ^873. Its course
exti.'iids thrcjugh one year, and thus far li4 grailuates
have received tiie degree of 15. L.

'I'lie disasters to the college caused by the civil
war led to its dissolution in May, 1865, and the
faculty reluctantly closed its doors. The two senior
nieniliers of tlie faculty, however, opened a school
in the college buildings, and carried on the mixed
studies of preparatory and college classes until the
close of the year, when the trustccis began again
the rehabilitation of the university.

Tiieie had always been diOerenees of opinion as
to the location of the college, and in 1850 a feeble
effort was made to remove it to Griffin. About
1853 the Baptists of Northwestern Georgia estab-
lished the Cherokee Baptist College at Cassville,
and soon after those of Western Georgia instituted
another at Grillin, — Marshall College. Both failed
to secure endowments and passed away. Not long
after the war the <(Uestioii of removal was ro-o)iened ;
several cities oll'ered valuable pecuniary induce-
ments; and in April, 1870, the Conveutiou, by a
vote of 71 to 10, resolved to remove the university
fiom Penlield; and at a subse([uent conference of
H committee of the Convention and the Board of
Trustees, it was decided to locate it at -Macon,
which city gave the university $125,000 of her
bonds and seven acres of land on Tatnall Square.
A modilication of the charter was secured, and the
university was removed to Macon in 1S71. A large
four-story brick building, containing over thirty
rooms I'or recitation purposes and for the library
and philosophical ap|iaratus, was erected by the
trustees. Another brick building was also reared
as a dormitory and diningduiU for the students.
A chapel, and a building to contain the museum
and to furnish lecture-rooms, were in contemplation
also, but the financial panic of 1873 caused a sus-
pension of further building operations.

For nnjre than a f[uarter of a century the en-
dowment and fumls of the university were managi'd
byThonnisJ. Burney, treasurer of the Convention,
than whom auiore faithful and efficient officer never
lived. To his discretion the trustees confided the
finances of the institution entirely, and that so
large a proportion of its funds was savinl during
the war is duo to his wisdom and foresight.

The prcsiiliuits have been as follows: Rev. B. M.
Sanders, I.S39; Kev. Otis Smith, 1840-1.1; Uev.
John h. Dagg, D.D., 1844^54; Bev. Nathaniel M.
(h-awford, D.D., 1855-56 and 1858-05; Uev. Henry
llolcombe 'fucker, D.T>., 1866-71 ; and Uev. Arclii-
bahl .1. Batth^, D.l)., 1872 to date, 1880.

Administratiun. — Rev. Billington M. Sanders,
who had been the central figure in the institute,
consented to remain one year as president of the
university. It was fitting that he should launch
upon its new career of usefulness the bark wdiich
ho had guided so successfully fir six years. Rev.
Otis Smith succeeded him, and remained three
years. He gave di|ilumas to the first two gradu-
ating clas.scs.

Rev. Dr. Dagg succeeded, in 1844, to a presi-
dency often years. ^V'ith superior mental endow-
ments, solid scholarship, venerable presence, afl'able
manners, aptness in teaching, and steadiness in
discipline, ho comnninded the love and reverence of
the whole institution. 'I'o the new college he gave
dignity and character; and he made its friends feel
that it deserved to take rank among the colleges of
the State.

Rev. Dr. Crawford inherited nuich of the mas-
sive intellect of his father, Hon. AVni. If. Crawford.
His mind mastered, with equal case, almost every
department of thought. Jlodest, sincere, sagacious,
companionable, independent, and with great clear-
ness and coolness of judgment, he won the respect
of his students; and was a beloved and wise coun-
selor in tho assemblies of his brethren. Uev. Dr.
Tucker was a president of remarkable originality,
acuteness, and readiness. Clear, lirilliant, mag-
netic, he "enthused" his classes as few have the
power to do. '' You are gentlemen, and the sons
of gentlemen," was the key-note of his discipline,
which banished from the college all silly tricks and
prank.s, and encouraged true uuinliness of character
among the students. The fresh vitality of his ad-
ministration is still felt in the institution. .

Rev. Dr. Battle, though a native of Georgia,
came from another State, Alaljama. His father,
Dr. CuUen Battle, had been a prominent Baptist
in Georgia until his removal to Alabaiini, and had
been a liberal donor to the university, and his
son received a warm welcome on returning to his
native State; and he found friends in all. A
Christian gentleman of the highest tone and culti-
vation, with line social jiowers, he has strongly at-
tached to the college the community wbieh con-
tributed 80 liberally to its endoivmcnt.

The university, thus founded in the prayers,
sacrifices, and best purposes of the denomination,
the centre of its intellectual culture, has ever been
the rallying-poinfc of the Georgia Baptists. Sprung
from a desire feu- an educated ministry, it has ex-
panded into a fountain id" knowhulge for Bajitists
of every calling. Miilistiug their minds and hearts
in its great work, the Georgia Baptists have brought
to it their offerings of time, money, and wisdom,
and when necessary have sacrilieed their pri'fer-
ences for locations and nuMsures. Such a fusion
of mind and heart has unilied ami conscdidated the

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,1 , .1 . ) '

MEREDITH

785

MERRILL

denomination, and girded it for the great religious
work whieli it liiis wrought in the State.

Meredith, Rev. James J., an able minister of
Ouachita IJaptiMt A.ssoeiation, La., was born Oct.
27, ISIO, and died in Caldwell Parish, La., June
27, 1X7(1.

Meredith, Rev. Thomas, was Ueyond question
the ablest man who inxs yet appeared among the
Baptists of North Carolina, and as the founder, and
for nineteen years the editor, of the Biblical Re-
corder, probably did more to devehip the denomina-
tion than any man who has ever lived in the State.
Mr. Meredith was born in Pennsylvania in 17'J7;
came to North Carolina as pastor of the Newliern
churoh in 1820; removed to Georgia in 1822;
settled as pastor in Kdenton, N. C, in 182.5; ori-
ginated the Unpti.it Literpreler in 1832, wliich was
changed to the lUlilical Recorder in 1834; removed
to Newbern in 1835, and was pastor as well as
editor till 1838, when lie removed to Raleigh, and
taught a female school in connection with edi-
torial labors. jNIr. Meredith was the author of the
constitution of the North Carolina Bajitist State
Convention, and of the masterly address of that
body when organized in 1830. lie was elected a
Professor of Mathenuitics in Wake Forest College
in 1835, but did not accept the position, lie died
in Kal|(igli in 1851. As an editor, he was the
equal of any man in the United States in liis day.

Meridian Female College, located at iSleridian,

Miss., was founded by -J. H. llamberlin since the
war. From one to two hundred young ladies are
annually taught in this institution. Rev. C. M.
Cordon, A.M., is the principal, with whom is asso-
ciated Rev. M. T. Martin as agent.

Merriam, Rev. Asaph, was bom in Gardiner,
Slass., in Maruli, 17'J2; hopefully converted at the
age of twenty-live, he united with a Congregational
church. Subsequently he became a Baptist, and
in 1825 was ordained at Royalston, Mass., and re-
mained here five years. IIi; was afterwards settled
over churches in New Ipswich, Canton, Athol, and
Bolton, lie also supplied one or two churches for
a time. His entire ministry extended over a period
of about fort}' years, lie died at Bolton, Sept. I'J,
181)8. He was a useful minister of Christ.

Merrifield, Rev. A. S., was born in Nowfano,
Yt., April 1, 18,'i7. Ho belongs to a family of
eleven children, all of whom are active members
of Baptist churches. Two are in the ministry,
three are deacons, and three are ministers' or dea-
cons' wives. He was converted to Christ while a
student at Lidand Seminai-y, 'rownshend, Vt., at
the age of seventeen. At this academy ho pre-
pared for college, anil entered .Madison University
in 181)0. He graduateil fi'om eidlege in I8(il, ami
from the theological seminary in 18(i(). Ho accepted
a call from the Bai)tist church at Sherman, Cliau- i

tauqua Co., N. Y., where lie was ordained to the
ministry Oct. 17, 1800. His pastorate with this
church lasted for three years and a half. After
this he was p.astor at Morris and Sablette, III.

Feeling that he might accomplish more good in
a new and rising field, he accepted an invitation
from a few Baptists in the city of Newton, Kan-
sas, to aid them in starting and building up a Bap-
tist church. With no church organized, no house
of worship, and no S]iecified salary, he began labor
in this new field in November, 1877. Having no
])lace to hold meetings, these l)rethren commenced
to build a house for that purpose. In .January it
was comiileted, and deilicated to the worship of
Ijod, free of debt. At that time the church was or-
gaiiized. The preaching of the Word was attended
by the power of the Spirit, and many souls were
saved. Special meetings were held l)Oth in the
town and in the country. 'I'hirty persons were
baptized, and a goodly number were received by
letter and experience. These were the first bap-
tisms that ever took place in the town of Newton.
The Baptist church of Newton is a little more than
two and a half years old. He has baptized into
this church 50 converts, and there have been addeil
in all 104 members.

-Mr. MerritieUl while in Kansas has, under God,
made his own field, and is one of the most .judi-
cious, devoted, snceessfnl, and able workers in
the State.

Merrill, Rev. Daniel, was born March 18, 1705,

in Rowley, Mass. Ho was converted in liis thir-
teenth year; he unlisted in January, 1781, when
only fifteen years of age, and fought to the close
of the Revolutionary war. He graduated at l»art-
luoutli in 178y with high honor. lie began to
preach in 1791, and his first sermon commenced a
revival of religion which in a short time brought
nearly 100 souls to Josus. He preached wiih .sim-
ilar success in several places, staying but a short
time in each. In 1793 he I'ormed a church in .Sedg-
wick, Me., of 20 members, on the Congregational
platform, and in 1805 it was the largest church of
■any denomination in the State. Mr. Merrill at
this period of great jirospority was filled with doubts
about the divine origin of infant baptism, and
months after, when he declared himself a Baptist,
it produced a great commotion. A Baptist church
was then organized of 85 members, and Mr. Mer-
rill was ordained as its pastor. He continued in
this field till 1814, when he took charge of a church
in Nottingham, N. II., in wiiich he remained seven
years. He returned to Sedgwick ami again enjoyed
extensive revivals, until his death, in .Juno, 1833.

Merrill, Rev. Eliphalet, was born in Stratham,
N. II., April 7, 1705. His name is intimately as-
sociated with that of I'r. Saiiund Shepard, who was
the pastor of the ehiireh in Iircntwoo<l, N. II.

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MERRILL

786

METCALF

This cliurcli has sevenil branches, oue of tliem
being in Northwood. Ovei' this branuh Rlr. Mor-
rill was ordained uollea!j;iie pastor with Dr. Shepard
in 1S04, and fur thirty years he was the minister
of this bianrh cluireli. lie was especially useful in
revivals, and made many missionary tours, preach-
ing tiie gospel and gathering a llirge number of
converts into the churches of New Hampshire. He
died in Northwood, Feb. 7, lSo3.

Merrill, Eev. Thomas W.— A graduate in the
first class that took its full course in Waterville
College, and of one of tiie earliest classes at New-
ton ; commenced missionary work in Michigan in
May, 1829. He was the son of Rev. Daniel Mor-
rill, of iMaine, who, when a Congregational pastor,
was con\erted to Baptist sentiments, and baptized
by Dr. Ualdwin, and who was followed by alarge|)art
of his church. It was the mission of the son to
lead in the commencement and establishment of the
eilucatiunal work (jf thedenomination in Michigan.
After teaching in Ann Arbor and Schoolcraft, he
enlisted the co-operation of others and gained the
charter of what is now Kalamazoo College in 1833.
From that time until his death, in 1878, he devoted
his life largely to the cause of education, perform-
ing gratuitous agency service, and consecrating the
accumulations of iiis life to the endowment of the
institution. This is his monument.

Merritt, Rev. W. H., was bom in Chatham
Co., N. C, in Fehriniry, 1779; professed I'aith in
Christ in ISO], and Ijegan to preach in 1824. lie
died July 3, 1850, and loft SIOUO for the erection
of a liaptist church at Chapel lliU, and ;S2UU(J to
Wake Forest College to be appro[jriated to the
education of young ministers.

Merry, Rev. N. G,, was born in Christian Co.,
Ky., July lU, 1824; removed from Kentucky to
Tennessee in 182G, where he lived until 183(j,
when he returned tu Kentucky, and remained
there until 184U. On the 15th day of May of that
year his mistress died, and he was brought again
to Tennessee, where he has lived ever since. He
removed to Nashville, and resides there at this
time. He was converted, and Nov. 1, 1845, he was
baptized in the Cuuiberlaml River by Dr. R. B. C.
Howell. From his oonversioTi bo was impressed
that he must preach the gospel. He commenced,
although witli great fear and trembling, to e.xhort.
He tried to shrink from duty, but the more ho
tried the more forcible became the conviction that
of necessitjf he must preach. In March, 1853, he
received a license to till the pulpit of the colored
branch of the First Baptist church. A request was
made for his ordination, and a council was called
on the 29th of Novendjer, 1853, which set him
apart to the Christian' ministry. Rev. S. Raker,
D.D., delivered the ordiimtion sermoji. Sinei! then
he has ijrcached to tin; First Colored l!a|)tist

ehurch successfully, lie liegan with 100 mem-
bers ; the church now numbers 2300. During
this time he has organized 13 churches. He has
bad (iccasion to build four times lor his congrega-
tion. The present church cost §20,000, and will
seat about 1300 persons. The labors of Brother
Merry have been wonderfully blessed of the Lord.
His inllnenee for good is wide-spread.

Messer, Asa, D.D., LL.D., the third president
of Brown University, was Ijorn in Methnen, Mass.,
in 1769. He graduated from Brown University in
1790. He was a tutor in the college for 8i.\ years.
In 1801 he was publicly ordained as a minister of
the gospel. Upon the resignation of President
Maxcy he was elected to fill his place. He re-
signed his oflice in 1826, after having been con-
nected with the university as student and officer
nearly forty years. His death occurred at Provi-
dence, Oct. 11, 1836.

The estimate in which President Mess(!r was
held as a man of scholarly attainments may be in-
ferred from the fact that his own university con-
ferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of
Divinity in J806, and. Harvard University in 1820.
In 1812 the University of Vermont conferred upon
him the degree of Doctor of Laws.

His published writings are discourses delivered
on ditt'erent occasions when he was called upon to
officiate, on account of his position and his repu-
tation.

Prof. Park and Hon. W. L. Marey have left on
record testimony to the ability and the peculiar-
ities in the character of President Messer, which
no one can read without reaching the conclusion
that he was a man of mark in the community in
which he lived.

Metcalf, Rev. Whitman, was born in Royal-
ston, Mass., Nov. 16, 1797. At an early age he
was the subject of serious convictions, and devoted
himself to the Lord. It was the desire of his heart
that the Lord would honor him by calling him to
the work of the ministry. But it was not until
June, 1821, that he preached his first sermon by
appointment of the Royalston church. The result
was a license to preach, which be did as oppor-
tunity ollered, pursuing his studies atAinhorst and
Waterville meanwliile. In September, 1825, he
was ordained, and sent out by the Baptist Mission-
ary Society of Massachusetts to preach as their mis-
sionary in Western New York. He was soon r(^c-
ognized as a leader of tiie new interests in the
western counties of Now York, and his services
were sought far and near in establishing and fos-
tering churches. He spent six years in Sardinia,
Erie Co., building up not only the church there
but oth(!r nourishing chundies in neighboring
towns.

The next five years he gave to the church in

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MICHIGAN

787

MICHIGAN

Albiun, when he returned to Sardinia for three
years, lie was then ajJiiointcd by the New York
State Convention as their financial secretary, in
which service he remained for tiiree years. From
1844 to 1848 he served the cliurch in Brockport,
wlien he was asrain called from tlie pastorate by
the New York Baptist Education Society to assist
for one year in raising funds for her lieneficiaries.
At the close of this year's service he was employed
for one year by the American Baptist Publication
Society for New Eni^land, when he was called to the
church in Springville, wliich he served from 1850
to 1S54, and then removed to Nunda, where he
preached with his wonted power and success until
18(J3, when the infirmities of age compelled him to re-
tire from pastoral work, lie resided here, however,
until his death, which occurred Nov. 7, 1877. He
lived an eventful life, as a missionary, a pastor,
and a builder of churches, lie came to the close
of his earthly career in full ago, seeing many com-
munities bearing the precious fruits of his prayers
, and toils, and loved and lamented by a host of
friends.

Michigan, The Baptists of. — The earliest
trace of Baptists in tlie Territory of Michigan is
found in Oakland County, in 1818, where the city
of Poutiac now stands. Orison Allen and his wife
are the first names that appear. In their hands
ourdiMiominational Hag seems to have been brought
into the Territory, and over their rude cabin that
symbol of our faith and love was first displayed.
Others of the same faith accompanied this honored
pair, and united with them in elibrts to serve the
same blessed Master.

After four years, during which these brethren
and sisters on *bis wild shore must have often, like
the man ol' MaceuvUia, turned wistful luoks and
pleading calls to the ministers and churches across
the lakes for some one to come over and help them,
the Paul came over. Rev. Elon Oalusha was that
Paul. He was the ardent and gifted missionary
of the New York Baptist Convention. Brother
Galusha reached Pontiac on au itinerant mission
in 1822. Here ho preached in the wilderness, and
led in the organization of the first Baptist church
of the Territory.

The population of Michigan, when our first
church was planted in it, was about '.K)t)0. Detroit
was a muddy village of some lf)0O inhabitants,
among whom, if there was a Baptist, as doubtless
there was, his or her memorial has perished.

The first resident Baptist preacher that we learn
of in the Territory was Lemuel Taylor, who settled
at Stony Creek, in Oakland County. He held the
deacon's office, and preached as a licentiate, never
desiring ordination, lie was a good and useful
man, the liead of a largo family, for whom his
hands were diligent, and who perpetuated his use-

fulness by their own worth iu the churches. As
far as in him lay he preached the gospel to his
neighbors and in the settlements around, seeking
earnestly to plant the virgin soil with true religion
and the true church.

The church at this place — Stony Creek — was the
second one formed in Michigan. I'ev. Nehemiah
L;imb and his sons, Uevs. C. A. and K. P. J^amb,
visiting Pontiac iij June, 1824, and breaking bread
to the shepherdless flock, organized the brethren at
Stony Creek into a church.

The first ordained minister who settled as pastor
in our Territory was Elkanah Comstock. As mis-
sionary of the New York Convention he volunteered
for this remote and solitary service, and took charge
of the church in Pontiac in the summer of 1824.

In connection with the labors of Elder Conjstock
a church was constituted at Troy in 1S25, and an-
other at Farmington in 1820, making four churches
in the Territory, all in Oakland County.

The Michigan Baptist Association' was formed
in 1826 of the above four churches, with their two
or three ordained ministers.

The second pastor that we learn of was Rev.
John Buttolph, who was settled in Troy in 1820.
He died with this church the same year. His
memory was long perpetuated as that of a loved
and successful jiastor, a character that was repro-
duced in his son, also one of the early ministers in
the State, who died while yet young, and sleeps by
his father's side in Troy.

In Detroit, the year 1826 set the Baptist elements
astir, and while they were moving towards se-
curing ]ireaehiiig. Brother Henry Davis, in his
studies at Ihimilton, was feeling strong impressions
impelling him to attempt missionary wurk iu their
city. Accordingly, in the summer of this year, he
visited Detroit for exploration, and became inter-
ested in its few Baptists. The next season (1827)
we find him early on the ground with the wife who
had given herself to share his life and work. Meet-
ings were established in the academy, and soon bap-
tisms were drawing the interested peoide to the
great river-side to see the new spectacle. The
church having formed under covenant, was ap-
jjroved by council of recognition, Oct. 20, 1827.
No minister of the Territory was present. 'Fhe
New York Baptist Convention stood nurse to the
babe, Elisha Tucker, of Fredonia, presiding and
preaching, Jairus Handy, of Bufi'alo, giving the
hand of fellowship, and Asahel Morse, of Ohio,
the charge.

Brother Davis, as pastor, addressed himself with
enterprise to the building up of the interest. Under-
his leadership, and with the friendly sympathy and
co-operation of Oov. Cass, the grant was secured of
the valuable lots, so long occu])ied, on the corner
of Fort and Criswold Streets. But sickness seizej

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MICHIGAN

788

MICHIGAN

and di.siililcJ tlio young jinstor, coniijelling liim to
abimddii his Western work before a year of it was
finished.

The next tributary to Baptist influence in Michi-
gan had its rise in tlie coming of Thonnis AV. jMer-
riU to tiiis as his ado[ited field of pioneer work. He
entered tlie 'IVrritory in May, 1S2'J; and enjoyed
tlie longest ministerial life in ihe State which our
entire ministi-y presents, lie was from the State
of Maine, where his father, a Congregational min-
ister, turned a piece of the world upside down by
becoming a Baptist, and by treating his church as
" a cake not turned," an " Ephraim who had mixed
himself annjug the people." Tlnnnas had gradu-
ated at Watorville (JoUege and Newton Theological
Seminary. Taking his appointment '" not from
men nor through nnxii," he started at his gradua-
tion from the seminary, and made liis way to Michi-
gan at the date aforesaid.

It was his mission, as he had conceived it, and
as the event has |iroved, to start and aid in rearing
the Michigan Baptist Institution of Christian and
Ministerial Learning, the history of which is de-
tailed in another papi.'r.

Looking across the Territory there is one other
((Uarter in which ligiit was newly breaking at this
Jate, showing that torch-bearers were there setting
the fires. It is at the southwest corner, and it re-
veals Rev. Jacob Price in Cass County, lie en-
tered there from AVales in 1831 or 1832, having
been furthered on his way by Dr. Cone and others
iii New Y(n'k. A lirotlu'r iMiller, from Virginia,
was also working along the Indiana border, adjoin-
ing Brother Price's field ; and Brother II. J. Hall,
from A'crmont, was the same year sent as a mis-
sionary into that vicinity, and labored witli Brother
Price happily, and with some cheering ingatlierings
of souls churches were formed at Liberty, Lagrange,
Niles, Edwardsburg, and perhaps over the Indiana
line.

Elder Price was the unremitting toiler on that
field for forty years. Ho was benevolence and
work personified. God anointed him with the Holy
.S|iiril, and he went about doing good. Ills kindly
countenance was the first preacher's face seen in the
cabin doors of the new settlers over a large portion
of Southwestern Michigan. Under him numerous
churches rose up, and by his wise counsels and
Christ-like spirit they guided their affairs with dis-
cretion. One generation after another saw his
familiar appearance passing alcmg the roads to his
scattered preaching-places, and leading the funeral
processions of many surrounding towns; and then
" he was not, for Cod took him."

At Comstock, the mother of all the churches in
the Kalama/oo Kiver Association was formed by
Brother Merrill, Judge Eldred, and others. It is
now the Galesburg church.

In 1831 the churches associated in organizing
the Michigan Baptist Domestic Mission Society,
which kept up its annual meetings, inspired the for-
mation of auxiliaries in all the churches, solicited
and appropriated funds, and was in fact what later
took the name and form of the State (convention.
Foreign missions were alike cared for, and Cliris-
tian edncalion. Tract circulation was also organ-
ized and urged with intelligent liberality and per-
sonal lal)0r from the first.

In 1832 there were twenty churches in the Ter-
ritory and twelve pastors.

Rev. Robert Turnbull became pastor in Detroit
in November, 1834, soon after which time the
church dedicated their permanent house of worship.
During the two and a half years of this pastorate
our cause in Detroit advanced well.

At Kalamazoo and vicinity, in 1835, Rev. Jere-
miah Hall commenced preaching, and the church
was formi'd the ensuing Fidiruarv. He labored
as pastor eight ye--lrs with discretion and faith-
fulness, and the church became a steady and cen-
tral light. • The Literary Institute fixed there its
permanent location, and l)egan its school-life.

At Schoolcraft, Rev. William Taylor was set-
ting on the candlestick that jiure and Ijeneticcnt
light which shone there in such blessing while he
lived ; ay, and is phosphorescent from his grave
there yet, though the storms of more than twenty
years have drenched it.

Under these laborers and their co-workers in the
churches our growth spread widely. The second
Association was called lor and formed in 1833 or
1834, bearing then the name of Lagrange, but now
the St. Joseph River. And the third, first called
the river Raisin, now the Washtenaw Association,
was formed on the 14th of January, 1835.

Now came the building and launching of the
Baptist Convention of the State of Michigan ; for
Michigan was becoming a State just in time to
allow this name. The story of its organization and
growth is reserved for another article.

Of the number of churches and members in the
State at the date of the Convention's fornmtion we
can only have approximate knowledge. We judge
there were about 35 churches and nearly 2000
membiirs. ■'

A large number of ministers came in or were
raised up in the churches from 1830 to 1840:
Brethren AVcaver, Curtiss, Hamlin, J. Harris, N.
(1. Chase, ]M. Allen, L. H. Moore, 0. B. Day, 0. C.
Comstock, Fulton, Hendei^. I'i'unell, Rummerey,
AVisnor, Piper, and others. The Anusrican Baptist
Home Mission Society came promptly on the field
at its origin in 1842, and has been at the front ever
since. Almost all the churches, both older and
newer, have felt its ready and steady hand of help
in their time of need.

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i'lt.-i (' . ,| 61. II- I '. r«li .-l-.

MICiriGAN

7«9

MICHIGAN

In all tlioir elTorts, and in general co-operation
with missionary, IJible, and other causes, there has
been remarkable freedom from partisan divisions
and strifes in the churches, Associations, and Con-
ventions. The Baptists of INIieliigan have been
a homogeneous people, respectful towards each
other's opinions and modes of action, and deter-
mined that no incompatiljility should divorce what
God had joined together.

The largest number of baptisms in a year was
in 187G, when it lacked hut little of 3000. The
average for fifteen years is a little over 1400.'
Membership, 27,nij4. Number of churches, iUl,
constituting eighteen Associations. For benevo-
lent objects of all kinds, not including what has
been done by contributors for their own local
churches, they must have given not less than
$GO0,O(.)O, all of it in comparatively small sums, — •
the drops that make tlie ocean.

Michigan, The Baptist Convention of the

State of. — Tlie ohlest IJaptist church in Michigan
— that in I'outiac — was formed in 1822. The first
ordained Baptist minister residing in tlie .State en-
tered it in 1S2-1. The first Association was organ-
ized in 1827, but no general convention of the
Baptists in the State was attempted till 183C. In
that year a call was issued to the churches to send
delegates to Detroit for a State organij;ation, and in
response to the call 2f) ciiurcbes were represented
by 55 delegates in Detroit on the 31st of August.
Dr. Nathaniel Kendriek, Archibald Maclay, Elon
Galusha, Elislia Tucker, and eight others, not resi-
dents of the State, were present, and invited to aid
the delegates in their work.

The plan of organization then adopted was almost
exactly the same as that now in use, after an ex-
perience of forty-throe years. The design of the
Convention was declared to lie "to carry out the
commission of Christ in giving the gospel to every
creature ; b}' multiplying and circulating copies of
the Holy Scriptures; aiding home and foreign mis-
sions ; encouraging Sabbath-school instruction ;
promoting the circulation of religious tracts; and
the cause of edueatioii, especially that of (he rising
ministry." The constitijtion further provided that
the objects contemplated by the Convention "shall
be classed in the Ibllowing order : Bible efforts ;
liorae missions ; foreign missions ; education ; gen-
ernl benevolence ; and each of the foregoing objects
respectively shall be assigned to a specific committee
appointed by the IJoanl of Managers."

How little change has been introduced into the
general plan of oi-ganizali<in after nearly half a
century will appear from the following statement
of the present plan of work, contained in the by-
laws as last iu'inf(^d ;

" The board, at its first meeting after its elec-
tion, shall ap|ioiiit special boards, consisting of not

loss than five, nor more than nine members, as fol-
lows :

" 1. The Board of State Missions.

" 2. The Board of Christian and Ministerial Edu-
cation.

"3. The Board of Foreign Missions.

" 4. The Board of Bible Publication and Sun-
day-school work. , , ' .

" 5. The Board of Homo Missions.

" These special boards shall be regarded as C(j-
operative respectively with' the general societies of
the Baptist denomination for the same objects."

As a result of this organization the American Bap-
tist Missionary Union, and the American Baptist
Home Mission Society, and the American Baptist
Publication Society, have at their service organ-
ized committees to commend their interest to the
churches of the State, while other committees are
intrusted with the care of new and feeble churches,
and with the duty of aiding young men whom God
has called to prepare for the gospel ministry. At
each annual meeting these subjects come up in
turn for consideration, not as intruders, nor simply
as welcome visitors, but as the very interests which
the Convention was organized to servo.

At the first election of officers. Rev. Robert Pow-
ell was chosen president, and Rev. Robert Turnbull
secretary, and the Convention entered on its work
with hopeful zeal.

Among the objects for which the Convention was
formed State missions have naturally occupied a
prominent place, both because the demand for mis-
sionary work in the State has been great and con-
stant, and because in this work the board was not
auxiliary to any broader organization, but respon-
sible for the whole direction and accomplishment
of the enterprise. For a few years it co-operated
with the American Baptist lliuiie Mission Society
in the care of the churchi^s in the State, as was the
case in other States, but in 1875 returned to the
former plan of separate control. A large propor-
tion of the ablest and largest churches in the State
have been fostered by the Convention, and are now
glad to recognize their indebtedness.

A second branch of the Convention's work is
that of Christian and ministerial education. At
the organization of the Convention njiprcciative
recognition was made of the institution at Kala-
mazoo, and the policy was indicated of having a
college with full powers. Funds also were then
proposed for theological education. In 1837 a the-
ological school was resolved upon. Funds for ben-
eficiaries were raised uiul appi'opriated to students
at Hamilton.

In 184() the establishment of a theological semi-
nary was determined, grounds were purchased in
Kalamazoo, and prejiaratious were made for build-
ing. The seminary was not, and never liecanie, a

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,i..iii!.>>' '.,!'! .• .i! : 3ci

MICHIGAN

790

MIDDLEDirCII

eepiinite corporation, but was directly controlled by
tlie Ooiiveiitioii, which owned the pro|jerty, and by
its board governed the institution. I'rof. James A.
B. Stone, pastor at KahuiLuzoo, and principal of
the institute, was placed in eharne of the work in
the beginning, and retained this place for seventeen
years.. Instruction began in 1849, and ilov. Sam-
uel (iraves was added to the faculty in 1801. After
the institute liecaiue Kalamazoo College, its jiro-
fessors taught in the seminary as oiJcasion required.
In 18()6, Dr. Silas Hailey became the principal
teacher in the seminary, and remained in this ser-
vice till the fall of 1869, when the failure of his
health compelled him to retire from all severe labor.
The funds of the Convention for the support of the
seminary had never been adeijuate, and after the
retirement of Dr. JJailey, the seminary at Chicago
having been established, it was thouglit not to
provide at present for distinctively theological edu-
cation. .Meanwhile the funds of the Convention
which were given for ministerial education are
sacredly kept for that purpose, and the income is
ji)ipropriated in aiding young men in their prepa-
ration lor the ministry. WMiile the seminary was
maintained between 5Uand 60 students passed from
its studies into the ministry.

In 1869, Rev. Thomas W. Merrill offered to the
Convention the sum of S8U00 for the support of a
[irofessor in Kalamazoo College, who must be a
liaptist minister and serve as college pastor. The
original endowment was to remain on interest till
it should amuunt to SIO.UOO. In 1874 the sann;
brother (iropused to add $14,000 to a previous gift
of .^lOUU, for the end(Jwmont of scholarships in
Kalamazoo (College, this addition to become avail-
able in 1880 or at his death. These endowments
are not at present available, as the notes in which
ISIr. Merrill nuule payment are not now paying
interest. For one year, however. Rev. Dy. N. S.
Burton served in the Merrill Profes.sorship. The
funds now in possession of the Convention for edu-
cational purposes, besides the Jlerrill endowments,
are about .'560i)0. The Convention also owjis the
grounds on whii-h the upper buildings of Kalama-
zoo College are situated, worth absut !?60,0(X).

Another enterprise of the Convention was the
establishme»it of a weekly religious )iapor. Con-
templated in the origin of the Convention, and
agitated at each of the annual meetings for si.K
years, it was undertaken at the meeting in 1841,
and the lirst number was issued in January, 184li,
bearing the name of the Michigan Chrisliaii Her-
ald. It was put in charge of a committee, of which
Rev. Andrew 'l'i;nbrook, pastor in Detroit, acted as
editor, and R. C. Smith and S. N. Kcndrick as pub-
lishers. 'I"he second year Jiev. Miles Sanford per-
formed editorial work. After I'rof. Tenbi-ook was
called to the university. Rev. J. Inglis succeeding

him as pastor, also filled the editorial chair. With
the year 1848 began Rev. Marvin Allen's propri-
etorship of the paper, and Rev. Geo. W. Harris
assumed editorial care of it. Thenec to the death
of Jlr. Allen, in 1S61, these co-laborers supplied
the State with the Herald. The editor gave emi-
nent satisfaction in his department, and the ]iub-
lisher threw his tireless zeal and rare executive
abilities without reserve into the enterprise. On
the death of Air. Allen it was diflicult to finil a man
ready to do his work. The orphaned Herald was
taken up in Kalanmzoo by Brethren OInoy, Curtiss,
Walden, Clark, and Cadman, and continued to
serve the churches well but its ])ublisliers ill. In
1867 it was deemed expedient to consolidate the
Herald with the Cliristiaii Times, of Chicago, and
the Witne.i.i, of Indianapolis, under the mime of
the Standard, which has since lieen published in
Chicago.

'J'he ]iulilication of a weekly Baptist paper for
MiLdiignn was, liowt^vor, commenced again in Jan-
uar}', 1873, not by the Convention, but by Rev. L.
II. Trowbridge as both publisher and editor. This
paper, which bears the name of the Christian Her-
ald, is issued from Detroit, and has had a con-
stantly increasing circulation and a continuous
growth in power among the churches till now.

Most of the influence which the Convention has
exerted has not been of a nature to be easily stated.
It has produced unity of action anujng the churelios,
has steadily aided in the collection of funds for
foreign missions, Ikjiub missions, and the circula-
tion of religious books, has provided for the support
of candidates for the ministry, and has collected
and i)ublished statistics of the denominati(jn in
Michigan. The meetings from the very Ijeginning
have been characterized by harmony and an earnest
desire to serve the interests of Clirist's kingdom.

In Jlichigan there are 18 Associations, 352
churches, 307 ordained ministers, and 27,285 mem-
bers.

Middleditch, Robert T., D.D., was bom in

Bedfordshire, England, .May 22, 1.S25. His father
and a brother were Baptist ministers. He became
a memljer of a Baptist church at sixteen years of
age, and was educated at an English seminary for
missionary students, and in 1844 was sent as a
missionary to Jamaica, West Indies, by the English
Baptist Missionary Society.

In 1846 he came to the United States, and set-
tled at Lyons Farms, N. -J., where he was ordained
in 1848. In 1850 ho .settled at Red Bank, N. J.,
where ho nnnaiiied as pastor till 1867. He also
served the churches of Nyack and Flushing, N. Y.,
as ])astor. In all his settlmuenls he met with suc-
cess. Since 1872 he has been associate editor of the
Baptist Weekly. Ho received the honorary degree
of Doctor of Divinity from Madison University.

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MIKELS

791

MILES

lie is the iuUhor of tliiit widely-circulated work,
"A PeJobaptist Chureli no Home fur a Baptist;"
also a premium niisHiou tract, '' The World's Uovo-
liitiou," publislied for the Southern Baptist Hoard ;
''A Baptist Church, the Christian's Home," and
'• Burmah's Great Missionary." Several sermons
preaclied by him have been publislied. He is an
able and industrious writer and preacher, as liis
works attest.

Mikels, Wm. S., D.D., was bom in Orange Co.,
N. v., !May 18, 182U. He was graduated from
Rladison University in 1843, and the theological
seminary at Hamilton, N. Y., in 18-15. He was
ordained pastor of tlie Baptist church at Rondout,
N. Y. After four years of service he then settled
in Sing Sing, wliere he labored six years. In 1856
he accepted the ))asturate of the Sixteenth Street
Baptist church, New York, whicli position he tilled
for seventeen years. Tliis was tiie gi-eat work (jf
iiis life. It was a continuous revival, and many
hundreds were added to the church. Dr. Mikels
is a plain, earnest speaker, appealing directly to
tlie hearts of the people. As a friend in need, a
counselor in troultle, ami as a peace-maker, In; has
few equals. For some years he has been the pas-
tor of the East Baptist church, located in the
Seventh Ward.

Miles, Rev, Edward, w-as bom in the arsenal
at Phibulelphia, Nov. 15, 1812; Ijaptized in Miles-
burg, Pa., Nov. 25, 1832; ordained at Milesburg,
May 15, 1837, and at different periods served the
following ciiurciies in Pennsylvania: Alleghany,
Meadville, Freeport, Loyalbannock, Uniontown,
Zion, Kittanning, New Castle, Brownsville, and Red
Stone in Union County. June 4, 1852, he took
charge of the Second church in Davenport, Iowa,
where he still resides.

Miles, Rev. Frederick W., was bom in New
Brunswick; was a graduate of King's College,
Windsor, Nova Scotia, and was converted while at-
tending that institution. Subsequently ado|>ting
Baptist principles, he was baptized. He was fur
some time pastor of the Baptist church in St. John,
New Brunswick, and afterwards pastor of the
church at Fredericton, New Brunswick. At the
opening of the Bapitist seminary, in January, 1836,
in Fredericton, Mr. Miles became its principal, and
so continued till, to the regret of ail, sickness com-
pelled liim to resign. Enthusiastic and energetic
in his .work in the seminary and in the gospel, he
had the entire confidence of the Baptist denomina-
tion, and their highest commendation. He died
Feliruary, 1842.

Miles, Rev. Georg^e Frederick, was bom* in

Mangerville, New Brunswick ; converted and bap-
tized in that province; ordained pastor in 184(),
and has been pastor at St. George, Moncton, and
Saokville, New Brunswick, and also at Amherst,

Nova Scotia, and now performs a vast amount of
pastoral and missionary work in Cumberland and
Colchester Counties, Nova Scotia.

Miles, Rev, John, in 1662, was ejecti-d from the
living of Ilston, in AVales, by the Act of Unifm-ni-
ity. Like a considerable number of Baptists in
the time of Cromwell's protectorate he was ]irub-
ably pastor of a Baptist church, and olliciated as a
|)reaclier in one of the state churclies. The law, in
1662, compelled him to surrender his relations to
the Establishment, and suljected him otherwise to
great sufl'erings if he would carry out his conscien-
tious convictions. He had been a very active and
successful Baptist minister. Backus represents
him as the " father ol' the Baptist churclies in
Wales, which liegan in 1649." This statement re-
, quires some modification, but it is certain that he
was exceedingly useful in spreading the truth in
tlie principalit3\ And had he not lieen a man of
strict conscientiousness he would have retained his
living in the national church and sacrificed his re-
ligions principles. IMany followed this course.

In 1663 he and his Baptist friends of Swansea,
in Wales, came to Massacdiusetts, and located at a
place to which they gave the name of their old
home. They brought their church records with
them, and they joined together "' in a solemn cove-
nant" (in a church organization) in the house of
John Butterworth. Mr. JMiles was the pastur of
the American Swanzey cliurch. He was a minis-
ter of great industry and zeal, and of fearless
courage. AVhen the Boston brethren .snlfered
heavily from the persecuting biws of their Puritan
brethren, Jlr. Miles went to succor them, and
give such counsel and encouragement as his wide
experience would readily furnish. He stood his
ground in Swanzey against all discouragements
and threatcnings, and proved himself a tower of
strength to the abused and persecuted Ba(itists,
He remained the pastor of Swanzey till liis death,
in 1683.

Mr. Miles was distinguished for his learning,
and remarkable for his piety, and such was the
blessed inlluence which he exerted, and the deep
impression wdiicli he left, that Backus writes of
him in 1777, nearly a hundred years after his
death, " bis memory is still jireciuus among us."
And Mather is compelled to |)lace him and Ilan-
serd Knollys among " some godly Anabaptists"
who came from England. " Both of these," he
says, " have a res|)ectful character in the churclies
of this wilderness."

Miles, Gen, Samuel, was born at White Marsh,
Montgomery Co., Pa., 1739. His grandfather, ono
of the first settlers of this State, was a native
of Wales. In his sixteenth year Samuel Miles
joined a company of militia which was ordereiL to
Northampton County to defend its inhabitants

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MILES

792

MILLER

from liostile Indians. In his military duties he
showed sucli skill and courage that the governor of
the colony, in 1757, sent liiiri an ensign's commis-
sion in the troops of Pennsylvania, lie veas three

GE.V. S.\.ML'EI. MILES.

years in active service, during which he was ad-
vanced to the comniand of a i:om|)any ; and he was
only once slightly wounded.

At the close of the war he married Catharine,
daughter of John AV'istar, Esq., and entered upon
housekeeping and commercial pursuits in Philadel-
phia. His talents and industry secured for him such
a measure of prosperity that in 1774 he retired
from business.

When the Revolutionary agitation began Oapt.
Miles was among the first to sliow his patriotic
ardor. In 177iJ he became colonel of a regiment of
riflemen, formed by himself, and composed of liis
neighbors and friends. This body of brave men,
one thousand strong, was attached to the regular
army under Washington. On the 2.Sth of August,
1770, he fought with great gallantry at the battle
of Long Island, and his riflemen showed a heroism
\Vorthy of the glorious cause which tliey represented.
But the army of freedom was not equal to the forces
of oppression, and for the time being they were com-
])elled to give way. With Col. Miles, Gens. Sul-
livan and Stirling, and ciglity-one other olliccrs were
captured. During his imprisonment he was made
a hrigadier-goncral f<jr distinguished services in the
field. After his release he was for a time deputy
i|uartermastcr of the Ami'rican army for the State
of Pennsylvania. Ills military services were of the

highest importance in the Revolutionary struggle;
and his patriotic example exerted an immense in-
fluence in stirring up the lukewarm, and in putting
the disloyal to shame.

After tlie conclusion of peace ho was elected
mayor of Philadelphia, a position which, for gen-
erations, has ,bcen regarded by its citizens as an
honor of unusual magnitude, the duties of which
have generally been discharged by distinguisliod
men. The picture of Gen. Miles adorns the office
of the chief magistrate of Philadelphia at this time,
surrounded by the portraits of his predecessors and
successors ; and his biography may be consulted in
the archives of tlie mayor's ollice. Gen. Miles was
an alderman of Pliiladelphia, a member of the
Colonial and State Legislatures, ami a judge of the
Court of Errors and Appeals. . He was a man
wlicim his fellow-citizens delighted to lionor.

In 1792 he retired again, to a country-seat in
Montgomery County. Of tills place President
.Manning, of lihode Island College (now lii'ou'ii
University), says, "Col. Miles has a luost elegant
seat, gardens, meadows, etc., and a most remark-
able spring, which turns three wheels in one-fourth
of a mile from its source. I spent three ikiys very
agreeably" (there). In that beautiful home, in
gratifying reQned tastes, and in extending a gen-
erous hospitality to his numerous friends, he spi^nt
the remainder of his days. He died Sept. '29, 1805,
in the sixty-seventh year of his age.

Gen. INIiles was a zealous Baptist, and a warm
friend to every Baptist interest. jV lady, a relative
of the general, who wrote a sketcli of his life for
Tlu: Asscmhlij" s Mayazine (d" LSUo, a Presbyterian
periodical, says, "A Scotch noljleman was once
complimented upon the number of offices he had
filled under the British government, each of which
was mentioned to him ; 'You have forgotten,' said
he, ' to mention one of my honors, which I prize
more than all the rest, and that is the office of an
elder in my parish church, which I have filled for
many years.' The same pre-eminence in ecclesias-
tical over civil honors was possessed by Gen. IMiies
for many years in the Baiitist church of Philadel-
phia." •

The writer means that tlie general was a Bap-
tist deacon, and that he esteemed that office his
chief honor. Grace liad so completely moulded
the heart and ciiaraoter of Gen. Miles, that an in-
timate friend of nearly twenty years' standing
'' had never once seen him angry." " Ho loved
and cherished his country as if ho expected to live
in it forever, and yi.'t he served his God as if he
constantly felt that he was a stranger in this
world, and that his citizenship and liomo wen- in
heaven.''

Miller, Rev. Andrew Jackson, was born in

Hardin Co., Ky., Jan. 7, bS-i'.l. He was educated

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MILLER

793

MILLER

at Madison College, Tonn. ; was baptized into the
fellowship of IMount Zion Baptist church, in Ohio
Co., Ky. ; licensed to preach in 1859, and was or-
dained at Coul Spring church, in the same cuunty,
in lyGl. lie was pastor for a time at Henderson,
Ky. Afterwards he preached several years at Car-
vollton, I\to. In 1S77 he returned f i Iventucky,
ami took charge of the church at (Uovorport. At
present he is ]iast(U' of Zion church in Jleiulcrson
County. lie has baptized over lOOlJ persons, and
has served the Henderson County Association as
moderator during the last tlire(! years. Ho is a
l)rother of Rev. Dr. \. T?. Miller, of Evansville,
Iml., an able preacher and an ellicient pastor.

Miller, D. Henry, D.D., was born iu the Isle
of Jersey, Oct. 31, 1827. His mother was the
daughter of one of the heroes of Bunker Hill. His
father was a native of England. On the death of
his father Jlrs. Miller returned to Boston, where
her son received his first training. He was gi-ad-
uated from the Wesleyan Institution in 1845. In
1849 he received the degree of A.M. from Madison
University. Soon after the time of his graduation
he embraced the views of the Baptists, and was
licensed to preach by the Stanton Street Baptist
church in New York. Iti 1847 he was ordained as
pastor of the Baptist church in North Stonington,
Conn. In iy4'J he organized a church of seven
members under an old elm-tree in Yonkers, N. Y.,
where he reuitiined until 1857. In that year he
settled in Merideii, Conn., and in 1861 was com-
missioned as ahaplain of the 15th Regiment Conn.
Vols. After two years of service in the field, he
settled as paitor of the First Baptist church (d'
'I'renton, N. J. In 186(5 he received the degree of
1>.I>. from Lewisburg University, Pa. In 18t'i7 he
accepted the pastorate of the Broad Street church
(jf Elizabeth, N. J. In 1872 he settled with the
"NV^orthen Street church in Lowell, Mass., and in
1873 accepted a call from the I'lymouth church in
New York. In 1875 he took charge of the Noble
Street chui-ch, Brooklyn, where he has been emi-
nently successful.

Dr. Miller succeeded Rev. Dr. Dowling, some
years since, in the editorsliip of the liaptint Menm-
rial, in which he continued for several years, until
its sale and removal from New York.

Miller, Rev. Harvey, son of Uev. Samuel Mil-
ler (pastor of (dd W'allingford church, and first pas-
tor of Meriden church in 1817), was born in Wal-
lingford, Ccnin., April 3, 1814 ; baptized on the day
he was seventeen years of age by ilev. Simon
Shailer ; soon began to preach; in 1832 entered
Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, and
renuiined four years; ordained at Ann Arlior,
Mich., Nov. 23, 1830; returned to Connecticut in
1838, and became pastor of Baptist church in Mer-
iden, where he successfully labored eighteen years.
61

till his death; died Aug. 27, 1856; had an active
and quick mind ; an extensive reader ; often quaint
in his mode of expression ; laborious worker ; real-
ized excellent results in his ministry ; beloved and
honored.

Miller, Hon, James, was born in AVest Phila-
del[diia, Pa., Oct. 22, |S22; was baptized into the
fellowship of the lUockley church, I'hiladelphia,
by Key. Joseph Hammctt, Oct. 22, 184,3. He soon
after became one of the constituent members of
the First church. West Philadelphia; but subse-
quently returned to the Blockley church, where
for many years he was a faithful member, an lionr
ored office-bearer, and an ellicient Sumlay-school
superintendent. ■ In 1872 he connected himself
with the Mantua mission interest in West Phila-
delphia, and by his labors and benefactions largely
aided the organization and growth of the present
Mantua church. He was prominently identified
with the establishment of the Baptist Home of
Phihulclphia, and is still a member of its board of
trustees. He is also a member of the board of
curators of the university at Lewisburg, and i^,
treasurer of the Pennsylvania Baptist General As-
sociation and the Philadelphia City Mission. In
other religious and secular enterprises he is offi-
cially connected with the inanagenu'nt of important
trusts. For several years he was editor and pro-
prietor of the Philadelphia Progress. In 1864-65,
and again in 1869-70, he was chosen to represent
his fellow-citizens in the Pennsylvania State Legis-
lature. In all these varied and responsible posi-
tions he has shown himself to be an able officer, a
wise counselor, an upright man, and a consistent
Christian. He was especially devoted to Sunday-
school work, and much of his time lias been spent
in earnest and successful eflbrts to so address him-
self to the young as to make early religious impres-
sions upon their hearts. Of those whom he has
thus influenced muiiy will doubtless shine as stars
in the crown of his rejoicing.

Miller, Rev. John, was born at Yoluntown,
Conn., Feb. 3, 1775; experienced a saving change
in his eighteenth year; removed to Abington,
Luzerne Co.,* Pa., Feb. IS, 1802. Here he lived
and labored until his decease, Feb. 19, 1857, in his
eighty-third year. His wife was the fifth lady in
the settlement. On the 18th of October, 1802, the
Abington Baptist church was recognized, and the
same day he was ordained as its pastor, and he
served them with singular ability and success until
1853, ^a period of over fifty years. But service in
this single church was not enough to satisfy the
longing desires of liis heart. "He cultivated as
his field the northern part of Luzerne County,
with portions of Wyoming and Susquehanna
Counties, embracing the large area commencing
on the summit of the Moosie Mountain on the

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MILLER

794

MlLLtnt

northeast, and cxtondiiif; down its soutliwcsteni
slope ovui- the Abiiigloii liilla, and beyond tlio
waters of the Susqucliantia." Tlic iminoiiso labor
required for the work could not easily be con-
ceived, much less performed, by ministers nsed to
the ordinary coinl'orts of tlie present day. Ben-
ton, lilakely, (Jlilford, CarljoTidaie,' Eaton, Exeter,
Newton, N(n'lhni<}rL'!an(l, I'ittston, I'rovidonec,
Greenlleld, and Tunkliannoek are churches located
now in what was then the geograjihical field of
this hardy missionary and pastor. Sucli were the
herculean labors of this man, performed without
remuneration, amid winter's cold and summer's
heat, on foot or on horseback, in damgers soon
and unseen, but with unfalterinii fiiith and glow-
ing desire to fulfill the ministry given him in
the dispensation of grace. And the fruits were
more abundant than the hibor. He baptized not
far from 2000 converts, attended nearly as many
funerals. Sis whole churches, and parts o_f six
others, the results of his ministry, have become
independent bodies ; seven preachers of the gos-
pel have been raised up in the one church, and
an influence all-pervading had leavened the entire
field.

After a ministi-y of fifty-three years he lingered
for a few weeks in great pain, but was calmly re-
leased, in the full possession of his mental powers,
on Thursday, Fob. 19, 1857.

Miller, Col. John Blount, was bom in Charles-
ton, S. C, on the IGth of September, 1782. lie
studied law at an early ago, and was the first notary
public ever appointed forSunitor County, llis dili-
gence and accuracy in business .soon gave him a
large and lucrative practice, and the highest re-
spect of the bench and bar.

He joined the Baptist church, High Hills of
Santoo, in early life, and his devotion as a Chris-
tian was even greater than he had exhibited in bis
legal profession.

In 1817 he was appointed commissioner and
register in equity, which ollice he held until his
death, on the 21st of October, 1851. Ho was elected
to the Legislature in the next winter, and ro-clocted
for each term while ho lived.

He was a captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel
successively in the war of 1812. Hence the title
of colonel, by which be was ever afterward known.

Miller, Rev. Manoah D., of Madison, Wis.,

was born Feb. 15, 1811, in Elizabethtown, N. J.
His parents were JManoah and Elizalioth Jlillor.
They were Baptists, and their Christian lives and
example made a deep impression on him, and con-
tributed largely in shaping the future of their son.
His father was a judge of the Supreme Court of
New York. In early life ho obtained a hupe in
Christ and united with the Baptist Church. He
completed the full literary and theological course

of llaniilton Literary and Theological Listitution.
Ho was ordained at Monkton, Vt., and became the
pastor of the Baptist church in that place. He
subsequently served as pastor the churches at
Springfield, Danville, Windham, Wilmington, and
Addison, in Vermont, lie received the honorary
degree of A.M. from Middlebury College. In
January, 185;i, ho cariio to .Madison, Wis., which
has been his place of residence since that time.
When he came to Madison the Baptist church
tlicre had no church edifice. He at once led the
church in the work of building, and succeeded in
enlisting the city generally ia the movement to
such an extent as to secure the best edifice for the
church, and the most centrally located of any in
the place. He was in that early day an active and
very useful ])astor. He did much outside of his
church to organize the missionary and educatiotuil
win-k of the State.

In June, 1857, owing to impaired health re-
quiring his retirement from the active work of the
ministry, he organized the AVisconsin Bank of
Madisiin, which institution he nninaged with lionor
and success until 18l)l, when he closed it. He con-
tinued banking in other forms and connected with
other business until 1876, when he withdrew from
active business. Ho is now living in retirement
near the city of Madison. Ho has always taken
the liveliest interest in the Baptist church of which
he was the pastor, and of which he has continued
an active and useful member.

Miller, Rev. R. M., was born in Sevier Co.,
Tenn., Nov. 3,1815. He died April 22, 1871. Pro-
fessed religion when fifteen years of age, and began
to preach' in early life. He was ordained July 8,
1843. Revs. John Woody, Thos. Jackson, and
John Avery composed the Presbytery. Mr. Miller
labored in Johnson, Cass, and Pulaski Counties.
He was unwearied in work, and he was succe.ssfuL
lie was stricken with paralysis, and died soon
after.

Miller, Rev. T. Doughty, was born in New

York, Sept. I'J, 18:55. Ho was brought up in the
Episcopal Church. He was converted in 1850;
shortly afterwards he pursued classical and theo-
logical studios at St. Augustine's Institute, N. Y.,
with a view to the ministry of the Episcopal Church.
He was principal of a public school in Trenton for
three years, and he held the same position sub-
sequently in Newburgh, N. Y. In 1856, having
learned the truth more perfectly, he was baptized in
the Hudson Uiver with his wife at Newburgh. In
August, 1858, he was ordained pastor of the iMount
Zioti Colored Baptist chuvch, of New Haven, Conn.
In this church and in Albany his labors were
greatly blessed in winning souls to Jesus.

In 18C4 he accepted a call from the First Africanr
Baptist church of Philadelphia. In this old com-

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MILLETT

zas

MlI/rOK

iiuinity he soon became a great favorite, and the
seal of tlie Spirit was given to his niinistnitions.
The membership is three times more numerous
tlian when lie assumed the pastorate. Under his
guidanee tlie eliurch purehased a larger edifice in
a better luealit}', which is now entirely paid for
tiirough the liberality of the members and the
generous gifts oMriends in the white churches, who
appreciate tin; talents and piety of jMr. JMiller. His
enlarged edifice is filled, and his usefulness is
visible to all that know the community over which
he so worthily presides.

Since his settlement in Philadelphia the First
African ciiurch has sent out a missionary to the
land of their fathers, and four young men who
have become successful pastors in Wilmington,
Itahimore, New Bedford, and in the Indian Terri-
tory.

Mr. Miller was appointed to preach the intro-
ductory sermon before the Philadelphia Associa-
tion in 1879 ; he was the first colored man that
ever occupied the position, and he was not placed
in it through ]iolitical biiLs, Init as a simple recog-
nition of his Christian woi'th ; his sermon sliowed
the propriety of the choice. Mr. Miller is a num
of scholarly tastes ; he is the best colored preaclier
ever located in Pliiladelphia, and his piety is of a
high order.

Millett, Rev. Joshua, was born in Leeds, Me.,
Jan. -0, 1^03. lie took part of the collegiate
course of study atAV'aterville, and then went to the
Newton Theological Institution, where he graduated
in the class of 1835. His ordination took place at
Charleston, I\Ie., Jan. G, 183G, where he remained
two years, and then went to Cherrylield, where he
was pastor five years. Afterwards he removed to
Wayne, where he continued until his death, March

10, 1848.

Mr. Jlillett was the author of '' A History of the
Ba|itists in Maine," in which he has gathered up
many facts about men and things in that State
which were last passing into oblivion. Future
historians of denominatioiuil matters in Maine will
be grateful for the careful and useful work which
he has done.

Milliken, Rev. L. H., was born Aug. 21, 1813,
in Logan Co., Ky. He was educated in Nashville,
Tenn., graduating Oct. 3, 1838. He professed re-
ligion Dec. 27, 1832, in Logan Co., Ky., and was
baptized into the fellowship of the Whippoorwill
Baptist church. Law County, by Rev. R. T. Ander-
son, and ordained at the instance of Pleasant Grove
church, by Revs. Wm. Warder, 0. II. Morrow, and

11. T". Anderson. Mr. Milliken s]iont a year in
evangelistic labors in North Alabama; came to
Memphis, Tenn., in the winter of 1831), and took
charge of the First Baptist church one year. In
the winter of 1841 went to Somerville, Fayette Co.,

Tenn., where he remained teaching, and preaching
to Somerville Baptist church until the winter of
1851, when, upon ■ invitation of the church of that
city, he removed to Aberdeen, Miss., where he
labored six years. In the spring of 185G he ac-
cepted a call to Jackson, Miss., where nearly four
years were spent. In 18G0 he removed to his' plan-
tation in Hardeman Co., Tenn., near (<rand Junc-
tion, to recruit his health from excessive and long-
continued labor. In 1SG2 he became cha|)lain of
the 13th Tenn. Regiment, C. S. A., and he contin-
ued in that office until the winter before the elosi;
of the war.

Since the war he has been engaged in teaching
and preaching the gospel. Through his efforts a
substantial house of worship has been built in La
Grange, Tenn., costing !?50ljO, and the foundation
of another has been laid in Somerville, Tenn., the
county seat of Fayette County, the estimated cost
of which is §8000, with a fair prospect of comple-
tion. Mr. Milliken is possessed of more than ordi-
nary ability and of great piety.

Mills, J, H., was born in Halifax Co., Va., July
9, 1831 J was baptized by his father ; graduated
with first distinction at Wake Forest in the class
witli Judge AV. T. Faircloth of the Supreme Court
of North Carolina and Dr. T. II. Pritchard ; be-
came president of Oxford Female College in 1855;
bought the lUhlical llecorde)' in 1867, which he
cun<lucted with success for six years ; organized the
Oxford Orphan Asylum in 1873, of which he has
been the superintendent ever since. This noble
charity, which has fed, clothed, and educated hun-
dreds of poor orphan children, has been sustained
almost altogether by the unaiiled efforts of this
most benevolent and energetic man, and a rich
heritage of blessing will rest upon him and his
forever for his " works of faith and labors of love."

Mills, Prof. L. R., was born in Halifax Co.,
Va., i\ug. 17, 1840; baptized by Dr. Wingute, Oct.
19, 1859. He gradimted at Wake Forest College
in 1801, and served four years in the late war. lie
has been Proh^ssor of Mathematics in Wake Forest
College since 1871. Prof. Mills was for several
years secretary of the board of education, and is
a very effective speaker. He is now bursar of Wake
Forest College, and one of the rising men of the
State.

Milton, John, was born in London, Dec. 9, 1608.
His father was a man of taste and of ample re-
sources, and John had everything to contribute to
his proper training. Wlnui he was only twelve
years of age he had an irresistible desire to ac(juire
infornuition, and would sit up till midnight reading,
though seriously afllieted with weak eyes and with
severe pains in the head. At fifteen he turned
some of the Psalms into beautiful stanzas. Before
he went to the University of Cambri<lg(!, which ho

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MILTON

790

MILTON

entered wlieii he wiis sixteeii yearn ami two months
old, ho WHS an advanced elassieal scholar, and he
was well ac(|uainted witli ancient and modern the-

JOIl.V MILTON.

ories of philosophy. He studied seven yeavs in
Cambridge.

When he left the nniversity he came to reside
with his fiither at Ilnrton, in Buckinghamshire,
with whom he stayed for several years. This pe-
riod he spent in reading, in learned investigations,
and in giving to the world several pieces of ex-
quisite poetry. lie could translate with the great-
est ease Ilehrew, (Jrcek, I^atin, French, Italian, and
Spanish, and his works carried marks of the wealth
of univi'rsal learning. 'I'hey speedily became
known all over Europe, and especially in Italy, so
that when lie visited that country, in 1C39, he was
received with extraorditmry enthusiasm and homu',
the leading men in literary and scientific pursuits
treating him as if he were Virgil or Danti; return-
ing to visit the glorious land in which they spent
their earthly lives. Milton was rinlely recalled
from his Italian ovations by the tierce conlliets of
his. Countrymen, and for twenty years he wielded
bis pen for liberty with a ]iower almost surpassing
that of the sword of Cromwell, the greatest war-
rior of the whole Anglo-Saxon race. Milton was
a republican arsenal stored with intellectual wea-
jions, which be could use with so much ease, and
with such fatal oll'cct, that no man could stand be-
furo him. Among his countrymen there was not
another with his intellect, his culture, and liis skill
in using his mighty arms. The royali>ts, with

good reason, dreaded and bated him. Cromwell
and bis followers cherished him with a tender af-
fection.

He was the Latin secretary of Croniwell during
his entire protectorate. Latin was the language
of diphjmacy and of courts in their business re-
lations with each other. It was Milton that wrote
the dispatches which made the Duke of Savoy
tremble on his petty throne and drop the bloody
sword with which ho was indicting martyrdom
upon the godly Waldenses. If Cromwell forged
his own thunderbolts, bis Latin secretary hurled
them forth with such a force tliat their execution
was fatal to every plot conceived against Protest-
antism or Kngland.

iMilton was married three times. His last wife
survived him for many years, and was buried in
Nantwioh, Chesbii-e, in the liaptist chapel. She
had been for a long period a member of the T5ap-
tist church of Nantwich.

The work with which Milton's fame is now chiefly
connected is " Paradise Lost." It was published
in 1007. The author was paid £."> for it, and be
was to receive X5 more for every 1300 cojiics solil.
Ho received £10 from the immortal poem, and his
widow sold the copyright for £8. " Paradise Lost"
altogether brought the author and liis wife less
than ninety dollars ! Such compensation for the
most sublime production ever created by human
genius !

How Milton escaped the axe or the halter of
Charles II. history does not tell. It is a circum-
stance so singular that it seems almost miraculous.

Milton had very decided rtfligious convictions.
His principal error was a peculiar view about the
jierson of Christ, tending somewhat towards Arian-
ism. His general opinions, however, were those
of the Baptist denominatioTi. He believed, for
example, that it was not lawful for any power on
earth to exercise com)mlsion over the conscience in
religious matters ; that the Word of God was the
only authority in Christ's earthly kingdom; that
the government of a church was purely congrega-
tional, as contrasted with the usurpations of popes,
prelates, and presbyteries ; and that the members
of a church sbouhl- be regenerated persons. His
opinion about imputation is sounder than the doc-
trine of the great tlieologian of Kittcring. He
says, "As therefore our sins are imputed to Christ,
so the merit or righteousness of Christ is imjmted
to us through faith. It is evident therefore that
this justification, in so far as we are concerned, is
gratuitous; in so far as (.'lirist is concerned, not
gratuitous, iiui.-imuch as Christ paid the ranscjui for
our sins, which he took upon him by imputation."
The great poet and the great apostle see alike on
this blessed subject.

In his " Treatise on Christian Doctrine" Milton

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MIM^

197

MINER

gives a clear aucount of his views of tlie mode and
sul)jects of baptism, lie says, " Under* the gospel
llio first (if the sacraiiietits, coiuiiioiily mo called, is
haptism, wherein tiic bodies of believers who en-
f^age themselves to pureiiess of life are immersed
in running water to signify tlieir regeneration by
the Holy Spirit, and their union with Christ in
his death, burial, and resurieotion. Hence it fol-
lows that infants arc not to be baptized, inasmuch
as they are incompetent to receive instruction or
believe, or to enter into a covenant, or to promise
or answer foV themselves, or even to hear the Word.
For how can infants that understaTid not the Word
he purified thereby, any more than adults can re-
ceive edification by hearing an unknown language?
For it is not the outward baptism wliich purifies
only the filth of the Hesli, but the answer of a good
conscience, as Peter testities, of which infants are
incapable." The poet then proceeds to refute the
alignments, now threadbare, by which PedobaptistS
in that day urged the baptism of cliildrcn. And
when Milton concludes he has left infant baptism
without any authority or even pretext for its ex-
istence.

In regard to the mode and subjects of baptism,
Milton, in "Parailise Lost," expresses the same
opinion as ho gives in his "Treatise on Christian
Doctrine," — •

.... *^ them who tihiiH bellece
Bapthimj in the iiruflueut stream^ tiio sii^n
Of wiLdlii|l^ tlK-lii tWtla guilt at HID tu life
Pure, ami in liiiiKl prepardd, if k>i l>ulaM
!Fur (luutii, lilte Uiat wliicli Itiu ItuJueiuur <liu<I.*'
: xii. -111.

His "Treatise on Christian Doctrine" waswritteii
in Latin, and transhited in 1825 by Sumner, who
afterwards became bishop of Winchester.

Milton in his old age was lilind. The Conventi-
cle Act suspended heavy penalties over all who
attended religious services other than Episcopalian,
for which Slilton had no relish, and he stayed at
home and read his Bible, determined to give the
government no opportunity to inflict vengeance on
the most talented enemy of the house of Stuart.
lie died Nov. 8, 1674. Miicaulay says, "Though
there were niany clever (talented) men in England
during the latter half of the seventeenth century,
there were only two minds which possessed the
imaginative faculty in a vei-y eminent degree; one
of these produced 'Paradise Lost,' the other 'The
Pilgrim's Progress.'" John Bunyan and John
Miltonf were both Baptists.

Mims, Prof. James S., was born in Columbus
Co., N. C, Feb. 10, KS17. He wished to be bap-
tized before he was twelve yeai-s of age, but his

» Treatise on Clnisllaii Doctrlno, pp. 431-2. London, 1825.
flvimoy'B Lifo of Milton, p. 1(14. London, 1833.

father, fearing he might be acting prematurely,
kept him back until ho was about thirteen.

Ho d(!sired immediately to commence |U'caching,
but his father again restrained )iim for a short
time. Having heai-d his son speak in a prayer-
meeting, ho gave his consent, and the church at
Fayetteville licensed him to preach.

He went first to Chapel Hill, but close applica-
tion injuring his health, he was compelled to re-
turn home. He ntixt studied privately with Prof.
J. C. Furiium for eighteen months, and then en-
tered Furinan Theological lnstituti(in. Having
spent a year there, he went to Newton, where he
graduated in 1.S42.

In the autumn of the same year he was elected
Professor of Theology in Furman University, and
entered on the duties of his ofiice in January, 184.'5,
and continued there until his death, which hap-
pened in June, ISfiS.

He was ordained at Society Hill, vS. C, in July,
1843, by Brethren J. C. and Richard Fiirman, J. 0.
B. Dargan, and John Culpepper. Although emi-
nently fitted for the pastorate, his brethren claimed
his services in preparing others for that office.

His face correctly iind plainly indicated the
Jeading features of his mind, — gentleness and
firmness, native talent and high cul^ire, in short,
every characteristic of the higlnwt order of a Chris-
tian gentleman. But his "sun went down while
it was yet day."

Miner, Rev. Ashur, was liorn in North Ston-
ington, Conn., Jan. 30, I77'2; ordained in 1805;
for ten years associate jiastor with Rev. Simeon
Brown of the Second Baptist church in North
Stonington ; on the death of the aged minister,
Nov. 24, 1815, he became sole pastor, and con-
tinued in that ofiice until his death ; was the co-
tempoi-ary of Revs. Jonathan Miner, John G.
Wiglitmiin, Roswoll Burrows, Elihu Chesebrongh,
John Sterry, Wm. Palmer, the Darrows, and the
Babcocks ; enjoyed a numb(;r of powerful revivals;
received nearly 50() into the church ; died Sept. 1,
183(1. in his sixty-llfth year.

Miner, Rev. Bradley, was born in North Ston-
ington, Conn.. July IS, 1808. He joined the Bap-
tist church in his native jilace when he was but
thirteen years of ago. He began to preach at sev-
enteen. He taught for four or live years, com-
bining study with teaching. He was for some time
at Newton, and then went to Hamilton, N. Y.
His ordination occurred in 1830, when he accepted
a call to the First Baptist church in Fall River.
After three years of service with this church, he
spent the next three years partly in Pawtucket
and partly in Wuonsocket, R. 1., I'rom which )ilace
he removed to Neponset, Mass., and was pastor of
the church in that village for nine years. In 1841)
he went to Pittsfield, Mass., and, as in other places,

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MINER

798

MINISTERS

a rich blessing attended his labors. He removed
to tlie South ]5iiptist church in Providence, with
whicli tlie Fifth liaptist churcli united, and the
churcii tlius composed, under tlje jiuidance of their
energetic pastor, erected the Friendship Street
church. After ii ministry of nearjy twenty-eiglit
3'ear.s, Mr. Miner died in October, 1.S54. With a
warm, ardent temperament, and thoroughly con-
secrated to his work, he was the means of accom-
plishing no siiuill amount of gond in the different
fields in which he was called to labor.

Miner, Rev. George Herman, son of Deacon
Leland and Bridget W. (Main) Miner, was born in
North Stonington, Conn., Sept. 15, 1835, of a his-
toric Baptist family ; well trained ; taught two
years in 15acon Academy, Conn., and two years in
Marion Collegiate Institute in New York ; pre-
pared for college in the Connecticut Literary Insti-
tution, at Sullield ; graduated with honor from
Brown University in 1X63 ; studied theology ; or-
dained as pastor of the Central Falls Baptist churcli
in Lincoln, Pi. I., in August, 1804, and remained
four years; in September, 1S68, became jiastor of
the Second Bajitist church in Camln'idge, Mass.,
and continued until 1S7-; iu October of that year
settled as pastor of the Baptist church in Newburj'-
port, Mass., and labored four years ; in October,
1876, accepted the pastorate of the Baptist church
in New Britain, Conn., where he is now laboring
with his characteristic ability and wonted success ;
devoutly wields a ready eloquence and good |ien.

Miner, Rev. Jonathan, was ordained by the
First Baptist churcli in Groton, Conn., in Feb-
ruary, 1814; the same year settled as fourth pas-
tor of the First Baptist church in North Ston-
ington, Conn., and remained twenty years; his
labors were followed by very powerful revivals in
1814, 18213, 1828, and in 1831; a man of strong
native talents, fervent piety, and clear doctrinal
views; a superior preacher; died in 1844. The
second pnstor of this church was Rev. Eleazar
Brown; ordained Jan. 24, 1770; died June 20,
]79.'J. The third pastor was Kev. Peleg Randall ;
ordained Oct. 25, 1792 ; settled, 1795 ; resigned,
1813.

Miner, Rev. Simon G., was bom inBrookfield,
Madison Co., N. Y., March 8, 1808, being the son
of Absalom and Mary Miner. ' He believes that
bis conversion took place when be was at the
age of five years. "When twejve years old he
was strongly convinced of his duty to be baptized
and unite with the church ; but the scruples then
so common- with ref('rence to early conversion
caused a postponement until his twenty-first year.
lie was then baptized into the fellowship of the
churcli of his native town by Rev. Mr. Kclsey.
The family having removed to Friendship, Alle-
ghany Co., his impressions, for some time enter-

tained, as to his duty to pi-each the gospel, then
took more decided form. They were shared also
liy the deacons of the church, in which he was at
length, in the absence of the pastor, quite unex-
pectedly called upon to fill the pulpit. He com-
plied, and was then regularly licensed by the
church, the date of this official act being January,
18.'I0. Up to this time he had been engaged in
farming. He now abandoned this business, and
began a course of study at Hamilton. His health
fiiiling, by advice of the faculty and of his phy-
sician he left the institution and began the active
duties of the ministry, being ordained at Rushford
in August, 1834. His pastorates in the State of
New Y'^ork were with the Rushford, Farmerville,
and Penfield churches, some months, meanwhile,
being spent in the service of the Genesee Sunday-
School Union. In 1837, in association with Rev.
Alfred Bennett, he was appointed by the New
York State Convention a delegate to the General
Convention of Western Baptists, held that year in
Cincinnati. This resulted in his removal to the
West. IIjs first field of labor was at Lafayette and
Crawfordsville, Ind. In July, 1841, he became
pastor of the church in Franklin, after one year
being recalled to Lafayette, where his labors were
resumed, and a house of worship built. In 1847
he accepted an aii|i(iintment as agent of the Mis-
sionary Union, serving one year. He then became
pastor of the churcli in Canton, III., the pastorate
continuing some ten years, characterized by rich
blessings, so that the church grew to be one of the
strongest in the State, 490 being added by baptism.
After a year of service a,<! secretary of the General
As.sociation, Mr. Miner was recalled to Canton,
and continued in this second pastorate until 1861.
He then entered the service of the Union as a chap-
lain in the army, remaining in it three years. His
health becoming impaired, he engaged in business
at Bloomingtim at the close of the war, and has
since served churches as a supply, or acting pastor.
His whole period of service has been one ot signal
usefulness, alike in the gathering of converts and
the successful administration of church affairs.

Ministers. — The olliee of the Christian minister
was createil by God himself, and its existence is to
be defended by all the power of the churches. It
is the province of the minister to feed the fiock of
Christ committed to his charge, to preach the glor-
ious gosfiel of the lilessed God to the |jcrishing, to
see that the church is kept free from here.sy and
sin, and to administer baptism and the Lord's Sup-
per. The minister should be " blameless, the hus-
band of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behavior,
given to hospitality, a|it to teach." He should be
free from all vices, and " have a good report of
them who are without."

The olTicial authority of all ministers is exactly

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MINNESOTA

799

MINNESOTA

<;qiial ; tlioy are all bisliops, and eacli bishop is but
;iii elder. I'relaoy and diocesan episcopacy are un-
known in the New Testament. The church of
Ephesiis, a single congregation, recent in organiza-
tion, had elders or presbyters, and these elders
were called overseers (Tr/jta/Jurt/joof tmaiamovi:) by the
upostle I'aiil, that is, bishnjis, as the (Jri-ek text in-
furins us. Acts xx. 17, li8. A bishop, like a lloniish,
(Jreek, AnglicaTi, or .Methodist prelate, had no ex-
istence among the oilieers of apostolic churches, as
there were several bishops in one congregation.
St. Jerome, in the fourth century, repeatedly con-
lirms this statement, one quotation from whom we
will give. Coianienting on Titus i. 5, 7, he says, " A
pn;sbyter is the same as a bishop, and until, by the
instigation of the devil, there arose divisions in re-
ligion, and it was said among the people, ' I am of
Paul, and I of Apollos, and I of <Je]ihas,' churches
were governed by a common council of the presby-
ters. Afterwards truly, every one reckoned those
to be his, not Christ's, whom he Impti/.ed. 'I'hen
it was decreed over the world that one of the pres-
byters should be placed over the rest, to whom the
whole care of the chui-ch should belong,"* etc.
Jerome was undoubtedly riglit about the original
equality of gospel ministers, and about the agency
which reare<l ("liristian hi(U'archies.

Ministers shonld be supported by the people for
whom they labor. " Even so," says Paul, " hath
the Lord ordained that they who preach the gospel
should live of the gospel."

Ministers are chosen by the churches, and or-
dained by bretliren summoned for that puryioso by
the authority and invitation of the churches. God
calls every true luinister to his work, the churches
recognize his voice and obey it, by placing those
Avhom he has selected as watchmen upon the walls
of Zion.

Minnesota Baptists, Historical Sketch of.—

The First Baptist church of St. Paul was the lirst
church of our denoniination organized in the State
of Minnesota. The Rev. John P. Parsons, und(!r
the appointment of tin.' Baptist Home Mission So-
ciety, came to St. Paul in May, 1S49. After a
search of six months for Baptists he found twelve
persons in St. Paul and vicinity who were ready
for the formation of a church. The organization
took place Dec. 30, 1849. The first baptism was
administered in April, 1851. The lirst meeting-
house was built the same year, and the funeral ser-
vice of its pastor was the lirst held within its walls.
The church grew in numbers, both by conver-
sion and by letter, until they were compelled to

* Idem eat ergo presbyter, qui et episcoptis et antequam diaboli
instinctu, tjtuJia in religiuiio fierent, et dicorctur in popiilis . . .
citinniuni piesliytliiuiiim coiicilio, ecclesiiB gnbei iiabaiitur. Uie-
roni., toni. vi. l^S. Culoniie, UllO. For a Itill i!i,-iiuf>!iiun of tliid sub-
ject, see Catlicart's " I*apal System," p. 07. I'biladolpliia.

build a larger house of worship, which they en-
tered on New Year's morning, 1863. The little
Indian trading-post had now become a commercial
city. The church continued to enjoy the divine
presence until it was again found necessary to erect
a more spacious house, which was built, and fin-
the lirst tim(! occupied May 'M), 1S75, The cdilice
cost §130,000, and it is now free from debt, with
money in the treasury of the church. 'I'liis church
is a child of the American Baptist Home Mission
Society, as indeed most of the churches in Minne-
sota are. It has had eight good pastors. The long-
est pastorate was that of Rev. J. D. Pope, covering
a period of nine years. Sonu; of the membership
have fallen asleep. Prominent among these we
mention the name of the lion. Horace Thompson, a
brother of great wealth, and a generous giver to
the cause of Christ. Others wdio have gone to
the better land have left a worthy record. Among
the living we mention Deacon A. II. Cavendcr, a
constituent member, and D. D. Merill, who for a
period of about sixteen years has hold the jiosition
of treasurer of the Minnesota Raptist State Conven-
tion. Many others are worthy, and would receive
honorable nVntion if space pormitte<l. Five of
the Sunday-school scholais and one Sunday-school
superintendent are now preaching the gospel.

The First Baptist church, Minneapolis, was or-
ganized Jlarch 5, 1853, with ten members. It was
publicly recognized June 23, 1853. Vor one year
it was supplied with occasioiuil preaching by Rev.
Kdwin W. Cressey and Rev. T. B. Rogers, both of
whom were missionaries of the Baptist Home Mis-
sion Society. They have, since enjoyed the labors
of seven worthy pastors, viz.: Rev. A. A. Russell,
Rev. Amory Gale, Rev. J. R. Manton, L. B. Allen,
D.D., Rev. W. T. Lowry, Rev. T. W. Powell, Rev.
II. C. Woods. This church and the First church
of St. Paul are and have been towers of strength
to the cause of Christ in Minnesota.

Ill June, 1852, Rev. T. R. Ciessoy became pastor
of the Baptist church of St. Paul, and incipient
measures were taken by him for the organization
of the Minnesota Baptist Association. A call
having been extended, delegates from lour churches
convened in St. Patrl, Sept. 24, 1852. The churches
represented were St. Paul, St. Anthony, Stillwater,
and Willow River, now Hudson, Wis. The com-
bined membership of these four churches was 82 ;
00 of this number were residents of Minnesota.
This was the ontii-e number of Baptists then in
Minnesota so far as known. At the second annual
meeting the aggregate membership of the churches
was ISO. The third annual meeting showed a con-
stituency in the churches of 202. The fourth a
membership of 331. The fifth anniversary was
held in Minneapolis, at which sixteen churches
were represented, having in all 349 members.

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('Ml (M....I "I ,

MINNESOTA

800

MIRICK

STATE CONVENTION.

Tho follovviiif; statemuiit pertaining to tlie organi-
zation of tlie Minnesota Baptist State Convention
we copy fruni the minutes of tlio Convention of
18G1:

" As early as the summer of IS^S, many Ijretliren
tliouglit that a Slate organization was deMmndeil
by tho interests of tiie denomination. At tlio an-
niversary of the iMinnesota IJaptist Assoeiation of
that year a eoniinittec was appointed to take tlie
matter into eonsideration. This committee recom-
mended tlie formation of a State Convention, and im-
mediately after the adjournment of the Association
a meeting was called for that purpose, when a pre-
liminary organization was eflected, of which Hon.
J. II. Keith was President, Rev. J. D. Pope, Sec-
retary, and William Wakefield, Esq., Treasurer.''

But little was done that year, except to procure a
charter and prepare the way for future operati<jns.

The first annual meeting was held at Winona,
Aug. 29, lt>59, when the Convention assumed a
pernninent form by the adoption of the charter and
constitution. 'I'he principal ollieers were re-elected.
The board agreed to raise §200 towards the salary
of Rev. A. Gale, exploring missionary of the Amer-
ican Baptist Home .Mission Society for Minnesota.

The second anniversary of the Convention was
held at Minneapolis, Sept. 7, 18G0. The meeting
was largely attended, and manifested a commend-
able interest in the work of the Convention. J. 1).
Ford, M.lJ., was elected Presid<:nt, Rev. J. D.
Pope, Secretary, and Wiu. Wakefield, Esq., Treas-
urer. The members of the Convention pledged
$200 for colporteur work, with the understanding
that two colporteurs would be employed through
the year. The services of Rev. B. Wharton and
Brother G. L. Case were secured in connection
with the American Baptist Publication Society.

The third anniversary of the State Convention
was held in Owatonna in 1861, and reveals a grati-
fying advance. The number of ministers then in
the State was 68 ; number of churches, 96; num-
ber of Associations, 6 j with a total membership
of 2384. At the close of the first decade of con-
ventional work (1868) the statistics show seven
Associations, with a membership of 3910. In 1869
the board report that ten of the churches in the
State are self-supporting. The whole number of
Associations reported at the last anniversary (1879),
counting the Scandinavian Baptist Conference as
one, is eight, and the total membership in the State
is 6S54. The three churches reporting tho largest
membership are First Minneapolis, 421 ; First St.
Paul, 346 ; First Rochester, 245,

EDUCATIONAL IIISTOKV.
Early in the history of the State an effort was
made to- found a university. A charter was ob-

tained and a primary building erected in tho city
of Hastings, but the tinaneial embarrassments whicli
occurred in 1857 and 1858 were so severe as to fatally
cripple the enterprise. For a number of years no
further effort was made to found a literary institu-
tion, but at the annual meeting of the State Con-
vention, in the autumn of 1874, a "centennial
comuiittee" was ajipointed, who reported favorably,
and at the annual meeting of the Convention, in
1S75, three committees were appointed: 1. On
location for an academy. 2. On finance. 3. On
charter. Tlie committee on location recommended
the city of Owatonna as an eligible place for Min-
nesota Academy. 'I'lie report was adopted. The
committee on finance were authorized at the sami;
meeting to erect an academic building, and if
their judgment approved, to commence a school.
At the nest Conventional meeting (1877) a build-
ing had been erected at an expense of S4400, five
teachers were employed, and a school in successful
operation having 101 students. During the fol-
lowing winter the committee on charter obtained
from the Legislature a revision of the old univer-
sity charter, under which the Minnesota Academy
was (U'ganized. The finance committee is to be
perpetual, having entire charge of the pecuniary
affairs of the institution. The endowment fund
now amounts to $5500. The academy is already
doing a noble service for sound learning. It re-
ceives much encouragement from Congressman M.
II. Dunnell, a member of the Baptist church in
Owatonna, who is deeply intci-ested in the educa-
tional affairs of the State, and from other enlight-
ened and liberal Baptists.

In 1880 there were in Minnesota 9 Associa-
tions, 154 churches, 112 ordained ministers, and
7056 church members.

Mirick, Rev. Stephen H., was born in Salem,
Jlass., Jan. 9, 1819. After having been prepared
for college in the Latin grammar-scho<d iu his na-
tive town, he entered Waterville College, Me., and
graduated iu August, 1838, receiving in course the
degree of A.M. in 1841. Removing South, he
taught school in St. Helena Parish, La., during
1839; and during 1840 was engaged in the prepar-
atory department, of the University of Louisiana.
In the fall of 1840 he entered Newton Theological
Seminary, and finished the course there in 1843.
After leaving the seminary, he preached for the
Central Baptist church, Philadelphia, for six
months, and was ordained in November, 1843, the
sermon being delivered by the Rev. R. E. Pattison,
D.I)., and the charge by the Rev. Stephen Cliapin,
D.D. Removing to Charlottesville, V'a., he sup-
plied the Baptist church in that place for some
months, after which he opened a seminary for
young ladies, in 1845, wliich he conducted with
much successduring eiglit years. He then removed

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, 1 V T .ni

MISfilONARY

801

MISSiaSlFPI

to Washington, 1). V., wlioi'e lie siiccoeJed tlio Rev.
R. W. CuNhnnin, D.D., as prinoipiil of a youiip;
ladies' seliool. After fouryoai's' labor in this field,
ho felt it to be bis duty to i-elinr|iiish toaubirig and
give biniself wholly to the work of the ministry, j
Accordingly he became pastor of the First Baptist
ehureh in Oaniden, N. J., rcinaining'a year, and
removed, in 18511, to Lewisbnrg, Pa., where be took
charge of the )5a|)tist eluireb, continuing pastor
until 1800. During his pastorate in Lewisburg, he
acted as Professor of Greek in the university at
that place, while the president was absent com-
pleting the endowment fund. Owing to a bronchial
disease contracted mainly by exposure during the
war, he removed to Washington, I). C, wliere be
entered into government employ in February, 1807.
Mr. Mirick Ims iVe(iuentIy contributed to our re-
ligious newspapers and periodicals ; was the AVash-
ington editor of the True Union, Baltimore ; and
has conlribntad to the Ucliijujas Herald Expositions
of the International Sunday-Scluiol Lessons for the
past seven years. The same Kxpositions have also
been furnished for the Index and lla/ilia/., of At-
lanta, Ga. During bis residence in Washington,
Mr. Mirick lias been c(uite active in promoting
Sunday-school interests and in supplying cburcbes
destitute of pastors. He is now pastor of the
Metropolitan Baptist church, a body gathered and
organized under his lead, and in a part of the city
where a Baptist cburcli is greatly needed.

Missionary Union, American Baptist. — The
General Missionary Convention of the Baptist de-
nomination ill the United States of America for
Foreign .Missions, sometimes called the Triennial
Convention, was established in Philadelphia, May
18, 1814, and it continued under that name until
.1845.

The agitation produced by the slavery question
led to an amicable be|jaration of the Southern and
Northern Baptists in their foreign mission efforts,
after which, at a Convention held in the Baptist
Tabernacle, New York, on the third Wednesday of
November, 1845, the present Foreign Missionary
Society of the Northern Baptists was organized,
and it went into operation in May, 1846, under
the name of the " American Baptist Missionary
Union." The new body assumed all the indebted-
ness of its predecessor, and became heir to all its
effects. Our Southern brethren, immediately after
retiring from the General Convention, formed the
Southern Baptist Convention, an honored society,
a record of whose toils and triumphs is to be found
in another part of this work. 'J'ho Missionary
Union has bad its representatives preaching Jesus
in several (piarters of the world, and rich blessings
have descended u|ion its self-sacrilieing men and
saintly women as they have carried the tidings of
salvation to the perisiiiiig. The missions to the

Karens and Teloogoos are the most prosperous
fields of labor at this moment in the heatlion
world ; the seal of heaven rests upon them in a
more signal manner than upon any other organized
efforts uijon earth to bring pagans to Jesus. Mar-
velous success has attended the labors of our mis-
sionaries in Germany and Sweden.

The Missionary Union in 1880 bad in Burmab
88 missionaries, 448 native preachers, 4ou churches,
and 21,504 memliers.

In Assam there were 17 missionaries, 49 native
preachers, 13 churches, and 1331 members.

Among the Teloogous there were 21 missionaries,
77 native preachers, 11 churches, and 15,600 mem-
bers.

Among the Chinese there were 24 missionaries,
37 native preachers, 10 churches, and 1420 mem-
bers.

In Japan we bad 12 missionaries, 5 native preach-
ers, 2 churches, and 76 members.

lu all our Asiatic missions there were 162 mis-
sionaries, 616 native preachers, 475 churches, and
40,087 members.

In Sweden we had 150 native ministers, 298
churches, and 18,851 members.

In Germany there were 270 native ministers, 121
churches, and 25,497 members.

In France there were 12 native ministers, 9
churches, and 720 members.

In Spain there were 3 native ministers, 4 churches,
and 140 members.

In Greece there was 1 native minister and 1
church, with 7 members.

In our various foreign missions we had 162
American missionaries, 1052 native preachers and
pastors, 908 churches, and 85,308 members. In
1880 there were 8419 converts baptized. in our dif-
ferent mission stations. The income of the Mis-
sionarj' Union in that year was $290,851.63.

See separate articles on the missions just named,
and on Africa, Ass.^m ; and for foreign missions
conducted by our brethren of the South, see article
on SouTiiEKN Baptist Conve.vtion, and the Tki-

ENNIAL Co.NVENTION.

Mississippi, The Baptists of.— In 1780 a com-
pany of Baptists from South Carolina and Georgia
settled on Cole's Creek, about twenty miles south-
east of Natchez, and in the latter part of the same
year organized a church, which they called .Salem.
These consisted of Richard Curtis, Sr., and his wife,
Phebe Curtis, his stepson, John Jones, and his wife,
and his three sons, William, Benjamin, and Richard
Curtis, Jr., with their wives, together with John
Courtney, who married Hannah Curtis, and John
Stainpley, who married Phebe Curtis, Daniel Ogden
and wife, and a man named Perkins and bis wife;
Jacob Stampley, the brother of John, and James
Cole, who married Jemima Curtis, probably accom-

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.i)

MISSTSSIPPf

802

MfSSISSIPPI

panieJ tliem. Most of tlieso wei'o oliurdi members,
llicluirii Curtis, Jr., was a lioeiisod pruuclitir, and
Juliii and Ja(;ob Staiiipley both bucamu iiiinistors
afterwards. Upon tlio orjjanization of tho cburch
Ilicliard Curtis, Jr., was chosen pastor. His labors
were greatly blessed, and in a short time sinners
were convcrtod and desired liaplisni. As Mr. Cur-
tis was only a licentiate some perplexity arose al)0ut
the propriety of bis administorinj; tlie ordinanee.
15ut it was very properly decided that Curtis, under
the authority of the elnirch, inij^ht lawfully Ijaptize
'hi'iii. Anions the converts bajitized was a Spanisii
'athdlic nauied Stcpben do Alvo, who publicly re-
nounced Catholicism. This jiireatly incensed the
Catholics, but as yet they had no power to punish
the oli'ense. At this time the country was nomi-
nally under the f^overnment of Great Britain, but at
the peace of 1T''^3 tlio territory passed for a time
into the hands of the Spanisii.

I'eople continued to come into the country, and
among thcni some Baptists. William Chaney, a
Baptist deacon, and bis son, Bailey K. Chaney, a
licensed preacher, came from South Carolina.
There came also one llarij;;ail from Georj;ia, and also
Barton Ilannon and William Owen, all of whom
were, or became, Ba|itist preachers. llarigail
proveil to be a man of more zeal than discretion,
and proceeded to denounce the Catholics in un-
measured terms. Tiiis, together with the conver-
sion and active labors of De Alvo, who had be-
come a deacon, incensed them, and they determined
to niako an example of some of the leaders. Wil-
liam Ifamberlin, Richard (kirtis, -h-., and Stephen
de Alvo were selected as tbechicf offenders. This
was about 17i*ii or 1794. A letter was written by
Oayoso, the S|)anish commandant, to Curtis, expos-
tulating with him upon his course. To this Curtis
replied bluntly, and an order for bis arrest was is-
sued, and he was brought before Oayoso, April 6,
17yy. After threatening to send Curtis, Ilamber-
lin, and Ue Alvo to work in the mines of Mexico,
"they were discharged, with an injunction not to
offend again. An edict was also issued that " if
nine persons were found worshiping together,
except according to the forms of the Catholic
Church, they should sulfer imprisonment." l>ut
tiie church continued to meet privately fir wor-
ship," and Mr. Curtis ofliciatod publiuly in a mar-
riage ceremony in 1795. This was considered a
violation of the law, and an attempt was made to
arri'st him, but be made good his escajie. in com-
pany with llamberlin and De Alvo, and they made
their way on horseliack across the country to South
Carolina, where they arrived in the fall of 1795.
A number of others were also persecuted. At tho
end of two years and a half Curtis returned, having
been ordained during his stay in South (Jarolina.
The country having passed into the hands of the

United States, the Baptists henceforward had rest,
and prospered greatly. In 1798 an arm of Salem
church WHS extended into Williamson County, and
" the Baptist church on Bull'aloe" was constituted.
Another cluirch was formed in the same county
in 1800, called (,lood Hope, and two in Amite
County, Providence, in 180o, and Kbonezer in 1806.
'J'hese churches, in I8U(), united, and formed the
Mississi|)pi Baptist Association. Thomas Mercer
came into this region in 1800, and David Coofier,
a learned and pious man, in 1802. Tliey were soon
joined by a number of young ministers, who after-
wards distinguished themsi'lves in this [lart of the
State, and through whose instrumentality Baptist
sentiments were jiropagated in Mississippi and
Louisiana. The Association became an active
body, and its missionaries penetrated to the re-
motest settlements.

In 1820 the churches contiguous to Pearl River
were dismissed to form the Pearl River Association.
In the decade from 18.!0 to 1840 the churches were
torn liy internal dissensions, on account of Masonry,
missions, and Canipbellisni. In the conflict old
Salem suffered her linht to be extinguished. From
that time forward population rapidly increased, and
many able and zealous ministers entered the field,
and Baptist sentiments took a dee|i liold upon tiie
people.

In 1880 there were in Mississippi 59 Baptist As-
sociations, 1537 clmrches, 831 ordained ministers,
and 122,369 members.

Mississippi Baptist, a religious paper, estjib-
lished by the Mississippi Baptist Convention about
1857. Previous to this it had been struggling for
existence as a private enterprise. Under the pa-
tronage of the Convention a new life was infused
into the paper. Rev. J. T\ Freeman, an able writer
and an editor of expm'ience, was secured to take
charge of it. It was removed to Jackson, the cap-
ital of the State, and under the management of
Mr. Freeman it was winning a fine success, when
it wa.s sus|icnded by the events of the war.

Mississippi Baptist Convention. — This body
was organized in 1SIj9. Its oliject has been to' fos-
ter a missionary and educational spirit. As tlie
fruit, a numberof missionaries are lalioring in for-
eign fields, and one of the best colleges in the South
has been built up.

The olliccrs elected in 1880 were Col. AV. 11.
Hardy, of Meridian, President; A. J. Miller, Port
Gibson, Itecording Secretary ; J. T. Buck, Jackson,
Corresponding Secretary ; W. T. Katcliff, Treasurer.
The Convention, through its Board of Ministerial
Education, contributed $800 to aid tiiirty minis-
terial students, and contributed §6000 to support
twenty missionaries, three district evangelists, and
one State evangelist. Eastern Louisiana and New
Orleans are embraced in their fiidd.

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MISSTSSIFPI

803

Mlii.SOUJil

Mississippi Baptist Record is published under
the patrona^u of tlie Mississijipi Baptist Cunveii-
tion. It was started in 1870 to prumotu the work
of tho State Convention, and J. 15. Ganibrell, for-
merly pastor at Oxford, was selected as editor. It
was at first issued at Clinton, but subsequently re-
moved to Jackson. Its eireulatiun is full of en-
couragement.

Mississippi College, located at Clinton, Hinds
Co., Miss., was chartered as Ilemfistead Academy
in ]8l'(). In 1S27 tlie name was changed to .Mis-
-issippi Academy, by an act of the Legislature
authorizing the board of trustees to raise by lottery
$25,00(1. The rents of thirty-six sections of the
school land, donated by tho United States to the
State, were given to the academy for four years.
In 1830 the name; was changed to Mississippi Col-
lege, and in 1812 it was transferred to the Presby-
terians, anil remaineil under their control until
1S.50, when it was again surrendered to the people.
The Uaptist State Convention met that year in tho
city of Jackson, when the college was offered to the
Bajitists, and accepted by them. An agent was
placed in the field, and by 1800 a easli endowment
of .S 100,0(10 was raised, with $30,000 more pledged,
and buildings costing $20,I)(I0 erected. Unfortu-
nately the whole endownieiit was lost by the war,
and the college suspended. In 1807, i>r. Walter
llillnjan found it disorganized, with a mortgage
of $10,000 resting upon it, and only eleven students
in attendance. At the end of his administration, in
1873, the debts had all been paid, the building thor-
oughl)' repaired, $40,000 towards an endowment
raised, a faculty of eight jirofessors engaged, and
190 students in attendance. He was succeeded by
W. S. Webb, ll.lJll, under whom the institution has
continued to prosper until the present time. From
20 to 30 young ministers have been educated an-
nually for some time, many of whom arc now fill-
ing the most prominent jiulpits in ^Mississippi,
Louisiana, and Arkansas; 191 students were in
attendance during the term ending in June. 1880.

Mississippi General Association.— This body
operates in the eastern part of the State of Missis-
sippi, and was organized some years ago in oppo-
sition to the State Convention, lint it is believed
that a better state of feeling is beginning to prevail,
and the two Ijodies now seem to he co-operating.
The jealousies out of which the division grew are
passing away, and the day of entire unification is
not far distant. The work of the Association is
missionary. A long neglected tribe of Indians in
their bounds is receiving special attention, and a
cmiverted Indian is cin|iloycd to preach to them.
We have not received the data to be aide to state
particulars of their work.

Missouri Baptist General Association. — In

the year 1833 an infonrial anil snuiU meeting of

Baptists was held in the town of Columbia, Mo., to
devise ways and means for further promoting Chris-
tianity in that State. The anti-mission spirit then
ruled the Baptist churches of that region, and tho
few who possessed the jirogressive spirit of tho
gospel hibored under great disadvantages in all
efforts and plans fur the spread of divine truth.
They were met at every step by the violent and
almost virulent opposition of anti-mission brethren.

The meeting at Columbia was composed of Ebe-
nezer llogers, 'J'hos. I'ristoe, Roland Hughes, Jo-
soph Iluglies, Tilman Bell, and Wm. Mansfield.
These men of God resolved to secure the services
of some good minister of tho gospel to do mission-
ary work in the central counties of the State.
They contributed of their own limited resources
the sum of $001) for the remuneration of tho men
who might be secured for the work. Kev. Wm.
Mansfield was selected to correspond with suitable
persons until a missionary should be obtained. He
wrote to Anderson AVoods and Wm. Duncan, both
of whom responded favorably to the call. The
duty of making arrangements for the proposed
mission work was intrusted to Mr. Mansfield. lie
attended a meeting of the Mount Pleasant Associ-
ation for the purpose ami in the hope of securing
some co-operation. At that meeting he was in-
formed by anti-mission Baptists that if he went on
the " stand" he shouhl be forcibly ejected from it.
At a convenient time in the progress of the meeting
he took a position near the stand and read aloud a
list of appointments for AVoods and Duncan, and
then (|uietly gave a statement of the reasons why
he was not on the stand. Mr. Mansfield was a
good man, a plain, earnest, and effective preacher,
who supported a large family by successful farming.
Woods and Duncan were preachers of no mean
ability, and while the work they did under Mans-
field's arrangements was much o)jpose(l, it was
greatly blessed in the conversion of souls and in
awakening the spirit of missions.

As a result of this effort a meeting was held at
Providence church, in Calloway County, in 1834,
to effect a permanent organization for doing mis-
sion work. The anti-mission spirit was still rife.
In this year the churches and Associations were
much troubled with contentions and divisions. At
tho Providence meeting, Thos. Pristoe, I'lbonezer
Rogers, Wm. Suggett, Noah Flood, and others were
present. The meeting adopted jireliminary meas-
ures for the permanent organization of the Bajitist
Central Society. This organization was completed
the subsequent year. Out of the Central Society
grew the proscuit Missouri Baptist General Associ-
ation, which held its forty-third annual session in
October, 1879.

The objects of the (ieneral Association are to
promote the preaching of the gosjiel and the spread

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MISSOUJi'I

804

MISSOURI

of divine trutli in tlie .Stiiic. For tlie attainment
of tliese oljji-'cts tlie constitution provides mission
worlv, CliriHtian education, and tlie circulation of
religious literature.

A mission board of seventeen inemljers and a
correspondinj; secretary have the maniigement of
tlie missionary dcpartini-nt. The' lioard endeavors
to develop and ('iilarge the spirit of progress and
beuelicence, procure the preaching of the gospel to
the destitute, and help weak churches to become
self-sustaining. This work has contributed largely
to milking the Baptist lienomination the largest and
most iiitliiential in tlie State. From $30(->0 to $5000
are annually expended by the board in State mis-
sion work. The local Associations expend about
the same sum in their missionary efforts.

William Jewell College — a history of which is
given in another part of this work — is an outgrowth
of the progressive spirit of the (jleneral Association,
and is provided for by its constitution. Stephens
College, for the education of young ladies, i.s like-
wise organically recognized. At each session of
the Association a report is heard from a standing
committee on schools and colleges, in which the
condition of Baptist institutions of education within
the State is made known. Of such institutions
there are nine in number, each doing a good work.

The Association at each session hears a report
on denominational publications, and seeks to en-
courage religious literature as a means of spreading
divine truth. The American Baptist Pul)lication
Society receives encouragement, and Baptist jour-
nals in the State in harmony with the |)urposes and
plans of the Associatiiui, receive a hearty moral
support. At this writing (ISSO) The Central Bap-
iint, an able weekly journal, conducted by Kev.
Wm. Ferguson, an<l Funl s Chrislian licposituri/,
edited by Rev. Dr. and Mrs. S. II. Ford, an excel-
lent magazine of long standing, both published in
the city of St. Louis, are indorsed and commended.

All along the history of thi.s organization down
to the present time its records are adorned by the
names of the best men of the denomination in and
out of the ministry. Of ministers who have gone
to their reward are such names as Wm. Suggett,
Wm. Thompson, D.D., Thos. Fristoe, I. T. Ilinton,
'James E. Welch, S. W. Lynd, D.D., Noah Flood,
J. B. Jeter, D.D., X. X. Buckner, AVm. Crowell,
D.D., Y. R. Pittz, Jerry Vardeman, and A. P. Wil-
liams, D.D. Of deceased laymen there are such
men as Judge R. E. JIcDaniel, lions. Wade Jack-
son, David Hickman, Wm. Carson, I\Iarshal Broth-
erton, Jos. Flood, and Wm. Jewell, M.D., D. L.
Shouse, Wm. McPherson, and others, the presence
of any of whom would have adorned the most hon-
orable assembly on earth.

The cliief living Baptists of llio State, ministers
and laymen, and honorable women not a few, are

now the active friends and hearty supporters of the
Ueneral Associaticjii, which is, no doubt, the organ-
ization through which the power and usefulness of
an inlluential denomination in a great State are to
reach their highest and broadest development.

Missouri, Baptist Sunday-Schools in.— The

Missouri Baptist Sunday-School (Convention was
organized in August, iJStJS. Kev. S. W. Marston,
D.D., served as the secretary during the first five
years.

The following table will show how he found
Sunday-school work in Missouri, and how it has
increased for eleven years :

L,

Yenr. iS.g'S-g ||

1808...
1809..,
1S70 ..
1871...
1872...
1873...
1874...
1870...
1876...
1877..
1878...
1879...
18SU...

45

62,996

11G0[ 846

1210; !

1212 WM'
12641 700!
1274' 7oO!

67,089
67,501
71,717
74,274
76,072
78,144

00 1328 802! 79,640

OC 1:181 823

88,491

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a

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1

1

3494

74
430

4,091

10,414

764

5873

4,216

2,.oJ7

806

6247

1,798

810

6250

450

3(J76

820

6300

l-i BO

25,781
44,871

48,261
49,260

41,173
6il,000

There were about 5937 church members working
in the schools during l.'S79, and 4t'p05 conversions
among the scholars. The libraries comprise 2fj,000
volumes. The churciies e.xpended on their own
schools, in 1879, 1?9997 ; for organs and other ob-
jects, S7ti87 I for State Bible-school work, SlO'iS.Oti.

In 1873 about two-thirds of all the district Asso-
ciations had within them organized Sunday-school
Conventions.

The Rev. M. L. Laws is the able corresponding
socretai'y of the society at this time, upon whose
noble work so rich a blessing has descended.

Missouri Baptists, Sketch of.— The first

Christians of any denomination, save Catholic,
that ever set foot upon the soil of Upper Louisiana,
now the State of Missouri, were Baptists. So far as
we have been able to h'arn, Thomas Bull, his wife,
and her iiiolher, Mrs. Lee, were the first to come.
They settled in Cape Girardeau County in 1795.
The following year t-liey were joined by Enos Ran-
dall and wife, and Mrs. Aberriathy. At that time
Missouri was under the dominion of Spain, and the
Roman Catholic was the established church. In
1799, Rev. Thomas Johnson, of Georgia, visited
these pioneers, preached the gospel to them and
their neighbors, and baptized one woman. This
was the first administration of liaptism west of the
great river, and Elder Johnsun was tlie first Baptist
minister of the regular order who ever visited the
Territory.

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MlSSUUlil

805

MISSOURI

Rev. David Green rciiioveJ from Kontucky iiiiJ
settled in Cape Girardeau County in 1805, and
coniinenced at once to gather together the Baptists.
lie organized, in 1805, the Tywappity Baptist
cliureh, in Scott Cunnty, of eight or ten members.
For want of succor it soon became defunct, but was
reorganized in ISdO. The Bethel clnirch was Iho
lirst permanent clnirch organization in the State.
It was formed with (ifteen members, July 19, 1800,
near the town of Jackson, Ca|]e Girardeau Co.
Elder Green was the first pastor of these churches.
For some years thoJJcthel church was an aggres-
sive missionary body, and greatly prospered. It
afterwards opposed missions, and as a consequence
withered, and finally died. From it sprang, directly
or indirectly, all the churches that formed tlie first
Association. Five other churches originated prior
to the date next to be mentioned, and together with
the two first named, met at the Bethel meeting-
house, near Jackson, on the last Saturday in Sep-
tcmljer, IXKi, and organized the Ik'thel Associa-
tion, the iirst in the Territory. The constituent
churches were I5ethel, Tywapfiity, Providence,
Barren, St. Frani;oi.s, Bellview, and Dry Creek.
The ministers i)resent were Henry Cockerham,
Juhn Farrar, Wm. Street, and James I'. Edwards.
Bethel Association adopted the ap|)ellation of
" United Baptists."

In 1796 and 1797 a number of Baptist famili(!3
removed from North Carolina, South Carolina, and
Kentucky, mostof whom settled in the present limits
of St. Louis County. Among them we notice the
names of Aliraham and Sarah Musick, .Jane Sullens,
Sarah Williams, and H. Richardson and wife. They
came in the face of Catholic restriction. The law
said, " Liberty of conscience is not to lie allowed
beyond tiie first g^ieration ; the chihlri!n of emi-
grants niit»t he Catholics." And further, " No
preacher of any religion but the Catholic must
come into .the province." John Clark, a Baptist
in sentiment, though not a member, and Thomas
R. Musick visited and preached in Missouri in these
times of proscription. Clark's first trip was made
in 1798 ; Musick's not long after. Clark was, we
presume, the first Protestant minister that ever
preached the gospel west of the Mississippi River.
Musick settled in the St. Louis district in 1803
or 1804, — the first minister other than Catholic
to locate in the Territory. He organized the Fee
Fee church, the first in St. Louis County, in 1807,
of eighteen members, and became its pastor. T'his
is now the oldest church in the State. Cold Water,
the next church in the county, was organized by
_MuHick in 1809.

In November, 1817, at the house of Thomas U.
Musick; the Missouri (now St. Louis) Association
was formed with the following as constituent
i:hurches, viz.: Fee Fee, Cold AV^atcr, JJoeul', and

Negro Fork, in St. Louis County ; and Femme
Osage, St. Charles County, and Upper .Cuiver in
Lincoln County ; the aggregate membership of
which was 142.

In the a\itumn of'1817. Revs. John M. Peck and
James E. Welch, missionaries of the Baptist Gen-
eral Convention, arrived in St. Louis, then a little
French village on the west bank of the Mississijipi
River. St. Louis is now the fourth city in the
Union, extending some fifteen miles up and down
the river, with a breadth of four to three miles.
Messrs. Peck and Welch organized the First Bap-
tist church of St. Louis, Feb. 8, 1818, with a mem-
bership of eleven persons.

IMingled with the tide of emigration westward
we find Baptists. Nineteen persons formed a Bap-
tist church near Loutre Island, in iMontgomery
County, in 1810. Joseph Baker was their pastor.
The war of 1812-15 soon afterwards broke out,
and most of the membership took refuge in the
forts of Howard County. Mount Pleasant church
was the first in the upper county. It was organ-
ized by Revs. Wm. Thorp and Ihivid McLain, near
old Franklin, Howard Co. Few meetings for busi-
ness were held during the war. Thorp and Mc-
Lain preacheii to the people in the forts. When
the war was over the jieople began again to hold
mt^etings. The Jlount Pleasant As.-.ociation was
formed July 25, 1818, at the old Mount Pleasant
meeting-house. The constituent churches were
-Mount Pleasant, Concord, Cooper Co., organized
May, 1817 ; Bethel, Boone Co., formed June, 1817 ;
and Mount Zion and Salem ; their aggregate mem-
bership was 161. Ministers present, David McLain,
Wm. Tliorji, Luke Williams, Edward Turner, and
Colden Williams. In less than live years this as-
sociational community Inid extended its limits as
far west as Claj' and Lafayette Counties, and an
average of twenty-five miles on either side of the
Missouri River. At its meeting in 1823 it divided
its territory, and formed the Fishing River Associa-
tion, in Clay County, and Concord Association, in
Cooper County, in the autumn of that year. Seven
churches and six ministers were set off to organize
the former, and seven churches to the latter. This
left Mount Pleasant ivith seventeen churches. In
1827 the Mount Pleasant Association again divided
for convenience, and tin; formation of the Salem
Association the same year was the result. The
new Association took thirteen churches, with 513
members, leaving the ohl Association with sixteen
churches and 734 members.

The Cuivre Association was formed in 1822, of
eluirchea in St. Charles, Lincoln, and Warren
Counties, eight in number, nuist or all of which
had been dismissed from the Missouri Association
for the purpos('.

The gospel was early preached in Pike County

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.MISSOURI

SOIj

MISSOURI

by Leruy Jiickson, J. JM. I'eck, and J)iivis Bii;gs.
Cliui'clies wore oi'gaiii^ci'd as Ibllowt) : llaiiisey's
Crock, prior to 18IS ; Pciio, Doc. 25, 1819; Stout's
SettleinL'iit (mow New l[o|ie) Lincoln Co., in 1S2I.
On the 23d of An,i;ust, lcS23, the three churches
last named, together with IJi'Lhlehrni, New London,
and IJcer Creek, met on liig I'eno'arid organized
the Salt River IJaptist Association, hi hS.'U this
body sent out a colony ol' fourteen churches, and
formed the liethel Association, at Bethel iiieeting-
liuuse, JIarion Co., the aggregate membership of
which was 58'J. By churches gathered mainly by
Elders Lewis and James Williams, situated mostly
in Franklin, AVashington, and .lell'crsoii Counties,
the Franklin Association was organized in 1832, nt
the house of J. C. Duckworth.

The Cape Girardeau Association, a daughter of
the Bethel, was organized in 1824, at Hebron
church.

AVe now ])ass to Western Missouri. In 1834 the
Fishing River Association embraced all the churches
west of a line indicated Ijy Grand River. This year
it was divided, the Missouri River being made the
line, and the ten cluirches south of the river met
in the following October at Little Snibar and or-
ganized the Blue River Association. Their total
membership was 384.

The twelve Associations now named embraced,
in 1834, nearly 200 churches, with a niembersliip
of some 7000, scattered over a vast extent of
country from St, Genevieve County on the south
to Lewis County on the north, from two to three
counties deep west of the .Mississippi River ; and
on either side of the Slis'souri River one to three
counties deep, from the eastern to the western
boundary of the State.

The General Association for missionary purposes
was organized in 183o. This was made the occasion
of a fierce and strong war upon Ijoards and benev-
olent institutions >)y the anti-missionary piarty.

In the contest on missions in Missouri the anti-
missionaries refused absolutely to fellowship under
any circumstances those who favored the mission-
ary enterprise. At the time of the division the
regulars numbered over 5000, and the anti-mis-
sionaries upwards of 3000. The present strength
of the former in the State is 90,000, and of the
latter about 6000. (See article on Missouiti Bap-
tist Gener.m. Association.)

The Miss6uri Baptists are warm friends of edu-
cation.

IN.STITUTIONS OB' LEARNING.
William Jewell Callege, with its school of theol-
ogy, is located at Liberty. Founded by the General
Association ; chartered February, 1849, and opened
about one year after.. This is the State denomina-
tional school for young men.

Stephens Cullef/e, for females, is at Columbia. It

was established in 1856 as a "Baptist Female Col-
lege ;" chartered in 1857 ; adopted by the General
Association in 1870. R. P. Rider, President.

Miiuiil Pleasant College, a mixed school, is located
at lluntsville. A. S. Worrall, D.D., President.

La Graiii/e CnUeije, at La (i range, is for male and
fenialo students. J. F. Cook, LL.D., President.

Lcxinijhin Bnplist Female ('uUeije is located at
Le.xingtnn. President, Jno. F. l^anneau.

St. Joseph Female College, at St. Joseph. E. S.
Dulin, President.

llanlin College, located at Mexico ; female. Mrs.
P. A. Baird, President.

Grand River College, at Edinburg. The presi-
dent is T. II. Storts.

South- West Baptist College, located at Bolivar.
J. IJ. Maupin, President.

These are the Baptist institutions of learning of
this State, the most or all of which arc doing a
noble work.

NE\VS?APER.S.

The first Baptist newspaper published in Mis-
souri was issued in 1842 under the auspices of the
General Association, called the Missouri Baptist.
I. T. llinton and R. S. Thomas were editors. It
was abandoned in 1844, and in 1848 it was suc-
ceeded by the Western Watchman. Another Mis-
sonri Baptist was established by the Missouri Bap-
tist Publication Society in I860, edited by S. II.
Ford. Botli the last-named pajiers were suspended
early in the war. In 1805, John Hill Luther com-
menced the |iublication, at Palmyra, of the Mis-
souri Baptist Journal, which was recognized as the
" State paper" by the General Association in 1806.
This is now the Central Baptist, publislied at St.
Louis, by Wm. Ferguson. In 1875, Dr. I). B. Ray
established the Baptist Battle-Flag, now the Bap-
tist Flag, devoted to church history and jjolemic
theology. It was first issued from La Grange, but
was subsequently removed to St. Louis. And last,
Ford's Christian Repiusitory, a monthly, is pub-
lished-at St. Louis, and edited by S. II. Ford,
LL.D., and Mrs. S. R. Ford.

The Ba]jtists of Missouri have an important po-
sition in this great central State, and are wielding
a potent influence for good in the evangelical and
educational enterprises of the West.

Baptist Progress in Missoxiri by Decades,

Diite.

Number uf
AbsociatioiiB.

Numljer of
Cliurcliea.

Kiilnber of
Ministers.

Nuinlier of

CoillIliUIii-
CUtltfJ.

noG

1

8

18

31
37
Ijo

70

2
14

ill
231)
410
,53'.l
7411
12S4
14 111

1_M1

an

432
»42

12

M

Isir,

42li

2,yH4

is;ii;

iH^ii;

S,723
111,1.07

ISfilj

31,.'.:»S

l8i;o

44,K77

IhSII

9;,,UI17

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MISSOURI

807

MlSSOUh'I

Missouri, Central Baptist of.— 'I'lie first nuin-
ber of the M/.tsntii-i Jiajitlst Journal was issued
Jan. 1, 18GG, ill I'aliiiyra, Mo., as the acknowlcdgeil
origin of the General Association. About a yi'ui-
later the Baplist Ilccurd made its apfiearance in
St. Louis, und(M' the editorial conduct of llov. A.
A. Kendriek, D.D. In ISGS lliese-two papers were
eoMsolidated, and the name of the; Cvjdnil Jidp/ist
was given to the journal, whose chief aim was to
unite tlie Baptists of Missouri on a common plat-
form of doctrinal truth, missionary effort, and edu-
cational interest.

The result of the consolidation was most gratify-
ing. Tlic circulation of the Ceulral linjilist soon
reached 8000. Its conciliatory spirit, sturdy de-
I'ense of our distinctive prinei]iles, and the literary
ability of its contrilnUors, representing every sec-
tion of our country, won for it the confidence of
Missourians and the respect of Baptists throughout
the land. Its [irincipal editors have been success-
ively Dr. J. H. Luther, Dr. ^V^ Pope Yeauum, and
Ilev. AV. Ferguson, aided at dilferent periods by
Uev. Nuruian Fox, President A. A. Kendriek, and
Ucv. .J. (J. Armstrong.

The aim of the managers of the Ccniral Ikqiti-it
has always been to establish for the valley of tlie
Missouri a journal of conservative character, main-
taining in its editorial conduct pronounced views
on every question relating to evangelical religion,
and encouraging a spirit of free inquiry in the min-
istry and among the masses. The enlightiined and
working element of the denomination has recog-
nized it as a necessity in the region of which tit.
Louis is the centre, and has generously supjiorted
it as one of tlie permanent agencies in the further-
ance of the grand mission intrusted to us as a peo-
ple. It has an honorable record, with the promise
of a brilliant future.

Rev. Will. Ferguson, the present proprietor and
managing editor of the Central Baptist, was born
in Saline Co., .Mo., July 15, 184.5. In early life he
found the Saviour, and, being impressed with the
duty of preaching the gospel, in lSt')8 he gave up
tlie study of law and entered William Jewell Col-
lege, at Liberty, Mo., to prepare for the ministry.
Here, from the very start, he took the first place
in his classes, and secured the abiding love and
respect of his instructors and fellow-students. On
his graduation, in 1873, ho was united in mar-
riage to Miss Florence M. Chandler, of Liberty,
and assumed the pastorate of tlie Baptist cluircli at
Fulton, Mo. After one year of successfifl labor he
was elected to the responsible position of financial
agent of the Missouri Baptist Ministerial Education
Society, and of AV'^illiam Jewell College, wliich po-
sition ho held with great acceptance and success
until January, 1877, when he ]iiirchascd a )iart-
nership interest with Uev. W. P. Yeaman, l>.ll., in

the Central Jlnptisf, of which, in 1878, he became
sole jiroprietor. Lender his management of rare
tact and ability the paper has been lifted out of
financial embarrassments and placed within the

REV. WILLIAM, FERGUSON.

first rank of dcnominiitional exponents. lie pos-
sesses many qualifications whirli mark the born
journalist. To a widl-balaneed mind, holding de-
cided convictions, and exercising a positiveness in
their maintenance, he joins a heart of keen sensi-
bilities and broad .sympathies, which enable him to
weigh and deal fairly with all the questions which
interest the church and humanity. These quali-
ties, combined with unassuming modesty and ge-
niality, secure the respect, esteem, and love of all
who know him.

Missouri, Colored Baptists of, are a signifi-
cant force. They have a State Convention and six
district Associations, and claim 30,0(K) members,
with 300 ministers. Among the leaders now living
are W. W. Brooks, W. T. Jones, Thos. Jefferson,
John Marshall, Henry Burton, L. T. Vealman,
Samson Lewis, Hardin Smith, and Daniel Sawyer,
men of piety and hilluence. ,Someof their churches
have a thousand members. Four of their ministers
have sketches in this work.

Missouri, Southwest, Baptist Colleg-e of, is
located at Bolivar, Southwest iMissouri, and was
founded by the Southwest Baptist Convention.
It opened at Lebanon, Sept. 17, 1878. Rev. J. R.
Maupin, A.M., a graduate of Lagrange College,
Mo., is its first president. He was chosen for fwu
years. The curriculum of the institution com-

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MITCIIKL

SOS

MirCllKLL

pares favoi-aliiy witli other collegea. It liiis u three
years' pruparatury course anJ a four years' eolloi;!-
ate. 'I'lie I'aeiilty is composed of ten ahle instruc-
tors. 'I'he charter of the college was j^ranteil March
I'J, 1S7'J. It is <]ne ol' the most lilioriil in ihe State.
'I'lie school is open to male iinil I'ouiale stuilcnts.
due hunilred ami thirty-niue stuiion'ts uttcnilcil the
first year. A large number ol' stuilentiM have Ijecn
convertcJ the past year. The college has a new
and lieautiful building and si.'c acres of ground,
iicv. N. 'I'. Allison is jirincipal (jf tin; preparatory
ih:partmeut.

Mitchel, Rev. George, was born in England,
Sept. 5, lS2i). lie was converted and bajitizcd
in LS3S. lie studied at IFurton (!ollcge, in lira<l-
ford, lOngland, and in Edinburgh University, Scot-
land. Jle was ordained in lOnglan.l in July, 1847,
and became pastor of the Baptist church at Ilors-
forth, England, where ho lal)ored four' years, and
three at Irwcll, Terraco chapel, Bacup. lie came
to America in ISfio ; had charge of the church at
Beverly, N. J., for three years ; was pastor of the
Fourth .I5aptist church of St. Louis, Mo., for two
years, in which he Iniilt tlio present house of wor-
ship ; the uhurch prospered under his ministry.
Til 18G0 he becanin pastor at licbanon. During
the war he practised medicine and preached Christ.
After the war he organized churches in .Southwest
Missouri, lie was pastor at liolivar, Mo. In
1874 he went to C'alifurnia, and returned soon after
to Kansas, and pveaehed at Hiawatha for two years
with success, — a stroke of palsy closed his labors
there- He returned to Uidivar, Mo., and bore his
utUiction with patience. He died May 27, 1879.

In both his )iastorates in England he was popu-
lar and uselul, and in this country his labors were
successful.

Mitchell, Rev. Edward, was liom in the islam)
of Martini(|ue in 17'Jl. He folh)wed the sea in his
early life, but having been hnpefully converted and
bapti/.cd by Itev. Dr. .Staughtoii, his attention was
at once turned to the Christian ministry. He en-
tered D.ii-tnuMith College, and graduated with honor
in 1828. .Soon after leaving college ho was called
to become pastor of the Baptist church in Burke,
Vt. In 1834 ho became pastor of the eliurch in
]i;Uon, Canada East, wliore he remained until I83S,
when be was callcMl to the church in \V^est Ilatley,
Canada East, where he continued until his dealli,
which occurred March 3\, 1872. "He was ri;-
garded as the nujsi prufounil theologian ever settled
in the section in whiidi he passed ho many years
of his useful life."

Mitcliell, Edward C, D.D., was born at East
liridgewater, .Mass., Si;pt. 20, 1829. His early re-
ligious training was of Iho Unitarian type, \V'liile
a sliulent in Waterville (,'ollege. Me., he was immi-
verted, and bccanu; a member of ii Ua|itist church.

He was graduated in 1840. He entered Newton
'I'heijogieal Seminary, and was graduated in 1853.
Ho was lirst settled as pastor in Calais, Me., where
he w'as (u-dained in I8f)4. jVfter three years ho re-
moved to Kockford, 111., wliero he founded the State
Street Baptist church, and I'einaiiuiil the pastor for
live years. In 181)2 he was appointed l'role3S(M'
of Biblical Interpretation in the theijlogical de-
partment of Shurtlen' College, in Illinois, which
|)ositioii he 'filled during seven years. In 1870
he was elected to the professorship of Hebrew
and Old 'restament Literature in the liaptist Union
'riieological Seminary, Chicago. He tilled this
chair eight years, 'riien he accepted an appoint-
ment to the professorship of Kiblical Interpreta-
tion in Regent's Park Baptist College, in London,
England. He then hecairie the president of the Bap-
tist 'I'heological School of Paris, France. Ho is
the author of "The Critical Hand-Book, a Guide
to the Stuily of the Authenticity, the Canon, and
the Text of the Greek New Testament," also "Ce-
senius's Hebrew (jranimar, Translated by Davis,
thoroughly Itevised and lilnlarged." He is a line
scholar, and eminently successful in the line ol'
labor to which he has devoted his life.

Mitchell, John, D.D. — This gentleman, known
as " the beloved disciple," was horn in liertie (,Iu.,
N. C, in 182'J; profc'ssod liiith in Christ at Wake
Forest College in 1851 ; graduated in 18.')2; studied
thcolog3' at Greenville, S. G. ; was agent for the
endowment of Wake Forest College in lii^i&-!)7 ;
was pastor at Ilillsborongh and Greenshorough ;
settled as pastor in Chowan Association afti^r the
war; took charge of the Asheville church in 1875 ;
returned to Murfrcesborough in 1879, where ho
now resides. Dr. IMitchell is a trustee of Wake
Forest, and also of Chowan Female Institute, and
was made a D.D. by Iiia alma -nialer in 187t).

Mitchell, Rev. J. F., a leading minister in
Spring lUver Association, Ark., was born in North
Carolina in 1823. He subsequently removed to
(Jeorgia, where ho hcgan to preach in 185.'1 Ho
spent live years preaching in that State, and just at
the eoinniencemeiit of the civil war he was called to
the pastorate at Jacksonville, Florida, but owing to
the disturbed state of the country he removed to
Tccas, where he remained until after the war. His
labors wore greatly blessed in that State. After
laboring in Te.>:as live years, he removed to Benton
Co., Ark., where he has Iweu an active co-worker
with Jasper Diinegan. He lias ba|)tizcd during
his ministry (il5 persons.

Mitchell, Rev. S. H., was bom in Washington
Co., Ind., Feb. 20, 1.^30. He removed to luwa in
1855. Ho was baptized at Oskaloosa in 1859. At
the time of his baptism he lo(dted upon teaching as
his probable life-wcjrk. In ISlJli he was licensed 10
preach, and nut long alter he was c)nlaini;il. In

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MIZE

809

MONROE

1S03 he Wiis ap|iuiiited general missionary and
financial agent of tlie Iowa Baptist State Conven-
tion, and continued in this position till October,
1869. During this period lie traveled 30,000 miles
over the State, 25,000 of which were by horseback
and buggy. It was a time of great activity and
growth in tlie Convention work, as is aliown liy the
increased number of missionaries em|iloyed, and
the amount of funds collected. In 1802 there were
only six missionaries employed, and less tlian ?1000
collected. In 1SIJ8 there were thirty, and nearly
§0500 were collected.

Jan. I, 187t.i, Mr. Alitchcll settled as pastor at
Ames, Iowa, and remained five years, doing a good
work, hots were purchased, and a substantial
meeting-house built. During 1875 ho labored as
financial agent for the University of Des Moines.
In February, 1870, he became pastor at Shell Uoek,
Iowa, and in July, IiS77, began his ministry at
Grundy Centre, Iowa, where lie still labors, having
now entered upon his fourth year of service. Tliere
are few men in Iowa so well and favorably known
among the Baptists, or whose labors have had as
wide a range or as marked effects in State missions.

Mize, Rev. T. S., was born Jan. 20, 1840, at
Carroilton, Carroll Co., III. He made a profession
of religion at the age of twelve years ; was grad-
uated at SliurtlelT College at twenty years of age ;
pursued his theological studies at llochcster, N. Y. ;
ordained at Faribault, Minn. ; settled at Clinton
. Junctiun, Wis., January, 1807, and died April 29,
1872. Great humility and modesty, and great
fidelity to Christ and the church were his crown-
ing cliaraeteristics.

Moffat, Judge John S., a well-known Baptist
layman of lliidsuii, Wis., was born on the 25tii of
November, 1814, in Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y.
His grandfather, Uev. Jolin MoHat, emigrated from
Ireland with a colony, with which also came the
Clintoift, who settled in New York. He was a
Presbyterian clergyman of fine classical and theo-
logical attainments. Judge .Molfat's parents were
Samuel and Ann (Shaw) Moll'at. They were Chris-
tians, and early in life began to instruct him in
the ])rinoiples of morality and religion ; lie received
his education in the schools of the neighljorliood.
At eighteen ho entercil the counting-room of a
merchant in Dryden, N. Y., as assistant. Here he
remained two years. At twenty he entered the
academy at Homer. Ho also studic;d at the acad-
emy at Groton.

In 1840, Mr. Jloffat entered the law-office of
Coryden Tyler, of Dryden, and, although admitted
to the bar, he engaged for several years in mercan-
tile pursuits. In 1854, Mr. Moffat came to Hud-
son, Wis., wliicli lias since been his home. U|ion
his arrival hero he obtuiniMl a |iositiiiu in the land-
oflice, which, together with the position of [jolieo

justice, he held for many years. Since January,
1870, lie has held the olfiee of county judge. He
also practises extensively in the court?, and pre-
sides over one of the largest insurance and coUect-
iny: agencies in the Northwest.

Judge Moffat is a thorougli-going Christian gen-
tleman. For many years he has been a member
of the Baptist church. In the church at Hudson
he is a deacon and Sunday-school superintendent.
He is a man of commanding inUuence, which he
devotes to the hest interests of the community
where he resides. Teiii|jcrance and pulilic virtue
and morality have in him an ardent friend. He
exemplifies these, as well as the graces of |jure re-
ligion, in his own daily life.

Jlrs. Molfat's maiden name was Nancy Ann
Bennet. She is a daughter of Phineas Bennet, a
well-known inventor of New York. They wore
married Jan. 24, 1844. Siie is in perfect accord
with Mr. MofTat in all his Christian and piiilan-
thropic labors, and an .active and influential mem-
ber of the Baptist church in Hudson.

Monroe Female College. — This institution,

situated in the village of Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga.,
was founiled in the year 1849, under the title of
Forsyth Female Collegiate Institute, Kev. E. J. G.
Thomas being the first president. A few years
afterwards Rev. Wm. C. Wilkes, a graduate of
Mercer University, was elected ])resident, and he
managed the college with great energy and success
until the close of the year J 800, except when it wa8
tempoi'arily suspended during the war. Uev. S.
G. Hillyer, a graduate of Franklin College, and
for many years a professor in Mercer University,
was its next president. Dr. Ilillyer, who is both
an excellent scholar and an eminent divine, ad-
ministered its affairs with great success until 1872,
when R. T. Asbury succeeded, only to give way in
turn to Dr. Ilillyer, in the spring of 1880.

Tiie management of this excellent college has
always been in Baptist hands, and year after year
has sent out large classes of well-educated young
ladies. In 1879 its beautiful building was con-
sumed by fire, but it is now being rebuilt in a more
handsome style. The exercises, in the meanwdiile,
are still conti.nued.

Monroe, Rev. John.— No minister in North
Carolina of any denomination is more respected
for his piety and usefulness than this venerable
man. He was born in Richmond Co., N. C, in
October, 1804. His parents emigrated from the
Highlands of Scotland in 1803. He was baptized
into tlie fellowship of the Spring Ilill Baptist church
in 1819 ; began to preach in 1825 ; lias labored ex-
tensively in t!ie counties of Anson, Richmond, and.
Robeson, N. C, and Marlborough, S. C, and during
the fifty-live years of his ministry lie has Ijoen pas-
tor of the Spring Hill church. For twenty years

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MONROE

810

MONTAGUE

he WHS iiioilerator of the Poclee Baptist Associa-
tion, anil would still lill that |ilaco did the inliniii-
ties 1)1" aiic! jieniiit.

Monroe, Rev. William Y., was bovn in Old-
haia Co., Ky., ,V|.iril I!, 1821 ; removed Avith his
father to Seott Co., Ind., in 1834, and joined the
Methodist eliureh in 1842 'Ahoiit this time his
mind was ex('reised in res|)eet to his enlurinj;; upon
the work of the ministry. lie liegan a thorough
search of the Hildc ; the result was that he became
a minister and a Baptist. lie was ordained in 1850,
and has been the pastor of the North Madi.sou Bap-
. tist church for twenty-three years. lie was elected
treasurer of his county two (jonsccutive terms, and
has been sent to the State Loi^islature two sessions.
lie was elected president of the Indiana State Con-
vention in 1878. lie is a man of deep piety, mod-
esty, and profound convictions.

Montague, Rev. Howard W., the eldest son

of the Rev. Philip Moutai^ue, was horn in -MidtUc-
se.'c Co., Va., Oct. 10, ISIO. lie was baptized Ijy
his father in November, 1831. In 1838 he married
Miss Mildred C. Broaddu.s, daughter of the Rev.
Andrew Broaddus. lie was ordained to the min-
istry in 1840. During iiis ministerial career of
thirty-si,x years he was at different times pastor of
the following ehurchoa, — Mount Zion, Kphesus,
llowerton's, and Upper Essex, in the county of
Essex; Bethel, in the county of Caroline; and
Shiloh and Bound Hill, in King George. In addi-
tion to these he had stated appointments at several
other cliurehes, besides being a frequent and zeal-
ous worker in protracted meetings in his own and
neighboring churches. The one great object of his
life was to preach the gospel plainly and faithfully
to men, and he did it with great earnestness, power,
and success. He was a laborious worker in the
ministry, forgetting himself and laying all his ener-
gies on the altar of the Master. He possessed a
vigorous intellect, was a strong thinker, and in his
stylo of preaching was impressive and stimulating.
His own life exemplified the doctrines of godliness,
and all who were ucquaintcil with him knew that
Christ was the moving spring of his entire actions.
He died Juno 9, 1870, leaving to the churches of
his love and laljors the memories of a. character
fragrant with the graces of the Spirit.

Montag-ue, Rev. J. E., was bom in Granville
Co.. N. C. in 1818; baptized in 1839; educated
at Wake Forest College; was ordained in WM,
llcvs. U. I. Devin and S. Crcath forming the Pres-
bytery ; and has been the successful pastor of iMill
Creek ami Bethel churches. Person County, for
twenty-six years.

Montague, Judge Robert L., was born in Mid-
dlesex Co., Va., May li3, 1819. His parents were
zealous membei-s of a Baptist church. His educa-
tion was begun at a small country school. He was

afterwards sent to Fleetwood Academy, in the
county of King and Queen, conducted by that ac-
complished teacher, Oliver White, to be prepared
for college. From this school he went to William

jLiiii mmrur [ MoNr\GLE

and .Mary College, where, in July of 1842, he re-
ceived tlie degree of Bachelor of Laws, graduating
also in the school of political economy. He re-
turned to the college the next session, and contin-
ued his studies in legal and political science, and
then entered upon the practice of law. He was
baptized in August, 1842, by the Rev. Mr. Street,
and united with the Glcbelaniling church, of which
he has continued a member till the present, being
actively identified with all the movements of the
denomination, and serving most tlliciently for sev-
eral years the General liaptist Association of Vir-
ginia as its j)resid('nt. Having begun the practice
of law in 1844, Judge Montague was appointed, in
1840, the (.'ommonwealfh's attorney for Middlesex
County, which position he held with efficiency and
honor for nineteen years and then resigned. In
18.00 he was elected a member of the Virginia
Legislature, and was re-elected in 1851, but he re-
signed without serving. In 1852 he was a Presi-
dential elector, and was the messenger of the elec-
toral college to convey the vote of Virginia to
Washington ; and in 1H5G he was again a Presi-
dentiid elector. In 1859 he was elected lieutenant-
governor of the State. This office he held for the
constitutional period of four years. In February,
1861, he was elected by the (leople of Middlesex
and Mathews Counties to represent them in the |

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MONTANYE

811

MOODY

aeuessioii convention; jinj'in April of tiie same
year lie was eliosen by the convention a member of
trte executive council to aid the governor in his ar-
duous and responsible duties. He was elected pres-
ident of the convention at its last session, and it is
a singular fact that Judge Montague while presid-
ing over tliis body was also the [iresident of the
\'irginia senate for nearly a month, b(jth bodies
sitting in the same building, so that, in order to
accommodate the presiding oflicer, the hours of
meeting for both bodies had to be changed. In
1863 he was elected a member of the Confederate
Congress, and served in that body till its last ses-
sion ; after which time, until 1S73, he remained in
private life, giving himself entirely to the practice
of his profession. In 1873 he was elected a mem-
ber of the Virginia Legislature by the people of
Jliddlesex County, and in March, 187o, he was
elected by the Legislature judge of the eigljtli ju-
dicial circuit. Although Judge Montague's nu-
merous'ollieial duties prevented him from adding
much to the literature of the denomiiuition, lie
made a gieat many public iiddresses on various
subjects, many of which have been published and
widely read throughout the State. Although much
in public and political life, no man sustained a
more honorable re))utation. He died during the
summer of 1880.
Montanye, Rev. Thomas B., wa.s lunn Jan.

2'.), 17iJ'J, in New York. ^Vhl;n .st:venteen years of
age he was baptized by the Rev. John Gano into
the fellowship of the First I5aptist church of that
city. He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church
■of Warwick, N. Y., when only nineteen years of
age. In 1801 he became pastor of the Southanip-
toh church, Bucks Co., Pa. Hi; held this position
till death summoned him to the church in glory,
Sept. 27, IS2'J. Mr. Montanye was one of the
most popular Baptist ministers in the eastern part
of Pennsylvania, where his name was familiar to
most professors of religion. No man in the Bap-
tist ranks stood higher than he. His church trusted
;ind loved him, and he and his Southampton brethren
walked in luirmony with the Baptist brotherhood
everywhere. In preaching, iiis theme was the
cross, and he possessed great power in sotting forth
the nnitchless glories of the sutl'ering Saviour. His
memory is tenderly cherislied all over Bucks County
at this day.

Montgomery, Rev. W. A., was horn in Jeffer-
son Co., Teun., Nov. I(i, 1820. He was converted
and liaptized in his fourteenth year. He entered
the Univcu'sily of 'Peiincssee, at Kjioxville, in 1815,
and graduated with the lirst honor of iiis class in
1850; read law with the Hon.K. Alexander, iudiio
•of the Knoxville Circuit Court. He was admitted
to the bar in the fall of 1851. He .removed to
Texas in 1855. lie served as a member from Wash-

ington County in the secession convention in 1801.
He was licensed to [U-caeh while in the Confederate
army in 18(12. He continued in it until the close
of the war; removed to Lcadvale, Tenn., in 18G7.
He was ordained to the work of the ministry in
18(38. He receivixl his DA), from Carson College
in 1870, and from the University of Tennessee in
1870. He wns pastor lirst of Lcadvale and Dan-
dridge churches from 1808 to 1872; then of First
church, Lynchburg, Va., until 1877. He was cor-
responding secretary of the Southwestern Board
for eighteen months. He is now the pastor of the
First Baptist clinrch of Jlemphis, Teun.

Dr. Montgomery possesses rare ability as an
evangelist. The numerous protracted meetings
held by him, in which his labors were singularly
blessed, abumlantly show this. In the pulpit Iiis
manner is solemn ; his words and arguments are
higical, instructive, and convincing. He is among
the most prominent preachers in the State.

Montreal College. — 'I'his institution owes its
origin to the convictiiin among the Baptists of
Cana<la tiiat, in order to prosecute their denom-
inational work in the provinces, a native, edu-
cated ministry must be raised up to do this work.
The funds necessary to commence the undertaking
having been secured. Dr. Benjamin Davies, then
living in England, came to Montreal in 1839, and
took charge of what was called the Baptist The'o-
logical College, the original design being to have
but two instructors, a principal and a tutor, to
train the young men who proposed to enter the
Christian ministry. Buildings were secured, the
necessary preparations made, and a few students
connected themselves with the new institution.
In 1843, Dr. Davies was called to England to take
the presidency of Stepney College, tiow Begent's
Park College, London, and Itev. Dr. Fyfe occupied
the place thus made vacant for one year. In 1844,
Dr. J. M. Cramp entered upon his duties as presi-
dent of the college. A fine, cut-stone building was
erected on a commanding site in the city of Mon-
treal, and the prospects of the institution wore an
encouraging aspect. But it was nut long before
financial embarrassment crippled the energies of
those who had been foremost in promotiiig the in-
terests of the college. The " hard times" of 1848-50
destroyed all hope of raising funds, wdiich it had
been tiiought could be obtained in England. There
was no alternative but to sell the college |iroperty,
to pay oil', as far as possible, the debts of the insti-
tution. Apparently the cxivrimont to estalilish a
Baptist theological college in Montreal had proved
a failure, and the friends of ministerial education
must look for success in some other quarter. (See
article on C.\n.\di.\.v Literary Institute.)

Moody, Lady. — This titled lady lived at Lynn,
Mass., in IG40. She purchased the estate of Mr.

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MOORE

812

MOORE

Iluiinilirey, one of the iniif^istrates, and intended to
become a pernnment resident. Soon after making
lier abode at Lynn siie eniliraeed the prineiples of tlie
Baptists ; and tlien neither lier character nor her
))Osition in society could avail lier anything. Slie
was compelled to withdraw from tiie Congregational
citizens of Lynn and seek a homo on Long Island
among the Dntch, who, like their liberal country-
men in Holland, gave her a generous welcome.
And when the Indians came to Long Island to kill
its Dutch settlers, forty of them defended the house
of Lady Moody at the peril of their lives. In that
day to embrace Baptist principles was to invite
exjiatriation, if not something worse, even from
American Christians.

Moore, David, D.D., was Ijorn in AVestmore-
land, England, JMarch 28, 18-2. lie came to the
United States in 1834. lie received a superior
education, and being called of (iod to the ministry,
he was ordained, in June, 18.^)2, as pastor of the
Gaines and Murray churches, N. Y. In 1855 he
accepted a call to the Le Roy chuvcli in the same
State; in 1800 he becanje pastor of the Washington
Street church, Bulfalo; and in 1804 he took the
oversight of the AVashington Avenue church,
Brooklyn, from whicli lie retired, through im-
paired health, in 1870. lie is now pastor of the
church of Geneva, N. Y.

He has pulilished several occasional sermons,
essays, and addresses, and was, till the failure of
his health, an active manager of the American Bap-
tist Home Mission Society, the liOng Island Mission
Board, and of other denominational institutions.

Few men in the Baptist denomination have
wielded a wider or more beneficial influence. As
a preacher, he is lucid, sound, earnest, and elo-
quent. As a pastor, sympathizing, magnetic, and
faithful, and, in all the councils of his brethren,
capable, (jractical, and prudent.

Moore, Rev. Ferris, was liorn in Putney, Vt.,
Dec. ill, IT'.'l), united by baptism with the church
June 24, 1810, and was ordained Dec. 30, 1819, at
Keone, N. H., where he was the pastor of the
church for two years. Subsequently he was settled
at New Ipswich, N. II., Canton, Mass., and at
Saratoga, N. Y. From April, 1840, to the fall of
IS57 he preached every alternate Sabbath at South
Lee, Mass., where he died April 7, 1858.

Moore, John L., D.D., one of the pioneer Bap-
. tists of Ohio, was born in Lewis Co., N. Y., Feb.
17, 1803, anil was converted at the age of twenty-
two. In 1831 he graduated from Hamilton, and
one week after his grad\iation was ordained at
AN'atcrtown, N. Y., with special reference to the
AVestern field. In October of the same year, in com-
pany with three of his classmates, AVilliam Cholfee,
■ Alvin Bailey, and G. Bartlett, he visited Cleveland,
then a villaj'e of 1000 inhabitants. Fruui it he

wont to Columbus, whore there was a small Bap-
tist church, and thence to Cincinnati, whore there
were then three Baiitist churciies. After a short
stay in Cincinnati he visited the towns of the Miami
valley. At Hamilton he met with a very severe
accident, by which his face was terribly burned
and the sight of his eyes greatly injured. Nothing
daunted at this, however, he accepted in the spring
of 1832 an appointment by the Home Mission So-
ciety, thou just organized. After general mission-
ary work lie became pastor of the churcli of l^iqua,
and in 1834 gave half his time to the new church
at 'I'roy. Ilis next pastorate was with the church
at Dayton, where he remained two years.

For eight years subsequent to (his i)r. Moore
was tlie general agent for the Ohio State Conven-
tion. Part of his time was, however, devoted to
the interests of the college at Granville, of which
he was a trustee for more than thirty years. On
resigning his agency he took pastoral charge of the
church in Springlield, 0., which position he held
for nearly two years, when he gave himself to the
work of establishing a theological institution at
Fairmount, near Cincinnati. In 1855 he was ap-
pointed an exploring missionary for Ohio by the
State Convention, and did much efl'ectivo work.
His health becoming greatly impaired he relin-
fpiished this position, and gave himself thence-
forward to a more quiet life, preaching, however, as
he found opportunity, and making himself useful
in the general denominational work. In the same
year Dcnison University conferred upon him the
degree of D.D. In J870 ho removed to Topeka,
Kan., where he remained until his death, Jan. 23,
1878.

Dr. Moore was one of the most influential and
wealthy of the early Baptist ministers of Ohio.
His memory is treasured by thousands in that
State. He was a very acceptable preacher, and a
man of most excellent spirit. He leaves a son in
the ministry, Rev. A. S. Moore, of Salem, 0.

Moore, Rev. Wm,, was born near Pisgah, But-
ler Co.. 0., Dec. 8, 1821 ; was baptized by Elder
Daniel Bryant at the age of twenty ; studied at
Farmer's College, and also at Granville ; took his
theologieal course at the (/'nvington Institute, under
Dr. Patterson ; was nrilained to the ministry in the
autumn of 1847, at the Ninth Street churcdi, Cin-
cinnati, and shortly afterward* was married to Miss
E. W. Forbes. In company with Dr. Jewett, of the
Teloogoo Mission, he was sot apart as a foreign
missionary, tir.st to Assam, and afterwards, at the
death of Mr. I5ullard, to the Pwo Karens, Burmah.

He sailed with his wife from Haston, in the ship
"Cato,"Nov. 2, 1847, in company with Brethren
Danforth, Stoddard, and their wives, and also
Brethren Simons and Brayton. On reacliing the
heathen land he entered with energy upon the

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MORAN

813

MOREHOUSE

arduous laboi- of iic((uiring a foreign language.
This lie soon aecoiuplisliud, and was peruiitted to
vLsit tlio Karens in their distant homes, and tell
thoin of a Saviour's dying love. After about five
years of labor his healtli began to fail, and before
the si.Kth year was completed it was manifest to all
that liis missionary toils were ended,- at least for a
time. Jlis voice entirely failed, so that he could
a|icak only in a low wliisper. With great reluctance
he bade adieu to the chosen lal;ors of liis life, and
returned to tliis country. lie located first at Cin-
finiiati, but, not being able to preach, he went to
Miildletown, and entered into business, in which,
iie continued twenty-six years, until his death.
Being prompt, reliable, and enterprising, he se-
curoil a tlattering position in the commercial
world. His word was the synonym of honor and
fair-dealing.

His induence was always on the side of right
and morality, and in this direction it was mighty
and constant, and it was felt for the improvement
of the community. lie was a member of the
school board for twelve years, and president of the
board of eilucation when he dieil. In the church
he was looked upon as one of the main pillars,
holding the office of deacon from 1867 until the
close of his life, lie was also church clerk for fif-
teen yeai'S, until the time of his death, and during
his membership he was a constant attendant at the
Sal)bath-school, having in charge the adult Bible-
class. In ills teaching lie was clear and methodi-
cal, and eminently useful. lie was not only a
faithful teaolier, lint a true friend, and a wise
CDUnsidor to all his class. Even after they iel't the;
sclmol he never lost sight of tliem, but watched his
O|jportunity to do them good. It brightens our
appreciation of his goodness to remember that lie
himself was never conscious of its possession, but
hibored diligently each day as though the results
of eternity depended upnn the passing hour. Few
men have Ijeen more honored for Christian in-
tegrity. His unfaltering devotion to the church,
his familiarity witli men, his sound judgment, and
his kindness won many hearts to trust the Saviour
whom lie loved and honored. With an unblemished
reputation, he tilled up the measure of his days.
He died Sept. 20, KS.W, in the full enjoyment of
the Saviour's love.

Moran, Rev. M. Y., an aljle minister in Lincoln
Co., Ark., was burn in >forth Carolina in 1818; at
the age of twenty-two professed Christ, and soon
after liegan to preach. Having settled in Somer-
ville, 'I'enn., in 1844, he studied for three years,
and obtained a fair knowledge of Greek, Latin, and
niatliematics. lie was ordained in 1855; after
preaching in T(!nnesMee three years he removed to
Bolivar Co., Miss., where ho organized the first
church in the county. Here he continued to labor

until the war. In 1862 ho came to Arkansas and
settled at his present place of residence, where he
has preached successfully until the present time.
He has presided several times as moderator of Bar-
tholomew Association, of Arkansas Baptist Con-
vention, and the General Association of Southeast
Arkansas.

More, Godwin C, M.D., was born in Hertford
Co., iN. C, Nov. 7, 1806 ; graduated at Chapel Hill ;
read medicine with his brother-in-law. Dr. Fletcher,
and graduated in medicine at Transylvania Uni-
versity. In 1831 he represented his native county
in the State Legislature; ran for Congress in 1837,
and in 1838 became moderator of the Chowan As-
sociation, the largest body of the kind in the State,
and he held this honorable position for thirty
years. He was elected a member of the Legisla-
ture again in 1842, and also in 1867. lie was a
trustee of Wake Forest College, and for many years
president of the board of trustees of the Chowau
Female Institute. He died in 1880, loved and
lamented by all who knew him.

Morehead, Gov. James T., an able lawyer,
and one of the most brilliant orators tiiat Kentucky
has produced, was born in Bullitt Co., Ky., May
24, 17'J7. He attended school at Russell ville, and
completed his education at Transylvania Univer-
sity. He was raised in the faith of the Baptists,
but delayed uniting with the church until late in
life, for which he expressed much regret. He
studied law at Russellville, and commenced prac-
tice at Bowling Green in 1818. He was elected to
the Legislature in 1828, and served several terms
in that body. He was elected lieutenant-governor
of Kentucky in 1832, and became governor of the
State upon the death of Gov. Breathitt, in February,
1834. He was several years president of the board
of internal improvements. In 1841 he was elected
to the U. S. Senate, and at the close of his term, in
1847, he located in Covington, Ky. He died Dec.
28, 1854.

Morehead, Rev. Robert W., A.M., was born
in Logan Co., Ky., April 13, 1834. lie entered
Bethel College in 1854, and remained two years.
In 1856 ho entered Union University, Tenn., where
ho graduated in- 1850. His theological studies were
pursued under the supervision of Dr. J. M. Pen-
dleton. He united with Union Bajitist church,
in his native county, in 1849 ; was licensed to
preach in 1856, and ordained in 1859. In 1860 he
took charge of Bethel clinrch, in Christian County.
For several years he has been the beloved and
honored pastor of the Bajitist ohurcli at Princeton,
Ky. He is a man of culture and great mural
worth.

Morehouse, Henry L., D.D., was born in Stan-
ford, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Oct. 2, 1834. Mr. More-
house was graduated at the University of Kochoster

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MOUELAND

814

MORGAN

in 185S. lie entered Rochester Tlieological Semi-
nary in 1S61, and was graduated in 18G-t. His tiist
settlement was at East Saginaw, Midi., wliere lie
remained from 186-1 to 1873, wlieii he was called to
the pastorate of the East Avenue Bajitist eliurch,
in iioehester. Mr. Morehouse was prominently
identified witli educational aifd State missionary
work in Mioliigan. He was for some time corre-
sponding and financial agent of tlio New York Bap-
tist Union for Ministerial Education, wliicli has
cliarge of the theological seminary at Rociiester.
He was elected to ttiat position in 1877. His re-
port in " Vindication of the Beneficiary System''
won for him liigh encomiiuiis from the first educa-
tors of tlie country. He lias also published several
able sermons. He was poet of the alumni of Roch-
ester University in 1874. His racy -and very read-
able contributions to the Examiner and Chronicle,
over the signature '" Ilehiio," have earned him a
good reputation. His church has greatly prospered
under his ministry, and his earnest !ab(irs for the
seminary have secured for him the respect of all the
friends of ministerial education in the State and in
the many States where Rochester i.s represented.
He is now the able corresponding secretary of the
American Baptist Home Mission Society.

Moreland, Rev. W. C, for nine years pastor
at Arcadia, La., was born in Georgia in 1824; for
nineteen years a preacher in the iMethodist connec-
tion ; in 1804 he was ordained as a Baptist minister.
He came to Louisiana in 1848. He has served the
following Baptist churches accejitably : Homer,
Rock Spring, and Anlioch, in Claiborne Parish,
and Liberty, Mount (jilcud, and Arcadia churches,
in Bienville I'arish.

Morell, Rev. Z. N., was born in Tennessee; is
now about eighty years old ; commenced preaching
at an early age after his conversion, and was suc-
cessful as a minister in Tennessee and Mississippi ;
removed to Texas in 1835 ; was iiitinuitcly associ-
ated with the early warriors, civilians, and ministers
who founded the republic of Texas and organized
the State. He was one of the originators of the
State Convention and Education Society of 'fexas.
His book, "Flowers and Fruits; or, Thirty-six
Years in Texas," published in 1872, by Gould &,
Lincoln, Boston, is full of remarkable incidents
touching religious, civil, and martial life, written
in a style of masculine vigor.

Moray, Rev. Reuben, a native of Fabius, Onon-
daga Co., N. Y., where he was born Feb. 21, 1805,
obtained a hope in Christ in early life, and united
with the Baptist Church. Having strong convic-
tions that it was his duty to preach the gospel, he
soon after his conversion began the work of prep-
aration. He was educated at Hamilton Tjiterary
and 'I'heologieal Institution and at liiowii Univer-
sity. Dr. Wayland was president at Bimwh while

he was there, and he left upon his student the
impi-ess of his own strong intellect and powerful
grasp of truth. Dr. J. R. Looinia, president of
Lewisborg University, Dr. Ives, of Sufiield, Conn.,
and Dr. William Dean, of Bangkok, Siam, were
among his intimate friends at college. After his
graduation from Brown University he was ordained
and settled as pastor of the Baptist church in Mad-
ison, Ind. His subsc(|ui!nt jjastorates were at Lnuis-
ville, Ky., North Attleborough, Mass., Homer, AVy-
oming, and Arcade, N. Y., Dclavan and Tonica, III.,
and Jlerton, Wis. Ili.'j longest pastorate was at
North Attleborough, jNIass., where he remained
eight years. His preaching was analytical and
iloctrinal. He had a profound reverence for the
ministerial office, and this imparted depth and so-
lemnity to his public services. As a pastor he was
peculiarly gifted for ellicient labor in the family and
with the individual. Ho was a tower of strength
in all his pastoral labors with his flock. His home
during the closing years of his life was in \V^iuke-
sha. Wis. Here he fell asleep in Jesus, Feb. 17,
1880. " Mark the perfect man and behold the up-
right, for the end of that man is peace."

Morgan, Rev, Abel, was of Welsh descent, and
was born at Wi'lsli Tract, Del., April 18, 1713. He
was baptized when about twenty years of age, and
was soon afterwards ordained. He had laid the
foundation of the learning which he subsequently
evinced at the academy in Pcncador. In 1739 he
took charge of the church in Middletown, N. J., and
continued there until his death, in 1785. The period
of his life was an im|)ortant one, an<l he was ei|ual
to the work demanded f'r(jni him. His influence and
the history of the denomination in New Jersey and
America are inseparably connected. He had a good
judgment, unusual literary attainments, a logical
mind, and a very valuable library. He was pow-
erful in debate; he was also unsparing in labor by
night and by day. In his old S[iringless cart he
rode long distances to preach Jesus. Dr. Jones,
in his century sermon, called him "' the incompara-
lih Morgan." Edwards says of him, •' He was not
a custom divine, nor a leading-strinij divine, but a
Biiii.E DIVINE.'' He was on different occasions
challenged to .debate on doctrine, and always main-
tained his position. In 1742 there was a great re-
vival at Capo May, in which Baptist and Presbyte-
rian ministers [ireachcd. 'I'oo many of the converts
"took to the wat(a-" to suit the Presbyterians. Mr.
Morgan accepted a challenge from Kcv. Samuel
Fiiilcy, afterwards prosidi'iit of Princeton t!ollcge,
to discuss the baptismal (pn;stion. He gained a
signal triumph. Mr. Finley tried his pen, and
wrote "A Charitable Plea for the Speechless."
Mr. Morgan had a reply ]irinted, under the title
" Anti-Picdo Uautism, or .Mr. Samuel Finlcy's
Charitable Plea for the Speechless examined and

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MORGAN

815

MORGAN

refuted, tlio IJaptism of Uolievers iiL;iiiitiiiiicil, mid
tlu! Mode of it by Immersion vindicated, by Abel
Moi-i^an, of Middletown, in East Jersey. Pbila-
dclpliia, printed by B. Franklin, in Market Street.
MDCCXI.VH." This little work is so vuluublo
imd scarce that it sells for Slli or more.

llev. Lewis Morgan, a pioneer liaptist pi-eaeher in
Indiana, and ho was born at Franklin, in that Slate,
Aug. 17, 1839. His coUeijiate course he pursued at
Franklin College, graduating in 18(31. The war
being tlien in progress, ho entered the Union ser-
vice as a private, and, after three years and four
months, at the close of the war, resigned as colonel
of the 1 1th U.S. t'olored InlUnlry. lie commandiMl
a division at the battle (d' Nashville, and was made,
subsecpiently, bieviit brigadier-general I'or '' gallant
and meritorious service during the war.'' The
stru""le having closed, (u'n. Morgan decided to
enter upon stuily fur the ministry, and graduated
at Uocliester in 1808. Uis tirst service was as
secretary of the New York liaptist Union for Min-
isterial Fdueation. At the end of three years he
resigned this position, and, removing to Neliraska,
served in that State as pastor for one year, and
two years as president of the Nebraska State Nor-
mal School, being complimented, in 1874, with an
apjiointnient hy President Grant as a member of
the Board of Visitors at West Point. In Septem-
Ijer of the year last named he entered upon hia
duties as professor in the theological semiiniry at
Chicago, holding, first, the chair of llomiletics,
and at present that of Church History. In the
year 1879 Or. .Mnrgan spent four months in study
at the University of Loipsic, Germany, and in the
year 1S80 live months in European travel and in

.\UE1, .MOIUIAM.

As a patriot, his trumpet gave no uncertain
sound. Elven while the royal troops were moving
through liis neighborhood, after the battle of Mon-
mouth, he was outspoken. The next Sunday he
liad for his text, " Who gave Jacob for a s|ioil and
Israel to the robbers?" lie says in his diary, that
the Sunday after that, '' I'rcaclnjd in mine own
barn, because the enemy had taken out all the
seats in the meeting-house.'' lie bapti/.ed many
persons, and was the means of converting and edi-
fying nniny more. He wrote some of the nmst im-
|iortant documents issued by the Philadelphia As-
sociation, and was frequently called by it tcj [ireach
and preside. His many manuscripts, neatly writ-
ten, show careful preparation, souinl doctrine, and
jjractical .application. The inscription U|jon his
plain tombstone at Middletown is, " In meniory of
Abel Morgan, pastor of the Baptist church at Mid-
dletown, who departed this life Nov. 24, 178."), in the
73d year of his age. His life was blameless, his
ministry was powerful ; he was a burning and
shining light, and his memory is dear to the
saints."

Morgan, T. J., D.D., Professor of Church Ilis-
•tory in the Baptist Union Theological Seminary
at Chicago, is of Welsh descent. His lather was

T. J. MOIUIAN, n.D.

the prosecution of historical stud
scholarly attainments and ability
Moriran ad<ls (he talent of a "' rei

ies. To his

fine

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ady writer,''

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MORGAN

816

MORRIS

has contributed largely and most acceptably to the
denoiiiiiiational ]iress.

Morgan, Rev. William D., was bom in Wales;
ediicati.-d at I'ontypool College; came to America,
and was ordained as a Baptist minister in Plymouth,
Pa. ; settled in Chester, Conn., in 1875, and with
the Tliird Baptist church iu _North Stonington,
Cunn., in tlio spring of 1877 ; hero he was thrown
I'rom a carriage and instantly killed, ftlay 7, 1878,
aged thirty-fuur years.

Morrill, Rev. Abner, A.M., son of Deacon
•John Adams and Mary McDonald Morrill, was
born in Limerick, JMe., Aug. 18, 1827; was con-
verted while a student in college, and, though edu-
cated a Pedobaptiat, united witli the Main Street
Baptist church in Brunswick, Me. To this step he
was led by a careful study of God's Word, over-
coming much opposition. He graduated from
Bowdoin College in 1850. lie was called to the
chair of Matliematics and Natural Sciences in I\Iid-
bury Academy the same year. In 1852 he became
tutor in the West Tennessee College, Jackson,
Tenn. After spending several years in teaching
in connection with various institutions in the
South, he returned to Maine in 1859, and became
pastor of the Baptist church in Farinington. lie
was afterwards pastor at Turner and Mechanic
Falls. In 18G5 he came to New York, and has
been pastor of the churches in Warsaw and Arcade.
lie is now settled in Painted Post. He is a faith-
ful minister, a good preacher, and a noble-minded
citizen.

Morrill, Rev. D. T., the present (1880) pastor
of the Upper Alton Baptist church, 111., was born
Oct. 24, 1825, in Danville, Caledonia Co., N. Y.
When lie was abnut three years of age tlio family
removed to Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., in the
same .State. His |jreparation for college ho received
at tlie St. Lawrence Academy, in Potsdam. In
September, 1847, he entered Union College, in-
tending at first to take an eclectic course, but
changed his plans subsequently, entering the Ju-
nior class, and graduating in 1849. His conversion
took place while in college, without apparent special
human agency, and partly in connection with a
struggle against doubts even of the truth of the
Christian religion. Earnest study of the evidences,
accompanied by manifest strivings of the Spirit,
ended not only in entire acceptance of the Christian
System, but also of Christ as a personal Saviour.
Deciding to enter the ministry, he took his theo-
logical course at Rochester, entering the seminary
in 1851 and graduating in 185.3. The interval of
time since leaving college and before entering the
seminary had been spent in teaching in Bahway,
N. J., where he was baptized liy Kcv. W. II.
Wines. Mr. Morrill's desire had been towanls for-
eign missionary work, but a field of missionary

labor o|»ening to him at Newark, N. J., he decided
to enter it. T'lie mission so undertaken in that city
resulted in the organization of the Fifth Baptist
church, in March, 1855. Tliis church he served as
pastor fourteen years. The church grew into a
strong one, built a meeting-house and jiarsonage,
and took its place among the vigorous and ellicient
churches of the city and .State. In 1859 ho accepted
a call to the Fourth Baptist chnrcli, St. Louis, con-
tinuing tliero six years, until 1874. Two hundred
accessions by baptism were fruits of this ministry.
A year and a half as pastor of Park Avenue church
and superintendent of missions in St. Louis Asso-
ciation, and nearly a year in the service of the Pub-
lication Society as district secretary, brings the
record to 1876, when Mr. Morrill accepted the call
of the Upper Alton Baptist church, a field made es-
pecially interesting by the close relations into which
the pastor of that church is necessarily brought
with the students and faculty of .Shurtlelf College.

MorrUl, Rev. J. C, was born in Aniesbury,
I\Iass., Aug. 10, 1791. Until he was about forty
years of age he was in secular business. Im-
jiressed that it was his duty to preach the gospel,
he received from the First Baptist church in
Lowell a license, and was ordained as an evan-
gelist at Waterville, Me., Oct. 25, 1832. He de-
voted himself with great zeal and energy to the
work for which he had thus been set apart, and
his preaching was accompanied by the conversion
of souls. His successive pastorates were with
churches in Augusta, Sidney, Freeport, Wiscasset,
and Corinth, in JMaine, Jlanchester, N. II., and
vSomerset, Mass. For four years he was in the
service of the American and Foreign Bible So-
ciety, lie died at Taunton, Aug. 22, 1858.

Morris, C. D., D.D., of Toledo, 0., was l)orn in
North \Vales, June (», 1839. His parents, who
were Calvinistic Methodists, removed to America in
1840, and settled in Ohio in 1841. In his eleventh
j'ear he united with a Presbyterian church, but
in 1800, through independent investigation of
God's Woril, he became a Baptist, and united with
the Baptist church at Urbana, 0. In 1859 he be-
came a i)ublic school teacher, and followed that
calling for three years, when he gave himself en-
tirely to preaching, and became pastor of the Bap-
tist church at Fairfield, 0. After remaining here
a little while, he took a selected coui-se of study in
the university and a full course in the theological
seminary at Rochester, N. Y., graduating in 1867.
.Shortly after graduation he bectime pastor of the
First church, Toledo, 0., whero he still remains,
the oldest pastor in the continuous service of one
church in Ohio.

Dr. Morris is a scholarly and strong preacher,
and makes himself felt not only in the growing
city of Toleilo, but throughout the State. lie re-

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MORRIS

817

MORSE

coived the degree of D.D. from Chicago, III., in
1879.

Morris, Rev. Joshua, a celebrated pioneer Bap-
tist preaolier of Kentucky, was born in Janie.s City
Co., Va., about 1750. lie was baptized by Elijah
Baker about 1773. He preached for a time in the
country, and subsequently in Richmond, whore he
formed the tirst Baptist churcli in that city, in June,
17S0. Of this cliurch he liecame pastor, and min-
istered to it about seven years. In 17SS he removed
to Kentucky, and became the pastor of Brashear's
Creek church, in Shelby County. Besides minis-
tering to this body about ten years, he constituted
several churches in the regions around him. In
179S he located in what is now Carroll County, and
established Ghent church, and two years afterwards
he removed to Nelson County, where he ministered
to Cedar Creek and Mill Creek churches, and
formed one or two new churches. lie was a man
of high respeetaljility, and was eminently useful.
lie died about 1837.

Morris, Rev. William La Rue, was of Irish

extraction, and was l)oru in llardiu Co., Ky., Jan.
10, 1821. lie was educated as a lawyer, and en-
tered upon the practice of his profession at Ilodg-
ensville, Ky. He was a line speaker, and a young
man of strict honesty and integrity, and readily
gained a good patronage. At this period his con-
science was deeply impressed with a call from God
to preach the gospel. To this conviction he finally
yielded, and having joined a Baptist church while
he was a law student, he was ordained pastor of the
Baptist church at Ilodgensville in January, 18.^1.
He was remarkaljly active and zealous in lijs holy
calling, and his improvement was such that he
soon became one of the most eloquent preachers
in the Kentucky pulpit. In 186G he was appointed
by the board of the General Association, general
evangelist for the State. He died June 13, 1867.

Morrison, Judge A. W., was iKjrn in Jessamine
Co., Ky., \ov. lio, 1802 ; removed to Missouri and
settled with his mother and family in Howard
County, his father having died in Kentucky. He
was liberally educated. Ilis known ability and
intej;ritj' commended him to the poo|ile of his
county for almost every oifice at their dis[)osal. He
was for four years receiver of the United States
land-ollice for Missuuri, under appointment of
President James K. Polk. In 1851 he was ap-
pointed State treasurer by Gov. King to fill the
vacancy occasioned by the death of Peter G. Glover.
So thorough was his efficiency in this department,
and so great his pi;rsonal jiopularity, that he was
elected by the people I'or three succeeding terms to
the same oHice. He was the incumlient at the
breaking out of the civil war, and Gov. Gamble
insisted on his holding the ])Osition, l)ut this he
declined, refusing to take the " test oath."

Judge Morrison's ancestry were of the highest
respectability in Wales, and afterwards in Virginia
and Kentucky. He still lives on a beautiful and
valuable estate in Howard Co., Mo.

In 1873 the judge made a profession of faith in
Christ, and united with the Baptist church at
Glasgow, in Howard County. His integrity as a
man and citizen has marked his course as a Chris-
tian, lie is intelligently active in every good
work, a strong friend of his pastors, a liberal helper
in missions and Christian education, and he is a ,,
member of several denominational Ijoards. He is
remarkably active in mind and body, and still
wields a mighty influence in (Hililic matters.

Morrow, Rev. Orson Holland, a popular, use-
ful, and much esteemed minister of Bethel Asso- ,
elation, was born in Rutherford Co., N. C, Nov.
10, 1800. He was taken by his parents to what is
now Simpson Co., Ky., in 1807, whore he still
lives. He was baptized in 1827, licensed to jireach
a few nu")nths later, and ordained in 18.'j.3. He be-
came a close Bible student, and was very thorough
in his researches. lie has been pastor of four ..
churches most of the time since his ordination,
until the feebleness of old ago rendered him inca-
pable of tlio work. He has performed a great
amount of missionary labor, and has organized a ,
number of new churches.

His pastorates have been Pleasant Grove, Union, .
Warren Co., and Sulphur Spring, Simpson Co.
During his long and faithful service he has been
the m(!ans of the conversion of large numbers of
souls, eighteen of whom are known to have become
active Tiiiiiisters of the gospel. Mr. Morrow has
lieen a freipient contributor to the periodical press.

Morse, Rev. Asahel, son of Kev. Jusima and
Susannah (Babeock) Murse, was born in Montville,
Conn., Nov. 10, 1771 ; removed with his [larents to
Landisliold, Mass., in 1779; was a lover of good
books and an apt scholar; taught schools with suc-
cess; was converted in 1798; was baptized Nov. 9
of that year, by Rev. Rufus Babeock, of Colebrook,
Conn. ; licensed to preach in the spring of 1799 ;
removed to AVinsted, Conn., in 1800, where he was
ordained in May, 1801 ; traveled and ]ireached in
almost every town in, Connecticut ; settled with the
liaptist church in Stratlleld, Conn., in 1803, and
remaine<l more than nine years, preaching most of
the time si.x sermons a week ; meanwhile he made a
missionary tour, by aiqiointment of the Shaftesbury
Association, into Upper Canada, and attended lifty-
four meetings; in 1812 settled in Suffield, Conn.,
as successor to Rev. Jcjhn Hastings; in 1818 was a
memljer of the State convention to frame a new
State constitution, and penned for it the article on
religious liberty, — a marked event in the State's
history ; was a nuin of great power, and a typical
Baptist; in 1820 went to Philadelphia as delegate

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MORSE

818

MOSS

from the Cunnectiout Baptist Missioiiiiry Board to
the Baptist General Convention : for a time sup-
plied a church in Colehrook, and in 1832 became
pastor of the Second B:iptist church in that town ;
returned to Sullield in 183('>, where he died June 10,
1838, in his sixty-seventh year. He married, Aug.
24, 17'J.'>, Kachel Chapel, of N^»w Marlborough,
Mass., and had eight children, — all sons. His was
a noble life.

Morse, Rev. John Chipman, was born in An-
napolis Co., Nova Scotia; converted and baptized
when a youth; ordained pastor over the Digby
Neck church March 31, 1842, and continues still
in that happy relation. Mr. Morse is a deep ami
enthusiastic student of the 15iblc and of nature, and
a very useful preachi.T of the gospel.

Morse, Rev. Joshua, was bom in South Kings-
ton, 11. I., April 10, 172ij ; was converted under
the preaching of AVhlteticld at the age of sixteen,
and coMiMienced preaching the ne.Kt year as an itin-
erant; gathei-cd a church in Montvillo, Conn., where
he was ordained May 17, 1751 ; for aiding the New
Lights and preaching Baptist doctrines in North
Stonington, he was opposed, arrested, and abuscnl ;
the distresses of the Revolution on the coast occa-
sioned his removal to Landislield, Mass., in 1779,
where he gathered a church that he lived to see
enrol a hundred members. He was an able, zeal-
ous, and faithful minister. He died in 17'J5, in his
seventieth year.

Morse, Rev. Levi, was bom in Jeflerson, Scho-
harie Co., N. Y., Aug. 23, 1817 ; W'as born again,
as he trusts, in December, 183.") ; baptized into the
Jeflerson Baptist church in 1.S3S ; c'ommenced his
studies preparatory to the ministry at Jeflerson
Academy in 1839, and graduated from Madison
University in 1.S44 ; settled as pastor of the Baptist
church of Athens, Pa., Sept. 8, 1844, the church
having been raised up under his labors previously,
during one of his vacations; remained as pastor
five years, leaving a united church, with 112 mem-
bers and a convenient house of worsliip. Jle has
since bi!en jiastor at Franklin and lJe[iosit, N. Y.,
of the North Bajitist church of Newark, and at
Newton and Pittsgrove, N. J., at Unionville, the
Orange Baptist church, and the Franklindale Bap-
tist church. New Y'ork, and lie is now pastor of the
Baptist church of Burlingame, Ivansas. His setlle-
luents have all ))ecn pheasant and prosperous.

During tiie thirty-seven years of his ministry he
has baptized into tlie churches he has served aliout
800 converts. In his si.'ity-fourth year, he is still
able to undertake as much public speaking as at
any previous period of his history.

Morse, Rev. Samuel B., is one of the most
succl'snIuI and beloved ]iastors in California. lie
was liorn Oct. 2<1, 1S34, in Fayette, Me. ; was ba|)-
tized when scarcely twelve years old, liy Uev. John

Butler, lie graduated at Colby University and ;it
Newton. Having special gifts for teaeliing, he en-
gaged in that work for a time in Kentucky and at
Vacaville, Cal.', the seat of the Baptist College in
that State, while it was in the hands of the Meth-
odists. He returned East for some years, and was
ordained at Newton in August, 18tJ9. Coming
liaidc to California, he became pastor at Stockton
nine years, and was renuirkably blessed in his
work. AVhile pastor. there he made the tour of
Europe, Egypt, and Palestine, and gathered mate-
rials for several instructive lectures on the Holy
Land, and has given them over one hundred times
with ever-increasing favor. Feb. 1, 1878, he ac-
cepted the pastorate of the Brooklyn church, which
up to that time was greatly discouraged. His un-
usual pastoral gifts and spiritual poweras a preacher
have made the church one of the best in California.
He occupies a conspicuous position on missionary
and college boards, and as moderator of the San
Francisco Associatibn and presiding oflicer at other
pulilic meetings he shows fine executive ability.

Morton, Rev. Salmon, was born in Athol,
Mass., May 11, 1707. He was convicted of sin in
his sixteenth yi^u', and invested with justifying
faith several years later. He was baptized at
Madison, N. Y., in 1799, and he was ordained in
June, 1802, as pastor of the Madison church, for
which he labored for eleven years. In 1816 he
took charge of the church in Marcellus, Onondaga
Co., but he resigned in 1818 to preach as n home
missionary. lie died at Marcellus, Jan. 22, 1822.
By the people among whom his ministry was exer-
cised he was regarded as a great preacher. Ilia use-
fulness was very extensive, and his Christian worth
was of a high order.

Moss, Lemuel, L.D., was bom in Owen Co.,
Ky., Dec. 27, JS29. His father, Demas ]Moss,
was well known among the pioneer Baptists of
Southern Indiana as a man of unusimlly strong
native powers. His mother was a woman of fer-
vent piety as well as mental energy. He came
with his parents to Dearborn ('o., Ind., in 1833.
He was converted at the age of thirteen, and
joined the Baptist church at Milan. When he
was fourteen he entered the ottice of the Lawrence-
burij Register. He spent nine years in printing,
part of the time as foreman of a stereotyping es-
tablishment. While yet a youth his membership
was removed to thu First B.'iptist church, Cincin-
nati, where his prayer-meeting talks and other
earnest religious services led his brethren to thiidi
that he ought to enter upon the work of the min-
istry. As this persua.sion accorded with his own
convictions he decided to give himself to the blaster
as a minister. Ho entered Hochester University,
N. v., in IS.')3. The sidcct course marked out for
him by President .Vnderscju was abandoned after a

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MOSS

819

MOTT

year's prepiivatory work, and he enterod upon the
full course. }Ie graduated in 1858, and two years
later graduated in llochester Theological Semi-
nary, \iiider President Uobiiison. As a student lie
was always reuiarlialjly diligent, and won and held
the confidence of his teachers and fellow-students.
Ue was awarded all the honors of the elans. His
high moral tone ami strict integrity were! charac-
teristic during his whole course of stnily, as they
have been ever since, lie began preaching during
his Sophomore year, and soon exhibited rare power
as a public speaker.

Inuuediately upon liis graduation from the semi-
nary he was called to the pastorate of the First
Uaptist cluirch of Worcester, Mass. In 1808 his
alma maler conferred u[ion him the degree of Doc-
tor of Divinity. Upon the organization of the
United States Christian Commission by Mr. George
II. Stuart and others, in l.S()4, he was chosen its homo
secretarj', and charged with the responsible duty
of interesting the people of the North in the wm-k
of the Commission. l?y request of the Commisi-ion
he wrote and published "Annals of the United
States Christian (iommission," — a book full of in-
teresting facts and inferences, and the only authen-
tic record of the doings of the Commission. The
work has received the highest praise. In 1865 he
acce|ited the chair of Systematic Theology in the
University of Lewisburg, Pa., and, after three years'
service, resigned to accept the position of editor of
the Xatioiud Bajilist, the organ of the American
I5aptist Publication Society, llis editorship was a
marked success. After four yetirs ho resigned this
work to accept the chair of New Testament In-
terpretation in Crozer 'fheological Seminary, Pa.
While occupying this position ho came to Indiana,
and was the principal lecturer for a State minis-
ters' institute. During tlie course it was very man-
ifest that he was aide to answer difficult; questions
in both systennitic theology and exegesis.

In the National Baptist Educational Convention,
held in Brooklyn, N. Y., in lfS70, he presented a
pafier on '' 'flic Organizati(jn of our Mducatiojial
Work." lie has also written for the liiiptisf
Qitcirtcrb/ two articles, — one on " Our Schools and
Foreign Slissions," the other on " The Final Condi-
tion of the Unregeneratc." In 1876 heeditcd a book
entitled " Bap^tists and the National Centenary,"
a book of vast value to those who would know the
origin and progress of the various enterprises taken
up and carried forward by the d(;nomiiiation.

In 1875 he was electi>il presidenc of Chicago Uni-
versity, 111. In l«7(j he was elected president of
the Iniliana State University, and he is still carry-
ing forward its work with a vigcjr ami wisdom that
give great promise for the future of the university.
lie was in ]87'J made ]iresident of the Indiaiui State
Collc're Association.

lie is a clear thinker, a genial friend, an inspiring
teacher, and a ]mblic speaker of rare power.

Mother-Churches among American Bap-
tists, Some. — I'he First church of Pruvidence,
li. 1., is reganled by the nuijority of Baptists as
the oldest church of our denomination in America.
That venerable community has been the mother of
numy churches. The First church of New|)ort, It.
I., with John Clarke, the sturdy old Calvinist, and
the enlightened statesman, as its founder, has been
the mother of a goodly I'amily of cliurches. Apart
from New England successes, from it Thonuis
Dungan came to Pennsylvania, who formed the
first- Baptist church in that State; and by him
llWuH Keach was encouraged to trust Christ when
convicted of sin and baptized, and by his church he
was ordained. Mr. Keaeh foundcal the Pennepek
church, the oldest church now existing in Pennsyl-
vania, of which the First church of Philadelphia
was a branch, and also some of the oldest churches
in New Jersey, the communities that organized the
Philadelphia Association. What these churches
have done for the States in which they are located,
and through communities springing from them, as
well as directly in several other States, oidy the
students of Baptist history know. The church at
Swauze.y, Mass., was constituted by John IMiles iti
1663. When he and his Welsh brethren came to
New England they brought their church records
with them. Their American community was a
church like the First Newport, with no dependence
upon the First church of Providence. The Welsh
Tract church, in Didaware, was formed in Wales
in the .spring of 1701. Thomas Grillith was tho
first pastor, and he emigrated with the church to
Penne|)ek, Pa., and subsequently removed with it
to Welsh Tract, Del., where the church prospered,
and exerted an extensive influence in favor of truth
and righteousness. These were the most noted of
the mother-churches that came into existence in
America iiidtpcndenth/ of cacli ulhtr.

It should be remarked that the First church of
Pnividence was not the mother of any of the
churches named ; that the First church of Now-
port had some connection with the Pennepek cluirch
through Thomas Dungan, but no similar relation-
ship with any of the others, and that the Swanzey
and Welsh 'I'ract churches had a European exist-
ence before they came to America. A sketch of
all the great mother-churches of America would
he of unspeakable interest, but in this article wo
can only notice those already nientioncd.

Mott, Judg'e Frederick, was bom near Mont-
rose. Susipiehaniia Co., Pa., Jan. 14, 1828. Long-
ing for an education beyond that alforded by com-
mon schools or the neighboring academy, he entered
Brown University, from which he graduated in 1851.
He was principal of Derby Academy, Vt., for three

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MOUNT CARROLL

820

MOUNT PLEASANT

yoiirs, voudiiig liiw iit the Siuno time, and was ad-
mitted to tlie bar in Verinunt. In 1854 he toolc
ciiar^e ol" a union school in Upper Sandusky, 0.,
wlicre lie remained two years, and then came to
Iowa, located at Winterset, Madison Co., and im-
mediately commenced the practice of law. In
So|itember, 180'2, entered the army, and was made
adjutant of tlio 3"Jth Iowa Infantry in 18fi3, and
was commissioned by President Lincoln as assistant
adjutant-fieneral in 1864, serving as such until the
close of the war. Returning home in August,
1805, he resumed the practice of law. In 1868 he
was elected judge of the fifth judicial district of
Iowa, serving the full term of four years. In. Oc-
toljer, 1870, was elected president of the Iowa Bap-
tist State Convention, and re-elected to that position
at each of the three succeeding annual meetings.
In 1873 he was appointed to ttie professorship of
Pleading and Practice in the law department of
the State University, which position he held for
two years, and resigned to accept the jiresidency
of the University of Des iMoines. At the close of
the centennial year, his health failing him, he re-
signed liis position, and returned to his former
home at Winterset, where he now resides, en-
gaged in his profession, lie was a Baptist from
his youth up, and has always been a persistent
worker in the church and Sabbath-school. While
devoted to his own church and the general work
of his own denomination, he is deeply interested in
every good cause, and is regarded by the commu-
nity in which he has so long lived as an earnest
Christian worker and a public-spirited and in-
valuiible citizen.

Mount Carroll Seminary, now exclusively for
young ladies, is located at Mount Carroll, in Car-
roll Co., 111. It was founded in 1853, by Miss F.
A. 'Wood and IMiss C. M. Oreg(iry, graduates of tlie
Normal School at Albany, N. Y. Beginning witli
11 )iupils, the school has grown to an average yearly
attendance of nearly 200. In 1878 Miss Gregory's
connection with the institution ceased, and it has
since remained under the principalsliip of her asso-
ciate, now Mrs. F. A. W. Sheiner, with whom Miss
C. A. Jay is at present associated. The school,
which opened in a small and inconvenient room,
is now accommodated with extensive buildings,
three separate additions having been made to that
which the jinincipals erected, in the early history
of the semiiuiry, u|)on the delightful and healthful
site still occupied. 'I'he grounds are very extensive,
consisting of twenty-five acres, and are laid out in
orchards, gardens, vineyards, botanical garden,
conservatory, with a great variety of shade and
ortuimenial tre(;s. The department of instruction
consists of a preparatory, a regular four years', and
a normal course. The seminary is incorporated by
charter, with full college power to confer degrees.

It is proper to say that this institution has been
founded and built up entirely by private enterprise.
Superior executive ability has characterized its ad-
ministration from the beginning. It has grown sim-
ply through the public appreciation of its merits, no
agents having been at any time employed, either
to solicit pupils or to raise fuiuls. Apart from the
five acres of ground on which the buildings staml,
with the sum of SlOOO given at the foundation of
the school, no aid from either private or public
funds has been received. It is gi-atifying to have
this example of a school built up simply through
the good management of those in charge, with the
appreciative patronage of a discerning public.

Mount Lebanon Female College, Mount

Lebanon, La. — Simultaneously with tlie movement
to establish Mount Lebanon University the Mount
Lebanon Fenmle College was organized, and the
accomplished wife of Rev. Hanson Lee became
principal. At the beginning of the war there were
over 100 young ladies in attendance. Mrs. Lee
was succeeded by Rev. .John Q. Prescott, and upon
the suspension of the university Dr. Crane became
princijial. Finally the buildings were sold to the
State for a laboratory, where medicines were manu-
factured, under the direction of L)r. Egan. About
the close of the war an effort was made by Mr.
Prescott to revive the school. The buildings were
destroyed by fire in 1866, and no attempt has since
been made to rebuild.

Mount Lebanon University, Mount Lebanon,
La. — About 1847, Dr. B. Egan began to agitate the
question of a school of high grade at Mount Leb-
aniin. His efforts resulted in the organization of
M(junt Lebanon University, which was chartered in
1854. A donation of $10,000 was obtained from the
State, and about $50,000 raised in subscriptions;
a commodious college building and president's
house were erected, a large boarding-hall pro-
vided, and an able faculty secured. Rev. Jesse
Ilartwell, D.D., accepted the presidency, and in a
short time nearly 200 students were in attendance.
Dr. Ilartwell died in 1859, and Itev. W. C. Crane,
D.D., LL.D., now president of Baylor University,
Texas, was called to the presidency. But in the
midst of its yjrosperity the war began, and the
students and faculty were dispersed. Early in the
war the endowment notes matured, and were paid
in Confederate money, invested in Confederate
bonds, and consequently lost. After the war an
effort was made to revive the institution, Imt after
a few years' struggle the enterprise was virtually
abandoned. The academical department is still
maintained, but with some irregularity. The re-
vival of prosperity in the State has awakened n
new interest in education, and the (|uestion of re-
viving the university is receiving serious attention.

Mount Pleasant College was founded in

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3I0UNTJ0Y

821

MUIR

Iluntaville, Mo., in 1854. A. S. AVorrell, D.D., is
tho pfcsidoMt. lie is an ailinirublo toaciior, and
tlio inbtitiitidii is rapidly advaiioiiij;. It is foi' both
suxcs ; l.'-i8 wci-u iMati-iciiliitL'd last year. The iii-
stmiotion includes all, lietween the lowest primary
and a full college course. ' ' '

The decrees of A. 15. and A.M. are-conferred, ac-
cording to the .scholarship of the candidates. The
atudriits are [iledged to temperance and good con-
duct. This college is in iiandol|)h County, in a
line portion of tho State, and it is doing a needed
and noble work.

Mountjoy, Rev. Joseph, was born Jan. 1, IS06,
at Little Dean Hill, Gloucestershire, Eng. lie was
awakened under the ministrations of a Methodist in
1822, and after severe struggles he found peace in
the blood of the Lamb. In 1S26 he yielded to the
call of God to preach the go.spel, and .served in the
Methodist denomination with much acceptance for
twenty years, llis constant study of God's word,
and lii.s conviction of its supreme authority, led him,
as it has guided multitudes, from ped(il)a|>tism to
believer's immersion. After following the Saviour's
Jordan e.xamjjie ho exercised his ministry among
the Baptists for thirty-two years. Mr. Jlountjoy
had a strong desire to build elsewhere than upim
" another man's foundation," and in carrying out
this purpose he was instrumental in erecting tlie
first Baptist meeting-house at Ruardean, which was
dedicated in April, 1854. In July, 1855, a Baptist
church was fornieii, of whicli ho became the pastor.
In it he laboreil so successfully that it became
necessary to enlarge the editice, and visit the
baptismal waters fve(juently with i-ojoioing converts.
He was greatly distinguished for piety, untiring
labors, and usefulness. He died July 29, 1879.

Moxom, Rev. P. S., was born in Palermo,
Canada, Aug. lU, 1848. Removed when a child to
Ogle Co., III. In January, 1862, went out with
the 78th III. Regiment, as page to Capt. Bewley.
A few days after the battle of Fort Donelson, at
the age of fifteen, he enlisted in the 17th III. Cav-
alry, and served until Nov. 28, 18(i5. Jan. 1, 18fi6,
lie entered KalaiuazOD College, Mich., where he was
converted and baptized into the fidlowsliip of the
ISattle Creek church by his father. Rev. J. II.
Moxom. In the autumn of 1SG8 he entered Shnrt-
letf College, where lie remained until 1870, when
he returned to Michigan to teach. In 1871 en-
gaged in the study of law, but in a little while
abandoned that for the ministry. Ilis first settle-
ment was at Bcllevuo, .Mich., where lie received
ordination. In October, 1872, became pastor of the
church at Alliion, Mieli., anil in 1875 renioveil to
Rochester, N. Y., to pursue theological studies.
l.>uring the period of bis studii^s in lloeliester was
pastor of the church at Mount .Morris. Was called,
in November, lS70, to the pastorate of the First

church, Cleveland, 0., where he still remains. In
June, 1879, was graduated with tlie degree of A. 15.
from tho University of Rochester. Has published
sermons and reviews, and he is regarded as a young
num of great energy and promise.

Muir, Rev. William, was born in Scotland in
Febrimry, 1829. His parents were Presbyterians,
and he received u careful religious training from
them. For several years he devoted himself to
agricultural pursuits. When he was seventeen
years of age he was apprenticed to learn a trade,
and continued at the same until 1860. When he
grew up to manhood he connected himself with
tho Presbyterian Church, although, as he subse-
quently had reason to believe, he knew nothing of
experimental religion. In 1852 he left his native
country and came to Canada, taking up his resi-
dence near Toronto. Early in tho year 1855 he
met with a severe accident, which laid him aside
from labor for two months. Having recovered
measurably from its oflTects, he returned to his
usual employment. Two days after recommencing
work he was caught in the machinery, and came to
all appearance within a hair's breadth of losing his
life. These providences of God aroused his atten-
tion, in connection with the warm ap|jeals of a
personal friend, and lie became a hopeful Christian.
In a little more than a year he and his wife were
baptized and joined the church at Cheltenham.
Ilin-e lie remained four years, when he was li-
censed to preach the gospel. At once he went to
the Canadian Literary Institute to acquire an edu-
cation, in which he spent three years, and then was
ordained to the work of the gospel ministry. Hav-
ing devoted seven years to the pastoral work, he
became, in April, 1871, office editor and business
manager of the Canadian Baptist, the recognized
organ of tho Baptist denomination in the provinces
of Ontario, tiuebec, and Manitolia. In 1874 he
became managing editor, and virtually, proprietor,
which position he still retains.

Mulcahy, Rev. Michael, was born in Fermoy,
County of Cork. Ireland, in 1842. lie received a
good education in England, where he spent his
youth ; in 1S67 he emigrated to Canada, was con-
verted in 1869, and joined the Baptist church at;
Boston, where his natural eloquence and ])leadings
for Jesus led many to believe. He prepared for
the ministry at AV'oodstock, preaching to destitute
churches while pursuing his studies. He was suc-
cessively pastor at Grand Blanc, Canada ; Ovid,
Mich.; South Bend, Iinl. ; and f^ittlo Rock, Ark.,
where he was also chaplain (d' the State senate.
An attack of hemoirliagi; compelled him to sock
health in (y'alifornia. Reaching San Francisco,
Sept. 4, 1873, he was called to the vacant pulpit of
the First church. His fervid eloquence drew large
audiences to the church, and he was on the eve of

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MUKllO

an evident revival when a return of liis old disease
broLif:;lil liini to tin early grave. He died Jan. 4,
1874.
Mulford, Rev. Clarence W., was horn nt Sa-

loiii, N. J., June S, ISOli; was converted and bap-
tised at nineteen ; studied at Princeton for a time ;
was ordained pastor of the Bikptist church at l^eni-
liciton, i\. .J., in November, 1830. lie was five
years there, and nearly ten at llii^htstown. Ilia
pa.storales at Fleiiiiiigton and Ilohiidel yielded much
fruit, ile was particularly blessed in leading souls
to Christ. He frequently assisted neighboring pas-

RKV. CLARENCE \V. MUI.l'ORLl.

tors, llis voice had unusual power to attract and
impress. lie was one of the early friends of the
New Jersey State Convention, was for several years
its secretary, and its president from 1843 to 184'J.
Ill the early days of the temperance reformation
lie stood almost alone, but he was a brave advocate
in the face of opposition. Through failure of
health he was obliged to give up preaching for the
most part in the latter years of his life, but having
studied medicine, he was very useful in that pro-
fession, at the same tinni ministering to the spiritual
comfort of his patients. He died June 28, 1804,
at Flemingtou,,N. J.

Mulford, Hon. Horatio J., was born at Canton,
N. J., Jan. 10, 18 IS. lie was trained to business,
and has been engaged for many years in the man-
agement of his own, and in taking part in public
affairs, lie was baptized at Bridgeton, and uniteil
with the First Bajitist church in 18.03. lie was
elected deacon in 185(), and still holds the office,
lie was for a long time superintejident of the Sun- 1

day-school. lie is a member of the university board
at Lewisburg, a trustee of the Crozer Theological
Seminary, and u manager of the Baptist I'ublica-
tion Society. Ho is greatly interested in the edu-
cation of the ministry ; has been president of the

HON. nORATIO J. .MUl.l-ORD.

New Jersey Baptist Education Society since 1857,
and still holds that ollico. His earnestness, execu-
tive ability, and liberality have been particularly
prominent in bringing the South Jersey Institute to
its present [u-osperity. Mr. Mulfjrd's sympatliies
go far Ijeyond the societies with which he is offi-
cially connected. His help is relied upon by those
who take the largest views of spreading the gospel.
Mundy, Rev. J. A., was born in Virginia about

1833; graduated at Kiel ind College in 1S58, and

was pastor of several imixu-tant churches in Vir-
ginia before ho removed to North Carolina, in 1875.
He has been for more than fouryears pastor of the
^Varrenton church. Mr. Mundy is regarded as one
of the fin(>st pri'achers in the State.

Munro, Rev. Andrev? Heber, was born in Sur-
rey, England, in 1827, of Scotch parents. He was
chielly educated at home, but went for a time to a
private institution in the south of London, and
from thence to the Normal College of the British
and Foreign School Society. After a short attend-
ance at the college, he was sent out by the society
as one of the teachers of a Model and Normal
School established by the government of New
Brunswick. He afterwards taught for a time in
the Methodist College at Saekville, and subse-
quently became Latin and nmthematical tutor in
the Baptist Seminary at Fredericton, New Hruns-

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MUNRO

823

MURDOCK

wick, where lio also rend tlieoloj^y with I)i\ Spur-
den. Wliile at the seminary he hef!;an preaoliing,
tlie scene of his laljors being the Welsh settlement
of Cardigan, nineteen miles distant, and was in-
strnmental in the conversion of a large number of
jiersons. lie was ordained at I>igby, Nova Scotia,
in 1807. In IS(K) he toiik charge of tho North Bap-
tist church. Ilalil'ax, Nova Scotia, where he re-
mained nearly seven years. From thence he went
to the First church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and
after a short pastorate removed to Liverpool, in the
same province. In 1SG9 he accepted a cordial in-
vitation to Alexander Street church, Toronto, Onta-
rio, where, during seven years, his ministry was
liighly appreciated by the church and community.
lie then entered upon his present charge, the pas-
torate of the First church, Montreal, and shortly
after his settlement the church received into its fel-
lowship nearly the entire membership of the St.
Catharine .Street church. During his ministry of
twenty-four years he has been permitted to see
several extensive revivals of religion.

As a public speaker, Mr. Munro is one of the
most attractive and popular men in the Dominion
of Canada. Both in the pulpit and on the platform
lie is at unce powerful, graceful, and eloquent. He
is one of the trustees of the Toronto liaptist Col-
lege, anil secretary of the Eastern Missionary Con-
vention and of the Baptist Union of Canada.

MlUiro, Rev. James, was boriL in Scotland in
1784: converted in 1806 in Chester, Nova Scotia;
baptized in New York in 1807 ; returned to Nova
Scotia, and commenced preaching in Ilalifa.K;
evangelized with Rev. Joseph Crandall, in 1815, to
the east of Halifax ; ordained in 1810, and evan-
gelized on eastern shores of New Brunswick, and
in 1818 up the St. John River; became pastor at
Onslow in 1819, and continued in this relation un-
til his death, July 3, 18.")8. Possessing a keen,
logical mind, sterling integrity, fervent piety, and
Bound thecdogy, Mr. Munro's ministry was highly
useful.

Munster, The Uproar at.— See article on Av.^-

BAl'TlSrS.

Miinzer, Thomas. — See article on AvAnAPTisTs.

Murch, William Harris, D.D., was bom at
Iloniton, England, May 17, 1781. He was en-
tered as a student lor the ministry at an Independ-
ent Qollege when he was quite a lad. Here that
most charming little book. Fuller's " Life of .Samuel
Pearce," fell into his hands, and led him to abandon
the Arian belief, in which he had been brought
up, and to embrace evangelical truth. In May,
1802, he was baptized by Dr. Ri|ipon, at Carter
Lane meeting-house, London, being then seventeen.
He continued his studies for two years longer, and
subsequently preached in several places without
any stated charge. On J<din Foster's retirement

from the pastorate of Sheppard's Barton church,
Frome, Mr. Murch succeeded him, having previ-
ously supplied the pulpit for six months during
Mr. Poster's affliction. He remained pastor, with
many evidences of usefulness, for twenty-one years,
when ho was invited to the presidency of Stepney
College, the Baptist theological seminary in the
metropolis. He entered upon his w(jrk there in
1827. During his presich'uey the interests of the
college were diligently advanced, and a large num-
ber of students prepai-ed for the ministry. When
he retired from this position, in 1844, alter seven-
teen years' service, the tutors and students of the
colleges at Bristol, Bradford, and Stepney combined
to do honor to him fur his worth and usefulness.
The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by
Brown University during his presidential course.
He presided over the church at Kickmansworth for
a short time, and rendered occasional services to
churches in and around London until compelleil by
illness to retire from public employments. He died
at Bath, July 12, 18r)'.), and was buried at Frome,
the scene of his early labors. During his residence
in Lond(m he identilied himself with all the literary
and religious institutions of the denomination. He
was one of the secretaries of the Baptist Union from
1834 to 1840, secretary of the Baptist Board fi-om
1837 to 1843, and gave his care and interest to the
"New Selection Hymn-Book" for several years.
His end was peculiarly peaceful and edifying. His
uiind was unclouded and serene to the last. He
bad n\ade daily allusion to his approaching depart-
ure for several months, and expressed himsidf as
ready and waiting. His last words, an hour be-
fore his death, were, "Precious Saviour! all is
right; precious Saviour I"

Murdock, John Nelson, D.D., was Ijorn in Os-
wego, N. Y., Dec. 8, 1820, and received his early
religious education among the Methodists. His
devoted Christian mother named him after one of
the co-laborers of John Wesley, and her earnest
prayer was that he might become a minister of the
gospel. He was fitted for college by teachers well
(pialificd for their work, one of them. Master IIo-
gan, having been educated at Oxford University.
In consequence of his father's death he was obliged
to give up the idea of taking a collegiate course.
Having chosen the legal pi-ofession for his future
vocation, he commenced his law studies, and while
engaged in them carried on special courses of math-
ematics and languages, including French and (ier-
man. Having completed his law studies, he was
admitted to the bar. At the age of seventeen he
became a hopeful Christian, and united with the
Methodist Church in his native city. Not long
after commencing the practice of his profession his
religious life was greatly quii^koned, and the duty
and privilege of serving his Master in the ministry

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MVRDOCK

824

MURPHY

of tiie Woril was so impressed upon liiiii that lie
was licensed to preaeli. Wliile supplying the pul-
pit of a Methodist church in Jordan, N. Y., in 1841,
his attention was drawn to the subject of baptism.

JOHN' NELSON' M UKDOCK, D.D. ,1.

and us tlie result of his investigations lie was bap- '
tized in 1S42, at Durliamville, N. Y., by Rev. Sey-
mour W. Adams, hite of Cleveland, 0. His ordina-
tion as a ])a|itist minister took place at Waterville,
N. Y., in iMay, 1842, when he was but a few months
Ixjyond his majority. Here he remained until 3'A.n-
uary, 184(5, wlien he became pastcjr of the church in
Albion, N. X. In April, 1848, he entered upon
.his duties as pastor of the Suutli church, in Hart-
ford, from which place he was called to the pastor-
ate 111' the IJowdoin Square church, Boston, his
service there commencing Jan. 1, 1857, and con-
tinuing until Jan. 1, 1803, a period of just six years.
Ill July of this year lie was elected secretary of the
Jlissionary Union, which position he now holds.

I>uring a part of the time of Dr. Murdock's min-
istry in Hartford — i.e., L'i.'iS-SG — he was joint editor
witli llev. Dr. II. TurnbuU of the Christian Review.
The number of his published sermons is twenty-
one. All of these were called for by the bodies be-
fore which they were delivered. The amount of
literary work which he has done in his extensive
and varied correspondence, and in the preparation
of his valuable reports and special ])apers in his
ollicial relations to tlie Missionary Union, it is im-
possible to compute. Ilonnred and beloveil by the
denomination which he has so long and so faithfully
served, Dr. Murdock takes a high jilace in the front

ranks of her most worthy and distinguished mem-
bers. Ho received the honorary degree of Doctor
of Divinity from Rochester University in 1854.

Murfee, James T., LL.D. — His paternal grand-
father was the llev. .Simon Murfee, a prominent
Baptist minister of the Portsmouth Association,
Sontliampton (Jo., Va. His ancestors were a pious
peojde, and they were Baptists. The subject of this
sketch was born in Southampton Co., Va., Sept. 13,
1833. His early home surroundings were of the
best character. He graduated from the Virginia
Military Institute at Lciington in 1853, without a
single demerit and with the highest honors of his
class. Soon after graduating he was elected Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in
Madison College. Thence called to Lynchburg
College, where he united with the Baptist Church
in 1857 ; was called to the University of Alabama
in 18IjO as Professor of Mathematics, and became
commandant of cadets in that institution. At the
close of the war he was employed as architect to
design and erect new buildings for the institution.
He then recommended " a new scheme of university
organization," which was adopted by the trustees,
but was defeated by State reconstruction, lie was
called to the presidency of Howard College to put
in operation a plan which promised results so long
felt as most desirable. The work accom|)lished at
Howard College since the introduction of the sys-
tem of college administration originated by James
T. Murfee bears testimony to the superiority of the
method employed. This position he still holds to
the universal .satisfaction of the denomination.

Murphy, John R., D.D., was bom Dec. 8, 1820,
in Cape May Co., X. J. As he approached man-
hood he concluded to study law, but after his
conversion felt constrained to devote his life to
the ministry. lie was baptized, in 1841, by
Rev. J. II. Keniiard, D.D., and united with the
Tenth Baptist church, Philadelphia. He pursued
his studies for a time at Branchfown, Pa., and at
the old Germantown Academy. He grailuated
from Madison University in August, 1849, and
was ordained in Philadelphia in 1849. From 1850
to 1852 he was pastor of the Greenwich Baptist
church, Cumberland Co., N. J. From 1853 to 1859
he was pastor of the Marlton church, Burlington
Co., N.J. From 1859 to 1872 ho was pastor of
the First Baptist church, Salem, N. J. During
these years of labor in New Jersey he was closely
identitied with the Uaptist enterprises in the State.
During 1864 he s)ient some time at White House
and t.'ity Point, Va., willi the ITnion army, as a
member of the Christian Commission. In 1872 he
accepted a call to the pastorate of the First Baptist
church, Des Moines, in which position he remained
till September, 1879, sharing with his brethren in
Iowa the responsibilities of the general work. At

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l(; ' 'KlC'll 'i!'l'

MURPHY

825

MURROW

present lie is residing near Winteraet, Iowa, wait-
ing for improved liealth to resume pastoral work.
During his twenty-seven and a half years of minis-
terial labor ho has received into the four cliurclies
he has served nearly 1000 members, over 000 of
whom eaiiie by baptism.

Murphy, Rev. Joseph, like his 'brother Wil-
liam, was made a hapjiy subject of redeeming
grace in early life, and a preacher of the Ijlesscd
gospel, lie and his brotlier were sneeringly called
'' the Murphy boys," because of theiryouth. Joseph
gave great diligence to his education after his con-
version, that he might be fully qualified to preach
the gos|)cl. lie had mental power, ready wit, and
fearless courage, and he had a heart in which Christ
reigned supreme. After preaching with much suc-
cess in his native Virgitiia, he took charge uf the
churcii in Deep Creek, Surrey Co., N. C. In his
new home he was eminently useful, and soon be-
■came the leading minister in the Yadkin Associa-
tion. Ills inlluenoe also had weight in South Caro-
lina, lie was living in 1803, and had passed his
eightieth year, an honored and happy Christian.

Murphy, Rev. William, was led to the Saviour
And baptized by the celebrated Shubal Stearns.
His talents were re.spectable, his faith vigorous,
and his zeal burning. He was the chief instru-
ment in leading Col. Sanniel Harris to Jesus, and
he was also favored in bringing a whole harvest of
souls to the same blessed Redeemer. Mr. Muiphy
had not oidy a sound Christian experience, but his
doctrines were those of Calvin, Augustine, and
Paul. In the year 1775j when the churciics were
agitated by the Arminian controversy, Mr. Murphy,
with great ability and success, defended sovereign
and eflicacious grace. lie wont to Kentucky for a
permanent home, where he labored with the divine
approval for a few years, and then was transferred
to the church in glory.

Murphy, Hon. William D., was bom in New

York, June 4, 1790; died Aug. 26, 1877. A full
record of the life of Mr. Murphy would |u-esent an
illustration of tlio success and intellectual develop-
ment that so often attend upon young men whose
hearts are inlhuuioed by correct religious princi-
ples, and who are diligent in business. He had
received an English education, but with a wonder-
ful memory, great pouer of observation, and re-
markable conversational abilities, he was enaliled
to make up for any deficiencies in his caidier op-
portunities. His life was one of continuous study
as well as activity. lie was greatly respected in
his luitive city, and was often called to fill im-
portant trusts. As member of common council in
1841 and 1842, and of the board of education for
several years, he manifested great interest in the
schools, and conscientiously discharged his duties.
In public discussions he displayed much ability,
63

and was full of quiet wit and hunior, and master
of an audience.

Ho was liO|icfnlly converted in June, 1813, and
■joined the Mulberry Street church, New York.
In 1828 he removed his membership to the Oliver
Street church, of which lie was nnide a trustee, and
for many years took a deep interest in its welfare.
As a lay preacher, he often delighted in bringing
the consolations of the gospel before the destitute
in the asylujns of New York, and few men were
more widely known or more warmly welcomed.
He enjoyed a happy old age in the bosom of his
family, where he was greatly beloved by an affec-
tionate household. He )jul)lished, as the result of
the leisure of his later years, a vulume entitled ,
''The Advent, and other Poems and Hymns.'' He ,,,
represented a New York district in the United
States (Jongress fur two years.

Murrow, Rev. Joseph Samuel, a missionary
to the Choctaw Indians, in the Indian Territory,
sent out and supported by the Rehol.oth Baptist
Association of Georgia, was born in Jefl'erson Co.,
Ga., June 7, 1835. He became a Christian at a
very early age, and received academical instruction
in youth. He joined Green Fork Baptist church,
in Burke Co., Ga., at nineteen ; was licensed at
twenty. In 1855, at the age of twenty, he entered
Mercer University, where he pursued his studies
diligently until ordained and sent out as a mission-
ary to the Indian Territory in the fall of 1857. In
November of that year he began what has proved
to Be a long, laborious, and useful missionary life,
in which much of hardship and suD'cring has been
mingled with great success and joy.

He settled at North Fork town, and began hia
missionary work among the Creeks, among whom
he labored most assiduously for two years. He
then removed to Little River, Creek Nation, and
began a work among the Seminolea. In 1861 ho
constituted the first Baptist church ever formed
among that tribe. During the war the Seminoles
selected him as their agent, in transactions with
the government, to receive their food and snpplii.'s;
ami, as he was cut oil' fiom the Association which
sustained him, ho was thus supported ; but ha
never forgot his character as a missionary, nor
ceased to maintain it, while performing his olficjal
duties to the satisfaction of both the government
and tribe. One of the first structures built always
was a bush arbor for ])reaching services. For sev-
eral years he and his wife lived thus with the Sem-
inoles, during which period ho baptized 200 of that
inition, and may thus be considered the father of
the mission work among the Seminoles. Three-
fifths of the adults of that nation are now Baptists.

The war closed in 1865, and his duties as Indian
agent came to an end. Being still cut off frum his
Association, ho took refuge for a year in Texas,

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MVRSELL

826

MUS GROVE

but rotiiriK'd in 1806, sottling at Atukii, Clioetiiw
Natiuii, Llio first inissioniiry to ruturn to tlie Indian
iielj aftur tlie war. IIo ibund thu Olioctaw niiHsion
in a very demoralized condition, and jiroceuded af
once to reorganize the ehureliesi, in whicli lie was
very successful, constituting a largo Association,
and iiutting tlie Snnday-sclioor work on a lieiiltliy
basis. The liaptist 'riieologieal School, lor train-
ing teachers and preachers, now being established at
Talle(|ua!i, Cherokee Nation, by the Hume JMission
Society of the North, is the conecption of his brain,
lie has now been a missionary among tlie Indians
for twenty-four years, lias preached thousands of
sermons, traveled liundreds of thousands of miles,
and baptized over a thousand Indians, yet there
is no abatement in his desire to live and labor for
the triuiiipli of the gospel among the red iulmi of
the West.

Mursell, Rev. James, the eldest son of the Uev.
J. p. iMursell, was born at Leicester, England, July
22, l!S2'J. He received a liberal education, and
after two or three years of secular employment, in
connection with the great railway works of Sir
Morton I'etu, he determined to give himself to min-
isterial work, having previously been baptized and
received into his father's church at Leicester. After
a brief period of study and tutorial work at Alier-
deen, he entered Rristnl College, and at the con-
clusion of the college course he was invited to the
pastorate of the church at Kettering, as successor to
the Rev. AVilliam Kobinson, who had recently re-
moved to Cambridge. For seventeen years Sir.
]Mursell labored at Kettering, with a zeal, devotion,
and power which attracted general interest and en-
couraged the highest expectations. Few men were
mere genial in manners, or had more attached
friends. A new edifice was erected more worthy
of the denominational celebrity of the town, and
better adajited to the wants of the congregation.
lie removed from Kettering to Bradford in 1870,
and after a brief pastorate there, settled at New-
castle-on-Tyne in 1872. In the fullness of success-
ful labors and growing inliuence ho died, May 28,
187"), in his forty-si.>;tli year.

Mursell, Rev. James Philippo, was liorn at

Lymiiigton, England, in ISiJIJ. His father, Uev.
William MurseU, labored for many years in tliat
town and neighborhoud as a Baptist pastor. I\Ir.
James P. Mursell was educated at tin; famous
Baptist school conducted liy the Uev. James llinton,
i)f O.xford, and having given' abundant evidence of
ministerial gifts in village ])reacliiiig, he was en-
lereil at Bristol College in 1822. Ilia remarkable
ability as a preaclier procured him several over-
tures from pastorless churches before liis course of
study was completed, and in 1825 he commenced his
stated ministry as pastor of the church at AVells,
Somersetshire. In 1820, on the removal of Robert

Hall from Leicester to Bristol, the attention of the
church at Leicester was directed to Mr. Mursell,
and in the following year he entered upon his min-
istry as Mr. Hall's successor in the pastorate. For
nearly fifty years Mr. Mursell continued to min-
ister to the same church, and he was the recognized
leader of the denomiMatiou in the miitland district.
In conjunction with Mr. Eilwanl Miall he took a
con3|)icuiuis jiart in organizing the anti-state-
eliurch inoveun.'nt, in 1843. He occupied the chair,
of the Bajitist Union in 1804, and presided over the
first of the autumnal assemblies of that bodv.
'i'liroughout his long and honorable career Mr.
Mursell rendered valuable service to the denomi-
national interests, particularly in connection with
the foreign missions, of which for many years he
was one of the Committee of Management.

Muscatine, Iowa.— The Baptist ehunh at this
place is among the oldest churches of the State.
It was constituted in 1841, and has always held a
good position among the churches of Iowa. It has
a suljstantial meeting-house, valued at lJ14,U(iO,
and 202 members.

Muse, Rev. Thomas, of Cuthbert, Ga., was
born in Middlesex Co., Va., Jan. 6, 1810. His
grandparents were natives of England. At seven-
teen years of age Mr. Muse began to engage in
mercantile pursuits, which he continued for four-
teen years. In 18M2 he was bafitized, and four
years after removed to Georgia, settling in Blakely,
Early Co. While still merchandising he gradually
entered into the duties of a minister, led on liy liis
zeal and the necessity for ministerial labor in his
neighborhood. In consequence he was licensed
May 7, 1837, and ordained in December, 1840, to
take charge of a church organized in Blakely out
of material resulting from his own personal laljors,
and which before he left its service numbered 200
members. Mr. Muse moved to Cuthbert to take
charge of achurch there, and alsoof one in Randol|)li
Coiiiity ; and has continued to the present time a
faithful, laborious, and successful minister and
pastor. He has succeeded in winning souls to
Christ far beyond what is granted to most |ias-
tors, for more than 4O00 have been liaptized by iiis
own hands. He has licen greatly lieloved by his
churches, and his ])astorates have lasted from four
to twenty years. He aided in establisliing the
Baptist Female College in Cuthbert, and became
president of its board of trustees. For twentv
years lie has been moderator of the Bethel Asso-
ciation, anil for forty years lias lieen actively en-
gaged in all its interests.

Musgrove, Rev. Thomas Jefferson, was born
in JMason Co., Ky., Jan. 30, 1837. His parents re-
moved to Clark Co., Mo., in 1840. The subject of
this sketch finished his college course wlien twenty-
four years of age. In May, 1801, he was ordained

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MUSIC

827

NASHVILLE

■ to the ministry. In 1S(J7 lie tuok charge of the
public schools in Alexamlriii, Mo. Afterwards ho
cstahlibhcd tlii' Pleasant Hill Academy, where he
tnuixht for four years. Then he accepted the eiuirge
of the schools in Alexandria a second time. After
laboring for two years in this capacity he estab-
lished Alexandria College, of whi(di lie is the presi-
dent, lie is a Baptist, and a man of energy,
character, and nsefulness.

Music, Rev. Thomas R., was born Oct. 17,
17uti; was converted at the age of seventeen, lie
spent his early life in North Carolina. He came to
Missouri with his family in 1803. lie lived in St.
Louis County. In 1807 he organized the Fee Fee
church, among the constituent members of whicli
were Adam Martin and bis wife Mar^', Iticliard
and Jane Sullens, Tlios. U. jNIusic and bis wife
Sarah. Elder Lirown, from Kentucky, and John
Clark, labored with Mr. Music, who died in 1842.
Mr. Music preached in Missouri, where he was
persecuted by Catholics, and needed a gun to

guard bim from Indians. Ho is buried in the
church grounds at Fee Fee. 'I'ho old people still
cherish his memory.

Mynatt, Rev. Wm. C, was born in Knox Co.,
Tenn., Nov. 10, 1808, and was baptized by llev.
Samuel Love, in 1832; removed to Asheville, Ala.,
in 1833, and that year he began to preach, and was
ordained in 1836, in Cherokee County, where, in
connection with other counties, he spent his best
days as a minister, living ten years of that time in
Dc Kalb County ; spent several years as missionary
of the Domestic Mission Board, and was unques-
tionably the leading minister in that part of the
State. In 18.57 he removed to Calhoun County,
where he still resides ami laljors for Christ ; though
seventy-two years old he is constantly active. lie
has baptized large numbers of converts, and has
been a most trustworthy and gifted minister of
the gospel. His son, llev. J. B. INIynatt, and his
brother, l!ev. (jordon Mynatt, are also worthy Ba|>
tist ministers.

-»-»=

N.

Nash., Rev. C. H., was born at North Gran-
ville, Washington Co., N. Y., Dec. 6, 1835 ; and
nine years from that time was born again ; but for
want of proper instruction and encouragement,
was not baptized until 1850. lie became impressed
that it was his duty to preach the gospel, and in
1857 commenced a prejiaratory course at Troy Con-
ference Academy, I'oultney, Vt. ; and two years
later entered on the regular course at Madison Uni-
versity, Hamilton, N. Y. Completing his studies
at Hamilton, he was called, in 1864, to the pastorate
of the Baptist church at Westport, N. Y. Here he
was ordained. He remained .at Westport four
year's and a hall', iluring which the church was
considerably increased and strengthened. In 1869
he visited Glen's Falls, N. Y., and after supplying
the pulpit of the Baptist church there for a few
months, accepted the call of the church to the pas-
torate, and labored with much success for ten years
and a half. In 1879 he resolved to enter some
mission field in the great AVest. Finding a little dis-
couraged, scattered churcli at Concordia, Kansas, he
commenced labor there under the appointment of
the Home Mission Society. During two years this
church has doubled in membership, and Ims now a
neat brick edifice nearly completed. With the ad-
vantage of this new church, centrally located, and
with the Lord's blessing, tliere is a good work in
prospect at Concordia.

Nash, John Anson, D.D., was born in Shel-
burn, Chenango Co., N. Y., July 11, 1815. In his
sixteenth year he united with the Methodist Church,
and soon after he embraced Baptist views. Feeling
called to preach the gospel, be entered Madison
University in 1836, and graduated from college in
1842, and from the seminary in 1844. Having ac-
cepted a call from the Baptist church at Water-
town, N. Y., he immediately entered upon the duties
of his pastorate, and was ordainiid in September,
1844. lie remained at Watertown about six years.
In 1850 lie came to Iowa. He has preached to the
Baptist churcbes in Des Moines about seventeen
and a half years; lias extended his labors far into
the surrounding country, gathering and organizing
nearly thirty Baptist churches. In 1865, on the
starting of tli(! Universily of Des Moines, by the
advice of the movers in this enterprise, he resigned
his pastorate and entered upon its work ; first as
financial agent, then as professor, and for several
years he has been its president, wliicdi office he now
holds. Much of this time, however, he has spent
in supplying destitute churches in the surrounding
region. In 1877 he rcci'ivcd the degree of D.D.
from the University of Chiengo.

Nashville, First Colored Church of. — Key. N.
G. jMerry became pastor of this community in 1853,
when it was a branch of the First church of white
Baptists. Since that time the organization has be-

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h-lR6T COLOKKLP UAI'TIST Clll'lll'll, N ASKVl l.l.E, TENN.

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NASHVILLE

829

NA TIONAL

come independent, and it has been unusually pros-
perous. Tlio chui-ch has grown from 100 to 2300
iiu^niberH, and it lias built four times since 1853.
'J'lieir present edifice co.st S2ti,UO0, and it will seat
lliOO persons. It is an honor to the colored Bap-
tists of the State.

Nashville Institute is situated one mile from
Nasliviiie, Triin., U|Kin a property eontaiiiini^ thirty
acres, adjoining the Vanderl)ilt University grounds.
The site is high, and commands an unsurpassed
prospect of the city and surrounding country. The
estate was bought in the spring of 1874 I'or the
American Baptist Homo Mission Society, at a cost

The institute has a " Normal," an " Academic,"
n "Scientific," a " Classical," and a '"Theologi-
cal" course. It prepares young men and women
for teaching, and it educates students I'ur the Chris-
tian ministry. For l.S,SU-81 the institute liad 8
instructors and 24'J students of both sexes. Nash-
ville Institute has been and is now a rich blessing
to the colored Baptists of this country.

Natchez Seminary. — This institution is devoted
to the instruction of freedmen. It is located at
Natchez, Miss., and is doing a noble work. The
spring term of 1880 closed with 117 matriculates,
of whom 31 were preparing for the ministry, and

NaSIIVII.I.E INSTITITE.

of $30,000. At the time it had a mansion ujion it,
48 by SO feet, and two stories high. Tlie Society
spent about $45,000 in additional buildings, exclu-
sive of the cost of furnishing. The Institute took
possession of its home in October, 1876.

The mansion-house now has four stories, and
furnishes apartments for the teachers and dormi-
tories for tlie young women. Centennial Ilall, 49
by 185 feet, and four stories in height, in its ample
baseiaent ]irovides accommodations for the board-
ing dejiartment. The llrst story is devoted to pub-
lic rooms, and the three stories above it furnish
dorn)itories fm- about 140 young men. Fin- this
building the Institute is chiefly indebted to Mr.
and Mrs. Nathan Bishop, of New York.

4C design to become teachers. The institution has
the liearty sympathy of the Baptists of Mississippi,
and is destined to become an important factor in
the elevation of the colored race.

National Monitor, The, Brooklyn, N. Y., was
established in 1870 by Bev. Uufus L. Perry as the
oflicial organ of the colored Baptists of the United
States. The condition of the colored people made
it necessary for this paper to bo of a politico-
religious character, which it still iimintains. It
circulates anujng the prominent colored people
North and South, and is read in Canada, Ilayti,
and Africa. It is now one of the leading and most
influential papers among the colored peo|jle. Rev,
Uufus L. Perry is still editor.

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KKALh:

830

Ki: BR A SKA

Neale, RollinHeber, D.D., was born in Soutli-
ingtoii, (/'uiiii. lie prepiirtHl fur goHo^^u in his native
town, anil i;rii(.lu:ite(l at CoUmiliian College, AV'asli-
ington, Li, (J., in tljo class of KSiiU. While a stndent

.C^

.r

KOI.I.IN nElllCR NEALE, D.D.

in college he was ordained as pastor of the Second
Baptist chnreh in Washington, and preached there
the last two years of his course. Wliile pursuing
his studies at the Newton Theological Institution
he was the yuLstor of the South lioston IJaptist'
church. He grailuated at Newton in 18.';3. From
the spring of 1834 to September, 1837, he was the
pastor of the First Tiaptist church in New Ilaven,
Conn., I'roni wliich place he was called to the pas-
torate of the First Baptist churcli in Boston, Sept.
17, 1837, and continued in that relation until June,
1877, a period cif nearly forty .years. Few pastor-
ates in Baptist churclies have been so long, and
few have been more harmonious. The labors of
Dr. Neale, extending on through all these years,
have been greatly blessed, his church, under the
mjnistrations of their pastor, having been favored
with many precious revivals of religion.

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred
upon Dr'. Neale by Brown University in 18.50, and
by Harvard College in 1857. Ho has published a
few sermons, a Harvard College Dudleian lecture,
a little volume called the '• Burning Bush," and
he has written much for the public press. Many
of the addresses which he made (and in the making
of which he had a most happy gift) on funeral oc-
casions of dear friends have found their way into
print. They were the outgushiiigs of a warm.

.synipathizinf; heart, and were exceedingly a)ipro-
priate to the occasions upon which they were
uttered.

Dr. Neale visited Europe four times, one of
whicli was in company with Rev. Dr. Kirk, the late
eloquent pastor of the Mount Vernon Congrega-
tional church, who was liis companion while trav-
eling in the Holy Land.

For many years he was a " visitor" and an over-
seer of Harvard University. He always took
an interest in public affairs, and from the pulpit
e.xpressed his views upon the great moral questions
of the day. He was known to lie a minister of a
kind and catholic spirit, and while he held a very
warm place in the hearts of his own brethren in
the ministry, he had the respect and ailection of the
clerical profession of all denominations in Boston
and its vicinity. He entered upon his eternal re-
ward in 1870, from the city where lie lived for so
miiny years.

Nebraska. — Nebraska occupies a position near
the centre of tlie re|)ublic. Bounded north by
D;ikota, east by the Missouri River, south by
Kansas, and west by Wyoming. It was originally
a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was organ-
ized as a Territory M.ay 30, 18.-)4, by the Kansas
and Nebraska Act. It was admitted into the
Union as a sovereign State in March, 18tJ7. The
extreme length of the State from east to west is
within a fraction of 413 miles, and its extreme
width from north to south is 208 miles, In area
the State contains nearly 75,995 square miles, or
about 48,636,800 acres. The area of Nebraska is
12,359 square miles larger than all the New Eng-
land States combined.

Emigration into the Territory began in 1849.
The first Kcttlenients were confined to the neighbor-
hood of the ^Missouri River and a narrow strip on
one side of the Platte. Here were, therefore, laid
the foundations of the future churches in Nebraska.
For religious enterprises the circumstances were
unfavorable. The population was unstable. Some
came to speculate in land, whose stay was tran-
sient. But others came to renuiin. These were
poor and scattered, but unity in religious beliefs
brought these settlers together, at convenient cen-
tres, for the service of God and for iiiutual edifi-
cation.

THE BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.

1'he few Baptists who had come to the Territory
to remain formed themselves into churches at va-
rious points. On the 28th and 2yth of May, 1858,
at Nebraska City, the Nebraska Biiptist Association
was organized ]>y seven churches, which had been
previously formed. These were, in the order in
which they were constituted, Nebraska City, Peru,
Plattsmouth, Fontcnelle, Cumming City, Rock
Hlulf, and Florence.

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NEnRASk'A

831

NEBRASKA

, Tilts First Nebriiskii City church was recoguij^cd
Auf<. 18, 1855.

At tlio organization of tlio Nebraska Association
the names of only two ordained ministers appear on
tlie minutes, — Rev. J. M. Taggait and llev. J. G.
Howen, missionaries of the American Baptist Home
Mission Society. If the members were few in num-
ber, the records of tlio iirst uieeling show that thoy
were men of large ideas, strong faitli, and a clear
insight into the future greatness of the 'i'erritory.
.\t tliis meeting vital • questions were discussed, —
education, Baptist literature, benevolence, temper-
ance. Among the resnlutions passed we tind the
following, so full of wisdom :

•' Jiesdlced, That we recommend to the churches
of this Association, when practicable, to erect their
meeting-houses witliin the limits of incorporate
towns, and that measures be taken at an early day
to secure eligible sites for building purposes."

The; iirst ellbrt at church-building by the Bap-
tists in Nebraska was at Omaha in LSGU. For years
the growth of the churches was slow, the faith of
the early laborers was severely tested.

At the tilth annual meeting of the Association
there was an increase of one church and of 84
uienibers. In ItiOT four chni'ches were dismissed
with prayers, and the Omaha Association wiis
formed. .Since then God has greatly blessed our
struggling brethren in Nebraska.

STATE CONVENTION.

The Nebraska Baptist State Convention was or-
ganized in 1808 to take the place of the Domestic
Jlission Board, which had been organized under a
resolution adopted by the original Association Sept.
Ui, 18f;4.

The resolution reads as follows : " Resolved, That
a missionary board of live members be appointed
at each iinnual meeting of this Association, whose
duty it shall bo to ascertain the destitution of Baji-
tist preaching as far as possible, and liy correspond-
ing with the Ameriiian Baptist Home INIission So-
ciety, and appealing to the churches composing this
Association, to make arrangements for its supply ;
and that we recommend to the churches the penny-
a-week system for the purpose of carrying out this
resolution."

Article 2il of its constitution states the object of
thp State Convention : " The object of this body
shall be to unite the Baptist churches of the State
in the dissemination of the principles of the gospel
as understood by them into all parts of the State,
and especially, in the prosecution of d(jmestio mis-
sion Work, lo co-operate with the Baptist Home
Mission Society." In the revised constitution of
1879 the oliject is substantiallj' the same.

At the annual meeting in 1872 the following
resolution was carried :

" Residoed, That tor the purpose of carrying out
more fully the objects of the Nebraska Baptist
State Convention we hereby incorporate ourselves ■
in accordance with the laws of the State, so that
we may acquire and hold property with which to
educate and sustain ministers, build or aid in build-
ing chui'ch edilices, make provision for superannu-
ated pastors or preachers, and sustain all other in-
stitutions by which the churches may be united in '
the dissemination of the princi]iles of the gospel
as understood by them in all parts of the world."

The aim of the Convention has been hitherto to
assist aud co-operate with the Baptist Home Mis-
sion Society. At each of its annual sessions qiies- ^
tions of vital importance to the home held have
been discussed. At no meeting has the work
abroad been forgotten.

At a meeting of the board held in October, 1877,
it was resolved to hold a historical nieetiiig in June,
1878, at Nebraska City. The object of the meeting
was to bring the Baptists together and to review
the past. An interesting programme was prepared.
Eminent men from abroad lent their aid. Uev. J.
M. Taggart, the only remaining pioneer missionary, • .
read a historical j)aper of much interest, in which
he reviewed the growth and development of the
denomination for twenty years. The meeting re-
sulted in imparting new zeal to the brethren and
new life to the State Convention. At the annual
meeting in 187'J, Kev. H. L. Morehouse, corre-
sponding secietary of the American Baptist Home
Mission Society, submitted to the board of the
State Convention a plan for practical co-operation
with that society, which was adopted. The third
and fourth specifications are as follows:

" The Home Mission Society shall appropriate to
the mission work in Nebraska a definite sum p?'0
rata to receipts from the State for the fiscal year of
the Convention ending Nov. 1, 1880, four dollars
additional to each dollar received from the State;
the apportions to be made, so far as possible, at the
beginning of the year, upon a reasonable estimate
of probable receipts, and to be corrected by actual
experience.

"The Convention shall superintend the work in
the State, determiue fields, nominate missionaries, ,
name their salaries, and determine the time of
labor; the Home Mission Society to a|)point ami
pay those nominated so far as they approve such
nominations and terms."

The existence and growth of the Baptist churches
in Nebraska arc due largely to the Ami^rican Bap-
tist Home Mission Society. There is scarcely a
church in the State which it has not aided. Tho
number of self-supporting churches as yet is small.
The niajority of the pastors in active service are
sustained in part by this society. The need for
enlarged liberality in this field is very great.

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NEBRASKA

832

NEBRASKA

EDUCATION.
Recognizing tiie need and value of an educated
ministry, the question of higher education received
iittoutiun in the early histury of this Territory.
We find the following in the minutes of the State
Convention for 1870:

"Your Executive ]?oard, to vphich was referred,
by a resolution passed at the last annual session,
the subject of a denoiniiuitional educational insti-
tution for the State, respectfully report that the
duty charged upon them lias been fulfilled, as will
be seen by referring to the proceedings of the board
meeting published in last year's minutes. So far
as the members of the Executive Board have knowl-
edge, no definite propositions for the location of a
Baptist College have as yet been received which
were of such a cliaracter as to warrant your com-
mittee in recommending a location, as was contem-
plated in that resolution.

"Your committee would further add that the
subject of the founding of a Baptist college in Ne-
braska, while it is one of the greatest importance
to our interests, is one which should denmnd and
receive the most careful deliberation at our hands.
We are warned on every hand by the experience
of our brethren in other States, as well as by that
of other denominations in our own State, that the
attempt to build up at too early a day in the history
of a State such an institution as is contemplated in
your resolution of last year is not only full of
ditiiculty, but of real danger to the interests it is
designed to support. It impcses a pecuniary bur-
den not easily borne even in wealthy communities
and with favorable surroundings, — a burden which,
in our estimation, it would be unwise for us at pres-
ent to assume.

" Your committee are of opinion that the follow-
ing,,are essential to success in a denominational
college enterprise in Nebraska:

" 1st. That it be located in the midst of earnest
and iible friends.

" 2d. That it have sufficient local subscriptions to
erect suitable buildings in which to open the school,
and a fair sum towards an endowment.

" 3d. IJenuminational unity in the State in refer-
ence to its support as a part of the list of agencies
for carrying on the work of this Convention.

"We therefore recommend that further action in
this matter be dispensed with until God by his
providence shall show us that we are in possession
of the conditions which will insure success ; and
that in the mean time the brethren residing in local-
ities where circuinstances are favorable aim at the
eatalilishmcnt of local .semiiiari(^a and academies
mainly self-supporting, which nuiy in the future,
when our wants and our ability warrant it, become
the nuclei of such an institution as shall reilect
credit upou our denomination and our State."

This question was considered each subsequent
year until the meeting of the Executive Board of
the State Convention held in Hastings in May,
18S0, when Mr. Eddy, a Baptist of Gibbon, was
present to invito the attention of the Educational
Committee to an opportunity offered at that place.
After correspondence on the subject, the chairman
of the committee visited Gibbon, and learned that
there was a prospect of obtaining a good donation
if we would locate our Baptist school there. A
report was nnide at the meeting of the Executive
Board in Blair, Aug. 4, 1880, and the following
resolution was passed :

" Rtsolved, That we locate our Baptist school at
Gibbon, provided the citizens of Gibbon and vicinity
will donate a certain brick building, three stories
high, 40 by 60 feet, together with five acres of land,
and .$1UOO for repairs and alterations; also $1000
per year for three years as tuition for pupils of the
district above the primary department."

A request was math; by the Executive Board that
the Educational Committee proceed at once to secure
the property and open a school as soon as possible.

A special meeting of the Executive Board was
called to meet at Lincoln, Aug. 16, at which reso-
lutions were passed appointing the Rev. G. AV. Read
as principal of the school, and giving it the name
of Nebraska Baptist Seminary. The appointment
was accepted, and a meeting arranged between the
Educational Committee and the citizens of Gibbon
for Aug. 23. At this meeting the citizens agreed
to comply with the comlilions expressed in tlie
resolution.

Papers were drawn and the building transferred
to the Nebraska Baptist State Convention. The
money promised for repairs was paid, and the
building is now undergoing repairs. School will
be commenced about Nov: 1, 1880. The property
is valued at $15,000.

Statistical Rqiort

of^

Issociations.

Aasociatious.

Number of
Cliurches.

Number of
MeDibers.

First NebrHfika

13
15
IB
11
21
15
17
11
9
3
7

690

693

675

liino Uivor

458

Y.iik

(107

3110

C72

'M\

42H

145

80

AHBuciatlons, 10.

138

4855

The following ministers have done noble work
in other States, and arc at present in active service
in Nebraska: Rev. 0. A. Buzzell, Juniata; Rev.
W. S. Gee, Lincoln; liev. ■!. Gunderman, Central
City ; Kev. N. P. Ilotchkiss, Pawnee City ; Rev.

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NELSON

833

NELSON

J. Lewelliiig, Weston ; Rev. S. B. Mayo, Boavov
City; llev. J. W. Osborn, Froinont; Rev. Amos
Pratt, Exetor; I'rof. C. 0. liusli, St. Edward's;
Rev. I. R. Slianafelt, Macon ; Rev. 0. W. Taylor,
Blah'; Rev. E. D. 'J'honia.s, Liberty ; Rev. T. K.
Tyson, AValioi* ; Rev. A. Weaver, Loup City ; ]{ev.
V. M. Williams, Ashland.

Nelson, Rev. Ebenezer, wan born in Middlo-

borouj^li, Mass., Nov. 'J, 1787, and received his
early education in Taunton and .Soutii Reading,
and entered upon mercantile pursuits in Provi-
dence, R. L At the age of twenty-nine years he
nuide a public profession of his faith, and was bap-
tized by Rev. I-)r. Gano. Soon after be commenced
to study for the ministry, bcinn; for a part of the
time a pupil of Rev. Dr. Cliaplin, afterwards pres-
ident of Waterville College. lie was ordained as
)iastor of the Baptist church in Lynn, Mass., July
26, 1820, where he remained seven years. His
health failing, he resigned his pastorate, and was
employed for a year in raising funds for the endow-
ment of the Newton 'J'beohigical Institution. His
term of service being completed, he accepted a call
to become the pastor of the West Cambridge church,
and was installed Sept. 9, 1828. He remained here
six years, and was then appointed the secretary of
the Northern Baptist Education Society, holding
this position for two years and a half, during which
time he rendered most ellicient service in the cause
of ministerial education. A Viicancy liaving oc-
curred in the Central liaptist church in Middle-
borough, Mass., he accepted a call to that church,
and for fourteen years was their pastor, his labors
being g^-eatly blessed in the conversion of sinners
and the building up of the church, lie took also a
deep interest in promoting the prosperity of Pierce
Academy, an institution which accomplished so
mucii good in the mental and moral training of
scores of botli sexes. His health failing again, he
resigned his ministry. He continued to fierform
such service as he could for the cause he so much
loved, but gradually he wasted away under the dis-
ease which finally proved fatal. He died at Lynn,
whither he had ijjuioved from Middleboruugh, April
6, 1852.

Few ministers in Massachusetts labored more
faithfully or accomplished more good than I'^beTi-
ezer Nelson. His name and memory are greatly
revered to this day in the places where he labored
as an ambassador of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Nelson, Rev. James, was born in Mississippi
in 18-11 ; was educated at Center College, llanville,
Ky. His great Work was in connection with the
board of ministerial education of Mississijipi Col-
lege. His field was MisKissip|)i, Arkansas, and
Louisiana, where his name will long bo airectinn-
ately remembered. 'I'hrough his instrumentality
a large number of young ministers were stimulated

to strive for iiigher education, and provided with
the means to meet their expenses. Some of those
have proved to be the most ellicient ministers in
the Southwest. He died at Clinton. Miss., Jan. 21,
187G. In connection with his educational work he
performed a vast amount of evangelical labor.

Nelson, Rev. James, was bom in Louisa Co.,
Va., Aug. 23, 1841 ; was converted at the age of
fourteen, and joined the Elk Creek church. Ho
was educated at Richmond and the Columbian
College, graduating at the latter in 1866, with the
degree of A.M. ; was licensed in 1859, and ordained
in 1863. While a chaplain in the Confederate army
the great revival which occurred among the troops
of Northern Virginia had its origin in his labors in
connection with those of the Rev. Mr. Marshall, of
Georgia. Immediately after his graduation Mr.
Nelson became pastor of the Baptist church in
Georgetown, D. C. In 1871 he resigned bis charge
there, and became the evangelist and Sunday-school
missionary for Maryland and the District of Co-
lumbia, and during the four years of bis services
in this capacity hundreds were converted and bap-
tized, and a number of new churches formed. He
is at present the useful pastor of the Farmville
Baptist church, Va. He is a forcible writer, and
occasionally contributes to the religious papers of
the dencuninatinn.

Nelson, Rev. Stephen S., was born in Middle-
borough, Mass., Oct. 5, 1772, and became a mem-
ber of the celebrated- Rev. Isaac Backus's church
when he was si.xteen years of age. He graduated
at Brown University in 179-1 with tiie first honors
of his class. He pursued his tlieological studies
with Rev. Dr. Stillman, and was licensed to preach
in the twenty-fourth year of his age. He was or-
dained by a council selected from the Warren As-
sociation. His first pastorate was in Hartford,
Conn., where his labors were greatly Ijlessed. In
a memoralile revival which occurred in Hartford
in 1798 more than 100 were baptized into the fel-
lowship of the Baptist church. While in Connec-
ticut, Mr. Nelson proved himself the warm friend
of religious liberty, and took an active part in
urging the Baptist petition or remonstrance, ad-
dressed to the Legislature of Connecticut, against
the unjust law which compelled Baptists and others
to contribute to the support of the " standing order."
The restrictions were finally removed by the new
constitution, which went into force in 1818.

Mr. Nelson received and accepted, in 1801, a
call to become pastor of the church in Mount
Pheasant, N. Y., and to take charge of a literary
institution in that place. In this new relation lie
met with deserved success. His subsequent pas-
torates were in Attleborough and Plymouth, Mass.,
and in Canton, (Jonn. Having resigned the pas-
torate of the church in this latter place, be removed

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NFLSOA-

834

njew birth

to Amherst, Mass., for the purpose of giving liis
sous :lii opportunity to take a course of study in
Aiiilierat ('olieiiu. J)oolining again to lieeouie a
jiastor, lie prcaclied wlu'iiuvor opportunity pre-
sented in tlie neigliljoriiig villages. His closing
days were days of peaee and religious enjoyment.
He died Deo. 8, 1803, at the ripe age of eighty-one
years.

Nelson, Rev. W. A., D.D., was born in JelVer-
son ('()., 'fenri., .Tnlv -1 . 1 ^-oT ; hiiptized liy M. (.'ate ;
graduated at Carson College, Tenn., in 1859; or-
dained in 18C0 ; was missionary during the war ; did
good work as a pastor at SlielbyviUe, Tenn., and
was very sueeessful at Kdgeliuld, Nashville, whore,
under his pastorate, the chureli increased from 31
to 350, and built a fine house and parsonage ; came
to North Carolina in search uf health in 1H79 ; be-
came president of Judson College, and has gone
into the pastorate again at Shelby ; a very sueeess-
ful man. He received D.D. fuim iiis alma inulrr.

Nevada, one of the States of the American
Union, lying east of California, noted for its im-
mense silver and gold mines, yielding many mil-
lions every year. Several Baptist churches have
been organized. Only two remain, and give prom-
ise of permanence and growth,- — one at Virginia
City, formed in 1873, with eighteen members, and
one at Keno, organized about 1875. Both are
making good progress. There are only two Bap-
tist ministers in the State engaged in the minis-
try,-— Ilev. II. W. Kead, of Virginia City, and Kuv.
Dr. D. B. McKenzie, at Keno. Both churches
have good meeting-houses. There are numy Bap-
tists in the towns and mining-camps of Nevada,
but they are members of churches elsewhere. This
great State is ripe for cultivation by faitliful Bap-
tist missionaries.

New Birth, The. — Nicodem us, a cultured Israel-
ite, a sincere in(piirer after truth, a loved, honored,
nnd blameless citizen, at the time when he came to
Jesus first, knew nothing of the second birth, and
was destitute of all title to heaven. And the same
tiling is true of many of the enlightened and worthy
of our age. Without this birth there can be no
love for Jesus, and no taste for the gratifications
of heaven.

(iod is the author of the second birth : " As many
as received him, to them gave he power to beconie
the sons of God, even to them that believe on his
name, who were born, not of blood, nor of the will
of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God." —
John i. 12, 13. In these words it is emphatically
denied that regeneration springs from any fleshly
or human agency, and it is ascribed wholly to God.
Again, it is said, " The wind bloweth whore it list-
eth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst
not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth : so
is every one that is born of the Spirit." — John

iii. 8. The Spirit is the regenerator of every be-
liever. The Lord says, in Kzekiel xxxvi. 21), "A
now heart also will 1 give you, and a new spirit
will I put within you : and I will take away the
stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you
a heart of flesh." The new heart, the new birth,
is the work of God's Spirit altogether.

The new birth requires no lengthened prepara-
tion ; the Spirit, with his inslrnment, the truth,
can complete it in a second in the worst specimen
of humanity. When the Siiirit enters the heart
the second birth is the work nf a moment, no mat-
ter how long penitential sorrow, unrelieved by jus-
tifying faith, may continue.

The new birth is not Christian baptism, in which
it has been said that a jicrson is '' made a member
of Christ, the child of God, and an inheritor of the
kingdom of heaven ;" not a single one of these
blessings was ever conferred by that solemn rite.
It is a change of afl'ections ; the regards of the soul
are lifted l)y the Spirit of God from ourselves, the
world, and sinful ubjeets, and llicy are made to
hunger for the Saviour. This pioduces an ex-
tensive alteration in the internal and external con-
dition of theinan. Ho does not delight in what
he once loved. His chief pleasure is the fivor of
Christ, for which, or for the fuller enjoyment of
which, his soul is constantly craving. '' He is a
new creature ; old things are passed away ; behold,
all things are become new.'' His mind is enlight-
ened, his will is corrected, his sins are loathed and
forsaken, and his affections are turned Christ-
ward.

The regenerated man when he is first born again
feels repentance for sin in his heai't ; this accom-
panies the new birth invariably. He always feels
a desire to trust in Jesus wlien he is born again,
and he never rests till he has ecunmitted his soul
to Christ.

The regenerate man loses his old ho])es and their
foundation as soon as he is born again. His ex-
pectations of divine favor were once built upon his
good qualities, blameless acts, or commendable in-
tentions. The regenerating grace of the heavenly
Spirit sweeps away all his imaginary merits and
false hopes, and for a foundation he sees only the
crucified Saviour full of go.spel hopes.

The new birth removes old treasures and be-
stows new riches. The wealth of unbelieving
days no longer has power to fascinate the soul,
and Calvary becomes tlie pearl of great price for
which the regenerated person counts all things but
loss.

And the new birth dethrones old despots in the
soul, — the world, sinful habits, covetousness, and
superstition, — and it never rests until Christ is
Master uf mind, heart, and life.

A new heart is demanded by the sinner's reproach-

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•.■••.IIVI i'.. f -I ,l'....< ::;■, I , J ii-A'l ,.lUii ,•: J'lUtll* IffllT h i ftflol.— ''.,1iTlf(>'

NEJF BRUNSWICK

835

NEW HAMPSHIRE

ing conscience, and by tlie Ood of itiliiiite good-
ness. '■ Heaven ia a prepared place for a prepared
poo|)lc," without a taste for tlie enjoyments of para-
dino a man cannot he hap|iy in it. An unregen-
erate man cnuld not jrathcr satisfaction from the
rcli;iiouH ))icaHiires of the colestial liomo ; and if
lid were to entei' it he would he I'cfiilerc^d still
more misorahle hy its holy oonverautiori and ocou-
jiations. Fur him there is no rest in any world
without a new heart, besides, a holy law must
liuvl its anathemas forever at the man who cherishes
sin in his heart. And as his "carnal mind is en-
mity aj^ainst God," he would feel himself at war
with God in any ([uarter of his wide dominions, and
in any section of everlasting duration. The Saviour
utters tlie doctrine of the glorified in heaven, of all
holy angels, of the entire earthly hclieving family,
of the Holy Word, and of the adorable Trinity,
when he says, " Marvel not that I said unto thee.
Ye must be born ai;ain." — John iii. 7.

New Brunswick Baptists.— See article on

Nova Scotia IJai'TIsts.

Newell, E,ev. I. D., was born in llushville,
Schuyler Co., 111., July 2, 1837 ; baptized in Upper
Alton in 18-iy : ordained in Aloline, Oct. 13, 1871.
He is the son of ilev. I. D. Newell. Mr. Newell
spent nearly four years in the Union army during
the war, being the first to enlist in IJunkor Hill,
under the President's first call. He served two
years in the ranks, during which time he partici-
pated in the battles of Fort Henry, Furt Donelson,
Pittsburg Landing, and the siege of Corinth, bear-
ing the colors of the regiment in the last-named
conflict. At the end of two years' service he
was transferred to Ellet's fleet, on the Mississippi
lliver, and promoted to a first lieutenancy, and one
month later to a captaincy, both commissions
coming from President Lincoln. At the close of
the war he entered Shurtleff College. He com-
pleted his theological course at Cro/.er Seminary,
graduating in 1871. He was pastor of the Baptist
church of Moline, 111., for one year. Failing in
health, he removed to Nebraska, and preached
tlirec years in Clay and Adams Counties. At
present he gives but a part of his time to the min-
istry, being county superintendent of public sciiools
in Clay County.

Newfoundland Baptists. — See article on Nova
Sl'iitia. I5ai'tists.

New Hampshire Baptists. — Hanserd Knollys
fuundcd the First ciinrch in Dover, N. IL, in 1638.
A little later lie pri-aclied liaptist doctrines; and
in KHl he was recognized by the people of Dover
as a decided exponent of our principles ; the result
was two religious communities. After his return
to England, the Baiitists, it; is said, fled to Long
Islanil to avoid persecution, and for the same reason,
in 1G4-4, they removed to the neigiiborhood of the

present New Brunswick, N. J., and called their
new home Pisoataway, after the original name of
Dover. It is not certain that these 15aptists were
regularly organized into a Baptist church in Dover.

The first church of our faith in New Hampshire,
of whose regular formation there are no doubts, was
fouinled at Newton in 17:")5. In 177(1 it is supposcid
that there were but three Baptist churches in New
Hampshire, — Newton, Madhury, and AVeare.

In 1770, Uev. Dr. Ilezekiah Smith, an able and
devoted minister, settled in Massachusetts, preached
extensively in New Hampshire, and great blessings
attended his ministrations. He bafitized the Uev.
I'lliplialct Smith, a Congregational clergyman, and
thirteen others, who the same daj' were formed into
a Baptist church at Deerfield. Two days after
Mr. Smith ba])tized seven persons, among whom
was Dr. Samuel Shepard, who became one of the
most active and useful ministers that ever labored
in New Hampshire. He was afterwards, till death,
the pastor of a church gathered in Brentwood, in
1771, with branches at one time in more than twelve
dill'ei'ent towns, and a memljership of nearly 1000.
During this year churches were formed in Kich-
mond, Hinsdale, and Chesterfield. In 1780, Dr.
Shepard baptized 44 persons at Meredith, and consti-
tuted them into a church. Drs. Hczckiah Smith and
Samuel Shepard were ajiostles in New Hampshire,
whose labors enjoyed a remarkable measure of the
divine favor. There were other early preachers
and churches in New llam|)shire worthy of our de-
nominational name; and upon them and their
brethren the Spirit of God fell, and converts were
gathered and churches formed in all directions,
until to-day we have 7 Associations, 86 churches,
ministers, settled and without charge, 103. The
number of members is 9210. In the department
of Sunday-schools we find that there are 72 schools,
with 814 teachers and 9319 scholars.

In education the Baptists of New Hampshire
have taken an active interest. In 182(5 they founded
tlie '" New Hampton Literary and Theological In-
stitution," at New Hampton. Dr. B. F. Farns-
worth was its first principal and Professor of The-
ology. Dr. E. B. Smith succeeded him in 1833,
and retained his position until 1861. In 1838, Dr.
J. Newton Brown was nmde Associate Professor
of Theology, and discharged the duties of the office
until 1845, when Dr. James Upliam was appointed
to the professorship. At the death of Dr. Smith,
Dr. Upham became president of the institution, and
retained the position until IHlUi. Owing to inade-
quate financial support the seminary was removed
to Fairfa.x, Vt., in 1853. This institution gave in-
struction in the higher branches of a general edu-
cation, and prepared young men for the ministry ;
and it had in connettion with it an academy of a
high order for young women. In its two locations

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NEIV JERSEY

836

NEW JERSEY

it hiul about 2UD tlieoloj;ic;il students, most of
whom bocame very useful in the pastorate and in
otlier departments ol' Christian work, few semi-
naries witli its means have rendered such impor-
tant serviee.

After the removal of the New Hampton Institu-
tion to Vermont in 1X5;!, (he* baptists of New
Jlampshire took immediate sleps to establish an
academy at New London, whicli was opened in
1853 ; it now boars the imme of Colby Academy.
(See article on Coi.nv Acaijemv.) The report of
tiie benevolent operations for the year covered by
the statistics here u;ivea is, for the Missionary Union
$1848.11 ; for the Woman's Foreio;n Mission So-
ciety, S1074.06; home missions, $803.20; for the
Convention, $2r)iSl. 10; for home objects, $82, 114.(J4.
The total for all purposes, $92,254.1)3.

The State Convention was founded in 1826. It
has accomplished great results in New Hampshire,
and its affairs have been niana'i;ed with much ability.
In 1880 it aided seventeen churches and two mis-
sions, which have become churches. Its olfieers
were Rev. W. V. Garner, President; Rev. W. Ilur-
lin. Secretary; A. J. Prescott, Treasurer. While
in New Hampshire very many of the cluirches suffer
constant diminution liy emigration, a review of the
last half-century |iresents nmny facts, showing how
the denomination has grown in that State. Fifty
years ago there were in New Hampshire seventy
churches and forty-one ministers. The greater part
of these churches wore poor, and pastors that were
settled received but a .scanty support. Jloreover,
there was more or less direct o|ipression which
Baptists were compelled to emlure from the " stand-
ing order." They were the " sect everywhere
spoken against." But a most liap[>y change Inis
tiiken place in all these respects. The statistics
given above will show the present situation of the
denomination. Baptists have places of worship
which will compare favorably with those of any
other denomination. 'I'hey are firmly planted in
all the prominent cities and villages of the State.
In the valley of the Merrimack they were but little
known II fty years ago; " Now the churches which
occupy that valley," .say.i Dr. E. E, Cummings, in
his " Ministry of Fifty Years," " are the pride and
strength of the denomination throughout the State."
There is every reason to expect that continued
prosperity will attend the churches in the future
as it has in the past, and that the sentiments and
]iractices of the Baptists will continue to have
strong hold on the intelligent convictions of no
smalt part of the community.

New Jersey, The Baptists of.— A goodly
number of those who came to the early settle-
ments in the New England colonies held our views
of Bible doctrine. They fouhd on their arrival
that freedom of conscience was only for Puritans.

Persecutions led them to desire a better country,
and tlu^y warned their friends in Europe to steer
for another destination. When Lord Berkeley and
Sir George Carteret obtained possession of " Nova
Cesarea," or New Jersey, about 1664, they formed
a " Bill of Rights," by which " liberty of conscience
to all religious sects who shall behave well" was
guaranteed. Speedy immigration followed. The
Ba|)tist8 of New Jersey, except ii church or two in
the northern hill-country, which sprang out of the
religious reconstruction following the revivals
under Edwanls and the men cjf his time, came
from the old country seed. While there may have
been isolated Baptist settlers elsewhere, the first
companies of baptized believers located at Middle-
town, near the entrance of New York harbor, at
the territory on the lower Delaware, and at " Pis-
cataqua," on the llaritan River.

The churches at Middletown, " Piscataqua,"
"Cohansick," and Cape May are called original
because they are the mothers of the other organ-
izations.

MIBDLETOWN,

in order of time, stands first. The date assigned it
is 1688, but there are good reasons for believing that
it oriijinated earlier. In 1048 one Richard Stout
and five others appear to have settled in Middle-
town. The Indian title was purchased previous to
the patent from " Niculles," about 1607. This title
is said to have been made to thirty-six men, of
whom eighteen were Baptists. They seem to have
come from the west end of Long Island, and there
is a strong probaliility that some of them were con-
nected with the people who were dealt with in
Massachusetts for Baptist sentiments about 1042,
and took refuge at Gravesend, Long Island. Tra-
dition states that they consorted for mutual edifi-
cation, but there is no church record previous to
1088, when they "settled themselves into a church
state," after consultation with the brethren at
'' Pennepek," Pa., who had just taken that course.
There were several gifte<t brethren among them,
of whom John Brown, James Ashton, and George
Eagloslield are mentioned.

Thomas Killingsworth was at the constitution
of the church, but there is no evidence that he be-
came its pastor. Obadiah Holmes, who was whip|ied
at Boston, Mass., for his Baptist sentiments, was one
of the patentees of Monmouth County, but it is not
known that he ever resided here, though his son
Jonathan did, and in 1008 was a member of As-
sembly.

Very little is known of the church during the
first generation of its existence, except that an un-
happy division occurred, which resulted (in 1711)
in each party excommunicating the other, and tl]<'
silencing of two of their gifted preachers, — John
Bray and John Okison. They agreed to call .'►

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NEW Jh'RSEY

S37

NEW JERSEY

council of nolgliboriiig churches, which in^t May
25, 1711. The ministers wlio convened were
iMcHsrs. Timothy IJrooks, of Cohansey ; Abel Mor-
gan and JoBCpli Wood, of I'ennepek ; Elisha
Tlioniiis, of Welsh Tract, and six elders. The
odicu of elder, in distinction from pastor, is re-
ferred to frequently as existing ariiong the old
churches in the State. It may be interesting to
read the finding of this first council probably in
Xcw Jersey, convened in a case of churcli diffi-
culty. Advice was given (1) "to bury their pro-
ceedings in oblivion and erase the record of them."
This was done, and four leaves are torn out of the
church hook. (2) " To continue the silence im-
posed on the two brethren the preceding year."
(3) "To sign a covenant relative to their future
conduct." Forty-two signed thi.M, and twenty-six
did not, though many of them came in afterwards.
The first forty- two were declared to be the church
to be owned by sister churches. Another direction
of the council was, "That the members should keep
their places and not wan<ler to other societies."
Peace and prosperity followed, and the gospel soon
spread over a wide territory.

PISCATAWAY.

A large tract on the east side of the " Rarinton"
was bought of the Indians in 1663. Among the
first settlers wore people from Piscataqua (now
Dover, N. II., then in the province of Maine). It
is claimed that of these early settlers at least six
were Baptists. (Ilanserd Knollys preached Bap-
tist sentiments in Piscataqua, N. 11., as early as
1638.) These six were constituted into a gospel
church by Rev. Thomas Killingsworth in 16S9.

Three of the constituents — .Johu Drake, Hugh
Dunn, and Edmund Dunham — were lay preach-
ers. Mr. Drake was ordained pastor at the con-
stitution of the church, and continued until his
death, fifty years afterwards. Ilis descendants are
numerous and inllucntial.

The first meeting-house, by order of the town-
meeting, was "built forthwith as foUoweth ; di-
mensions, twenty foot wide, thirty foot long, and
ten foot between joints." •

COUANSEY.

In 1683 a company of immigrants, members of
Cloughketin church, in the County of Tipperary,
Ireland, landed at Perth Amboy, and traveled
across the country to the " Cohansick" Creek. In
1085, Obadiah Holmes (son of Oliadiah who was
persecuted) arrived from Rhode Island. His in-
tluenco was soon felt. He became judge of the
Court of Common Pleas for Salem County, and
preached acceptably, though he was never or-
dained. In 1GS8, Rev. Elias Keach, of Pcnncpek,
administered baptism to three persons. Thomas

Killingsworth having moved into the vicinity,
united with the nine males in constituting the
church, and ho became the first pastor, continuing
nearly nineteen years, until his death. He was
appointed judge of the court, and served honor-
ably, while be preached faithfully and success-
fully. He was succeeded by Rev. 'I'imothy Brooks,
who died after serving the church six years, and
his successor, a young man of much proniise,
passed away after a two years' pastorate.

The church records for the first hundred years
were burned, but Jlr. Kelsay, a subsequent pas-
tor, preserved some minutes, among them the fol-
lowing:

" In 1710, Timothy Brooks, with his company,
united with the church. They had come from
Swanzey, in Plymouth government, about 1687,
and had kept a sejiarate society for twenty-three
years, on account of dilference in opinion relative
to predestination, singing of Psalms, laying on of
hands, etc. ; the terms of union were bearaiice and
Jorbnarance."

Mr. Kelsay says that Mr. " Brooks was a useful
preacher, of a sweet and loving temper, and always
open to conviction."

CAPE MAY.

Among some who came over in 1675 were two
Baptists, — George Taylor and Philip Hill. Taylor
held Bible readings and expositions at his own
house. After his death, in 1702, Mr. Hill con-
tinued the meeting. Mr. Keach visited the place,
and preached as early as 1688, and others labored
with success. Most of the converts went to Phila-
delphia for baptism. In 1712, by advice of the
pastor and two deacons of Cohansey, thirty-seven
persons constituted themselves into a church, under
the pastorate of Nathaniel Jenkins, one of their
own number.

Before 1707 there was no Association in Amer-
ica. We find, however, an institution called a
yearly meeting, which fostered communication.
From one end of Jersey to the other pastors and
devoted brethren went by Indian trails and rough
roads to these immense gatherings. There are
traditions concerning these fraternal " great meet-
ings" that are full of tender, touching memories.

When, at the suggestion of the Pennepek church,
the Philadelphia Association was formed, in 1707,
three of its first churches wore in New Jersey, viz.,
Middlotown, Piscataway, and Cohansey. There
are no extended early records of the AsRociation,
but the usual hcailing of the earliest is " The
Elders and Messengers of the Baptized Congrega-
tions in Penn.'sylvania and the Jerseys."

The Associational fellowship led to greater in-
terest among the ministers and churches, an in-
crease of doctrinal strength, and a spreading of

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NEW JERSEY

83S

NEWMAN

Bible sentiments, whicli took deep root, and in the
sueoeeding iialf-century brought forth abundantly.

Tlie New Jersey Baptists liave had in their ranics
some of the strongest men among the early liaptists
of this eountry, and among them have arisen breth-
ren to wiiom the whole denomination is indebted.
Oliver Hart performed a work of the highest im-
piirtance in Soutli Carolina; James Manning, the
first president of lUifide Island College, laid all
Baptists under lasting obligations to himself for
his servieea to general and ministerial education ;
Abel Morgan was a man of learning, and of im-
mense inlluence for good over the Middle States ;
Ilezekiah Smith, of Hopewell, N. J., was settled in
Haverhill, JMass., anil was blessed with great suc-
cess in winning souls to Christ: John Uano, the
most eloquent preacher among the Ba|>tists of his
day, and a man greatly honored of God in extend-
ing liis kingdom, was a native of New Jersey; our
first institution of learning was located in New Jer-
sey, and worthily conducted by Isaac Eaton, at
Hopewell. Quite a number of distinguished men
have been identified with the Baptists of New Jer-
sey.

For a long period the New Jersey churches be-
longed to the I'hiladelphia Association. 'I'heir
representatives in that body exerted such an influ-
ence that they had no desire to sunder the ties that
united them to it until their great growth compelled
them.

Their first Association was formed in 1811 ; it
consisted of fourteen churches, and was called the
New Jersey Association. 'I'lie Central" New Jersey
Association was formed in October, 182S, by the
representatives of seven churches. 'I'ho Sussex
Association was formed in 1833, |jy four churches.
The Delaware River Association was constituted in
1835, by Old-School, or Anti-Missionary Baptists ;
its members were less than five hundred when the
Association was organized, and they have not in-
creased since that time. The East New Jersey
Association was established in November, 1842, by
fourteen churches. There are at present in New
Jersey the following five Associations: the Cen-
tral, East, North, Trenton, and West, representing
178 churches, with 31,9315 members.

From their early history the Baptists of New
Jersey have been the intelligent and generous
friends of education, and at [)resent they have two
seminaries of a high order, with spacious and beau-
tiful buildings, known as Peddie Institute and South
Jersey Institute, the former with 10 instructors, 125
students of both sexes, property worth S125,O00,
and an endowment of $1(>0(); the latter with 10
instructors, 150 students, and a pruperty moder-
ately estimated at $75,000. 'i'hese institutions are
owned by the denomination in New Jersey. In
addition to the money invested in Peddie and South

Jersey Institutes, the New Jersey Baptists gave
liberall}' to llaujilton and Lewisburg.

New Jersey Baptist Education Society is
forty-two years old. It has aided many students
who are doing successful work in the ministry.
Its officers for 1880 are: President, H. J. Rlulford;
Vice-Presidents, 11. F. Young, W. II. Parmly ; Sec-
retary, 0. P. lOaehes; Treasurer, W. V. Wilson.

Incon.e, $ I '.122.05.

New Jersey Baptist State Convention was

organized in 1830. There were then 55 churches
in the State, with a membership of 4164.

OFFICERS OF THE CONVENTION FROM ITS OR-
GANIZATION TO THE PRESENT TIME.

Presidents.— Vfin\e\ Dodge,* 1830 to 1839 ; 0. S.
Webb, 1839 to 1843 ; C. AV.Mulford,* 1843 to 1849;
S. J. Drake,* 1849 to 1853; ]). B. Stout,* 1853 to

1854 ; C. E. Wilson,* 1854 to 1855 ; D. M. AVilson,*

1855 to 1873 ; James Buchanan, 1873 to .

Vice-Presidents.— 3os.a\)\\ Maylin,* 1830 to 1834;

Henry Smalley,* 1830 to 1834"; G. S. Webb, 1834

to 1839, 1849 to ; J. M. Challiss,* 1847 to 1848,

1849 to 1868; John Rogers,* 1839 to 1848; J. C.
Harrison,* 1839 to 1844; J. E. Welch,* 1844 to
1847 ; D. B. Stout,* 1868 to 1875 ; J. M. Carpenter,
1875 to .

Sc,:retaries.—'S\.3. Rhees,* 1830 to 1840; C. W.
Mulford,* 1840 to 1843; S. J. Drake,* 1843 to
1848; J. M. Carpenter, 1848 to 1865; H. F. Smith,
1865 to 1879; T. E. Vassar, 1879 to .

IVmsurers.—V. P. Runyon,* 1830 to 1871: S.
Van Wiekle, 1871 to 1879; A. Suydam, 1879
to .

Income in 1880 was $4429.55.

Within the last fifty years about 54,000 hopeful
converts have been added to our churches by bap-
tism. Our present membersliip is '3 1,936. Fifty
year.s ago we had but 2 churches, with a member-
ship of only 200 each. Now we ha\e 1 with over
1100, 1 with 1000, 1 with 800, 1 with 600, 5 with
500, 8 with 400, 14 with 300, 24 with 200, and 53
with over 100 each.

New Jersey Baptist Sunday School Union is

only nii»c years "Id, but in gathering statistics of
the work, awakening interest, organizing mission
schools, as well as in ludping the weak, it has en-
tered upon a field of great usefulness.

Newman, Prof. Albert Henry, was born in
Edgefield, S. C, Aug. 25, 1852; entered the Thom-
son, Ga., higli school, then in charge of Uov. E. A.
Steed, now a professor in Mercer University, by
whom hi^ was baplized into the felhjWHliip of the
Thomson Baptist church in 1868.

Called to the Christian ministry, and encouraged
by brethren of wisdom and piety, he took a place
in the Junior class in Mercer University in 1869.

• DucoQBed.

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NEWMAN

839

NEWMAN

Here he was specially indebtod to Prof. IF. II.
Tucker, I).I>., lifj.l)., for his inspiring; ii\,struetioii
ill iiLOtii|ili_v.sies and logic, and to Prof. .)..!. Brantly,
D.D., -who, at j^reat personal cost, gave him private

PROK. ALBERT HEVRV NEH'MAN.

instruction for a year and a half in tlic Gorman
language. He entered the Rochester 'I'lieologioal
Seminary in 1872; in it his favorite .studies were
IJililieal interpretation,- under the direction of the
learned l)r. Hackett, and systematic theology, under
President A. H. Strong, D.L). Ho sjiont a year at
Greenville, S. C, at the Southern Baptist Theologi-
cal Seminary, 187.^-70, studying Hehrew, Chaldee,
Syriac, and Arabic, under Dr. Toy. He also was
greatly aided in (Jreenville by the lectures of Dr.
Broadus on the New Testament, the Septuagint,
Joseplius, and the early Greek fathers. In 1880,
Prof. Newman was elected '■ Pettengill Professor
of (!hurch History" in the Itochester Theological
Seminary, after he had served as temporary in-
structor in, and acting professor of, Church History
in the same institution.

Prof. Newman, while a careful student of general
church history, is devoting himself specially to the
records nf the Baptists and related bodies. Prof.
Newman not long since was offered the professor-
ship of Ileljrew in one uf our institutions. His at-
tainments are remarkable; his pen is in demand
in various parts of the country as contributor to
works on theology and church history. The high-
est estimate' i-< placed upon his aci|uisitions and
talents by competent juilges wlio are familiar with
his worth. Before him, if his life is spared, there

is undoubtedly a bright future. He has recently
accepted a professorship in the Toronto Theological
Seminary.

Newman, Judge Thomas W., was born in
Somerset Co., Md., -Ian. 'Si, 18i;'J. He pursued his
studies in Washington Academy, Princess Anne,
Somerset Co., Mil., until he removeil to Baltimore,
and there studied law under Levin Gale, Esq., and
was admitted to the bar in 185U, after which he at
once removed to the West, and established himself
in his profession the same year at Burlington, Iowa,
where he still resides. In 18.i5 he was elected
county judge of Des Moines County for two years.
When the civil wiir broke out he warmly embraced
the Union cause, and was appointed by President
Lincoln captain in the 11th Uegiiuent of the reg-
ular army, and commissioned Aug. 1, 18til. He
served until the spring of 1863, when, on acconnt
(jf impaired bralth, he resigned his commission and
returned home, and, after six months spent in I'e-
cuperation and rest, he again entered upon the
practice of his profession. From 1855 to 1857 he
was a director of tlu! Burlington and Missouri
River Railroad, and aided by an active canvass
over the entire line, by speeches and otherwise, in
raisin;; means for its construction. He was ap-
pointed district judge of the first judicial district
of Iowa, in 1874, to fill a vacancy. At the October

JUDGE TllOM.tS W. NEWMAN.

election of the same year he was chosen for the
unexpired term of Jan. 1, 1875, and for a full term
of four years, to Jan. 1, l87'J, which ollice he filled
with credit, and at the end of the term, though

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NKW ORLEANS

840

NEWPORT

sti'onn;ly urged to continue, declined on account of
the inadequate salary. As a judge he was noted
for kindness of heart, urbanity of njanner, legal
acumen, and loyalty to justice. lie has been an
active director in the Morcliiints' National Hank of
Burlington since its organization, and for some
years past its attorney. Ho became a IJaptlst the
first year of his manhood, in 18fi0, and has ever
since been closely and warmly identified with the
interest of the church and denomination, lie was
president of the State Convention for siune years.
lie has been a trustee in the Uurlington Collegiate
Institute since it.s organization, in 1852, and has
filled the ofiice of secretary or treasurer of said
institution all the time except when in the army.

New Orleans Baptist Chronicle whs published

at New Orleans, La., by L. Ale.\. Duncan from
1852 to 1855. Dr. Duncan, having recovered his
health, was the ]u-incipal editor. It was in quarto
form and published weekly. Although it liad a
considerable circulation in the Southwest, it yielded
so little profit to the publishers that its publication
was discontinued.

Newport, R. I., The First Church of, had its

rise in the very beginnings of New England colo-
nial history. The exact date of its origin, how-
ever, is not definitely known. Those who have
studied the subject the most carefully have reached
the conclusion that the probable date is early in
1638. As this differs from the traditional one
(1644), it may be pertinent to give some of the
reasons on which this conclusion rests. (1) From
the outset the people statedly assembled for public
worship, but it is uncertain whether for this pur-
pose they gathered in several congregations, or, as
is more probable, they all met in ime. (2) There
was certainly a church on the island in 1638. Its
members were drawn from various sources. Some
had been connected with a Congregational church
in Boston. It is, however, well known that the
church formed here disclaimed any ecclesiastical
fellowship with that church. It was of a different
order. And if it was the only church on the island,
it is certain that there were Baptists among the
members, and that they had a Baptist for their min-
ister. (3) Of the church thus formed Mr. Clarke
■ was the pastor or teaching elder. Gov. Winthrop,
writing in 1638, speaks of him as "preacher to
those of the island," In 1640, Mr. Lechford writes,
■' On the .island there is a church where one Mas-
ter Clarke is pastor." Describing the controversy
which arose shortly after the foregoing sentence was
penned, Mr. Hubbard says " their minister, Mr.
Clarke, . . . dissented and publicly opposed." ( 4)
The pastor, Mr. Clarke, was undoubtedly a Baptist
before leaving England, and as a Baptist refugee
came to this country, (a) He is known to have
held, and on his arrival, one distinctively Baptist

tenet, viz., that of religious liberty ; a tenet as dis-
tinctively Baptist at the time as is a converted
church membership to-day. [b) In the discussion
which arose in 1640-41, he contended for another
Baptist tenet, viz., the sufficiency of Scripture as a
rule of religious faith and practice, (c) We have
no record of any change in his religions views
after his arrival in this country, as we .should in
all probability have had if any such change had
taken place, [d] Just as soon as he touched shore
at Boston he was ready for the sake of his princi-
ples to remove into the wilderness, (e) He was
not caught in a current which was already setting
towards a new settlement ; the proposition came
from himself. (5) Those who during this early
period became Baptists in the neighboring colony
of Massachusetts gravitated naturally to Newport,
and there sought a church home. (6) Mr. Comer,
who has given us the traditional date of 1644, — a
mere conjecture of his, — and whom almost all sub-
sequent authors have followed, although painstak-
ing and accurate as a writer, had not access to all
the sources of knowledge since put within our
reach. (7) Finally, Mr. Backus, who made later
researches and with better facilities, inclined to the
opinion that an earlier date was the probable one.

The history of the church may be considered as
falling into five periods. (I. 1638-1682.) The first
pastor, •John Clarke, born in Suffolk, England, Oct.
8, 1609, and educated at one of the ancient univer-
sities, arrived at Boston, November, 1637, near the
close of the famous Antinomian controversy. Be-
cause his opinions were obnoxious to the magis-
trates he proposed to a number of kindred spirits
to withdraw and plant a new colony, which they
did the following March, on the island of Rhode
Island. He at once assumed the functions of a
minister, conducting the public religious worship
of the inhabitants. The sense of freedom which
the settlers enjoyed led some of them into theolog-
ical vagaries, 'fliey broke not only from the au-
thority of the church, but from the authority also
of the Scriptures. They claimed to be led by an
"inner light." They were ably controverted by
" their minister, Mr. Clarke," who was strongly
seconded by Mr. Lcnthall, Mr. Harding, and others.
The Baptists maintained the binding authority of
the Bible and the existence upon earth of a visible
church with visible ordinances. This controversy
gave rise to the " Seekers," many of whom after-
wards became " Quakers."

A visit paid to William Witter, a member of the
church, during the .summer uf 1651 , by delegates
appointed by the church, may be noticed, since it
has been rendered memorable both on account of
the treatment received from the Massachusetts au-.
thorities and of the results that followed. The
truths presented by these confessors — .lolin (!larke.

lii otj.i:<"i

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NEWPORT

841

NEWPORT

Olmiliali Holmes, and Jolin CramJall — led to se-
rious exmniiiation ; "divers,"' as Obadiali Holmes
tiaid, " were put upon a way of inquiry." It is
interesting to know that among the number of
those was the suholarly Henry Dunster, then pres-
ident of Harvard College, who bcuauie oonvinecd
of the nnseripturalness of infant ha'ptism. 'J'hcso
events were preparing tlio way for the formation
of the First 15aptist church in Boston, with which
this cliuroh for several years held correspondence.

In the year 1052, the year after Mr. Clarke went
to England as agent for the colony, the question
of " laying hands on" all baptized believers began
to be discussed in the church, and four years later,
in 1656, several members withdrew and formed a
church of the " Six l^rinciple" order. The year
after Mr. Clarke's return from England, namely, in
1665, the Sabbath question was agitated in the
church, and a ia\f members supposing they were
thus following still more closely the teachings of
the Spirit in his Word, began to observe the sev-
enth day, and in 1671 a small number drew off and
formed a Sabbatarian church. On the 20th of April,
1676, Mr. Clarke died, after a laborious life devoted
to an extension of the Redeemer's kingdom, and
having from its very beginning served the colony
with almost unexampled fidelity and distinguished
success.

He was succeeded by Obadiah Holmes, who, born
in Preston, England, in 1606, and educated at Ox-
foril Univei-slty, came to this country in 1639 and
united with a Congregational church in Salem,
Mass., and ten years later, in Relioboth, was bap-
tized by Mr. Clarke, and with several others formed
a Baptist church. Removing to Newport, he united,
late in 1650 or early in 1651, with this ohureh. He
was one of the delegates to Lynn in 1651, where he
severely suffered for the sake of his faith. He as-
sisted in ministering to the church during !Mr.
Clarke's prolonged absence in England, and finally
succeeded to the pastoral office, in wiiich he contin-
ued till his death, which occurred October 15, 1682.

Singing in public worship was from the begin-
ning approved and practised. Four members were
• disfellowshiped in 1673 for denying the deity of
Christ. The doctrinal position of the church was
strongly Calvinistic. Both pastors, Clarke and
Holmes, left on record confessions of their faith.
The distinction which appeared in England dividing
the 15a|)tists into two bodies, described as "Par-
ticular" and "General," obtained likewise in this
country. This was from its organization a " Par-
ticuhir" or " Calvinistic" church, and has continuiid
so ever since. It was in early corresfiondence witli
the Particular Baptists of London, and with the
churches of Swanzey and l5oston. It made efforts
to disseminate Baptist principles both at home and
throughout the neighboring colonies. 'I'lie church
54

was furnished with a board of elders ; among the
earliest were Joseph Torrey, Oliadiah Holmes,
Mark Lucar, and John Crandall, the first of whom
held many offices of trust in the colony. The first
deacon was William Weeden, who died in 1676 ;
the second was Philip Smith. It should be men-
tioned, furtfier, thai, Robert Lenlhull attempted in
16li8 to form a Baptist church in Weymouth, Mass. ;
that Thomas Painter t.ad been puljlicly wliifi|)ed in
Ilingham, Mass., for refusing to carry liis child to
the baptismal font ; that John Cooke, once a Con-
gregational minister in Massachusetts, and the
subject of a letter from John Cotton to his nephew,
Cotton Mather, " was living in 1694, probably the
oldest survivor of the nnile jiassengers in the May-
flower ;" that Philip Edes was a friend and helper
of Oliver Ci-oinwell ; that Samuel Hubbard did
much by his letters and other manuscripts to pre-
serve the early history of the church and denomi-
nation.

(II. 16SP)-1732.) The third pastor was Richard
Dlngley, who, coming from England, was received
into the Baptist church in Boston in 1684, and four
years later was ordained pastor of this church ; in
1694 he resigned and went to South Carolina. In
November, 1711, William Peckkam, one of the
members of the church, was ordained to the pas-
torsliip, and continued in oflice until his death, in
1732. His ministry was disturbed by a headstrong
'elder, Daniel White, who had been procured as an
assistant, but who drew off a few members and set
up a separate meeting, whicli, however, continued
but a little while. John Comer, the fifth pastor,
born in Boston, Aug. 1, 1704, and educated at Yale
College, was baptized into the Baptist church in
Boston, Jan. 31, 1725, and May 19, 1726, ordained
pastor of this church, colleague with Elder Peck-
ham. His change of views respecting the rite of
the imposition of hands, and his preaching it as ob-
ligatory on the church, led to a severance of the
pastoral relation, Jan. 8, 1729.

During this period there were two interregna in
the pastoral ollice, the second extending to more
than a decade of years. During the first, however,
the church improved its material condition, and
during the second for most of the time sat under
the ministry of Mr. Bliss, a Seventh-day Baptist
preacher. The church not only had a name, but
had, and for a long time possessed, a local haljita-
tion. The meeting-house in which the churi-h had
long worshi|ied was sold in 1707, and during the
following year a new one was built. Though a
salary was voted him at his setthiinent, jMr. (^'omer
early made an effort to induce the church to adopt
the methud of weekly offerings for tfie support of
tfie ministry. The ('Imrcli voted, .Sept. 8, 1726,
" that a weekly contriliution for the support of the
ministry should be observed." Singing having

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NEWPORT

843

NEWPORT

fiilloii into disuse, .Mi-. Comer ro-introduoed it. IIo
coiiimonond also rcj;uliir uliurcli rocords, and f^iitli-
orod miadi inateriiil towards a history ol' tlio cliuroli.
or members during tliis period we may mention
James Barker, an elder in the church ; Peter Tay-
lor and Samuel Maxwell, made deacons in 1724,
and William l'(;cl<liam, in IT'!-; I'utor Foulger, the
maternal grandfather of Benjamin Franklin, and a
successful uiissiotniry to the Indians ; Thomas Uun-
gan, the lirst Bu[itist minister in Pennsylvania;
also three sons of the second pastor, namely, Oba-
diali, John, and Jonathan Holmes, one or two of
them pioneers in New Jersey. The church was
thus through its members extending its influence;
as during the former period throughout New I'jMg-
land, so during this to provinces more remote.

(III. 1732-1788.) John- Callender, the successor
of Mr. Comer, born in Boston in 1706, and gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1723, and the same year
baptized into tlie Baptist church of his native town,
was, Oct. 13, 1731, ordained as pastor of this
churcli. Tlio one hundredth anniversary of the
settlement of the island was celebrated by the
building of a new house of worship, and by a his-
torical discourse of great fullness and accuracy,
preached March 24, 1738, by the pastor, in which
he reviewed the events of tiie century. The entire
coJcmy was brought under obligation to him for
this first history of its beginnings and early pro-
gress, llis pastoral labors continued till death,
Jan. 26, 1748. Before the close of the same year
the church called to the pastorship Edward Uphani,
born in Maiden, Mass., in 1709, and graduated at
Harvard College in 1734. It was during his term
of service that the Baptists of America made an
eflbrt to establish a college within the colony, for
which Newport made a strong but unsuccessful
bid. There were cogent reasons why it should be
located elsewhere. Mr. Upham resigned his charge
in 1771, to be succeeded by Erasmus Kelley, who
was ordained on the 9th of October, lie was l)orn
in Bucks Co., Pa., July 24, 1748, and received his
education at the University of Pennsylvania. His
ministry was interrupted by the Revolutionary war
and the British occupancy of the town. He died
Nov. 7, 1784, and the pastoral office thus made va-
cant was filled by the choice of Benjamin Foster,
who began his labors on the first Lord's day in
January, 1785. He was born in Danvers, Mass.,
June 12, 1750, graduated at Yale College in 1774,
and September 4 of the same year was baptized
into tlie Baptist, church in Boston. Mr. Foster
severed his pastoral relations Sejit. 15, I78.S, and
removed to New York.

The doctrinal position of the church remained
unchanged. The last pastor was very pronounced
in his Calvinism. Uiiihn- his lea<lership the church
united with the Warren Association. So early in

this period as 1733-34 the ciiurcii liad agreed upon
the desirableness of coming into an association
with the churches with which it was in ecclesiasti-
cal I'ellowship. We do not know why the idea was
not then realized. During Mr. Foster's adminis-
tration, Tate and Brady's collection of hymns was
in the service of song superseilcd by l*r. Watts's
psalms and hymns. A few names nniy here be
mentioned, as follows: Samuel Fowler, member of
the last colonial Assembly which passed the bold
act that severed the colony I'rom Great Britain ;
William Claggett, an ingenious maker of astro-
nomical and musical clocks, and who anticipated
Franklin in some of his experiments with elec-
tricity ; llezekiah Carpenter and Josias Lyndon,
both generous benefactors of the church, though
the latter, Gov. Lyndon, was never a member ;
Benjamin Hall and Joseph Pike, made deacons in
1785.

lleviewing the history of the church thus far
traversed, we find a noble re(;ord made. Strong
were many of the men connected with the church,
worthy to be leaders in Zion ; and the ministry was
able and cultivated. With scarcely an exception
the pastors were men of university training. Ben-
edict, having in his history (1848) brought his
account of this church down to the close of this
period, 1788, adds this remark : " We have now
followed the succession of pastors of this ancient
community for about a century and a half, . . .
and of these nine pastors all but Mr. Holmes (he
means Mr. Peckham) were men of liberal educa-
tion."

(IV. 1789-1834.) The next pastor's term of ser-
vice extended through nearly a half-century.
Michael Eddy, born in Swanzey, Mass., in 1760,
and ordained in the same town in 1785, was called
to the pastorship of this church Aug. 10, 1789. In
1792 the church, without assigning any reason for
the action, voted to withdraw from the Warren As-
sociation, and it remained unassociated during the
remainder of Mr. Eddy's long pastorate. For a
number of years a union Sunday-school was nmin-
tained by the several churches in town. Subse-
quently the different churches organized schools of •
their own. That in connection with this church
was formed in 1834, and the same year the First
Baptist Society was incorporated. During this
period we .seem to pass from the ancient into the
modern world, llajiid changes were taking place
in modes of life. And changes even in matters of
faith were beginning to appear. Suspicions of
unsoundness in the faith cloiuli'd tlii! closing years
of the pastor's life. A loosening in the spiritual
temple was irianifest. Some members became Ar-
minians, a few were tinctured even with Socinian-
ism. Dr. Channing was welcomed to preach in the
pulpit. One sermon of his nuidc a strong imprcs-

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NEWPORT

843

NEWPORT

lion. Nevortlieloss, tlio iiiajorily of tlio cluiroli, it
\3 lielifved, reiiuiineJ true, tliuu;;h it is known
tliiit a fuw ill tlioir lovo (or [iiU'O orthodoxy left tlie
clmrcli. James A. MuKonzlo was cliosen assistant
niinistei in 1833, and the following deacons were
elected: Jetliro Briggs, in 1803; George Tilley, in
1813; Ahner P(;ekham and Arnold Barker, in
{"S'l'l; Benjamin V/ . Smith and I'eleg .Saidord, in
1833. Mr*. Eddy died Juno 3, 1835.

(V. 1834-1880.) Already the oliureh liad called
to the pastoral oflioe Arthur Amasa Boss, born in
Thomson, Conn., in 1791, and ordained in his na-
tive town in 1819, who entered upon his duties as
pastor of this church Nov. 9, 1834. Ilis preaching
produced consternation among those who had re-
ceived " another gospel." In 183G the church re-
united with the Wtirrcn Association. In commem-
oration of the two hundredth anniversary of the
settlement of the island the pastor preached, April
4 (March 24, O.S.), 1838, a historical sermon, in
which he reviewed the second century of progress.
lie resigned his charge Nov. 1, 1840, and Joseph
Smith was invited, Jan. 2, 1841, to succeed him.
lie was born in llam|istead, N. II., June 31, 1808,
studied a year (1831-32) at the Newton Theologi-
cal Institution, and was graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1837, and the same year ordained as
pastor of the Baptist church in AVoonsocket, U. I.
During his pastorate a new meeting-house was
built, with galleries on three sides, and containing
120 jiews on the tloor. It was dedicated, May 13,
1S40, " to the wurship of God, the Father, the Son,
und the Holy Ghost." The Psalmist displaced in
the service of song Winchell's edition of Watts.
On the 19th of August, 1849, Mr. Smith resigned
the pastoral ollice, and was succeeded by Samuel
Adlain, who was called to the pastorship the 14th
of the following October. He was born in Bristol,
England, Feb. 4, 1798, and at the age of twenty-
two came to Boston, where he was baptized into
the First Baptist church. He was ordained pastor
of the Baptist church in West Medway, Mass., and
after two other settlements was graduated at the
Newton Theological Institiiti(jn in ls;i8. It was
during his ministry that twenty churches, of which
this was one, withdrew from the Warren Assiicia-
tion and Conned a new body, which was called the
Narragansett Association. Mr. Adiam resigned
his charge June 27, 1804, and March 12, ISGo, was
succeeded by Uev. C. Iv Barrows, U.D., who was
graduated at Hrown University in 1858, and the
Newton Theohigical Institution in 18(11, and on
tln^ 25tli of Di'ivmbcr of that year was ordained
pastor of the Baptist church in Peabody, iMass.
The following bnthrcn have during this period
been elected deacons: Henjamin 15. llowland, in
1837; Samuel S. Peekham, in 1847 ; Slephen S.
Albro and Samuel Eyles, in 1857; Gilbert Tomp-

kins, George M. Hazard, Thomas II. Clarke, and

George Nason, in 1807; and in IM74, Ara Ilihlreth.
Mr. llowland was deacon fur forty years, and for
fifty years was clerk of the town and city of New-
port.

C. E. BAUROWS, D.l).

During the nearly two centuries and a half which
have elapsed since the lirst niemlicrs of the church
entered into solemn covenant with one another to
observe the public worship of God and keep the
ordinances as given by the Head of the church,
this body has remained true to its early confessions
of faith. Slight changes have been made in the
statement of some of the doctrines, nevertheless the
essential princijiles on which the church rests are
the same now as at the lirst. Among the prin-
ciples at the beginning were these : that Christ
" may alone lay commands upon tlie church with
respect to worship ;" that " dipping in water is one
of these commands, and that only a believer may bo
baptized ;" that " baptized believers have the liberty
to speak in the assemblies of the saints for the edi-
lication of the whole;" and that " no disciple of
Christ has a right to constrain or restrain the con-
science of another, or to seek by physical force to
compel ini'ii to worship God." The church still
believes that Christ alone is the rightful sovereign
in the realm of religious faith ; that his will has
been recorded in Holy Sc;ripture, which is a sutli-
cient rule of doctrine and duty ; that it is the will
of Christ that those who have by faith accepted
him as their Saviour should identify themselves
with his people by church relations; that the ordi-
nances of baptism and the laird's Supper belong to

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NEWTON

844

NEW YORK

the cliurcli, luid lue designed to set forth great
spiritual facts, — tlie first the origin, and the second
tlie maintenance of the new life in the soul, and
each in intimate and vital cimnoction with the
death of Christ ; and finally, tliat Christ's ciiurch,
deeply imbued with his Spirit, is^the divinely ap-
pointed a;^rMcy fur the evangelization of the world.

Newton, Prof. Calvin, was bom in South-
borough, Mass., Nov. 2(), 180U. He entered Brown
University in lcS20, and graduated at Union College
in 1824. While in Brown University he became
a Christian and was baptized. lie was licensed
to preach by the church in Southborough ; gradu-
ated at Newton in 1S29, and was ordained pastor
of the eliurcli in Beliinglnim, Mass., the same year.
lie remain(ul here three years, and then accepted
an appointment, in 1832, as professor in Watervillo
College, lie occupied the chair to wiiich lie liad
been elected for five years. Resigning his position
in Waterville, he was appointed professor in the
newly established theological institution in Maine.
AV'ith this institution he was associated for four
years, when he became pastor of the cliurcli in
Grafton, Mass. Having decided to become a phy-
sician, he (lursued his medical studies until he re-
ceived the degree of M.D. from the medical institu-
tion in Pittsfield, Mass. During the remainder of
his life, he was for the most of the time a lecturer
or professor in the Worcester Medical Institution,
and finally its presidi.'ut. He died Aug. 9, ISo3.

Newton, Matthew Turner, M.D., son of Dea-
con Israel and Harriet T. Newton, was born in
1830 in Colchester, Conn. ; fitted for college at
Bacon Academy ; in 1848 alio.se the medical pro-
fession, and in 1851 graduated from the iiiedical
department of Yale College ; commenced practice
in Salem, Conn. ; represented Salem in the Gen-
eral Assembly in 1S53 ; at the close of the Legis-
lature removed to Sullield ; in the civil war was
assistant surgeon of 3d Conn. Vols. ; afterwards
surgeon of 10th Conn. Vols. ; resumed practice in
Sullield ; elected deacon of Second Baptist church
in Sndield in 187:); has been a trustee of Connec-
ticut l/iterary Institution since 1872; occupies a
high position in society, and exerts a broad and
happy inllui'nce.

Newton Theolog-ical Institution commenced

its first session on the 28tli of November, 1825.
The plan for the (bundation of a theologiual insti-
tution of a high order had long been under contem-
,jlalion, but did not take definite shape until the 25tli
of -May, 1825, wlien at a large meeting of Baptist
ministers and laymen, representing different sec-
tions of New England, it was decided to establish
such an institution, and eominence operations at
Newton Ccnitre, Mass. The new seminary was
opened, witli Rev. Irah Chase as the first instructor
of its students, with whom was associated, at the

beginning of the second year. Rev. Henry J. Ripley.
These two professors constituted the faculty of in-
struction for six years. In 1834 the trustees added
Rev. James I). Knowles to the corps of instructors,
and in 1830, Rev. Barnas Sears. Upon the death
of Prof. Knowles in 1838, Prof. II. B. Hackett,
then a professor in Brown University, was called
to Newton. The early history of the institution
was marked by the usual experiences of such sem-
inaries of learning. Interest was awakened, some
funds raised, students increased faster than there
was ability to meet their wants; then a trouble-
some debt oppressed the hearts of friends and well-
wishers ; then came attempts to secure, first, an
endowment of ?30,000, then of §50,000, both of
which attempts failed ; theji another eflbrt to
secure !5100,000 was made, and that was success-
ful. But the amount was not ynt deemed suffi-
cient to meet the wants of the institution, and
there followed a sclieme to add $200,000 to the en-
dowment already existing, and success crowned the
eflbrt, thus placing Newton on such a foundation
that there was every reason to believe its future
pros|)erity was placed beyond all ordinary contin-
gencies.

More than 700 students have enjoyed the advan-
tages of the institution, having obtained their theo-
logical education in part or wholly within its walls.
Of this large number more than three-fourths have
been pastors of churches in this country, and about
60 have received appointments as missionaries to
the foreign field. Not far from 55 students have
been called to occupy prominent positions in (nir
colleges or theological seminaries, either as presi-
dents or professors, while a large number have
been useful as authors or editors. The institution
has done a noble work for the cause of Christ in
connection with the ileiuniiination, to whose minis-
try it has been such a rich blessing.

New York Baptist Home for Aged and In-
firm Persons is the nanie of one of tlie best insti-
tutions in New York. It is the outgrowth of the
Ladies' Home Society, organl/.ed in 18tj9 to pro-
vide the agi-d, infirm, cr destitute members of the
Baptist ehurelies of Nmv York with a comfortable
residence, with board, cloliiing, skillful medical at-
tendance, with tln^ir accustomed religious services,
anil, at their death, with respectable buri;.!. In
its application for means to accomplish its x-.nA tlip
society met with a generous response, and speedily
erected a large building in Sixty-eighth Street. It
is six stories high, and u'u-rAy I'jriiished. It does
not belie its name. It l-.is luoms for the arcum-
niodation of over a hnnilrcd inmates. To ol/tain
the position ap|ilicants must be recommended by
the pastor and deacon.s of the oliurch to which they
belong, or shall i;ive otlier satisnii:l(n-y evidi u-e of
their good standing in a regular Baptist church for

AiVOX 'n'A'

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846

NJ-J]V YORK

five years, must liiive no iiieiiiis of support, nor rel-
atives who will provide for tliein, and must pay to
the treasurer $100. " I'aCrons," who have paid
$1000, can enter one person without the entrance
fee, and, in exceptional oases, the trustees iiuiy
admit applicants without the fee. A matron pre-
sides over the institution, who is'cliosen lor her
i^entlciioss, piety, and litncss for such a responsible
position. It is her duty each day to inquire alter
the comfort and health of the inmates, and provide
promptly all that may be necessary for them.
Both male and female members of the churches,
becoming poor, and with no friends to sup|)0rt
them, find in this building a home in which to
abide with i-omfmt until called to the eternal i-est.

New York Baptists, Historical Sketch of.—
In the latter part of the seventeenth century Uev.
William Wickenden, of Ivliode Island, a Baptist
minister, visited the little town of New York to
preach Christ. He labored for two years, meeting
with discouragements and persecution. Without a
license from the representatives of the British gov-
ernment, he was regai'ded as a law-breaker, and
thrown into prison, where he lingered for months.
For several years afterwards no Baptist minister
made New York the scene of his labors. In 1712,
Rev. Valentine AVightman, of Oroton, Conn., came
to New York for a short period; during his min-
istry about a dozen persons were baptized. After
his removal Jlr. Nicholas Eyers preached to the
struggling community which he left. The follow-
ing petition of his is on record :

"To Ills Excellence William Burnet, Esq., Cap-
tain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Prov-
ince of New York and New Jersey.
" The humble petition of Nicholas Eyers, brewer,
a Baptist teacher in the city of New York :

" Sheweth unto your Excellency that on the first
Tuesday of Feb., 1715, at a general quarter sessions
of the peace, held at the city of New York, the hired
house of your petitioner, situated in the broad street
of this city, between the houses of John JMichel
Eyers and Mr. John Spratt, was registered for an
Anabaptist meeting-house within this city ; that
the petitioner has it certified under the bands of
sixteen inhabitants, of good faith and credit, that
he had been a public teacher to a Baptist congre-
gation within this city for four years, and some of
them for less; that he has it certified by the Hon.
Kip Van Dam, Esq., one of his Majesty's council
for the provirice of New York, to have hired a house
in this city from him January, 1720, only to be a
public house for the Baptists, which he still kee|]S;
and as he lias obtained from the Mayor and Ue-
oorder of this city an ample certificate of his good
behavior and innocent conversation, he thercfure
humbly prays :

" May it please your Excellency,

"To grant and permit this petitioner to execute
the ministerial function of a minister within this
city to a 15aptist congregation, and to give him pro-
tection therein, according to his Majesty's gracious
indulgence extended towards the Protestants dis-
senting from the lOstabiishcd (church, ho being
willing to comply with all that is recjuired by the
Act of Toleration from dissenters of that persuasion
in Great Britain, and being owned for a reverend
brother by other Baptist teachers.

"As in duty bound the petitioner shall ever
pray.

" NlCHOL.^S EvEliS."

After this petition was granted the community
to which Mr. Eyers ministered enjoyed consider-
able prosperity, and in 1724 a church was formally
organized, and subsequently a meeting house was
built on Golden Hill, near John Street, of which
they were deprived in a few years by the action of
one of their own trustees, who had the liouse sold.
Mr. Eyers was pastor of the church for seven years.
After 1732 the community disbanded. The church
of Mr. Eyers is described as an " Armiiiian" com-
munity.

In 1745, Jeremiah Dodge, a member of the Fish-
kill Baptist church, who lived in the city of New
York, opened his house for the Baptist worship,
instituted by his Master and precious to liimself.
Benjamin Miller, of New Jersey, was accustomed
to preach in the house of Mr. Dodge. Some of the
members of tlie Free-AVill Church, whom the Lord
had taught to renounce Arminianism, joined Mr.
Dodge in sustaining the new movement. Joseph
Meeks, who was baptized the first year that Mr.
Dodge had preaching in his house, greatly contrib-
uted to the continued existence of this Baptist en-
terprise. John I'ine, a licentiate of the Fishkill
church, preached for them for some time. In 1747
the Scotch Plains church. New Jersey, was consti-
tuted, and in 1753 the thirteen Now York Baptists
united with the community at Scotch Plains. Ben-
jamin Miller, the pastor of the church, needed
more room for his New York heavers than a dwell-
ing-house could afford, and a rigging-loft was se-
cured in Cart-and-IIorse Street, now William Street,
in which the future First church of New York held
its meetings for several years. They erected their
first church edifice on Gold Street, which was opened
in March, 17(J0. On the 10th of June, 1762, twenty-
seven persons, who had veceiveil letters of dismis-
sion fertile purpose front llie Scoti-h Plains church,
formed the First Regular Baiitist church of New
York City. The same day John Gano, of New Jer-
sey, entered upon his duties as pastor of tlie cliurch,
and in two or three years the membership nxcocdci!
two hundred. The house had to be enlarged, and

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NEW YORK

847

NEW YORK

Boon it was filled to overflowing. The eloquence
and piety of Mr. Gano made him one of the most
popular ministers in the eolonies.

iJuring the Revolution the church was dispersed ;
baptism was not admini.stered from April, 1770, to
September, 1784. Mr. Gano was a brave patriot,
and he entered the army as a ohaplliin. This po-
sition he iield throughout the war. When the
enemy evacuated New York ho returned, to find
only thirty-seven memliers of his church. The
church edilicc had been used as a stable, but it w^as
soon renovated; and on the resumption of divine
worship the Lord visited them again, and in two
years the church numbered more than two hun-
dred. -Mr. Gano left it in 178S for Kentucky, and
lie continued there until his death, in 1804.

In 1788, Rev. Dr. Renjamin Foster, of Rhode
Island, l)ecanie pastor of the church, who died of yel-
low fever in 1798, after exercising his ministry with
much acceptance and success for nearly ten years.
The Rev. William Collier, of Boston, accepted the
pastorate in 180(J, and in 1803 the church opened a
new stone meeting-house, Go by 80 feet, which cost
$25,000. Mr. Collier resigned in 1804. In the
same year the Rev. William Parkinson sncceeded
Mr. Collier, and continued pastor till 1840. In
1841, Rev. Dr. Cone took the oversight of the First
church, and held that ollice till 18.55. The Rev. A.
Kingman Nott was elected his successor, and was
drowned July 7, 1859, and the Rev. Dr. Anderson
followed Mr. Nott. Dr. John Peddle is the present
pastor. This mother of churches has had an illus-
trious succession of shepherds, men of God and men
of remarkable talents; and she has had, and has
still, a membership worthy of her pastors.

In New York, and iii its suburbs and surround-
ing cities, there arc now more than one hundred
churches, where a century ago our single Baptist
church edifice was a stable for British cavalry
horses, and its male members were in the Revolu-
tionary army or in tiio graves of patriots.

There were Baptists settled at Oyster Bay, Long
Island, probably not many years artei'> William
AVickendcn preached in New Y'^ork City. They
were found here in 1700, with William Rhodes, a
licentiate, as their preacher, under whose minis-
trations converts were brought to Jesus, and
among them Robert Feeks, who was ordained
pastor in 1724. Fishkill had a Baptist churcli in
1745, of which Jeremiah Dodge was a member,
who had removed to New York, and in that year
opened his house for Baptist worship. Northeast
church was founded in 1751, by men who had been
brought to Christ in the great revivals in the time
of Whitefield ; Simon Dakin was their (irst pastor.
The First church of Dover was constituted in
1757, and the next year Rev. Samuel Waldo be-
came their pastor, and held that position for tliirty-

five years. In 175'J the church at Stanford was
organized. The Warwick church was formed in
1766, by Rev. James Benedict, and from a small
membership it soon liegan to ))rosper, and early in
its history it established several new churches.
From these seed-scattering communities, and from
Baptists coming from New Lngland, our principles
soon after this date, at the close of the Revolution-
ary war, began to spread with extraordinary rapid-
ity, and this was especially true in the western part
of the State.

Tlie first Baptist meeting in Western New York
was held at Butternuts, in 1773, within the present
limits of Otsego County. In 177t> another meeting
(or worship was established by six baptized Indians,
at Brothertown, now in the county olOneida. These
red brethren came from Connecticut and Long
Island, N. Y. Tlie community at Butternuts was
scattered by the Revolutionary war, but four of
the families composing it returned after the proc-
lamation of peace, and the next year revived their
meetings for public worship, and in August, 1793,
they were recognized as a regular Baptist church.
In 1789, Rev. William Furman settled in Spring-
field, Otsego Co., and at once began the preaching
of the gospel, which was soon made powerful to the
conversion of souls, and a church was formed, con-
sisting of 30 members, in 1789 ; the church in
Franklin, Delaware Co., was constituted in 1792 ;
in 1794 the Kortright church, Delaware County,
and the First, Second, and Third Burlington
churches, Otsego County, were organized. And
the word of God had free course, and was glorified
in the conversion of throngs and in the formation
of great numbers of churches. On Sept. 2, 1795,
under the leadership of Rev. William Furman, the
ministei's and messengers of thirteen churches met
at Springfield and formed the Otsego Association.
The sessions were full of joy, hope, and the love of
Christ. In 1800 this !)ody containeil 37 churches,
with 1718 members, nearly two-fifths of all the
Baptist church members in the State of New York.
The advantages conferred by the Otsego Association
led to tho formation, in 1801, of the Cayuga Asso-
ciation, and similar needs and benefits resulted in
the organization of others, and such an era of al-
most unbounded prosperity blessed the denomina-
tion in Western Now York that in 184G there were
thirty Associations in that field.

Among the instrumentalities greatly favored of
God in spreading the gosjiel in Western New York
was the " Lake Missionary Society, " founded in
Pompey, Onondaga Co., in the house of Rev. Jona-
than Baker, Aug. 27, 1807. This body, at its meet-
ing in German in 1808, assumed the name of the
" Hamilton Missionary Society." It employed men
of great zeal and ability to preach Christ, and its
success was very groat. It was nobly assisted by

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NEir YORK

848

NKW YORK

the " Ilamillou Female Society" and other women's
orgimizations existing lor the sumo purpose ; tlio
first c(iiiU-ibiiti<ni from tiiis source came on Feb. I'J,
1812. 'J'he Miissaeiiiisett.s Baptist Missionary So-
ciety sent laborers into tliis fiokl. The "New York
Missionary Society" performed some mission ser-
vice among the Tuscamra Indians. On Nov. 21,
1S21, at Mentz, Cayuga (Jo., the "Baptist Domes-
tic Missionary Ci)MV(!!itiun of the State of New
York" was founded, and for an account of its
growtli, cluiiigcs, and great usefulness, see article
on New Yokk Statu Missionauv Convention.

An educated miuistry for our rapidly-increasing
churches was long felt to be an absolute necessity.
To meet this pressing demand, on Sept. 24, 1817,
the " Baptist Education Society of the State of New
York" was formed. 'I'lie first applicant for its pa-
tronage was Dr. "Wade, subsequently of JJurmab.
Dr. Kinoaid, a member of the sauie class, and a
laborer in tlie same heathen field, was among the
earliest to receive its advantages. For two years
the students were taught ijy private instructors,
aud at academies, until the spring of 1821), when
the (iamilton " Literary and Theological lustitu-
tion" was founded, which liuall)' iiecame Madison
University, Hamilton Theological Seminary, and
Colgate Academy. The institutions at Hamilton
have done more for New York, Now England, the
JSIiddle and ^Vestern States, and Burraah than any
human pen will ever record. Uoclicstcr Univer-
sity, with its brilliant history, came from Hamilton.

For the Baptist newspapers of New York, see
articles on The E.kaminer and CnRONiciiE, The
Bai'TIST AYeeki.y, and Tue Watch-'I'ower.

The " New York Association" is tlie best-known
body of that character in the >State. In tlie min-
utes of the Philadelphia Bajjtist Association for
1790 we find the following: "The request of the
churches at Stamford, Warwick, First and Second
of New York, King Street, and Staten Island, for
permission to join other Associations if it should bo
found more coiiviuiient, is granted." The Associ-
ation was formed Oct. 10, 1791. The Rev. Elkanah
Holmes was chosen moderator, and the Itev. Dr.
Foster, pastor of the First church, clerk. Dr. Fos-
ter preached the lirstscririou before the Association
froui tlie text, " Many shall run to and fro, and
knowledge shall be increased." The meeting was
held in the First church of New York. On May
2, 1805, the F'ayette Street, better known as the
Oliver Street church, was received into the Asso-
ciation ; the messengers representing it on that
occasion were John Williams, pastor, and John
"Withington, Jacob Smith, John Cauldwcll, and
Francis AVayland. The New York Association
has been icMiarkably active and useful in extend-
ing the Uedeemer's kingdom throughout the State,
and its members have ever shown a spirit of en-

lightened liberality in their contributions to spread
the gospel all over this and many other lands.

There are now 44 Associations in the Slate of
New York, 877 churches, 801 ordained ministers,
1 14,094 church members, and 878 Sunday-schools,
with lo,101 officers and teachers, and 91,217 schol-
ars. In New York the Baptist denomination is but
of yesterday, and yet its numbers, intelligence, re-
sources, piety, and influence oxhiliit a miracle of
prosperity.

New York, The First Baptist Church of.—

This splendid edifice was deilicated to the worship
of Almighty God in October, 1871. The church
and chapel, with their ground and furniture, cost
$197,500. The edifice is free from debt. Tlie spire,
like the whole structure, is of brownstone. Dr.
John Peddie is the devoted and popular pastor of
the venerable community worshiping in the superb
edifice represented in our picture.

New York State Missionary Convention,

The. — Availing ourselves of facts stated at the
annual meeting of the Convention for 1880, it may
be interesting to say that the first Baptist church
organized in New York State west of the Hudson
was in 1789, at Springfield, Otsego Co., aud in
1795 the Otsego Association was organized with 13
churches and 5 iniuistcrs. In 1802 its churches
had increased to 42, and its ministers to 9. There
were at this time in the whole State of New York
only 80 churches, with not more than 5000 mem-
bers. In 1817 the number of churches was 310,
with 28,000 members. Now, in 1880, the number
of churches is 877, with nearly 115,000 members.
In 1802 the population of the Empire State was
about 050,000; in 1880 it is fully 5,000,000. The
Baptist denomination in the same years has in-
creased more than three times faster than the pop- .
ulation, and in the decade ending with 1880 the
growth has been more rapid than that of the pop-
ulation.

To no other cause than to the character of the
first and second generations of pioneer Baptist
ministers can this large growth be ascribed. Most
of the first generation died early in this century,
and few of them lived later than 1825. But how
can this generation estimate the debt it owes to
such ministtii's of the Lord Jesus as Joseph Cor-
nell, Ashbel Ilosmer, William Furman, Salmon
Morton, Obed Warren, David Irish, Emory Os-
good, John Lawton, Joel Butler, Sylvanus Haynes,
Ora Butler, Lemuel Covill, and Jonathan Ferris?
And to such laymen as Sipiire Munro, Jonathan
Olmsted, Samuel Payne, Kbenezer Wakcly, and
John Keep? These were noble men of tlie first
generation of Baptist pioneers, and befoi* they had
entered into rest anoth(.;r generation on wliom their
manthi had fallen took up llicir work and bore their
responsibilities. They included such ministers as

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NEW YORK

850

NEW YORK

Alfred Bunnett, Nathaniel Kendrick, Daniel Ilas-
call, John Peck, Oalol> Douglass, John Blod^ott,
Lewis Leonai'd, Cornelius P. Wyokoff, Elon (Jalu-
slia, John SMiitzer, IJartlidloiiiow T. Welch, S|jCMcer
II. Cone, Oliver C. Conistock, and Elisha Tucker,
and such laymen as WiUiani Coli^ate. Friend Iluni-
jihrey, Alexander 51. Beeijec, Scii-eca B. Burchard,
Asa Bennett, Orcn Saii^e, and William Cohh.

These men knew how to discern the signs of
cominji; events and obligations, and to make ready
for them. In 1807 they formed the Hamilton Mis-
sionary Society, and its field was wider than the
State. In 1812, Mrs. Betsey Payne and Mrs. Free-
dom Olmsted attended the annual meeting of the
society as delegates from what was called the Ham-
ilton Female Missionary Society, and carried with
them twenty yards of fulled cloth as their society's
euntributicju to the larger treasury. This was the
Hrst woman's Baptist missionary society known
west cjf the Hudson, but it soon became the mother
of a large number of like societies overall the State.
In IS14, liov. John M. Peck attended the annual
meeting of the Hamilton Society as the represent-
ative of Luther Bice, and the society took imme-
diate measures to awaken a spirited co-operation
in the work of foreign missions. In the same year
tlie necessity of a religious paper, devoted largely
to religious news, was felt, and a quarterly paper,
called The VcJiicle, was set agoing, which was sub-
sequently merged in the New York Ji((j>tisl Reijis-
ter. In 1817 the New York State Baptist Education
Society was organized, and in 182i) the Hamilton
Literary and Theological Institution was started
upon its beneficent career. In 1S2I, prompted by
the Hudson Kiver Association, the State Missionary
Convention was organized at .Mentz, near Auburn,
and in 1825 the long-dcsireil unionof the Hamilton
Missionary Society and the State Convention was
effected.

What this State Convention, dating back by this
union to the year 1807, has done appears in its
helping to make strong and self-supporting such
churches as Binghamton, Owego, Waverly, Corn-
ing, First and Emmanuel, Buffalo, First and Sec-
ond, llochester, Ogdensburg, and scores of others
in every part of the State. But, like most other
good movements, the Convention has had a check-
ered history. It took several years to liring about
a union between it and the Hamilton Missionary
Society. But some years after the union was ef-
fected a new and rather sharp trial came in settling
the relations that should exist between the Conven-
tion and the American Baptist Home Jlissiou So-
ciety. An a'uxiliary relationship was finally fixed
upon, and it was made the duty of the Convention
to act as a collecting agcuicy for the Home Mission
Society, so as to avoid two sets of appeals to the
churches. But it was found, after some vears of

trial, that the plan did not work well. Then came
the conflict of a re-adjustment, which ended in mak-
ing the State of New York open to the agents of
both organizations. But the Convention contiruied
to do good work for the means at its comnnind under
this arrangement to the year 1868, vfhen the co-op-
erative system was adopted, Ijy which all the home
and domestic money of the State wont into the Home
Mission Society's treasury, and the State mission-
aries were paid out of that general fund. The
effect of this was to nmke the State Convention
less influential and successful as a purely State
organization.

In 1874 the Convention was reorganized at Ilor-
nellsville, N. Y., under a new constitution, the
main purpose of which was to make it a strictly
State organization, more distinctively representa-
tive in its character and less complicated in its
structure. It was provided that its sole object
should be to promote the interests of the State
missionary, educational, and Sunday-school work,
and that its efforts sliould be directed by an exec-
utive committee of seven men living in the city of
New York and vicinity. In these six years a larger
and better work has been done within the State
than in any other corresponding period in the Con-
vention's history. Each year has been an advance
over the one preceding it in the number of mis-
sionaries commissioned, the work done, and the
amount of money received. In the year closing
witli October, 1880, the total receipts and disburse-
ments were $11, 978. .31. During the year 7^^ mis-
sionaries were commissioned, as against 61 the
|irevious year ; and from 70 of these reports were
received quarterly up to October 1. These show a
total of 2344 weeks' labor performed, 6230 sermons
preached, 3'J31 prayer-meetings held, 12,470 re-
ligious visits, 242 churches and ont-stations sup-
plied, and 260 persons baptized by the missionaries
themselves. The late annual meetings of the Con-
vention have been distinguished for their unity and
ability, and for their benign influence on all the
denominational interests of the State.

New York Watch-Tower, The, is a weekly
journal devoted to Christian work in the Baptist
denomination. It was at first called T/ie Baptist
Outlook, edited by Justin D. Fulton, D.D., but ia
1878 its name was changed, and John W. Olmstead,
D.D., became the editor and pro|irictor. It ap-
peared at hrst in the quarto form, but increase of
patronage led to enlargement and a change to the
folio form. Its plan is to furnish a good Baptist
newspaper at so low a price that the less able mem-
bers of our churches will be induced to take it.
In November, 1880, the paper was further enlarged
and improved nndrr the auspices of The Watrh-
Towcr Publishing Co., Dr. Olmstead, editor-in-
chief, with ahU»-nssi.-,tants. It is loyal to Christ

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NILES

851

NOEL

and the Biiptist faith and practice. It is tlie special
cliauipiou of the "Bihle Uiiiuii" pi'iucipius, of pure
versions in the English as well as foreign tongues.
As a journalist. Dr. Olmstoad, so long the editor of
the WakliDuin and h'ijteclur, of Boston, stands de-
servedly higii. A large part of iiis ])aper is lillod
with carefully-written editorial matter. His dis-
cussions of religious and denominational matters
are calm, dignilieil, and forcihio. The )\'iilc/i.-'I'(iwer
is growing in pulilic favm- and patronage.

Niles, Rev. Asa, was born in North Middle-
borough, Mass., Feb. 10, 1777. Ho was liaptized
by Rev. Dr. Baldwin in 180t), and united with tlie
Second Baptist church in Boston. lie studied for
a time with Uov. W . Williams, of Wrentlnini, Mass.,
and at a meeting of the Warren Baptist -Association
at AVarren, 11. 1., in 1805, ho was ordained as an
evangelist. IIo commenced at once to preach, and
labored in several places, not remaining long in any
one of them. lie was also a missionary of the
llhode Island Convention for some time, doing the
work uf an evangelistin diU'cront parts of the State.
In 1S32 lie removed to North Middleborough, and
preached there for two years. His death occurred
April 15, 1849.

Nisbet, Ebenezer, D.D., was boi-n June 20,

1820, in Edinburgh, Scotland. He came witli his

KllENEZER NISIIET, D.l).

parents to America in 1834. The family settled in
Broome Co., N. Y. After some years they removed
to the neighborhood of Owego, N. Y., at whose
academy Ehene/.cr {irejiarod for the University of
Ivochester, in which he graduated in 1853. He

entered Rochester Theological Semimiry the same
year, and graduated in 1855. He remained as a
resident graduate at Rochester for a year, and then
settled at East Avon, N. Y., and was ordained Sc.'pt.
5, 185U. He was pastor at Kast Avon and Brock-
port, N. Y., at Fond du Lac, Wis., at Rochester,
N. Y., at llock Island, III., and he is now pastor at
Leavenworth, Kansas, During his labors at East
Avon the membership nearly doubled, large acces-
sions were made at Brockport, 342 were admitted
to the Fond du Lac church, and aliove'200 at llocli-
ester. At Rock Island he was instrumental in
largely relieving the church of a burdensome debt,
while at Leavenworth under his administration a
debt of above $16,000 has been removed. The
University of Chicago bestowed upon bim, in June,
1808, the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He deliv-
ered the following year in the university building,
before the Ministers' Institute of the Northwest, a
course of lectures on "Science and Religion." He
was appointed, in 1881, by the governor of Kan-
sas, one of the regents of the State University. He
is the author of an able work on the Resurrection,
and he has also written several review articles.
Quite a number of his sermons have been pub-
lishe<i by request.

Nix, Rev. Allen, an able pioneer preacher of
Ouachita Baptist iVssociation, La., died in Cata-
houla Parish in 1847. At the time of his death he
was pastor of the First Baptist church on Little
River.

Noble, Rev, Mark, was born in Old Charlton,
Kent, England, Nov. 25, 1836 ; was converted
under the preaching of Rev. C. II. Spurgeon, by
whom he was Ijaptized Dec. 1, 185'J. He was or-
dained at Neeton, Norfolk, England. Mr. Noble
was brought up by hia maternal grandparents. In
early life ho studied arciiitecture. He entered J\Ir.
Spurgeon's college in 1862. He had charge of the
Baptist church at Carleton Road, Norfolk, which
he resigned to come to iVmerica, in 1870. He ar-
rived in Fairbury, Neb., March 10, 1870. Under
his labors the Baptist church in Fairlmry was or-
ganized, July 3, 1870; also, July 5, 1870, the Dry
Branch Baptist church. Mr. Noble has served
these churches since their formation, and has or-
ganized other churches. Ho has labored indus-
triously and successfully amid many privations.

Noel, Hon. and Rev, Baptist W,, was for many

years an eminent clergyman of tint Church of Eng-
land, but from 1848 he was ideiitilled with the Eng-
lish Baptists. IIo was the brother of the Earl of
Gainsborough, lie was eiiucateil at Trinity College,
Cambridge, graduating with distinction in 1826.
Having been ordained, he became minister of St.
John's, Bedford-row, London, where he preached
to a very numiirous audience of the upper classes
until his secession from the Established Church.

ICK

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NOEL

852

NOEL

He was univei-sally regarded as one of tlie most
eiiiiiieiit preacliers in the metropolis, and a leader
of tlie evaiiiielical party. lie was one of the royal
chaplains, and according to common report more

HON. .\.ND REV. HAl'TIST »'. NOEL.

than once declined promotion to the Episcopal
bench. Ilia secession was the leading event in
Engli.sh ecclesiastical affairs for some timi'. The
pnblication of his book, on the " Union of <!hiirch
and State" e.xcited much curiosity concerning his
futnrc course. At length he avowed himself con-
vinced of the Scriptnrahiess of Baptist jiriiiciples,
and was publicly baptized in London, Aug. 9, l.'^4'.>.
lie pnhlished two essays about the same tinie on
the '• E.xtermil A'ct of 15a|itism" and "Christian
Baptism." Soon after, he entered upon his min-
istry in John Street Chapel, as successor to the
ver\ei-able John Harrington Evans, near the scene
of his labors as a State (Church clergyunm. Here
lie ministered until 1808, wln'u, having attained
his seventieth year, he resigned his pastoral charge,
and engaged occasionally in evangelistic services
in dilVerent parts of the country, as he had done
for hOHie time after his retirement IVum the Church
of England. As an Episcopal minister he had
wielded a moral influence scarcely second to that
of any of iiis contemporaries. This was due to the
fine blending of dignity and independence in his
character with higli spirituality. When he joined
the Baptists these qualities were irradiated by
the sacrifices he had made for con.seieiice' sake.
Wherever he went to |)reach, immense throngs,
belonging to almost every denomination, assembled

to listen to a man whose sincerity of motive was
beyond suspicion, and whose whole demeanor and
action seemed a vivid embodiment of the noblest
CUn-istian manhood. When he was invited by the
Bajitist Union to accept the highest honor which
bis brethriMi have it in their power to bestow, he
willingly, but with characteristic modi:sty, accepted
the position. Ho lilled the chair in 1807, the year
preceding his retirement from the jiastorate, and at
the autumnal meeting at Cardiff, his unwritten ad-
dress on the work of the ministry produced a sin-
gularly ]jowerful impression. When he retired
from the ])nlpit at John Street in the following
year, his text at both services was Gal. vi. 14: "God
forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our
Lord Jesus Christ," and he uttered scarcely a word
of personal reference during the whole day. It is
a remarkable fact that until the time of his depart-
ure drew near, he was never known to have a
day's illness in his life. Dr. 'I'yi'g. "> '''« " Recol-
lections of Englarnl," published in 1.^47, described
Mr. Noel as " certainly a most interesting and de-
lightful preacher; altogether extemporanenus ;
mild and (jersuasive in his maimer, yet sufliciently
impressive and sometimes powerful, having a very
clear and consistent How of thought." In adilition
to a variety of occasional sermons, and sermons on
special occasions, Mr. Noel published numerous
works of greater or less celebrity. Besides bis
well-known book on Church ami State, and the
volumes on Baptism, he j)ublished " Sermons on
the First Five Centuries of the Church," 1839;
"Sermons to the Unconverted," 1840; "Sermons
at St. James's," i842 ; "Sermons at the Chapels
Koyal," 1842 and 1S48 ; " Case of the Free Church
of Scotland," 1844; " Notes of a 'four in Switzer-
land in 1847 ;" " Letters on the Church of Rome,"
1N.V2, etc. Among pamphlets which excited con-
siderable attention, his letter to the bishop of
London on the sjjiritual destitution of the metrop-
olis was particularly efVcctive for good. Also his
publications on the Jamaica Massacres ; on the
" Duty of Englishmen towards the Hindoos," and
on "American Freedom ami Slavery," during the
civil war in this country, were widely read. He
died Sunday afternoon, Jan. 19, 1873, in his sev-
enty-fifth year. His amiable spirit, exemplary
character, fidelity to conviction, and complete and
life-long consecration to the work of the Lord, are
a precious possession to the whole chur-h, and par-
ticularly to tlio Baptist body, with wdiich, con-
strained by conscience, he s|ient liis matnrer years.
Noel, Silas Mercer, D.D., son of Rev. Theo-
doric Noel, was jjoru near Richmond, Va., Aug.
13, 1783. lie received a classical education, after
which he studied law, and entered on the prac-
tice of his profession at Frankfort, Ky. After a
prosperous career of a few years, he abandoned the

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NOFFSINGER

853

NORTH CAROLINA

law for the gospel ministry, and was ordained
pastor of the Bif; Spring Baptist oluircli in Wood-
ford County. A few years later lie was appointed
Judge of the Cinniit Court alioiit the year 1817,
whieh position he filled several years, when he re-
signed and resumed the aetive duties of the min-
istry. IIi^ traveled and preached extensively, and,
during a number of years, his success was so great
that it was said "' he baptized more people than any
other preacher in Kentucky." In 1827 he became
pastor of Great Crossing church in Scott County,
and during the following year baptized into its fel-
lowship 359 persons. lie was an author of more
than ordinary ability, and he wrote extensively for
the ]i(!riodicals of his time. He was the publisher
of a Baptist monthly in 1813, whieh, however, was
suspended for want of patronage. In 183(3 he was
called to the pastorate of the First Baptist church
in Lexington. His death occurred May 5,. 1839.

NofFsinger, Rev. M. V., pastor at Macon, Miss.,
was born in \'irginiii, and educated at Union Uni-
versity, Murfreesborough, Tenn. He professed faith
at the age of sixteen, and was ordained in 1802.
lie has labored successfully as pastor at Marion,
Va., four years ; Joneshorough, Tenn., four years :
Morristown, Tenn., four years; agent of Union
University, one year, adding S25,000 to the endow-
ment. He has been some time in his (iresent pas-
torate. He has been successful a» a church builder,
and in removing debts from cluu-ches. He is about
forty years of age.

Norris, S. M., an active Sunday-school laborer
at Kingston, La., was born in South Carolina in
1813. He came to Louisiana in 1853. Has accom-
plished groat good as colporteur and Sunday-school
agent.

Norsworthy, Rev. Galbanum, M.D., a lead-
ing minister of Liberty Association, Arkansas, was
born in North (!arolina in 1815; removed to Ar-
kansas in 1848, ajid engaged successfully in the
practice of medicine ; began to preach in 1868, and
has done much to supply the destitution about him ;
is an able |ireachor and forcible writer.

North Carolina, The Baptists of. —

TIIEIH ORIGIN.

Moore, in his " History of North Carolina," says,
" Sir William Berkeley, governor of Virginia, drove
outof that colony, in lt)53, the Baptists and Quakers,
who found a refuge in the Albemarle region of Car-
olina.'' Morgan Edwards says there were JSapti.sta
in North Caroliini as early as iO'Jo, and Dr. Hawks,
in enumerating the freeholders in several eastern
counties of North Carolina, mentions the names of
many Bajitists, and among them two i)reachers, —
I'aul I'almer ami AVilliam Burgess. The lirst
church, however, of which we read was not organ-
ized till 1727, — some authorities say 172'J, — in the

county of Camden, by Paul Palmer, and was called
Sliiloh. This church still exists. Palmer was a
native of Welsh Tract, Del.

In 1729 the Mehorrin church, which still exists,
and is located near Murfreesliorough, N. C, was
constituted by Joseph Parker, who was ordained
by Paul I'almer, of Camden County. In 175() the
IMcherrin church gave letters for tlie fornuition ul'
the Sandy Run church, in Bertie (bounty, and from
these tliree original churches Bafitist principles
were gradually but slowly disseminated through
the eastern part of the State.

In 1742, Elder AVilliam Sojourner came with a
colony from Berkeley Co., Va., and settled on Ke-
hukee' Creek, in Halifax County. In 1752 the
church they founded had multiplied into sixteen
churches.

It would seem from what Benedict says that the
Baptists of both these settlements were Arminian,
or Pree-Will, for some time, and were accustomed
to baptize, certainly in some cases, without requir-
ing regeneration. In 1775, Miller and Vanhorn
were sent down by the Pliihidel[)liia Association to
look after these irregular Baptists, and with the
blessing of God were enabled to effect a great ref-
ormation among them. They adopted the London
Confession of Faith, published in 1689, and in 1765
formed the Kehukee Association.

The reformation of doctrine alluded to above
must have been but partial, however, as we find a
resolutiim adopted at a large meeting held at the
Falls of Tar Uiver in 1775, described at length by
Burkett and Head in their "History of the Kehu-
kee Afsociation," in which non-fellowship was de-
clared with those churches whose members were
not converted he/are baptism. Gradually the
churches came to the old landmarks of Baptist
faith and were united, though for a long time
Joseph Parker and the Jleherriii cliurch did not
come into the union.

The third, and by far the most prosperous, colony
of Baptists who settled in North Carolina also camo
from Berkeley Co., Va., led by KIder Shubal Stearns,
and settled on Sandy Creek, then in Guilford, now
in Randolph.

]>aniel Marshall, the brother-in-law of Mr.
Stearns, before a Congregationalist, became a
Baptist, and was very successful as an evangelist.
The Sandy Creek was a most fruitful mother of
churches, though originally composed of but 16
members. In seventeen years it had organized 42
churches, had ordained 115 ministers, and gath-
ered a membership of 6()U communicants.

The first Association fcirmed in this State was the
Sandy Creek, in 1758. In 1792 the Arminian Bap-
tists of the eastern part of the State united with the
Calvinistic Baptists of this Association, and thus
the denomination became united, to remain so till

, . .. 111.-. I. ;

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NORTH CAROLINA

854

NORTH CAROLINA

1827, when the Kehnkee and Country Lirte Asso-
ciations left the Olil-Sehool Missionary Biiptists
ami Ijeoanie a new sect of Anti-IMissionary Bap-
tists.

In Dr. G. W. Purefoy's "History of the Sandy
Creek Association," ]i\). 51-57, it is abundantly
shown that in IS'21 the Country Line Association
was a Missionary l)6dy, and in favor of Sahliath-
soimols, and tljo " History of tlio Kohukee Associ-
ation," by liiirkefct and Ucail, shows that tlnit Ijody
was coniposed of ISIissionary oliurohes lor many
years after its organization. The Portsmouth and
tiie Chowan were both daughters of the Kehukee
Association, and were in tlieir origin, as they still
are, Missionary organizations.

FORMATION OF TIIE STATE CONVENTION.

There seems to liave been no general effort to
unite the denomination till about tlie years 1814—
16, when the North Carolina Baptist Society for
Foreign and Domestic Missions was formed. Who
were the leaders in this movcmont does not appear,
but wo find that the address to tlie clnirclics was
written by the Kev. Josiah C'rudup, and tliat the
famous Robert T. Daniel was its agent. This effort
at organization having failed, another society was
fyrnied about 182(5, called the Baptist Benevolent
Society. It drew together a number of prominent
men in Greenville in 1829, and after talking the
matter over it was pretty well agreed that they
would make an ell'ort to form a State Convention
at their next meeting. In a journal of Dr. Samuel
Wait it is stated tliat Rev. Tliomas Meredith pre-
pared the constitution of the new Conventio:i be-
fore he left his home in Edenton. and that when
the Convention was formed, in the house of Dr. J.
C. Oorham, a leading Baptist of Greenville, Pitt
Co., March 20, 1S30, that constitution was sub-
stantially adopted, and that is still the constitution
of the North Carolina Baptist State Convention.
Its second article reads as I'ollows: "The primary
objects of this Convention shall be the education
of young men called of God to the ministry and
approved of by the churches to Vhich they respect-
ively belong, the eiuployment of missionaries within
the limits of the State, and a eo-oiicration with the
Bajitist General Convention of the United States in
the proniotion of missions in general."

At; tiie time of tlie adoption of this constitution
the Baptists of Nortli Carolina, including Primi-
tive, or Anti-Missionary, and Free-Will Baptists,
numbered but 14 Associations, 272 churches, and
15,3f)0 members. 'I'hey had no donomiiiatioiml
paper, and no school, male nor feinalo, under con-
trol of the denomination. Many of the Associations
scarcely raised more money at their annvial meet-
ings than was necessary to defray the (Expenses of
printing their minutes, but tlie founders of the

Convention wei-e men of large brain, unflagging
zeal, and earnest piety. They were the strongest
men of their denomination, and some of them the
peers of any moii in the State. They planned
largely, and worked zealously up to their plans.

The ollicers id' the (.'onvention were P. W. Dowd,
President; W. P. Biddle, Thomas Merc^dith, and

C. McAlister, Vico-Presidciits; K. S. lilount. Re-
cording Secretary ; and H. Austin, Treasurer.

The first Board of Directors of the Coiiventitm
consisted of Charles W. Skinner and Henry A.
Skinner, of Perquimans; Elder Thomas 1). Ma-
son, of (ireenville ; Daniel Boon, of Jidmson County ;
Elder Samuel Wait, William Sanders, and Elijidi
Clark, of Newbern ; Elder James 1). Hall, of Cur-
rituck County ; Peter 1*. Lawrence and James Ilart-
mers, of Tarborough ; James B. Outhiw, of Bertie
County ; W. B. llinton, I. Ilolliman, and Elder
John Purefoy, of Wake ; Elder Jacob Rascow, of
Edenton; Samuel Simpson, of Craven ; Elder James
McDaniel, of Cumberland ; and G. llukeby, of
Orange.

The following ministers were appointed as iigents
of the Convention, and served without pav, viz.:
P. W. Dowd, Raleigh ; Thonuis Meredith, Edenton ;
William P. Biddle, Craven County ; James McDan-
iel, Cumberland County; Jolin Armstrong, New-
bern; Reuljen Lawrence, Bertie County; Robert
T. Daniel and Eli Phillips, Moore ( 'oiinty ; James

D. Hall, Currituck County; Jolin Purefoy, Wake
County; John Culpi[jper, Montgomery County;
William Dowd, Stokes County. Samuel Wait was
appointed general agent of the Convention, at a
salary of $1.UU a day, and John Armstrong, corre-
sponding secretary.

An address, wiseand masterly in an extraordinary
degree, was prepared by the Rev. Tlionias Mere-
dith and sent forth to the churches, showing the
advantages of such an institution, answering objec-
tions, and inviting tliem to unite in the organization.
The Convention was a bond of union and a source
of develojiment, and thus proved a great blessing
to the denomination.

The Convention has three boards or Executive
Committees to attend to the four special <lepart-
ments of work, the Board of Missions, Home and
Foreign, located in Raleigh ; the Board of Educa-
tion, located at Wake Forest College; and the Sun-
day-School Board, also located in Raleigh. These
boards are coiaposed of prominent men, laymen as
well as ministers, chosen from different parts of
the State, enough, linwover, residing in the vicinity
of tlie location of the board to constitute a (|Uorum.

NORTH CAROIJNA BAPTISTS AVIlO HAVE DE-
COME DISTINGUI.SIllOl) IN OTIIKR STATES.

As in the field of politics North Carolina has
produced three Presidents of the nation, Jackson,

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NORTH CAROLINA

855

NORTH CAROLINA

Polk, and JolinsOn, each of wlioiu attained distinc-
tion ill otiier States, so in tlie roaliu of religion
it is not iiiinioilest to say that many of the wisest
and abh'St men wiio have a<loi'ned the Baptist Zion
of the Soutli liave gone forth from this State. Sihis
Mercer, of Georgia, was a preaelier in Nortli Caro-
lina for years before ho went Sontli' and his nephew,
Jesse Mereer, the leader of the Georgia Baptists and
the founder and benefactor of Mercer University,
was a native of Halifax Co., N. C The elder W.
T. Brantly and the elder IJasil Manly were born in
Oliatbaiii Co., N. C, within five miles of each other,
and entered the ministry in this .State. John
Kerr, who as an orator was pronounced by Dr.
Jeter as lirst, and no man was second, and who be-
came so celelirated in Virginia, was born in Cas-
well Co., N. 0., where he began to preaeli, aii(i ho
died in North Carolina. Dr. 11. B. C. Howell, so
long identified with Virginia and Tennessee, and
among the most distinguished Bafitist authors of
the South, was a native of Wayne Co., N. C, and
began his ministry in North Carolina. Dr. A. M.
Poiiide.xter, the prince of agents, and the most elo-
quent man the writer ever lieard, was born in Bertie
Co., N. C. And J. S. Minis, the learned professor,
and Iverson L. Brooks, the sueeessful pastor, both
of South Carolina, were born, the first in Cumber-
land County, the second in Caswell Co., N. C. All
these, with Saunders, the first president of Mercer
University, Georgia, and Emerson, of William
Jewell College, Missouri, and Solomon, of Ken-
tucky, and hundreds of other useful and honored
men among the Baptists, have gone forth from this
great Baptist State.

I'llOailE.SS OF THE BAPTISTS IN NORTH CARO-
LINA.

In 1770 there were but 9 churches in the State.
Hi 17S4 tliere were 42 churches, 47 ministers, 3776
members. In IS 12 there were 204 churches, 117
ministers, and 12,567 members. In 1832 there
were 332 cliurchcs, 211 ministers, and 18,918
members. In 1851 there were 599 churches, 374
ministers, and 41,674 members. In 1860 there
were 692 churches, 374 ministers, and 59,778
members, in 1876 there were 1442 churches, 793
ministers, and 137,000 members. Their statistics
as rejiorted for 1880 foot up 77 Associations, 1905
ciiurclies, and 172,951 members.

These figures place North Carolina third among
the States as regards Baptist strength. Georgia is
first, Virginia second, and North Candina third.

North Carolina, The Biblical Recorder of.—
No single agency has dune so much to unite and
develop the Baptists of North Carolina as the lUbli-
cal Recorder, which for forty-six years has been
their State organ. In 1833, llev. Thomas .Meredith,
then pastor in Edenton, issued The Baptisl Liter-

preter, a monthly publication, in pamphlet form,
with a list of less than n hundred subscribers. In
about two years there was a call for a weekly paper,
and in January, 1834, The Biblical Recorder was
originated by the same man, beginning with nearly
1000 subscribers. 'I'he paper was removed to Ntw-
bern in 1834, and to lialeigh in 1838, where it is
now issued. About this time the Reeurdcr and
Himthtrii Watchman, of Cliarleston, S. C, were
united, ami, until 1842, it was published under the
sty\i: u( The Recorder and Watchman. In 1842 the
Recorder was suspended for six months, being su-
perseded by a monthly pteriodical entitled The
Southern Christian Reposilori/. After six months,
however, the publication of the Recorder was re-
sumed, and it continued under the iiiauagement of
Mr. Meredith till his death, in 1851. For two or
three years it was edited by llev. T. A\'. Toby,
D.D., pastor of the Raleigh church, and was still
the property of Mrs. Meredith. In 1854 the paper
was purchased hy a joint-stock company, and Rev.
J. J. James, one of the proprietors, became editor.
Two years afterwards Mr. James bought out his
partners, and associated Rev. J. S. ^Valthal with
himself as editor, and they continued these rela-
tions until 1861, when Rev. J. l.». llufham, D.D.,
bought the journal, and edited it throughout the
war. In April, 1865, by reason of a want of postal
facilities, the Recorder was again sus|iended for a
time, but its publication was resumed in the fall
of the same year.

In 1867, Dr. Ilnfham sold the paper to Dr.
Walters and Mr. J. H. Mills, who were its joint
editors for a time. iMr. Mills, however, became sole
[jroin-ietor in a few moiuhs, and continued to con-
duct the paper till 1873, when the Recorder passed
into the hands of I'rof. A. F. Redd, who, after two
years' experience as editor, sold it to Rev. C. T.
Bailey, who still owns it, in connection with C. B.
Edwards and N. B. Broughton. Dr. J. D. Hufhaia
was associate editor with Mr. Bailey lor more than
a year after he took charge of the Recorder. Dr.
T. II. Pritchard was also employed on llie editorial
staff for two years, and the Rev. Ilarvey Hatcher
is now the associate editor.

The Recorder -has a subscription-list of about
45(10, and is-regarded not only as a means of emi-
nent usefulness, but a good property, yielding a
handsome income to the proprietors.

North Carolina, The Colored Baptists of. —

There are probably 80, 000 colored Baptists in North
Carolina in regular Baptist churches. A consider-
able number also are to be found in Methodist
cburi'.hes who have been immersed, and who do not
believe in or practise infant baptism. Up to the
close of the war the eolori;d people in most eases
were iiKMiibers of the same churches with the whites,
having a portion of the meeting-houses set apart

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NORTH CAROLINA

856

NORTHRUP

for their use, though in a few instances they liad
ilisliiict organizations and tlieir own pastors. As
was naturally to be expected, they witlidrew from
their wliite ))rethren after their liberation, though
not in all eases, for the eolored members of the
First Baptist church of Raleigh did not retire till
nearly four years after the war closed:

.Since the war they have grown rapidly, ai\<l
have now ISO Associations, with aliout IM churches,
and a membership of 80,000, and with prolialjly
3O,U0O teachers and scholars in tlieir Sunday-
schools.

CONVENTION.

Their State Convention was organized at Oolds-
borough, N. 0., Oct. 17, 1867, and they were aided
on this occasion by a committee appointed by the
Convention of tlieir white brethren, consisting of
Revs. J. S. Purefoy, \V. M. Young, A. D. Cohen,
and C. J. Nelson. Rev. William Warwick was
chosen President, and L. W. Roonc, Secretary.
The objects of their Convention arc the promotion
of missions, ministerial education, and Sunday-
schools. This Convention met in Newbern in Oc-
tober, 1879, and its officers are Rev. (Jajsar JoIib-
son. President; Rev. II. A. Powell, Vice-President ;
]'-). E. Smitli, Secretary ; Rev. John Curly, Corre-
sponding Secretary; Rev. A. B. Williams, Treas-
urer; Rev. G. W. Perry, .Vuditor.

They also have a Sunday-school Convention,
which meets annually, the last session having been
held in September, 1879, in Goldsborough. They
have a church organ, called the African Expositor,
which is issued nionthly.

Their corresponding secretaiy travels as an
agent, collecting money, and doing missionary
work also.

As early as 180S the Convention voted that a
chair of theology should be established for the
training of their ministers, and the Rev. II. M.
Tupper, of the Shaw University, was chosen to lill
this chair.

In addition to the Shaw University they have
tliree acadejuics, — one at Plymouth, one at Garys-
burg, and one at Goldsborough ; the first two are
paid for and the other nearly so.

North Carolina, Western Convention of.—

In IT-S'.t the Fntnch liroii.d Haptist chui'th was or-
ganized in that jiart of North Carolina known as
west of the Blue Ridge. Hig Ivy church also
claims to have been constituted about the saiue
time. The first .Vssociation organized in the west
was the French IJroad, in 1S07, and was formed by
the union oi six churches, — Little Ivy, Locust's
Old Fields, Nev.' Found, Canoy River, French
Broad, and Cane Creek. The first three were dis-
missisd from the Ilolston Association of Tennessee ;
the other three from Hroad River, in South ('aro-
lina. Ita ordained ministers wore Thomas Snclson,

Thomas Justice, Sim BIythe, Benjamin King, Ilum-
plnvty Posey, and Stephen Slorgan.

Other churches and Associations having orig-
inated in this part of the State, the Western Bap-
tist Convention was organized in 184o as an aux-
iliary of the State Convention. In 1857 it became
an independent body. At lirst its territory ex-
tended as far cast as the Yadkin, but since the late
war it has conlined its labors principally to the
fourteen counties west of the Blue Ridge. This
territory contains 9 Associations, representing
about 20,000 Baptists. The Convention has three
boards, — a Sunday-school Ijoard, located at Ashe-
villo ; a Mission board, located at Waynesville ; and
iui Kducation board, whose headquarters are at
llendersonville. In 1853 the Carolina Baptist, a
weekly newspaper, was started at llendersonville,
with Rev. James BIythe as editor. It suspended
in 1856, but resumed publiciition in 1857. Soon
afterwards it was succeeded by the liaplist Telescope,
W. A. G. Bunn editor, but this paper lived only a
few years. Rev. N. Bowcn (n-iginated the Cottage
Visitor, which continued until 1871. The Baptist
Gleaner, edited by Rev. John Ammons, a[ipoared
in Asheville in 1877, but lived only a year. The
Baptist Telescope has been revived, and ia edited
by Rev. N. Bowen.

The Baptists sought to establish a college at
Mars Hill, in Madison County, before the war, but
the prevalence of hostilities caused the enterprise
to be abandoned, and it has not since been revived.
A school at Holly Springs, in Macon County, has
Ijeen under the patronage of the diuiomination lor
several years.

In 1858 it was determined to Imild a Baptist
female college at llendersonville. Rev. N. Bowen,
as agent, pushed the work, until stopped by the
war. A granite building, three stories high, nearly
complete, owned at present by a joint-stock com-
pany, but controlled ))y the Baptists, is the result
of this ell'ort. This institution, known as the Jud-
son College, bas a patronage of a hundred students
of both sexes, and is presided over by Rev. W. A.
Nelson, D.D., aided by a competent corps of teach-
ers. The present officers of the Convention are:
President, Rev. N. Bowen ; Vice-Presidents, Rev.
S. .M. Collis, Rev. John .Vnimons ; Secretary, Co-
lumlius M. AVilliams : Treasurer, John L. Pleas-
ants; Historian, Rev. D. B. Nelson.

Northnip, G. W., D.D., LL.D., the able and
distinguished president of the theological sem-
ina.-y at (>hicago, was born at Antwerp, Jefferson
Co., N. Y., Oct. 15, 18-26. From his earliest child-
hoo<l he was under strong religious inlluences, his
father being a man of singularly devout character
and life. Though <i(Uiverteil, as ho believes, at the
age of twidve, it was at the age of sixteen that he
received baptism, at the hands of Rev. Wilbur 'fil-

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NOIlTHliUP

85

NORTON

linghast, becoming a nieiiiliei- of tliii Biipli.si cliui'cli
ill Ilia native town. Tlie seliuol advantages in Ant-
werp were of an inferiui' cliaractor. His soliolai-ly
tenilenoies, however, very early .sliowed lliemselves,

G. \V. KOIlTliltLl", IJ.ll., LL.D.

and lie began the study of Latin, witli such imper-
fect helps as hi: conld secure, while but a boy. At
the age of eighteen he left home, with a view to
makfe a career for himself, though as yet with no
distinct purpose as to the line of life he should
choose. Some years were spent in teaching at
Trenton, near Utica, and at Granville and Hartford,
Washington Co. When at about the age of twenty-
one a visit to relatives living in Watertown, N. Y.,
was the means of deciding him to enter upon a
regular course of study. lie had already, in con-
nection with his teaching, but mainly through pri-
vate study, bi;come so much a prollcicnt in math-
ematics that he had in that department passed over
most of the ground id" a college course. In Latin
he had done something j in Greek he had not made
even a beginning. Setting himself resolutely to
private study, ]iartly uniler the tuition of A. C.
Beaeh, Esq., since lieutenant-governor of the State
of New York, he made such progress that in a year
and a half he was prepared to enter the last term
of the Sophomore year at Williams College in
iMassachusetts. At his graduation, in 1S54, he
took the metaphysical oration, perhaps the highest
of the college honors at Williams. Entering the
theological seiiiiiiary at Koclic;stcr, he graduated
there in 1857.

Immediately upon the conclusion of his tlieo-
55

logical course he was appointed instructor in
church history in the seminary at Rochester, and
at the end of the year full professor in that depart-
ment. The ten years of service, until his call to
Chicago in 18G7, made their lasting impression in
the seminary and upon the numerous young men
who came under his liiilion. lielter work in
church history has probably never been done in
any theological seminary in this country. J>uring
this period, besides, Dr. Northrop won distinction
as a jjreacher. For one year and a hall' he supplied
the pulpit of the First church in lluchester, I(')."j
being in that time added to the church by baptism.
In 1807 he \v'as called to the jiresideiiey and the
chair of Theology in the seminary about to be
organized at Chicago. Marked as had been his
adaptation to the form of work assigned him at
llochester, for this at Chicago he was perhaps still
better suited. While yet a youth he had become
an enthusiastic student of metaphysics, i'revious
to entering college he had read " llational Psychol-
ogy" (not an easy book to master) through no less
than live times, and knew pages of it by heart.
This intellectual learning and capacity nualilied
him iti an especial manner for a ■mastery of sys-
tematic theology ; and his classes at Chicago en-
thusiastically testify to the grasp ho has, and in
their measure enables them to take, of the whole
subject of Christian doctrine in its classification
and ill its verification. Although he has not as
yet become known as an author, his lectures, alike
in church history and in theology, have been made
so complete and so full that, if they could bo given
to the world, they would rank with the most valueil
of the many books in these lines of tlieologica\
study. As a preacher and lecturer Dr. Northrup
renders eminent service, alike to the denomination
and to the general cause of truth, in those depart-
ments of it which it is the fashion of these timea
especially to assail, — more particularly what con-
cerns the relations of science and philosophy with
the doctrines of the Christian faith.

Norton, Charles C, D.D., was born in Wash-
ington, Conn. He was brought up in the Protest-
ant Episcopal Church. After his conversion his
convictions of duty led him to unite with a Baptist
church, and ho was baptized into the fellowship of
the church in Carmel, Putnam Co., N..Y. Soon
after his connection with the church he was licensed
to preach, and entered the University of New
York, and afterwards the University of Rochester,
from which he was graduated, lie then entered
the theological seminary there, and was graduated
iu 1864. In 185.5 he accepted a call from the Sixth
Street Baptist church in New York, where he was
ordained and commeneed his ministerial work.
His connection with that church continued nine
years, during which a pressing church debt was

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■ _.j .::■ . .: ; I.; I, •; -., ■ i

NORTON

858

NOTT

removed, and about 400 converts were added to it
by baptism. For the past seventeen years he lias
been tlie successful pastor of the Central Piirk
Baptist church of New York. IIo is a fine scliolar
and an able preacher. The honorary doiiree of
D.D. was conferred on him by Shurtlcll' College.
During his ministry lie lias baptizoti 704.

Norton, Judge E. H,, was bom in Logan Co.,
Ky., Nov. 21, 1821. lie entered Centre College, at

JUDGE E. ir. NORTON.

Danville, at seventeen years of age. In 1842 he
graduated from the law department of Transyl-
vania University, and located in Platte City, Mo.,
and rapidly built up a legal practice. In 1852 he
was elected circuit judge over a district of seven
counties. lie was re-elected in 1857 without Ojipo-
sition, and served until sent to Congress, in 1801.
At this time he was elected to the State convention
to consider the relations of Missouri to the general
government. In that body he opposed the ordi-
. nance of secession. In 1875 he was elected a mem-
ber of the convention which framed the present
constitution of Missouri, and was chairman of the
committee on representative districts. In 1870 he
was appointed to the Supreme bench by Gov. Har-
din to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of
Judge II. M. Varis. He united with the Baptist
Church, in Kentucky, when fourteen years of age.
In 1853 he aided to organize a Baptist church in
Platte City. He is a trustee of William Jewell
College, and takes an interest in his denomination
in the .State. lie is an upright and talented judge.
Nott, Eev. Abner Kingman, son of Bev. Hau-

del G. and Lydia C. Nott, was born at Nashua,
N. II., March 22, 1834, being the fourth son in a
family of fifteen children. His early preparation
for college was carried on yiartly under the tuition
of Mr. J. H. Hanson, principal of the Watorville,
Me., Aea<lemy, and partly under the instruction of
his father. While thus engageil in study his con-
version took place, iu January, 184',l. His latrr
])reiiaration fur college was made at the Connecticut
Literary Institution at Sultield, where he spent a
little over one year. The question of his future
vocation was settled when he entered Kochester
University, in the fall of 1851. He was graduated
in the class of 1855. Two years were devoted to
theological study in the seminary at Bochester.
His life both in college and in the seminary was
one of constant arid unceasing activity, for he was
largely dejiendent on his own etfcu-ts to secure the
funds needed for the payment of his bills. He
preached, taught, and lectured, and thus acquired
a remarkable facility as a public speaker. He
preached the first time for the First Baptist church,
New York, in the fall of 185G, and Dec. 29, 1856,
was unanimously called to the pastorate of the
church as the successor of llev. Dr. Spencer II.
Cone. This call he accepted, and a few weeks after
his graduation, in July, 1857, was ordained. With
the most brilliant |)rospects before him, and in the
midst of a career of usefulness such as few young
ministers arc permitted to see, he was suddenly

REV. ABNER KINOMAN .NOTT.

called to his reward while bathing near Perth Am-
boy, N. J., July 8, 1859. His goodness, intellect-

( II

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NOTT

859

NOVA SCOTIA

ual powers, and eloquonco gave him immonse pop-
ularity in New York City, nnd nuiJo his deutii a
piihlii; oalainity.

Nott, Rev. Richard M., died at Wakefield,
Mass., Dee. 21, 1880, after several montlis of suf-
fering from e.xtrenie nervous prostration, lie was
born in Nashua, N. 11., in March, 18.31, where his
father, llov. Handel 0. Nott, was then a prominent
Congrej;ational laini.ster, settled over the leading
ciuirch in that rapidly-growing plaeo, from which
situation he retired a few years later upon becoming
a Baptist, in which character his first settlement
was over the Federal Street, now Clarendon Street,
Itaptist church, Boston. At the age of eleven
years Richard was converted, and soon after bap-
tized by liis father, lie graduated at Waterville
College wlien about nineteen years old. During
the next five years he taught schocd in Red Creek,
N. Y., three years, and Calais, Me., two years.
'I'hen he entered the theological seminary at Roch-
ester, where he graduated in 1859, and entered
immediately u))on the pastorate of the First Bap-
tist church in Rochester, N. Y.. to which ho had
been called several months before his graduation.
In this important position he continued six years.
During this time he wrote the exceedingly inter-
esting memoir of his younger brothei', A. Kingman
Nott, who suddenly closed in death a most brilliant
earthly career in July, 1859, while pastor of tlie
First Baptist church in New York City. At length
liis health failed, and his ap|)rociating people sent
liim abroad for recuperation, but he never regained
the physical vigor then lost. After liis return from
his foreign tour, having resigned at Rochester, he
labored three years at Atlanta, Oa., where he was
successful in gathering what is now the Second
Baptist church in that city. Next he was pastor
of the church in Aurora, III., three years. In
1872 he was called to the yiastoral charge of the
church in Wakefield, Mass., which he accepted and
held about two years, when he resigned ; but he
continued to reside there until his death, supplying
most of the time since his resignation the church
in Brookville, formerly South Randolph, where his
labors were highly valued, and a good work was
done by him. In the summer of 1880 his health
so failed that he was obliged to abandon his sup-
ply at Brookville, and also his valuable work in
the Sunday-school department of The Watchman,
the "Lesson Helps," which were very satisfac-
torily prepared Ijy him. Aftiu- this he gradu-
ally declined, till his earthly end was reached at
the age of nearly fifty years. He was a superior
scholar and a clear thinker. His early promise was
uncommon. Few men were his equals in critical
scholarship and logical ncumen. He would have
graced a position as a professor or president of a
college or a theological institution. In the Boston

Ministers' Meeting, which ho constantly attended,
he was justly esteemed as a most serviceable mem-
ber. Probably there was no place during the last
five or six years of his life in which he appeared to
better advantage than there. His utterances were
real contributions, the great worth of which was
readily conceded by all his brethren, among whom
ho is greatly missed.

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Ed-
ward Island, and Newfoundland, Historical
Sketch of the Baptists in, — From the cession of
Acadia, — Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were
originally included under this designation, — by
France to Great Britain, in 1713 till 1776, when
Henry AUine, the celebrated New Light preacher,
entered on his fervid, trumpet-toned, evangelistic
ministry, a dead formalism in religion almost uni-
versally prevailed in these jirovinces, with only
here and there a faint glimmer of evangelical doc-
trine and S[)iritual experience.

But amid this moral desolation three or four
Baptist ministers appeared almost simultaneously
in Acadia, — Rev. John Sutton, with a company of
emigrants from New Jersey, settled at Newport,
Nova Scotia, in 1760, and there preached and bap-
tized converts, and Daniel Diniock also. Rev.
James Sutton, brother of John, was also at New-
port. Rev. Ebenezer Jloulton, of South Brimfield,
Mass., came with the first settlers to Yarmouth,
Nova Scotia, in 1701, and preached among them,
and baptized a Mrs. Burgess, and probably other
converts ; and his preaching subsequently in Hor-
ton. Nova Scotia, was attended with great success.
Rev. Nathan Mason, with a number of Baptists in
church order, emigrated from South Swanzey,
Mass., and settled at Sackville, New Brunswick,
in 17C3. No church, however, appears to have
been formed here by either of them, and in a few
years they returned to their own country.

In 1776, Henry AUine came forth from obscurity
like John the Baptist to prepare the way of the
Lord ; many were converted under his ministry,
and churches, c(UMposi.'d of Baptists and I'edobap-
tists, were formed. The time, however, soon came
for a distinct Baptist movement.

The pioneer Baptist church of the Maritime
Provinces was formed of ten members, at llorton,
Nova Scotia, Oct. 29, 1778. Rev. Nicholas Pier-
son, one of their number, was ordained as their
pastor Nov. 5, 1778. The Second Baptist church
in the provinces was formed at Halifax, Nova
Scotia, in 1705, Rev. John Burton being pastor.
The Third church was organized at Newport, Nova
Scotia, in August, 1799; and the Fourth Baptist
church was organized at Sackville, New Brun.s-
wick, in October, 1799, Rev, .Joseph Crandall being
ordained their jtastor. Six others must have been
formed previous to 1800.

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NOVA SCOTIA

860

NOVA SCOTIA

The Nciva Scotia and New Brunswick Baptist As-
sociation, tlie first in tlieso pruvinces, was foi-iiied
at Lower Uraiiville, Nova Scotia, Juno 23, 1800,
and comprised ten cliurclies, — Upper Granville,
Lower Granville, I'igLiy, IHghy Neck, Yarnioutli,
(Jurnwallis, Ilui'ton, Newport, Chester, and Sack-
viile. Mixed communion wy.s allTjwt'd for a time
in some of tlieso cliurehes, but was soon discon-
tinued.

The ministers who united in formin;^ this Asso-
ciation were 'i'homas ILuuiley t!hipmaii, James
3Iannin<^, Enoch Towner, Harris llardinj;, Edward
Manning;, Theodore Seth Harding, Joseph Dimuck,
and Jose|di Crandall.

These churclies, located tluis widely apart in the
two provinces, were true Baptist Christian centres,
whence spiritual knowledge and influence were dif-
fused through the surrounding communities ; and
tile liiinisters were true watchmen and evangelists,
who liore aljroad the torcli of divine truth and the
message of tlie gospel to guide tho perishing to
Christ.

The Baptist denomination, wliose origin in these
provinces lias now been brieily traced, is a largo
and influential body ; and tlie movements and
events which will now be mentioned will indicate
its progress, and also tho means of its further ex-
pansion.

Organized home missionary efforts were ori-
ginated at tlie meeting of the Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick Association in 1815, and wore immedi-
ately followed by tho most encouraging success, and
home mission work has ever since been carried
on in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick with great
spiritual results.

The Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Associa-
tion, composed of ol churches, with 1827 members,
and 22 rdinisters, was divided into two in 1821, the
churches in Nova Scotia forming one Association,
and those in New Brunswick I'orming the other.
As in 1810 the membership of the Association was
924, tho above figures show that it was nearly
doubled in eleven years.

In 1825, Rev. Dr. Tnppcr, from Nova Scotia, and
Rev. Josepli Crandall, from New Brunswick, evan-
gelized on I'rinco Edward Island, and were tlie first
associated Bajitist ministers to labor in that gem
of the St. Lawrence, tliough Rev. A. Crawford, a
Sijotch I5aptist, hud successfully commenced opera-
tions there as early as 1811.

In 1825, 182(1, and 1838, Rev. Joseph Dimock
evangelized for several months in Cape Breton, and
witii the liappicst results. Now our homo liiis-
sionary enterprise is one of tho most interesting
and important of tlio denomination, and the tiidd is
as largo as the three provinces and Newfoundland.

Tho use of the press for dcnoiiiinatiunal and
Christian purposes indicates life and [irogrcss.

The Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Baptist
Magazine was commenced in St. John, Now BruiiS'
wick, in 1827, and continued to be the organ of the
denomination in the provinces till 18lj0, when the
Christian Mcsseni/er, |iublishcd weekly at Halifax,
Nova Scotia, took its |ilace.

hi 1847 the Christian i'isilur was issued at St.
J(jhn, New Brunswick, as tho organ of the detioiui-
nation in that province. Both these papers con-
tinue as Baptist organs, and have been very influ-
ential in promoting denominational interests.

Education. — The Baptist Association at Horton
in 1828 adopted measures (or establishing an insti-
tution of learning for our youth, and especially
with a view to the proper training of young men
called of God to the gospel ministry ; and as a re-
sult Ilorton Academy was opened in May, 1829,
with more than 40 |iupils, under charge of Rev.
Asahel Cliapin as priiici|]al.

In 1833 the New Brunswick Baptist Association
originated a similar movement ; and as a result the-
Baptist Seminary at Fredericton was opened in.
January, 1836, with Rev. E. W. iMilcs as principal.

In the autumn of 1838 circumstances in Nij\a
Scotia impelled the Baptists to make a further ad-
vance in the work of higher education ; and Acadia
College sprung from the resolve then taken, and was
opened 'in January, 1839, with Rev. E. A. Craw-
ley and Rev. John I'ryor as professors, to which
Prof. Isaac Chipman was adilcd a year later, and
continued his valuable services until he was drowned
in the basin of the Minus, in. June, 1852. Notwith-
standing opposition, difliculties, and loss, Acadia
College has grown and attiiined a leading .position
among the colleges of these provinces. It has now
an endowment of $84,112.46, with other sources of
income, and six ]n-olcssors, with Uov. Dr. Sawyer
as president. Though the college building at
Wolfvillo was destroy ud by lire in December, 1877,
a new odiMce soon adorned College Hill, flanked on
the east by Acadia Seminary, a high school for
young ladies, and by Ilorton Collegiate Academy
on the west. The Baptists of New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island have an eipial share with
those of Nova Scotia in the ownership and govern-
ment of those institutions.

Foreign Missions. — The organized movement to
send out missionaries to the heathen world cum-
in snced, like that for homo missions in 1815, at
Chester in 1838, and in this action the New Bruns-
wick Baptist Association cordially concurred, and
Rev. R. E. Burpe, of the latter province, was ac-
cordingly sent out to Burmah in 1845 by the Bap-
tistsof thesoprovinces, — their first missionary to the
heathen. Tho denomination has now four missimi^
established among the Teloogoos, . with native
]iroacliers and assistants, under the direction of the
missionaries.

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Kor.i so on A

861

NOVATIAXS

The New Brunswick Baptist Association, com-
prising 50 cluirclies, witli 4811(3 meinliors, and 29
ministers, was divided in 1847 into two Assucia-
tioiis, — the Eastern and Western. The ligiues in-
dicate an increase of over irinefuld in tlio niembcr-
shi|i of that liudy in twenty-five years.

The Nova Scotia Baptist Association, comprising
72 chundies, with 8'J07 members, and 54 ministers,
was also divided in 1850 into three Associations, —
llie Western, (!entral, and Kastei-n.

In .hily, ISliS, the Prince Edward Island Baptist
'■■i-!(iciation was organized, with 13 churches, con-
ning a memhership of 600, dismissed for the jnir-
piise from the Nova Scotia Eastern Association,
and the memhership of the denomination in that
island is l(i22, or nearly three times what it was
twelve years ago.

Union. — The leaders of the Baptist denomina-
tion in thesis [irovinees provided for ihe union of
all the cinirches and Associations in denominational
work, and through their wise forethought the Bap-
tist Convention of Nova Scotia, New Unmswick,
and Prince Edward Island was organized in the
city of St. John, New Brunswick, in September,
1840. 'I'his Convention is now the most inlluential
of the Baptist organizations in the Maritime Prov-
inces. To its direction ami management are com-
mitted the great public benevolent enterprises of
the denomination, — home missions, education, and
foreign missions, — and the greatest care is exer-
cised to conduct matters wisely and efficiently, and
yet not to 'intrench on great denominational prin-
ciples.

Revivals of a genuine type have all along been
-a vast means of growtli, and they are still needed to
promote healthful enlargement. Our churches and
■tienomination should aspire wisely and well to re-
alize tiie highest ideal of Christian life, activity, and
progress.

KtwfdnndUmd. — There are a few Baptists on
this great island, but no ]5a|ilist church or minister.
Revs. J. B. McDonald, M.D,, and George Arm-
strong, si>ent a few weeks in missionary work there
in 1875, and Rev. George Armstrong evangelized
for nine weeks in 1879.

The following figures show the numerical pro-
gress of the Baptist denomination in the Maritime
Provinces for thi! past eighty years :

Year.

Churchea.

QliiilBtorB.

Members.

18W)

IKIU

10
14
29
70
115

2U0
257
:iOC

8

9

19

40

U4

1:1!)
115
l'J5

*000
924

1820

1 7k5

18.10

4,r,a:l
9,041

1840

1S,50

i:i,77;t

21,579

1870

27.4(:o

188U

3(1,700

* About.

Novatians, The, — Novatian, the distinguished
foiinder of the community that Lore his name, is
known among Greek ecclesiastical writers as No-
vatus. lie was not Novatus of Carthage, a [ires-
byter of that city, who sorely vexed the ini|icriou8
soul of Cyprian, and who came to Home and united
with Novatian in cll'orts to maintain gospcd jiurity
in the churches.

Novatian, before he professed conversion, was a
philoso]ihcr of remarkable ability, culture, elo-
i(uenee, and powers of persuasion ; he was a nat-
ural leader of men. When attacked by a danger-
ous disease, from which death was apprehended,
in accordance with the (jpinion then commonly
hcKl by C!hristians, it was jmlged that lie should
be baptized to nuike heaven certain, and, as his
weakness rendered immersion ini|)Ossible without
risking his immediate d(tath, he was subjected, on
his couch, to a profuse aiiplication of water. We
are not informed that Novatian desired this cere-
mony himself, without any persuasions from his
alarmed friends. The writer was once sent for to
see a dying lady, and, after praying with her, was
earnestly pressed by a follower of Irish Romanism,
the perverted faith of St. Patrick the JJaptist, " to
recjinet-ate her;" ho declined to exercise the powers
of the Spirit of God and the functions of a Pedo-
baptist minister ; had he yielded, the lady was in a
condition in which she could not be held responsi-
ble for the act. And it is not improbable that this
was the situation of Novatian. He was spared by
the providence of God for a mighty work in the
churches, and when restored to health he became
veiy active in advancing the interests of Christian-
ity in Rome. '

At that period the church, in the capital of the
world, as Eusebius records, had 40 presbyters, 14
deacons and subdeacons, 5(J minor ecclesiastical
officials, and widows and sick and indigent per-
sons, numbering in all 1500, whose support had to
be provided for. And partly to assist in bearing
this burden, but chielly through alack of faith and
of complete consecration to God, the door of the
churcli was kept very wide for the admission of
unconverted professors, and when these person.s
betrayed the Saviour by sacrificing to idols in
times of |iersecution, their conduct was excused
by their lax brethren ; and the excommunication,
necessarily pronounced upon them immediately
after their aposta.sy, was speedily removed.

Cornelius, a Roman presbyter, with an eager eye
to the support to be gathered from restored apos-
tates, strongly advocated their forgiveness by the
church. Novatian very strenuously resisted it;
and when a successor to Bishop Fabianus was to
be elected, Cornelius was jn-operly made a prede-
cessor of a long line of coming ])Opes, who loved
gold more than anything in the Christian religion.

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•113

1 . 1,1

NOV ATI AN S

862

NO VA TIANS

Novatian was condemned by Oornelius and by all
Ills episcoptil friends; and the bishop of lloiiie
sent letters everywhere, bringinj; the most grievous
charges against him, and giving the names and po-
sitions of the bishops who united with him in his
efforts to crush the first great reformer.

Novatian hud been made ii |)resbytcr by Fabianus
against the custom of the church, for, us Oorne-
lius says, in Euscbius,* " It was not lawful thut ono
baptized in his siek-bud liy aspersion, as lie was,
should bo promoted to any order of the clergy. . . .
If, indeed, it be proper to say that one like him did
receive baptism." But this only shows his extra-
ordinary talents' and influence.

After CJurnelius became bishop Novatian was
elevated to the same office by three Italian bishops,
and at once foundeil the purer community, for whose
advancement he labored with great success until
martyrdom removed him fron\ the presence of
wicked churcli members in full ecclesiastical
standing.

Among tiie charges brought by Cornelius against
Novatian, a list of which can be found in Eusebius,
was an accusation of cowardice for refusing to per-
form the duties of his ministerial office in a time
of persecution, Novatian set up a new community
in defiance of Cornelius and of nearly all the Chris-
tian bishops on earth ; and in this he showed un-
usual courage. O|)position to the treachei-y, charged
upon himself l)y Cornelius, was the chief instrument
which he used to establish his pure ifliuroh, and it
is not in human nature to believe that any man
could found a new comn'iunity in Rome itself by
denunciations of a cowardly crime of which he
himself had g^iven a conspicuous example. Besides,
he left the world as a martyr.

It was customary in the time of Ambrose, when
the minister distributed the Lord's Supper to the
faithful, to say, " The body of Christ," and the re-
cipient answered, " Amen."f Cornelius, in the
same calumnious letter in Eusebius, states tliat
Novatian, when he gave a portion of the Eucharist
to a communicant, instead of permitting him to
say "Amen," according to the usage no doubt
then in existence, seized his hand in both of his
Imnds, before he partook of the symbolic bread,
and ra;;Jc him "swear by the body and blood of
our Saviour, Jesus Christ, that he would never de-
sert him, nor turn to Cornelius." This story carries
its own refutation ; the idea that the founder of
the purest Christian community then in existence
should resort to such an infamous procedure is sim-
ply incredible. Cornelius, in tho same connection,
makes slanderous statements about the extraordi-
nary ambition of Novatiap, which have come down
to us through the " Eccleaiaatical History" of Euse-

* Kccles. Hist., lib. vl. cup. 4.1.

f AiiiLios. |)e Siiciam., lib. iv. cup. 5.

bius ; and his vanity is frequently given as the mo-
tive that led to his assumption of tlie bishop's office,
and to tho reformation inaugurated by Novatian.

The Novatians called themselves Kathari, or
Puritans. The corner-stone of the denomination
was purity of church membership. Novatian
charged Cornelius and liis Ibllowers with dishonor-
ing the cliurch of God, and destroying its divino
character by admitting apostates into its member-
ship, lie maintained that those who had sacri-
ficed to the idols to save their lives should never be
permitted to come to the Lord's table again. This
theory became popular with the saintly heroes and
heroines, who suffered terriljly at the hands of
Christ's persecuting enemies, but wdiose lives were
s]iarod. And all true Christians felt a strong lean-
ing towards the holy religion advocated and exhib-
ited by Novatian and his followers. Socrates, J a
candid and intelligent Greek historian, says, " No-
vatus (Novatian), a presbyter of tho llomish Church,
separated from it because Cornelius, the bishop,
received into communion believers who had sacri-
fieed (to idols) during the persecution which the
emperor Decius had raised against the church. . . .
On being afterwards elevated to the epi.'^oopacy by
such prelates as entertained similar sentiments, ho
wrote to all the churches, insisting that they should
not admit to the sacred mysteries those who had
sacrificed (to idols), but exhorting them to repent-
ance, leave the pardon of their offense to God, who
has the power to forgive all sin. . . . The exclusion
of those who, after baptism, had committed any
deadly sin from the mysteries appeared to some
a cruel and merciless course; but others thought
it just and necessary for the maintenance of disci-
pline, and the promotion of greater devotedness of
life. In the midst of the agitation of this important
question letters arrived from Cornelius the bishop
promising indulgence to delinquents after baptism.
. . . Tho?e who had pleasure in sin, encouraged by
the license thus granted them, took occasion from it
to revel in every species of criminality." The No-
vatians permanently excluded from their commu-
nity all who were guilty of deadly sins and second
marriages, as well as those who sacrificed to idols
to save their lives j and they regarded the church
universal as having lost tho character of a church
of Christ by receiving such persons into her mem-
bership. As a result of this conviction they bap-
tized again all who came from the old church to
them. Their baptism was immersion, the "pour-
ing around" of Novatian on his sick-bed is the
only transaction of that kind in their history now
known ; and as their hnuler suffered so much froui
tho unscriptural performance, his followers hud
little encouragement to imitate such an unfortuiiatii
oxumide.

t Eccles. Hist., Mb. It. cap. 28.

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yovAriANS

863

NUGENT

The general doctrines of the Novatians were in
perfect harmony with tliose received by tlie ciuircli
universal ; they ojily dill'ered fnjin it on questions
of discipline, and chieliy on tiie j^reat subject of
consecration to (jod.

It is creditable to the jiiety of the centuries
during which ibe Novatians cxisled that f^rcat
numbers uf (Ihristians adopted tbcir sentiments
and their fold ; tb(jui;h hated, wickedly calumni-
ated, and fiercely persecuted for a lonu; time, they
spread, and they found adherents not only in rural
regions, but in great cities and in the jialaces of
the emperor. Speaking of the law of C'onstantine
the (Ireat by which heretics were forbidden- to
meet " in their own houses of prayer, in private
houses, or in public places, but were compelled to
enter into communion with the church universal,"
So/.omen says, " The Novatians alone, who had ob-
tained good leaders, and who entertained the same
opinions respecting the divinity as the Catholic
Church, formed a large sect from the beginning, and
were not decreased in point of numbers by this law.
The emperor, I believe, relaxed the rigor of the
enactment in their favor. . . . Acesius, who was
then the bishop of the Novatians in (!onstantinople,
was much esteemed by the emperor on account of
his virtuous life."*

Novatian himself was a man of fervent piety ;
and his life after his conversion was above re-
proach, unless when accusations camo from a
calumniator whose charges were incapalde of
proof. He was the author of works on "'I'lie
Passover," "Circumcision," "The Sabbath,"
"Iligh-Priests," "The Trinity," and on other
subjects. He had many distinguished men among
his disciples. His community spread very widely,
and enjoyed special prosperity in IMirygia; but de-
clined rapidly in the fifth century. The Novatians,
as a people, were an honor to Christianity, and
their teacliings and example exercised a powerful
restraint upon the growing corruptions of the old
church.

The Novatians commenced their denominational
life when the baptisiu of an unconscious babe was
unknown outside of Africa ; and there it had a lim-
ited, if not a doubtful, existence. Indeed, if a cel-
ebrated letter of Cyprian, about a council of bish-
ops, said to have been hel3 in Carthage half a dozen
years after Novatian set up his banner of church
purity, be a forgerj', and the supposition is by no
means an improljable one, unconscious infant bap-
tism has no pro(jf of its existence in the literature
of tiie world. The infant rite, according to the let-
ter of Cyprian just referred to, had Cyprian fur its
patron, and as he had siiown the utmost hostil-
ity to Novatian, he and his follow^ers would not bo

* Kccles. Iliat., Ill), ii. Clip. 32.

very eager to adopt a ceremony of which his letter,
if genuine, shows tliat he was the special friend.
Tliese considerati<uis, together with the lioliness of
life demanded by Novatian churches, have led
many persons tu regard them as Baptists. Of the
truth of this o|iinion in the early history of this
people tlnu'c can be no doubt; and that the ma-
jority of their churches baptized only instructed
persons to (he end of their history is in the highest
degree probable.

Nowlin, Rev. David W., was born in Pittsyl-
vania Co., Va., Ain-il 11, 1812, and died in Mont-
gomery Co., Mo., Oct. 17, I>'<().5. lie was educated
for the bar, and was noted fur clear views of the
law, and for a souiul judgment. He taught the
Bible in his schools where he gave instructions in
science, because he believed it to be the foundation
of sound civil law. Hence when he was converted
he was familiar with Scriptural knowledge. He
found the Saviour in 1849, under the preaching of
Rev. William Vardeman, by whom he was baptized,
in November, 1851, into the fellowship of Zion
church. In 1856 he was ordained by Revs. Jas. E.
Welch, W. Vardeuum, and the venerable J. T.
Johnson. !Mr. Nowlin's culture, talent, and piety
made him exceedingly acceptable as a preacher.
He was frequently moderator of his Association.
He was honored and loved as u faithful and suc-
cessful minister of Jesus.

Nugent, Deacon E. J., was born on the 13th of
March, 1812, near Philadelphia, Pa. He grew to
the age of sixteen and a half years without religious
training. In the year 1831 a lady invited him to ac-
eom])any her to hear a sermon in the Pirst Baptist
church of Philadelphia. A stranger. Rev. N. Col-
ver, preached, and for the first time in his life he
was awakened to an alarming consciousness of his
sinfulness, and was so exercised that he could not
work for several days. He was enabled through
grace to repent of sin and to embrace Jesus Christ
by a living faith, and was baptized by the pastor, W.
T. Brantly, Sr., I).l)., with thirty-one others, in the
river Delaware. He was immediately set to work
as a teacher in the Sunday-sclio(jl, wdiere he served
the church for some years. At this period he was
led to consider seriously the impropriety of using
intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and ho has been
an earnest advocate of the cause of temperance
ever since. He regarded the Lord's day as a sacred
time for moral and religious improvement, bodily
rest and recuperation, and undin- the influence of
this view he was early led to fixed habits of con-
stant attendance upon the social and public worshi])
of God. In connection with others he conducted
religious services in the suburbs of the city. In
March, 1835, he roiiioved to Springfield, 0. Mr.
Nugent assisted in organizing a Baptist prayer-
meeting and Sunday-school, and in January, 1837,

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NUGENT

864

NUGENT

a church was formed consisting of tliirteen inein-
bor.s, of wliioh he wiis clioseii a tlcneon. 'J'lio cliuroh
contiuueil public woi'sliip, nioctiii^- in scliool-huuses
until pennlUcd to wursliip in un olti court-liouse,
wliere, in tlic year 1841, a series of meetings was
conitnenccMl, n^snUini; in the iirst i;reat revival ever
experi('nec(l in llu; tnwn. Ovit lOOVero con verte<l,
about 5U dl' wlioiii Joinc'il the liaptist church, 'fhe
deacon, with a few othiTs, was ctifrai;;ed in con-
(liictini^ nieetiiii!;s for prayer and exhortation in
country school-bouses, tliereby crcatinu; an interest
in the farnjini^ coniniunity for tlie Uaptist church.
This custom, under the blessinji; of (iod, was the
- secret of the remarkable growth and influence of
this church, 'flic deacon afterward wrote a hislory
of the cliiireb.

About this time ho asked a youn^ Presbyterian
Ijrother whom he had hoard declare that infant
baptism was tuu,L;ht in the .Scri|itures to point out
to him some of the proof texts, and promised to
pay him handsoiuel}' for his time if he wuuld [iro-
duce them. 15ut the younj!; man never demanded
tlm reward. Ccuiversations were continued on the
subj(!Ct for several months, resulting in his union
with the Baptist Church. On tlie day ho was Ijap-
tized he preached a sermon on the subject of ba|i-
tisni, giving reasons for bis change of views, and
was baptized in Ikick's Creek by llev.' J. L. ]\Iooro,
and was licensed to )ireach the gospel by the Bap-
tist Chui'ch. 'I'bat young man is niiw the Ijoloved
and honored superintendent of ]5aptist Missions
of the city of I'hiladelidiia, Kev. James French.
The deacon was either a toacluir or superintendent
of the Sunday-school during his residence in the
place. AVhon it became possible for the church at
Springfield to build a house, he was appointed on a
building committee of two, and they succeeded in
erecting a very commodious brick cliurch edifice
and parsonage. Mr. Nugent continued his mem-
bership there until the cluireh numbered over 3U0.
In 1852 he removed to Marysvillo, 0. There
being no Baptist church in the town, and only four
Baptists, he commenced prayer-meetings in private
liouses.

In the month of March, 1865, he and his family
removed to Ottawa, Kansas. T'he next <biy after
reaching Ottawa was the Lord's (biy, and the deacon
went to the Baptist Sunday-school and into the
young men's Bible-class. On the following Sab-
bath he was a|)pointed teadier of tlie same class.
At the time lie arrived in Ottawa the Baptist church
had no edifice. The question of building one was
discussed, and he was appointed on the building
committee. A house was completed at a cost ul
S.3700. In 1872 lie was elected to a seat in the
Kansas Legislature. lie was also chosen to several
offices of trust and honor in his own city. Mr.
Nugent has led a godly and useful life.

Nugent, Deacon George, was born in Phila-
delphia, Pa., May 3, ISd'.l. lie received a liberal
education in Clermont Academy, in the vicinity of
the city. Many of his fellow-students have risen

■.>^^1:..L

UEAl'O.N' 01-;0K0E NUOE.NT.

to distinguished positions; among these may be
mentioned the lion. John Welsh, late minister to
England. His father was (jeorge Nugent, a highly
respected and influential merchantof Philadelphia.

At the age of twenty-three he was converted, and
from careful study of the Scrijitures was led to unite
with the Lower Merion Baptist chnroh, under the
pastoral care of the liev. Dr. lloiatio Gates Jones,
by whom he was baptized in IS.'32. From that time
he has proved himself a faithful and devoted Chris-
tian, lie has been a deacon for more than forty
years. Wliile visiting among the poor, and wit-
nessing the destitute and sad condition of many
aged saints, he conceived the idea of a lioine for
them. This thought was the primal inception of
the Baptist Home. Originated by him, it has also
received largely of his gifts.

He has been a member of the boards of the
American Baptist Publication and Historical Soci-
eties for many years, and has also been long iden-
tified with the American Sunday-School Union as
chairman of its Missionary Committee. He has
taken groat interest in the education and moial
training of the young. Many churchos have shared
in bis practical boncvoleuco. He was one of the
founders of the Second Bajjtist church, (jlerman-
town, and a large contributor to its funds. Of this
community he is now a memliOr.

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NUNNALLY

865

OATKS

Mr. Nugent ia onu of the leading citizens of

Pliil;ulei|jliiii, — public-spirited, bciiovoleiit, and iini-
vorsiUlj' respected.

Nunnally, Rev. G. A., was ))orM in Walton Co.,
Ga., March 24, 1S4I. In youth he was vei'y pre-
cocious. At fourteen lie entered the University
of (ieorgia, and was the younj^est irraduate that
ever received a diploma at llie State Uuivertiity.
Mel'ore his nineteenth year he was elected Profes-
sor of Mathen'iatics in Ilaiiiilton C!olle^'e, and for
ten years he was principal of -Johnson Female In-
stitittc. He entered the ministry in 18()5, preach-
ing in the same field lor eleven years. In 1S76 ho
was elected pastor of the Uonie Baptist church,
which position he still holds. lie is a trustee of
Mereer University, and, though young, one of the
most infliii'ntial ministers of Georgia. lie is a line
orator, and a man of genius. As a preacher he is
surpassed hy few, and as a worker liis zeal, energy,
and capacity nmke him pre-eminent. In the Ap-
palachee Association, of which he was formerly a
memlier, his inlluence was unbounded, and he was
freiiuently its moderator.

Mr. Nunnally is a thorough friend of education,
missi(nis, and the .Sunday -school, and he is pos-
sessed of great ailminlstrative al)ilitv. His line
command of language and brillianey of intellect

make iiim an able and ready debater, and, with hia
I zeal and earnestness, give liim great inlluence in
I our denominational gatherings.

; Nutter, Rev. David, a useful minister in Nova
j .Scotia and New Brunswick, was ordained at St.
I John, New lirunswick, Juiu! 'lA, ISll); organized
I the Kaiitist chur<-h at Wiinlsor, Nova Scotia; la-
I bored as a missionary in (lanso, (ireysbonnigh,
I and Antigonish ; orgimi/.ed the Ibiptist church at
I Liverpool, Nova Scotia, in IMlil ; was p!Vst(U' of the
i Baptist church in Portland, St. John ; died Jan.
i 15, KS73.

! Nutting, James Walton, LL.D., wa.s one of
I the Hrst graduates from Windsor College, Nova
.Sciitia; was lired to the bar, and became prothon-
atory of the Supreme Court of Nova .Scotia. His
conversion was thorough ; ho was baptized at Hal-
ifax, 1827, and became a member of Granville Street
church in that city: was the originator of the .sys-
tem of education amcmg the Bapti.sts of Nova Scotia,
wdiieh took form at the Bapti.st Association at Ilor-
ton in 182S. He was a warm friend of Horton
-Vcadeniy and AtSulia tr^cjllege; was co-editor with
Mr. Ferguson of tlie Chri.s-liau Mesi-cn</cr until his
death, in 1870, aged eiglity-three years. I>r. Nut-
ting possessed great integrity of ciiaracter, and was
universally beloved.

o.

Gates, Rev. Samuel, charged with Murder
for Baptizing a Lady, who died soon after,

was a minister of popular talents, and a disputant
whom it was bettor for antagonists to shun. Visit-
ing Essex, England, in 10-10, he ]u-eached in several
]daces, and baptized large numbers of people. This
created great indignation among Pcdoliaptists, and
especially among the ministers. They endeavored
to stir up the magistrates to arrest Mr. Gates, but
they had no charge against him, and they were
afraid to imprison him.

Among those baptized by Mr. Gates was a young
wonnm, named Anne Martin, who died a few weeks
after her baptism. This furnished the clergymen
the charge which tliey required, and forthwith Mr.
Gates was sent to jail, accused of murdering Anne
Martin by administering immersion te her. He
was actually tried for his life at Chelmsford assizes
fi>!\ this dreadful crime. In that day in the writ-
ings of Pedobaptists immersion was frequently
denounced as a very dangerous practice; and S(nne
branded the Baptists as " a cruel and murdering sect

I for using it." If the trial against Mr. Gates had
been successful it would not only have sent him to
the gallows, but it would have been a heavy blow
at the administration of the Saviour's only baptism.
Great efforts, Mr. Crosby tells us, wore made to
secure the cmiviction of Gates ; it was asserted
that he held Miss Martin so long in the water that
she immediately became sick, and stated on her
death-bed that the dipping caused her fatal ill-
ness ; all the falsehoods told about her case, on
the trial, were completely exposed. Several wit-

j nessos were produced, and among them her own
mother, whose testimony proved that she had bet-
ter health for several days after her baptism than

, she had enjoyed for years before.

Crosby mentions an essay of Sir John Floyer to
prove the advantages of li.ithitig in cold water, in
wdiicli he gives a catalogue of diseases for which
it is a remedy. .Sir John closes his essay by ob-
serving '■ that the Church of England continued
the use of immersion longer than any Christian
church in the West. For the Eastern Church yet

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UliER

865

OGllAlh:

uses it; and ourcliurcli (the Episcopal) still recom-
Jiieiul.s lliu dipping of infants in her Rubric, to
wliicli, 1 tielieve, tlie I'Jn^lisli Clmroli will at la.st
return, wliun physic lias jjivm theiu a ck-ar proof
by divers experiments tlnit cohl hatlis are both sale
and useful. And," he says, " they did great injury
to their own children, anil to all posterity, who tirst
introduced the alteration of this truly ancient cere-
mony of immersion, and weie the occasion of ^
degenerate, sickly, and tender race ever since."
(Crosby's History of the English Baptists, i. 230-
240. London, 1738.)

Ober, Levi E,, M.D., a native of Vemiont, was
born at Rockingham, Windham Co., July 31, 1819,
and is theson of \Vm. and-Fanny (Fairbanks) Ober.
In 1830 his father's family moved to (Jlaridon,
Geauga, 0. Here Levi remained on his father's
farm until eighteen years of age, in the summer
assisting his father and during the winter attend-
ing school. He continued his literary and scien-
tilic studies, interspersed with manual labor, until
1845, when In; began the study (jf medicine with
Dr. Storm Rosa, of I'aincsville, 0. He took medi-
cal lectures at the Western Reserve College, Cleve-
land, and at the Kelectic Medical College, Cincin-
nati, from which last-named college he received a
diploma in March, 1850. lie subsequently attended
a course of lectures in the Jefferson Medical Col-
lege of Philadelphia. Ur. Ober began practice in
Moline, 111., in 1850. He came to La Crosse,
Wis., in 1857, where he has since resided. He
stands at the head of his profession in the State.
IIo has a very extensive practice, reaching far be-
yond the city of his residence. Jii 1872 he went
to Europe, traveling extensively in England, Bel-
gium, Switzerland, and parts of Germany, and
spending the winter of 1872-73 in Italy. lie
availed himself of every facility for visiting hospi-
tals, attending lectures, and for making the per-
sonal acquaintance of the most eminetit medical
men in the old country, that he might extend and
perfect his medical knowledge.

IIo was one of the founders of the Illinois Ho-
moeopathic Medical Association, and also a founder
of the Wisconsin Homoeopathic Society, and has
been presiihnit of both organizations. Once he was
called upDU to preside over the National Society.

But in AVioconsin Dr. Ober is no less widely
known as an eminent medical practitioner than as
nn earnest and active Christian. He is a member
of the Baptist church in La Crosse, one of its dea-
cons, and one of its large-hearted, liberal su})port-
ers. In all the religious and benevolent work of
his denomination in the State ho takes a deep in-
terest. He is a member of the board of the State
Convention, and is nearly always present at its
annual meetings.

Offer, George, was bom in London in 17'J6.

In early life he became a member of the Baptist
church at Bow, and subsequently attached himself
to the congregation at Mare Street, Hackney. Al-
though actively engaged in business during the
greater part of his life, and rendering valuable
public services as a magistrate of London, and as
member of the metropolitan board of wurks, he de-
voted himself with such ardor and persistence to
the history of two books, — the English Bible and
the ''Pilgrim's Progress," — that he became a chief
authority with all students a?id inquirers, with
book-buyers and booksellers. His collection of
Bibles and Testaments, and of the works of the
Puritan divines, especially of John Bunyan, was
without a rival. Mr. Oiler's library was the resort
of scholars and divines of all ranks and denomina-
tions. He edited the works of Bunyan in three
volumes, and wrote a memoir which is allowed to
be the most complete biography of that illustrious
man. He also wrote the " Lil'e of William 'I'yn-
dale," published by Bagster. He left in manuscriiit
the largest production of his jien, entitled " The
History of the Great Bible," embracing the history
of Coverdale's translation, Tyndale's, Cranmer's,
and the Genevan, each profusely illustrated with
facsimiles carefully made V)y himself. Ilis death
took place at his home in London, Aug. 4, 1864.

Ogilvie, Rev. John, was bom in Stafford Co.,
Va., in the year 17'.I3. He seemed inclined at dif-
ferent times to prepare himself for the profession
of the law, and again for that of medicine. He
taught school for a short time in Culpeper (,'ounty,
then at Jeffersonton, and snlisequently in Fauquier
County, having taken charge of the New ISaltimore
Academy. In early life he was quite skeptical in
his views, but in 1823, having heard a sermon by
Rev. C. George, his conscience was quickened, he
saw the folly of his views, and was led to give him-
self to Christ. One month after his baptism ho'
was licensed to preach, and one year after was or-
dained to the work of the ministry and became
piastor of the Goose Creek (Pleasant Vale) church.
With this church he labored most faithfully for
more than twenty-five years. Teaching school and
at the same time preaching regularly for three or
four churches, his labors were necessarily very
onerous, and his exposure to all kinds of weather
terribly exhausting. The great majority of the
Baptist ministers of Virginia twenty-live years ago,
supplying as they did live or six churches, often
spent at least one-third of their time on horseback,
rilling to and from their Various apjiointments for
jireaching, and Mr. Ogilvie had his full share of
these wearying labors. As a preacher, he was en-
dowed with rare gifts. His mind was strongly
logical, and he could divest a subject of all its
ambiguities and present it so jilainly to his hearers
as to make the most abstruse subjects clear to the

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OHIO

867

OLD-LANDMA KKISM

humblest capacities. One wlio knew liini well has
said that he never heard him preach a sermon from
which a man who hud never heard the gospel be-
fore, and should never hear it again, might not
learn enough about the ])lan of salvation by the
cross of Claist to save his soul. In all the rela-
tions of life his character was irrepi-oacliable. As
a citizen, a neighbor, and a friend be was esteemed
by all who knew biin, while as a Christian he was
revered for his unaffected piety and devotion. He
died June 2, 1849, in the iifty-sixth year of his age,
and his memory is fragrant among the people who
knew him and loved him so well.

Ohio Baptists. — The first church of any de-
nomination in Ohio, or the Northwestern Territory,
as it was originally called, was a ]Ja[itist church.
This was organized at Columbia, then five miles
above Cincinnati, and now a part of that city, in
1790. A year and a half previous to this twenty-
five persons from Pennsylvania and New Jersey' had
come down the Ohio River to this point. Six of
these were Baptists. This number had increased to
nine, when Rev. Stephen Gano, subsequently pastor
of the First church of Providence, K. I., who was
then visiting the colony, one Saturday at the house
of Benjamin Davis, presided over their organiza-
tion, and the next day baptized three believers. The
first pastor of the church was Rev. John Smith,
who afterwards became a member of the Senate
of the United States. A meeting-house — the first
Protestant place of worship in Ohio — was built in
1793.

From this point Baptists soon began to scatter
through lower Ohio. After Wayne's victory over
the Indians, in 1794, it was safer to leave the
river, and the Miami valley rapidly became settled.
A Baptist church was formed at Staunton, near
Troy, in 1S04. About the same time the King's
Creek and Union churches were organized, as were
also the churches at Middletown and Lebanon.
In 1808 the Columbia church removed to Duck
Creek, and has ever since borne the name of the
Duck Creek church. The Miami Association, con-
taining originally but four churches, wiis formed in
1797, and for several years included all the Baptist
churches in Ohio.

The origin of Baptist churohes in other parts of
the State was somewhat later. One of the oldest
of the churches is that at Marietta. The First
church, Dayton, 0., was constituted and recognized
in 18'24, though as early as IStJG there are traces
of Baptists in the place, and for some time there
ha<l been preaching bj' traveling ministers. The
First church in Cleveland was organized in 1833,
the First church in Colnmlnis threo'or four years
earlier, and the First church, Toledo, not until
1853. The oldest Association after the IMIami is
the Scioto, and the next oldest the Mad River,

The progress of the denomination in Ohio was
greatly retarded by what is known as the Camp-
bellite schism in 1827-30, which divided a number
of churches and carried away some prominent min-
isters, notably Rev. D. S. Burnett, of Dayton. In
the reaction following this movement, Old-School
ur Anti-Jlission l(,'ndencies were developed, which
produced divisions and resulted in loss of numbers
and power.

In later years, however, there has been great
progress. The largest contributors to this have
been the State Convention, established in May,
182t), Granville College, opened for students De-
cember, 1831, and the Education Society, organized
in 1834. At present the Bajitists in Ohio number
49,950. There are 033 churches and 469 ordai)ied
ministers. Connected with the churches there are
045 Sunday-schools, with 0800 officers and teachers,
and 58,500 scholars. Granville, Licking Co., is the
literary centre of the denomination, being the seat
of Denison University, of which Rev. A. Owen,
D.D., is president, and of a young ladies' institute,
under the charge of Rev. D. Shepardson, D.D.
There are other schools in the State also in which
Baptists have a controlling interest, notably the
Mount Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, Cincinnati,
0., and Clermont Academy, in Clermont County.

Old-Landmarkism.— I'he following sketch was
written at the editor's request by one of the ablest
Baptist ministers in this country. His account of
the opinions of all landmarkers is entirely reliable :

The origin of the term old-landmarkism was as
follows: about the year 1850, Rev. J. R. Graves,
editor of the Tennessee Baptist, published at Nash-
ville, Tenn., began to advocate the position that
Baptists cannot consistently recognize Pedobaptist
preachers as gospel ministers. For several years
he found but few to sympathize with this view.
Among the few was Rev. J. M. Pendleton, then of
Bowling Green, Ky., who in 1854 was requested
by Mr. Graves to write an essay on this question,
"Ought Baptists to recognize Pedobaptist preachers
as gospel ministers?" The essay was published iu
four consecutive numbers of the aforesaid paper,
and afterwards in the form of a tract. The title
given to it by lAIr. Graves was " An Old Landmark
Reset." The title was considered appropriate, be-
cause there had been a time when ministerial
recognition and exchange of pulpits between Bap-
tists and Pedobaptists were unknown. This was
an old landmark, but in the course of years it bad
fallen. When it was raised again it was called
" an old landmark reset." Hence the term " old-
landmarkism," and of late years, by way of abridg-
ment, " landniarkisMi."

That the doctrine of landmarkism is not a
novelty, as some suppose, is evident, because Wil-
liam Kiffin, of London, one of the noblest of Eng-

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OLMSTEAD

868

OLNKY

lish Baptists, advooated it in 1()4(), and with those
who agreed with hiin furrtied a chiifcli, of which
he was pastor till his death, in 17UI, — a very long
jiastoratc. 'J'his f'aet will he found in Croshy's " His-
tory of the Hiiglihh i5aptists," iii. -1, a work of the
liighest authority.

Benedict, in his " Fifty Years among the Bap-
tists," in referring to the earl^ |jart of .this cen-
tury, says, '■ At lliat time the exchange of pulpits
Ijetween the advocates and tlie 0|)ponenl8 of infant
haptism was u thing of very rare occurrence, ex-
cept in a few of the more distinguished churches in
the Northern States. Indeed, the doctrine of non-
inteicourae, so far as ministerial services were con-
cerned, almost universally prevailed hetwoen Bap-
tists and I'edohaptists." pp. 94, 95.

Truly the (dd landmark once stood, and having
fallen, it was deemed pruper to reset it.

The doctrine of landmarkism is that haptism
and church memhership precede the preaching of
the gos|)el, even as they precede communion at the
Lord's tahlc. The argument is that Scriptural
authority to preach ennmates, under God, from a
gospel church : that as "a visihle church is a con-
gregation of baptized believers," etc., it follows
that no I'edobaptist organization is a church in the
Scriptural sense of the term, and that therefore
Scriptural authority to preach cannot proceed from
such an organization. Hence the non-recognition
of Fedohaptist ministers, who are not interfered
with, hut simply let alone.

At the time the "Old Landnmrk Reset" was
written the topic of non-niinisterial intercourse
was the chief subject of discussion. Inseparable,
liowever, from the landmark view of this matter,
is a denial that Pedobaptist societies are Scriptural
churches, that Pedoba|itist ordinations are valid,
and that immersions administered by Pedobaptist
ministers can be consistently accepted by any Bap-
tist church. All these things are denied, and the
intelligent reader will see why.

Olmstead, John W., D.D., was born in Sara-
toga Co., N. Y., Nov. 13, I81G. His parents wore
members of the INIethodist Episcoinil Church.
When converted his convictions led him to the
Baptists, and he was baptized in Schuylerville,
N. Y., in LS3li, by llev. V.. B. Keyes. lie ])ursuoil
academic studies in Johnstown, N. Y. 'I'he honor-
ary degree of A.M. was conferred on him by Yale
College, and afterwards that of D.D. by tho Uni-
versity of Bochester. lie was first, in 1837, settled
over the Baptist church of Little Falls, N. Y., where
he remained live years. He then became pastor in
Chelsea, Mass., where he continued five years. In
1840 he became editor of the Ckristian liejiectiyr,
of Boston. In 1848 the Wdtchman was united with
it, and he filled the editorial chair of the consoli-
dated papers until 1877. His ability as a religious

journalist was fully demonstrated in his long and
successful management of that paper. In 1878 he
commenced the New York ^I'^a/r/t-'J'awcr, a [lopular
Baptist paper, and he is confident of success, lie
held prominent positions in Kox))ury, Mass., in
educational work, and was on the executive com-
mittee of the Missionary Union. His lil'e has been
one of great usefulness and honor.

Olney, Edward, LL.D., I'roh'ssor of Mathe-
matics in the University of Michigan, and author

EDWAKD OI.NIiV, I.I..D.

of a complete set of mathematical text-books, is
descended from the Rhode Island Olneys, and was
born in Moreau, Saratoga Co., N. Y., July 24, 1827.
During most of his childhood and youth he resided
in Ohio. Ilia early opportunities for an eduoittion
were very slight, but he niaile the most of them.
Beginning to teach at tlie age of nineteen, he pros-
ectited his own studies with great energy and suc-
cess, and early became eminent as a teacher. From
1853 to 1863 he was Professor of Mathematics in
Kalamazoo College, and acquired a reputation as
teacher in this de(iartm(uit almost unefjualed. In
1803 he became professor in the State University,
and still holds that position ; but his interest in
Kalamazoo College remains unabated. He is a
member of its board of trn.«toes, and among its
most liberal supporters. He has tho warmest in-
terest in Sunday-school work, and is always ready
to serve the temperance enterprise. From 1875 to
1879 he was president of the Baptist State Conven-
tion, and has since been its treasurer. Although
not an ordained minister, he sometimes conducts

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ONCKEN

869

ONCKEK

religious services. No one would liuny tluit liis
iudueiice is vei-y gi'Oat, iiucl always ou tlie side uf
justice and reli;;ioii. He was made A.M. by Mad-
ison University in MiM, mid liL.l*. Ijy ICalaniazuo
Oolle^'e in 1.S74.
Oncken, Rev. John Gerhard.— No one will

rel'use to this eminent iiuin the desii;;nalion of

REV. JOHN CERIIAKD ONCKEN.

apostle of the German Baptists. Ilis life being so
intimately connected with the rise and progress of
the Baptist denomination in Germany, the reader
is referred to the account of.thein in this work, and
this article will confine itself to some brief biograph-
ical data.

Mr. Oncken was born in Varel, in the grand
duchy of Oldenburg, Jan. 2(5, ISUO. In his youth
he came to Kngland, where, by the grace of God,
he l)ccame a Irui: Christian. Manifesting a [leculiar
fitness for evangelistic labors, he was sent to Ger-
many in 182IJ as a missionary of the British Conti.
nental Society, — a society formed in England for
the purpose of spreading tlie gospel on the conti-
nent. Filled with zeal and fervent love, he went
bagk to his native land a joyous herald of tiie truth
which lie had learned in a foreign clime. He tirst
preached the gospel on the coasts of the German
Ocean, in the cities of Hamburg and Bremen, and
in the province of East Frisia. His strong religious
convictions, liis clear insight into the Word, united
with a deep spirituality, a pleasing appearance, and
considerable oratorical talent, gave liim a welcome
reception among the people everywhere. Many
were converted, and a powerful religious move-

ment manifested itself in all that region. Mr.
Oncken labored as a missionary of the British
Continental Society till 182S, and tlien became the '
agent of the Edinburgh Bible Society.

As a result of faithful I'lible study, Mr. Oncken
gradually reached the conviction that baptism be-
longs only to believers, and that imnieision is the
only Scriptural mode of baptism. After having
long waited for an opportunity to receive bnplisni,
Mr. Oncken was at length baptized, together with
six others, by Rev. Barnas Stars, then of Hamil-
ton Institution, on the 22<1 of April, 1834, in the
river Elbe, near Hamburg; these seven believers
were the first fruit of thousands yet to follow. On'
the succeeding day these seven were constituted
a church, the First German Baptist church in
miideni times; Mr. Oncken was chosen jiastor.

Mr. Oncken's baptism created a great sensation
in all circles where he was known, and the perse-
cutions which he formerly endured now became
still more violent. The clergy, in harmony with
the police, were determined to destroy the work in
its inception, but all tlieir elforts proveil unavail-
ing. Mr. Oncken, full of love and zeal, jiroved
himself a man of lirm determination and undaunted
courage; he could not be intimidated nor silenced;
he paid no heed to the prohibitions of the author-
ities; he dreaded not the dungeon, and yielded not,
even when incarcerated. Under God, the continu-
ance and the ]jrosperity of the work in (jcrmany is
duo largely, lirst of all, to the endurance, fearless-
ness, and determination, and, secondly, to the un-
tiring labors, of this remarkable man. From that
day until now Mr. Oncken's life has been one of
apostolic toil and blessed success in spreading the
gospel through Germany.

Mr. Onckeii has always remained pastor of the
church in Hamburg, and has made Hamburg the
centre of his evangelistic labors, bi'ing enabled to
do this through the faithful aid of luilpers like
Koebner and Schaulller and others, who supplied
the church in his absence. In addition to his evan-
gelistic labors in Germany and adjoining countries,
Mr. Oncken has IVeiiuently visited England in the
interest of the German Baptist cause, and in 1853,
by invitation of tlie executive committee of the
American Baptist Missionary Union, he visited the
United States, traveling extensively in the North-
western as well as in the older States. On that
memorable journey Mr. Oncken's life was wonder-
fully preserved in a fearful railroad accident at
Norwalk, Conn. As a result of Mr. Oncken's
visit the committee voted to aid the mission in
erecting chapels to the extent of $8U0(J a year for
live years.

Looking over his eventful and useful life, it may
be said that Mr. Oncken's piety, courage, untiring
energy, and his strong organizing faculty have been

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O'NEALL

870

O-NKALI.

the Ibundiition-stoiios of liis great success. Ilis in-
lluouoe over the churches luid pastors in Ooriiiany
has lieeii powerful, 'i'hcy have looked upon hiiu
as a father, have greatly revered hiui, and highly
respected his judgment. The weakness of advanced
age hinders Mr. Oncken engaging any longer in
his loved employ; but while he still lingers amid
the scenes of his former eondiet, throngs of liless-
ings cheer his dcidiiiing days,- and whrn ho shall
he no longer walking among his hrethren, the
memory of his faithful and successful service will
be embalmed among the Baptists of Germany in
all -succeeding generations.

O'Neall, Chief-Justice John Belton, was born

on the lUth of April, 1793, near Bubo's Mills, in

CHIEF-JUSTICE JOHN HELTON o'nEAI.I,.

Newberry District, S. C. lie was the son of Hugh
O'Neall and Ann Kelly, his wife, — his ancestors on
both sides being of ancient Irish families. In his
youth he lunl facilities lor education' that were un-
usual for that period. In February, 1811, ho en-
tered the Junior class of South Carolina College,
and in December, 1812, graduated with the second
honor of that institution. He devoted himself to
the profession of the law, and from the commence-
ment obtaineil a large and lucrative practice. In
1816 he was elected to the House of Representa-
tives in the Legislature of South Carolina. He
was again elected in 1822, 1821, and 182^; and
during the last two terms was the Speaker of the
House. In December, 1828, he was elected an as-
sociate judge, and in 1830a judge of the Court of
Appeals. On the abolition of that court he was

transferred to the Court of Law. In 1850 he be-
came president of the Court of Law Appeals and
of the Court of Errors. Upon the reorganization
of a separate Court of Appeals, he was with great
unanimity appointed chief justice of South Caro-
lina. It would be supertluous to attempt to de-
scribe the manner in which thi^se several ollices of
public trust have bccTi filled. His thorough busi-
ness habits, his untiring industry, his incorruptible
integrity, his conscit;ntious discharge of the duties
of every oDiee, together with his great learning,
enabled him to establish for himself a position
unequaled by any chief justice in the history of
this State.

It might seem that surrounded by such cares he
would have no time for the performance of other
public duties. But, on the contrary, we find him
devoting-liimself in various other ways to what he
deemed the vital interests of the country. His
attention to agriculture contributed in great ]iart
to its advancement in South (Carolina, but especially
in his native district uf Newberry. To his labors
and personal inlluenoe, too, is the State indebted
for the successful completion of the (irecnvillc and
Columbia Railroad. His activity in these respects
was but an index of his more jirivate labors in
every way in which the material prosperity of the
State could be advanced.

Outside of his ollicial labors, perhaps Judge
O'Neall was known in no respect so well as in the
character of an ardent advocate of total abstinence
from all intoxicating liquors. To this work he
devoted himself during the most vigorous years of
his manhood, and continued his efforts until the
time of his death. He became known as the apostle
of temperance in South Carolina, and occupied the
highest position among its most distinguished ad-
vocates in North America. No one man has per-
formed more voluntary labor in this cause than he.

It was the privilege, however, of those who
knew Judge O'Neall in his private life to appreciate
most highly the true worth of his character. His
public life disi)laycd the sterner, his jirivate life
the gentler, traits of true and noble manhooil, each
in equal perfection. Clod blessed him in the selec-
tion of a companion- whom he spared until the end
of his life. On the 25lh of June, 1818, he was
married to Helen, eldest daughter of Capt. Samp-
son and Sarah Strother Pope. All the children of
this marriage preceded their honored father to the
grave. He himself died on Sunday, the 27th of
December, 18G3, being seventy years, eight months,
and seventeen days old.

The Convention of the Baptist denomination in
South Carolina suffered a great loss in the death
of Chief-Justice O'Neall, because he was an ardent
co-worker with his brethren in the advancement
of Christ's kingdom. His parents were Friends,

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O'NEALL

871

ONTARTO

ovO.uakera, but fi-oiii the time tljiit T?iotIier O'Neall
made a profession of Clii-istiiinity lie was an earnest
advoeato of tin; religious views lield liy tlio Calvin-
istiu Baptists. A great revival in tlie town of New-
berry, iu 1831, gave origin to the Baptist church
of that place, on the records of which, under date
of Saturday, Jan. 26, 1833, is the ftillowing: "' 11k-
ceived by experience, Jolm B. O'Ncall." In the
minutes of Saturday, iMuroh 22. 1834, is another
item of importance : " Resolved, that it is expedient
\o appoint three additional deacons of this church,
who are requested to conduct all prayer-meetings
from time to time, and to take part in any other
religious exercises to which they may be prompted
by the Spirit in aid of the pastor of this church."
Under the above resolution were appointed John
B. O'Ncall, M. T. Menilenliall, and I)i-ayton Nanci;.
In compliance with the above resolution religious
meetings were conducted by the brethren named
with great regularity for a considerable time.
Judge O'Neall's addresses, lectures, and exhorta-
tions are still remembered by those who used to
hear them. They were characterized by all the
vehemence and earnestness which at a later period
marked similar ellurts in the cause of temperance.
lie was at that time very active in the church.
Afterwards the judge was often absent discharging
his official duties, but whenever at home he was a
constant attendant upon the public ministry of the
gospel, and felt much interest in all that concerned
the welfare of the church.

lie carried into it the same characteristics which
distinguished him in other important relations,
— great zeal, energy, ardor, and devotion. These
qualities, connected with unusual ability, made liim
the eOFective Christian he was. Judge O'Ncall
was remarkable for his humility as a Christian,
and though occupying prominent positions in the
State, and receiving at times an homage which
was well calculated to foster worldly pride, ho al-
ways retained that humility which condescends to
small things and to men of low estate. His piety,
as exhibited at home, around the fireside, and in
private life, displayed this quality most strikingly.
It was his custom to erect a domestic altar night
and morning, when, gathering his family, white
and black, around him, he invoked the blessings
and pardon of heaven upon them in a most simple
and touching manner, and if a friend or stranger
happened under his roof, he invariably prayed for
him personally. His fervid manner of addressing
a throne of grace showed , hia strong faith in a
special providence. lie was remarkable for a
tender regard for all ai'ounil him. If his humblest
servant was seriously sick, he exhibited a strong
sympathy for him and made him a subject of ja'aycr
at the family altar, and followed the remairjs of a
servant to the burying-grounil, and stood by the

grave during the funeral service with a reverence,
humility, and awe which showed how deeply his
heart was imbued with the spirit of Christ, and
how surely he felt that God was no respecter of
persons. He was loved and revered in his own
district as the friend of the widow and orphan.
Indeed, this was iiis character throughout the
State. Enjoying a reputation for liberality, and
occupying a position which exposed him to calls of
this kind, it is not too much to say that he ex-
pended a small fortune in responding to sueh ap-
peals. He was quite as well known for that charity
which marked the good Samaritan, — that gentle
and kind sympathy which will observe and even
hunt out and relieve the wants and distresses of
others by counsel, advice, and sympathy as well as
donations of money.

But Judge O'Neall's most distinguishing trait as
a Cln-istian was that he was not ashamed of the re-
ligion of Christ. It was this that made him so emi-
nently useful. No man, certainly no layman in
the Baptist denomination, nor in any other, has
exerted so wide-spread an inlluence for good. Be-
fore assembled multitudes, in charging juries, in
sentencing crimiiuds, or i[i making temperance
speeches, he always made it a point to enforce
directly or indirectly the truths of Christianity.

At home, in his own church, he was in the habit
for many years of conducting prayer-meetings and
delivering addresses when there was no preaching
in the church. He continued this until he was
seriously injured by an accident on the railroad,
al'ter which ho discontinued public speaking of all
kinds. His prayers and lectures on such occasions
were warm, fervent, and effective. He would
usually take a chapter or a portion of one, and
make a running comment. Often he would select
a psalm, the fervid eloquence, poetic sentiment, and
language of which seemed congenial to him, and
gave him an opportunity, which seemed to deliglit
him, of expatiating on the goodness, power, and
glory of God.

With all his honors he cherished most his privi-
leges as a servant of (!l]risf, who, amid the many
duties of a life of extraordinary activity, has always
remembered his dc)icndence upon God, and sought
his aid, and strove to guide others, too, in the way
of life.

It is not surprising that where .such piety is
united with such greatness his brethren should
have loved and honored him. At the session of the
Southern Baptist Convention, held in July, IH.'iS,
he was elected president, an office in which he con-
tinued until July, 18G3, when his failing health for-
bade his further attendance upon its meetings.

Ontarioand Quebec, Baptists of. — Itisdillicult
to trace the history of the introduction of Baptists
into these provinces, as until a comparatively recent

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iM .ilir. -Ji'l

ONTARIO

872

ORDINA TION

date no attempt was made to preserve the denoml-
'nutiunal records. But as Baptists are always Ibiuid
wliei-ever the Word of God is fiecly circulated and
devoutly studied, it is to be jiresuined that theie
were many converts to our principles, in the upper
province at least, before the arrival of Baptist
preachers. So far as can be ascertained, the lir.st
cdiurches wore planlcd by itinerant missionaries
from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the United
States, None of these churches has a history ex-
tending over a much longer period than eighty-live
years. According to a brief sketcli published by
the late Bev. Dr. l''yfe, in 1850, the first church in
the eastern section of the country of which there is
any authentic account was foi-jued in (Jaldwell's
Manor, by Uev. E. Andrews, of Vermotit, in IT'J-l.
This section i.s indebted to missionaries sent out by
a society of whicli the late venerable Dr. Sharp, of
Boston, was secretary. In the same year(l7'*4) the
first church in the western section was formed under
Ehlers Ilamillon anil 'I'nrncr, at Tluiidow, in the
county of Northnniberland ; and about the sanu!
year Elder Winn commenced to labor in the dis-
trict of Prince Edward. Through this region there
once nourished many churches, — in the townslii|is
of llawdon, Sidney, Cramahe, I\lurray, etc, — but
chielly througli emigration westward some of them
have become extinct, and others have languished
for years.

In lyOO a brothin- named Finch, from New
Brunswick, began to preach at Charlotteville, and
in 1804 a church was formed there, of which several
neighboring churches are the thriving daughters.
Soon after this the clnirch in lieamsville was formed,
under the missionary labors of Elders Covell and
Warren, from the Shaftsbury Association, Vt.
This ehureh has also been a fruitful mother. Be-
yond these Dutlines it would be scarcely possible
to trace the inliuences (they have been so varied)
which have raised up Baptist churches in dilTerent
]iarts of the country. The Baptists were the first
anti-Koman Catholic iriissionaries, to Canada, as
they were the first missionaries to the lieathen, and
it is to be regretted that the history of their early
trials anil labors is so little known.

The numerical increase of the denomiiuition will
be indicated \>y the following statistics: in ISliS
there were in Ontario (then called Upper Canada)
45 ministers, 1435 communicants, and 5740 regu-
lar hearers. The Baptists in Quebec, or Lower
Canada, at that time were very few, and would not
have materially altered the al)Ove figures. In 1842
the census gave 19,623 Baptists in tlie two prov-
inces; six years later they numbered 28,503; in
four years more (1852) they numbered 49,846 ; an<l
in 18liO the number of ministers was about I'JO, of
communicants 13,716, and of adherents 1)0,000.
Now (1881 ) there are not fewer than 25IJ ministers,

356 cliurohes, a membership of more than 27,000,
and at least 125,01)0 adherents. Of these, by far
the greater nunibiu' belong to Ontario. The " Cami-
dian Baptist Year-Uook" for 1881 gives tlio Bap-
tists (d'(iuebeo only 26 English-speaking churches,
with a total menibersliip of about 2000. If tlio
members of the (irande Eigne Jlission churcluts
(Kreru'h) are added, the number of communicants
will not even then exceed 2400. 'I'hese figures need
occasion no surprise, when it is remembered that
the entire Protestant po[iulation of that (n'ovince is
exceedingly small. 'The largest churches in thi^
two provinces are Jarvis Street, Toronto, with 75) ;
Eirst Brantford, with 525 ; and First Montreal,
with 479 members. Several others have from 200
to 350 members. There are 14 Associations.

For Cliristiaii enterprise and liberality the Bap-
tists of (hitario ami Quebec will compare favorably
with their brethren in any part of the world. Their
Liteiary Institute, at Woodstock, forwiiich an ade-
qinite endowment is nearly raised, and the new
Theolcigical Seminary at Toronto, the land and
buildings of which are the donation of one man,
stand as monuments of princely giving on the part
of the rich, and of the mutiilicence of the body
generally. Home mission work is done under the
direction of two boards, reiaesenting the East and
the ^Vest respectively. The new province of Mani-
toba receives missionary aid through a sejiarate
organization. A Foreign iNIissionary Society is
also maintained, with which are connected two
AVoraen's Auxiliary Societies. Besides these the
aid of the denomination is claimed by a Church
Edifice Society, a Society for tiie Belief of Super-
annuated ftlinisters, and the Grande Eigne Evan-
gelical Society.

Two weekly newspapers, the Canadian Raplist
and Christian Helper, ava published at Toronto;
and also a monthly, the Canadian Missionary
Link, devoted to the interests of the Women's
Foreign ^Mission Societies. (See also the article
Baptist Union of Canada.)

0'Q,llin, Rev. Ezekiel, a pioneer preacher in
Rapiiies Parish, La., was born in North Carolina
in 1781, and died in 1823.

0'Q.uin, Rev. John, son of Ezekiel OQuin, was
born in Soulh ('arnliua in 1808, and settled in llap-
ides Parish, La., in 1815; began to preach in 1834,
and became a pioneer in the St. Landry region.
AV'hile preaching constantly ho engaged success-
fully in planting, and auuissed a large fortune.
Since the war he has engaged actively in politics,
and has served with ability several terms in tlio
Louisiana Legislature.

Ordination. — AVhen a brother is set apart to the
work of the gospel ministry, if he is ordained by
the authority of the church to which liis services
are to bo given, his nieuibership is first transferred

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OREGON

873

ORIGIN

to that oomiiuiiiity. They pass resulutions dechir-
ing their coiiviotion that he should be ordained,
and tiiey siuiiiiiuu a council to meet for that ]rur-
pose on a designated day. 'i'hey appoint Ijrethren
to represent theni in the council. The clerk of the
church presents the council with its resolutions, a
list of the eiiurehes invited, ami bhe names of the
representatives of the church. When the council
is organized, and opened with devotional exercises,
the candidate gives an account of his conversion,
call to the ministry, and views of doctrine and
church order. Alter a searching examination from
the ministers and laymen of the council, he is re-
quested to retire, when his conversion, divine call,
character, orthodoxy, and talents are carefully scru-
tinized. If he is approved by the council a resolu-
tion to that ellect is passed, and another that the
council proceed to his ordination. T'he candidate
is then brought before the council, and the moder-
ator announces to him its decision. \ committee
is then ap|)uinti!d to arrange for the onlination ser-
vices ; this committee always includes tlie candi-
date. Tlie moderator of the council ]jresides at the
ordination. Its services include a sermon, t;he im-
])Osition of hands on the head of the kneeling can-
didate by all the ministers in the pulpit, the hand
of fellowship as a herald of the gospel, a charge to
the candidate and to the church. If the minister
is not yet a member of the church of which he is to
become pastor, the church to which be belongs calls
the council, and he is ordained by its request and
under its authority.

Oregon, a I'ieh agricultural and mining State,
with many prosperous cities. It has four univer-
sities iind colleges, and a s[)lendiil common school
system. On May 2j, 1S44, ''The ^Vest Union Bap-
tist church'' -was fcu'med on the Tualatin Plains,
with eight memljcrs. It was the first Baptist church
at that date in the United States west of the Kocky
Mountains. They met regularly for years to study
the liibli; and hear a sermon read bv one of their |
number. in February, 1815, llev. \'. Snelling
]n'eaelu!d the lirst sermon to the little lloek, joined
them, with his wife, and ])avid T. Lenox was or-
dained a deacon. In .May, 1S45, they celebrated
the Lord's Supper for the lirst time. Other minis-
ters began to arrive, new churches were organized,
until now Oregon lias nearly eighty ehurclics, five
Associatiims, a monthly paper. Tin- Jicaroii, one
college, at McMinnville, its State Convention, Mis-
sion, Kducation, and Sunday-school Conventions
and Boards, a Woman's Missionary Society, and
about 3000 Baptist members. There is also a flour-
ishing mission for the Chinese in Oregon, located
at Portland ; tln^ soul of this mission is a converted
and ordaiiu:d Chinaman, llev. i)ong Cong, who be-
came a Christian and a IJa[itiat uhnost at the peril
of his life.
6(i

Origin of Infant Baptism, The. — Infant
baiitism came into life in Alrica, the country of
slavery, cruelty, and ignorance. In the Roman
colony stretching along the coast of the Mediter-
ranean Sea, where the warlike and ferocious Car-
thaginians built up their commerce and sovereignty,
this superstitious rite was born. Never in human
history is it heard of until African writers mention
it. TertuUian, at the very close of the second cen-
tury, discountenanees the baptism of children, —
not unconscious infants. Speaking of them ha
says, "They know how to ask for salvation (bap-
tism) that you nuiy seem to have given it to one
seeking it." (Xorint petere salutem, ut petenti
dedisse videaris. De Baptismo, cap. 18. Lipsiaj,
ISoil.) These candidates for baptism could ask for
it, and conseiiuently were not unconscious babes,
and he opposes its administration to them on ac-
count of their early years. There is no hint given
that it was custonuiry to baptize intelligent children
of several years of age. 'I'erlullian's little book
was written against the (^uintillianists, who suf-
fered women to ]ireach and baptize, and who were
regarded as heretics. His w(jrk affords no hint of
the existence of the baptism of unconscious babes.
The first case of that siu-t, if real, in the literature
of Christianity, is to be found in a letter of Cyp-
rian, bishop of Carthage, written about a.u. 25(i.
giving an account of the proceedings of a couiKii
of sixty-six bishops held at that time in Carthage,
ridus, a country bishop, wanted to know if an in-
fant might be baptized befcire it was eight days
old. There is not a Sunday-school teacher in a
I'edobaptisL schonl in (.'hristendom who conld not;
answer that question in a moment, but Fidus, a
bishop, could not decide what to do, and Cyprian,
a man of su)ierlative presumption, feels conjjielled
to seek tiie wisdom of sixty-six bishops to guide
Fidus. If the letter of Cyprian is genuine, this is
the first distinct evidence of the existence of infant
baptism among the Saviour's followers; no other
intimation of its occurrence in the third century is
given, but i'nw instances of it can be found in the
fourth, and the baptism of catechized persons Wiis
coiamon for ages after; btit wo doubt the genuine-
ness of this ](!(ter.

Beyond all ((uestion infant baptism began in
.\friea, and Augustine of Hippo was the man who
lent it the force which gave it victory. ^Vfrica
had been cursed for ages with human sacrifices to
Saturn, — little children were placed in the arms of
a metal image intcl\sely heated, with a blazing firo
underneath its oiitstretchcMl arms. JMany ]iersons
who became nominal Christians practised this an-
cient and horrid aboiuinatiou ; backsliders from
Christiaiiity followed tliis hideous v'ltv of the I'lcui-
iiician colonists of Nortli .Miica. Uobinson has a
theory about the origin of the infant ceremony

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ORIGINAL

874

ORIGINAL

which miiy cniituiu scmiu tnitli. His idea is tluit it
■was pi'oliuhly used to phicu God's murk upon the
ini";iiits, iuiil tliereby to protect them fVoin the bloody
uiins dl' iufaiiiDUH Siituni, to wliose frij^htful ciii-
biaee their superstitious parents would consign
them. Alter mentionin,:; various matters connected
with his theory, hesays, "CVdleetirt^ into one point
of view all thi; (uremeiilioned I'acts, the eye lixcs on
Fidus, the JKiue^t and humane bishop of a company
of Christians in a cuuntry place of Africa, where
some of his ncis;;libors bought, stole, captured, and
burnt children ; where some of his Hock returned
to paganism ; others intermarried with pagan fam-
ilies and went with them into the (dil practices of
Baerilieing children to the gods ; himself lilled with
Jewish iileas of dedicating children to the true
God, and mai'kiug thein by eii'Cumeision ; and send-
ing lor advice to Cyprian, exactly such another
confused genius as himself, is it a very improliable
conjecture that l''idus bethought himself of bap-
tizing new-born infants as an expedient to save
the lives of tin; lambs of his (lock? . . . To prevail
with such savages to dedicate their infants to God ;
to take possession of tlicm by the soft nu'thod of
dipping them in water ; to procure some persons
of more inlluence than the parents to become spon-
sors lor the babes (adults recpiired sponsors in or-
der to be baptized soon after the apostolic ago, to
instruct them, and probably to protect persecuted
Christians from baptizing s|iies) ; this resembles
the great Alfred's uniting Britons into tens, and
forcing every nine to |dedge themselves that the
tenth should enjoy his liberty and his life." (His-
tory of Baptism, l!48-0. Nashville.) Whether
Cyprian's letter is genuine or a forgery, ami
■wlietlier or not such a man as Fidus ever lived, it
is extremely proijable that Mr. Robinson's conjec-
ture had some truth in it. The writer, however, is
of the opinion that the grand forces which gave
success to infant baptism after the application of
the rite to ihem was conceived, were the pernicious
falsehoods that Adam's guilt would keep every nn-
baptized infant out of heaven, and that his iniquity
was washed from the soul of the infant by bap-
tism. So soon as these fables were received, men,
and surely woiin;n, were inclitu'd to favor the dip-
ping of new-born babes.

Original Sin. — Adam and Eve were created in
perfect iniHicenco. They could not be invested with
infallibility, for that attribute ))elongs to God alone,
and Jehovah could not create a deity : but they were
Bummoned into life without u tendency to sin, and
they were as holy as the angels of God.

'J'he human race was created in Adam and Eve,
just as millions of oaks were created in the first
tree of that kind. I'liysical ilefects <n- material beau-
ties have been transmitted down from ihi^ first two
jmronts of our race ; they could come froiri no oilier

source. When Adam sinned he forfeited his title
to the tree of life in Eden, and as a consequence its
leaves and fruit no longer healed his wounds, acted
as an antidote against his diseases, and arrested the
decay that over since lias wasted declining years.
He lost Eden with the tree of life at the fall, and
so did his )iostority in him. 'i'he head (jf the family
recklessly squandered his rich iiiheiitauce, and as
a matter of course those who were Ijch-u to him
afterwards never eujoycnl any part of it. The same
thing was true of the divine favor which he forfeited
in Eden ; it was lost to him for the lime being by
the use of the forbidden fruit, and it was never
restored unless he re]ientcd, and through divimdy-
appointed sacrifices turned to the Iiord his God.

He left Eden with a heart vitiated by sin, atj^
his children suljsequontly born canie into tlie world
with his spiritual defects and temporal disadvan-
tages. He once bore the image of God, but sin de-
stroyed it, and all his descendants have been marked
by a guilty likeness to him.

Original sin vitiates tluMiioral tastes of each man;
it leads him to prefer the world, fleshly gratifica-
tions, ami even the snares of the tempter, to the
service of God. And as there is not in human na-
ture a counteracting agency to subdue guilty tastes
and restore the transgrx-'Ssor to Jehovah, he must
Continually sink deeper into sin unless sovereign
grace restores him.

Original sin leads ilirectly and surely to total
depravity. We prefer total jiervurswn as a better
description of this sad state. Good and gentle and
moral persons who have not been born again are
totally perverted from God. If the heart is for
Christ, the whole being is on his side ; if the heart
is against him, the whole man is his enemy. When
Anne Boloyn had the heart of Henry VIII., he
slighted Queen Catharine, hurled aside the author-
ity of the pope and tlie claims of his religion, in
the defense of which he had written a book, defied
all Europe in his d(!termination to marry her, and
befriended the Bible, which he had burned, and the
Protestants, whom he had slandered and persecuted,
because of his regard for her. But when his heart
turned to a rival of Anne, then he was wholly alien-
ated from her. This is the exact situation of each
unsaved man : his heart and life are wholly |ier-
verted from God. What was true of ancient Israel
may be justly applied to all unconverted persons,
"Ye will revolt tnore and more: the whole head is
siek, and the whole heart faint. From the sole of
the foot even unto the lu'ad there is no soundness
in it; but wounds, and bruises, and jjutreiying
sores." — Isa. i. T), 6.

Original sin lias extended over the whole race.
Dreadl'ul and undeniable facts prove this statemenc,
and inspiration asscu-ts it. Piiul says, '' A\'o have
before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they

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OSAGE

875

OSGOOD

aro all under sin ; us it is written, ' There is none
ri;;litooiis, no, not one: tliero is none tlnit undor-
stiuiilctli, tlicrc is none tluit seeketli ul'ter God.
'I'liey lire all gone out ol' the way, tliey are to-
gether become \inpro(italjle ; there is none that
doi'th good, no, not one.'" — Koni. iii, 10-1 'J.
^VIu;n he .spealis of .Tews and (I(■ntil^8 he intends
to describe all men. The race in nnbeliel" is in a
state of total perversion from flud.

Original sin paralj'zes the nujral powers of the
soul, and forbids any man, unaided by divine
grace, to go to Jesus. A young I'Veneh ecclesi-
astic, years ago, was supposed to have died, and
was in bis cullin when the mass for the dead was
being read, lie beard every word of it, knew his
situation exactly, but could not move a finger, ncjr
an eyelid, nor utter a word. Something led to an
inspection of the face, when a slight flush was dis-
covered, and the heart was found to be beating.
The man was restored to his family, and by proper
remedies speedily became well. But without lielp
he would have been buried. So the entire impeni-
tent are dead in sin. " You hath he quickened
wlio were dead in trespasses and sins." — Eph. ii. 1.
And under the influence of this moral death of
themselves they will never go to Jesus. " No
man," says Jesus, " can come to mo except the
Father who hath sent me draw him." Origiiuil sin
has the first hold of a human heart, and it will never
let it go till the all-pcjwerful hand of grace destroys
its dominion.

Original sin lias doomed the race except where
tlie Sjiiritof Christ has given anew heartimd saving
faith. " By the oifense of one judgment came upon
all men to condemnation." — Rom. v. 18. "' lie that
believeth not is condemned already." — John iii. 18.
'fhis is the condition bid'ore God of all who have
kept away from .Jesus over the whole earth: they
are in a stat(! of total perversion from God.

Osage, Iowa, the county town of Mitchell
Couu'ty, is widely known and honored for its ad-
herence to temperance principles and the high
moral tone of its people. The Baptist church was
org!ini/.c<l in 181)2. It has grown into an efficient
body of 170 members. The Cedar Valley Semi-
nary, one of the Baptist schools of Iowa, under the
care of the Cedar Valley Baptist Association, is
located at Osage.

Osborn, Rev. John W., of Seio, Linn Co., Ore-
gon, was born Oct. IS, l,S38. His father was a labo-
rious and successful jn'eacher. He was in his youth
wild, worldly, and loved to ridicule religion j but
in isr)!!, during (uie of his father's meetings, he was
converted, and two months later, while studying at
Pella University, was baptized by l!ev. Elihu (iunn,
anil Joini'd the Pclla church. He was ordained at
Concord, lowii, in .March, 18(14, preached in many
places for two years in Iowa, Nebraska, and Colo-

rado, and in 180G removed to Oregon, and preached
in Polk County until 187^!, when he removed to
the Forks of Santiam. In 1878, on account of
sickness he removed to Eastern Oregon, and spent
some time in Washington Territory, doing mission-
ary work at Dayton, Grande Kon<le, the Cove, In-
dian Creek, and other places. Uctiirning in Feb-
ruary, 188(J, he settled at Scio, and is ))ustor of the
Providence and Union churches, where he has had
his greatest successes. Brother Osborn has always
preached without a stated salary ; he has done a vast
amount of mission work in Central Oregon for
the yamhill, McMinnville, Union, ])alias, Lacrole.
Providence, Antioch, Oak Creek, 1'ilgrim's Home,
Pleasant Valley, Shiloh, Scio, and other churches;
organized many new churches; helped to organize
the (ieneral Baptist Association of Oregon, in 1808 ;
li.as been active on missionary boards, and is one
of the most earnest, self-denying, and influential
Baptist preachers in the Central Association of
Oregon.

Osborn, Rev. John Wesley, Sr., wtis born of

Methodist parents, Aug. I'J, 1802, His jiarents
afterwards became Baijtists, and the father a Bap-
tist minister. The son was converted and baptized
in 1821, in St. tdair Co., III. ; licensed in 182tj, or-
dained in 1830. lie traveled extensively in Cen-
tral and Northern Illinois, Southern Wisconsin,
and Iowa, with little or no salary ; orgtmized many
permanent churches, and baptized over 3000 con-
verts. He preferred to go where there was no
preaching, and build up churches from his own
laltors. He was often bitterly opposed ; sometimes
his life was threatened ; some of liis enemies were
converted, and became powerful helpers of the truth.
In 1866 he removed to Oregon ; served the Union,
Lacrole, Antioch, Pallas, North Palestine, Provi-
dence, and Scio churehcs. lie was doctrinal in
preaching, using only brief notes, and swayed his
audiences with the eloqnenoe of truth, i'icd Oct.
16, 1875, and left his youngest son in the work of
the ministry ; one of Oregon's successful Baptist
preachers.

Osborn, Lucien M,, LL.D., was born in Ash-
tabula, 0., in I.S2i! ; gi-aduali,'d at Madison Univer-
sity in 18-17 ; principal of the gramnnir-schocd ov
Madison University, 1851-50 ; Professor of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy in the univer-
sity, 1S56-68. Since 1868, Professor of Natural
Sciences; degree of LL.D. conferred by Denison
University in 1S72; associated for some time with
the president of Madi.-^on University "to take
charge of the internal iliscipline of the university,
which delii-atc and difficult task was performed
with high credit." Dr. Osborn has a high stand-
ing in the Baptist denomination, and he is among
the purest and most nsi^ful men in it.

Osgood, S. M., D.D., died at Chicago, July 9,

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OTTAWA

870

OWEN

1875. IIo was liuiii at llendorson, Joffei'son Co.,
N. Y., Maroli 2, 1807, being the son of llev. Emory
(jMi^ood. .\t tlie ago of nine years ho became
a Cliristiaii, and was baptized by bis I'atlier. lie
entered active life as a printer, in ^Vatertown,
N. Y.. and in this place, with the exception of brief
intervals, lived some ten ye:ir.s, at the end of that
time becoming connected with the office of the
Baptist lieyistcr. in f'tica, N. Y., uniting with the
Broad Street Baptist church in that city. After
one 3'car in Utica he removed to C'orthand, N. Y.,
and, in company with Mr. Rufus A. Reed, toolc
charge of tlie Corllaud Chronicle. Returning to
Wutertown in 1831, he had for his pastor there
llev. Jacob Knapp, and was iiutde a deacon in the
church. In 1834 he was appointed missionary
printer at Manlniain, Biirmali, and on July 3 of
that year sailed from Boston in the sljip " Cash-
mere." His associates on the voyage were Jonathan
Wade, Grover S. Comstock, William Dean, and
Miss Ann Gardner. There were, besides, three
missionaries of the American board.

Mr. Osgood renuiined at Maulmain until 184G,
lendering most vahnible service. One of his re-
ports, covering a period of two j'ears, " showed
that in that time the sijven iron hand-presses of the
mission had turned out nearly seven hundred thou-
sand copies of diii'crent publications, including al-
most nine milliuii pages of the Scriptures in the
New Testament and diflerent Ijooks of the Old."
Returning to this cmintry in 1840, fllr. Osgood was
appointed an agent of the ^Missionary Union foK
Western New York ; after seven years his field was
changed to that of New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, and the District of Columbia, his I'Csi-
dence being at l'hibidi'l|ibia. In 1800 ho was ap-
]iointed district secretary' for the West, with his
residence at Chicago. This was his work until Jiis
death, — a period of tifteen most laliorions and useful
years. lie was a man greatly beloved in all rela-
tions, a devout Christian, a judicious adviser, en-
ergetic, indefatigable in service, with a singular
faculty lor engaging the confidence and intrri'st of
all whom he approached.

Ottawa tlniversity was originateil in 180O,
under the name of the Kogor Williams University.
During the lueoting of the Kansas Baptist State
Convention, held in Atcheson in 1800, tiio location
of tlie institution was discussed. Several places
desired to secure it. Rev. John T. Jones, a dele-
gate from the First Baptist ehiirch of Ottawa (In-
dian), infornicd thi- Convc'iition that his people for
some time had filt the nerd of a school of high
grade, and, as tb(>y were all l!a|)tist.s, they would
unite with th(!ir white brethren in their ciliicaticJiial
ellbrts. In December, 18(10, the trustees of the
projeeteil university visited the Ottawa nation, and
after a full conference with these Indian liaplisls

they agreed to give 20,000 acres of tlnnr land, then
worth something over !5i20,OOt), to aid in tiie new
(educational enterprise. This proposed contract be-
came a law in I8(i2. in 18lj.'j the name of Roger
Williams was dropped, and the institution incorpo-
rated under the name of the Ottawa University.
The change took (ilace in compliance with the ex-
press wish of the Ottawas, who desired to perpetu-
ate their name. Owing to the disturbed state of
the country the institution was greatly impeded in
its progress until 1805. The college edifice was
completed in 1809, at a cost of $40,000.

It is located near the thriving city of Ottawa, Kan-
sas, some fifty-five miles southwest of Kansas City.
It has an endowment of 040 acres of choice bin<l,
on a part of wdiich the university stands. The
buildings are large and substantial stone struc-
tures. There were ninety-three students in attend-
ance last year, to whom Dr. P. J. AV'illiams, the
president, and his able assistants gave thorough
instruction. The institution needs an endowment
that'would enable it to increase the faculty and to
meet all current expenses without annual appeals
to the churches and its friends. Dr. Williams is
unusually well qualified, by talents, acquirements,
facility for imparting instruction, and executive
ability, for the position he occupies. The vigorous
and expanding Baptist denomination of Kansas is
in great need of the universit}'. 'fhe friends of
truth could not make a better investinent than to
])lace a generous endowment at the service of Ot-
tawa University.

Ottumwa, Iowa (pop. 9018), county-seat of
AVapello County, has two Baptist churches, 'fhe
first was constituted in 1855, and has a present
membership of 139. The Second was constituted
in 1809, and is still a small com|iany. There is
also a colored Baptist idiureh of twenty-one mem-
bers.

Overby, Rev. R. R., was born in Dinwiddle Co.,
Va., Oct. 12, 1S2T ; was a licensed preacher in the
Methodist Church ; he was baptized in Petersburg,
Va., in July, 1850; spent two years at Richmond
College, and served as pastor cd' two colored
churches in Petersburg while at college; served
as age'iit of Jlurfroesborough Female Institute in
18.'V8 ; S(ettled us pastor in Elizabeth City in 18f)9,
and, with the exception of a year spent as agent of
Wake Forest College, has lived and laboreil for
twenty-one years in the section where he now re-
sides. A man of power with the people, ami pos-
sessing many noble (|U!ili(ies.

Owen, Alfred, D.D., was bom in (,'hlva, Me.,
July 20, 1.S29, where he spiMit his boyhood and re-
ceived his aea<hunical education ; graduated fjom
AVaterville (Jollege aftcu' u lijur year.s' course of
study, in 1853 ; taught an academy two years at
Bridgeton, .Me., and in 1855 entered iVewton Theo-

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0 WEN

O WENS

logical Scuiin;iry ; supplied the Iligli Street cliurch,
of I<yiin, Mass., Jiiriiig a large part of liis seini-
luiry emu'se, and litH'iiiiio pastor of this oluircli on
Ids graduation, ii] ISfiS. In lS(i7 ho left Lynn and

AUREl) OMEN, D.D.

liecame pastor of tlie Lafayette Avenue church,
Detroit. Mich., where he remained until July, 1877.
The following two years he was pastor of the Uni-
versity Place church, Chicago, 111. In IS79 ho was
elected president of Denison University, 0., which
position he still holds.

Dr. Owen has written much for the papers, and
has given courses of lectures in Ministers' Insti-
tutes, as well as before the students of Chicago and
Newton Theological .Seminaries. He has had largo
experience in educational work, is a scholarly
writer and preacher, and gives great satisfaction
as a college president. Kalamazoo College con-

ferred the honorary degree of D.I>. upon him in
1,S71.

Owen, Rev. Ezra D., was born near Norristown,
I'a., in 18(1'.). Jlis parents came to Scipio, N. Y.,
in 1810. Ho was converted and joined the ]5a])tist
church of Venice in 182(). lie studied in the
common s<du)ols and under Dr. Smith, ami was or-
dained at Branchport in IS.'JU. He was pastor at
liranchpca-t live year.s. In 18,'i5 he and his wife
came by carriage to Springfield, 0., where he served
as pastor one year. He camo next to Cincinnati,
and soon bad an appointment from the American
IJaptist Homo JMission Society to go to Kiebmond,
Ind. lie labored there two years, and was called
to the pastorate of the church at iMadison. He
served this church as pastor ti;n or twelve years, in
the nuian time undertaking the issuing of an Indi-
ana Baptist newspaper, — the Aiiicriciin Missem/er.
i\l'ter puljlishing it at Madison for about three
years, he removed it to lndiaiui|iolis in the fall of
I84('). During the time of his editorship at Indian-
a[iolis he was also under appointment Ijy the
American Baptist Homo Mission Society, and
founded the Baptist church at Evansville. The
American Meascnger was sold to the Cross and
Jonriitil, of Ohio, and thenceforth the name was
the Journal and Messenger, lie then was called by
the Lafayette cliurcli, which he served three years,
after which be was invited back to I\Iadison, which
he served till his death, Sept. 26, 18.52.

Owens, Deacon Benjamin W., was bom in

South Carolina in 1818, lived in Alabama and Ar-
kansas, where be was baptizi.'d in 1835, and settled
at .Stockton, Cal., in 18.')U. He helped to organize
the ijrst Bajitist church in that city, bought a
house for its worship, helped to build another,
and paid several thousand dollars for erecting an-
other. In 1868 he settled in San Francisco, and
was a, deacon of the Tabernacle and Columbia
Square churches many years. lie is a generous
layman, active on mission and educational boards,
and never mure happy than when engaged with
others in revivals.

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PAGE

878

PAINE

P.

Page, Rev. J. — t^ew ministei-s in Florida luive
been more useful than Rev. James Page, pastor of
the Baptist (colored) cluircli at 'rullahassee. For
about I'orty years he has labored in the city and
vicinity, and wlicther as a slave or frocdman, has
coininandcd the respect and contidence of all classes.
Nor is his inlluence confined to his immediate sec-
tion, it is felt for good among the coloreil ISaptisls
nearly all over the .State. He visited 'rhoinasville,
(la., in 18C0, and, by invitation, preached accept-
ably to the white congregation. Mr. Page is a
man of good sense and observation ; he is an earn-
est student of the Bible, and he has long been
an acceptable preacher of the gospel, lie is a man
of large I'raiJie, robust constitution, and though
f/Ovf quite an old man, is the unaided pastor of a
church numliering some 12(J0 members.

He has been for several years the clerk of the
Bethlehem Association, a very large body, and the
first organized by the colored Baptists of the .State.
lie is a progressive man, the friend of education,
and bus earnestly favored the etfort to build up a
scliool for the special benefit of tlie ministry of his
race.

Page, Lady Mary, the wife of Sir Gregory
Page, was brcjught to the .Saviour in early life.
.She examined the baptismal question, ami the
grounds for dissenting from the Episcopal Church,
for five yiCars, and, having decided that she could
not make any improvement upon the Saviour's ex-
ample, she was immersed by Mr. Maisters, in the
presence of more than two linndrcd spectators.
Further reading, esjiecially during a jirotracted
sickness, but confirmed her in lior religious prin-
ciples and in her attachment to her church home.
Says one who knew her, " Her constant regard for
tlie church, her tender concern for pastor and
people, her uncommon benefaction upon their re-
moval hither, dcsi'rve a |iarticular ackrH)wledgment,
as does also her further bounty giveti in her last
will for the relief of the poor members. .Slu; dis-
tributeil vast sums of money in so silent away that
' her left hand knew not what her right hand did.' "
.She endured severe afflictions with heaven-given
patience. .She iMiJoyed a clear hope through the
blood of the l.aiiib, and without a struggle she fell
a.sli'i>|i in , Jesus, March 4, 17-8. She was buried in
Bunhill-fields, in London, in which city she died.
.She was a great ornament to lier holy profession ;
she lived in the hearts of the members of her church,

and in a multitude of other hearts. Mr. Richard-
son, her pastor, preached a funeral sermon for her.
Mr. Harrison, a neighboring Baptist minister,
preached another funeral sermon to commemorate
God's grace in her holy life and death. And he
delivered a funeral oration when she was interred;
he also composed an ode in honor of the deceased,
in which be says, —

" At lengtli tlie Iieroiric'a crowneil. Her ininierona foea,
Willi wliuiii blie loiii^ coiiHicted, are sulnlueil ;
UiidtT Iicr I'eit tliL'y'ro liii.l, wliile Blie, in sttiiiliB
Aiigt-lic, aings tliii praises uf tlio Lurd."

Page, Stephen B., D.D., was born in Fayette,
Me., Oct. hi, 18U8 ; spent bis early life in the family
of Rev. Justin Fdwards, D.D. ; was converted tit the
age of eighteen, and united with the Baptist church
iit Hartford, Conn., being the first person baptized
by Barnas Sears, D.D., then just ordiiinod ; pur-
sued his preparatory studies tit Hamilton, N. Y.,
and graduated at \\'atcrvillc, Me., in 1835. After
spending one year in teaching, entered Newton
Theological Seminary, which lie left in 1839. In
Septemlier, 1839, became pastor at Masillon, 0.,
and iti 1S44 tit Wooster, 0., where he remained
six years. In 18.50 took charge of the Norwalk,
0., Baptist church, and in 1854 of the 'I'hiid
church, in Cleveland, where he continued with
much success until 1801, when he assumed liie
jiastortil care of the Seccmd (now Euclid Avenue)
church of Cleveland. This church ttt t,he time of
his settlement was hetivily in debt and apparently
neaV extinction, but under his well-directed lal)Or.s
grew largely in numbers and strength. In 18G6
he resigned this pastorate, and engaged in a suc-
cessful effort to com|)lcte an endowment of l?100,000
for Denison University. .Shortly after this lie was
appointed by the American Baptist Home Mission
.Society district secretary for Ohio and West Vir-
ginia, this latter State being subsc(|uently, how-
ever, given to another, and Indiana iind Michigan
added to his field. In this work he continued nearly
twelve years, during which time he collected over
IjilOO.OOO for home mission work.

Feb. 1, 1880, Dr. Pago resigned Iiis secretaryship.
He continues to reside in Cb-veland, lieiug with one
exception the oldest resident minister in the city.

Paine, Rev. John, wtis born in Pomfret, Coiiu.,
in 1793; baptized in 1813, by Rev. Amos Wells •,
united with the Baptist church in Ham[)loii, Conn. ;
onbiiiicJ and settled jitistor of the same church ii»

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FAINTER

879

PALM Kit

ISI'J, luul reiniviiioJ eight years; in 1827 reiiidved
to AulMini, Mass., tliuM to ^V^a^^l, Mass., wlici'c he
labored ten years; subsequent pastorates were in
lio/.rah, Conn., lour years; in Soutli Woodstoek,
eleven years; in I'aekersville, Conn., live years;
always a eloso student, clear thinker, instrnetive
|)reacl]er, jndieious pastor; reinored to I'restou,
Conn., in 1SG3, where lie died April 2'J, 1SI)4, ag(Kl
seventy-one ycuirs. His daughter iMary married
Hev. 0. W . (lates, now oF Calilornia.

Painter, Mr., and the Persecuting Laws of

Massachusetts. — In 1014 the (ieneral Court cd"
Massachusetts deidded " 'J'hat il' any perstin or
yiersons within this jurisdiction shall either o^x'/i/^
cotuUiiiit (ir uj/pvse tlie tiap/iziiKj uj infants, vr ijo
about secretin to seduce others from the approbat ion
or use thereof, or shall purposely depart the coiujre-
gaiioH at the ministration of the ordinance, or shall
deny the ordinance of magistracy, or their lawful
right and authority to make war, or to punish the
outward breaches of the tirst table (of tlie ten com-
mandments), and shall a|ipear to the court wilfully
and obstinately to continue therein after due time
^nd means of conviction, every such person or
persons sliall be sentenei'd to lianishment." Mr.
Backus, speaking of this wicked law enacted by
our Congregational bi'Cthren, says, " I have dili-
gently searcheil all the books, records, and papers
I eould come at upon all sides, and have found a
ijreat number of instances of i?aptists suffering for
the abovt! points that we own." Baptists " refused
to countenance infant l)a|itism and the use of secu-
lar force in religious affairs," and Bacdius found
many cases of jiersons persecuted by law for op-
))Oslng infant Ijaptisrn in the methods specified.
]'aint(>r, in 1044, "a poor man, was suddenly
turneil Ainibaptist, and having a child born, would
not suU'er his wife to carry it to be baptized. He
was comjdained of for this to the court, and en-,
joined ]>y them to suffer his child to lie baptized.
And because he refused to obey them therein, and
fold them it was an antichristian ordinance, Ihei/
lied him iiji and wiLipped him, which he bore with-
out Uinching, and declared he had diviin; help to
support him." (»ov. AVinthrop says that "he lie-
longed to Hingbam, anil that ho was whipped for
denying the Lonl's tn-diiiancr." (Histiu-y of the
IJaptists in New Kngland, by Isaac liackus, i.
1.27-S. Newton.) This stinging argument brought
no conviction to the mind of Mr. Painter, and it
only showed the dearth of Scriptural reasons for
the infant rite, and the lack ofjustice and common
sense in those w ho tried to secure ]iersuasion with
the lash. More than a liundred years earlier the
same kind of argument was freely used it\ Switzer-
land, and in our own tinii^s force has lironglit the
Baptist infant to the Ibnt in Gcririany. Hot this
old 'argument of the liighwayman will gradually

fall into disuse as men see its worthlessncss and its
thorough wickedness.

Palen, Rev. Vincent, was bom Jan. 17, 1810,
in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., of .Methodist parents. He
experienced religion in I82S, although he did not
then make a |)ublic jirofession. In 1S33 he became
a full member of the Methodist Episcopal (Muircli,
and a pri^acher. After lilling acircuit appointment
he held a ju'otracted meeting at McAllister's church,
near Harrisburg. Pa., at which 120 persons pro-
fessed conversion. From these converts a church
was organized, of which he was chosen pastor.
Some of the candid.ates for membership refusing to
accept sprinkling as baptism, he was led carefully
to investigate the subject of ba|.)tism, and Ijecamc
convinced that immersion is the only Scriptural
mode. He was l)aptized in the Susquelianna Kiver
at Harrislairg, by Rev. E. Thomas, a Winebrenna-
rian minister, and was ordained to the ministry in
that body. ^Vftcr a jjastorate hero of sixteen
months (during which a meeting-hmise was built),
followed by a brief engagement at Baltimore, he
united, in 1843, with the High Street Baptist church
in that city. May 25, 184;), after wliieli he was or-
dained, Hev. S. P. Hill, D.D., preaching the ser-
mon. From this time until the outbreak of the
war his time was divided among evangelistic, mis-
sionary, and pastoral laliors. The beginning of
the war found liiiu at Portsniouth, Va.,froiu which
he was sent to Richmond, and imprisoned as an
" alien enemy." He was, however, soon released,
and on reaching Washington was appointed a lios-
]ii|tal cha|ilain. lie disdnirged the duties of this
ollice with elliciency and unflagging zeal. In this
and other ways he rendered very important service
to the government during the great struggle. At
the close of the war he was, with one exception,
the last hospital chaplain inusteredvout of the ser-
vice, and he was then transferred to tlie regular
army as post chaplain. In December, 18C9, in con-
sequence of chronic ill health, he was at liis own
request retired from active service. He has since
resided in Camden, N. J. As his health permits
he continues to fill up the measure of his useful-
ness bv iireacdiing and other Christian ministries.

Palmer, Albert Gallatin, D.D., son of Euther

anil Sarah (Kciiyim) Palmer, was born in North
Stoiiington, C ., May II, 1813; experienced re-
ligion at nine years of age ; baptiz(!d by Rev. Jon-
athan Miner, in 1829; joined First Baptist ehurch
in North Stonington ; began early to jireach, and
supplied fir a year the church in Andover, (\inn. ;
pursued acadcmii-al sfndies at Kingston and Paw-
tucket, Pi. I., ami Andover, Mass. ; preached for
First Baptist cluindi in North Stonington, by
which liody he was oidained in 1834 ; was pastor
of First' Baptist cliureh in Westerly, R. 1., from
1837 to 1843, and blessed in his work ; pastor of

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>'ri',,;.iiii-i.i , I'l'i, t .,!'

PALMER

880

PALMER

Stonington ISiiroiijrh fliiircli, Ooiiii., from IH4.' to
l.SW, iiTiJ priiti|i(;r(.'il ; onjoyeil three revivals of
power; (jaslor of tlie cliurcli in Syracuse, N. Y.,
for tlirue years ; pastor at liiidgcport, Conn. ; pastor
for tliree years at Wakefield, R. I., and shared large
revivals; in 1S61, by urgent solicitation, returned
to Slonington Hiirougli ; rich and cnnstant Messings
followed ; h(^ is here now lalioring with great honor,
having served at this jxjst twenty-seven years ; re-
ceived from Madison University the honorary dc-
gi'ee of Doctor of Divinity ; in 1844 piil)lished a
small volume, " The Early Baptists of Connecti-
cut;" in 1872, a " Historical Discourse" (Centen-
nial), given before the Stonington Union Associa-
tion ; above one hundred sermons and sketches in
the Christian Serreiury, of Hartford, various mis-
sionary (lapcrs of worth, numerous poems and son-
nets, and a superior translation of '' Dies Irre ;" is a
preacher of remarkable gravity, unction, and earn-
estness ; ))0ssesses marked talents, guided by strong
faith ; fur years was president of the Conneclieut
Baptist State Convention ; always a strong advo-

AI.llEKT OALI.ATl.V I'AI.MEIi, D.D.

cate of education, temperance, and missions; a
leader among Connecticut Baptists.

Palmer, Ethan B., D.D., was born in Auster-
litz, N. Y., Maridi 12, l.S.JIl ; Imptized at East Hills-
dale in 1852; graduated from Madison University
in 1860, and from the seminary in 1803 ; was or-
dained in the city of New York, Jan. 6, 1864;
labored in Newbern, N. C, and at other idaces.
In March, l!S72, he began his pastorate of the First
church, Bridgcton, N. J., where he continues.

Nearly 200 have been l)aptized since his labors
in Bridgeton began, the membership has almost
doubled, and the work of (he church has been very
much enlariicd. In connection with the S<iutli

; i.i'<^

ETHAN li. PALMER, D.D.

Jersey Institute, .Mr. Palmer has found a large field
for his labors, and his counsels on the denomina-
tional boarils are very serviceable.

Palmer, Henry, M.D., an eminent and widely-
known physician and surgeon of Janesville, Wis.,
was))orn in New ilartfortl, Oneida Co., N. Y., July
;!(), 1827. He is a son of Deacon Ephraim I'almer,
a well-known Ba|itist of Edgerton, Wis. His father
was a farmer, and Henry assisted in the manage-
ment of the farm until he was nineteiMi years of
age. During the winter he attended tlie district
schools of liis neighborhood. He subsequently
completed a full course of studies at the Academy
of I'azenovia, N. Y. From his early boyhood ho
earnestly desired to prepare liimself for the medi-
cal profession. Owing, however, to his want of
pecuniary resources he was obliged to delay his
cherished plan, and several years were devoted to
other pursuits, cliiefiy teaching school. In 1851
he entered the office of Drs. March and Armsby, at
Albany, N. Y., botli of whom were distinguished
jdiysicians and professors in the Albany Jledical
College, from which he graduated in 18u4. In 1857
he established himself in Janesville, AVis., where he
has built up a very extensive local practice, and in
surgery his field covers the State at large. Since
the death of Dr. E. B. Woleolt, of Milwaukee, he
ranks as the leading surgeon in Wisc<uisin.

V •,' HV 111 ■ ' '

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■viill-.'i .«'i

PALMER

881

J'ALMER

On tlie otitbi-eak of tho civil war in 1801, Dr.
Palmer oflurcnl his services to the State, iiiid was
coininisKi(]ii(Ml surgeon of the 7th Wis. Ile^imeiit.
Siih.s(Miuciitly he was appointcil director of the
Iiospital .service in Haltiiiiore. He was al'terwanls
transferred to tho same service in York, I'a. At
tliis jidst lie remained two years. When Gen.
Ia:i;'» army eonimeni'rd llie inva.-iion of I'ennsyl-
vania, York fell into their haiiils, anil he was taken
)irisoner, but escaped during the jirouress of the
battle of Gettysburg, and immediately took posses-
sion of his hospital, tillinj^ it with the wounded from
the battle-tield. In March, 18i)4, he was assigned
to duty as medical inspector of the 8tli Corps of the
Army of the Potomac. He continued in tliis posi-
tion nntil tlie end of the war, when he was ordered
to Chicago to close up the medical department of
the Western district. This service performed, he
returned again to the practice of his profession in
Janesville, Wis., having won honorable distinction
in the arm}', and the highest place in his profession.

For many 3'ears Dr. Palmer has licci\ a Baptist.
The numerous demands made upon his time by
Ids profr.ssional engagements jirevcnt his shar-
ing largely in the active work of the cliurch of
whicii he is a member. lie is a man of e.xeniplary
life, thorough conscientiousness, and earnestness in
his profession. Twice his fellow-townsmen have
elected him nmyor of the city. During the late
war l)etween Turkey and Russia, Dr. Palmer went
to Europe for the purpose of visiting the hospitals
of the contending armies, to acquaint himself with
the latest results of the science of surgery attained
by the profession in those countries. lie was
freely passed through the lines, and allowed every
facility for accomplishing liis oljject.

Dr. Palmer has won an envialilo position, but at
fifty years of age, in tine physical licalth, with un-
impaired mental powers, he may be said to have
but entered upon his professional career. His past
sidendid success justifies the hope of his friends
that his future will be brilliant, and of still larger
usefulness to his fellow-men.

Palmer, Rev. Lyman, was born in Dutchess
Co., N. Y., Aug. Ill, 1818; his jjarents were lioth
Bajjtists, and their Iiome was a place of hearty
welcome for ministerial brethren at all times. In
his early years he listened to many theological
di.scussions in the quiet old farm-house of his
parents. After repeated struggles with liis con-
science, aroused liy tlic truth and the Holy Spirit,
lie became a suliject of redeeming grace at the ago
of nineti'en. H(! at once urnted with the Baptist
church in East Hillsdale, Columbia Co., N. Y.
Soon after making a profession of religion, he had
deep convictions of duty in reference to preaching
the gospel. The salvation of his soul was so
precious an event that lie felt he owed his best

services to the Saviour, who had redeemed hiui.
A sense of uniitnoss and of tho magnitude of tho
work at first appeared an impassable barrier.
Through increasing light ho was brought to say

REV. I.V.MAN' I'.M.MLR. ■ •- ■ < . ■

from the heart, " Yes, Lord, I will do anything
thou requirest." After a few months he received
a license from tho church and a call to suiiply their
pulpit.

He entered Madison University in the autumn
of 1843. He had previously attended an academy,
whore he had made some proficiency in Latin and
Greek. After one year of close application to study
his health became so precarious that he left the
university, and read Greek and llelirew with a ]n'i-
vate teacher, and at thosame time studied theology
with his pastor. On Lord's day he supplied desti-
tute churches. In February, 18-15, he was ordained,
that ho might go to Iowa as a missioimry of tho
American Baptist Home iMission Society. Before
he was ready to journey A\'est he was prostrated by
fever, and thus prevented I'rom entering his chosen
Held. With returning health he entered upon
missionary work in Columliia Co.. N. Y. Here tiie
work of the Lord )irospered in his hands, blessed
results crowning his liibors. Ho organized a
church, nearly all of wlujm were converted and
baptized under his ministry. In I80I ho received
an ap))ointment from thi; American Baptist Home
Mi-ssion Society to lalmr in the Territory of Minne-
sota. In November, ISol, he started for the hills
of St. Anthony, but having to cross tlie State of
Illinois with a wagon, he did not reach the Missia-

.1

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PALMER

882

PARK Ell

sippi at Galena until iifter die last Iioat of the season
hail gone up the river, lie remained in (lalena
du.riiij^ the winter and supplied the Baptist pulpit.
His lirst sorjiion in St. Anthony wuh preuohed on
lionl's (lay, April 'M, ISoli. The church was suuill,
and in ddit lor their uiilinishcd chiipcl. After three
years' hard laljor the church incre;|sed to a nieni-
hcrship of fiT. lie then went up the river fifteen
miles, to the town of .Vnuka. Here he preached
in private houses, or in school-houses, or on hoard
of steamhoats, as opportunity presented. After
three years' untiring' lahor a good meeting-house
was dedicated, aTid, l)y the generosity of friends,
was soon free from deht. lie served the Anoka
church eight years, leaving them with a good work-
ing meinjjeiship (if 51). A part of the time during
the war, teaelnn's heing very scarce, he engaged in
teaching. In .Vugnst, 1864, he commenced lahor
as colporteur of the American Baptist Publication
Society. With the e.xception of about one year, ho
labored either as colporteur or Sunday-school mis-
sionary until 1875. While in the employment of
the society ho traveled 36,700 miles, distributed by
sale and donation 12,700 books, 423,000 pages of
tracts, besides selling and giving away many Bibles
and Testaments. These were years of severe ser-
vice, traveling in all weathers, by night and by
day, summer and winter, lodging in all manner of
places, yet they were happy years, for muc'h good
was accomplished in them. JMany Christians were
strengthened, the weary and heavy-laden were
pointed to Christ, and Sunday-schools and churches
were organized for the Master.

Palmer, N. J., Esq. — .\mong the departed
worthies of our Zion this earnest man deserves
honorable mention. He was a lawyer, an editor,
and sometimes preached. For many years he was
secretary of the Bajjtist State Convention, North
Carolina, and a trustee of Wake Forest College.
He was a devoted Christian, and died where he had
lived for many years, in ^Iilton, in 1855.

Palmer, Rev. Wait, the first pastor of the First
Baptist church in Nurtif Stonington, Conn., was
ordained in 1743, at the same time that the church
was organized ; remained pastor twenty-two years ;
|ireacbed often in destitute regions; ])a()tized I'ev.
Simeon Brown and Kcv. Shubal Stearns ; was an
actor ill the great " New Light," or Separatist
movement; also an active patriot in the Revolu-
tion,'soon after which he died. The Baptist min-
istry in Cinneeticut ha.s been honored by the
Palmers: Christopher Palmer, ordained in 1782;
Abel Palmer, in 1785: lieuben Palmer, in 1785 ;
Gresham Palmer, in 1805 ; Phineas Palmer, in 180S.

Palmer, Rev. William, son of Rev. Abel and
Lois Palmer, was li(jrn in Colchester, Conn., Sept.
10, 1785; was a student from boyhood; was con-
yerted and baptized at the !ige of eighteen ; re-

ceived a license arid commenced preaching at the
ago of twenty; in 1807 was married to Sai'ah Ben-
nett, sister of Revs. Alfred and Alviii Bennett ; in
1809 was ordained at (,'olchi!st(!r, sermon pre;ichcd
by Rev. .Samuel Bliss, of Stallbrd ; settled in Ash-
ford, Conn., anil labored three years ; settled in
his luitive town and preached ten years; from 1824
to 1834 was p;istor of the First Uaptist church in
Norwich, Conn., succeeding Rev. -lohn Sterry ;
blessed with remarkal)le revivals in 1829 and 1832,
in which he baptized more than a hundred ; three
years with the church in East Lyme, Conn.; four
years with the church in North Lyme; revivals
attended his labors ; again filled the pastoral otKce
in \orwicli from 1841 to 1845, when impaired
health compelled his retirement from the pulpit
except occasionally. He was lovely and loved,
meek, quiet, fervent, and faithful. Passionately
fond of study, he held a high rank as a preiieher.
For twenty-five years ho was the clerk of the New
London Baptist Association. He died in Norwich,
I'ec. 25, 1853, at the age of sixty-eight, an<l after
a ministry of forty-eight years, and was buried in
Yantic cemetery.
Parker, Rev. Carleton, was born in IIo[ikinton,

Mass., Nov. 30, 180l'i, and was fitted for college at
South R(!ading and Amherst Academies, lie grad-
uated at Waterville Cullege, now Colby University,
in the class oi' 1834. He intended to have entered
the ministry on graduating, but the state of his
health forbade him, and he devoted himself to
teaching for nearly twenty years. Four years ho
was the principal of the Vermont Literary and
Scientific Institution at Brandon. From 1841 to
1844 he had charge of Groton Academy, in the
State of New York. For throe years he had a
'■ Home School for Boys" in Framingham, Mass.
Feeling that the state of his health now warranted
his entering the ministry, he was ordained pastor
of the Baptist church in Wayne, Me., in .May,
1852. Ho held this relation until September, 1856,
then went to IL^bron, Me., where he was the pastor
for seven years. His other pastorates were in
Maine, at Canton, Norridgmvoek, and North Liver-
more, where he died, Aug. 22, 1874. By his will
he bequeathed several thousand dollars to lour of
the benevoh^nt societies of the denomination which
he h.ail served so hjiig and so well.

Parker, Hon. D. McNeil, M.D., deacon of the
Baptist church, (iranville Street, Halifax, Nova
Scotia, was born in 1822, at Windsor, Nova Scotia ;
graduated M.D. from the University of Edinburgh,
Scotland, in 1845; returned immediately to Nova
Scotia, and has ever since been practising his pro-
lession in Halifax with high reputation for skill ;
is a iiKMubcr of the Li'gislative ('(luncil, a governor
of Acadia College, and a liberiil supporter of all
donominational objects.

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PARKER

883

I'AUKFAllSM

Parker, H. I., D.D., was bom of pious pivrents
at Ciivenaisli, Vt., Nov. 12, ISl'i. At tlio wga of
ei^lituoii lie w;is converted, ami four years later
wa^ bapti/.eil by llev. Joseph I''reeiiiaii, D.D. After
two years' stiuly at the Norwieli and the lihiek
River Academies, and one year at Dartmouth Col-
loi^e, lie spent two years as instructor at " Tlie Okl
Cambridge Latin School," graduated at Harvard
University in IS40, and studied tlieology at New-
ton. He was oidained at Factory Point, Vt., in
January, 1S42, and was pastor at Burlington, Vt.,
from KS44 to 18.54, when ho removed to AViseonsin
to aid in establishing the Baptist Institution at
Beaver Dam, and was pastor tli<M-e from 185t) to
1801, when, on account of ill health, he removed to
Austin, Minn. Here he preached at six different
stations, where as many churches were afterwards
organized. In 1872 he settled in California, and
has ministered to the ohnrches at Visalia, Santa
Barbara, and .Santa Anna. During the thirty-eight
years of his ministry he has enjoyed many revi-
vals, laid the spiritual foundations of many new
churches, built four church edifices, helped to en-
dow and nuinage two institutions of learning, and
was for eight years a member of the Minnesota
State Normal Board. In May, 188(1, California
College conferred upon him the degri^e of D.D.

Parker, Rev. James, was born in 1812, in Ayles-
ford, iNova Scotia; converted and baptized in 1828;
he was ordained May 19, 1842, and became in 1843
pastor of the Bajitist church (jf Brookfndd, Queen's
Co., Nova Scotia ; of the Third Cornwallis church
in 1855; of the Third Ilorton church in 1870; of
the Kentville church in 1874; died Juin? 20, 1S7().
His was a useful life and ministry.

Parker, J. W., D.D., was ordained and settled
as [lastor of the I'ir.st Baptist church in Cambridge,
JIass., in 1830, and continued to serve in that re-
lation with success during twenty years. At the
close of that long pastorate he became secretary of
the Northern Baptist Kducation Society, which po-
sition he held about ten years, five (d' which he was
pastor of the Shawmut Avenue Baptist church, in
Boston. In Janimry, 1805, he resigned the pastor-
ate of tliis church, and entered upon the work of
establishing schools for training colored men as
preachers, and young men and women as teacliers,
among the I'recdmen of the Southern States. In
tliis labor Dr. I'arker continued about five years,
visiting all the Atlantic States numy times, intro-
ducing teacliers into destitute fields, and organizing
schools in many towns and cities. While thus oc-
cupieil his health failed, owing to overwork, liard-
bliips, and exposures. Settling down for a while
on a small farm in Maryland, be engaged in con-
stant out-ibxn- work, and soon regained his usual
health. He was then invited to aitcept the jiastor-
ate of the Calvary Baptist church in Washington,

I). C, which he did, occupying the pulpit for about
six years with marked success. At the close of this
)ieriod, feeling the need of rest and change of cli-
mate, ho visited Kumpe, where he rcnmined up-
wards of a year. Soon after his return bo was
urged to become the pastor of the K Street Bajitist
church, W^ashington, D. C, which he eonsentcil to
ilo, and he still holds that ])Osilion. While residing
in Massachusetts, Dr. I'arker acted for a period of
sixteen years as a member of the executive com-
mittee of the American Baptist jNlissionary Union,
and in 1849 be was delegated by that body to rep-
resent them at the first Baptist Association held
in Cermany, at the old city of Stettin. Accompa-
nied by that pioneer German missionary, the Uev.
J. G. Oncken, he visited the Ba[itist missions in
Denmark and Germany. The missionary stations
in Franco lie visited with the Rev. Erastus Wil-
lard. From these visits he gleaned many interest-
ing facts which were of great use to the committee
in the prosecution of their work in those fields.
Dr. Parker stands deservedly veij' high among his
Baptist brethren, as well as among liis friends in
other denominations, who have long known and
acknowledged his sterling worth.

Parker, Kev. Uriah H., an aged Baptist min-
ister residing in Bi-adley ('o., Ark., settled in this
part of the State iibout 1840, and shortly after gath-
ered Shady Grove church in the southern part of
Bradlej' County, the oldest missionary Baptist
church between the Ouachita and the Mississippi
Rivers. An anti-mission church was gatliered at
Warren a few years before, but it is long since ex-
tinct. Mr. Parker also gathered another church
in Bradley County, which was afterwards dis-
solved. He united his labors with Royal in Drew
County, and Tommic in Bradley, and by their com-
mon labors the foundations of many of tlie oldest
(djurehes in Bartholomew Association were laid.
lie often preaches yet with great earnestness and
power.

. Parker', Rev. Willard G., was born in Annap-
olis Co., N(jva Scotia, April 4, 1810 ; converted
and baptized in 1828; ordained pastor at New Al-
bany, Jan. 28, 1843 ; was ptistor at Saekville, New
Brunswick, seven years, and in i\<iva Scotia at the
following places: Nictaux, seventeen years, also
of Mitton, (Queen's County, Lawrencetown, Valley
West, and Pine Grove churches ; baptized over a
thousand converts ; died Dec. 6, 1878 ; an eminent
minister of the gospel.

Parkerism in Indiana. — I . The Doctrine.— Go<\
never made a creature tliat will sulfer eternally.
All tiio elect were created in union ^vith Christ,
and so ho was bound by coviuiant to redeem them.
These are tlie "good seed." The non-elect are the
children of the devil, begotten in s(jme mysterious
manner of Eve. Tliese are the '' bad seed."

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rARKiniRST

884

PARKS

2. 'I'/ie Man. — Reared on the fi'onticrs of Georj^ia,
" lie was without edueatioii, uncouth in niaiuiers,
slovenly in dicss, diminutive in person, and un-

|)re|iosrtessing m appearance.

His enthusiasm

Ijordered on insanity. In 1819 ho came into Indi-
ana from his home in Illinois, and at once began to
attract attention. He ojiposed missions, e<lucation,
and .Sunday-schools.

.'1. 'J'/ie Motlce. — lie sought notoriety as a writer,
and was anxious to use the columns of the Culuin-
biaii S/ar, puldishcd in Washington <-'ity. His
articles were rejected. In his revenge he attacked
not only the ))aper, hut all it advocated, such as
missions, education, etc.

4. I'/ie Effect. — Scores of churches and hundreds
of members were drawn away after him. And they
went so far as to pass resolutions denouncing mis-
.siuns, etc. But finally those churches died as a
]iro|ier result of their heinous heresy. Parker was
oxcluded from his own church.

Paikhurst, Eev. Jabez W., was bom in Mid-

tlletuwn, (.'oiin., Jan. I(», iMIi'i. At the age of
twenty-two he united with the Baptist church in
his native town. In the fall of IS3I ho removed
to Newton, Mass., littcd himself to enter the theo-
logical institution there, and graduated in 1836.
Fur seven years after his graduation he was the
pastor of the church in Tyngsborough, JMass., and
at the end of this period became pastor of the
church in WiiSt Dedhani, Slass. Ills pastorate of
this church contirnie(l for -six years, and was closed
in consequence of his ill health. He was chosen
an agent of the American Baptist Home Missionary
Society, and performed the duties of his olfico for
fotjrteen years. Having closed his relations with
the society, he supplied dillorent churches for a
time, hoping that his health would be so far re-
stored that he would be able to resume Ids pastn-al
work. This hope not being realized, he acei'iiied
an appointment as an agent of tlio Hancock .Mu-
tual Life Insurance Company, a position which he
occupied until bis death, Maridi I'J, 1871.

Parkinson, Rev. William, wa^ bowi in Fred-
erick (!o., Mil., Nov. 8, 1774. He was convicted
of sin in his twentieth year, and in June, 1796, he
was baptized by the llev. Absalom Bainbridge, in
Israel's Creek, in his native county. He was or-
dained to the Christian ministry in April, 1798.
He delighted in preaching as an itinerating home
missionary, a practice very common among our
Baptist fathers, and greatly blessed. In December,
1801, and for "three successive seasons," during
Jefferson's administrations be was " a chaplain to
Congress.'' He was chosen to this position by a
large majority, and without solicitation on his part.
On Lord's day morning he preached in the Capitol,
and in the afternoon in the 'treasury. He says,
" The members of Congress attend abundantly

better than I expected ; I have, nujreover, the
pleasure of stating that the President has missed
but one of my meetings at the Capitol."

On the 20th of December, 1804, Mr. Parkinson
came on a visit to the First Baptist church of New
York; after preaching to their great satisfaction
for about six weeks, he received an earnest call to
become tlndr pastor. Karly in April ho accepted
tlie call, and very soon after a powerful revival of
religion cann; down upon the church from the
throne of grace, and it continued for several years,
adding large numbi;rs to the menibcrship of the
church, and giving a ghiricnis impetus to Baptist
inlluence, and ell'urts, and jnaycrs in Now York.
His congregations were very large, and his sermons
swept the people along with him with resistless
force. He continued pastor of the First church for
thirty-five years, and then resigned, after which lie
went to Frederick, Md. In 1840 the Bethesda
church of New York City, composed chielly of
warm friends of Mr. Parkinson, recently connected
with the First church, invited him to become their
pastor. He accepted the ciall, and in 1841 com-
menced his labors. But soon a fall seriously im-
paired his health anil largely utditted him for
future pulpit efforts ; ho lingered along for several
years, and died March 9, 1848. The last words he
uttered were a declaration that " he was in the
arms of his precious Saviour." Daniel Dodge, of
saintly memory, pastor of the Second church of
Philadelphia, preached his funeral sermon in the
First Baptist church of New York.

Mr. Parkinson was endowed with a powerful
mind, <a voice said to be like Whitetield's, and with
a large measure of the grace of God. He had some
enemies that possessed a great faculty for hating,
and he did not always try to disarm them, but he
had throngs of warm-hearted friends who loved
him living and who bitterly lamented his death.

His published writings were " A Treatise on the
jNIinistry of the Word" and " Sermons on XXXIII.
Cliapter of Deuteronomy," in two volumes.

Parks, Rev. Harrison H., son of llev. Benj.

M. Parks, was born in Chitario Co., N. Y., March
1, 1815; joined Athens church, 0., in 1832; re-
moved to Illinois in 1834; helped to organize the
Whitney Grove church and the Old Salem Associ-
ation ; entered upon the work of pioneer preaching
in "the far West" ; and was ordained in 1847 by
the Black Creek church. Mo., of which he became
pastor. lie subsequently [ireached for thet^uincy,
Warsaw, Fall Creek, Laniarsli, Union, ntui Howard
Grove churches. III. ; was missionary of the Bur-
lington Association, Iowa, and of Betlnd church,
III., until IS7G, when he removed to tJalifornia;
has don(! much to encourage and build up feelde
churches; is now serving as pastor the church at
Willows, Colusa Co., Cal.

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PARKS

885

PATERS UN

Parks, Rev, James H., was bom in Now York
City, July 13, KS2y. lie waa fonvert(.Ml in tlio yuar
1847, and united with the Rcfoiniod Dutch Oliui'cli.
Sgon after lie eoinnienced a cuur.se ul' pi'cpanitioii
fur lUitj^ers ('olle^e, iiaving the tJhristian ministry
in view. lUit health failing, and n series of cir-
ounistunec.s arising which hrunght the suljjcet of
(/'hrititian haptisni to his utt(^ntiiin, he was conipelled
to make a thorough cxaminuliuii of K>cri|itural
teachings upon this subjeot, which resulted in his
being immersed on profession of faith on the lid of
July, 1854.

He afterwards pursued a post-graduate course at
Columbian College, Wasliington, i). C, and re-
ceived the degree of Master of Arts from that in-
stitution upon examination, lie was also honored
with the degree of A.M. from Princeton (College,
N. J. He was ordained to the mini.^try May l!8,
185G. He has been ))astorof the Baptist churches
at Stamford, Conn., Bedford, N. Y., Peniborton,
N. J., Manayunk and Calvary, Philadelphia, and
is now successfully laboring with the Linden Ave-
nue Baptist eliureh at Huyton, 0. He also per-
formed faithful service as a chaplain in the army
at AVashington, I). C, during the late war. His
jiastorates have been successful and ellicient. His
views of doctrine are clear, strong, and Scriptural,
and are always fearlessly enunciated. He is a
positive Baptist, perhaps the, more so because hii
own prejudices, instilled from early childhood,
were each successively reunived by a specific inves-
tigation and a conscientious study of ;lhe Word of
God.

Parmly, Wheelock H., D.D., was born in

Braintree, Vt., July -1 , b^lG ; gjailuated at Colum-
bia College, New York City, in 1812, and from the
theological department at Hamilton in 1844; a
classmate of George C. J5aldwin, of Troy, and
others; spent se\eral years preaching in Louisiana
and Mississippi, and for three years was jjastor at
Shelburne Falls, Mass. In 18.50 he took charge of
the chui'ch in Burlington, N. J., and in 1854 he
accepted a call to the First 'church of Jersey City,
of which he remains the beloved, . honored, and
successful pastor. 'L'hc city has grown rapidly, and
the First church has become largo and inlluential,
sending out otl](U- churches, winch are useful and
prosper(jus. He ri'ceived the degree of Doctor of
Divinity I'nun Mailison University in 18G7. Dr.
Parmly has exercised an extensive inlluence in the
moulding and upbuilding of the missionary ami
educational institutions uf the State. He has a
place on the board of the American Baptist Home
Mission Society. Ho i.s loved by his own penple
ami iionorcd by the denomination in the State.

Patch, Rev. George Washington, was born in

Bostiui, Api'il 'Ml, bSlT; pursiiol his preparatory
studies in Wakelield, Mass., ami New London,

N. IL lie was a graduate of Brown University in
the class of 1839. Having taken the course of
theological study at Newton, be was settled first at
Weiiham, Mass., and then at Sharon, i\Liss. From
this latter place he was called to Marblehead, Mass.,
where he had a long and most useful ministry of
twentj'-six years, and ceased to preach only umler
the pressure of fatal disease. He iHimI, with
scarcely a moment's warning, Dec. 'J5, 1875. Few
ministers have left behind them a better record
than he.

WIIEEI.OCK H. I'AKMl.Y, D.D.

Paterson, James, D.D., of Glasgow, ScotlanG,
was fur fifty years pastor of the first regular Bap-
tist church in that city, lie was born in 1801 a:
Dumbarton, and received his early education at the
burgh school, then, as now, of cunsiderable reputa-
tion. At first he thought of devoting liinisclf tc
the medical profession, but during his university
course he connected himself with the Glasgow City
Mission, and eventually entered the ministry. He
had joined the Scotch Ba|itist Church, but never
enibraced their views of church jiolity. In IX'Ii
he hired a room and began to preach. A riumber
of university students came to the poor rocjm, r.
kind of lol't, and, after seeing the (ilace and the con-
gregation, they said, ''You never mean, Paterson,
to make a kirk out of that 1" But he did, and the
ehurcdi which originateil with thrive members grad-
uallv grew strcuig and inlluential, and is now the
largest Baptist cliunli in Scotland. He rendered
eminent service to the interests of the denomina-
tion, and for many years superintended the tlico-
logical education id' students for the Baptist

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PA TIRNT

886

PATRICK

ministry in Scotland. In 1850 he undei'tonk tlie
cditorsliip uf tliu Srollish Ttmjteyanre Jieoicw, and
subsequently ho edited the Scottish Review. Ilia
ministry was characterized by solidity and strenjitb,
and his lil'e was sinj;uiarly uprij^lit, and marked by
a severely conscientious rej^ard lor duty and intoj^-
rity. In every tliinj; he ]iut bis band to Ih-. I'atur-
Kon y)roved liiiMself " a workman ^^■ho nccdetii not
to be ashamed." In the later years of bis lil'e be
was aided in tb(! |)astoral care of tlio cbureli by the
Kov. James (Jubross, D.I)., as junior pastor, but he
continued to minister to bis charge until within a
short period of his departure, which took place on
Jan. 2'.l, ISSO.

Patient, Rev. Thomas, was bom in England,
and educated, we have no doubt, in Oxford or
Cambridge. lie became a Congregational ist, and
emigrated to New England. After laboring in the
ministry on this side of the Atlantic, lie was con-
vinced that the Saviour and his apostles were Bap-
tists, and he frankly avowed liis convictions, lie
was immediately subjected to violent persecutions,
and to escape them he returned to England.

In 1G40 he was appointed co-pastor with Mr.
KilTin in London, where he labored for some time.
Parliament having voted that six able ministers
should l)e appointed to preach in Dublin, at a sal-
ary of £'-!O0 per annum, to be paid from the lands
formerly owned by bishops, deans, and chapters,
Mr. Patietit accepted one of these positions, which
was offered to him. In the capital of Ireland he
became a very )i(jpular preacher, and so gifted was
lie as an eloquent speaker that at times he traveled
much through the country, preaching Jesus wher-
ever he went to delighted throngs of British set-
tlers.

In Dublin be acted as chaplain of Col. John
Jones, who was marrieil to a sister of the Protector,
and who occupied a seat in bis " House of Lords."
And such a favorite was he with Col. Jones that
he selected him to preach before him and the coun-
cil every Sunday in Clirist church cathedral. This
church was coinpleted in 1038, and it was repaired
and extensively improved by the celebrated English
invader of Ireland, Str.ingbow. In it be was buried
in IITf), and his niomimerit is the chief attraction
at this day of a superb churcli. In this grand old
temple, before the governor of Dublin and the ^lite
of Anglo-Irish society, Mr. Patient proclaimed a
living gospel. lie was on friendly rfdatioiis with
Oliver Cromwell himself, as the following quota-
tions from a letter written to the Protector by him
■will show :

"Mv Loiti), — From that little acquaintance I had
with your excellencj' before you went out of Ire-
land, and the suitableness I found in that letter of
your experiences, of which I was made a partaki'r,
compared with my observation of the goings of

God with you for many years, in this great work
in which (jlod bath made use of you,' it bath, in-
deed, very thoroughly confirmiSd my heart in eliar-
ity and love towards you, as one elect and precious
in the sight of (Jod. . . . Truly (<od hath kept the
heart of my lord deputy close to himself. ... I
am at )U'esent, and have been at the headquarters
ever since a little before my Lady Iretou (Crom-
well's daughter) came over. I do by good experi-
ence find, so far as I can discover, the power of
God's grace in her soul, a woman acquainted with
temptations and breathing after Christ. And I
am ]iersuaded it hath jdeased God to begin a work
of grace in the soul of Col. Henry Cromwell, your
son. ... I watch him, and be is crying much to
God in secret. . . . Your grandchild hath been
very weak, hut it is recovered. ... 1 think I shall
be at Dublin with my lady (Ireton) this summer."

This letter shows that Jlr. Patient had received
an epistle from Cromwell, and that be was inti-
mately and religiously associated with several
members of his family at that time in Ireland.

Mr. Patient baptized a large number of persons
in Dubliti. lie was a wise and experienced Chris-
tian, and he rendered substantial service to the
Saviour's kingdom in Ireland. He died July 'M,
lOtJG, and the Lord was with him as be passed from
this world of the dying into the heaven of the
living. Ilis only published work was a quarto
volume on baptism.

Patrick, Prof. John B., is a native of Barnwell
Ooniity, the -garden spot of South Cartdina. He
grailuated in the State Military Academy in IS.'i.'J.
From 1850 to 1858 he was tutor in Furman Uni-
versity. In 1850 he was second lieutenant and
Assistant Professor of Mathemtitics, and then Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and first liiMitenant, until the
war closed the academy. He was with the cadets
during their active service.

In 18()G be was principal of the preparatory de-
partment of Furman University. In 1870 be o]iened
the Greenville High Selmol, and in 1.ST8 ho con-
verted it into the Greenville Military Institute. He
is a very modest man. Those who know him think
that few men in the State have exercised a better
or more extensive inUuence over the young men
who are assuming the places of the old as they pass
away.

Patrick, Saint, the Apostle of Ireland, was

of Scotch birth. His proper name was Succathns;
the n.aiiie by which we designate him is of Latin
or\g\n ; pair icius means noble, illustrious ; it was
a surnamo and a title of honor at the same time
given to him by his grateful admirers. Patrick
was wild and wicked until his sixteenth year, when
he remembered the (Joil of liis fathers and repented
him of bis sins, and enlisted in the divine service.
There is no 'M-ound for doubtinir )jut that ho

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PATTERSON

887

PATTISON

pleached the gospel of repentance and faith in
Ii-ehmil, and tiuit liis niinisti-ations weio attended
Ijy ovorwhcdiiiiug Miiocess. There are iiucounts ex-
tant uf a niuiiljer ol' his baptisms, Ijiit they are all
iiiiiiiersiuns. There is one liaptisni mentioned by
Neniiiiis (History of the ]5riton.s, p. 410. 15olin,
)..onilon) and by Todd (St. J'atrick, apostle of
Ireland, p. 449. Dnbliii), and loiind in many
othirr histories, of wliieli O'Farrell writes (I'opu-
hir Life of St. Patrick, p. 110. New York, lHti3),
"When the .^aint cntereil Tirawly the seven sons
(of Ainalj^aidh) assembled with their followers.
Profiting by the j)resence of so vast a ninltitude,
the apostle entered into the midst of theiii, his sonl
inflamed with tlie love of God, and with a celestial
coiirai;e preached to them the truths of Christi-
anity ; and so powerful was the effect of his burn-
iiij; words that the seven princes and over twelve
thousand more were converted on that day, and
were soon after baptized in a well (a spring or
fountain) called Tobar Enadhaire, the well of Enad-
haire." A number of other fountain baptisms of
St. Patrick may be found in "The Baptism of the
Ages," pp. 62-70. Publication Society, Philadcl-
jiliia. We have strong reasons for regarding St.
Patrick as a Baptist missionary, and beyond con-
tradiction his jjuplisiu was immersion.

Patterson, Rev. John W., was born in New
Kent Co., Va., Dec. 14, 1850. lie was ba|itized in
18()8, entered the llichmoud Institute, and was
graduated from the same in 1874. lie served as
missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission
Society for some time, and was ordained in July,
1872. He was soon called to the pastorate of tlie
First Baptist cliurch (colored), Danville, Va., where,
ihiriiig five years, ho has had abuiidant success,
having baptized nearly one thousand persons. He
has, been greatly honored by liis people, and fills
a wide sphere of usefulness. He is an excellent
preacher, and quite a vigorous writer, several of
his sermons iiaving been published and widely cir-
culated. He is deeply interested in all good move-
ments, and is a trusted leader among his people.

Pattison, Robert E., D.D., was bom in Benson,
Vt., Aug. I'J, INOO. His mother was Sarah Everett,
daughter of a physician ; liis father was a Baptist
minister, and Robert was his second son. lie united
with the Baptist Church when a young man, and
soon gave up business for an education to enter
the ministry. lie pi-epared for college, and entered
Amherst in 182(5; stood second in a class of forty.
He was tutor in Columbian Cnllege, M'ashington,
I). C, then Professor of Mathematics in AVaterville
('olh'gi;, .Me. He was pastcn- in Salem, Mass., then
at Providciice, I!. I. In lS.3(i he became president
of Watervilb^ Cnllege until it susjiended fur want
of means, in IS!',',). He ociaipied the |iul[>it of the
Second Baptist church for a year, and returned to

his former charge in Providence. In 1842 ho be-
(tame secretary of the home department of the
American Baptist Missionary Uniiui. This posi-
tion was urged upon him, and he reluctantly left his

KOIiERT E. P.n'TISON, D.D.

church in Providence to fill it. Alter three years
of service he was re-elected secretary, but accepted,
in 184,5, tlie presidency of i;he Western Baptist
Theological Institute, at Covington, Ky. This
school was sus|iendeil by local dilliculties, "and Dr.
Pattison for six years was a jirofessor at Newton
The(jlogical Seminary. Then he resumed, bv re-
quest, the presidency of Waterville College, and
held the oHice until failing health caused him to
retire from labor for a time. He removed to
Worcester, Jlass., to jiass his days free from care,
but in two years he assumed the proprietorship of
Oread Institute.

In the fall of 18lJ4 he was a Professor of Theol-
ogy in Sliurtleff College. In IS70 he removed to
Chicago to become a professor in the Union Bap-
tist Theological Seminary, where he remaiued until
his last illness. In the summer id' 1874 his ener-
gjes began to give way, and after a protracted ill-
ness he died at the residence of his eldest sun, in
St. Louis. Dr. Pattison hd't as his only literary
monument a " CcMiimentary on the Kpistle tn the
E|iliesiiiMS." Few men have impressed their views
more deoply upon others. In all circumstances he
possessed a resolute hoperulucss and a firmness in
adhering to his cotivietions of right and duty. His
powers of persuasiiMi wiu'e reiiiarkiilile, and his life .
was one of gr(;at uscfuluess and of devoted piety.

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PATTISON

888

PATTON

Pattison, T. Harwood, D.D., was born in P^ng-
land in Kcoeiubor, I.S08. Jlo was educated by ]iri-
vatc tuition, and at tlie London University Scbool ;
studied areliiteetiire for lour years in London; spent

T. IIAIiM'(IOI) I'ATTISIIN', I). II.

four years at llegent's Park Baptist College, Lon-
don, fVoui wliieli lie graduated in 1.SC2; was pastor
at Neweastle-on-Tyno and Uoehdale, in England.

In |S74, during a tour in tlio United States, be
received a call to the pastorate of tlie First Baptist
cluircli of New IJaven, Oonn. Alter returning to
England he accepted the invitation, and eanie to
tliis country again in JLircli, 1875, and settled in
New Haven. His brilliant pastorate in that city
attracted the attention cif intelligent Baptists every-
where, and when, in I87'J, the I'earl Street eluireh
of Allmny, \. Y., wanted an nnder-shepherd to
succeed Dr. Bridgnian, and fill tlie position which
had been occupied by some of the first ministers
in the Baptist dcnoininntion, they c.\tended a call
to -Mr. I'attison. His labors in that city have in-
cri;ased his reputation as a line scholar, an eloipient
preacher, ajiidiciotis pastor, and a gospel laborer
upon whose elforts the favor of heaven specially
rests. ' He received in 188(^ the degree of J)octor
of Divinity from .>Lidison University, and he has
just been chosen U> till one of the most important
chairs in Kochester Theological Seminary.

In the history of our den(niiinali(Hi in this country
no man has ever accpiired mu-Ii ilislinguished suc-
cess in a shorter lime than Dr. I'attison, and im
one more richly <leserves it. Those best acipiaintrd
with him anlici[iate an unusually bright future for

him, rich, in the fruits of ripe scholarship, great
modesty, ardent piety, and intellectual powers of a
high order.

Dr. I'attison, in 1872, published "Present Day
Lectures." He is the American correspondent of
The Freeman, one of the organs of the English Bap-
tists.

Patton, Alfred S., D.D., was born in Sufl'ulk,
England, Dec. 25, 1825, came to America when a
child, and was educated at Columbian College,
^V'ashington, D. C, and Madison University, N. Y.
He received the degree of Master of Arts from the
former, and Doctor of Divinity from the latter.
After graduating be spent some months in Europe.

He was settled as pastor in AVest Chester, I'a.,
then in Haddonfield, N. J., then for live years in
the First Baptist church of Hoboken, N. J.

In ISo'J he acccjited tin; pastorate of the cliuroh
in Watertown, ALiss., and for 1802 and I8li.'^ was
the chaplain of the i\[assachusetts senate.

hi lM(i4 he accepted a call from the did Broad
Street church of Utica, N. Y. While there the
church liuilt the spacious and attractive house of
worship known as the 'fabernaclo Baptist church.
It is located in one of the linest sections of the city.
His labors in the new Held met with marked suc-
cess. Dr. Patton is an aide preacher, and was a
good pastor, possessing remarkable tact and superior

.M-FUEO S. PATTON, ll.D.

social qinilities. He has been industrious with tiie
|ien. lie is the author td' the Ibllovving works:
"Kiiicaid, the Heru .Missionary,'' '' Tlii^ Losing
and 'faking of Man-Soul, or Lectures un the Holy

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PATTON

889

PAULLIN

War," "Light in the Valley," "Live for Jesus,"
" My Joy and my Crown," and smaller works
published by the American Tract Society. lie also
ountributed articles for the Christian I'ericw on
" The Inlluence of Physical Debility on Ueli^'ious
Experience," and " Dreams, their Nature and
Uses," also for the Boston Rcviau, an article on
■■ Liberal Iloligion," and for the Comjregalional
Jieview, one on " The Tenijitation."

In 1S72 he purchased the American JitqUist, and
soun after ehanged its form to a quarto and the
name to the Baptist Jfcclili/, since whicii time that
journal has taken high rank among Baptist peri-
odicals, lie is a firm supporter of all the great
enterprises of his denomination, and though kind
and considerate tu all Christian communities, he is a
strrnuous suii]>ortor of Baptist doctrines and polity.

Patton, Rev. Garrett R., pasmr of the Baptist
church in Juda, Wis., was born in Fayette Co.,
Pa., in April, 1811. He passed his youth in the
place of his birth, and was educated in the common
schools of his neighborhood. In IS.'iO he made a
profession of religion, and united with the Bap-
tist church in Sniithtield, Fayette Co., I'a. He
was licensed to jiroach the gospel in 18!>9, and or-
<lainod by the church with which he united when
converted. He was pastor of the Mcinougahela
Baptist church in 1839. In 18-l.j he removed to
Juda, Greene Co., Wis., and becaaie pastor of the
Baptist church in that place, in whicli relation he
has remained until tlie present time. He gathered
-atul organized cluirclics iu the same county at Mon-
tieollo, Wyota, anil Monroe. He luis held the same
pastorate longer than any minister iu Wisconsin.
He is a faithful and successful preacher of the
gospel. His ministry has Ijccu fre({uentiy blessed
with revivals of great power. In his seventieth
year he is preaching with much acceptance to one
of the largest churches in the State.

Patton, Rev. John, was born in 1752, in Kent
Co., Del. He was baptized by the Rev. Abel
•Griffith, of AVelsh Tract, in 1789. In 1793 he
settled in Shamokiti, Pa., and became pastor of the
church formed the following year in that place.
In 1809 he removed to Fayette Co., Pa., and as-
sumed jiastoral care of the iMount Moriah Baptist
church. This relation continued until his death,
in 1839, aged eighty-seven. Half a century was
given to the ministry, an<l judging from the warm
expressions of aged members, both in the Eastern
and the Western (ield he oceu|)iod for so many years,
he must have been a man of more than ordinary
ability and of great activity. An the founder of
the ancient church of Shamokin his memory will
not perish. Thirteen children and a very larg(!
circle of grandchildren, as well as the church ho
so faithfully served, mourned his loss. One son,
Jauuis, became a preacher, as did also three graud-
67

sons, — John P. Rockafeller, (}. R. Patton, and Wm.
R. Patton. The latter is a graduate of the univer-
sity at Lewisburg, and a graduate of the Crozer
Theological Seminary. He is now pastor of two
churches, the Flatwoods, Fayette Co., and the
Greensborongh, Greene Co., Pa., ami is highly
ri'sp(;cted as a Cliristian, a minister, ami a citizen.

Paul, Rev. Thomas, a gifted and eloiiucnt
colored preacher, was born in Exeter, N. II., Sept.
3, 1773, and at the age of sixteen became a Chris-
tian. At the ago of twenty-eight he commenced
)]reachiug, and was ordained at Nottingham West,
N. II., May 1, 18U5, and soon after became the
]>astor of the African Baptist church in Boston,
where he remained for more than twenty years.
He had a fine, commanding presence, and a fervent,
lileasing address, so that his preaching was exceed-
ingly attractive, and crowds came to hear him
wlien he ])reached, as he frequently did, in the
towns about Boston. Genuine revivals of religion
occurred under his niitiistry, and he was highly
respected and beloved wherever he wetit.

Mr. Paul was much impresseil Avith the need of
evangelical labor in the isUmd of Ilayti, and in
1823 he offered himself to the Massachusetts Bap-
tist Missionary Society as a missionary to the
people of that island. He was accepted, and on
reaching the field of his labor, addressed himself
with great earnestness to his work. But his igno-
rance of the Fremdi language maile it impossible
for him to reach the pcfjple whom he was es|iecially
desirous of inlluenclng, ami he returned to this
country, once more to piciach tlie gospid here.
It has been said of him, " lli^ was not an ordi-
nary man. For without the advantages of a good
education in early life he became distinguished
as a yireacher. His understanding was vigorous,
his imagination was vivid, his personal appearance
was interesting, and his elocution was graceful.
We have heard him preach to an audience of more'
than one thousand [lersons, when he seemed to
have- comnnind of their feelings fur an hour to-
gether. On baptisnuil occasions he was truly elo-
quent. His arguments were unanswerable, and
his appeals to the heart were powerful. The slow
and gentle manner in which he placed candidates
under the water and raised them up again pro-
duced an indelible impression on the spectators,
that they had indeed seen a 'burial with Christ in
baptism"' " Mr. Paul died April 14, 1831.

Paulicians.— See .'Vlbjcensks.

Paullin, Rev. James Stratton, was bom in

Eufaula, Ala., June 7, 1^37, and united with the
I5a]itist church in that place in 1853 ; ordained in
1858'; then became pastor of the church in Clayton,
where he renniined until 1873 ; n^moved to Midway,
and was pastor there for four years; then pastor
of Broad Street church, Mobile, otie year; then

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PAVEY

890

PEARCE

returned to liis old cliarf^e at Cliiyton, wlioro he
remaiiia. Mr. Paulliii is an earnest Oliristian and
a tl]civ(iiij;h liaptiht, a workinj; ]jast()r, and a good
prcaeliei- of llie gospel.

Pavey, Rev, Charles, was liom in Kn^dand,
and licensed to preaeli liy tlie KiCty-third .Street
(dmroli, New York, in IS-I'.). In lS(i() lie was or-
dained, ami he timk eluir;^e ol' Ihe llilltown eliundi,
Bucks Co., Pa., where he died in 1871. His min-
istry as a licentiate and as a pastor was greatly
blessed. He had an unusual measure of consecra-
tion to God. His views of the doctrines of sover-
eign grace were eniirunitly Scriptural, ami his pres-
entation of theiM was very earnest and ell'ective.
'I'he llilltown chur(di, so hlcssed hy the laliors of
Father Mathias, felt the death of Mr. Pavey to be
a heavy afllictioii. His memory is warmly cher-
ished by the people and church of Hilltowu.

Paxton, Rev. James Edwards, a useful pio-
neer liaptist prciiidicT in North Louisiana, liy whose
labors many of the chMr(dics in liieiiville, Natchi-
toches, Jackson, Claiborne, and liossier Parishes
were founded, was born in Kentucky in 1S20;
aided in the orgiini/.ation of Ked River Association
and the Louisiana Baptist Sfate Convention, and
as financial agent of Mount Lebanon University
raised the principal part of the endowment of that
institution. Removing to Texas, he bc^came in
succession pastor at Anderson, Washington, Inde-
pendence, and Brenhtim ; died in 1876.

REV. WII.I.HM ED\V.\RnS PAXTON.

Paxton, Rev. William Edwards, was born in
Little Rock, Ark., in 1820; graduated at (Jeor^e-

town College, Ky., under the presidency of Howard
Malcom, D.lJ., by whom he was liaptized in ISdri;
removed to Louisiana in ISo:!, ttnd engaged in the
practice of law; during tln> war served, with the
raidv of captain, in the Confederate army ; entered
the ministry in 1804 and bceaiue pastor at Miiiden ;
in 1871!, president of Shreve)iorl University; in
1877, corresponding B(!eretary of the Southern liap-
tist Publication Society; in 1878, took charge of
the Centennial Institute, Warren, Ark., where he
now (1S8U) teaches and preaches. He has con-
tributed largely to the denominational literature of
the South. Besides many articles as contributor
or editor, he is the author of the following works:
" Rights of Laymen," " .\postolic Church," " Faith
ii Prerequisite to Church Membership," a premiun>
essay published by American Baptist I'uldication
Society, and " Lndless Retribution," He is one
of the ablest an<l nnist cultured ministers in the
Baptist denoini nation.

Pearce, Rev. Samuel, of Birmingham, Eng-
land, was born in Plymouth, July 20, 17()6. In
boyhood he occasionally had distressing convictions-
of sin. '\\'hcn he was fifteen years of age he was
in the house of a dying man, who, in despair, ex-
claimed, ■' I am dannied forever." As the words
fell upon the ear of the j'outh he was filled with
horror for the fate of his father's dying friend, and
with anguish for his own guilty state ; and though
his distress on account of sin grew less, it was not
until about a year after, when the sermon of a man
of God made him grieve over sin more deeply than
over, iind pointed out to his hopeless soul the-
wounded Saviour, that the truth as it is in Jesus
gave him peace. His heiirt was full of Christ, and
Com]iletely relieved of all fears. He was blessed
with full assurance of faith, and as a result, with
joy unspeakable iind full of glory.

Soon after this he made a covenant with Jeho-
vah, signing it with his own l)lood, ])ledging him-
self comjiletely to the t.,ord. But though his heart
was full of ardor, and his resolution firmly taken,
it would seem that he trusted too much to himself,
and he partly broke his vows; in consc(iuence of
which ho was overwlii'lim.'d with despair, until the
cross with the agonizing Redeemer took the place
of his violated coveinmt as his great source of com-
fort.

He was educated for the luinistrv at Bristol Col-
lege, and during his stay there he was often en-
gaged in preaching Jesus to the poor and neglected
in and around that city, and his grand theme on
these occasions was ''The Sacritlee of Calvary."

In the latter part of 1789 he was ordained pastor
of the Cannon Street church, Birmingham, where
his ministry was continued till ho rested from his
labors and his pains.

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I'ECK

reference to Ariiiiniaiiisin and Souiiiianisni : he
was then a young man weighing for tlie iirst time
tlie shrowiiest sopliisti-ies of the eiKMiiics of tnitli.
15iit he was coiiipietely cured Ijy a dangerous mal-
ady which seized him, in (lie distresses and a|)pre-
heusions of whicli lie saw that " his diligence,
failhfulness, and unspotted life" were no pi'ops tn
sustain a departing soul, that only the omnipotent
and guilt-atoning Saviour could protect him, and
from that moment the jierfect Lanih of his Iirst re-
ligious experience was his whole trust till he met
him face to face.

lie was the friend of Carey and Fuller liefore
Carey wont to India, and hi! was one of the warm-
est advocatc^s of hireigu missions that dwelt on
earth since the Son of Mary came from his lieav(!nly
home on a foreign mission to this lost world.
During his whole life after entering upon the min-
istry, and while his health was unhroken, he had a
continual struggle aljout going out as a missionary
to India. His popularity as a ininistei' was im-
mense, his peojile loved him tenderly, his useful-
ness showed that the seal of Uod was deeply im-
pressed upon his ministry. "The hoard of the Mis-
sionary Society, at his request, gave an opinion
upon his duty to go to the heathen, and their de-
cision was that as he was more useful to foreign
missions in England than he could he in India, he
should remain in IJirmingham; nevertheless, his
heart was in India with his friend (Jarev until he
was carried by angel.s to his Saviour's presence in
glory. lie rendered effective service to the cause
of missions by his eloquent appeals in Birming-
ham and in various parts of England, and also in
Ireland. And in 17'J4 he wrote to Dr. Rogers, of
Philadelphia, and made a rousing ap])eal to him to
try and secure the formation of an American Bap-
tist Foreign Missionary Society.

Jlr. Pearce died of consumption, Oct. 10, 1799,
after a ministry of only ten years. His last illness
was full of liupe, patience, and the Icive of Christ.

lie had great faith in prayer, and he carried
everything to the .Saviour, with whom he wrestled
with persevering importunity till the Lord revealed
liis will, lie continually tiiirsted for the presence
of God; life was nothing without it, nor any
amount of earthly success or joy. His peace was
unusual, and it was apparent to all that knew
him. He was sure that his Saviour loved him, that
nothing could hurt him, and that he had a home
and a divine welcome awaiting him in the heavens,
and he was one of the hap|iiest of men. His hn'c
for God was all-engrossing and ever-enduring, and
his love for men embraced every one, and in need-
ful situations would give everything. IL; was like
Eenelon, Robert Murray .McCheyne, of Dundee, or
the apostle John, the friend of God ami the frienil
of man. And in his ten years' ministry he left an

impression that lives in Birmingham, and in many
[larts of England to-day, though he has been in his
grave for eighty-one years. Measured liy useful-
ness instead of years this young ]iastor preached for
at least a century.

Peat, Rev. J. B., was born in England, Sept.
2-1, USH'.. Ills lather died in ISIS, imd his mutlier
in 1S24, and he was thus left an orphan at an early
age. ^\merica had such attractions lor the boy that
he emigrated to the New ^Vorld ill his young man-
hood, and when converted gave his whole heart and
service to the cause of Christ, and won for himsell
much esteem as a zealous and conscientious preacher
in some of the Western States. About the year
1870 he visited Callfnrnia for his health, and re-
ceived much benefit. He became (lastor at the city
of Red Bluir, where he died, Nov. 15, 1876. He
was very active in temperance and other reform
movements. He was the author of the following
published works: "The Bajitists E.Kamined,"
"Sure," and " I'arsonage Penciliings."

Peay, Rev. John M., was born in Rutherford
Co., Tenn., Jlay 19, 1832. He removed to Ken-
tucky in his youth. After attending the common
schools, he finished his education, under the super-
vision of Rev. Dr. J. S. Coleman, at Beaver Dam,
Ohio Co., Ky. He united with the Sandy Creek Bap-
tist church in ISoo, was licensed to preach in 1854,
and was ordained at Beaver Dam in 1857. In
1858 he took charge of the Baptist church at South
Carrollton, where he still labors, lie has been pas-
tor of three other churches most of the time since
he was ordained. He is a powerful and practical
]ireacher, and has been a very successful jiastor.
He is a vigorous writer, and has |iublished several
works, which have met with popular favor. He is
also senior editor of The Student, an educational
journal, puldislied in South Carrollton.

Peay, Rev. Richard Dawson, A.M., brother
of Joins M. Peay, was born in Colfee Co., Tenn.,
Nov. 1(1, 1846. Ho was ba|itized into the fellow-
ship of Green River Baptist church, in Ohio Co.,
Ky., in 1864. Entered Bethel College in 186(),
graduated with the honor of .his class in 1871, was
ordained at South (Janollton in 1872, and im-
mediately took pastoral charge of the Portland
Avenue Baptist church in Louisville, Ky. After
remaining three years he accepted a call to the
church in Henderson, Ky. In 1879 he became the
princi|ial ol' the high school in Henderson, mean-
while preaching on the Lord's day to the church
at that place.

Peck, Rev. A. C, was born Juno 25, 1846, at
Munson, Geauga Co., 0. ; graduated at the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin in 1866 ; taught high school
at Freeport, III., one year ; united with the Baptist
church there, and was licensed to the ministry ;
took a three years' course in the theological semi-

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PECK

S92

PECK

nary at Roeliestor, N. Y,, graduating in 1870; was
callud to tlic |)Ustorate at Miiiiirord, N. Y., but, on
iicuount of ill iiealtli, did not entur upon it; caino
to Kans^as in 1S71 ; engaged in teaching and farni-
ing. In 1872 taught in the university at Ottawa,
and was called to the ])a.st(jrate of the IJaptist church
there; ordained in January, 187^^; resigned on ac-
count ol' I'ailirig health in Ih7l; elected superin-
tendent of schools of Franklin Co., Kansas ; called
to the First I5aplist church, Lawrence, Kansas, in
Octoljer, 1875, where he still ministers.

Peck, Rev. Elijah, was liorn May 3, 1707, in
Warren, Conn. Early in the spring of 1795 he
removed from Cooperstown, X. Y., into the " Beech
AYuods," and settled iu Mount Pleasant, Wayne
Co., Vm. This journey, in comininy with his wife
and three children, he performed with an ox-team
and sled; modern luxuries were then unknown.
• In June, 18U(J, he received ordination. From
March 3, 1808, until liis decease, March 16, 1835,
he was the esteemed pastor of the IMount Pleasant
church, but, like all pioneer ministers, he |)erfornieJ
a vast amount of work in regions round about.
■' Ills general appearance indicated great activity
and power of endurance. His voice was musical
and ]ileasaut, an<l his manners affable and mod-
est." "He moved in a sphere of great useful-
ness," and "served his own gtjneration by the will
of (Jod."

Peck, Rev. John, was horn in Milan, Dutchess
Co., N. Y., Sept. 11, 1780. He found full relief
from sin, through faith in Jesus, in his eighteenth
year, and was baptized. On tiie 11th of June,
1806, he was ordained as pastor of the First church
in Cazenovia, after preaching to the people for
eighteen months. This relation continued until
1835, when he resigned to give himself to more
extended usefulness. There was spiritual pros-
perity among his people when he left them, and
his ministry among them had been greatly blessed.
Sis churches were organized chiolly from mem-
bers dismisseil from Cazenovia, and fifteen of her
young men had been ordained as pastors of other
cinirches. It was the greatest trial of his life to
break the holy tie that united him to his dear
people.

lie was a warm friend of the Baptist Education
Society of the State of New York, which established
the ■ Hamilton Literary and Theological Society,
now JIadison University. He was an active sup-
porter of the Hamilton Baptist Missionary .Society,
which aoeouiplished a great work for tiie Saviour
over an extensive section of New York ; and when
it was merged into the Baptist Missionary Conven-
tion of the .State of New York, ho became the gen-
eral agent of the new body, and served for fifteen
yeai'3 with abounding success. Mr.- Peck was a
good man, full of the Holy .Spirit, whose name will

ever bo remembered witli gratitude in the wide
sphere in which his labors were performed. Ho
died Nov. 15, 1841).

Peck, John Mason, D.D., was born in the
parish of Litchfield, .South Farms, Conn., Oct. 31,
1789. His conversion took place in 1807, when ho
was eighteen years of age. He first united wilh
the Congregational church in Litchfield. lie-
moving, in 1811, to Windham, Greene Co., N. Y.,
he became acquainted with tiie Baptists through
the church, and through the pastor, Uev. II. Har-
vey, in the adjoining town of New Durham. He
had already Ijccomo doubtful of Pedobaptist views
and practices, and now, after further inquiry, hav-
ing fully abandoned those views, he was baptized,
Sept. 14, 1811, uniting with the church in New
Durham. On the next day, by invitation of the
church, lie preached his first sermon, and was im-
mediately licensed, and in 1813 was ordained as
pastor of the Baptist cluircli in Catskill. After a
brief pastorate here, and another at .\menia, in
Dutchess County, he acce|)ted an agency in be-
iuilf of foreign missions, laboring under the giiid-
ancc of llev. Luther Rice, lie then, Il~il6-17, had
a year of study under Dr. .Stuughton, of Philadel-
]ihia. He was tiien appointed a missionary of the
l)oard of the Triennial Convention, to labor in St.
Louis andVicinity. Thus began his Western career.
July 25, 1817, ho set out, with his wife and three
children, in a covered wagon, upon the long jour-
ney of 1200 miles to his field of labor, and on the
1st of December reached .St. Louis. His associate,
Rev. James E. Welch, had reached the field be-
fore him. In 1822 he became a resident of Rock
Spring, 111., and this remained his home until his
death.

At Rock .Spring, Dr. Peek, in connection with
his missionary labors, now under the appointment
of the Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society,
established a seminary for general and theological
education, being aided in this, to some extent, by
Eastern friends. The seminary was certainly a
successful one. It is said to have had at one
time one hundred students. As another sphere
of auxiliary labor, lie began, April 25, 1828, the
publication of a paper, — the Western Pioneer und
Baptist. His work in preaching, meantime, cov-
ered a very wide region ; while all the afi'airs of
the Territory, soon to become the State of Illi-
nois, engaged his intelligent and active interest.
In duo time the Rock Spring Seminary became
united with the seminary at Upper Alton, now
ShurtlclT College. Dr. Peck, aside from other
labors, wrote largely. Among his works were
"A Biograpfiy of Father Clark," "Emigrant's
Guide," "Gazetteer of Illinois," "Annals of the
West," and other works. lie died at Rock Spring,
March 24, 1857, in the sixty-eighth year of his

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PECK

893

PEDDIE

age. lie was a man of many remarkable quali-
ties, robuat in intelioet, stronfi; in purpose, pos-
itive in liifl opinions, ami bulil in tlieir u<lvocacy, a
born missionary, and a tlKji'ou^li-j^oinj; Western
man.

Peck, Solomon, D.D., was born in Providence,
Jan. 25, IS(li). He early developed a taste for
study, and was suiliciently advaneed to enter tlie
Sophomore elass in iJrown University wben lie was
but thirteen years of ago. lie graduated in 181(J,
taught in tiic University grammar-school and in
the college three years and a half; was a student
at Andover four years, and was ordained a minister
of the gos|iel in 1823. He preached for a short
time in North Yarmouth, Me., and subsequently
for one of the churches in Charleston, S. C. lie
was appointed Professor of the Latin ami Hebrew
Languages in .\mherst College in 1825. In 1S32
he visited France in the service of the American
Baptist Hoard of Foreign Missions. A connection
was thus commenced with foreign missions which
had its influence on what proved to be the great
life-work of Dr. Peck. As the secretary of the
executive boanl for twenty hard-working years he
performed an amount of clerical work of the mag-
nitude and importance of which few persons can
form any conception. lie performed not only this
home work, but, as an associate with the Uev. L)r.
James N. Granger, he traveled extensively in F,urope
and Asia, visiting the stations of the Missionary
Union, suggesting plans, setting things in order,
and in many ways doing what lay in his power to
advance the cause lie so much loved.

After resigning his position as secretary of the
board in Boston he spent some time at Beaufort
and Edisto Island, S. C, laboring for the mental
and spiritual improvement of tlu; colored race, llis
last public service was as chaplain to the Home for
Disabled Soldiers, in Boston, and as secretary of
the Freedmen's Aid Society. Dr. Peck died June
12, 1874.

Peckham, Rev. William Augustus, was born

in 181U, in Euclid, U., wliero he lived until he
reached manhood, when he removed with his pa-
rents to Ontario, N. Y. In early life he experi-
eiu:ed religion, and united with tiio Metlmdist
Episcopal Church. But about the year I83('i his
religious views changed, and he united witli the
Baptist church in Lyons, N. Y., whore he was tiien
residing. In 1840 he was licensed to preach, and
in 1845 was ordained by the Bajitist church in Cas-
sadaga, N. Y., where he was settled as yiastor. In
1847 he came to ^V^isconsin and settled in Jones
County, devoting his njinistry to the churclics in
Franklin ami Highland. 'I'lie following ynir he
removed to A/.tahm, Jell'erson Co., AYis., where lie
shortly afterwards died. He is remembered by the
older ministers of the State as a very earnest and

devout Christian minister, from whom much was
iioped in those early pinneer days.

Peckwoith, Rev. John P., was born in Eng-
land about 1771), and came to this country when he
was thirteen years of age. He united with the
First Baptist church in Wilmington, Del., but
afterwards he removed tu Philadelphia, and joined
the First church in that city. He was ordained in
1808, and the next year he and others formed the
Third Baptist church of Philadelphia, of wdiicli he
became the pastor. The new community prospered
greatly under his earnest and godly ministrations,
and became a strong body. In 1823 he went to
Baltimore, and after some other changes of resi-
dence and scenes of labor ho died at Wilmington,
INIareh 7, 1S45, in his seventy-fifth year, in the full
enjoyment of a lilosscd hope through the blood of
the Laml).

Peddle Institute. — Eaton's school at Hopewell
was licit forgotten \vhen Brown University tlour-
ished and academies grew in other States. In
1848 the subject of academic education was agi-
tated in New Jersey, and schools wcro begun at
Salem and Plainfield.

" In 1803 the following decisive action was taken"
by the Baptist State Convention held at Bordcn-
town :

" llesoloed, That a committee be ap)iointed to
take into consideration the desirableness and pro-
priety of making arrangements immediately for
establishing a Literary Iiisiilutioii under the pa-
tronage of our denomination in New Jersey."

The next year, 1804, the following was adopted :

" Resolved, That the elforts of brethren to estali-
lisli a first-class school at Ilightstown, to be under
the control of the Bafitists, meet the hearty ap-
proval of this body, and that we pledge to it our
cordial support."

Ill the month of March, 1866, a charter was first
obtained. In 1867 the subject of a new building be-
gan to be earnestly considered, and (two years after)
on Oct. 20, 1809, it was formally opened as "The
New Jersey Classical and Scientific Institute."

In 1872 the ciiarter was so altered as to change
the name to that of Peddio Institute, in honor of
its niuiiificent donor, Hon. T. B. Peddle, of Newark.
Mr. I'eddie's gifts and sukscription to this insti-
tute now amount to more than §50,000. And be-
sides him the names of such men as Colgate, Trevor,
Wyckofi", Van Wiekle, .Judges Bunyon and Cook,
Hon. D. .M. Wilson, Uev. W. V. Wilson, and many
others good and true, are to bo remembered for
their large donations, as well as the masses of
Baptists who gav(! liberally to secure tin; valuable
property at Ilightstown. Uuriiig its brief exist-
ence it lias furnished many students who in the
professions and in mercantile life have been a
credit to the school and the denomination. Under

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PKDDII'l

895

PEDDIE

I'rof. E. J. Avury and his corps uF teuolioi'S it is
steiuliiy proiirossiiig.

Tlio ljiiiiiliii<£ coiLsists of a ceiitro lunl wiiij^s in
liiii,'. It is L'of) IVet in lenu;tli, iive stories liigli, in-
cliiiling l)iisciiient iiTid iittic. Tlio tliroi! niiildlc
stui'ies of tlio wiii^s contain t'ij;lity-foiir rooms f(jr
stiidents and toacluirs, each room designed to ac-
coiiiniodatrt two occupants. In tlio attics arc the
rooms for the literary societies, and in tlie ladies'
l)iiil(lini;, the niiisic-rooins ; the rest is oceopied for
dormitories. The hasement in the north wing
eonlains the school-room ibr the primary depart-
ment, artists' rooms, suite of rooms for teaidiors, and
four rooms for students.

The kitchen, laundry, steward's private rooms,
servants' sleeping-rooms, and steward's office are
situated in the basement of the soutli wing. The
hasement of tiie centre contains tlie dining-room ;
the first story, the snnill chapel in the rear, and the
])arlors in front ; the second story, two school-rooms
in front, and three recitation-rooms in the rear ;
the third story, the laboratory and lecture-room in
the rear, and three rooms for librai'y cabinets in the
front. The attic is designed for a large chapel or
temporary gymnasium. AVater-tanks are situated
at the extreme ends of each wing, under the roof,
supplying water to each story, by means of (lipes,
fuinished with faucets, passing down thrinigh the
end rooms in front. These are also designed for
bath-rooms. 'I'he wliole building is heated by ap-
])aratus in the cellar.

Peddie, John, D.D., was born of Scotch parents,
in Ancaster, Ontario, May 24, IS.'W ; was converted
when seventeen years of age, ami pursued a full
course of study at Madison University and Hamil-
ton Theological Seminary, graduating from the
latter institution in 1.S65. Settled at Watertown,
N. Y., in ISO."), and remained nearly three years.
Became pastor of the Calvary church, Albany,
N. Y., in May, ISGS, and remained until March,
1S71, when he entered upon the pastorate of the
Fourth church, Philadelphia. Here he remained
for seven years and a half, when he received ami
accepted a pressing call to the Second church of
Chicago, 111. In the spring of 18.S() he became
pastor of the First church of Xew York City. Re-
ceived the degree of D.i). from Madison Universitv.
Dr. I'eddie possesses remarkable jiulpit power.
His originality of thought, his clear and manly
utterances, and his strong sympathetic nature en-
able him to present the "glad tidings" with an
almost irresistible magnetism. He has already
baptized nearly lOOt) converts, and has cheered and
strengthened ihe faltering faith of many of God's
children. The weak and the unfortunate always
find in him a true friend, and few men have so
largely won the love and r-egard of others. His
services have been in frequent demand on special

occasions, and by his sermons and lectures he has
been a generous helper to many enterprises beyond
the boundaries of his immediate church work. The
close of his pastorate in Fhiladelphia was made the

f'%^.

Jon.V I'EDOIE, II. I).

occasion for a special meeting of the Philadelphia
Baptist Social Union, at which the farewell greet-
ings were mingled with many tender and eloquent
testimonies to the value of his ministry and friend-
ship.

Peddie, Hon. Thomas B., is a native of Edin-
burgh, Scotlanil. He received a good education,
and in his youth was a great reader. lie came to
this country in 1833, and settled in Newark, N. J.
By strict habits of industry and by remarkable
ability his manufacturing establishment is now
among the largest of tlii; kind in the country. He
has been twice mayor of Newark, the largest
city in the State, twice in the State Legislature,
and he served in the United States Congress of
1876-78, in which lie was placed upon important
committees. Ho has also been president of the
lioard of trade, and in foreign travel has ably rep-
resented business interests. When a young man
Mr. Peddie made a |irofessioii of religion, and was
liaptized by I'ev. ^Ir. Brown. He united with the
First Baptist ehurcn in Nc^wark, and as a trustee
was particularly active in the building of their fine
commodious meeting-house. He takes a deep in-
terest in all the all'airs of the church.

AVhen the academy at Hightstown was in great
straits Mr. Peddie's sympathies were enlisted, and
he gave it at one time a donation of j!25,000. His

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PEIRCE

896

PELTZ

bencfiictions sinoo Imve increased tliis Buin to more
than $3O,0U0. Jlr. I'cddiois agonorous bonefautur

IION. TIIDMAS 11. I'EDDIE.

of the Ba|itist denoiiiination, whoso record is an
lioiior to us.

Peirce Academy, Middleborough, Plymouth
Co., Mass., was I'oiuided by deacon Levi Peirce,
of Middleborougli. Two purposes were kept in
mind in tlio erection of tlio academy l)iiilding in
1808, — one was to furnish a hall suitable to hold
p\i))lic worship in, and the other to secure rooms
for the use of the teachers wlio miglit have charge
of the academy. Lilce so many institutions of a
similar character, the first few years of its exist-
once were years of struggle and varied fortunes.
Its history furnishes another illustration of the
saying, that " it is hard to get up a Baptist insti-
tuticm, and harder yet to kill it." In 1828, a place
for public worship having been built by Deacon
Peirce on the lot adjoining the academy, the
meeting-house and the academy, with tlie lots on
which they stood, were deeded to the Oenlral ]5ap-
tist Society ; and subsequently the academy passed
into the hands of trustees, an act of incorporation
Imving lieen obtaincil from the Legislature of IMas-
sachusetts for this purpose in bS.'Sf). In 184'i it
came under the control of Prof. J. W. P. Jetiks,
and it is due to his energetic elForts and most per-
sistent labors that the institution rose to the high
rank which it attaineil among tlie academies of
New England. A new school building was erected,
valuable apparatus and cabinets were secured, and
the institution in all its dejiartments Was jjervaded

with new life. Hundreds of young men and young
ladies have been educated within tlie walls of the
academy, and to the entire section of country in
which it is located it has proved to be the source
of untold good. Too much praise cannot be awarded
to I'rof. Jenks for the efforts he has (lut forth and
the jicrsonal sacrilices he has made in behalf of the
institution, to which lie lias given twenty-nino of
the best years of bis lile. He closed his connection
with it in 1871. Its ja'csent principal is Mr. George
II. Collin.

Pella, Iowa, — " The City of Refuge,'' — was set-
tled by Hollanders. A Baptist church was early
organized in it, which has grown in usefulness and
numbers. It has a good edifice, recently erected,
and its prospects are very encouraging.

Tlie Iowa Central University, one of the educa-
tional institutions of the Iowa Baptists, has been
located at Pella, and for years has been success-
fully prosecuting its win'k.

Pelot, Rev. Francis, a native of Switzerland,
was born March 11, 1720. His parents were Pres-
byterians, and gave their son a fine education. He
came to South Carolina in 1734, and joined the
Baptists about 1744. He was probably the first
pastor of the Kuliam church, and he continued in
the ofliee until his death, in 1774. He held a very
high place in the denomination, as was to lie ex-
pected because of his talents, piety, and wealth.
JNIr. Edwards once said of him, " He possesses
three islands and about 3785 acres on the conti-
nent, with slaves and stock in abundance. This
(said he) I mention, not to Hatter my friend Pelot,
but ill hope that iiis conduct may intluence other
wealthy ]jlanters to ijrcach the gospel among
the poor Baptists when Cod inclines their hearts
to it." He was verj' useful in spreading the gos-
pel in South Carolina.

Peltz, George Alexander, D.D., was born in
Philadelphia, Pa., May 2, 1833. His ancestry was
German on his father's side, and Scotch on his
mother's. His father, Alexander M. Peltz, died at
an early ago, but he liad become prominent as a
State politician, and especially as an accejitable
political speaker. Under the care of a pious
mother the nubject of this sketch became an at-
tendant at the Spruce Street Baptist chnrcli and
Sunday-school. 'I'liis was under the jiastcrrates of
the Rev. Dr. Rufiis Babcock and the Kev. Thomas
0. Lincoln. Ho subsequently attended the Second
Haptist church of Southwark, Pliiladidphia, tiftcu--
wards known as the Calvary Baptist church. Here
he found tlie Lord, and was baptized by the Rev.
John A. McKean, Jan. 5, 1851. One year later
he began preparation for college, and entered the
Freshman class at Lewisburg, Pa., in the fall of
18.'')3.

During his college course he labored quite exten-

It

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PEMBERTON

897

PENDLETON

sivoly ninong tho clmrclios of tlio vicinity, espe-
cially lit Sunl)ury, Northuiiiberliiiitl, Rhuioy, and
llu,!iliesl)iii'g. lie also tuok tlio lucturos and otlicr
studios of tin; theological department begun at
Lowisburg in 18.05. Ho graduated as valedictorian
of his class in 1857, and at once proceeded to New
York City, where, on Angu.st 1, lie tiiok charge of
a mission indyresl fjunded Ijy two gcn('rons liap-
tists, and located in ContiniMital Hall, corner of
Eighth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street, i'rom
this mission the Pilgrim Baptist eliurch was or-
ganized, Oct. 7, 1857. Mr. Pelty. remained here as
pastor for eight years, leaving a united church of
402 members, with a good house of worship and a
hopeful outlook.

In October, J8G5, he became pastor of tho Tab-
ernacle Baptist church of I'hiladclphia, remaining
there until March 31, 1871. During his pastorate
the church cleared olfits entire indebtedness, thor-
oughly revised its roll, and was largely increased
in membership. Jlr. Pelt/, then devoted himself
entirely to .Sunday-school work until the end of
1872. In Convention and Institute elfoi-ts he trav-
eled over nearly all the States east of the jMissis-
sippi. In January, 1873, he settled with the South
Baptist church of Newark, N. J. In January, 187(1,
he returned to Philadelphia to assume the associate
editorsliip of the Tlie Sunday-School Times. In
November, 1877, he removed into the Chautauqua
region, so famous in Sunday-school work, and be-
came pastiSr of the First Baptist church of James-
town, N. Y.

In 1869, Mr. Peltz edited the first .series of les-
sons issued l)y the American Baptist Publication
Society. He was the first edittu- of The Baptlut
Teacher, and held that post for three years. He
previously edited a Sunday-school department in
The National Bdjitist, and subsequently a similar
department in The Independent. Ho contributed
largely to the leading Sunday-school papers and
lesser publications of the land. lie was a member
of the Executive Committee of the International
Sunday-School Convention for ten years. He pre-
sided over this Iiody at its session in Baltimore,
in April, 1875. He was chairman nf the Bap-
tist National Sunday-School Convention at St.
Louis in 18()'J. For three years he was president
of the Pennsylvania Stute Sunday-School Conven-
tion, and for two years its corresponding secretary.
He was for nearly two years associate editor of
Tlie Sunday- School Times. At present he resides
in Philadelphia.

Pemberton Baptist Church, at Pemlierton

(formerly New Mills), a jileasant village in Bur-
lington Co., N. J., surrounded by a rich and beau-
tiful farming country. Its real founder was Fran-
cis Briggs, probably a member of the Cobanse}'
church, who settled at New Mills in 1750; invited

Baptist ministers to preach at his house ; seven
were converted and l)apti/.ed, and a small meeting-
liousc erected in 1752. A noble example of lididity
and activity worthy of imitation Ijy every isolated
Ba))tistl He diiid in 1763. In 1764 the church
was constituted with nine members, Uev. Peter P.
Van Horn jiastor. It is counte<l as the eleventh,
as to date of constitution, among existing rcgubir
Baptist ehurchos in the State. It immediately
united with the Philadelphia Association; in 1812
transferred its membership to the New Jersey As-
sociation (now West New Jersey), formed in 181 1.
Prior to 1816 the following were pastors: Revs.
Peter P. Van Horn, David Branson, David Lough-
borough, Alexander Magowan, Isaac Carlile, Isaiah
.Stratton. At that date the membership was 164.
Uev. John llogers, who was successful in dootrin-
ating and building up the church, was pastor from
1816 to 1828. A second and larger iiouse of worship
was erected in 1823. Then the following ])astors :
Revs. C. AV. Mulford, 1830-35, a time of ingather-
ing ; Timothy Jackson, two years ; J. G. Colloni,
seven years, chapel erected in a more central loca-
tion, for evening meetings and Sunday-school ; 1).
S. Parmalee, about five years ; L. C. Stevens, very
brief pastorate ; S. M. Shute, three years, during
which tho present parsonage was bought; Thomas
Goodwin, three years. Rev. Levi G. Beck's pas-
torate (1859-64) was signalized by the erection, in
1861, of the present pleasant and commodious house
of worship, centrally and conveniently located.
Rev. J. H. Parks was pastor from 1864 to 1869 ;
Rev. James W. Willmarth from 1869 to 1878.
Various improvements made. Present pastor,
Rev. J. C. Buchanan.

From the constitution of the church until now
(May, 1880) 911 have been bajitized. Present
number, 184.

This ancient church is the mother of several
ciiurehes in the vicinity, has always been self-
supporting, has had no debts or mortgages on its
property, and has been favored repeatedly with
precious revivals. Its membership has been loyal
to Baptist principles, kind to pastors, and inter-
ested in tho general work of the denomination.
The field does not, ]ierba|is, give promise of sjie-
cially rapid growth, but the church is firmly es-
tablished, has had much faithful instruction, and
will doulitless live and prosper. It has sent out
several able ministers, has had among its lay
members men of steadfast piety and of infiuenec
and usefulness, and is dear to all who have been
connected with it or have labored with it in the
ministry.

Pendleton, James Madison, D.D., was born

Nov. 20, 1811, in Spott.syivania Co., Va. His pa-
rents, John and Frances J. Pendleton, removed to
Christian Co., Ky., when he was one year old, and

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PENDLKTON

89S

PKNGILLY'

settled upon a farm near the present village of
Penilu'oko. Upon this farm he lived until he was
twenty years old. During; tlie winter seasons ho
attended the best sehools the coiunuinity all'orded,
and with the judicious training of his excellent
parents he was better educated than the average
farmer Imy.

At liftci'M he beoame interested in the subject of
religion, but his convictions did nut result in con-
version until he was seventeen, wiien he united
with the Bethel church, near Pembroke. He was
baptized by Rev. John S. Wilson, April 14, 1829.

In Feljruary, IKIU, he was licensed to preach,
and began the work of the ministry before lie was
twenty years of age.

lie is the only licentiate ever sent forth by the
Bethel church to this date (187<S). Uiium scd Leo-
nan. In KSo3 he entered the Christian County
Seminary at llopkinsville, and took a three years'
course of instruction in the Latin and Greek clas-
sics, meantime preaching for the llopkinsville and
liethel churches alternate Sundays. At the former
ehurcli he was ordained Nov. 1, 1S33. In 1837 he
accepted the call of the church in Bowling Green,
Ky., and entered upon a pastorate of twenty years.
Soon after this settlement he formed the acquaint-
ance of Miss Catharine Stockton Garnett, of Glas-
gow, Ky., who became his wife in 1838. By her
piety and abounding good works she has proved
herself to be a model jiastor's wife. They have
four children living, three of whom are wives of
professional gentlemen, and the other, a son, is a
lawyer in the city of Philadelphia.

During his twenty years' pastorate at Bowling
Green, in 1 84'.), l>r. Pendleton cordially espoused
Henry Clay's gradual eniancipatiou measures, and
supported them by many news[iaper ]]ubIications.
The vote of the State, howev(,'r, was largely against
those measures, and slavery remained unchanged
till the "civil war" wrought its overthrow.

In 1857, l.>r. Pendleton was elected Professor of
Theology in Union University, Murfreesborough,
Tenn. He had ever esteemed the pastorate his
oflice and preaching his function in lilc, and would
accept the professorship only with tiie jiroviso that
he should have a pastorate also. Arrangements
were nuide at once that he shouhl become pastor
of the Baptist church in Murfrcesborciugh, and he
removed to his new field, where he remained until
the civil war laid its paralyzing hand upon church
and college. The un((uenchable loyalty of the man
made it necessary for him to reuiove to the North-
ern States. After a short settlement of three years,
from 181)2 to bSCi'), at llamiltcju, 0., he rcunoved, in
November, ISlir), to Upland, I'a., where he has ever
since been the highly esteemed and faithful pastor.

At an early day, Dr. Pendleton became an almost
constant writer for the denominational press and

for the local papers of his community. Of this
kind of literature few men except editors are so
prolific. Besides, he has published many books,
pamphlets, tracts, and sermons, such as " Three
Reasons why I am a Baptist," " Church Manual,"
"Treatise on the Atonement," "Sermons on Im-
portant Subjects," " Christian Doctrines, a Cum-
jiiMulium of Theol(jgy," the last of which is gener-
ally conceded to bo a nuistcrly production, concise,
logical, orthodo.'i, and com|irehensive, and su[>ply-
ing a long felt want in the curriculum of theidogi-
cal education and in the libi'aries of Christian
households.

Dr. Pendleton is a hard stuilent, devoting his
morning hours to his study, which he keeps well
stocked with only the best and most approve<l
evangelical literature, and liistory, biography, and
philosophy, llis impatience with irreverence and
looseness guards his library from the intrusion of
liberalism and trash.

He preaches as he writes, after a well-defined
moderor pdan, from which he seldom swerves even
in the most impassioncil etl'orts. He is methodical
in his W(U'k, and resolutely follows his prearranged
plans, alternating study with pastoral visitation
with a regularity few men can maintain. He is
<levout, serious, conscientious, and yet highly ap-
preciates good wit and humor, and is ready and
judicious in the use of them. He is of medium
height, well proportioned, firm of step as of con-
victions, a sincere friend, generous to every good
cause according to his ability, unostentatious and
all'able with his friends, rescirvod among strangers,
and cautious of his associations. His integrity of
character an<l honesty of conviction are absolutely
above susjiiciun, and are duo to his abiding, un-
shaken trust in God.

Pengilly, Rev. Richard, author of the "Scrip-
tural Ciuidu to Baptism," was a native of I'enzance,
Cornwall, Kngbind. where he was born Sept. 14,
1782. In early life he was a member of the Wes-
leyan Methodist liody. Like Samuel, he was de-
voted to God in llis cliildliood. A baptismal ser-
vice and a sermon by the Rev. Isaiah Birt attracted
his attention to the principles of the Baptists, ami
in 18U2 ho was baptized, and became one of the
constituent inemliers of the newly-fornied Baptist
chur(di at Penzance. He had been licensed as
a local preacher among the Methodists, and his
Baptist brethren encouraging him to exercise his
gifts, he was received as a student at Bristol Col-
lege, and pursued the usual course of study until
1807, when ho was sent to N'ewcastle-on-Tyne as a
pridiationer. Having received a call to the pastorate
there, ho was ordained Aug. 12, 18(17, atid continued
to minister to the same church until 184.'), when he
retired from all pastoral work. Although ho never
accepted another charge, he occupied himself with

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PENICK

899

PENN

various evangelical and benevolent engagements

wliieii iiis strength jjcrniitted until his death,
March 22, ISGf), in his eighty-third year. During
liis long pastorate at Newcastle he did goud service.
lie estahlished the first Sunday-school in the town
among the evangelical Non-Uonrorniists, and pro-
moted the I'orMiatioii of the local JiihTe and tract
societies, llis denominational work was of great
value in the disti'ict. lie puljlished " Seven Letters
to the Society of Friends on the Nature and Per-
petuity ol' Baptism" and several tracts, some of
which had a wide circulation. His " Scripture
Guide to liaplism" has passed through many edi-
tions, and has heeu translated into the German and
other European tongues. I'roljalily no other book
on the subject has had such a wide ditfusion, or l.ieen
more generally useful.

Penick, Rev. Wm. Sydnor, was born in Hali-
fax Co., Va., May I'i, l^.itl. His father, William
Penick, being a planter in easy eircuiastances, his
early educational advantages were the liest that
could be secured. After prosecuting his studies for
four years under a lutiu- employed in tlie family,
he entered a school under the care of the Rev. A.
JI. I'oindo.-iter, 1>.|). At the agC of fourteen, his
father designing him for mercantile life, he was
])laeed in a store, where he reuniined for three
years. About this tiiiK! he was converted, and was
bapti/.ed by the Rev. James Longanacre. At the
close of his three years' service in business he re-
solved to pursue his studies, an<l entered an acad-
emy in his native county. Afterwards, iu 1855, be
became a student in Riclnnond College, where he
graduated in |S5S, with the degree of A. B. In the
fall of 1S5S he was ordained to the work of the
gospel ministry, and early in 1S59 took charge of
the Baptist cliurch iu Chatham, the county-seat of
Pittsyhania, Va. In the sumnnM- of 18()1 he en-
tered the army of tlie Southern Confederacy as ca()-
taiu of a company. In 1S(')8 he resigned the care
of the church in Chatham, and, having removed
to the Shcnaniloah Valley, became jiastor of sev-
eral churches in Jell'erson and Berkeley Counties,
W . Va. In 1S70 he settled in Martinsburg, taking
exclusive charge of a church wdiich he had organ-
ized there, and directing the building of a hand-
some house of worship. While a resident of this
place he was elected superintendi!nt of the public
schools in Martinsburg and Berk(dey Counties, and
served for two years with groat efficiency. About
this time Richmond College conferred on him the
honorai-y degree of A.M. In 1874 he entered upon
his present Held of laljor as pastcjr of the First
Baptistclmrch in Alexandria, Va., where his hibuis
have been greatly blessed in enlarging the iricm-
borship and increasing ita inlluenee for good. Mr.
Penick is honored (uv his worth and lab(H-s not only
by his own congregation but by all who know him.

Penn, Admiral Sir William, was born in Eng-
land in 1621. His father, the captain of a luerchant
vessel, taught him ids owu prolession so thuroughly
that early in life he was one of the ablest mariners
in the British islands. The I\lediteri'anean at that
period was full of pirates, whose vessels were tlie
swiftest that plowed its waters ; the crews of
these ships were skillful and reckless men, who shed
blood without [lily, and cjishived freemen without
rciuorse. The son of Captain Giles I'enn leai'ned
his calling in the ocean specially scourged by ilie
pirates, ami as a nuitter of necessity lie was a fight-
ing mariner. At the age of twenty-three ^Villiam
was appointed a captain in the Rciyal navy, and
was ordered to take charge of the " Fellowship," of
twenty-eight guns. lie rose rapidly to the highest
commands in the navy ; before he was thirty years
of age he was viix'-admiral of the Irish seas; and,
though he died when he was only forty-nine years
of age, he was an admiral and general of the Brit-
ish licet, and had renileied brilliant services to his
country.

Some Baptists for years have been under the
impression that Penn held their faith. Uavid
Benedict and Curtis nmke this statement ; and
many others in comparatively recent times. Crosby
and Ivimey do not. Neither does a single writer
competent to bear testimony on such a question.
Southey says that " Sir John Lawson was a rigid
Anabaptist," others of an earlier day assert the
same thing. But while the religion of the one dis-
tinguished admiral is frerjuently stated, the de-
ncmiinalion of the other during the doubtful perind
of his life is not nanu'd. Granville Penn, the
great-grandson of Sir William, says, "His church
was the Church of lOngland, by whose services he
was baptized and buried, and to which he adhered
when it could be J'oiind." He, no dcnibt, was bap-
ti/.ed in the Episcopal Cliurch, but so were many
thousands of Baptists in his day. And his being
buried with the Episcopal service alfords no evi-
dence that he was an Episcopalian. He died in
1670, under the restored Stuarts, when nothing but
the Episcopal service would be tolin-ateil in the
parish church of liedclylie, ]5ristol, where he was
interred. Moreover, a man o[' Sir William's char-
acter under the Stuarts was certain to be a membei'
of the church patronized by the powerful. Gran-
ville Penn states that Sir William adhered to the
Church of England (Episcopalianism) '' when it
could be found." Daniel Neal says that in 1641
" the old English hierarchy was suspended, and
lay prostrate for al)Out eighteen years." Macaulay
says, '■ The Puritans interdicte<l (in England),
under heavy penalties, the us(! of the IJook of Com-
nn)n Prayer, not only in churches, Imt even in pri-
vate houses. It was a crime in a child to read, by
the bedside of a sick parent, one of those beautiful

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ii ■'':'

PENN

900

PENN

collects which had soothed tlie griefs of forty gen-
erations of Christians." Episcopalianism was oiit-
liiwed in England for years. ]>uriug this period
Sir William I'enti never hinted that his jireferencos
wore for tlie Episcopal Cljurch. lie would have
l)een, during a large part of tlie interregnum, in-
stantly removed from liis coiiiniand if ho had. It
is extremely prohable that the politie admiral, es-
jiecially just hel'ore the Protectorate, was a friend
of the Baptists. His interests required him to be
a Congregatiunalist or a Baptist, and these were of
supreme moment with Sir William Penn. Baptist
principles were extensively held in the navy, and
they were entertained by his chief friends. So
that it is not unlikely that ho pretended to favor
Baptist doctrines. But we know of no aullwrity
for the common tradition that Penn was a member
of any Baptist church or congregation.

Sir William Penn owed his entire position in the
navy to tlio enemies of the Stuarts. The Parlia-
ment lirst, and Cromwell afterwards, gave him
promotion and wealth. When he was about to
leave for the West Indies in charge of a fleet of
thirty-eight vessels of war, according to (Jranville
Penn, at his own request, ho received from Crom-
well lands in Ireland worth X300 per annum, " as
they were let in 16-10," to make up for his losses.
On the 4th of December, 11)54, the Protector him-
self wrote to the Lord-deputy and Council in Ire-
land ordering the speedy selection of the lands given
to Penn, and Cromwell directs that they should
be chosen " where there is a castle, or convenient
house of hal)itation ujiou them, and near to some
garrison for security." Cromwell gives as a reason
for the .special interest which he showed in Penn's
lands, that the admiral " is now engaged in further
service for the Commonwealth in the present ex-
fiedition by sea, and cannot himself look after the
settling of the said estate."' 'I'he expedition was
the disastrous West Indian undertaking led by
Penn and Venables.

Alter all the favors which the Parliament and
Cromwell could grant Penn, on the 2.5th of De-
cember, a few days after he left Spithead, ho sent
word to Prince, subsequently Cliarles II., that lie
was ready to place the whole tieet at his disposal,
and run it into any port he might designate.
(jranville Penn adniits this, and accounts for it by
the desire of his ancestor to see the king sujjplant
Cromwell "as the only moans of restoring iicaltli
and soundness to his disordered country." Clar-
endon records Penn's treacherous act. Penn's ac-
ceptance of the command of the expedition, and
his seeking and obtaining a very valuable grant
from .Cromwell, make the proposed surrender of
Ins fleet to Charles II. an infamous olfer. It was
tiie deliberate and wicked expression of a deceitful
and seUisli heart.

Penn was thrown into prison after his return
from the West Indies, and, according to Dixon, he
sent a humble petition to the Council, in which ho
confessed his faults and threw himself upon the
mercy of Cromwell, wdio generously restored him
to freedom. Alter this, pretending to give up pol-
itics, he retired to Ireland, and upmi the very estate
given him by the Protector "he used his whole in-
fluence to prepare in secret a way for the return of
the exiled princes." And on the deposition of
Richard Cromwell, even Monk was not a more un-
blushing betrayer of the liberties of his country
than Admiral Penn. Charles 11. knighted him in
Holland for his treason to the people of England.
Dixon, in his " Historical Biography of AVilliam
Penn," says of the admiral, '■ The cavalier who
stood by his prince through all the changes of for-
tune may be admired, even by a Ilepublican ; but
for the man who seeks a trust merely to betray it,
who uses the sword to strike the hand he voluntarily
swears to defend, no term of reprehension is too
strong. Admiral Penn's case was one of peculiar
baseness, for ho added ingratitude to treason."
The American army, in the Revolution, had one
notorious general who tried to serve the king of
England in the spirit which governed Admiral
Penn.

William Penn, the founder of this State, learned
his ideas of liberty from Algernon Sidney, and not
from his father, who never was a Baptist. His
views of freedom were broad and generous for that
day. But the Baptists before and during his time
were far in advance of Penn or his teachers in their
knowledge and application of religious liberty.
Ilepworth Dixon says that at Chester, in 1682,
Penn's first legislative assembly met in the
Friends' meeting-house with the great Quaker,
and they passed laws in conformity with Penn's
" Frame of Government," issued by him in London
some time before, (liie of these giive liberty to the
people to believe " any doctrines not destructive to
the peace and honor of civil society," and another
declared " that evay Christian man of twenty-one
years of age, unstained by crime, ahouUl be diijible
to elect or be elected a member of the Colonial Par-
liament." According to this law, no Lsraelite or
unbeliever in Christ could vote in Penn's terri-
tories. This was AVilliam Penn's own doctrine.
In Rhode! Island, in 1047, under the guidance of
Roger Williams, laws were niade giving equal lib-
erty to men of all creeds and of none. And this
was the doctrine of Baptists for ages before 'that
time.

See Southey's '' Lives of the British Admirals,"
V. 240. London, 1837. " Memorials of Sir Wil-
liam Penn," by Granville Penn, i. '.)4 ; ii. 17, 20;
ii. 15, 141. London, 1833. Neal's '• History of the
Puritans," ii. 460. Dublin, 1755. Macaulay's

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PENNEPEK

901

PENNSYLVANIA

"History of England," i. 125. Boston, 1854.
Clarendon's " IILstory of tlie Rebellion,'' iii. 576.
Oxford, J70(j. Williiini llcpwortli Dixon's " His-
torical Biograpliy of Williuni Fouii," liij, 25,27, 21)1,
202.
Pennepek, or Lower Dublin Church.— 'fliin

is the oldest Uiiptist olinreli in i'eunsylviuiia. 'I'he
Oold Spring cliuroli e.'iisted before it, but dissolved
in a few years. Its ediliee is in tlio twenty-tbird
ward of Pbiladelpbia, in a bcaulifiil rural region,
a few rods from tbe I'ennepek Creek, wliero candi-
dates bave been inuaorsed from tbe organization
of tbe eburcli. Tbis cliiircli is the seal (cathedra)
from which the inHuoncus and the men went forth
who organi/.ed the earliest churches in Pennsylva-
nia and in New Jersey.

It was founded by Elias Keach, whoso father
was a distinguished I5aptist minister and author in
London, in tbe moi\tb of January, 1088. Its con-
stituent members were Elias Keaoh, John Eaton,
George Eaton and Jane, bis wife, Sarah Eaton,
Samuel Jones, John Baker, Samuel Vans, Joseph
Ashton and Jane, his wife, ^Villiam Eisber, and
John Watts. Mr. Keach was elected pastor, and
Samuel Vaus was chosen and ordained a deacon.
Mr. Keaoh was an apostle in zeal and labors to
win souls to Jesus. He preached in Philadelphia,
Chester, Salem, Middletown, Cohansey, Burling-
ton, Trenton, and elsewhere. 'I'hc Lord greatly
blessed these missionary etforts, and a branch of
the Pennepek church was formed in each preacb-
ingstation. Morgan Edwards saysof these branches,
"They v/ereall one church, and Pennepek the cen-
tre of union, where as many as could met to cele-
brate the death of Christ; and for tbe sake of distant
members they administered the ordinance {[Uarterly
at Burlington, Cuhanscy, Salem, and Philadelphia."
In about throe years Middletown, Piscataqua, and
Cohansey became churches. Mr. Keach returned
to England in 1092. John AVatts, a member of the
church, succeeded Mr. Keach as pastor. In 170(J,
Mr. Watts, at tbe reipiest of the church, prepared a
catechism, which was also intended for a confession
of faith, and tbe work was published that year. In
1707 a house of worship was erected near the eito
of the present church ; the building was 25 feet
square. In 1770 a new house was built, 33 by 30.
The third church cdilice was reared in 1805, and it
stands to-day a substantial and capacious struc-
ture, around which hallowed memories cluster.
.Many other churches, including tbe First Baptist
church of Philadelphia, owe their origin to the
Pennepek commuMily.

During a period of si.'c years there were no bap-
tisms in the Penuepek church, though it was la-
yered by the pastoral labors of Dr. Samuel Jones,
one of tbe most talented and godly men that
preached the gospel in the United States. At tbe

close of this time of barrenness a revival commenced
in 1804, which lasted for about si.>c years.

The Pennepek church is a member of the Phila-
delphia Association at this day, which came into
existence under her auspices. 'I'he church has bad
twenty past(n-s, and has sent forth twenty-two jier-
sons to preach the gospc^l.

Pennsylvania Baptists.— Thomas Dungan, an
old minister, came from llbode Island to tbe col-
ony of Penn in 1684. He gathered a church at
Cold Spring, near Bristol, Bucks County, " of
which," says Morgan Edwards in 1770, "nothing
remains but a grave-yard and tbe names of the
families that belonged to it, — tbe Dungans, Gard-
ners, Woods, Doyles, etc." He died in 1688, and
was buried at Cold Spring. Even tbe grave-yard
has disappeared now, and only the foundations of
a wall can be traced, which foruicd a part of tbe
church or a portion of the cojuetery wall. The
church itself disbanded after a brief but useful ex-
istence.

The second church founded in Pennsylvania was
the Lower Dublin, or I'ennepek. In tbe year 1686,
Elias Keach, of Ijondon, a wild young man, arrived
in Philadelphia. He dressed in black and wore
bands to )iass for a minister. He obtained an op-
portunity to preach in the bouse of a Baptist in
Lower Dublin, and when be had spoken for some
time he " sto|iped short, looked like a man astou-.
ishcd, and the audience concluded that be bad been
seized with some sudden disorder." But they
speedily learned that be was deeply convicted of
sin. He wont to Father Dungan, of Cold Spring,
who jiointeil him to Jesus ; be soon bad peace in
believing, ajul be was baptized and ordained by
Mr. Dungan. He formed a church of twelve per-
sons at Pennepek in Janmuy, 1688, and became
their pastor. lie labored with burning zeal, and,
considering the diliicultics, with astonishing suc-
cess, through Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and
established missions at "tbe Falls (Trenton), Bur-
lington, Cohansey, Salem, Pcnnsneck, Chester, and
Philadelphia," and he. maintained preaching at
Cold Spring and Middletown. He bad tbe zeal of
an enthusiast, and " ire was considered the chief
apostle of the Baptists in those parts of America."
He returned to bis birthplace in 10112, but tbe mis-
sions in several cases became churches, and the
spirit bo planted in these communities created tbe
Philadelphia Association a few years after he left
the colony.

The Great Valley church was constituted in
1711. Tbe Brandywine church was formed in
1715. The Montgomery church was organized in
1719. The T'ulpehocken church was founded in
1738, and the Southampton in 1746. The Phila-
delphia church bad an existence either as a branch
of Lower Dublin or as an independent community

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■..I,

PENNSYLVANIA

Dli

PENNSYLVANIA

from 1098, the i'onner is tliu more pi'obablL'. lint
ill 1746, to settlu doubts oii tliis question and to
protect legacies, the cliuvch was I'oriiially incorpo-
rated. The New iJritain church was organized in
1754, and lice Vincent in 1770.

Since our national independence was secured,
aliout liOl) cliurehes have ari-sc^n in tliC eoniities east
ol' tlie .Sus(|uehanna liiver and its Nortli Ijranch.
Some of tliese became e.\tinct, or clianged names
and locations, so that a clear and complete sketcli
of them all, however interesting, would be entirely
impracticable in this work.

The fir^t known Englisli Baptist preacher on the
Susquehanna was the lirst persnn named as slain
in the tirst Wyoming massacre, in 17lJ.'i. lie was
William Marsh, a New England Separatist, but
came from 'Wantagi.', N. J., into Pennsylvania.
The lirst chnridi was formed in Pittston,iii Decem-
ber, 177tJ. The lirst Baptists in Northern Penn-
sylvania were from Connecticut, Khode Island,
Massachusetts, Virginia, Now York, and New Jer-
sey. They were Itevolutionary soldiers and pio-
neers of the settlements, both ministers and private
ineiidjers.

A portion of Southwestern Pennsylvania was
taken up by Virginians. There were Baptists
among them, and a church was founded at Augh-
wick, Huntingdon Co., in 1770 ; at Konoloway,
Bedford, in 1704; at Sideling Hill, Fulton, in 1790;
at Turkeyfoot, Somerset, in 1775; at Great Bethel
(Uniontown), Fayette, in 1770; at (joshen, (Jreeno,
in 1773 ; at Peter's Creek, Washington, in 1773 ;
at Pigeon Creek, in 1775; Loyalhanna, in 1775;
Forks of Yough, in 1777. Fnon church arose in
1791; Benlah, Cambria Co., in 1797; Pittsburgh
in 1812. These facts show the progress of settle-
ments, without attem'ptiug details of the scores of
churches which have arisen on and west of the Sus-
quehanna.

ASSOCIATIONS

are yearly meetings of messengers of churches
combining fin- spiritual improvement, to ascertain
changes, and to confer as to measures for jiromoting
their sentiments. Their powers are advisory. The
following are the regular Baptist Associations in
Pennsylvania :

1707. — Philadelphia, the first Association in
America, now 174 years idd.

1770.— Redstone, in Southwestern Pennsylvania,
finally absorbed by others about 1841.

1807. — -Vljington, in Lackawanna County, and
west and north of it.

1809. — Beaver, on west central border of the
State.

1821. — Northumberland, in the east-central
(Lewisburg) region.

1823. — French Creek, in the northwest corner of
the State.

1820. — Bridgowater, out of old Susquehanna, in
Susquehanna County and eastern Bradford.

18o0. — Centre, a missionary body in the Juniata
Uiver region.

1831. — Central Union, in and west of Philadel-
phia.

Isil2.— Monongahcla, a missioiniry lioily, south-
ward of Pittsburgh.

1S35. — Bradford, N(jrth, mostly from Old-School
Chemung.

1837. — Clarion, north-central, west of the Alle-
ghany Mountains.

1839. — Pittsburgh, in and around that city.

1843. — Wyoming, i'rom Bridgewater, in Wyo-
ming and LnzerEie Counties.

1843. — Tioga, from Bradford, mostly in Tioga
County, northern tier.

1847. — Clearlield, central, both sides of thoAlle-
ghanies.

1848. — North Philadelphia, from Philadelphia
and Central Union.

1859. — Ten-Mile, southwest corner of the State.

1805. — Oil Creek Association was formed.

1870. — Wayne, from Abington, northeast corner
of the State.

1875. — Heading, in east-central, or Schuylkill
coal region.

1870. — Indiana, south of Clarion, west of the
Alleghanies.

1878. — AS'heeling, in Western Pennsylvania and
West Virginia.

East Pennsylvania AVelsh Association is more
than twenty years old.

There are about forty Welsh churches, and half
a dozen German, of the regular Baptist faith not
connected with English A>^sociations

All our churches in Potter and McKean Coun-
ties, and a number of the others on the northern
tier, associate with bodies in New Y'^ork State.

There are 23 Associations in this State, 5C8
churches, and 04,572 members, 'fhere are 603
Sunday-schools reported, with 6120 ollicers and
teachers, and 50,800 scholars. Six Associations
make no report of Sunday-schools, when most
probably every church has one.

AYheii it is remembered that Pennsylvania was
cliiedy settled by Scoteli-lrisli and German.s, that
is, by people intensely Presliyterian or tenaciously
Lutheran, nearly the most difficult material on
earth out of which to make Baptists, and that few
members of our denomination, comiiaratively^came
from Europe, the progress of tlu! Baptists is re-
markable.

EDUCATION.

Pennsylvaniana led in forming the first Baptist
academy in Ibi.s country, — Isaac Eaton's, at Hope-
well, N. J., 1750, — and also in establishing their
first college, — lirown University, Providence, K. I.,

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rENNSYLVANIA

903

PENNSYLVANIA

in 17<itJ. I>r. Siiiiiucl Juiios coMiluotL'il all noademy
ut Lower Duliliii Iruui ITIilJ to 17'J-l. In 1814 iiii
eiliiuiitiuii suoiuty for llii; iMiiKllu Status was foniicil
in l'lnladel|iiiia. Its niastui'S[)ii-it, Di-. William
Staugliton, had for soino years taliuii ministerial
students to liis home lor private iiistruetion, and
in ISKS he and I'rol'. Irah Chase hired rooms lor
the same object. I'lio institution was removed to
Wasliington City, and in IS^l a|ipoared as Colum-
bian CoUej^e. The Hamilton (N. Y.) Institution,
now called Madison University, received material
aid t'roni Pennsylvania. In 1832 the Northnmher-
land Association proposed a Manual Labor Acad-
emy, principally to aid niiiiist(;iial students, but
waived it in favor of the proposal of Philadelphia
bretlu'cn to found an institution at Haddington.
And when tint Haildington ctfort failed, the North-
umberland IViemis rallied, and in 1840, Prof. S. W .
Taylor opened a high school, which develo|ied into
a college, with academic and theological ilepart-
ments, and a female institute, now called the Uni-
versity of Lewisburg. By amicablo arrangement,
the theological de[)artment was, in 1858, trans-
ferred to Crozer Theological Seminary, at Upland,
Delaware Co.

Tlie academies under the direct control of the
Baptists of tlie State are five in number: the Uni-
versity Academy, at Lewisburg, founded in 1840 ;
the Keid Institute, in Clarion County, established
in 1803; Monongahela College Academy, in Greene
County, instituted in 1807 j Keystone Academy, in
Wyoming County, opened in 1808 ; and Mount
Pleasant Institute, in AV'estmoreland County,
founded in 1873. The University Female Insti-
tute at Lewisburg is not included in the above
list. It is the only ladies' institute within tin;
State, and is connected with the university, thus
enjoying peculiar advantages. It embraces a regu-
lar college coarse, and has hitherto been awarded
a large share of public patronage.

During the past year the number of instructors
attached to these academics was 37, and the num-
ber of students 041. At a very low valuation, the'
amount invested in these schools is SI 00,001.).
These institutions are of recent origin, and it is be-
lieved that the Baptists of Pennsylvania will soon
start new schools in other localities.

LITERATURE.

The first known American work in favor of ilis-
tinct Baptist |;)riiici[dcs is attributed to John AVatts,
of I'enncprk, and was printed in the year 1700.
It was designed mostly for children and youth.
No copy of it is known to the public. Morgan Ed-
wards, of Philadelphia, wrote historical Sketches
of priceless value of the Baptists in several of the
colonics. Doctors S. Jones, Rogers, Staugliton,
llolconilje, Belcher, Malcom, Curtis, Brantly, Sr.,

Ira M. Allen, fico. B. Ide, and .). Newton Brown
among the dead, and IL (j. Jones, Jr., Anderson,
Miigoon, (^athcart, Pendleton, Dyer, Spencer, J.
Wlieaton Smith, Dr. W. \V. Keen, Prancis Jen-
nings, J. Spencer KennarJ, Justin U. Loomis, and
others among the living. Itobert Lowry's liyniris
are sung around the world. Any atlmnpt to name
the books, or other most worthy products from the
pen of our people, might seem invidious, and it is
hardly possible to make such a record complete.

The following are names of Baptist periodicals
that have been or are still issued in Philadelphia :
Lalto'-lhxy Ltitniiiari/, Chrisiiaii Index, Tin: World
as it is and its it slinnld be, lietiijious Narrator,
Ckrislian (lazelle, llaptisl Rerord, Uhristiim Chron-
icle, National Jiaplisl, Jia])tisl Quarterly, and sev-
eral.for cliildren and Sunday-schools, with millions
of pages of tracts and books from the American
Baptist Publication Society.

From 182r) to 1827, at Montrose, Davis Dimock
issued the Baptist Mirror, or Christian }[aiiazine.
Ill 1827, Eugenio Kincaid, at Milton, published a
Literary and Ecangdical lieyister. And Pittsburgh
has furnished one or mure periodicals adapted t(>
the wants of AVcstern Pennsylvania.

BENEVOLENCE.

Early minutes of the Piiiladel)iliia Association
are very meagre, yet they give proofs of efforts to
send the gospel to the destitute at home, to use
the press for the common good, and to aid young
men iu preparing to lie able ministers of the New
Testament. Before and alter the Revolution they
sent evangelists into the new iields on the Susque-
hanna, and at an early day they transmitted money
to llindoostan, and to Burmah soon after missions
were opened there.

In 1800 a Philadelphia Domestic Mission So-
ciety was formed. In 1810 tliey reported seven
men in their service, — Thomas Smiley, on the
West Branch ; Thomas G. Jones, in Pennsylvania
and Ohio ; Henry George, at Owl Creek, in Ohio -,
William West, near Lake Erie; and lirothren ..Mon-
tague, Bateman, and Cooper on both sides of the
Delaware. In 1827 the Piiiladelphia and other
similar local societies began their union as the
Baptist Missionary Association of Pennsylvania.
At its semi-centennial, in 1877, it reported a total
expenditure of ?282,189 in its fifty years' work,
during which it liad aided 233 churches and made
1430 appointments of home missionaries, who had
reported about 17,000 baptisms.

The Baptist General Tract Society, formed in
AVashington City in 1824, came to Philadelphia in
1820, and is now known as the American Baptist
Publication Society. It has constantly enlarged
its |)Ower in the production of wholesome reading,
its business department aiding its large outlays in

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FENNSYLVANIA

904

PENTECOST

benevolence. It was many years located at 530
Arch Street, l)iit now has spacinus anil eligiblo ac-
eonimodatioiKS, as (leiioiiiinational and book head-
((uavters, at 1120 Chestnut Street.

The I'ennsylvatiia Baptist KJncation Society,
founded in 1830, has vigorously prosecuted its
aims, witli great advantages to the rising ministry,
and through theiu to the church and to the workl.

Among the pnimoters of every good enterprise
may generally be found a fair proportion of Penn-
sylvania Baptists. In the iirst national foreign
mission meeting were Staughtun, Rogers, IIol-
combe, ProLidlbut, Randall, White, Peckworth, II.
(ji. Jones, Sr., Hough, and Mathias. Tiie Baptists
of Pennsylvania are generous contributors to home
and foreign objects.

The university at Lewisbnrg has extensive and
beautiful buildings and a liandsome endowment.
Grozor Theological Seminary, in its home and in its
endowment, is a monument of liberality. The white
marble house of the American Baptist Publication
Society cost $258,000, is entirely out of delit, and
was paid for chiefly by Penusylvaiiians. The lifty-
six Baptist churches of Philadelphia have a greater
number of splendid church edilices than any on(! of
the other denominations in the city, and they are
nearly all free from debt.

Tiie Baptists of Pennsylvania are thoroughly
united, and they are praying, working, and giving
to spread the knowledge of Jesus in a way that in-
spires the hope that in twenty years, with God's
blessing, they will double their numbers.

Pennsylvania Baptist Education Society,

The, was organi/,ed Sept. 18, IS.'i'J, in the First
Baptist church in Philadeliiiiia. It has extended
aid to about 500 students. It is believed that over
300 ministers thus aided are now in active service
in home and foreign tiebls. The experience of the
past forty years fully justifies us in stating that
such organizations are of vital necessity. In the
workings of this society, each year is strictly (jro-
bationary, and students failing to meet just expec-
tations are dropped from the list. The society is
not in fiu'mal connection with any institution of
learning, but holds itself— at liberty to give aid to
students studying outside of Pennsylvania, when
adequate reasons for the selection are given. The
appropriations given to stndetits are designed to
cover the cost of cheap boarding and the expense
of tuition. They have varieil in different periods
from iiSO annually to §150. The present maximuiu
grant i.s $110.

'I'hn o(fic(n-s for 1881 arc Thouuis J. Iloskinson,
President: Levi Ivuowles, 'J'ri'asui'er ; l{ev. fl. .M.
Spratt, D.I)., Correspunding Secretary ; Rev. Jacob
G. AValker, Recording Secretary. Twenty mem-
bers constitute the board of nninagera. . ,

Dr. Spratt has made the society, in his many years

of service, the most successful agency for its ob-
ject in this country. The receipts last year were
!? 1 2,000, and there were 03 students who received
assistance.

Pennsylvania Baptist General Association
was founded July 4, 1827, in the Blockley Baptist
church, Philadelphia. The organi'/.ation (jf the
society was perfected in the autumn of the same
year. It is purely a State missionary institution.
Rev. AVillium E. Ashton was its fust ]u-esident.
Hon. James M. Linnard held that ollice with
remarkable usefulness for twenty-seven years.
During the first half-century of its existence it
has had on an average 29 missionaries a year in
its employment, and it issued 1430 commissions.
In that period it formed or fostered 233 of the
Baptist churches of the State, some of which to-
day are the strongest and most flourishing in Penn-
sylvania. During the fourteen years' secretaryship
of the Rev. L. G. Beck the sum' of $172,000 was
raised for the Association, and the churches in-
creased from 424 to 553, and the members from
40,OI)l( to 03,500. The Association has accomplished
a grand work, and it is, at this time, in a state of
elHciency that inspires exalted hopes for coming
days.

In 1880 it employed 42 missionaries. Its income
was $14,014.43. Rev. II. II. Austin was its presi-
dent, and Rev. W. II. Conard its corresponding
secretary.

Pennsylvania, Western, Classical and Scien-
tific Institute is located at Mount Pleasant, Pa.,
about forty miles southeast of Pittsburgh, with
which it is connected by rail. The academy is at
the foot of the mountains, in a rich farming region.
Its site affiu'ds a comuumding view of the town
and the surrounding country. Its buildings are
spacious, and possess every eouvenience and com-
fort.

Mount Pleasant has seven evangelical churches,
with a substantial membership in each, and other
religious l.)odies, with regular preaching. No in-
toxicating liiiuors, according to law, can be sold in
Mount Pleasant, or within two miles of it.

The school was organized uniler the auspices of
the Pittsburgh, Mouongahela, and Beaver Baptist
Associations. It was opened in 1873, and its growth
has Ijeen constant until it is now self-sustaining.
Both sexes are admitted to its advantages, and they
are about equally represented in its classes. It has
usually six teachers. It imparts a first-class aca-
demical education, and it is now a blessing to the
section of the State where its advantages have been
so extensively enjoyed.

Pentecost, Rev. Hugh 0„ son of Hugh L. ami

Emiiui (Flower) Pentecost, was born Sept. 30, IS-IS,
ut New Harmony, Ind.; educated at Madison Uni-
versity, K. Y., where he took a select course ; or-

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PEPPFAt

905

PI'JRRY

(laiucd in 1871, at Kockville Centre, Long IsliUid,
and settled as pa ' ir ; second settloniont was with
the Calvary Baptist oluireh in Westerly, It. I.,
Aug. 4, 1875; third settlement with South Baptist
cliureli, Hartford, Conn., Jlay 1, 1878; has re-
cently become pastor in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; an able,
sueoi'ssliil, and devoted minister.

Pepper, Prof. George Dana Boardmaii, D.D.,

the youngest son of John and Eunice IhUehiuson

I'KOF. gH(jiu;k n.\\A hoahomas rKi'i'i;)!, d.u.

Pepper, was born in Ware, Mass., Feb. 5, 1833.
His parents were iiii'inliers of a Baptist church iji
whicli his father was a deaeon, so that from in-
fancy tlie future prol'essor lived in an atmosphere
of Christian intluenee. Though the subject of
positive religious experienei'S when not more than
seven or eight years old, it was not until May 4,
18j0, that he publicly professed faith in Clirist Ijy
baptism, and became a member of the Bajitist
church in his native to\Vn. After a thorough aca-
demical [(reparation for college he entered Amiierst,
in which he graduated in 18.07, ranking third in
his class. He entered Newton Theological Seuii-
nary i^fter heaving Amherst, and took the full
course. After leaving Newton he became pastor
of the First Baptist church of \VaterviUe, Me., the
seat of Colby University. In 1865 he accepted tiie
chair of E<;cli,'.sia>tical History in Newton Theo-
logical Seminary, which he occupied with so much
acceptance and success that h* was elected to th<:
professorship of Christian Tiieology in the nc^wly
established school at llplund, I'a., the (^rozer 'I'Ih'u-
logical Seminary. He s|n'rit one year in prt'para-
58

tion for the duties of the new position, upon tlie
discharge of which he entered in the autumn of
18f)8 ; and he continues in that institution still,
giving his able co-operation in moulding the prin-
ciples and characters of men, not a few of whom
have already taken an honored place in the Baptist
ministry.

Several of his discussions of denominational and
other theological questions have been published in
reviews, in pamphlets, and otherwise. For eight
years he prepared for the Jiaptisl Teacher the ex-
positions of the International Sunday-School Les-
sons. This eiibrt involved and exhibited great
learning, given in wisely simple teiins. And it is
doubtful if the same work was ever performed as
well by another. He is the author of a volume of
respectable dimensions on '" Outlines of Theology,"
which he has not given to the public, and which
he uses in his class with so much success that his
students leave him the equals of the best-trained
theological graduates in our country, and the su-
periors of many of their young brethren. Prof.
Pepper is a nuin of extreme gentleness and mod-
esty, of the highest culture, the deejjest piety, and
the greatest worth. Mrs. Pepper is well and
widely known as a very able and ellicient worker
in every department of the Master's kingdom,
especiully in tlie cause of missions.

Periodicals. — See article on Bai'ti.st Liteua-

TUKE.

Perkins, Rev. Isaac, a native of Georgia, re-
movcil to ^Vrkansas about 183U, and gathered the
lirst Baptist church in Southwestern Arkansas.
He died in Hempstead (Jounty in 185"J. He was
moderator of Saline Association for about twelve
years.

Perren, Eev. Charles, the pastor of the West-
ern Avenue Uaptist church, (Jhicago, was born
Oct. 'I'l, 1830. His conversion took place when he
was fourteen years of age. Deciding to study for
the ministry, he entered the Canadian Literary In-
stitute, at AVoodstock, Ontario, wliere ho graduated
from the department of Arts, and that of Theology,
In l8tjl!he was ordained at A'ifuna, Ontario. Sub-
sequently, upon passing the senior examination of
the theological semiiuiry at Chicago, he received
the degree of B.D. in that institution. His former
))astorates have been at (jleorgetown and St. Cath-
erine's, Ontario. He Inis held his present one in
(Chicago some three years, enjo^'ing to an unusual
degree the confidence and afl'ection of the people
he serves.

Perry, Hon. Eli, was born in Cambridge, Wash-
ington ('o., N. v., Dec. ■!:>, 17'J'.), and died May 17,
ISSl. In early life he was baptized by Dr. Bar-
tholonu'W AVelsh into the fellowship of the Pearl
Sti'cet cliuich, Albany. Ho was possessed of a
lar":e mind and a ":cncr(jus heart. Christ was

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PERRY

gofi

PERRY

everytliinjj; to liiiii, :\nJ to liis oaiise ho coasecratoJ
his inoiiiis iiiid liis ollbrts. He vv:is for iiuiny yoiu's
the pcrsiiiiul friend of tlie sti-oni^ men who !^ave a
hiji;h eliaraetei- to the Pearl ,Stre(it ohiircli, in tiie
liaptist denoniiiiation, animii; wiioni were .J(idf:;o
I r.-i I liirri.s, I'ricud I Imnphn^y, and .lolju N. W ilder.

I'ossessin;:

i;i'eat i'avi:r. of eharacUci", niieoirMjuni

r-anae.ity, ami in-eproaehaldu int(^i;rity, eoiiihiued
with quiet simplicity and humilitj', he Ijecanie an
eminent citizen whom every one delighted to honor.
For seventeen years he was mayor of Alliany, a
longer period of service in that cilice than was ren-
dered hy any of his jjredccessors since the ineor|io-
ration of the city. As a memhcr of tiio Lct^isla-
tiire, and of Conjiress for two siiccessivo terms, he
enjoyed the conhdenoe of the bodies in whoso de-
liljerations he shared, and of his constituents. For
many years he was presiilent of the hoard of trus-
tees of his loved church, and for some time an
lionorcd deacon. For this community he cherished
a warm and an abiding atlecfion. He left i?]G,0(tO
to Emmanuel church and Sunday-school, and to
tiie Albany Baptist Missionary Union and the
Rochester Theological Seminary, at his death ; and
he made provision in his will that at the decease
of his widow, after the payment of several legacies
of $1000 each to <listant relatives, his entire estate,
estinnited to be worth S400,000, should be divided
into five ei|ual jiarts, and distributed as follows:
one-fifth each to lluchester and Hamilton Theolog-
ical Seminaries, and one-fifth eacdi to the Hudson
River Baptist Assooiation North, the American
Bajjtist Jlissionary Union, and the American Bap-
tist Home ^Mission Society. Tn life, Sir. Perry was
a generous contributor to all denominational and
charitable olijects, and he made arrangements that
after death his gifts should send forth streams of
beneficence lor generations. Few men were more
loved in life or more lamented after death.

Perry, Prof. Herman, A.M., was born in Wy-
oming, N. Y., Fell. 1-, 1^21. C'onverted and bap-
tized in early youth, and having remarkaide natural
graei' and great persuasive hn'co in addressing re-
ligions meetings, he was believed to be destined to
the work of preaching. With the approval of the
church he studied for the ministry, graduated at
Jladison University in 1840, received the degree of
A.M. from Uochcstcr University in 18o0, and com-
menced to preach ; hut was cnmpidled by his deli-
cate health to discontinue. He took charge suc-
cessively of the academies at Jlichburgh, N. Y.,
and Allegan, Mich. For the sake of his health he
removed to (-'alifornia in 18()8, and established at
Sacramento " The Young Ladies' Seminary," which
took rank among the b6it educational institutions
of the State. M^^ died Jan. 18, 1870, and his death
was felt to be a great loss by the Baptists of the
Pacific coast, in whose educational and beni^vcdent

enterprises he had been a wise counselor and gen-
erous supporter.

Perry, Rev. Joseph, was Ijom in Stanhope,
N. J., in Novemhin-, ISDG. \V'|]ile yet a young
nnui he was converted, and united witli the First
iSaptist church ni' Newark, N. J., Itev. 1). Hodge,
pasUu'.

So<Hi after his njarriagc he rennjved to Patiu'son,
N. J., and took a most prominent p;ut in the great
Washingtonian temperance movement. Here he
was lieimsed to preach by the First Baptist church.
Afterwards I'cmoving to Washington, J>. C, he was
ordained as a minister of the gospel.

Accepting an appointment as a home missionary,
lie went to Fairliix, A' a., his circuit extending to
Kichmond. From this field he removed, and took
charge of the Ilavcrstraw, N. Y., Baptist church.
From liaverstraw he was called to New Durham,
N. J., where he toiletl with wonderful courage to
ledccm the place from the control of rum. Alter
a struggle such as few men have encountered, with
his life almost constantly in danger, he overthrew
the liquor power, and transformed the village from
a state of riotous Sabbath-breaking to a lovely and
quiet abode. After building, by strenuous efforts,
a beautiful church, he closed a pastorate of six
years, and removed to Manahawkin, N. J., and
spent two years of hard and successful labor for
CUirist.

In 18.5'J he acee|ited a call to the Mariners' Bap-
tist Bethel, of Philadelidjia, wheie lor twenty
years he labored unceasingly among the sailors of
the merchant service, and among the seamen of the
U. S. navy on the receiving-ship at the Philadel-
phia navy-yard. At this port, through the gener-
osity of Wm. Bneknell, Esq. (still living), John
P. Crozer, Ca]>t. John Levy (both deceased), and
others, he built a neat church for seamen. At last,
after baptizing hundreds of sailors, and many
others, he was compelled by failing strength to
retire from the active ministry, lieeovering liis
healtii soon afterwards, he entered with renewed
energy upon general and heaven-blessed work for
his divine Master.

Two years of liappy unflagging toil follovired,
when a sudden and fatal attack of pneumonia ended
his earthly work, and ho went to his reward F<dj.
14, 1881, closing a life filled with most thrilling
incidents and adorned with tjliristian graces.

Mr. Perry was one of the best men in the Bap-
tist ministry in Pennsylvania.

Perry, Rev. Lewis. — Lewis Perry, a well-
known colored liaptist |)reacher of North Caro-
lina, was born in 1804, and became the body-
servant of Dr. Wiley Perry, an eminent physician
of Franklin County, about 1820. He became a
lover of Jesus at an early age, and during the
great revival whicdi visited the village of Lewis-

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PERRY

907

PERSECUTION

burg ill 1X30, In; \v;is eiiiiiii'iitly useful in instnu^t-
ina; and enuouriiging stniggliiii; penitents. lie
possessed a voice of great piitlios and power, wliieli
lie used with line ell'ect in singing and [)rayer, and
his pniai-liing, especially when touching on re-
ligious cxiiericnce, was impressive in a high degree.

His edncalion was ipiite limited. '|{y his own
unaided elforts hi! learned to read and write, and
attained a usel'iil knowledge of the simpler riili'S
of arithmetic. He was a close student of the liible
I'or many years, and few men were better acquainted
■with the teachings of the New Testament.

This good man had secretly acquired from ins
master's book.s, and a close study of ids practice, a
very respectable knowledge of medicine ; and such
■was the esteem in which he was held by the peo-
ple, and the eonfidenee of his master in his judg-
inent, that when Dr. L'erry liad lieconie quite old,
he would frequently send Lewis to see his patients,
■especially when called out at night. Indeed, the
old IJaptist preacher was familiarly known all over
the county as '' Doctor Ferry'' ; and so much es-
teemed wa.s he as a physician and a nurse that a
young man of his native county left liim a legacy
of a thousand dolliirs fur his attention to him during
his last illness.

lie died at the age of fifty-eight, and the respect
in wdiich he was held was nianifested by the very
large number of persons of all classes who attended
his funeral services.

Perry, Rev. Rufus L,, was born a slave in Smith
Co., 'i'eun., March 11, 1S34. lie learned to read
and ■write in early life, wiiich inspired him with
an irrepressible abhorrenci.' of slavery, and he ran
away to Canada in August, 1S.52. He went to
A\'indsor, opposite Detroit, and liy bard study soon
beeanie a sclioolmaster among the large body of
fugitives who had escaped from slavery.

lie was liopefuUy converted in 1854, prepared
for the ministry at Kalanui'/.oo Theological iSemi-
iiary with the class of 1801, and was ordained as
pastor of the Second Baptist church of ^Vnn Arlior,
Oct. y, 18()l, by a council, of which Kev. Samuel
Cornelius was moderator, and Prof. James R. Uoise
clerk, lie afterw-ards served as pastor at St. Cath-
arines, Ontario, and Hnlfalo, N. Y. In lyCi he
ent'tred upon a gi'iieral missiimary and educational
■work among the freedmen, and has, until the pres-
ent, labored for the education, evangelization, and
general elevation of his race, serving as super-
intendent of schools for freedmen, as editor of the
Sunheaiii, co-ordinate editor of the Amerii-aii Bap-
tist, editor of the I'cojilcs Journal, and editor and
publisher of the Naliunal Monitor. lie was for
ten years corres[)ouding secretary of the consoli-
dated American Ihifitist Rl^isionary Convention,
and lie is at present corresponding secretary of the
Aiiieriean Educational Association and of the Amer-

ican Baptist Free Mission Society, and editor of the
Nationid Monitor, of Brooklyn, N. Y.

Perryman, Rev. Elisha, one of the most use-
ful pioneer jireiiehers of the (ieorgia liaptists, was
Ijorn in lliilifax Co., Va., Feb. {\, \~(i\), of Welsh
iiiicest(n's, all of whom, on Imtb sides, us far back
as known, weri' Hlaneh Itaptists. His father eoiii-
inandcd a company, raised by himself, in the Ilev-
olutionary war, and, besides other engagements,
was present at the liattle of Guilforil Court-IIouse.
Cornwallis's army, and especially Tarlcton's troop- •
ers, in their ravages, so completely destroyed his
property, wdien encamped within si.'i miles of his
house, that he removed to Georgia with his family,
and settled on Big Kiokee Creek, twenty-two miles
from Augusta. Here Elisha Perryman, after much
mental distress, was gloriously converted in May,
1799. On the third Saljliath in August, 1801, he
was baptized liy Abraham Marshall, and joined
Kiokee church. (Iradually the eonvictinn that it
was his duty to preach grew upon him. He
studied liy lirelight at night; and he made it a
point to accompany Jesse Mercer and Abraham
Marshall to their appointments, in order to learn
the doctrines of Christianity. He gave himself en-
tirely to the ■work of an evangelist, confining him-
self to no one section of the country, but going
wlierever destitution abounded. In Junuary, 1810,
he removed to Warner ('ountj', and often would
make jireaching tours afterwards through Mont-
ginuery, I'hnaiiuel, Tatnall, and Bullock Counties,
and, at other times, would nnrke tours through
llichmond, Burke, Jefferson, and Severn Counties.
Again, he would sally forth among the northern
counties, and even sometimes into South Carolina,
traveling up and down the Savannah Riier. It
was thus that the Baptist pioneer preachers of
Georgia established their principles in the State.

The Lord blessed him with a strong constitution,
and, though he <lied Dec. I, 18r)7, in his eighty-
ninth year, he continued to ]ireach ■with vivacity
and vigor to the last, calling upon sinners to llee
from the wrath to come.

Persecution of Baptists in America. — John
Waller, Lewis Craig, and Jano's Cliilds, three Bap-
tist ministers, were arrested in Spottsylvania Co.,
Va., "for preaching the gospel contrary to law,"
and while in prison they proclaimed the good news
to listening throngs through the doors and windows
of the jail. In Middlesex and Caroline Counties,
Va., many Baptist ministers wore imprisoned for
preaching; they were subjected to the treatment
of common felons, and if jiossible to worse indig-
nities. William Webber and Joseph Anthony were
imprisoned in Chesterfield (!o., Va., for telling the
story of the Cross. James Ireland suffered impris-
onment in Virginia, and illegal anil wicked efforts
were made to kill him in jail because he was a

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PERFiECUTION

908

PERSEVERANCE

herald of Calvary. To keep the poo|)le from licar-
iiiif the im]irisoiii'il preaolicrs, walls were somotiines
built arimiiil the jails in which they were confined,
and half-ilriinkeii outcasts were liired to heat drums
to drown tlieir voices. When out of jirison in the
Old Doiuinion they were nioljbed ; while ininicrsini;;
convei'ts men ou hor.scdjaek would ride into the
water to create a disturlianuo. 'I'hey were oftiui
interrupted in their discourses and insulted, hut
they dos[)ised the jail, the lash, and the malicious
jeers. ANMien hunted like wild beasts, and de-
nounced as wolves in sheep's clothing, they meekly
replied, "That if they were wolves and their per-
secutors the true sheep, it was unaccountable that
they should treat tlieui with such cruelty; that
wolves would destroy sheep, but that it was never
known till then tliat sheep would prey upon
wolves." (Scniple's History of Viri^inia Baptists,
p. 21.)

In NtMV England, outside of Ithode Island, our
liretliren were frequently arrested for not paying
taxes to support the Congregational clergy. Women,
too, had their riglits recognized, and they were ar-
rested and robbed to support tlie ministers of their
neighbors. 'I'lie sacred tax-gatherers took from
the Baptists ''pewter dishes, skillets, kettles, jiots
and warining-]ians, workmen's tools, and spinning-
wheels: they drove away geesi; and swine and
cows, and when there was Ijut one it was not
spared. A l)rothcr recently ordaii\ed returned to
Stnrbridge, jNIass., for his family, when lie was
thrust into prison and kept during tlie cold winter,
till s(]me oni; jiaid his line and secured his release.
,Mr. 1). I''isk was robbi;d at Sturbiidge of live pew-
ter ]ilates anil a cow, .1. i'ln'ry ol' the baliy's craiUe
and a steer,-!. lilunt of andirons, shovel, and tongs,
and A. liloice, II. Fisk, John Streeter, lionjauiin
Koljbins, I'heni'has Collier, John Newel, Josiah
Perry, Natluinlel Smith, John Cori-y, and J. Bar-
stow of S|iinniug-wheels, household goods, cows,
ami of their liberty for a season." (iJackus's
Church History, ii. 04, ',15. Newton.) Stuvbridge
was Init a speciiniui of wliat was taking place all
over New lOngland, and of the love cherished for
our Baptist fathers by men who only dill'ered from
them aliont ))afitism. Early the persecution of
Baptists was commenced in Now England ; Roger
Williams was compelled to fly froni Salem to escape
illegal violence in 1035 ; the meetingdiouse of the
First J5aptist church of Boston, in 1G77, was closed
by order of the General Court of Massachuse'tts, and
after a little, whcni they \entured to use it ag:iin,
the doors were nailed up and a paper fastened on
them, which rend, ''All persons are to take notice
that by order of the coui't the doors of this house
arc shut up, and that they are prohibited from
holding any meeting therein or to o)ien the doors
thereof without license from authority till the Gen-

eral Court take further order, as they will answer
the contrary at their peril." (Ilildreth's History
of the United States, i. 497-199. New York.)

The town of Ashlield, Mass., was settled by iiap-
tists, and when it had a few Congregational families
in it tln^y built a church, called a minister, nml then
laiil a tax upcui tin: laud to meet the cost of the one
and the support of the other. 'I'he Baptists r<'l'usi!<l
to pay the church bills of their Puritan neighbors,
and immediately the best portion of the cultivated
land in the town was seized and sohl for trilling
sums to jiay their iniquitous dues. 'J'lie house and
garden of one man were takiui from him, and the
young orchards, the meadows, and the C(jrnlields
of others. 'I'he grave-yard of the ]5aptists was ac-
tually sold to liquidate the debts of a church with
which they had nothing to do, and to sujiport a
minister with whom tliey did not intend to wor-
sliip. These properties were sold in 1770 for
X.jO.lU, and tliey were worth £36ii..S. Tlie Con-
gregational minister was one of the purchasers.
This was but the first jiayment, and two otiiers
were to follow. (Minutes of the Philadelphia ]5ap-
tist Association for 1770, p. IGO.) Such were smne-
of the c(Mintless wrongs which our fathers sull'ered
even in this land.

Perseverance, Final. — The Saviour is the
Shepkcfd oi' his believing Hock. He says, " The
hireling lleetli, because he is a hireling, and caretli
not for the .sheep. I am the good shepherd, and
know my sheep, and am known of mine." — John x.
13, 14. Peter, speaking (jf Jesus, says, " Forj'C were
as sheep going asti'ay ; but are now returned unto
the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls." — I'^irst
fqiistle ii. 25. Christ will never leave nor forsake
his Hock. Besides, " He that keepcth Israel shall
not slumljer nor sleep. The Lord is thy keeper."
— Psalm cxxi. 4. Now, as the Sa\iour is the shep-
herd of his Hock, as he knows every one of them^
is always with them, and never slumbers, he can
n(iver lose a sheep. David risked his life whey a
mere 8tri|)ling in killing a lion and a bear to pro-
tect his (lock, anil is tlnu'c any likelihood that the
omnipotent Master of heaven will be a poorer
shepherd than David, and suffer the old lion of the
pit to rob his Hoc k ?

*• IliM lionor in engajjed to save
Tho iuCiiliL'St tit hih titiet'p;
All Umt Ills heavenly Fatlier gave
Hid liaiula scrurely Ueup."

CJirist never c/iancjes. lie knows everything in
the most hidden recesses of ibe pit. in the secret
parts of Satan's heart, in tiic lurliiiig-))laces of
earth, and in the coiu:ealed (juarters of heaven.
He has a perleet knowledge of the past and the
present; .and the entire future lies bare before
him. " All things are naked and opeiu'd unto the
eyes of him with wlnim we liav(^ to do." He is

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PERSR VERANCK

909

PERSEVERANCE

witlioiit iiiiy iiiotivo to change, iind cliiuigo witli
him is impossible, unless, indeed, some human
weakness should overtake the intelleet that has
jilaiuied and executed the cveaticjn. He commands
l'liili|] to join the eunuch's chariot and ]ireacli to
him ; the evangelist obeys, and soon the traveler
believes mid is baptized. Now, why does the Spirit
begin this work if it is ever Id be abandoned V
(/ould it agree with (Jhrist's wisdom and purpnses
(if love to begin a temple of salvation in the soul
wliieh Satan was soon to pull down and destroy?
He takes the same interest in every Ijeliever whieli
lie showed in the eunuch ; and as he is the Father
of lights, without variableness or the shadow of
turning, the work of grace will be carried on in
every .soul till the man reaches the heavenly rest.

The loBii of Christ is Jixi'd upon each one whom
liis Spirit calls to repentance. This is the only
reason for the regeneration of a single liuiiian being.
'JMiis love was born in Christ in the distant morn-
ing of a past eternity ; it led to the election of
each believer from everlasting, as I'aul says, '' Ac-
cording as he hath chosen us in him before the
foundation of the win-ld, that we should lie holy
and without blame before him in love."^Epli. i. 4.
What Jehovah declared in ancient times about
Israel is true of all the spiritual Israel to-day,
" Yea, I iiave loved thee with an everlasting love,
therefore with loving-kindness Imve I drawn thee."
— Jer. xxxi. o. As i'aul says, " lint (joii, who is
rich in mercy, for his groat love wherewith ho
hath loved us, even when we were dead in sins,
hath quickened' (made alive) us together with
Christ.'' — Epli. ii. 4, 5. ' 'I'ho love that gave Jesus
for us is (iod's, the love that made us alive as be-
lievers when we were dead in sins is Christ's, will
that love ever give up one. soul which it clicrislied
in its everlasting regards'? , Will the Saviour per-
mit one chosen and eternally loved friend to drop
out of his heart into the abyss'? Who shall sep-
arate us from the love of Christ'? Shall tribu-
lation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or
nakedness, or peril, m- sword'? Nay, in all these
things we are more than conquerors through him
that loved us. For I am persuaded that neitlun-
death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor
powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor
height, ncn- depth, nor any other creature (creation)
shall be able to separate us from the love of (Joel,
which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. Nothing created
can separate the saint from his Saviour's love, nor
sliull the Uncreated One.

The bdieveu- in his second birth is iiutde a new
creature, he receives a new heart with new tastes,
and while hia old love of sin, not wholly subducil,
may for a time, through the arts of the teiii|)ter,
lead him from God, yet he cannot remain in sin,
lie will one day become dissatislied with its husks,

and feel the famishing pangs of spiritual starva-
tion; and he will hunger for the soul-bread, M'hich
abounds in the house of his Saviour-Father; and
will arise and go to his Father. The carrier-
pigeon taken five or six hundre<l miles from its
home and set at liberty, immediately and swiftly
retiii'iis ; and so a soul, Imuii from above, will
surely awake to its wants and dangers, and nothing
out of heaven can keep it from the thnuie of grace,
and no one in the skii!s shall cast it out.

God's Word spe(d-s oj' tlie etcrnallij enduring life
given in conversion. In lloni. viii. 'J.',), 3U, we
read, ''Whom he did foreknow, he also did pre-
ilestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son,
that he might be tlie tir.-it-born among many breth-
ren. Mnreover, whom he did predestinate, them he
also called: and whom he called, them he also
justified : and whom he justilied, them ho also
glorilied." According to this inspired statement
every soul whom (Jod calls to repentance shall be
glorilied in heaven. The Saviour generally con-
nects faith in himself with everlasting life : " i\Iy
sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they
follow me : and I give unto them eternal life ; and
thci/ shall never perish, neither shall any pluck
them out of my liaiul. iMy Father, who gave them
to me, is greater than all ; and none is able to (iluek
them out of my Father's hand." — John x. 27, 28.
'' None," neither the believer himself, nor any one
else, shall tear a redeemed soul from the |irotecting
hand of the great Iledeemer's Father.

Several Scriptures are supposed to contradict the
passage just quoted, and others of kindred meaning,
one of which will full}' represent the others. It is,
" For if we sin willfully after that we have re-
ceived the knowledge of the truth, there remaiiietli
111) more sacrifice for sins, but a certain fearful
looking lor of Judgment and fiery indignation,
which shall devour the adversaries." — lleb. x. 2(5,
27. That these words threaten eternal death to
believers who sin «';/?/'((?/// there is no doubt; but
they do not declare that any one ever did sin will-
fully, or that any one ever shall. They simply
warn the children of God of the dreadful results of
such a crime, with a view to protect them from it ;
and this warning and others like it show that the
good Shepherd will use every ell'ort to keep his
word, in which he declares that he gives them eter-
nal life, and they shall never perish. I'aul, in the
ocean-storm, received the assurance from God that
there would be no loss of any man's life, but of the
ship. But when near the .shore the sailors were
deserting, he said to the soldiers, " Kxcept these
abide in the ship ye cannot be saved." I'aul in this
declaration did not contradict his favorable predic-
tion, he was taking steps to have it fulfilleil; and
every warning like Paul's in Hebrews x. 20, 27, is
but putting forth elfiU'ts to make the saints per-

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PETO

910

rETROBRUSIANS

severe, anil to prove tlie truth of I'luil's iissuniiioe in
]*liili|)pian,s i. (i, " IJeiiig contiilent of tliis very thing,
tliat he who liiilh Ijcgiin a good work in you will
jicvforni it, wilL coiiqilcle it (firirf/ioH), until the day
of Jesus Clirist." The Saviour never began the
iioedh'sM work id' saving a man in |iart; tho-e is no
sniiiL'i' om-e truly eonvrrted aiuoiig ihu iiiyiiuds of
the lost. Kvory eleotsoul is regenerated, and every
mail whom the S|ii)-it calls will lie glorilied.

Peto, Sir Samuel Morton, Baronet, was horn
at Wokins, Koirland, on Awi. 4, ISU'J. lie served

SIR SAMUEL MORTON PETO, BAHONET.

an apprenticeship of seven years witli liis uncle, a
builder engaged iu extensive operations, at whose
death, in 1830, he succeeded to a moiety of the busi-
ness. Ilis firm took part in the great work of erect-
ing the new Houses of Parliament at Westminster,

1 other important undertakin;

On the

liition of his partnership, in 1845, Mr. Peto en-
gaged extensively in railroad-building in England
and other countries. In some of these enterprises
he was associated with the eminent railroad-builder
Thomas Brassey. Towards the close of the Crimean
War, he undertook, witliout prospect of profit, tiie
construction of a railway from the liarbor of Uala-
klava to the British cainp before Sebastopol, and
inoMtoxpi'ditiously accomplished thisvaliiable work,
thereby facilitaliug ihe military operations and re-
lieving the hardships of the soldiers. In a|ipreeia-
tion of this patriotic service he was madi; a liaronet
of the United Kingdom, by a royal pati.'nt dated
Feb. 22, ISfi.O. Ilis conspicuous ability as a man
of business luid been recognized some years earlier

by tlic citizens of Norwich, who elected him to
Parliament in 1847, and also in 1852. He was
one of the members for the nictioi)olitan borough
of Finsbury from 185'J to 18(15, and in the latter
year was elected for Bristol, which scat he held
until the bankruptcy of his firm in the financial
troubles of ISiiCj Ii7. Sir S. Moiti/ii I'l to joiiird
the Baptist church at St. Mary's, Nfirwicli, during
the pastorate of the llcv. ^Villiaui Brock, and soon
won a distinguished name in the Baptist body.
On the death of W. B. Gurney, Esq., he w;is chosen
treasurer of the ^Missionary Society, and by his zeal
and munificence gave a great impetus to the mis-
sionary cause. Feeling the need of an enlarge-
ment of denominational ell'ort in the metropolis, he
built Bloiimsbury (Miajiel at his own cost, and
united with the church which Ih'. Brock gathered
there in 1848. He also purchased the building
known as the Diorama, in Regent's Park, and,
having converted it into a commodious and ele-
gant place of worship, induced the Kev. Dr. Lan-
dels to become the mii\ister of the church after-
wards formed tliere. Both these enterprises soon
became prosperous, and the rapid growth of the
Baptists in London and the neighborhood during
the last twenty-five years is largely due to the lib-
erality and energy of Sir Morton Peto. He was
one of tiie first to discern the remarkable gifts of
Mr. Spurgeou, and gave largely towards the erec-
tion of the Metroiiolitan Tabernacle. Kegent's
Park College and other Bajitist institutions of
learning shared in his generous regards, and ho
has latterly taken a deep interest in promoting the
efiiciency of the schemes of the Baptist Union I'or a
suitable provision for aged and infirm ministers.
Whilst in Parliaiaent, Sir Morton Peto was recog-
nized as a leader of the Nonconformists, and was
held in high esteem by all parties for liis fidelity to
his jirinciples and his unfailing courtesy of be-
havior. He puldished in I8fi3 a book on "Taxa-
tion, its Levy and Expenditure," and iu 18G6 " Ke-
sources and Prospects of America," the fruit of a
sojourn of several wi'eks in this country.

Petrobrusians, The. — Peter dc Bruys was the
Catholic ]iriest of an obscure parish in France,
which ho left, early in the twelfth century, when
Lie became a preacher of the gospel. IIuw he un-
Iciirned the gospel of the Seven Hills and was in-
structed in that of Calvary we cannot tell, lait
he was educated in both directions. Many Iloman-
ists, like Staupitz or Fenelon, have received the
saving knowledge of .Tosus and retained their con-
nection with the papal church ; but Peter abhorred
popery.

He taught that baptism was of no advantage to
infants, and that only believers should receive it,
and he gave a new baptism to all his converts; he
condemned the use of churches and altars, no doubt

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FUTU BAl'TISI (lilKCIi I'llI I. ADEl.l'Il [A, I'A.

Phri'ltOBRUSIANS

912

PETROBRUf^lANS

for tlio idolatry jiraotisoJ in tliotii ; he dunied that
the hody and blond of Christ are to be found in the
bread and wine of the .Snp)ier, and he tani;;lit that
the elements on the liOrd's table are but signs of
Christ's llesh and blood ; be asserted that the olfer-
ini^s, |iray('rs, and good works of the livini;' eonld
not profit the dead, thiVt their sta'te was lixed fur
eternity the nioinent they left the earth; like the
Knglish Haptists of the seventeenth eeiitnry, and
like the Quakers of our day, he believed that it was
wronji to sini;; tlie praises of Ciod in worship ; and
he rejected the adoration of erosses, and destroyed
tiiOMi wherever he found tbeur,

It is said that on a Uood-Kriday the Petrobru-
sians once gathered a great nuiltitudo of their
brethren, who brought with tiic;ni all the crosses
they eould timi, and that they made a large lire of
them, on wliieli they cooked meat, and gave it to
tlie vast assemblage. This is told as an illustration
of their blasphemous profanity. Their erueitixes,
and along with them probably the images of the
saints, were tlie idols they had been taught to wor-
ship, and when their eyes were opened they de-
stroyed them, just as the converted heathen will
now destroy their false gods, llezekiah did a good
thing in destroying the serpent of brasg, which' in
the wilderness had miraculous powers of liealing,
when the Israelites began to worship it as a god.

Peter's preaching was with great power; his
words and his influence s\ve|>t over great masses
of men, bending their liearts and intellects before
their resistless might. '' In Provence," says Du
Pin, "there was nothing else to lie seen but Chris-
tians rebaptized, churches profaned or destroyed,
altars pulled down, and crosses liurned. Tlie laws
of the church were (lublicly violateil, the priests
beaten, abused, and forced to marry, and all the
most saei'ed ceremonii_-s of the church abolishcil."

Peter de Bruys commenced his ministry about
1125, and such was his success that in a few years
in the jilaccs aljout the moiith of the Rhone, in the
plain country aliout Thoiilouse, and piirticularly
in that city itself, and in many paits of " (he )irov-
ince of (Jascoigno" he led great throngs of men
and women to Jesus, and overthrew the entire au-
thority of popes, bishops, and pri(^sts.

Had the life of this illustrious man been spared
the Hi?formation probably would have occurred
four hundred years earlier under Peter de Bruys
instead of Martin Luther, anil the Protestant nations
of the earth would not only have had a d(;liverance
from .four centuries of prieslly |irolligaey and wiile-
Npread soul destruction, but they would have -en-
tered upon a godly life with a far more Scriptural
creed than graml old Luther, still in a coiisiderable
measure wedded to Uomisli saeramentnii r . was
fitted to give them.

Peter and his followers were decided l'.:(|jtists,

and like ourselves they gave a fresh baptism to all
tlieirconverts. They reckoned that they were not be-
lievers when first immersed in the Catholic Church,
and that as Scripture baptism reijuired faith in its
candidates, which tbi!y did not possess, they re-
garded them as wludly unbaptized : and for the
same reason they repudiated the i<lea that they re-
baptized them, conlidently asserting that because
id' the lack of faith the^' had never been baptized.

Peter the Venerable, abbot of tMunyJ was born
in 1093, and died in llfiT. lie was distinguished
by scholarship, acuteness of mind, and Biblical
knowledge. He and St. Bernard were the two
leading ecclesiastics of France. Peter would re-
buke a ])ope if be deserved it without hesitation,
ami no other human licing was above his authority.
'I'he abbot had assailed the Jews and the Saracens
in two distinct works. And such was the extraor-
dinary success of the Pctrobrusians, and the great
difficulty of refutinj^ their arguments from the
Scriptures, that Peter felt compelled to come forth
and defend the deserted ecclesiastics and the church
threatened with ruin. AVe sliall quote somewhat
freely from the abbot to show the doctrines of these
grand iild Baptists. At the beginning of his pam-
phlet he states the five heads of the heresy of the
Petrobrusians.

In the first he accuses them of "denying that
little chililrcn imdcr years of rcsponsiliility can be
saved by the bii(itism of ('lirist; and that the faith
of another (alienam tidem, the faith demanded from
popish sponsors when a child was christened) eould
benefit tlio»e_ who were unable to exercise .their
own (faith) ; because, according to them, not an-
other's faith, but personal faith, saves with bap-
tism, the Lord saying, 'He who shall believe, and
,be baptized, shall be saved, but he that believeth
not shall be condemned.' '' This is the abbot's
first and heaviest charge against these ancient
Baptists. This accusation means that the Petro-
brusians refused to baptize children because they
were destitute of faith. The charge is repeated
frequently by the abbot of Cluny.

"The second capiliiluin says that temples or
churches should not be built, and that those exist-
ing should be torn down; that sacred places 'for
praying were unnece.ssary for Christians, since Ood
when addressed in supplication heard equally those
who in a warehouse and in' a church deserved his
attention, in a market-place and in a temple, before
an altar or belore a stalile." I5y this we under-
stand that the Petrobrusians did not believe in the
sanctity of bricks and mortar, and probably thought
that as llomish churches were nests of idnls and
scenes of blasphemous superstition, their destruc-
tion would be no crime.

"The third cii}iitnliiiii requires holy crosses to be
liroken and burned, because that frame, or instru-.

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PETHOBRUSIANS

913

rETROniiUSIANS

nient, on which Ohrist, so fiorcoly tortured, was so
cruelly slain, is not wortliy of adoration, or vuncr-
atiori, or of any supiilioation ; but to avungu Ins
torments and deatii, it should be branded with dis-
grace, liaciced to pieces witli tlie sword, and eon-
suined in tlie flames." The I'etrobrusians detested
the worslii|j of the crueilix, and |)rayers oll'ered to
it, and, liiie the Scotch Covenanters, they urj^^eil its
ilestnietion as a Christ-dishonorin,;^ idol.

■' Tlie fourth capiltilum denied not only the real-
ity of the body and blood of the Lord, as oll'ered
daily and constantly in the sacrament (Eucharist)
in the church ; Ijut judged that it was absolutely
nothing, and sliould not be oli'ered to God." In
this opinion all Protestants concur.

",The lifth cai>itiiliim holds up to ridicule sacri-
fices, prayers, charitalile gifts, and the otiier good
works performed by the faithful living for the
faithful departed." Peter then states that ho had
answered " these five heads," or heresies, "as God
Inid enabled liim." He might have added a sixth
capifulum, that the Petrobrusians wanted Scripture
fur everything and not the sayings of the fathers.
T'his is admitted in his discussion ol' their I'rrors.
The creed given by Pinter to these Baptists is excel-
lent as far as it goes. It is the I'altli of their
lirethren to-day. The abbot then proceeds to refute
these imaginary heresies si'paratcly. And under
the heading, " Answer to the Saying of the Here-
tics that Little Children should not bo IJapti/.ed
(Responsio con(Ta id ijiuid dieunt luerecici parvulos
nou posse ba|it_izari) he commences his attack on
the lirst capituliiin. Peter assumes without evi-
dence that the Petrobrusians believed that baptism
was essential to salvation; and lie takes up (heir
declaration that faitii was necessary to baptism, and
that not the faith of another but the faith of the
subject of bajitism, and tlien he proceeds with great
ingenuity to show how the faith of others ''saved"
persons, as he says, in the Saviour's day. Among
the cases which he brings forward is that of the
paralytic let down through the roof of the house
to the Saviour who was inside, and Peter f|Uotes
the gospel narrative. " And wlien hi! (Jesus) saw
Iheii- J'aitli he said. Thy sins are forgiven." . . .
Peter then says, '" What dcj you say to these
things? Behold, I relate this not from Augustine
(the godfather of infant baptism, whose arguments
have been its defensive weapons for ages, and were
very useful to the abbot) but from the Evangel,
which you say you trust most of all. At length
either concede that some can be saved by the faitli
of others (ali(u-um lide alios tandem posse salvari
concedite), or deny if you can that tlu! eases I
brought forward are from the Kvangel." This and
several similar instances of Inhaling in iIm' \cw
Testament where the faith of another e.xiM i -• d an
influence in securing healing, make the iif but jubi-

lant over the Petrobrusians. But the paralyzed
man hail faith himself, as well as those who brought
him to .Jesus.

Tliis theory is probably borrowed entirely from
Augustine. In his day the baptism of adults de-
manded faitli continuallj', and when he put forth
enormous efforts to change the subjects of baptism,
he still insisted ujion faith, tin; faith of sponsors
for unconscious babes. Ilonee he says, " A little
child is benclitcd by their faith by wlioni he is
brouglit to be consecrated" (in Ijajitism) (prodesse
parvTilo eorum fidem a quibus eonsecrandus ofier-
lur*) : " a little eiiild believes through another (the
sponsor) because it sinned through another"
(Adam) ([parvulus] credit in altcro rpiia peceavit
in alterof). Again, speaking of a little eliild, he
says, '■ It has the needful sacrament of the Media-
tor, so that what could not as yet be done by its
faitii is perlorined by the faitli of those who love
it" (nccessariuui hal.iet Mediatoris saeramentum, ut
quod per ejus (idem nonduni [lotest, per ediuni
qui dilignnt, fiatj). Speaking of baptism, Augus-
tine says, '' jMother-cliurch loans them (little chil-
dren) the feet of others that they may come (to it),
the heart of others that they may believe, and the
tongue of others tliat they may make confession"
(accommodat illis mater ecelesia alionim pedes ut
veniaiit, aliorum eor ut eredant, aliorum linguam
ut fateantur?). Augustine was in arms to compel
all Christendom to aiiopt infant immersion. He
was almost constantly declaring, '' Without bap-
tism little children can have no life in themselves"
(sine 1(110 [baptismo] nee ]iarvuli possunt habere
vitain in semetipsis|| ) ; and as Peter the Venerable
is fighting a similar battle with the Petrobrusians,
he stores his memory with Augustine's arguments.
No doubt it was this that led him to say about the
faith of those who carried the palsied man to Jesus,
"Behold, I relate this not from Augustine, but
from the Evangel."

Another common Pedobaptist argument is pre-
sented by Peter, the abbot, in these words, " The
nnbelieving husband is saved by the believing wife,
and the unbelieving wife is saved by the believing
iuisband." This he gives as a quotation from I
Cor. vii., and commenting upon it, he says, " If the
unbelieving wife is saved by the faith of tiio hus-
band, and the unbelieving husband is saved by
the faitii of the wife, why should not the child
be saved by the faith of husband and wife to-
gether?" This i,s a very natural question. But;
unfortunately for the abbot, Paul does not s|)eak of
e-ither husband or wife as being saved by the faitii
of the other. He represents the one as being

♦ Augilstini Operu OiiiNia, i. 131)4. Sligno, Puiisiis, 1844
t IJuni, V. 1:142. t I'l^:'". "'• <18-

S Idem, V. '.I5U. il Idem, x. 615.

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PETROBRUSIANSS

914

PETROnitUSIANS

SANCTIKIEU liy tlie otlicr. And the siinotificiitioii
lie reffi's to aCter its work is duiu' leaves its sulyect
an iinlicliuver. It is the U'Lial righteousiioss ol'
their woihled ndutiuiis aiul the le^itiiuaey of their
children of vvhieh the aiiostle is sijeakiiig. 11'
indeed a Christian hidy eoiild j;ive not only her
own heart liut the love of' Christ and (lie heavenly
inlj(!ritaiice to lier oiilielievinj: hnshaiul, and allow
him still to rcijiaiii in iinljidiel' and sin, it would
make a niiion with her an uiiliearil-of attrac;tion.
And the same would he true of the Ijelleving hus-
band. Bnt I'eter iiiisciiiotes the Vulgate, the only
copy ol' the Seri|itiu-es wdiich he had. It has not
his siilonlar, hut sanciiji -atua and aanvlljicata est.

In aneient times, after the heresy sprang into ex-
istence .that water baptism was necessary to salva-
tion, it was believed that martyrdom, or a baptism
in one's own blood, would siijiplv the place ol the
saving immersion. I'eter turns this* to ingenious
aeeoiint. lie says, " If the martyrs by a personal
faith are saved without baptism (in water), why
may not little children, as 1 have said, be saved by
baptism without a personal faith';"' Or we might
add. Why may they not be saved like the martyrs
without any baptism '! Treating of the commission
of the Saviour, the baptismal creed of the Petro-
brusians, he says, '"He who believeth not shall bo
damned.' You think, forsooth, that little children
are held by this chain, and because they are not
able to believe, that baptism will protit them no-
thing. But it is 'nbt so; the sacred words them-
selves show this; they do not show it to the blind,
but to those who see; they sliow it to the humble,
not to the liaiighty. 'Go,' says the Lord, 'into all
the world, and preacdi the gospel to every creature.
He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved ; he
that believeth not shall be condemned.' These woih^
terrify the rebellious ; they do not condemn tlie in-
nocent, they strike iniquity ; they do not strike
irresponsible infancy, they destroy despisers (d'
grace; they do not condemn the simplicity of na-
ture (innocent children). . . . Restrain, therefore,
the excessive severity which you assume, and do
not aim to apfiear more just than him, all whose
ways are mercy and truth, nor shut out little chil-
dren from the kingdom of heaven (by refusing to
baptize them), in reference to whom he has said,
'Of such is the kingdom of heaven.'" Peter's in-
terpretation of the ciindemnation of the commission
is Correct; it does not eomlemn any who cannot be-
lieve. I5ut his inference from it that infants should
be baptized is childishness fiu" the imaginary ad-
vantage of infants. All infants are saved without
baptism, as the I'etrobrusians believed. The c(nii-
mission has only to do with believers and their bap-
tism, and the penalty vi unbelief when persolr^ \\:<: c
heard the gospel in years when faith is pos.^il,h .
Peter proceeds to take up the old argument w 'liih

Augustine uses, and which has such a modern and
familiar sound : " For thus afterwards Cdirist the
Lord placed holy baptism in his chureli, the sacra-
ment of the New Testament fur tlo- eircumeision
of the llesh." (Sic eliani postcpiain Pominus
Chrislus in ecclesia sua sacrameiuum Novi Testa-
menti pro eircumeisioue carnis sanctum baptismum
dedit. Augiistini Opera Omnia, ii. HIST. Migiie,
Parisiis, IS-lli.) And he says, "For it is very dis-
graceful and impious that we should refuse that to
the little children of Christians which we grant to
the little children of Jews, . . . for neither does
the law prevail over the gospel nor Moses over
Christ. . . . The little children of the Hebrews
were circumcised by divine command on the
eighth day, x\ni\ piirijrd J'ntin urit/initl nin. Where,
then, was the faith of the boys? 'What was their
understanding id' the saeraiiient which they re-
ceived'.' \V'hat was their knowdedge of divine
thini's'/ ^Vhere are you wdio condemn Christian
little children'/ The little children of Jews are
saved by the sacrament of eircumeision, and shall
not the little children of Christians be saved by
the sacrament of baiitism '? The Jew believes, and
his son is cleansed from sin ; the Christian believes,
aiid shall not his child be freed from similar guilt'?
There is no faith in the little children of Christians,
but neither is there any faith in the little children
of Jews^ yet they are f!<ived by the faith of ajiother
when circumcision is received, and these (little
children) are saved by the faith of another (the
sponsors) when baptism is received."*

'We have made these quotations to show how
vigorously the Petrobrusians denounced baptism
on the ''faith of aiioi/ie)-'' and insisti'd on personal
faith. Mucli more might be introduced from the
celebrated assault of the abbot of Cluny, but from
what lias lieen placed before the reader from Peter
the Venerable, it is clear that the Petrobrusians
were very decided Bible Baptists, — Baptists ready
for anything on earth except a renunciation of their
Scriptural principles. The other four charges of
Peter are quite as favorable to the general ortho-
doxy of these ancient brethren.

Their immense strength to resist the church and
make converts is seen in the extraordinary pains
Peter takes to arm himself with all the weapons of
.Vugustine and with such as he had made himself,
and in the extremely skillful use wdiich lie makes
of them. It is refreshing to read a treatise written
seven hundred and tliirty-six years ago against a
powerful body of Baptists by a very able theolo-
gian. Augustine directed the most subtle argu-
ments against the men who held Baptist principles
in his day ; but our people, wdieii crushed, have

* Piitil. Lilt., dxxxix. mi. 722, 72(1, 752, 764, T.'j.'j, 7;7, 758.
BJigue, I'ai isil!^, 1S'i4,

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910

PIIILADHLI'IIIA

only been overoumo lur a tiiiiL', and tljun ri.'OL'ivod
fresli lilb again ; and beyond a doubt our doctrines
will iinally seize the wbole race and bless all na-
tions.

Phelps, Mrs. Sophia Emilia, adaugliter of Rev.
Jauies Harvey Linslcy, a Baptist niinister,was born
Nov. ](i, 182;;; married, Aug. 120, KS47, Rev. S. D.
l'hel|is, \).\). ; a graceful and popular writer ; author
of a niunioir of her father ; frequent contributor
to journals, especially to the Christian Sccretari/ ;
writer of the expositions of the .Sahbath-Seliool Les-
sons of tlie Inttn-initional Series in the Christian
Sccreliirij ; succiissful teacher of liible-elasses ; gives
to Sunday-sehool teachers weekly lectures in Hart-
ford, before nuMji\)ers of dilVorent ilenuminations.

Phelps, Sylvanus Dry den, D.D., editor of
Chrisiiita Stcrctdiy, son of C'apt. Israel and

SVI.VAN'IJS DUVnEN TUEI, rs, U.li.

Mercy (Stevens) Phelps, grandson of Deacon Judah
Phelps, of the Revolutionary war, was born in Suf-
field, Conn., Jlay li>, l.Si6; worked on farm and
taught winter schools ; had great fondness for
books; converted in 1834; bajitized, in 18.'i8, liy
Rev. I\I. 0. Clarke: united with Second IJaptist
church in Sullield while a member of the Cunnee-
ticnt Literary Institution, where he fitted for col-
lege; licensed to preach ui 1840 ; taught in (!onni!e-
ticut Literary Institution and Southwick Academy,
Mass. ; entereil Brown University, and graduateil
in 1844; same year entered Yale Theological Semi-
nary; sujiplied Baptist church in Bristol, an I iifr^i-
wards First Baptist cliurcli in New Haven, wii ..■
lie settled as pastor Jan. 21, 184ii, and rciiia:ii..i

twenty-eight years, during wliicli time 1217 united
with the church, 015 by liaptisiii, and four colonies
went out to ibrm new churches. In 1871 the pres-
ent church had 8()U members, — largest evangelical
church in the Stale; called at same time to two
churches, but settled, in 1874, with Jefferson Street
church in Providence, R. I. ; on death of Rev. E.
Ouslunan became proprietor and editor of Christian
Secretary, Hartford, Conn., for which he had pre--
viously largely written ; in 1859-00 spent about a
year in Europe and the East ; a brief trip to Europe
in 1872; has wriden and published ; a volume of
poems in 1842; another, " Klo(iuence of Nature,
and Otiier Poems;" yet another, in 1855, "Sun-
light and Hearthlight ;" in 1805, a vobniie of selec-
tions from previous volumes, with new poems; in
1802, a prose volume, '"Holy Land," etc., passing
through nine editions ; " Sermons in the Four
Quarters of the Globe ;'' delivered )joenis at eolk-ge
commencements; written numerous articles for re-
views and periodicals ; often lectured on Egypt and
the Nile; easy and graceful writer of ju-ose and
■^loetry ; |>opular and honored preacher : received
degree of i).D. from Madison University in 1854;
married, Aug. 26, 1847, Sophia Emilia Linsley, of
Stratford, Conn.

Philadelphia Baptist Association, The, was
formed on the " twenty-.seventh day of ilie seventh
month, on the seventh day of the week,''' in the
year 1707. The meeting lasted till the third day of
the week following. Before the formation of the
Association the churches had a general meeting for
]ireaching and administering the ordinances, which
was lield in different places. The llrst was held at
Salem, N. J., in 1088 ; this was about three months
after the Lower Dublin church was constituted.
The next was held at the latter cliureh, the next
at Philadelphia, and the fourth at Burlington.
Others were imld in v;u-ious jilaces. The people
with whom the brethren met called tlie gathering
a yearly meeting because it met with them liut
once a year, but those who attended all the sessions
of this body S|ioko of it as a quarterly meeting.
The Association -was designed to differ from the
yearly meeting chietly in this, that it was to be a
body of delegates representing churches, and the
yearly meeting had no representative character.

The brethren who constituted the Association
came from Lower Dublin (Penncqiek), Miildletown,
Piscataqna, Cohansey, and Welsh Tract.' The
Philaiielphia congregation, though giving its name
to the Association, i.s not rcprosonted as a constit-
uent member, because it was regarded as a branch
of the Lower Dublin church. Morgan Edwards
mentions with evident satisfaction, that though the
Association was formed of but five churches, " It
has so increased since as to contain thirty-four
churches (in 1770), exclusive of those which have

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PlllLABELPniA

\n

I'lllLADKLl'HIA

been detacliud to form !iMotli«i' Association." In
1879 the AsbOcintion luul 81 cluuclii's, with a ineni-
bin-ship of ni;ai-ly 2-1,000.

The inlhionoe of the Pliiladelphia As.sooiation
lias been i^reatei- in shaping 15apti.st moth's of
thinkinj; add worliiii^, tliaii any other body in ex-
i.stence. It is ohlcr by nearly lifty year's tlian any
other Association. Its ''Confession of Faith'' and
"Treatise of Discipline" have wielded an immense
power in favor of orthodo.xy and piety among our
risiim; churches. It has ever been tlie warm friend
of missions at homo and abroad, its ministers
niakini;' missionary tours all over our country. It
has always been the fjiend of Sumlay-sihools since

What our denomination would have been in tliis
country without the I'hilatlelphia Association is an
interesting (juestioTi. A\ e cannot suppose that the
Associational institution would have had no ex-
istence among us. It flourished in I'lnglaiul long
before 1707. But this mother Association had men
of learning even in her early history, with sound
Baptist )n'inciples, great jiractical sagacity, and
with a love for struggling Baptists in the farthest
East and in the most distant .South ; and, as a conse-
quence, the Associational plan became popular, and
the spirit of the old Philadelphia body was grafted
upon every kindred institution all over the land.
j Nor did this ancient body look coldly upon the

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iiM-risT ncjMK or iMiii..\ni:i.i'Ui,\.

the system was first presented to its churches. It
encouraged the school of Isaac Eaton, of llope-
widl, N. J., fur the preparation of young men for
the ministry, the first Ibifitist institution of that
character in America; and it founded Brown
University, firmerly Rhode Island College, and
through it, indirectly, all our seminaries of learn-
ing. As early as I7NS it took its stand in favor
of temperance. It was a tower of strength to
our persecuted bri!thren in other colonics in
times when they sull'ered great legal oppression.
It gave them linancial aid and gooil counsel, and
lent the weight of its great inlluehcc in sec'king a
redress of grievances from men in pcjwer ;,ih1 it
has ever denninded liberty for all men to \'.i.i>hip
God according to the dictates of their consei.-.n/L-s.

crushed liberties and the struggling warriors of
their country in Revolutionary times. On the lOtli
of Octtdjer, 1781, our army nnidc its victorious entry
into Yorktown ; on the li3d the Association was
in session ; on the night of that day the old watch-
men of Philadelphia cried, '" Twelve o'clock and
I all is well, and Cornwallis has surrendered."
' The next nnirning the Association met at' sunrise
to bless (jlod for the glorious news, and to re-
cord their gratitude in appropriate resolutions.
The mother Association of our land has a preeious
record.

Philadelphia, Baptist Home of, was chartered
in IM/'.). Its oliject is " to pi'o\iile a place of resi-
dence fur iriembers of Baptist cliurehes who ma}'^ ■
by reason of age, inlirmitics, or jioverty, become

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PHILADELPHIA

918

PHI UPS

incapaltle ofsiipiioi'ting themselves luul their raiiii-
lies, and also to allonl such |ier.sOMs other relief,
iiiid in such other way, as the tni ueos may deem
linident and udviNalile." 'J'he trustees have an-
tliority to admit, members of other Christian
chiirelies whenever speeial contrihntions are made
for that purpose.

The manai:;ement consists of a lioard of trust(M's,
uho must he members of liaptist ehnrehes, and of
a board ol' lady niammors, consisting of represen-
tatives from the liaptist churches of Philadelphia
and vicinity. To tliu former belongs the duty of
-secnrinj^ titles, investing trust funds, and other
legal matters, and to the lady managers is assigiKnl
the entire management of the institution, the ad-
mission and care (d' the inmates, and the procuring
of fnnils to meet the rei{nired expenses above the
amount I'uniished by the partial en<lowment of
$30,01)0.

-Mr. George Nugent, President; lion. 11 G.
Jones, Secretary; and Mr. Levi Knowles, Treas-
urer, of the board of trustees, have served from the
date of orgauination with great zeal and tididity.
The ollicers of the lady managers are Mrs. L.
Knowles, President ; Mrs. John Mustin, Vioe-
I'resident; .Mrs. P. (i. .McCoUin, Corres|)Onding
Secretary ; Miss Anna M Friend, Recording .Sec-
retary ; Mrs. C. II. Banes, 'treasurer. Mrs.
Knowles and Mrs. .McOnllin have tilled the offices
assigned to them from tho foutnjing of the institu-
tion, and to the wcj.nderfnl e.xecutivo ability of the
former and the enthusiasm and persevering zeal
of the latter, aiiled by a noble band of Haptist sis-
ters, the home is largely indebted for its success
and popularity.

'I'he building is located at Seventeenth and
Norris Streets, upon a plot of ground valued at
5r.'J0,OO(), the generous gift of Deacon Joseph F.
Page, of the First Baptist church. It- has a hand-
some e.\terior, and is especially adapted by its plan
for the purpose for which it is used. Buift with
-wings forming three sides of a scpiare, and sur-
rounded by ample grounds, laid out with walks
and shrubbery, its appearance is one of great
beauty. 'I'liere are rooms for 85 innnites. The
-charge for ailmission is i?200 wlieu under seventy
years, and 5;l50 when ov(u- that age.

As its mime indicates, it is a home, and it is re-
markably free from the cheerlessness that too fre-
<iuentiy mars |)lai:es of public charity, and, on the
contrary, it possesses an air of comfortand content-
ment that reflects the highest credit upon the Chris-
tian benevolence of the denomination.

Philadelphia, The Fifth Baptist Church of,

■was founded in 1S24, by members of the SanMim
Street church, organized by Dr. Staughton. i
cost about §100,000, and was dedicated to the mi
ship of Almighty God, Oct. 13, I8tJ4. It wa- | ,ii 1

for before it was used for divine service. Its mem-
bership, as reported to the Philadelphia Association
in October, 1S80, was .OX I. Kev. 15. 1). Thomas is its
highly eslei:Hied pa-slur, (See illustration, |i. '.I I I.)

Philadelphia, Memorial Baptist Church of,

was organized in July, 18118, by Kev. P. S. Hen-
son, D.I). ; its chapel was built soon after the forma-
tion of tho church. The nniin edillcc was <;ompleted
and dedicated in February, 1871). The latter build-
ing will seat l.")00 persons. Doth structures and
lots cost $10'), 500, and the chnrch has no debt. It
had in October, 1880, a membership of 042. (See
illustration, p. 015.)
Philadelphia, Second Baptist Church of,

was organized in March, ISO:;. It has had seven
pastors since it was formed, si.x of whom have left
the church militant ibr the heavenly assembly.
\\^iHiam Cathcart, D.D., the seventh pastor, has held
his oliiee since April, 1857. The chureh is strongly
Calvinistieal and warmly missionary. It has paid
the present pastor's salary every month since April,
1857, a few days before the time, except on two
occasions, when it was received on the day it was
dm!. It had a membership in'Octolier, 1880, of
707. Its present church edifice is a two-story
building, 65 by 100, with a front 70 feet 0 inches
wide. It was dedicated in iMarch, 1875. It c6st
S93,500, and it is entirely paid hn-. The design of
its nuigniliccnt front was evidently taken originally
from the ancient chureh of the ^Vbhey of Sainte Gene-
viiive, in Paris, founded by Clovis, and rebuilt from
the eleventh to the thirteenth century, an engraving
of which is in Lacroi.\'s " Manners, Customs, and
Dress of the Middle Ages," p. 40. London.
Philips, Prof. G. Morris, A.M., was born at

Penninglonville (now Atglen), Chester Co., Pa.,
Oct. 28, 1851. He was fitted for college in his
native village, and entered the university at Lewis-
burg in 1807. Having completed the regular clas-
sical course, he graduated in 1871, taking the
second honors of the largest class which has ever
graduated from the university. In the ensuing
autumn he assumed the chair of Mathematics in
Monongahcla College, which position he filled most
acceptably for a year and a half. From 1873 to
1878 he held the chair of Higher iMathematics in
the State Normal School at AVest Chester, Pa.,
where he soon became known most favorably as an
enthusiastic and successful instructor. While in
that position he declined an appointment to the
county superintendency. In 1878 he was ap-
pointed Professor of .Mathematics and Natural
Philosophy in the university at Lewisburg.

Prof. Philips is a most careful and accurate
scholar, with great breadth of mind, and a large
acquaintance with literature, especially in the line
of science. As an instructor he has few equals for
clearness of statenn;nt, earnestness of manner, and

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D li^lTlbl IIIIUCII, 1)I1L\DELPHH, lA

PHILIPS

920

PICKET

ability to iiwaken eiitliusinsm. His genial iiiiui-
ners, tiiorouglmess of work, and lai'j;i' (Miriatiaii
sympatliy endear him to all who come under liis
iiilhienee. At the present writing he is engaged
with Prof. Sliarpless, oC llaverlbrd College, in pre-
paring a new text-hook on astronomy.

Philips, Judge John W., was horn iii Wilson
Co., Tenn., July 1, l.S;)7. lie graduated at Alle-
ghany College, I'a., in 180U. Made a profession
of religion in Meadville, Pa., while at college, in
the sin'ing of 18.j9, and joined the Baptist church.
lie took his letter from the Meadville church to the
Round Lick iJaptist church in Wilson Co., Tenn.,
and from it he came to the Second Baptist church
of St. Louis, in 1873, of which he is now a inemher
andadeaoon. lie superintends the Olivet Mission
of the Second church.

He was elected judge of the seventh judicial
circuit of Tennessee, hy the people of that circuit,
hy a large majority ; every vote in the county
where he lived was cast fnr him except six. There
were four counties in the eireuit. Judge Philips
raised a company for the Union army and per-
formi'd honorahh.' service, and was made colonel
ol' hi-s regiment, lie is now a lawyer of success-
ful practice in St. Louis, in the firm of Philips &
Stewart.

Philips, Dr. M. W., the veteran agricultural
editor of the .South, was horn in South Carolina
in 180G ; graduated at .South Carolina College in
1826; graduated in tJie medical departunint of
Pennsylvania University in 1829; setth^d in Mis-
Bissip]ii in 1.83(J; soon liecame distinguislied as a
Kcientilic farinci', and contributor to agricultural
journals; became a Baptist in 1849, and at once took
an active )>art in church work, espi^cially in the pro-
motion of edueatiou, and was chielly instrumental
in the purchase of Mississippi College ainl the es-
tablishment of Ceni;ral Female College at Clinton,
Miss. After the war he removed to Memphis,
Tenn., nTid became editor of the Southern Faniit-r.
This he gave up in 1877 to take cliarge of the Farm
and the Agricultural professorship of the University
of Mississippi, a position he still holds.

Phillips, Rev. William, was born in Province-
town, .Mass., Aug. 21, ISlll. In his boyhood his
I'amily riMiioved to Pawtucket, II. 1. At the age
of seventeen lie became a Christian, and was bap-
tized by Dr. Benedict, then the pastor of the Ba|i-
tist church in Pawtucket. At once ho began to
speak and perform other service in the social meet-
ings, ami was so acoeptalile to his brethren that
his past(n' sent for him, and asked iiim if ho had
over thought it would he a privilege to preach the
gospel. The jouug man replied that it was a pleas-
ure to him to take part in the ndigioiis meetinv^
whicli ho attended, hut he felt that an insupcral :<•
obstacle lay in the way of his ohtaining an edi.. .i

tion, as he was the solo stay and support of a
widovvi'd mother. In the providence of God it
was found that tliis obstacle could be removed, and
the way was opeueil for him to lit for collcjge, under
the tuition of Dr. Benedict. lie entered Brown Uni-
versity in 1822, and graduated in 1820. In the class
were several meiuljers who were afterwards distin-
guished in their professions in life. Among these
may lie mentioned Kev. (ieorge Burgess, D.D., the
I'jpiseopal bisho]i of Maine, Hon. John Kingsbury,
LL.D., and Prof. Edwards A. Park, D.D. On leav-
ing college Mr. Phillips did not take a course of
theological study, but in the March following his
graduation he was ordained pastor of the church
in North Attleborough, JIass. lie remained here
until the fall of 1828, when he accepted a call to
the Third Baptist church in Providence, R. I., and
conimenceil his ministry there the lirst Sabbath in
Novemljcr, 1828. He continued with this church
eight years, when he was invited to become the
pastor of the First Ba])tist church in (Uiarlestown,
Mtiss. He remained here until the fall of 1841,
when, his health having failed, he resigned his
olHce and removed to Proviilence, U. 1., wliere he
has lived ever since. For one year he suspended
regular ministerial lalnir. \t the end td' that lime
his health was sullieiently restored to enable liim
to sup|jly churches, although he has never been
a regular [laritor since he left Charlestown. For
five and a half years he thus supplied the church
at Fruit Hill, in the neighb(n'liood of Providence,
and for eight years the church at Lonsdale, li. 1.
While lining this last engagement he went abroad,
extending his trip U|i the Nile as far as Thehes,
and visiting also the Holy Land, spending several
weeks in Jerusalem.

jNIr. Phillips resides at iiis pleasant homo in the
suburbs of Providence, respected and lieloved by
a largo circle of friends. He was made a muiiiher
of the corporation of Brown University in 18u0.

Phippen, Rev. George. — At the residence of

his daughter, Mrs. J. W. Mills, in Chicago, May
15, 1873, died Ilev. George Phippen, in the eighty-
fourth year of his age. He was bmn in Salem,
Mass., Feb. 2, 1790, baptized into the lollowshiij of
the Ba|)tist church there by Itev. Lucius Bidles, Aug.
25, 1805, and ordained at .Middletown, (.!onn., June
11, 1812, after graduating at Brown Univi:rsity.
His successive pastorates were at Aliddletown Cen-
tre and Suffield, Cuiiii., West Troy and Newburgh,
N. Y., Tyringham and Lee, Mass. He had an in- .
fluential share in the establishment of tlie Connec-
ticut Literary Institution at Sulfield, and was suc-
cessively secretary ami president of the Fiducation
Society in that State. He closed, in llie peaceful
'piy of one departing to be with (Hirist, a long life
(■I' marked liilelity and usefulness.

Picket, Rev. John, was horn in King and Queen

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riKi:

Co., Va., Jun. 14, 1744. In early life lie wiis I'ond
of spoi'ts and frivolous iiiuiiseinciits. On :i visit to
North Carolina tlio Saviour called him into his
jieaoe. He was l)a|iti/.ed in I7<'>l). A year after
he returned to Virji;''nia. In ITtlS a oliuioli was
formed in Fau(|uier, Va., chiefly through his in-
strumentality; the church was called Carter's Run.
Mr. Picket was ordained its pastor in 1772. His
prosperity in winning souls soon drew [jersecutiun
upon him. A moh broke into the meeting-house and
split the pulpit in pieces. The nuxglstrates sent
the pastor to prison, where he preached God's Word
to the salvation of great numbers. When he was
released from prison he proclaimed Jesus with
greater zeal than ever, extending his labors into
Culpeper and over the Blue Hidge, where at the
tirst baptism that ever took place in Shenandoah
fifty were immersed. Mr. Picket loved the Saviour
intensely, was never weary in laboring for him,
was honored by great usel'nlness in the service of
Jesus, and he led a saintly life, lie died in June,
1SU3.

Pidge, Rev. John Bartholomew Gough, the

son of Ivhvin and .Mary K. Pidge, was born at
Providence, H. I., Feb. 4, 1844 ; was educated in
public and private schools at Providence, and sub-
sequently entered lirown University, graduating
therefrom in 1860 ; graduated also at Newton
Theological Institution in 1809. While a student
at Newton ho translated Braune's '' Commentary
on Philippians," from thoGerman, under the super-
vision of Dr. Ilackett ; was ordained Sept. 8, 1809,
and became pastor of the church at Lawrence,
Mass. In 1871 he declined a call to the professor-
ship of New Testament Exegesis from Crozer Theo-
logical Seminary. In April, 1879, he accepted a
call to the pastorate of the Fourth church, Pliila-
delphia, in which held of labor he continues a min-
istry that has greatly endeari;d him to -one of our
largest churches.

Mr. Pidge is a man of studious liabita, of schol-
arly attainments, and of marked |)ulpit power.
His sermons are fruitful in the results of close ap-
plication, and are well calculated to enrich the
minds of those who wait upon his ministrations.

Pierson, Rev. Nicholas, an English Baptist,

who settled in llortcm, Nova Scutia, about 1775;
was ordained, Nov. 5, 1778, pastor of the Baptist
church at Ilorton, formed seven days previous; the
first Baptist cliurch organized in the Maritime Prov-
inces. Mr. Pierson continued pastor till his re-
moval to New Brunswick in 1791, where he died
some years after.

Pike, Rev. James C, an eminent minister of
the English (jenio'al Baptists, and for twenty-two
years socn^tary of their Foreign .Missions, wn^ L.irn
June !20, 1817. His father, the author of '' P>:i -.loi-
sives to Early Piety," was gratified to see in hi-. .>'vn
09

.^on what ho so earnestly commended to the young
generally. After a course of study at Stepney Col-
lege, he commenced his ministry at Wisbech, as as-
sistant to the llev. Joseph Jarrom. He labored
here Iburteen years, and then I'cmoved to Leices-
ter, where, in two pastorates, he spent the remain-
ing years of his life. In 18;'^,') he was chcjsen secre-
tary of the Foreign Missions, in the place of his
father, to whose faith and zeal it owed its origin.
His industry and courage, as well as Ijodily strength,
were severely taxed by the burdens laid upon him
as a pastor of a large church and the responsilile
director of the missionary work. But he was a
workman who needed not to be ashamed. lie died
August, IS7ii, aged fifty-nine years.

Pike, Rev. John G., was born at Edmonton,
England, April 6, 1784. His father, the Rev. Dr.
Pike, had formerly been a clergyman of the Estab-
lished Church, from which he sei:i'ded for conscience'
sake, and became the minister of a Presbyterian
congregation in the neighborhood of London.
AVhen in his eighteenth year he was entered as a
student for the ministry at an Iude|)endent college.
Whilst |)ursuing his studies the subject of baptism
powerfully attracted iiis minJ, and he was led \>y
his convictions to abandon the Pedobaptist senti-
ments in which he lia<l been brought up. He was
baptized by the only Baptist minister he was ac-
quainted with in August, 18(J4, but did nut join
any Baptist church until 1808, when he was re-
ceived into the church in London under the pastoral
care of the eminent General Baptist minister, Dan
Taylor, b}' which he was soon after formally licensed
to preach. After preaching for some time without
a fixed engagement, he accepted si call to the Gen-
eral Baptist church in Derby. His success was
attested by the rapid increase of the congregation
and numerous baptisms. The church edifice was
ituvdequate, and, notwithstanding the commercial
depression of the period, a new and much larger
building \\'as erected. His scanty income obliged
him to commence a boarding-school for the support
of his family, but his ministerial labors were abun-
dant in Derby and all the neighborhood. He threw
hiuLself heartily into the work of foreign missions,
and eo-operated with Andrew Fuller and the Par-
ticular Baptists until the General Baptist Alission
was organized. Mr. Pike was immediately chosen
secretary of the society. Besides these labors his
pen was ever buiy. His "Persuasives to Early
Piety" and "Guide for Young Disciples" had a
wide circulation and wen^ eminently useful. Be-
sides these works, which are everywhere known
and deservedly esteemed, he wrote other practical
works of great value. During his long (lastorato
at Dcrliy, which was terminated only by his death,
he lived in the all'ei^tion of his people and enjoycil
the esteem of all classes of the community. He

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PlLGRBf

922

PITMAN

died suddenly, seated at liis desk with liis (ion in
hand, Sopt. 4, 1855, aged seventy.

Pilgrim, Rev. Thomas J., was born in Mid-
dlesex Co., Conn., Duo. I'J, 1S()5 ; was licensed to
preach, and spent a tinnj at Hamilton, N. Y., under
the tuition of Nathaniel Kendrick and Daniel Ilas-
eall. Flis health I'ailin;; him, in lSi;7, he left Ham-
ilton, an<l by the AVestei'u waters came to New
Orleans, where, after waitinj^ some time, he suc-
ceeded in gettin;; a passage on a schooner tu the
mouth of the lirazos Uiver, in the then JNIe-xican
province of Te.\as. He accepted service as a teacher
of the ehihlren of Mexican hidalgos, and assisted
Stephen F. Austin in translating Irom Spanish into
Knglisli the laws of Mexico, thus acquiring a thor-
ough command of the Spanish language. For the
most of liis life he was occu]iied as a teacher with
signal success, instructing such men as James H.
]5ell, W. Austin liryan, and Guy M. lirj'an. He
organized and conducted the first Sunday-school
ever originated in Texas. In establishing Sunday-
schools, teaching ]5iblo - classes, distributing the
liible, and man;iging Gonzales College he spent
most of his life. After coming to Texas he gave
up the iluties of the ministry, but lived and acted
as a consistent, devoted Christian, taking a deep
interest in the education of the young men pro-
posing to enter the Christian ministry, and giving
liberally to their support. He died at Gonzales,
Texas, Oct. 2<J, 1S77.

Pillsbury, Rev. Stephen, was bom in Ames-
bury, Mass., Oct. 'M), 17.S1. Hopefully converted
at the age of twenty-one, he was baptized into the
fellowship of the chnrch in Sutton, N. U, Having
decided to give his life to the work cjf the ministry
he preached as a licentiate in different places. Ho
was ordained in Hebron, N. H., where he remained
fifteen years. In 1830 he became pastor of the
church in Sutton, where his labors were much
blessed during his five years' pastorate. His next
pastorates were at Dumbarton and at Londonderry,
N. II. In the latter jilace he die.l, Jan. 22, 1851.

Pingry, Judge William M., was born at Salis-
bury,, N. 11., May 2b, 180G, and was admitted to
the bar in Vermont in June, 1832. He was bap-
tized in 1831, and at once identified himself with
the interests of his denomination in the State of
Vermont. In 1841 he removed to Perkinsvillo, and
became a deacon of the Baptist church in that
place. He has occupied several of the most prom-
inent positions in Baptist organizations in the
State. From 1838 to 1840 he was judge of the
Washington County Court. He was a member of
the Vermont constitutional convention in 1S50,
State auditor from 1853 to 18C0, a member of the
Vermont house of representatives in 18(Ul, \^i'>\,
and 18f)8, and of the senate in 18(39, 1870. 11.; has
practised his profession since June, 1832, exicpiing

that from November, 1854, to August, 1857, ho
was cashier of a bank. Dartmouth College con-

^^U.,

JUDGE WII.LI.^M M. rlNGRV.

ferred on him, in ISfiO, the honorary degree of
.Master of Arts.

Pitman, Judge John, the son of Rev. John
Pitman, was born in I'rovidonce, Feb. 23, 1785.
Such was his precocity that he entered Brown Uni-
versity before ho had completed his eleventh year.
He graduated in the year 1709, and though but a
mere lad of fourteen, commenced the study of law,
which he pursued for two years and a half, at the
end of which time he was prepared to be admitted
to the Rhode Island bar. lie was too young, how-
ever, to practice his profession, and in order to
perfect himself in his studies he was placed under
the direction of an eminent lawyer of Poughkeep-
sie, N. Y., Hon. Theodorus Bailey. After various
fortunes in different localities he returned to his
native city and opened a law-office, and for several
years practised in the Rhode Island courts. He
then took up his residence in Salem, Mass., and
subse((uently in Portsmouth, N. H., and thus be-
came familiar with the practice of law in the courts
of those States. Onee more he returned to Provi-
dence, and continued his residence therefrom 1820
to the close of his life. In I.S24 he was appointeil
U. S. district judge for the district of Rhode Island.
During this long period of professional service he
proved himself a public-spirited citizen, always
throwing the weight of his influence on the side of
any plan or organization which had for its object
the improvement of his fellow-men. He was a

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PITMAN

9'S.i

VOINDKXTER

member of the corporation of Brown University
for tliirty-six years, six years as a trustee and
thirty ytMirs as ii FeUow. His college conferred
iqion him the dci^ree of Doctor of Laws in 1842.

JUDGE JOHN riTMAN.

Few men have more' tlioroiighly won the respect
and ati'eetion of tlie community in wliicii tiiey lived
than Judi;e Pitman. Loyal to the faith of his
fathers, he was a hrm Jtaptist, and a devout wor-
shiper in the venurahle church in which for so
many years he had a scat. Although, like his long
■cherished friend, Nicholas Brown, he never made a
public profession of his faith, he nevertheless " il-
lustrated the strict integrity, Uie devout humility,
and the exemplary life of a Christian man." llis
death took place in Providence, Nov. 17, 1864,
when lie was within less than four months of being
■eighty years of age.

Pitman, Rev. John, was born in Boston, April
2(), IT'il. Early in life he was a])|jrcnticed to learn
tlie business of a rope-maker. Tie was baptized by
Hcv. Or. Stillman, Fiib. 24, 1771, and became a,
member of the First Baptist church in Boston. He
removed to Philadelphia in 1774. For some time
he was in the Continental army during the Uevolu-
tionary war. He began to preach proliably in
1777, and in October of this year became pastur nf
the Baptist church in Upper Freehold, N. J., where
he remained until fllarch 10, 1780. For two or
three years he was wilhout a settlement, lie re-
moved to Providence, II. I., in 1784, and was occu-
pied with secular pursuits and preaching for Ih^,
next tw(j years, and in October, 1780, was called

to the pastorate of the church in Warren, R. I.,

where he continued until 1790, when ho returned
to Providence, where he resided for several years,
(luring a few of which he was the pastor of the
church in the neighboring town of Pawtucket. In
17'J7 he became pastor of the church in llehoboth,
Mass., where for nearly all the rest of his life he
live.l, dying July 22, 1822.

Pitts, Rev. Y. R., was born in Scott Co., Ky.,
Nov. 8, 1812. His parents were Younger and
Elizabeth T. Pitts. His father died when ho was
but twelve years of age ; his mother was left a
widow with eight children. She was a remark-
able Christian woman, and she was much assisteil
by her son ; between them there existed a tender
ridation of heart devotion. He removed to Mis-
souri in 1800. He was ordained to the ministry
of the Baptist denomination in Georgetown, Ky.,
N(jv. 23, 1841. The ordaining council were J. D.
Block, J. 51. Frost, Howard Malcom, D.L>., presi-
dent of Georgetown College, U. T. Dillard, B. F.
Kinney, and William Craig. lie was pastor at
Elkhart, Ky., thirteen years. He labored also at
W'illiamstown, Blue Creek, and elsewhere. In
Missouri he was pastor at Fayette. At the time
of his death he was aliout to enter upon an agency
for William Jewell College. He died at Clinton,
Mo., in October, 1870, to which place he liad goiie
to attend the (Jieneral Association of Missouri. A
neat marble monument marks his resting-place in
the city cemetery at Huntsville, Mo. He was a
man of high character, and a faithful minister of
Christ.

Piatt, Rev, Edward Francis, was b(jrn at

Sclu'Lion Lake, N. Y., .Dec. 10, 1821, and was bap-
tized into the fellowship of the Baptist church of
the same place in 1838. At an early period in his
Christian life he made choice of the ministiy, and
jiursued a course of studies under the instruction
of Rev. W. W. Moore, of Lansingbiirg, N. Y. Ho
commenced preaching in Cairo, N. Y., in 184,'),
and in the following year was ordained at that ))lace
to the work of the ministry. In 1847 he became
pastor of the First church, Catskill, N. Y., where
he labored with great success for live and a half
years. Being obliged by ill health to resign this
pastorate, he went West, and in 185.3 became |,jastor
of a young and struggling church at Toledo, 0.,
under the direction of the Home Mission Society.
Here he labored with untiring zeal until his death,
which occurred Nov. 21, 1800. During this period
of thirteen years he W(m the hearts of all by his
purity of life, his devotion to the cause of Christ,
and his pulpit abilities. His death was felt to be
a great loss not only in Toledo, but in the entire
State.

Poindexter, Abram Maer, D.D., was born in
Bertie Co., N. C, Sept. 22, 180'J. His father was

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POINDMXTER

924

POLLARD

the Rev. Uicliard Poiiulexter, of liouisii Co., Va.,
who, oil the occiisiou of liis inan-iage with Mr.s.
•Jordan, of North Carolina, removed to tiiat (State.
Young J'oindexter's early educational advantage.s
were good, and lie applied hliii.self closely to the
ordinary studies preliminary' to a college cour.se.
\Vhile still quite young he enti're<l the Culiimljiau
College, hut owing to feehle health hi.s Mtudics
there were interrupted, and alter a hrief period he
was compelled to ahandon them and return to hi.-i
home, [n 1831 lie made a profes.sion of religion ;
111 I'i'i'l he was licensed to preach, and in ISiJt he
was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry.
For some time before his ordiuatioii he was tlie
eiimpanion, student, and co-laborer of the Rev. A.
W. Clopton, the ))0|jular and useful pastor of Bap-
tist churches in Charlotte Co., Va., from whose
gifted mind and heart, as well as varied and ripe
experience in pastoral duties, he derived valualile
and life-long impressions for good. Quite early in
life Dr. I'oindexter married .Mrs. Eliza Craddook,
a lady of great excellence of cliaracter, after which
lie resided in Halifax Co., Va., where most of his
mature life was spent. From the very beginning
of his ministry he dis|ilayed unusual talents, and
was esteemed the most ])romisiiig young minister
of his time. As a |)reacher. Dr. I'oindexter was
deservedly held in very high regard, especially
with large out-door assemblies, such as convene at
.\ssociatioiial meetings. On such occasions his
preaching was frequently distinguished by great
llueiicy and jiowcr of speech, unusual vigor and
ile|itli of thought, a beautiful logical consecutive-
iiess in the development of truth, and an earnest-
ness and impetuosity of manner that swayed and
moved the masses with resistless power. As a
thinker lie had but few equals. Ills intellect was
clear, active, strong, and original. His thoughts
were pre-eminently his own. lie called no man
master, excepting always the great Teacher. As
an extemporaneous debater ho stood almost alone
among disputants ; and so accurate was his method,
so precise his arguments, so correct his style, that
a ver/jdtim report of his remarks would rarely re-
quire the least revision for publication. As an
agent for the Columbian and lliehmond Colleges
he was greatly successful, while as secretary of the
Southern Baptist Publication Society, and after-
wards as co-secretary of the Foreign Mission Board
of the Southern Baptist Convention, ho won a
noble reputation f(.ir energy and executive ability.
His impressive appeals in behalf of missions and
education stimulated the zeal, enlisted the inleriNst,
and secured the contributions of large numbers
throughout the South, and gave an impetus to thosi;
causes which they still feel. He was a m.ii^ wf
deep convictions and intense feeling. His \,, iris
were indeed the outer imane of his inuKj.-L ^oul.

He believed, and therefore he spoke ; and when he
spoke men had no hesitation in saying, liere is a
Christian man who will ]iart with his life rather
than with his convictions of rii^hl and duty. Dr.'
Poiiidextor, like many of his brethren in the min-
istry, was called, in the providence of God, to )iass
tlirough dark watci-s of alUiction. 'I'wo promising
sons were taken I'rom him during the war, one liy
the accidental discharge of his own pist(d, and the
othi;r at the head of his coiiijiaiiy, by a bullet of the
enemy. The ravages of war swept away liis estate ;
and to crown his sorrows liis estimable wife soon
passed away from his desolated home, leaving
among the wrecks an only daughter, who has
since died, who was married to the llev. J. B. Tay-
lor, Jr., now of Wilmington, N. C. In 1,S4:j tlie
Columbian College conferred upon him the degree
of D.D. He died May 7, 1.S72.

Pollard, John, Sr., was bom in Goochland Co.,
Va., July 14, 1S03. The maiden name of his
mother was Catherine Robinson, of the same family
with Speaker Robinson, of the house of burgesses
of Virginia, who was presiding over that body at
the time Patrick Henry made his celebrated speech
against the British crown, and who was the lirst to
cry "treason !" when the great orator closed with
the startling utterance, " CaBsar had his Brutus,
etc." One of his uncles was private secretary to
Chief-Justice Marshall, and one of his aunts, wife-
of the distinguished Judge Pendleton, of the Vir-
ginia Court of Apiicals. His education was i-e-
ceived in a school at Hanover Court-House, and
comprised the ordinary Fngli^h branchc's and some
acquaintance with Latin. He learned much after-
wards in the ollice of his uncle, R. Pollard, clerk
of King and Queen Co., Va., with whom he served
as deputy from his seventeenth to his twenty-first
year. When of age lie settled in King and liueen
County, farming and pi-aetising law. In 1820 he
was baptized into the fellowship of the Lower
King and Queen church by Rev. Wm. Todd. Sub-
sequently he withdrew, with others, to form the
Mattapony church, of which he continued a member
until his death, -having been thirty-five years one
of its deacons, and thirty-four years the superin-
tendent of its Sunday-school. He was an ardent
su]iporter of denominational enterprises, and was
noted for his hospitality, especially to Baptist min- ■
isters, many of whom, such as Luther Rice, Eli
Bell, Valentine Masim, Andrew Broaddus, and
William F. Broaddus, were fre(iuently found at liis
cheerful fireside. He was at dillVreiil limes coin-
niissioner of revenue, a justice of the County Court,
and high sheriff. Mr. Pollard was very strong in
his attachments to the Columbian College, to which
he contributed liberally and frequently, and at
which institution four of his sons were edniMted ;
while at the same time friendly to other institu-

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POLLARD

925

POOLS

tioiis of learning. IIu waa a man of very decided
(iviiiciplos, and of reiiiurkaljlo liveliness of tLMiiper-
ainent. He died Sept. 1^, ]877. It is a iiote-
worliiy facrt, tliitt of liis seven cliildreri and twenty-
oij^ht fj;riindcliildren siirvivins; him, all that have
attained the aj;e of twelve years lire usel'iil, mem-
bers (]f IJtiptist chiivchos.

Pollard, John, D.D., son of John Pollai-d and
Jiiiiet JellVies, sister ol'Jud;;e J. M. JedVies, of the
sei'ond judicial circuit of Virf^inia, was born Nov.
17, IS.'i'J, in Kini; and (^neen Co., Va. He began
his education at Stevensville Academy, and com-
pleted it at the Columbian Collci^e, Washinj;ton,
1). C, wliere he graduated with the highest honors
in 1S60. After his gniduation he remained as tutor
of Cireek and Latin in the college during the sessi(ni
of IStiO-Gl, and also took a private course in the-
ology under Iiev. il. W. Samson, 1 >.!)., at that time
president of the college. Jle was ordained to the
ministry July 14, lytjl, and liecnme pastor of Her-
mitage and Clarke's Neck churches, Middlesex Vo.,
Va., with which he renniined nine years, until Octo-
r ber, 1S70, when he accepted a call to the pastorate
of Lee Street IJaptist church, Baltinnu'c. Mr. Pol-
lard has published a compendious history of the
I Lee Street church, and was ajipointed liy the Ex-
- ecutive Board of the Jlaryland Union As.sociation
r to finish the "History of the Churches" connected
with that body, begun by the late Dr. G. F. Adams,
1 in which desirable work considerable progress has
been made. Hn has contributed occasional articles
,, also to the religious papers. For tiiree .successive
sessions of the Maryland Union Association, em-
bracing not only the churches of the whole of
jMaryliind, but also those of the District of Colum-
bia, he has been its efficient moderator. The
Columbian College conferred upon him, in 1867,
the degree of A.M. iti course, and in 1877 the de-
gree of D.D. In 1881), Dr. I'ollard became a pastor
in llicluaond, Va., leaving throngs of friends in
IJaltiniore.

Pomeroy, Caleb M., was born at old Salem,
Mass., Aug. 8, ISlO. His fithcr died when he was
nine years of age. In 1831 he renu)ved to Cincin-
nati. He became a resident of Quincy, III., in
1S37, and that city has since been bis home.
During twenty-fjur years ho was a successful
jiork-packer ; then lor fourteen years in-esident cd'
the First National IJank in Quinc}'. In 18-12 he
united with the First IJaptist church of tiuincy,
and was elected one of its deacons in the same
year. His membership and office he continued to
hold until 18,j7, when he united with others in
forming the Vermont Street church, where again
lie was called to the office of deacon. For tiiirty-
three years he was a teacher in the Sund:c'. -. ii.iol.
Mr. Pomeroy has always been a very liln i,vl jiian,
giving largely to many and various objects of

Christian enterprise, in the time when his busi-
ness prospered making these gifts in hundreda and
thousands of dollars. Reverses in busituvss 'luivo
ri.'dueed his ability, but in no degree alfected his
interest or his readiness to give. He is, and has
always been, a |)ilhir in the church.

Pools of Jerusalem. — Of all cities of anti(|uity,
in proportion to area and population, Jerusalem
seems to have be<M\ the most abundantly supplied
with water. In the worst straits of .>iege, drought,
or famine, during its checkered and eventful his-
tory, it seems never to have suffered from such a
curtailment of its watisr-supply as to amount to a
serious calamity. While there is no stream in the
near vicinity of the city to account f jr this abun-
dance, the Kedron being but a brook in name, yet
such sources of supply' as were available seem to
have been so ntili/.ed that the city could always be
guarded against so grave an evil as an inadequate
su[iply of water. The sources of this supply were
the natural springs without, and perhaps within
the city, and the drainage of the winter rains,
gathered into public and private pools, tanks, wells,
and cisterns. In most cases the ultinuite and most
copious source of supply for the larger reservoirs
were the springs or fountains mentioned. For or-
dinary don\estic uses the winter rains seem to have
been stored in private cisterns and tanks. Public
institutions ajipear to have had larger cisterns an<l
reservoirs for their special wants. Modern explora-
tion beneath the traditional temple area has fully
brought to light the elaborate system of water-sup-
ply for the wants of the ancient temple service and
worshipers. ISut the public reservoirs or pools,
to which we now confine our attention, were the
receptacles whore the waters were most abun-
dantly collected, and most freely used by the peo-
ple. Outside the walls of the modern city traces
of several large pools can now be discerned which
indicate their early existence; but those that re-
main, in their varying degrees of ]jreservation, fully
show the important part the}' must have [jerformed
in the water-supply of the city. For the purposes
of convenience \\'e may begin at the large pool
located in a valley or basin to the northwest of the
modern city. This pool was nuist probably built
by Solomon, and is charactorized by the prophet
Isaiah as " the old pool" (Isaiah xxii. 11), and also
as "the upper pool, which is in the highway of the
fuller's field" (2 Kings xviii. 17). It is excavated
out of the earth and limestone rock, the walls, like
these structures in general, being built up of stones
and cement. Here, by the conduit of this upper
pool (2 Kings xviii. 17), the envoys of the king of
Assyria stood wdieu they delivered the message of
their master to He/.ekiah. Dr. llidjinson carefully
measured this pool, and found the length 31(5 feet;
breadth, 218 feet at one end, and 200 feet at the

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POOLS

92t)

POOLS

other, with a depth of 18 feet. Steps were found
lit the corners leading down to the bottom of tlie
reservoir. Originally, the pool received most of its
supply, in all [jrohahility, from the neighboring
sjjrings or fountains that the king sealed when the
city was besieged during his reign ; but now the
drainage of the winter rains from the i\djacent hills
appears to be the only source of supply. From the
dilapidated condition uf the ))Ool, this, however,
soon disu|)pears. At the northwest angle of the
city, within tlie modern walls, and near the Church
of the Holy Sepulchre, is the " Tool of llezekiah,"
supposed to be referred to in 2 Kings xx. '20, wlnue
the king is represented as making a pool and con-
duit, and bringing water iiitii the city. The mod-
ern name is IJirket-el-lIummam, — the Pool of the
IJath, — from its supplying ii neighboring bath.
During the rainy season the water is brought down
from the Upper Pool referred to by a small aipie-
duct that enters the city near the Yaffi Gate. In
October, 1S7I, wiien the writer of the present arti-
cle saw this pool, the quantity of water did not suf-
fice to cover the tloor, wliicli sloped considerably
from north to south. At the northwest angle there
is the usual descent by steps to the bottom ol' the
reservoir. The people of the neiglihorhocjd, at the
present time, freely use the pool to wash and fill
their water-jars. The length of the pool, accord-
ing to I>r. llobinson, is 240 feet; its breadth, 14-1
feet. On the opposite side of the city, north of the
Mosque of Omar, ajid near the eastern wall, is an
immense excavation, witli walls of stone and ce-
ment, known as liirket Israel, or Pool of Israel.
Almost uniform tradition identilics the modern
Birket Israel as the " Pool of Bethesda," in our
Lord's time described as having live porches, and
where lie performed a striking miracle. — John v.
2-7. Dr. Robinson, though standing alone among
ancient and modern authorities in his views re-
specting the identity of the modern pool with
'' I5ethcsda," yet aduHts that it was once used as a
reservi)ir. The limits of this article will not jiermit
any reference in detail to the testimony of such
witnesses as Eusebius, Jerome, and others, who
describe the pool as, in their time, divided into two
sections, idled with water, but evidently the same
structure as the single pool that in our Liu-d's day
was surrounded by covered colonnades. In super-
ficial area this pool covers more than an acre of
ground. It is 3G0 feet long, 130 feet liroad, and
7o feet deep, now jiartly choked with rubbisii.
Emerging from St. Stephen's Gate, and passing a
short distance down the bed of the Kedron, the
modern traveler comes to a natural cave or grotto,
from the bottom of which, reached by a llight of
steps cut in the rock, issues a copious supply nl
water. This fountain at present is known ;n lii ■
"Fountain of the Virgin," and is the same, i)i .ill

probability, as the King's Puol mentioned by Nehe-
niiah. — Neb. ii. 14. The general dimensions of the
grotto are 15 I'ect in length, 5 or fi feet in widtii,
and G or 8 feet in height. Tlie water in the basin
varies in de|ith from one to tliree feet, but can be
indefinitely increased in quantity ))y slightly dam-
ming or olislructing the outlet. This fountain is
much resorted to by the pooi-er classes of the mod-
ern city, llecent discoveries leave little room to
douljt that the " Fountain of the Virgin" derives its
supply from the reservoirs beneath the temple area,
in turn replenished, it is believed, by suljterranean
conduits, not j'ct discovered, from the springs that
were sealed by King llezekiah when the ancient
city was besieged. By an underground passage of
little mor(! than a quarter of a mile in length, the
" Fountain of the Virgin" pours its sui'plus waters
into the Birket-es-Silwan, — the ancient " Pool of
Siloam." Acce|]ting the measurement of Dr. Bar-
clay, the pool is 17 feet at the upper end, 14J feet
at the lower, and ISi feet in depth. It is now
never filled, the water easily' passing through it by
an outlet at the lower end. The walls are very
much out of repair, so that it would be impossible
for the jiool, under existing circumstances, to be
charged with the volume of water it must have
originally received. A short distance back of the
jjool, up the hill, is a smaller reservoir, 6 or 8
feet wide by 8 or 10 feet iji length. This tank re-
ceives first the overflow from the "Fountain of the
Virgin," and then pours it into the adjoining " Pool
of Siloam." The bottom of this upper basin, or
that of the adjacent pool itself, may be reached by
a flight of steps, and the water graduated in depth
by temp)orarily damming the outlet of one or the
other. ■' The Lower Pool of Gihon," situated to the
west of the city, in the valley of that name, and
now known as Birket-es-Sultan, was the largest in
or near the city. This pool, or lake, was formed
by damming n[) the bed of the valley, so as to con-
fine the overflow of the Upper Pool, described as
situat<!d to the northwest of the city. Dams across
the valley form the ends, while its bed, sloping
gently on cither side, forms the sides of this im-
mense reservoir. By a careful measurement. Dr.
Robinson found the length along the centre, 502
feet; the breadth at the north end, 245 feet; at
the south, 275 feet. The depth at the north end
is 35 feet; at the south, 42 feet. This pool owes
its construction most probably to llezekiah, and
may be referred to in 2 Chron. xxxii. 30. It is
now dry, and is not unfrequontly used as a corral
for camels. In the time of the Crusades, from the
accounts that liave been transmitted, it was abun-
dantly charged with water, and apjiears to have
been a great watering-|ilace for horses. From the
Up|ier Pool, the rains, and the aipieduct passing
near by from the jiools near Bclhleliem, the vuliime

f.:\U{.y\

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POOLS

927

POPE

of wiitor ill tlii.s great roservoir, ilerivoil from these
suvcriil sources, must liave been pructiciilly inex-
haustible. This, of eoui'se, could lia\i! only Ijeen
the case when the pools and ai(ueducts were very
iliffereiit in condition and repair from that seen at
the present day.

In any enumeration of the iHiblio pools of the
ancient city mention at least must be made ol'
three immense pools situated near Bethlehem, con-
strueteil by Solomon, and known as " Solomon'.s
Pools." They are fed by natural springs in the
vicinity. They were built for the use of the Holy
City, and us they now, by an aqueduct, send their
wholesome waters within its walls, so in the jiast
Ihey must have played an important jjart in the
water resources of the city.

The pools in or near Jerusalem known to have
existed in the time of our Lord, where they can
with suilieient positivenoss be identified, have now
been considered. 'J'iiat they were all in good re-
pair and thoroughly fitted, in the days of the Apos-
tles, to serve the purposes of their construction,
there is scarcely reason to doubt ; for a generation
liad not elapsed since Herod carefully re|iaired and
strengthened the ponl.s and reservoirs in and near
the capital of his kingdom. The assumption Ijy
Pedobaptists that the rite of immersion could not
have been aduiinistored in connection with the
3000 converts of Pentecost on a single day, because
there could have lieen no facilities for baptism on
such a scale, is not only untenable, but preposterous
in the light of what has l)een advanced. These
pools at that time; even under unfavorable circum-
stances, must not only have contained a suflicicnt
depth of water for the purpose, but, as a necessary
appliance, steps appear to have been liuilt for
entering them. In the case of the largest of them,
the "Lower Pool of Gilion," the sloping sides of
the valley were peculiarly fitted for entering tlie
pool to any reipiired depth. The multitude of
sick people Jingering and waiting at the " Pool of
Bcthesda" when the impotent man was healed,
indicates that in one of the lai'gest reservoirs,
if it does not establish the fact respecting the
others, the people were accustomed freely to enter.
Even now the comparatively small basin at the
bottom of the " Fountain of the Virgin" would fur-
nish an excellent baptistery, if there were need of
so employing it. The " Pool of .Siloam" near by,
must have been, as it would be now if in repair,
still better fitted for the purpose. Moreover, the
slo|)ing floors of " the Upper I'ool of Clihon" and
the neighboring " Pool of Ilezekiah" show con-
clusively that these jiools could bo entered to any
depth suitable for bathing, and hence for immer-
sion. The first converts appear at thr outset to
have worshiped in the temple unmole.~l. I. "They
grew in favor witfi all the ])eop!e." I'ui ul.ir sym-

pathy was with them. The spirit of intolerance
hail hardly begun to manifest itself, as it did so
virulently afterwards. It is not likely, therefore,
there was any opposition to the use of the public
pools in administering the rite of baptism to the
Pentecostal converts, or the multitudes subse-
quently. In the " Lower Pool oi'ljiihon" alone, —
the largest, and the one jierhaps most extensively
used, — with the Apostles and the Seventy as p(jssi-
ble administrators, any reasonable objection against
the immersion of the .'5000 on the day of Pentecost,
or any number later, at once vanishes; and when
the facilities furnished by the other ))Ools are taken
into emisideratiun, tin; absui'dity of the objections
against the immersion of a lai'ge number, as to
time and quantity of water, becomes still more
apparent.

Pope, Rev. George. — This useful minister was
pastor of Aljbott's Creek Chnrcli, Davidson ('i>.,
N. C. lie was rejieatedly moderator of the .Sandy
Creek Association, and during the great revival
of 1800 baptized 500 persons, lie baptized the
elder Dr. W. T. Brantly into the fellowship of
May's cdiapel.

Pope, John Francis, was born in New Bedford,
Mass., Jan. 22, 1823 ; was converted at the age of
sixteen, and baptized by Dr. Henry Jackson, lie
was liberally educated. Mr. Pope was among
the early pioneers to California, arriving there in
August, 1849, and, with liis wife, joined the First
Baptist church, San Francisco, and became one of
its most influential members, holding the position
of deacon from July, 1854, twenty-five years. He
occu))ied important positions in the school de|>art-
ment of the city, and assisted in establishing its
high schools. In denominational matters he held
high ollicial positions in the Associations, Conven-
tions, and college boards, and did much to impress
upon the State his own character as a Christian
and an enlightened Baptist. At the quarter cen-
tennial of the organizatioTi of the San Francisco
Baptist Association, in 1874, he was the moderator.

Pope, Rev. 0. C, the managing editor of the
Texas Baptist Jlcratd, was born Feb. 15, 1842, in
Washington Co., Ga. ; was educated at Mercer
University, Penlield, Ga., and graduated regularly
from its theological department; connected him-
self with the Baptist church in August, 1858.
Since entering the ministry he has served Louis-
ville church, <ia., Morristown, Tenn., and Central
Baptist church, Nashville, Tenn. He has acted as
secretary of Mercer Association, Ga., Nolachucky
Associatioti, Tenn., and corresponding and record-
ing secretary of the General .Association of East
TiMinessee. lie foun<led and edited for two years
the Baptist lirjlcvtuv, at Nashville, Tenn. He is
in the vigor of his manhood, and promises to make
the Herald a pow'er for good in Texas.

Mil, ^' :..Vil

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I'ORTKR

<J2S

rosT

Porter, Rev. William, was boin in Erie Cu.,

Ph., i\I:i3' ,'1, l.SlJo, of (!iiiiL'vogiitioiKil p:u-eiits; was
married, converted, and baptized in Delaware Co.,
O. ; joined tlie Mill Creek eliiirch, and wa.s ordained
by it in 1S3S. He was pastor and missionary in
and around the rej;ion of the eluirch till 1.S47,
when lie moved to Oregon, .scttled^oii the " West
J'lain," near l'\)rest Grove ; served the \\'i-st (inion
ehnreli, — the first Baptist ehni'eli organized west
of the Rooky Mountains, — the West 'Tualatin and
other eliurehes, and' for twenty j'ears kept alive
(with the aiil of Deacon D. T. Leno.K) the Baptist
denomination iu the lower part of the \\'illaiiiette
Valley, west of the river, lie was botii doctrinal
and practical, extempore ami jiathetie, swaying his
hearers with a wonderful power. Having done
much work for Christ, he died Nov. 20, 1S7-,
mourned by a multitude wdio revered him us their
spiritual father and guiile in rcdigious life.

Posey, Rev. Humphrey, an eminent Baptist
minister, was distinguished for his benevolent sjiirit

KEV. II r.M I'll REV riiSEV.

and great al)ilities. He was above the ordinary
size, with a large frame and fine face and head.
Born in Henry Co., Va., Jan. 12, 178U, he com-
menced preaching in ISC'!, and was ordained in
1X0.5, iu Buncomljc Co., N. C, and, among others,
jireached to the Cherokee Indians, lie was regu-
larly appointed a missionary to the Cherokees at
Valley Town, in North Carolina, by the Biiptist
Mission Board, of Philadelphia, in 1S17, and maiii-
taiued his connection with the mission until I:' I.
aeeomplishing great good. Iu 1.S24 he settled iu

Cherokee, Ga., and became a very successful agent
for the llearn School, relieving it of much pecuniary
einlnirrassment. In 1SI4 he married a second time,
and removed to Ncwnan, where he died. Dee. 28,
184G. Dr. .1. II. Campbell, in his " (jeorgia Bap-
tists," records it "as his deliberate conviction that
llnmphrey Posey was luiturally one of the greatest
men, ami, for his limited opportunities, one of the
greatest preachers he has ever known. His person,
his countenance, his v(jice, the throes of his gigantic
mind, the conceptions of his large Christian soul,
— all proclaimed him great." The first time Dr.
Campbell ever met him was at the Georgia Baptist
Convention, in 183.'), near Penfield, and the doctor
says, " Such men as Mercer, Sanders, Dawson,
'I'hornton, Jlallary, Brooks, and others were there,
but I'osoy was a giant among them all." Dr. C.
D. Mallary wrote and published a " Life of lium-
plirey I'osi'y."

Post, Rev. Albert L., was burn in ISUO, at
Montrose, Pa. Montrose was fouinhnl in 180(1 by
Capt. Bartlctt Hinds, who survived the storming
of Stony Point, a worthy [lioneer magistrate and
Baptist. His ilaughter, Susanna, and his step-
son, Maj. Isaac Post, were the parents of the sub-
ject of this sketch. He was edueateil at Union
College, Schenectady, N. Y. ; was admitted to the
bar, and soon after became prosecuting attorney
for Susquehanna County. In 1830 he started
The Sjiectatur, a paper devoted to the freedom

liEV. Al.llEKT I,. j'OST.

of the colored race. In 1841
to the ministry at Montrose, \vl

fie was

ich has

ordained

still con-

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POST

929

I'O'ITEI!

tiinuHl to 1«.' his I'esidcnc't!. lie litis rcnclorrd val-
ualili! K(n-vii,'U in |ii'i)li'iioti;tl iiiiHitiiifjs ;iii<l in jiiir-
tial ijastoiiitcs. 111! was |)rc,iiiloiit I'ur iiiuiiy yuars
of '''I'ho Aiiiei-icaii HaptisL Frco iMissioii Society,"
ill wlidse interests lie visited Eiigliiiid. He is a
vij^orous uppoiieiit ol' seeret soeieties. Mi-. I'i)st is
u iiiiin of mind and a niodid of Ciii-iVtiau inti'f^rity.
He would aun'er tlm lu.-.s of evei-ytliiii^;;, and (lie
worst form of death, rather tliaii sam'iliee a priii-
riple. Stern, the eiiihodiniont of the martyr spirit,
with a keen intelleet jitid a i^enerous heart, all men
love him, though not a few diQer from his opinions.
Pennsylvania never had a purer Baptist.

Post, Rev. John Clark, was horn at Montpel-
ier, Vt., April liU, ISl-lj spent most of his ehild-
hood and early youth in Conneotieut; went West
in 181^2; was eoiiverted and liaptized into the fel-
lowship of the 15a|)tist church of Aurora, liid. (the
pastor beinj; Rev. Jesse L. ilolman), on Nov. 4,
183S ; w'as licensed there to preach in 1839;
was ordained at Charlestown, Ind., in 1S4U. He
lias been pastor at Charlestown, Franklin, Del-
phi, and other places in Indiana; of Aledo, Edg-
iiigton, Andalusia, and other churches in Illinois,
and was settled at Fort Scott, Wichita, Hutch-
inson, and other jilaces in Kansas ; lias lieen
blessed with extensive revivals, and built several
meeting-houses. At sixty-six years of age he en-
joys good health, and oceu)iies an extensive mis-
sion field in .Southwest Kansas.

Potter, Albert K., D.D., was bum in Coventry,
K. I., and was a graduate of Brown University in
the class of 1859. He studied at the Newton Theo-
logical Institution, and was ordained Sept. 27, I8G0,
as pastor of South Berwick, Mi;., whore he re-
mained for four years. He removed to Spring-
field, Mass., in 1804, and becaiiie pastor of the
State Street church in that city. He has held this
position ever since.

Dr. Potter is endowed with a fine intellect,
whose vigorous power is unsurpassed in the State
which his labors have long blessed. His reading
extends over a very wide range ; he is one of the
most ciiltiiied men in the Baptist ministry; his
usefulness in Springlield and in the denomination
generally is very great. As a writer he is regarded
with admiration. The friends of truth wish him a
long life for the exercise of his great talents in the
Master's cause.

Potter, Rev. C. W., was born in Voluntown,
Conn., ill 1>>21 ; at tlio ago of fourteen united
with the Baptist Church ; baptized by Dr. A. G.
Palmer, — his first candidate ; studied in Bacon
Academy ; liceii.sed in Colchester in 1842 ; preached
two years in Kast Iladdam ; ordained at Avon,
Sept. 23, 1840 ; subse(|uent settlenniits were at
North Haven, Cromwell, Lee, . and .^iurljridge,
Mass. ; at Willington, Suffudd, ami other places in

Connecticut; has had live sons and a danghler ;
one son, Kev. (Jcorge 1!., was pallor of liaiitist
church ill Ashland, but is now dead ; one son, Rev.
Lester L., is now pastor at J'jverelt, Mass.

Potter, Rev. Daniel C, was born in Stoning-
ton. Conn., March l.'j, 1850. He was baptized
in Jersey City in 1805, into the North eliurcli. He
graduated at Ma<lison University in 1873, and was
settled and ordained as pastor in the Sixth Street
Bajitist church. New "i'ork, in 1873.

Special public attention has been called to him
by his series of illustrated lectures, by the aid
of stereopticon views, on European manners, art,
and architecture. By travel abroad and by corre-
spondence he has secured photographs of rivers,
pools, and baptisteries in Orienlal countries, which,
with the temples connected with them, make his
lectures on the mode of baptism of the ancients in-
teresting and convincing. By an invention of his
own, not yet disclosed, his magic lantern gives a
better representation than any other in use. His
pastorate in Sixth Street is successful, and promises
to be a long one. For several years he has ofliciated
as secretary of the New York Ba[itist Ministers'
Conference. Mr. Putter's ministry is marked by
talent and spiritualit3'.

Potter, Deacon Giles, son of Elisha P. and
Abigail (Lathrup) Potter, was born in Lisbon,
Conn., Feb. 22, 1829; educated in common schools
and at Leicester Academy, Mass., and graduated
at York College in 1855, and converted in same
year; Ixiptized by Rev. S. D. Phelps, D.D., and
united with First Bajjtist church in New Haven ;
taught in the academy in Last Hartford, in Con-
necticut Literary Institution, Sullield, and in Hill's
Academy and Essex Seminary; chosen superin-
tendent of Sunday-schoul in Essex in 180O, and re-
mains in that position to the ))reseiit (1880) ; chosen
deacon in 1805, and now holds the oHice ; repre-
sented Essex in the Legislature for three years, —
from 1870 to 1873; selectman and justice of jieace
in Essex ; school visitor for fourteen years ; elected
in 1873 agent ol" State board of education, and
still holds the position ; of marked abilities, energy,
prudimce, and fidelity.

Potter, Rev. Lester Lewis, son of Rev. C. W.
Potter, was born in Colebrook, Conn., iMarcli 30,
1858; educated at Connecticut Literary Institu-
tion, and at Rochester, N. Y. ; baptized at the age
often; licensed by the Baptist church in "Willing-
ton, Conn., at the age of sixteen ; during studies
at llochcster supplieil chiindies in Avon and ^Vest
Somersi't, N. Y. ; in April, |87'.), si'tlled with the
Baptist church in Everett, Mass.

Potter, Rev. Walter McD., was a native of
Rhode Island. He graduated the second in his
class in Brown University, and pursued his theo-
logical studies ill Andoverand Rochester. He was

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POTTER

930

rOTTS

the first Baptist minister in Culoraclo. The Baji-
tist eliureli iit llciiver was ;;atlici'eil under liis laljcn-s.
lie collectcJ the means for, and superintended in
the coiistruetiun of, the l)asemcnt of tlie IJrst Hap-

REV. ir.u.TEii m'd. potter.

tist house of worship, when liis health failed; he
veturned to Providence,' where ho died, April 9,
1866, aged twenty-nine years and eleven months.
Few men have acconi])lis!ied so mueh in so short
a time. AVith a remarkahle foresight he secured
lands iii and around Denver, which he hequeathed
to the Home and Foreign Jlission .Societies, out of
which tliey will realize together jirobahly nearly
$100,000. On account of the great interest that he
felt in the Denver church, the Home Mission So-
ciety has transl'erred a large portion of its share of
their legacy to this church, which has enahlod it
to pay some $12,0U0 of debts, leaving a handsome
balance of about as much more as a beginning to-
wards the erection of another clinrch edifice as a
monument to its founder's memory. He was noted
for positive convictions and a conscientious adher-
ence to what he jjidieved to be duty. He had tact
to adapt himself to circumstances, so as to 1)0 suc-
cessful in whatever he undertook. His life was
brief, hut long enough to form an established char-
acter as an aide, devoted .servant of Jesus Christ.

Potter, Hon. William H., was bom on Potter
Hiil, in the town of Westerly, J?. I., Aug. 20, IMO.
His father. Col. Henry Potter, commanded the 3(1
K. I. Regiment in the war of 1812. Col. Potter
was a warm friend of education, and he took great
pains to secure its advantages for his only sun, Wil-

liam. He sent him to Yale College, after he had
been for years at schools and academics, that he
luight receive the best culture that New England
could impart. Tie was eompi'lled, through im-
paired sight, to leave Yule Ijcfurc he graduated, but
that insliliition recognii;ed his literary staniling,
and in lS,")i; bestowed upon him the honorary
degree of A.M.

For many years he made teaching his profession,
and he obtained such a measure of success in that
calling as cheered himself and gratified his friends,
and bound the hearts of throngs of the young to
him for life.

15y President Lincoln he was appointed assistant
United States assessor of internal revenue, an o/fice
which he held for several years. He was State sena-
tor in the Connecticut Legislature from the seventh
district for some time, and during that period his
great worth as an instructor was abundantly proved.
He was appointed chairman of the comniittee on
education, and took an important part in tlie re-
vision of the school code of his adopted State. So
satisfactory were liis labors in connection with
legislation for education that he was apjjointed one
of the four elective mcmljers of the State board of
education. This position he held for two successive
terms of four years each. He is now judge of pro-
bate for the district in which he resides. He has
been for many years a deacon of the Union Baptist
church of Mystic lliver. Conn. ; loved and honored
by the entire community in which he lives.

He is a vigorous Baptist. A\'liile his love for
other Christians is large, his adiuiration for the
Ba)itist denomination, the first community that
Ijore the name of Christ, is unb(junded. He knows
the history of his religious ancestors, and can write
it Ijetter than almost any other man in the "' Land
of Steady Habits;" he knows their principles of
liberty and love, and he would like to spread them
everywhere; he is a worthy man in all the rela-
tions of life.

Potts, Col. D. G., was born in Sussex Co., Va.,
Aug. '11, ISHl, and was educated in tlie neighbor-
ing schools. He served for several years must etti-
ciently as sheriff of the county, being also engaged
in farming and merchandising until 1844, when
he removed to Petersburg, Va., and engaged in the
commission Imsiness. In 1850 he was elected treas-
urer of the Petersburg Railroad Company, which
position he held witli rare fidelity during nineteen
years, up' to 1875. In 1877 he was appointed by
the President postmaster at Petersburg, which
ollice he still holds. Col. Potts lias always taken
a deep interest in the well-biiim' of the communi-
ties where he has lived, and his integrity and ex-
perience have made him a valinible counsellor in
I '.lilic affairs. He served in the city council of
Petersburg from 1853 to 1808, and was senior al-

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931

I'UWKLL

denuan and ehainiian of the committee on jiublic
property during all that lung period. Ho is as
active and iiserul in church ail'airs as he is in pub-
lic. In 183G he united with the Haptist eluirrh at
Ncwville, Sussex Oo. When lie removed to that
neigliliorhoud in Wi-^ there was but one prul'essor
ul' religion there. Through his ellc)rts and the
preaching of Itev. J. L. Gwallney, a church build-
ing was erected and a church organized, and when
he left there, in I>S44, there was a largo and nour-
ishing congrcgatiiin, and one of the most pros|)er-
ous county iSiinday-schools in the State. For more
than forty years (!ol. Potts has been an active
worker in the Sunday-school as teacher or super-
intendent, and, what is something worthy of S])e-
cial mention, he was never once late at school.
lie has also served as deacon during all his long
Christian life, and in all the spheres in which he
moves no man is more highly honored and justly
esteemed.

Powell, Rev. Joab, was one of the most remark-
ably successful and eccentric preachers in Oregon.
AV'henever it was known that he would preach the
entire )iopulation crowded to hear him. lie was
Imrn in Clailjorne Co., Tcnn., July 111, 1790. lie
was bapti/.cd in 1S24, and joined the Berean church ;
removed to Missouri ; licensed in 1S3(J, and sonn
after was orilained by the Salem church, which
was anti-mission, while he was a missionary Bap-
tist. Soon after he went to the Blue Springs. The
■ county judge, Jlichard Stanley, said to him, as he
had said to others, supposing that he also was anti-
mission, "If your mission is only to preach to the
sheep and lambs, you need not come, here, for we
have no sheep and lambs." Jlr. Powell replied,
" My mission is to poor sinners." The judge said,
"Then you can jireach for us." lie did so, built
a large church, and baptized l.')(). lie continued
many years as a frontier preacher ; removed to
Oregon in 1852; went about everywhere, some-
times acting as pastor, but was almost constantly
doing the work of an evangelist. His discourses
were earnest and full of sharp points. His audi-
ences were kept in tears ami smiles, and when the
sermon was over he would sing, exhort, pray, and
entreat by times, until the most obdurate would
yield. After a long and useful life, beloved by
his church, he died Jan. 25, 1S73.

Powell, Rev. Robert, was a native of Massa-
chusetts, but removed with his parents to Hamil-
ton, N. Y., in 1805, where he experienced religion
while yet a child. He commenced preaching when
young, and was permitted to enjoy the service
nearly sixty years. In 1817 he was one of the
thirteen who in prayer together, and the offering
of a dollar each to the object, organi/.i I iIm- Ham-
ilton Institution. He was for some >i.ui the last
survivor of that honored band. Couiing to IMiclii-

gan in 1832, he was, until his death, in 1875, one
of the most trusted and loved standard-bearers of
the denomination. Highly gifted in voice and song,
of an exc(dlent spirit, with clearness of reason and
native elotpience, lie was a good and able minister
of Christ. He died at Clinton, his home in Mich-
igan, in his eiglitieth year.

Powell, Rev. Thomas.— No name is linked in
more inteiesting ways with early liaptist history
in Illinois than that of Rev. 'f liomas Powell. He
was born, Dec. 9, ISUl, in the town of Aberga-
venny, Monmouthshire, South Wales. In his lif
teentli year he experienced conversion, and united
with the Baptist church in his native town. In
the year 1818 ho emigrated to New York, and
united with the JIulberry Street Baptist church
in that city, under the pastoral care of Dr. Archi-
bald Maclay. At that time there were in the city
only six Baptist churches, namely, (.iold Street,
Fayette Street, afterwards called Oliver Street,
Mulberry Street, Van Dam Street, Broome Street,
and Anthony Street. In Bri)okl3'n there was no
Baptist church. In the year 1822, Mr. Powell was
licensed by the Mulberry Street church, and al-
though not ordained, was called out and encour-
aged to preach in lloboken, Brooklyn, Newark,
and other places in the vicinity. He had enjoyed
advantages of education, wdiich enabled liim then
to begin at once an active ministry, which may be
said to date from the year named, 1822. Subse-
quently he was ordained, and appointed a mission-
ary to labor at Newburgh and Cornwall, in Orange
County. He was later called to the pastorate of
the church in Hudson, but after some months re-
signed, and became pastor in iMilton, Saratoga Co.,
where he remained in care of the church nearly
ten years.

While Mr. Powell resided in Milton members of
the church and others were from time to time re-
moving to the A\^;st. This circumstance, and the
representations then made as to the religious des-
titution of the Valley of the Mississippi, induced
him, contrary to the opinion and advice of many
warm friends in the church at Jlilton, to volunteer
as missionary of the Home Mission Society. He
accordingly removed to Illinois in 1836. llev. Jon-
athan Going, D.l)., was at that time the correspond-
ing secretary of the society. He made his home at
first in Lit Salle County, although the first churches
organized by him were in Putnam County, at Hen-
nepin and Granville. At this time there was no
Association organized between the northern bound-
ary of the State and Springfield save one, the North-
ern Association, including the one chur(di in Chi-
cago. Nearly all the churches now included in
the Ottawa Association were organizeil by Mr.
Powell, and some connected with other Associa-
tions. He shared also in oi'ganizing the Illinois

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V()\vi:ll

9:52

i'()]\'Ei.r.

River Association. In tlie various forms of de-
noHiiiKUioiiai activity witliiii llic Statu lio lias ac-
tively shared, while engaged during many years in
frnitlnl missionary labors over wide districts of
eonntry. 'J'o no man is tin: denominatiun nujie
inilelited for its |U'os|)erity and growth, esjieeially
in the earlier history of the State.

Powell, Rev. T. W., was born -Sept. 12, 18150,
at Cliesterville, O. lie graduated at I>enison L'ni-
versity, (iranville, 0., in ISliM, having paid his way
mostly by teaching, lie took a select course in
theology at Hamilton Theological Seminary, N. Y.
He became ])astor at Tillin, 0., in 1SG5. He
was called to Davenport, Iowa, in September,
ISOS. Here the church enjoyed almost a constant
revival for a year and a half, during which time
ho, baptized over 130 persons. From overwork in
long continuous meetings his health gave way, and
lie resigned in the autumn of 1870. After a 3'ear's
rest, during which he did some mission work at
'I'anni Uity, he settled with the First I?a|)tist
ciiurcli in Minneapolis, Minn., in October, 1S71.
After two and a half years his health failed again,
and ho s[)ent a year and a half in recruiting, mostly
in the South, lii the summer of 1875 he once mori;
returned to Iowa. After supplying the cliurch at
Pella for a few months, lie was recalled to Daven-
jiort. .Vfter three years in a second pastorate with
this church, he resigned to enter upon work at
Marslialltown. Here the church has paid a cum-
bersome debt of many years' staiuling, and is enjoy-
ing prosperity.

Powell, Vavasor, was born in lladnorshire,
Wales, in 1617. Through his parents he was con-
nected with the first families in North Wales.
When young ho was taught the learned languages,
and he became a succi'ssful student in pursuit
of general knowledge. He received his univer-
sity education at Jesus College, O.^ford. In his
youth he was the most mischievous boy in the
neighborhood in which he lived. When he first
officiated as an Kplscopal minister, he says that
''he was a reader ol' common prayers, in the
habit of a foolish sheplierd, that he slighted the
Scriptures, was a stranger to secret and spiritual
prayer, and a great profaner of the Sabbath."'

By reading Puritan books, hearing sermons
which they preached, and Ijy conversations with
them, Jlr. Powell was led t(j the Savimir, and his
heart and ohara(;ter were coiupletely changed. Soon
after this he forsook the Kpiscopal (Jhurch. His ,
lu'eaching now became the most powerful agency
in Wales. Wherever ho v»ent multitudes waited
upon his ministry, and large numbers were renew<Ml
by the Holy Spirit and became followers of the
Lamli. Op|)Osition was stirred up Ijy his burning
eloquence and his unexampled success ; and in lli \1 '
he went to London, where his popularity was neai 1 y ,

as great, in a little time, as it was in Wales. He
received a pressing invitation to settle in Hartford,
in Kent, which he accepted, and there be founded a
church, and brought many sonls to the Uedeeiuer.

In 111 111, Mr. I'owell was frequently iiiiporluned
to return to Wales, lie knew its language better
than he understood any other. The )ienple re-
garded him as an apostle. That country seemed
more free from a persecuting spirit than it had
been, and its people were in the most deplorable
ignorance about the salvation of the Saviour, with
but few ministers to point them to the light of
Christ; and having received a testimonial lo his
godly life, and to his " alile gifts for the work of
the ministry," signed by ('liarles Herte and seven-
teen members of the Westminster Assembly of
Divines, he returned to Wales and resumed his
labors among his countrymen. Crosby says that
" be frequently preached in two or three places in
a day, and lie was seldom two days in a week
throughout the year out of the pulpit; nay, he
would sometimes ride an hundred miles in a week
and preach in every ]daee where he might have
admittance, either night or day ; so that there was
liardly a church, chapel, or town hall in all Wales
where he had not preached." He proclaimed
Jesus iit fairs, markets, and wherever there was a
gathering of people. He preachi.'d the glorious
gospel upon mountains, in jails, and even in the
houses of persecuting magistrates. He was once
arrested in Brecknockshire, about 10 i'.,M., with
fifty or si.xty of his hearers, and confined during
the night in a church. At midnight he preached a
sermon to his companions and ca|)tors from the
words, " Fear not them who kill the body." During
the service the most malevolent of his persecutors
wept bitterly. Next morning when brought to the
house of the justice that functionary was tempora-
rily absent, and wdiile waiting for his return Mr.
Powell preached again. T'he justice was indignant
to find his house turned into a conventicle, but two
of his daughters were deeply moved by the truth
which fell from tlie lips of the fearless man of <.iod.
Before IGOO Mr. Powell had formed more than
twenty churches, of which some had two, some
three, and some four or five hundred members.
JMr. ]*owell at one time litid 20,000 followers in
AV'ales, and has been properly designated the White-
field of that principality.

Mr. Powell was a (Jalvinist, holding and preach-
ing electitni, ell'ectnal calling, final pei'si'verance.
full justification by faith, and th(> absulute need ol
the Divine Spirit to give a man power to will and
to do the things that |)lcase (,iod. Ho was also a
Baptist. ■

He had no fear of men, or jails, or death in his
heart. He was a strong republican, and he openly
■ lenoimced the protectorship of Cnmiwidl when his

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I'OWhJJ^S

033

PRATT

power was dreaded liy :ill Europe ;. and Croitiwell
was St) apiireht'usivu of his iiiliiience that lie
arrested him. He spent cij^ht years in thirteen
prisdus. And he died in the Fleet jail, in London,
in the eleventh year of his incarceration, Oct. 27,
1071. llis death was unusually Ijlessed ; the power
and love uf God filled his soul with enthusiasm in
the miseries of a cell and in the agonies of a dis-
tressing complaint.

lie was the author of nine works, one of which
was a Concordance. 3Ir. Powell was an ardent
lover of the Bible.

The footprints of Powell are seen all over Wales
to-day, and many of his religious descendants have
crossed the Atlantic to build up the mighty denom-
ination whose name is dear to us, and whose lilierty
of conscience has given freedom to the churclies of
America.

Powers, Rev. J. Pike, a talented minister, and
one who is greatly esteemed for his ])iety and use-
fulness, was bori\ in Westmoreland Co., Va., Aug.
4, 1842. lie removed to Kentucky in 1855, was
engaged some years in mercantile business at
Augusta, and was afterwards president of the Ex-
change Bank of Kentucky at Rlount Sterling, lie
was educated at Augusta and Georgetown Colleges,
and afterwards spent two years at the Southern
Baptist Theological Seminary. He united with
the Baptist church at Georgetown, Ky., in 1S57,
and was ordained to the ministry at Augusta in
18C9, and immediately appointed missionary of
Bracken Associaticjn. Among the churches he
founded while acting in this cajiacity was the church
at Mount Sterling, of which he was chosen pastor, in
which capacity he has since labored. Mr. Powers
has perfcirmed mucli missionary work, and caused
to be erected three good houses of worship and one
(larsonage.

Pratt, Rev. Dura D., was born in Marlborough,
Yt., July 13, ISOtJ. Having removed to Worcester,
Mass., he was brought under the influence of the
ministry of llev. Jonathan Going, by whom he
was baptized into the fellowship of the First Bap-
tist church in that city. Called of God, as he be-
lieved, to the ministry of his Son, he prepared
himself for his work, and in 1832 was Invited to
take the pastorate of the Baptist chur>;h in Nashua,
N. H., where he had a most successful ministry for
twenty-three yeai-s, baptizing during that period
not far from 600 individuals. He died of paralysis
Nov. 13, 1855. " Mr. Pratt was; among the best min-
isters of the Baptist denomination in the State of
New Hani|Kshire. He was uncompromising in his
opinions and fearless in defending them, yet kind
and conciliatory in treating of the views of others.
He was renuirkable lor his clear foresight and ju-
dicious management in times of ditCciiliy and trial.
He studieil to know his people and adapt his labors

to their wants. lie was highly evangelical and
jiractical in his preaching, seizing on those points
of Scripture with great vigor which were appropri-
ate to the existing state of aH'airs." These are
words of warm rommendation, but justly deserved.

Pratt, John, D.D , educator, an<l founder of
Donison University, 0., was liorn in AVindham Co.,
Conn., Oct. 12, 1800. He spent most of his early
life on a farm and in a mill.' By dint of un-
daunted energy anil much lonely idght study he
succeeded in fitting himself to teach a public school.
At the age of twenty he went to Amherst Academy,
Mass., where he prepared for college. After spend-
ing nearly four yeai-s in Columbian College, AVash-
ington, D. C, he entered Brown University, and
graduated in 1827, and, after a short professorship
in Transylvania University, Ky., became pastor of
the First church. New Haven, Conn. In 1831 he
was principal of South Reading Academy for six
months, and then accepted a call from the trustees
of Granville Literary and Theological Institution
to take charge of the same. In 1833 this school,
then very weak and badly housi.'d, was incor-
porated, and Prof. Pratt was made president. In
1837 he resigned the presidency, and became Pro-
fessor of Ancient Languages, which position he re-
tained, with slight interruptions, until 1859, when
he retired to private life. In 1878 the degree of
H.D. was conferred upon him by Denison Uni-
versity. He has been twice married. His first
wife. Miss Mary Glover Corey, to whom he was
married in 1830, was a sister of Mrs. Dr. B. Sears.
In 1855 he married Susan C. Wheeler, of Licking
Co., 0.

Dr. Pratt has been one of the most prominent
and foremost of Ohio Baptists. His work in Deni-
son University is his monument. As a teacher, he
was unrivaled. Dr. Turney, late of Washington,
D. C, said of him that he had no superiors and but
few equals in the professor's chair. His long life
has been characterized by signal devotion to the
cause of education and religion, and his sacrifices
for these objects have been numerous and great.
Taking in view the struggles of bis early life, his
career has been very remarkable. His closing
days are being spent on his farm near , Granville,
the scene of his life-long toil.

Pratt, William M., D.D., was born in Madison
Co., N. Y., Jan. 13, 1817. After a common school
and academic preparation, he entered Hamilton
University, where he took the full course in letters
and theology, graduating in 183'J. He married
Miss Julia A., daughter of Rev. John Peck, and sub-
sequently removed to C^rawhn'dsville, Ind., where
he preached, and taught a school for young ladies.
In 1845 he took charge of the First Baptist church
in Lexington, Ky., to which he ministered seventeen
years, lie was several years corresponding secre-

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ritEDESTINA TION

934

I'REDKSTINATIOK

tary of the board of the General Association of
IJaptists in Kentiii'Ivy. In 1869 liu romovnd tn
New Albany, ind., where lie |ireaehed two years
to Bank Street cliurch, after which ho loeated in
Louisville, Ky., and enjjagi.'d in the book-trade, at
the same time ]in.'achini,' oti the {iUrd'w day fur
Broadway and Walnut Stroct cluirclics. in 1871
In; becalm; [lastor of the church at Shtdbyville, Ky.
In 11 few years he returned to Lexinjitoii, where he
now lives, and is supplying several churches in the
vicinity. lie is an able jireaeher, an excellent busi-
ness man, and has contributed larj^ely towards es-
tiiblisliin'j: Baptist interests in Kentucky.

Predestination is one of the revealed doctrines
of IJiid's Word. Moses says, " Secret things Ijelong
unto the Lurd our Ciod, but tliosc which are
revealed belong unto us and to our children for-
ever."— Dent. xxix. 21t. Predestination is fre-
quently noticed liy the inspired writers, and eon-
sequentl}', as a portion of God's revelation, it
belongs to us. We should lovingly receive it, and
try to unilcrstand it, and never slight the Mighty
One by wlmse authority )iiophcts, apostles, and
evangelists penned the sacred writings, by attem|it-
ing to argue it out of the Scriptures, or to pass it
by as a dreaded mystery, of wliicli we should not
think, and which the Spirit ought nut to have re-
vealed.

jrpoo(jif(j in the New Testament means to prede-
termine, to predestinate. Paul says, " In whom
also we have obtained an inheritance, being pre-
deslinaled, according to the purpose of him who
worketh all things after the counsel of his own
will," — Epli. i. II. According to this statement
saints enjoy an inheritance because God pre-
destinated them to it, and the same Almighty
Uuler '' worketh nit ihinijs after the counsel of his
own will," in heaven and on earth. Predestina-
tion is the foreordination of believers to heaven,
and the instrumentalities by whicli they are to be
converted, preserved, and rendered triumphant, and
it is the foreordination of all the occurrences of
earth. The celestial worlds are governed liy laws
ordained ages ago, and constrtiiniiig such exact
obedience that men can tell everything, with un-
erring certainty, about various changes that are to
take place in the sun, moon, and stars from tlie
past movements of tlu.'se heavenly bodies. Calvin
beautifully says, " There is no power among all
the creations more wonderful or illustrious than
that of the sun ; for, besides his illumination of the
whole world by his splendor, how astonishing it is
that he cherishes and enlivens all animals by liis
heat ; with his rays inspires fecundity into tin;
earth ; from the seeds genially warmed lii her
bosom produces a green herbage, which, bring
supported by fresh nonrisiiment, he increases .iiil
strengthens until it rises into stalks ; feeds them

with perpetual, exhalations till tliey grow into
blossoms, and from blossoms to fruit, wiiicli he
then by his inlluenees brings to maturity ; that
trees likewise and vines by hia genial warmth first
put forth leaves, then blossoms, and from the blos-
soms produce their fruit." But the sun, and every
[ilaiit and animal on earlli, are governed by pre-
destiiiateil laws, (Uiaetcd at their creation. This
doctrine applies to all human events.

Speaking of the decrees of God in reference to
the transactions alfecting men for gocd or evil in
this life, the celebrated Jonathan J'Mwards says,
"Whether God hath decreed all things that ever
came to pass or not, all that own the being of a
Gud, own that he knows all things beforehand.
Now it is self-evident, that if lie knows all things
beforehand, he either dnth apju-ove of them, that
is, he either is willing they should be, or he is init
willing they should be. I!ut to will that tliey
should be is to ilecree them. . . . I'hat we should
say, that (jod has decreed every action of men,
yea, every action that is sinful, and every circum-
stance of those actions, that he predetermines that
they shall be in every respect as they afterwards
are ; that he determines that there shall be such
actions, and just so sinful as they are, and yet that
God does not decree the actions that are sinful, as
sill, but decrees them as good, is really consistent.
For we do not mean by decreeing an action as siii-
I'ld the same as decreeing an action so that it shall
be sinful. ... So God, though he hates a thing as
it is simply, may incline to it with reference to the
universality of things. Though he iiates sin in
itself, yet he may will to permit it for the greater
prcmiotion of holiness in this universality, in-
cluding all things, and at all times. So, tliough
he has no inclination to a creature's misery, con-
sidered absolutely, yet he may will it for the greater
promotion of happiness in this universality. . . .
lie wills to permit sin, it is evident, because he
dues permit it."* This account of predestination
is clear, almost complete, and in harmony with
the Word of God. It may be summed up in these
words: Gud governs the world by decrees of juey-
missiun for evils, and of appointment, for proper
things, and in this way he foreordains everything
on eartli, and is the absolute ruler of all things.

The late Dr. Richard Fuller says, " The Lilierta-
rians reject the doctrine of predestination ; they
deny that God has foreordaincil all things. But
how can this negation be even nienlioned willnmt
shocking (Hir reason and our rcv<;reiicc f<n' llu;
oracles of God? I might easily show that nothing
is gained by this denial, that it only removes the
dillicultya little farther back. This system rejects
predestination, and maintains that God has left all

• Wuiks uf Joiiatlmii Eilwuiila, 11. Oia, 527, 628. Loiuluii, ISIO.

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PR EDESTINA TION

935

PR EDESTINA TION

men to act iis they ehoose. Hut wlmt is meant b}'
a man's acting as he clioosesV It is of course tliat
lie olicys llie i]n|iiils('s of liis own feeling's anil pas-
sions. Well, did not (iod endow liim witli tliese
jjassions? Did not God know that if certain tem|)-
tations assailed the creature to whom he had given
these passions ho would fall? J)id he not foresee
that these temptations would assail him? jiid he
not permit these temptations to assail him? Could
he not have prevented these temptations? Why
did lie form him with these passions ? Why did
he allow him to be exposed to these temptations?
Why, in short, — having a perfect foreknowledge
that such a being, so constituted and so tempted,
would sin and p>'rish, — why did he create him at
all? None will dc'iiy the divine foreknowledge;
and I at once admit that the mere fiiresceing an
event, which we cannot hinder, and have no agency
in accomplishing, doi's n(jt invnlyc; us in any re-
sponsibility. But when the Creator, of his own
sovereign pleasure, calls an intelligent agent into
being, fashions him with certain powers -and ajipe-
tites, and )ilaces him amid scenes where he clearly
sees that ti'mjitatiiins will nverccimi; him, — in such
a case it is self-evident that our feelile faculties can-
not separate foreknowledge from fureordination.
'I'he denial of preordination does not, thcrcfin-e, at
all relieve any objection, it only conceals the dilli-
culty from the ignorant and unthinking.

" But even if the theory of the Libertarians were
not a plain eva^^iun, it would be impossilile for us
to accept such a solution ; for it detlirone.s Jeho-
vali ; it surrenders the entire government of the
world to mere chaiuie, to wild caprice and disorder.
According to this system, nature, providence, are
only departments of atheism ; (.bid has no control
over tlie earth and its afl'airs ; or, if that lie too
monstr(jus and revolting, ho exercises autliorlty
over mattiM', but none over the minds and hearts
of men. 'The king's heart is in the hands of the
Lord, as rivers of water he turncth it wdiithersoever
he will,' — such is the declaration of the Holy Spirit ;
but this theory rejects this truth. God exercises
no control over men's hearts, conseipiently proph-
ecy is an absurdity, ju'ovidcnce is a chimera, prayer
is a mockery, since God does not interfere in mortal
events, but abandons all to the wanton humors and
passions of myriads of independent agents, none
of whose whims and impulses he restrains, by
whom his will is constantly defeated and trampled
under foot. A creed so odious, so abhorrent to all
reason and religion, need only to be carried out to
its conseipKMici's and no sane mind can adojit it."*

The .Scriptural authority for this doctrine is un-
questionable. Nebuchadnezzar dreams nl' . i^icat
image (Daniel ii.) with a golden head, the biMst

* Baptiat Iluctniies, pp. 483-85. St. Louis, IfjSl).

and the arms of silver, a brazen body and thighs,
legs of iron, and feet part of iron and part of clay ;
a stone cut without hands destroys the image, be-
comes a great mountain, and lills the world. 'I'ho
golden head was the kingdom of Nebuchadnezzar,
thesilver arms the Medo-l'ersian empire, the brazen
body the Macedonian dominion, and the iron legs,
and feet partly iron and partly clay, the govern-
ment of Home. The stone cut without hands was
Christ's coming kingdom and eon(|uests that would
destroy all existing empires and lill the whole world
with the agencies of its universal authority. These
events, except the destruction of Nebuchadnezzar's
kingdom, were ages in the future, but they were
pjredetermined and absolutely certain. The same
thing was true of the second dream of the king, —
the dream of the cutting down of the great tree
"whose height rcacheil unto heaven, and the siglit
unto the end of all tbr earth." It foretold the in-
security of the king and his removal from the throne
for seven years; this heaven-preordained calamity
fell jipon the king soon after. The present con-
dition of the Jews, and their state for ages, was
preordained of Goil : " I will deliver them, saitii
the Lord, to be removed to all the kingdoms of the
earth, to be a curse and an astonishment, and a
hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations
whither I have driven them." — Jer. xxix. 18. " I
will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like
as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least
grain fall u"pon the earth." — Aiuns ix. 9. Isaiah
(vi. 11, 12) foretelling evils for the Jews, says,
"Lord, how long? And he answered, 'Until the
cities be wasted without inhabitant, and the houses
without man, and the land be utterly desolate.' "
" He not dismayed, 0 Israel, for, behold, I will save
thee from afar nil', and thy seed from the land of
their captivity ; and Jacob shall return, and be in
rest and at ease, and none shall make him afraid.
I will make a full end of all the nations wdiitlier
I have driven thee : but I will not make a full end
of thee, but correct thee in measure : yet will I not
utterly cut thee off, or leave thee wholly unpun-
ished."— Jer. xlvi. 27, 28. The Jews have been
scattered into all lands, and they are everywhere
unjustly regarded as a " reproach and a hissing" ;
they have liecn sifted among the nations, but no
grain of Israel has taken root in the lands of their
exile; their country and their cities are desolate ;
he has not wholly cut off Israel, and he is evidently
awaiting the right time to restore them to their
country and their (!ud. These events were predes-
tinated and fi)retold thousands of years ago.

In the iifth chapter of Jtcvelalioil, the Lamb
standing in tlii^ midst of the throne took the won-
ilerful book with seven seals, the book of provid('n-
tial decrees ; for ho has all power in heaven and
on earth, and he opened seal after seal, ushering

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PR El) ESTINA TION

930

rUEDKSTINA 'HON

in a vast train of events rnnning over unmy agis ;
but tlicsc great issues were all predestinated, I'oi'e-
told, and recorded in a bonlc he'lure any oC tlieni
beeanje realitii.'s. I'rter, addressing tlie-liws, says
of (Jhrist, " llini, bidng deli\ered \iy the ilcteniii-
nate counsel and forcknuwleihje of Ood, ye have
taken, and by wieked liands havt erueilied and
shiin." — Acts ii. 23. '' For of a truth against tljy
holy child Jesus, wlnnii thon hast anointed, both
Herod and Pontius l^ilate, with the Gentiles and
the (leople of Israel, were gathered together, for
t> do whatsoever l/ii/ hand and thy counsel deter-
mined before (WlevnWy, jiredi s/inatcd) to be done'
— Acts iv. 27, 2S. I'lvery item in the Saviour's
death oocurred by the determinate counsel and fore-
knowledge of God, even to the carrying out of the
prophetic record, '• A bone of him shall nut be
broken." The Jews actuated by malii'e, .Satan
prompted by murderous hate, I'ilate controlled by
cruel seltislincss, and the peo]ile misled liy base
slanders, demanded the Saviours blood, and witli-
oiU intending or desiring it, they indicted upon
Jesus " AVliatsoever God's iiand and counsel deter-
mined before should bo done ;" and what occurred
in the Saviour's death governs the whole transac-
tions of earth ; as Augustine, quoted approvingly
by Calvin, says, "■ Nothing could lie more alisurd
than for anything to happen independently of the
ordination of God, because it would ha|ipen at ran-
dom."* " Our days arc determined, the number
of our nninths is- with him, he has appointed our
bounds that we cannot pass, he doeth according to
his will in the army of heaven, and among the in-
habitants of the earth."

The Philadelphia (Jonfession of Faith says, " God
hath decreed in himself from all eternity, by the
most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely
and unchangi'ably all things whatsoever comes to
pass; yet so as thereby is Gud neither the author
of sin, nor bath fellowship with any therein, nor is
violence offered to the will of the creature, nor yet
is the liberty or contingency of second cause taken
away, but rather established, in which appears his
wisdom in disposing all things, and power and
faithfulness in accomplishing his decree.

" Although God knoweth whatsoever may, or
can come to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet
hath he not decreed anything, because he foresaw
it as future, or as that which would come to pa.^s
upon such conditions." — Cha|). iii. 1, 2.

The Westminster Confession of Faithf has the
two clauses of tho Philadelphia Confession just
quoted; the only change is "ordain" for "de-
creed," iu the lirst section of the Philadelphia ar-

* OalvJii'fl TnstitntbH, lib. I. cup. 10, aoc. 8.

I Tliu 0itii8titwlii>ri uf llie PrcHhyteriau Cliunii iu Ibo L'uilcd
States of Aiiieiitii, p. 25(i. IMiilaik-liiliia.

tide, and the words " in which appears his wisdom
in disposing a
ill acconiplishi

things, and power and failhfuliicss
.^ his decree."

The si\ (intecnth article of the Kpiscopal Church
of Fnglanil says, " Predestination to life is the
everlasting purpose of God, whereby, before the
foundations of the world wore laid, he hath con-
stantly decreed by his counsel, secret to us, to de-
liver from curse and damnation those whom he
hatli chosen in Christ out of mankind, and to luring
them by Christ to everlasting salvation, as vessels
made to honor. AVherefore they which be endued
with so excellent a lienelit of God be called accord-
ing to God's purpose by his Spirit wnrking in due
season; they through grace obey the calling ; they
be justified freely ; they be nuide sons of God by
adoption ; they be nnulo like the image of his only-
begott('M Son Jesus Christ ; they walk religiously
in good works, and at length by God's mercy they
attain to everlasting felicity."

Predestination, the foreonlination of all the elect
to heaven, and of all the instrumentalities to secure
their conviction and preservation until they reach
the skies, and the preappointuu;nt of all earthly
occurrences, is tho docti-ine of all 15rilisli Presby-
terians, and their American religious descendants,
of all regular Baptists, and of the celebrated
'J'hirty-Nine Articles of the Episcopal Church.

In no sense does this doctrine interfere with our
responsibility for our acts. The Jews on the day
of Pentecost who heard from Peter that by " the
determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God"
they had killed the Lord, gather(!d no comfort from
the divine predestination of the Saviour's death ;
on the contrary, as they beard Peter's sermon
" they were pricked in their heart, and said unto
Peter, tmd to tho rest of the ajiostles, ' Men and
brethren, wdiat shall we do ?^ " They knew the act
was theirs, and nothing in the universe could make
them think otherwise.

Dr. Thomas Ileid,}: one of the most eminent
mental philosophers of modern times, says, "We
have by our constitution a natural conviction or
belief that we act freely ; a conviction so early, so
universal, and so necessary iu most of rational
operations, that it must be the result of our con-
stitution, and the work of him that nnide us. If
any one of our natural faculties be fallacious there
can be no reason to trust to any of them, for he that
made one made all." We are conscious that a par-
ticular sin is ours; if we raiinol believe our con-
sciousness about that, we can he sure of nothing, tvc
must doubt evcri/thin<j. Men sin because they de-
sire to do it; they transgress without constraint,
and they know it. Judas did not pretend to charge

t KsBitys uii tlio Powers of tlie Human filiti'l, vol. iii. p. 245. Lon-
Jon, lH'.'i.

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I'UIU) ESTINA TION

937

rilKHSLEV

liis criini! on |ji-edestination, nor did tlio three
thousand on tlic d;iy of Poutooost, Jiiid no iiiau
tniu to Ills own coiisciousiiuss over will in this ur
any other world.

The Scriptures usaumo tliat all sinners perpe-
trate their iniquities of tlieir own free will, and
lienee the puhliean is represented by, the Saviour
as praying, " J>ord, bo inereilul to me, a sinner,"
and the prodigal, " I liave sinned against heaven
and in thy sight, and I am no more worthy to lie
eallcd thy son." This language would bo absurdly
false if the pnbliean ami prodigal were compelled
by a decree of Ood or man to sin. 11' he who made
a mother's heart, and gave a Saviour to die for us,
by his undoubted predestination of all events com-
pelled men to sin, there would be pity fur unfor-
tunate and unwilling transgressors iu his bosom,
but no pains from him for them iu any world, and
no day of judguu'nt. But our oton coiiHCiuiisness, —
by which we are aware that we see, hear, feel pain,
and have the Saviour in our atfeetions, — the instru-
mentality by which we learn everything outside
of ourselves, tells us that we sin of our own choice,
anil that the guilt is ours. It makes each of us
say, " Against thee, thcc only, have I sinned and
done this evil in ihy sight." And its statements
must be true. The whole Scri|>tures charge tlieir
iniiiuities upon men, and it would indicate insanity,
or a hypocrisy never develojied in the most outrage-
ous deci;ivers of our race, to charge them upon others
than those who perpetrate them.

^V^e do not pretend to reconcile predestination
and human freedom to sin. (lod asserts both, and
has not seen tit to show us limv they agree; and
while we are absolutely certain that both doctrines
are true, we leave any aj/pcttciil lack of liarmony
between them to the light of an eternal morning.
As Dr. J{icliard Fuller, siieaking of these two great
facts, says, " I have shown that both these doctrines
are true, ajid of course that there is no discrepancy
between thom. I have shown that it is impossible
for us to resist either of these great truths, and it
is ei|ually impossible for our minds to reconcile
them. iJut luu-e, as everywhere, I'aith must ciiuie
to our aid, teaching us to repose unquestionably
upon (lod's veracity."

Ciod has predestinated the continuance of harvest
while the earth reniaineth, but he has also predes-
tinated the )ierpetual return of seed-time, and both
are preappointed together. If a fanner were to
say, ''Ood has foreordained the annual eoiniug of
a harvest forever, therefore I shall sow nothing,"
his Scripture-reading neighbor would inform him
that he had also foreordained the planting of seed
just before and in connection with the predesti-
nated harvest. "While the earth remainelli. .' ./■
lime and /utii'axt, and cold and heat, and suuuiur
an<l winter, and day and night, shall not ecasc.'
GO

So is it with s|iiritua! blessings, and the means of
securing them. 1 f a man is predestinated to eternal
life, it is foreordained that he shall repent, that he
shall strive to enter in at the strait gate, that he
shall believe upon Jesus, that lie shall lead a holy
life, that he shall bo a man of prayer, that he shall
be anxious to lead sinners to Christ, and that he
shall in some measure be faithful unto death.
Paul, in his passage to Home, when the storm was
very alarming, said to his companions in peril,
'• there should be no loss of any man's life among
you, but of the shi))." (jod had predetermined
this ; but when the sailors were about to desert
the vessel, ho said to the soldiers and prisoners on
board, " Kxeept these abide in the ship, ye cannot
be saved." — Acts xxvii. '22, 31. It was also fore-
ordained of Ood that the sailors should stay and
work the vessel. So is it with the saint's predesti-
imtion to life eternal ; with this there are the fol-
lowing foreordlnations of f!od : '\l am the vine, ye
are the branches: lie that abideth in me, and I in
him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for with-
out mo ye can do nothing. If a man abide not in
me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered;
and men gather them, :ind cast them into the lire,
and they are burned. If ye abide in me, and my
words abide iu you, ye shall ask what ye will, and
it shall be done unto you. Herein is my Father
glorilied, lliat ye be;ir much fruit; so shall yo be
my disciples.. Ye have not chosen me, but I have
chosen you, and ordained you, that you should go
and bring forth I'ruit, and that your fruit should
remain." — John xv. o-iS, Itl. And when a believer
sees those evidences of predostinatinn in himself,
the words of the poet are true of him, —

"JIdio liiii>[i_v, I. Ill nut muru Kecure,

TliC ^^loiilluti ajyililrt ill hciLVfll."

Prescott, Rev. John Q,., a distinguished preacher
and educator in Louisiana, was born in New Ilaaip-
sliire in 1821); while teaching in Alabama was
ordained to the ministry; for six years at the head
of a large .school at Macon, Miss. ; removed to
Lonisiaiuiin 1S52; was successively financial agent
of I5aptist State Convention, I'rofessor of Jlath-
ematlcs in Mount Lebanon University, and prin-
cipal of Mount Lebanon Female College; died in
18G7.

Pressley, Judge B. C, was born in York
County, S. 0. lie is between lifty and sixty years
of age, and has long been regarded as one of the
ablest lawyers in the State. Gen. (Jounor, for
some time attorney-general of South Carolina, oueo
said to the writer, ".Mr. Pressley prides himself on
his skill in planting, at which he has never suc-
ceeded, and thinks very little of himself as u law-
yer. But I Would as soon encounter any other
nuin at the bar." This is not the first instance in

T!X'

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rilESSLKY

93S

PRICE

wliirli Miuu of liij^li order (if talent liiivc mistaken
both their .strorii; anil their weak points, lie lias
been a circuit jndy;e for several years, and there is
not all abler or a ]uirer on the bench. He carries
his natural urbanity and kiiuliicss into his high
jiosition as well as into ))rivate life, lie is every-
where tJie same Christian gcntlflinan, ami never
asluiiiied of Iteing a IJaptist.

Pressley,- Judge John Gotea, was born in
Williamsburg (Jo., S. C, iMay 24, lSo3; descended
on his father's side from the Scotch Covenanters,
and on his mother's from the French Huguenots.
His father was an eiiiinent citizen and Presby-
terian ruling, elilei'. His inoiher, a woman of
groat piety. In IS'il he graduated liigh in his class
from the iSoutli Candiua iMilitary Academy, at
Charleston. Stiirlied law with a relative, -Juilge
Benjamin 0. Pressley, a in;in of great |)iety, through
wlios(^ lVi(Miilly conversation lie was leil to investi-
gate the faith of Baptists, in order to vindicate the
faith of his ancestors, but the result was that he
became a Baptist, and jnined, by baptism, the Sec-
ond church of Charleston, in l!S.)4. In June, i.S54,
he was admitted to the bar before he was of ago,
by special dispensation of Presiding Judge J. B.
O'Neall, a name dear to all Baptists in South Car-
olina. He settled in Kiugstree; joined the Bap-
tists; helped to make the Bethleheni cliurcli re-
speete3 and inlluential ; was ordained a deacon in
!S50; had a line legal practice; became a member
of the State Legislature in 1.S58 ; and at the begin-
ning of the war, in 1801, joined the Confederate army
as a captain ; rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel
of 2otli S. C. Vol. llegiment ; commanded it in
every battle but one, until disabled by wounds, and
often prayed with his men around the camp-lire.
He was a brave soldier. He was trustee of Fur-
man University, a frequent member of Bajitist State
Conventions, and in 1858 a member of the Southern
Baptist Convention at Baltimore, which inaugu-
rated the good feeling then fast growing between
Southern and Northern Baptists. In 1869 he re-
moved to California ; located at Suisun City ; joined
the Dixon church ; entered into a lucrative practice;
helped to organize California College; was a trus-
tee and secretary of the college board until his re-
moval to Santa Rosa, in 187-i, when he joined the
church there; was chosen deacon and Sunday-
school superintendent, and is a leader in the
church. Moderator of Association, and known
evei'ywhere as an earnest Baptist. In 1875 he was
elected county judge. In 187'.' he was nominated
by Democrats, and imlorsed by Ilepublicans, Work-
ingmen, and the Temperance parties .for superior
judge, and elected, which position he occupies with
distinguished ability. There are few happin- Chris-
tian homes than the one occupied by Judgi; I'rcssley
and his wife at Santa Rosa, Cal.

Prevaux, Rev. Francis Edward, was bdrn in
Amesbury, Mass., in 18li2, and was a graduate of
Brown University in the class of 1840, and )iiu-
sued his thctdogical studies at Newton. On leaving
the institution he received an ap[ioinlmeiit from
the American Baptist Home Missionary Society to
go to California as a missionary to the new settle-
ments of that State. He not only |U-cached but
engaged also in the work of teaching. Although
his connection with the Home Missionary Society
was not of long continuance, he remained in the
vocation to which he deemed himself called by the
voice of Providence. Ten years were devoted to
bis work, when the disease which terminated fatally
compelled him to return to his Kastcrn friends in
Salisbury, Mass., where Ik; died May 12, 180U.

Price, Rev. Jonathan D., in early life was a
Presbyterian, and had studied at Princeton Col-
lege. He was born and reared in New Jersey.
Expecting to go as a missionary, in order to in-
crease his usefulness ho took a course in a meili-
oal college at Philadelphia. While reading the
news from the Ba|itist mi>si(ms he was led to in-
vestigate the subject of the ordinances, became a
Bajitist, was ordained at Philadelphia, .shared with
Judson the savage barljaritics of Oung-pen-la, after-
wards had a prospect of great iiiUiienre with the
king and court because of his medical skill, hut
died in 1828. His wife was the first female mis-
sionary laid in the grave in Burmah. This early
link between the Baptists of New Jersey and for-
eign missions is calculated to animate zeal and ac-
tivity in conquering the world for Christ.

Price, Rev. Thomas, Ph.D., was born in Bre-
conshire, Wales, on the 17th of April, 1820. He
was baptized into the fellowship of the Watergate
Baptist church, Brecon, by the Rev. John Evans.
At the age of twenty-one he left the rural scenes
of this ancient Welsh town for the metropolis.
Here he united at lirst with the Welsh church at
Muorfields, and subsequently' with the Eagle Street
church, whence, in 1841, he was sent to Pontypool
College to pursue his studies fur the Christian min-
istry.

In 184.5, Mr. Price was invited to assume the pas-
toral charge of the Calvaria Baptist church in Aber-
dare. It was at the time a feeble interest, and the
only church of the Baptist faith (with perhaps one
exception) in the whole of that vicinity. The
growth of the town, in consequence of the develop-
ment of large iron and coal interests, was ra|iid
and substantial, but not more so than the growth
of the Baptist cause under the vigorous administra-
tion of Mr. Price. In hS.'Jl a new buihling was
decided u|ion, with a seating cajiacity for lUlK)
hearers. The work of the succeeding ten years is
unprecedented in the history of the denomination
in Wales. Large and commodious churches were

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I'JilCE

939

PlUCHAllD

Luilt lit LUvyilcoeJ, Mill Street, CwiiiJiire, Gadlys
Yiiisluyil, AlieraiiiiUi, Cuiiuinion, (Japeoueh, iiiiJ
tlie cililice previou.ily occupied Ijy the W'elsli eliureli
was litteJ uj) uml used by a tlourisliiiii!; Engli.-;li con-
gregation.

In 1X62 there were 3006 iiiemliers in full com-
munion in the Aherdaru \'alley, ovei- UIDIJ at (.!al-
varia, the parent church, alone. No »nch record
of aj^j;re.ssive work can be in-itanced of any other
sinj^le p;',stor within llio boundaries of the princi-
pality.

Nor has the jrreat streniitli of this indefatij^altle
worker bi;en conliued to the interests of his own
church. All the ^rcut niovomcnts of a social and
polilical character lind in him an enerj;etic and
ooMinianding supporter, lie has been, and still is,
ii prominent leader and nionhler of public sentiment
on every great ((UeNtion of social, natioinil, ami re-
ligious interest. The citizens have on frequent oc-
casions testified their appreciatinu of his services
in a betitting nnmner. His pleasant home is a per-
fect gallery of costly testimonials, indicating a life
of remarkable activity and a versatility of talent
a'arely found in the same person.

Dr. Price has been for many years on the staff
of the Seren Gainer, and was for a considerable
period eo-editorof the Owevn, an anden(jminational
newspaper of wide inHuence. lie was likewise joint
■editor of the (Jweithewo, a social and political paper,
devoted maitdy to the interests of the working
•classes. He was principal promoter and one of
the editors of the Givt/litdi/dd and the Medelwo
Icwane, and was for many years chief editor of the
Jieri:n Cyinru, the leading organ of the Welsh
Baptists in the principality.

As lecturer and preacher, Dr. Price is known
throughout the length and breadth of Great Britain.
Jlis realistic power is remarkable. He speaks of
the remote past with a quaint familiarity which
sometimes borders on the grotesque, but which is
immensely ell'ective on the popular mind. The
simple narratives of Scripture seldom glow with a
[lurcr lustre than when garnished with his peculiar
genius. In every form of descriptive speech he is
an ai:com|dished mastci'.

Long life and a glory-tinted old age to the vet-
eran who has been so true and brave in the moral
and s|]iritual contlicts of his country and his times I

Price, Rev. Thomas Jones, was born in the
town of Hay, Breconshire, North Wales, March 9,
ISUo ; came with his parents to America in 181S,
and settled in Clark Co., 0. ; was converted at the
age of liftcen, and Hoori after bdgan to preach, lieing
then known as the boy preacher. His work was
for the nojst part within the bounds of the Mad
River Ass(.icialion, Ohio, over which he presided
for thirty-nine years, anil in which he cxerci" I a
controlling inlluence. * He was somewhat eccentric

in his methods of work, and had a special liking
for the itinerant system, preaching at the same
time for a number of churches. Being blessed
with a competency, it was his delight to supply
feeble churches, to help the poor, and to give to
the cause of missions at home and abroad. Under
the title of " lOlder" I'rice he was known far and
near, and is reniembcred most all'ectidimtely by
tlunisands of people. He died April 16, 1S76, and
was buried at Urbana, 0.

Prichard, John, D.D., was born in the parish
of Llaneilian, near Amlwch, Wales, in the month
of iMareli, 17'J6. He was Icil to the acceptance of
the Baptist laith from hearing ii seiiiion |irciiclicd
by a distinguished ('alviiiisti(! Methodist (Kev.
John I'rytbci'ch) on the sull'erings of (.'hrist,
from the te.^t, " 1 have a ba]itism to be baptized
with, and how am 1 straitened until it is ac-
com|ilisheil V He was immersed by the Kev.
Thomas llees Davios. He entered the colh.'ge at
Abergavenny at the age of twenty-live. His lirst
and only settlement was Llangulleii. He was a
most indefatigable worker in the cause of Christ.
His influence was felt more widely than that of
any other pastor in the northern counties of the
priiici|jality for many years. He labored diligently
to establish an English church in Llangollen, and
not without effect. In 1862 a college for the train-
ing of young men for the Christian ministry was
established largely through his inlluence, of which
he became the president.

Dr. I'richard wrote much for the press. Early
in his ministry he started a luonthly magazine
for the use of Baptist Sunday-schools, called IV
Al/iraiv (The Teacher), which he conducted single-
handed for many years. He likewise published a
compendium of doctrines, called " The First Cate-
chism," U|i\vards of thirty thousand copies of which
were sold, not to mention the reprint of the same
in this country. Many pamphlets of great value
were likewise the production of his pen.

He was an able and instructive preacher. Many
of his contemporaries exceeded him in brilliancy,
but in sanctilied common sense and exalted piety
be was unsurpassed. Few men served their age
more faithfully and well. He died on the 7th of
September, 1875, in his eightieth ycai'.

Prichard, Rev. John Lamb, was bom in Pas-
quotank Co., N. C. i'rof John Armstrong found
him, at the age of twenty-three, a carpenter, and
awakened in him a thirst for knowledge. The
next year, 18.-!5, he presented himself at Wake
Forest Institute, then a manual labor school, with
his kit of tools on his shoulder, and asked the priv-
ilege of working for an education. In 1840 he
graduated with honor, snent a year as master of
nn academy in Murfreesborough, N. C.', and then, at
the instance of the Kev. .John Kerr, settled as pastor

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rniME

940

rmrvHAiw

of the Diuivillu liaptiKt chiii-cli, in Vii'i^inia. llurc
lie reinaiiH'J ten yeiir.s, iiroafhiiii; u piu't of the time
lor the churches of Yaneeyville and Milton, in
Nortii ("arolina. In 1S512 lie removed to Lynoh-
bnrg, Va., wliere for four years he hihored with
intense ardor and distinguished success.

In 1,S.')() lie hi'caine pastor of the First Baptist
church of Wihuington, N. (!., and at once entered
upon the enterprise of erecting a new house of wor-
ship. He was not permitted to finisii tiiis work,
but he lived long enougii to see tiiat his labors
would be rewarded by giving the Baptists of Wil-
mington the handsomest church structure in the
State.

Ill 18(J2 tlio little blockade steamer " Kate''
brought the yellow fever to AVilmington, and
among its last and noblest victims was tliis great
and good nnin. lie died a hero and a martyr, and
his virtues have been fittingly commemorated in an
admirable memoir by the Bev. J. 1). Ilnf ham, D.l),
Mr. Prichard was twice married, first to I\Iiss Mary
15. llinton, of Wake Co., N. 0. His second wife
was JMiss Jane, eldest daughter ol' Dr. James I!.
Taylor, of llicliniond, Va. His eldest son, IJobert,
graduated at Wake Forest College, and was an ac-
cepted missionary to China when he died. Ilis
eldest daughter, Mary, is the wife (jf Prof, (.'liarles
F. 'fayhir, of ^V'akl' Forest College.

Prime, Rev. George M., was bom in Vermont
in 18IJ2; received a lilii;ral education, and entered
u|ion the praetice'of medicine first in !\Iississippi and
Louisiana. In !S30he settled in Little Itock, Ark.,
where he coutiniuid some years, and then removed
to Camden. He became a Baptist about I1S58, while
practising his profession in Franklin Parish, La.
He was soon after ordained to the ministry', and
in a few years returned to ^Vrkansas and devoted
himself entirel)' to the ministry. Dr. Prime was a
line writer, and at one time paid much attention
to art as an amateur portrait-painter. He died at
Eldorado, Ark., March 1, I.S(i9.

Prince Edward Island Baptists. — See article
on Nova Scotia BAi'irsTS.

Prior, Rev. John Thomas, a native of Georgia,
was born in Madison, INIorgan Co., Feb. 27, 1847.
At the age of fifteen he was immersed, und joined
the Bethlehem ohurcii, of which his father was an
honored deacon. At the age of twenty-one ho
entered Mercer University, and graduated from
the full course in 1S70. He began preaching early
in life, under a license from the Bethlehem church.
In 1871 he was ordained, ami engaged in teaching
in important schools of the South. In 1872 he
accepted a call from the Di.xon church, California,
acting as associate pastor for fifteen inonlhs. In
1874 he was pastor at (irand Island. '1 li ■ in'.st
five years he was pastor of the Hopewiil and
AVoodland churches. In California he :;ained

general confidence as a writer, and was cordially
welcomed to the business and editorial control of
the Ecaiujel, the duties of which lie assumed in
1870. As a pastor and preacher be has been very
successful.

Pritchard, T. H., D.D., was born in Charlotte,
N. C, Feb. 8, 18^.2; bajitized by Dr. \f . T. Brooks
in 184'J; graduated at AVake Forest College in
I8.'j4; served the college one year as agent; was
ordained pastor of Hertford church, N. C, Novem-
ber, 185,5, Dr. Wm. Hooper ))reaching the sermon ;
read theology for a while with Dr. -J. A. Broadus,
in Charlottesville, Va. ; was pastor of the Franklin
Square church of Baltimore fi'om January, 18(10,
to July, 18(j)); filled the jiulpit of First church,
Kaleigh, N. C, fi-om November, ISO.S, to -May, 18().'),
during the absence of ]iastor. Dr. T. K. Skinner, in

T. M. I'Kiren ako, l.d.

Europe; settled as pastor of First church, Peters-
burg, Va., in July, 180.'j; resumed care of the
lialeigh church in Febnuiry, 1808, and renuiined
in this position till called to the presid(Micy of
AVako Forest College, in July, 18711. For seven
years Dr. Pritchard was chairman uf the Board of
Missions of Statt; Convention ; and was f(u- several
years associate editor of ItililiaiL Itcrorda-. lie
receive<l the tithr of D.J\ from the University of
North Carolina in iMi.s. IFis falher, Itev. J. P.
Pritchard, has lived in Texas fijr twenty-five years.
Dr. T. II. Pritchanl is doing a noble work for
Wake Forest College, and his great ability ami
piety <|ualify him for eminent success in any de-
partment uf minisferial labor.

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PROGRKSS

941

PROGRESS

Progress of Baptist Principles in other De-
nominations.— I'lic l):i|jli«t-! luui! incrijasuil at a
rate wiiliiii a luiiulreil \ cnrs wliicli is fitted to excite
astoiiisliiueiit. Jii IT'S 4 \vu liaJ 471 cliurclics and
35,101 ineiubers ia tiiis cuunti'y, now we liave
20,OGO churches and 2,290,327 lueinbers. But our
lirinciples have spread very widely ,iii other re-
ligious conmuiiiitie.s.

Ever since the Saviour said, •' My kingdom \s
not of this world; if my kingdom were of tliis
world, then wouM my servants fiijht,^' Baptists
have repudiated the connection between chui'ch
^nd state, by which the latter supports the former.
About the iiiiddlo of tlie seventeenth century the
Quakers and Baptists were severely persecuted in
Massachusetts, and numbers of both eomnmnities
•were Lanislied. " Toleration was preached against
as a sin in rulers, that would bring down the judg-
ment of heaven upon the laml. Jlr. Dudley (the
deputy governor) died with a copy of verses in his
pocket, of which the two folhjwing lines make a

jiart

' Lt't iiiuii iif Oud, in onirt ;iii<l churches, watch
O'er Ml< li iis do Ji toltfralion hritcli.'"*

■John Adams, subsequently President of the
United States, while he was at the Continental
Oongress, in 1774, declared that it was against the
consciences of the peoijle of ^Massachusetts to make
any change in their laws about religion; that
Israel Pemberton the Quaker, and Isaac Backus
the Baptist minister, who were seeking deliver-
ance for their brethren, sulfering im|jrisonment in
Massachusetts jails for their religious opinions,
might as well think they cnuld change the move-
ments of the heavenly bodies as alter their religious
laws.f This was the doctrine of Ann;rican Congre-
gationalists during the struggle for inile)iendence.

In Virginia the Episcopal state church levied
taxes to suii]iort her ministry, with an oppressive
severity from the settlement of the colony down to
the time when Revolutionary liberty and Baptist
and Presbyterian growth deprived her of her unjust
exactions. But after this an insidious elfort was
made to pass an assessment law, Ijy which each man
should be compelled to |>ay a tax to support his own
minister. Patrick llenryl i'avorcd the assessment,
and Washington and John Marshall, Llie future
chief justice of the United States,^ and the Presby-
terian ministers of Virginia, and, of course, the
Episcopal Church. But the Baptists and Pres-
byterian laymen tiiuilly secured the rejection of the
assessment in 178.5. Thomas JcfTerson, the groat
friend of liberty in worshiping God for the Baptists

* Griiiishiiw'b llititory of tho Unituil Slultis, iip, fj?, .^ifc
j.hiu, IS.iCi.

t l.ifc nnd Works of John AJiUiis, li. yO'J.

{ Wirl's l.ifo of J'.ilrick lloiirj', p. iG\. ll;irtrorJ.

J Kivcs'a I,ili) uml Timvs of J;iiiii'a Miolidon, i. CUl-2.

of Virginia, says, in a letter to Dr. Rush, "There
was a hope e(jnlidently cherished about 180U>that
there might he a state ehni-ch throughout the United
Statc;s, and this expectation was specially cherished
by Episcopalians and Congregationalists.''||

To-day, in our broad country, in every denom-
ination of Protestants, the Baptist doctrine, that
religion should be free from state guardianship and
financial support, is iiniversally accepted.

In the time of Jonathan Edwards, one of the
greatest of American thinkers, and one of the most
devout Christians that ever ministered in a Congre-
gational meeting-house, his church in Northamp-
ton, Mass., admitted to the Lord's Supper "those
who really rejected Jesus Christ and disliked the
gospel way of salvation in their hearts, and knew
that this was true of themselves;" and the church
had a method of admitting such members " with-
out lying and hypocrisy.'' Tliis system "spread
very much among ministers and people in that
county and in other parts of New England. "If
When Mr. Edwanls, in 1749, felt compelled to
take the ground that none but real ('hristians have
a right to come to the Lord's Supper, liis Baptist
platform for the communion table created a great
ferment throughout the town, and a general ery for
his dismissal was heard, and the next year he was
driven from a church where the Lord had so sig-
nally honored his ministry. Isaac Backus br(jught
the same charge against the first Congregational
church of Norwich, Conn., in 1745. As Dr. Ilovey
relates it, "Men who entertained no hope them-
selves, and who gave no evidence to others that
they had been renewed by the S|iirit of God, were
often, if not generally, admitted to all the privi-
leges and ordinances of tiie Christian church."**
This system,, out of which Unitarianism grew in
New England, was a wide-spread and malignant
evil one hundred and thirty years ago.

Tlie Presbyterian Church in America was in the
same situation. The Larger Catechism of that
church says of baptism, "Whereby the parties
baptized are solemnly admitted into the visible
church, and enter into an open and professed en-
gagement to bo wholly and only the Lord's. ''ff In
the time of Edwards this article, frameil by the
Westminster Assembly, was in full force, the child
of chnrcli members was admitted into the church
by baptism, and in youth on merely repeating the
catechism, without any reference to a new heart,
.was permitted to go to the Lord's table. Curtis
states that at the time when Princeton Somiimry
was founded, " so far from coiiversion being cs-

1 Memoirs, CorresiKiriilcnco, etc., 111. 341. Obmlottcsville, 1820.
U Works of .lormlhiiJi Eilwunls, i. I'rcf. civii. Loioluii, 1810.
** Lifo and Times of l^uac DiicUiis, p. U. lloston, IsriU.
tt 't'lie (-'uristitutiori of thu I'rt'sbyterimi Cllurch, pp. 341-42.
Presl'ytcrmii 15ourd of rubliciUiuii I'liiludelpliiii. ,

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PROGRESS

942

PROSRT.YTE

teemed iiecessivry to full comiiuniioii, it Wiia a iiuit-
ter of loiMiiul (lisoiissioii wlielher it w;i.s ]iro|iei' to
reqiiiro tlie crediljlc lirofessioii (if a eluuige (if heart
ill (lie ministry, iinil considered tliat it wus not.
Yet even now tliere is iiotliiiij; in tliuir Confession
of Kaitli to prevent the reeeption of iiiieonvcrted
persons as ooiniiionieants. The EstabKished Ohureli
of Seotlund, witli a similar confession [the suinej,
does not roi(uire conversion."*

As hlte as the Revolution the Episcopalians were
]ainentabl_v indifferent about the conversion of the
clergy as a cpialificatioii for their sacred office, and
about the regeneration of the laity as a needful
preparation lor the Eucharist.

In our day the Congregational ministry and
nieinbershi)) stand on the Saviour's platform of
conversion. No one can unite with the Presby-
terian (!hurcli of this country without satisfying
the niinistrr and (dders that he lias a in.'W heart.
And even in evangelical congregations of the Epis-
copal Church the godly rector in preparing his
" continnation class'' for the Ijishop will e.Kereise
much vigilance to see that each of them is born
" from al-iove.''

Infant baptism is sulTering from n rapid decline.
In the time of Edwards every infant in the col-
onies, whose parents were not Baptists or Quakers,
was duly christened shortly after birtli, ji.st as every
similar child in l^ighind is ba)itizcd in our day. 15nt
witii us now there are hosts of nnsprinkled children
whose parents are. pious Pedobaptists. ]\Iany of
the most devoted members of non-15aptist commu-
nities leave their children to select their own form
of baptism wlieu they are cnnverted. Curtis, Avhosc
work was [niblishcd in l^J.").'), among other evi-
dence's of the decline of infant baptism quotes
from .a " recent number'' of the JonrjiaL of Coin-
incrcc the statement of its Boston corres|iondent,
who says, " In our Congregational churches we
fear that there is consideraldo indiirereneo and
neglect in reference to infant liaptism. In one of
our oldest churches in this State there had not
been a few years since an instance of infant bap-
tism for the seven preceding years. Last year
there were seventy Congregational churches in New
Hampshire that reported no infant baptisms. 'I'his
year ninety-si.K elinrclies report none. Jl'lliis indif-
ference continues the ordinance will become e.vtiiict
in the Congregational churches."

In 1S27, (hirtis states that there was one infant
baptized in the Presbyterian Church in the United
States to every I'A^ communicants, and in IS.'k)
the tables of the Old and New School Pr(ssbyteiiaiis
being counted together, infant baptism Jiad de-
creased from \^l toli'l-^g. This is a reduction of
not (juite ulialf in a few years.f Among the .Meih-

• ProgrcB-i of Iliijitist i'riiicl|ili-s, p. 00. Boston, 18.^:■l
t M.'Mi, pp. i:!I-;iJ. Huston, IKK.

odists the ceremony is treated with even less con-
sideration, and the dei;ay is still in rapid progress.

Our principles have invaded the (diurchiis of
our brethren of the evangelical denominations, and
they have e.x|ielled state-churchism fi-om every one
of tluon ; they luive shown them the Saviour's
grand doctrine that a church should be composed
of converted members, which has been adopted
extensively, and they are breathing a withering
decline over the practict^ of infant baptism. In our
own ilenominational fold, by the Idessing of Cod, we
liavo gathered a host of converts and trained them
for the highest usefulness. AVe have reared many
nolile institutions of learning, sent out missionaries
whom God lias greatly blessed, and exerted a ]iow-
erful infliicnco in favor of true liberty on the State
and National institutions of our countr}', and out-
side of it in America our work lias been almost as
great. And it is likely that our inlliienee in other
ilenominati(uis will continue, and even spread, until
"alien baptisms" will equal Baptist immersions,
and children will Ijo relieved from the initiatory
rite altogether, and one great fold will embrace the
whole regenerated followers of the Lamb.

Proper, Rev. DatUsD., was liorn in Van Bnren
Co., Inwa, Jan. 31, 1S4I. In 18G2, during his aca-
ilemic course at Mount Pleasant, ho entered the
army and served three years. In January, IStilJ,
he united with the Baptist Church. lie afterwanls
engaged for a time in teaching school and farming,
and while thus occupied he was impressed with the
conviction that it was his duty to preach the gospel.
In 1S72 he was ordained. In J873 he went tu the
Theological Seminary, Chicago, where he graduated
from the special course in 1S75. In 1875 he set-
tled as pastor at Ames, Iowa, where he remained
two years. During this time fity were added to the
church. In 1877 he accepted a call to the church
at Iowa Falls, lie resigned this pastorate to be-
come State Sunday-.'^clHiol missionary of the Amer-
ican Baptist Publication Society and of the Iowa
Baptist State (Convention. lie gave to this work
fifteen months of earnest and success.fiil labor, and
then returned to the pastorate, settling with the
East Des Moines Baptist church, his present field
of labor.

Proselyte Baptism of the Je'ws is still a living
institution, and occasionally in the United States it
is administered. Dr. Lightfoot says that "Ah soon
as the prosejyto grows whole of the wound of cir-
cumcision they bring him to baptism, and placed
in the water, they again iiistnnt him ;ii some
weightier and in some lighter commands of the
law; wdiich being heard, he plunges himself, and
comes up, and ladiold he is an Israelite indeed in
all things." To explain what the Jiluiiging i.s ho
(piotes from Maimonides, "Every person baptized
must di|i his whole luidy, now stripped and made

1..

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rnouDFOOT

943

rnOVIDRNCK

naked, at one dippinir." (Wliolo Works, vol. xi.
pp. 59, 01. London, 1S2().) ']'liis complete dipping
is .still required lor a I'n^rau or a Christian onj-
bracin^ .Indaisni. ('riie liaptisin of the Ages, p.
VXJ.. Pnhlication Soi-iety, I'hiladelphia.)

Proudfoot, Rev. Richard, was horn in the city
of Lonilon in 1770. He cnnie to Anrurica prior to
the war of 1812, and heeanio a .stndent under the
celehratcd Dr. .Staiightou, of Phihidelphia. .Soon
after his coiir.se of preparatory stiuly for the work
of the uiinibtry, he settled in Cambria County,
when that section was almost an unbroken wilder-
ness. His field of labor .stretched over the Alle-
ghanics and eastward to Iliuitingdcjn, Stone Creek,
Mill Creek, Shirh.'ysburg, and parts adjacent. In
all these places the fruits of his labor are ver3' appar-
ent in churches still existing. He traveled over
this immense region, sometimes on foot or in the
saddle, amid all conditions of weather, until called
home to liis reward, -May 2, 1.S4."), aged seventy-
live years. His |daco of burial is at Three Springs,
Huntingdon County. l5rother i'rouilfoot stands
among the honored band of twenty-six ministers,
from ideven dill'erent States, who assembled in
Philadelphia, M.iy IS, ISld, and organized the Bap-
tist Triennial Convention, and, at the same time,
recognized and appointi'd Judsou and Kice as mis-
sionaries in Bnrmali.

Providence. — That God created the world and
evi'i'y thing in it we assume, and tluit he exercises
dominion over these works of his hands his Word
nnmist;Lkably teacluis. His government of the
world is plainly to be inferred from the vast and
diversilied interest he has shown in summoning it
into existence. The nuiker of a jjowerful engine,
recpiiring great skill and patient toil, would not
leave it at work without superintendence, and with-
out protection friim the ellbrts of the evil disposed,
■who might readily destroy its efficiency. Jehovah
has complete ecmtrol of the world and all its move-
ments, and his government is in continual exercise
for the be^t interests of our race.

The su|irem(; lensnn for each earthly act is the
order of Jehovah. We do not speak of the causes
of events, but the reasons, without which they can-
not exist in this world. God has two classes of
orders, decrees nj' permission and decrees of ajipoint-
■i/ient, ]}y the former he allows men and diuiions
to commit acts of wrong whieh they have planni;d,
and for the conception anjl execution of which they
are solely responsible. IJy the latter he directly
ordains the existence of pure aiul merciful events.
And by these two classes of divine orders Jesus
rules the world, .fob's experience furnishes an il-
lustration of (iod's decrees of i)ermission and (if
appointment. ^Vhen Satan turned the furv iil ilie
tornado upon the house in whiili his childr. ! ', .tc
feasting, and his sons were killed, he said, '■ The

Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away, bles.sed
))e the name of the Lord." By divine appointment
.lob's sous came to him ; by d'wiix^i permission Satan
ih'stroyed his young men, and Job recognizes the
dominion of tJod in both events, 'fhe Saviour
says, "All power is given unto me in heaven and
in earth." T'he word jiower (iiovaia) used by
.^Lltthew means authority, sovereignty, doiriinion.
Christ, then, has entire control of the birds of the
air, the fish of the sea, the beasts of the lield, and
the whole movements of human beings, and of all
the elements, and of all the worlds, of everything,
and of every one that can inlluence mortals faV(o--
ably, unfavorably, or indilfcrently. He received
this authority to use it, and he cannot be unfaith-
ful to his trust. " He doeth according to his will ii\
the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of
the earth."

Instruments of the Savionr''s Prooidentiul Govern-
ment.— He uses what wo call accidents as the in-
struments of his providential government. When
the voice of God arrested the knife with which
Abraham was going to kill Isaac, he found a ram
caught in a tliicket ready for the altar from which
his only son was released. No human being en-
ticed the ram to the tliicket, or druve, or bound it
(here; Jehovah drew it liy the attractive shrubs,
or the sweet grass, and unconsciously it ]jressed
forward until its horns were firmly held by the
tangled brush ; and by this apparent accident ihi!
Lord provided for the necessities of Abraham's
situation, as he has done m3'riads of times since
for the needs of others.

The worst crimes of men (ire inst)'uini nts ^>C GoiVn
government. The special love which Jacob cher-
ished for Joseph stirred up the fierce :nalice of his
brothers, and at first they proposed to murder him,
and tlien they concluded to sell him into slavery
and tell his father that a wild beast hail killed him.
A band of Ishmaelites going down to Lgypt, no
doubt knowing that he was as free as themselves,
agreed to buy him and tn aiil his brothers in their
great crime. When Potiphar bought Joseph the
wickedness of his wife soon covered the young
Hebrew with infamy and cast him into pri.son.
Three parties, by as many distinct ini(|uities, lent
their aid to place .Jnsepli in jail. There he iuter-
prcteil the dream of a high officer in Pharaoh's
palace, he in process of time mentioned Joseph to
the king, whose mysterious visions he explained,
and Joseph became governor of all lOgypt, and
saved its people and tlic inhabitmits of the adjacent
countries, including his father and brothers, IVoiii
the horrors of a seven years' I'amine. The basest
passions of men's hearts are often turned by Je-
hovah into channels of l»enevolenee.

Henry \'ll[., of Kngland, wrote a book against
Luther, and was the strongest partisan of the pa-

rM>

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I'HOVIDKNCI-:

944

I'ROVIDENCK

\n\ay in Europe. Hut the Lord dctorniined to Ijriiiij
him and liis |n!oplo from tho udiuiis tyranny of
Konio. Henry foil in love with a young lady of
his L'liurt, and fur certain reasons lio sought a di-
vorce from his wile Oatlicrino ; the pojie was afraid
to olfend Charles V., a near relative of the queen,
and a ncighhor of his holiness, an<l" he refused
llcuiry's a|i|iliealion. The king secured a divorce
from his J'arliament ami married Anne IJoleyn.
Upon the new marriage the wrath of pu|)al Kiirope
was expended, and Queen Anne, who loved tho
Bible, led her husband and his kingdom into the
ranks (d' the Reformation. lioAn'O, and since, tho
Jews, out of envy and iuitroil, wore omjjloyed by
Jehovah to shod the blood of atonement and to
purchase our redoi]i|ition by the wuunds they in-
flicted upon Jesus ; in innumerable cases God has
used the dark passions of men to execute his plans
of love.

The tuwcriiii/ ainhitian of men is another agency
of liis prdviiloneo. The Medes were once lying
outside (d' Uabylun, resolved to increase their glory
anil their empire by the capture of the mightiest
and most magnificent city on earth. AVithin its
walls their power and threats were regarded with
contempt. One night tho king nmde a great feast
fur a thousand of his lords, and during tho joyful
excitement the sacred vessels carried from the tem-
ple of (Jod in Jerusalem by the plundering Uaby-
hmiaiis were brought to tho favored guc^sts, and
they drank wine oLit.of them in honor (d' the gods
of Babylon, and they blasphemed Jehovah. Soon
the terrible hand and writing were seen, and speed-
ily the ambitious Medos were in that palace, and
that night guilty Belshazzar was slain, and JJarius
sat upon his throne.

The siitiiji slants ol' Jehovah influence men to pei'-
form the behests of his )U'ovidence. Just as evil
S]iirits can make suggestions in our minds without
our knowledge of their presence, so can Jehovah.
AVhen Aohan concealed the puxeious metals and
the rich robe at the capture of Jericho, his brethren
knew nothing of his crime. The rout at Ai pro-
claimed the fact that S'Jine one had sinned, but
said nothing about the transgn-.ssor. The lots were
cast, and Achan was unniaskeil and he confessed.
lUit the suggestions of Gud liimself were reipiired
to guide those who cast the lots. So when 11am an
was going to hang Mordecai, the man of God, the
inght before the king's consent was to be solicited,
Ahasnerus could not sleep, and instead of music (jr
wine lie had the chronicles of his kingdom read,
and, singularly enough, that section of them nar-
rating that Mordecai had saved the king from as-
sassination, and that he had never been rewarded.
Mordecai was honored the next morning by Hainan
leading him through the )irincipal street of li.iiv-
lon with the king's crown upon liis head and a

royal robe around him, and making proclamation
that he was the num wdiom the king delighted to
honor. God disturboil the king that sleepless
night ; he suggested the chronicles of his kingdom,
and the section about Mordecai, and his providence
protected his life and honored him. It was Jehovidi
that suggested modern missiuns to William Oaroy,
and by suggestion, beyond all doubt, harvests of
acts of (jod's government are summoned into life.
These are some of the agencies employed by divine
(jrovidence.

Character of the Gooernment. — It applies to eoery-
thinij alfecting human life, even the snuvllest uuit-
ters. The .Saviour says, '' .Vre not two sparrows
sold for a farthing? And one of them shall not
fall on the ground without your Father; but the
very hairs of your heiul are all numbered ; fear
ye not, therefore, ye are of more value than many
sparrows." — ]MaXt. x. 2'J-31. From the I'alling of
a sparrow to the jar which nmkes a globe tiem-
ble tho Saviour's providence controls everything.

It rules everything wisely. The wheels of provi-
dence, according to Ezckiel, are full of eyes, and
the}' give such abundance of knowledge that there
is no room for mistakes; and, •according to tho
same writer, the God-man, enthroned, sat on a
erystid tirmament, watching every movement of
the groat wdioels of ])rovidonce, aiul rendering mis-
takes impossible. The Stamp T'ax and the Tea
Duty created the American Kevolution, extended
and secured tho liberties of this land, and have
made our country a miracle of |)rogress, without a
parallel in hunum history. Our indepemienee gave
the lleform Bill and vastly extended liberty to Eng-
land and to all her colonies. It gave freedom to all
the republics on this side of tho Atlantic; and it
has given the same blessing to France and Italy,
and, in some measure, to Spain, Prussia, and Aus-
tria. 'J'he providence of God makes no mistakes.

It draws blcssinys from all sources. The foul
waters that How from the sowers of a large city
reach the river and the ocean, and the sun draws
thom up in vapors into tho clouds, but in their
journey they lose everything poisonous and oU'on-
sive, .and they descend in sweet rains to lill the
fountains and the rivers. So the events of provi-
dence are all turned into favors for tho children of
God, "All lliinys work together for gooil to them
that love God, to. them that are the called acciu'd-
ing to his )iurposo." " No weapon that is formed
against them shall prosper." While the hands
that were pierced with tho nails of Calvary hold
tho reins of earthly movements, started by mate-
rial, Satanic, or huMum agencies, the child of God
is sale; his wants shall bo supplied, and his Mas-
ter will continually, as well as linally, give him
till! victory.

Providence, First Baptist Church of, was

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945

PIWVIDKNCE

foiiiiJed in ltJJ',1. 'I'liis imoiont diuioli has ii m'iind
liistor)', iind deseive.s a ooMspicuoiis place in the
" Baptist i'jneyclopaidia." In Marrli, IGM'J, E/,eUii_4
llolliiiiaii l)apli/.eil Honor Wiiliams. ,Mi-. Williams,
iiuMieiliately alter, immersed him and ten others.
The church was constituted at this tinjc. .Mr.
Williams, whose ministei-ial characten was recoj^-
iii/.i'd liy his hrcthrcH in i'i'i'i'i\ ing haptisni from
liim instead oC iMr. Ilolliman, after he siihmitted
to the rite, became the minister of the infant com-
munity. Some time afterwards he witlulrew from
them, and was sncccciled hy Cliad Brown, a man
of steadfastness, wisdom, and iireat inllnenec, tlie
founder in America of the distinguished Brown
family of I'roviilenec, one (d'wlioni, Nichohis, gave
liis nami' to oui' oldest university, ^\'illianl Wicl<-
endeu followed Chad Brown as pastor of the First
church uf I'rovidiMice. (iregory Dexter, after Wm.
AVickcnden, held the same position., 'i'homas 01-
ney took charge of the church after Mr. Dexter.
'J'he l\ev. I'aidon Tilliughast ministered to the olil
church after 'S\y. OIney. This generous man gave
his ministerial services for nothing, and at liis own
expense built a house of worsliip and presented it
as a gift to the church. Ehenczer Joncks waa the
successor of Pardon Tillinghast, his ministry con-
tinuing some seven years. T'he little' church, like
a good many other small eiiurches, had its contro-
versies. The (piestion which disturbed it was
one to which is attaclied very little importance in
these days. It wa.s whether the '"laying on of
hands" was necessary to constitute a person a valid
member of a church formed, as was believed, after
the divine apostolic model. James Brown, the
grandson of fluid, succeeded Ebenezer Jencks, and
.Samuel Winsor followed him. In 172G a bettor
and more conunodious Jiouso of worship was
erected, through the zeal and enterprise of some
of the members of the church, and under the min-
istry of .Samuel AVinsor, Jr., the discordant ele-
ments appeared to be blending more harmoniously
together.

'• For one hundred and tiiirty year.s," says the
historical sketch prepared by Dr. Caldwell and
Prof. William Oammell, " the church has been
going on, receiving neither from within nor with-
out aTiy strong impulse. Its ministers were na-
tives, bred on the spot, generally advanced in
years, at work for their daily bread, and with no
special training. The church had been content
with their unpaid services, and with such growth
as came. It had a small meeting-house. It had
liut I 1<S mi'mhcrs in a population of 4000, with
4U0 families. The time had come for advance and
enlargement."

The establishment of Rhode Island College, as
it was then called, in Providence, and the comiiig
to the town of so gifted a scholar and so elo(|Ucnt a

preacher as Rev. James Manning, the tirst presi-
dent of the college, were the harbingers of better
days to the chui'ch. The weight of Mr. Manning's
iulluence was thrown in the scale against those
who insisted on "the imposition of hands'' being
a prerequisite to full chur<di membership. Mr.
Winsor and those who sympathized with liim
withdrew IVom the churth, determined to have no
fellowship with thcjse who either denied or ques-
tioned the permanent obligation of those wlio were
to enter a C'hristian church '' passing under hands,"
as it was termed. Dr. Manning bad the rare gift
of enlisting the sympathy and co-operation of others
in aiding hiju to carry out the jdans u|ion the ac-
complishment of which he set his heart, lie ele-
vated the tone of public sentiment in the nnitter of
sustaining religious worship. A house " for the
public worship of Almighty God, and also for
holding commencement in," was erected. Modeled
after that of " St. .'\Iarliu-in-the-Fields" in London,
it is a gem of architectural beauty, which eviMi to
this day wins the admiration of all persons of good
taste, anil will ever remain as an illustration of the
large benevolence and the generous self-saerilice of
those who wore chiefly instrumental in rearing a
structure of such noble dimensions and enjinent
fitness for the [lurposes for which it was built. It
cost not far from X7I00, a sum which represents, we
venture to say, more than twice that amount in
these days.

President Manning died July 29, 1701, in the
fifty-fourth year of his age. In spite of the heavy
weight of care which rested on him as the presid-
ing officer of an institution which was struggling
for life, no ministry of the church in all its previous
history had been so .successful as his. Although
he never regarded himself, in the proper sense of
the word, as the pastor of the church, he performed
for it a service of great value, and left an impress
upon it which is felt to this day.

The pastorate of the next minister. Rev. John
.Stanford, and that of his successor, the eloquent
Maxcy, were of comparatively brief duration. Upon
the election of Maxcy to the presidency of the col-
lege, a nephew of President IManning, the Rev.
Ste]jlien Gano, M.D.,, was called to succeed him.
Jlis ministry continued for thirty-five years, and
was blessed as that uf few servants of Christ has
been. Remarkable revivals attended his preaching,
'i'he first one of them, that of 1S20, brought an
addition of 147 persons to the church by baptism.
Dr. Gano died Aug. IS, 1S'2S. Th(> (diundi more
than quadrupled during the pastorate of Dr. Gano.

Rev. Robert I'lverett PallLson was called to fill the
important place nnide vacant by the death of his
jircdeccssor, and entered up(ni the duties of his
oirice March 21, 1,S3I. For a little more than five
years he preached and |icrfurmed the work of a

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PROVIDENCE

946

PROVIDENCE

pastor with ilistiiiii;tiisliud success, in biiililiii;^ up
his pco|)le iu Chi-istiari kuowicdi^o ami tlie dovclo|i-
luciit (if the grac(!s of the ( Mirisliuii cliavactcr. Sui-h
a miiii.stry as that of l)i'. I'attisou's was most IVuit-
ful foi' j^ooil, ami its results arc felt down to the

Providence, was the Kcv. .lames Nathaniel Gran,i;er,
who connucnccd his laliurs Nov. lo, 1842, and i-e-
luiiined pastcn- of the (diurch until his death, which
occurred Jan. 5, IS-'jT. Ilavinir heeu appointed in
connection with Jii'. Soloinon I'cck iia one of a

present hour. Called to the presidency of Water-. | deputation to visit the IJaptist missionary stations

villc College, now Colby Univcrs.ity, he resigned | iu the Kast, he was absent from his pco|)le a little

his olliec Aug. J I, 1X3G. Kcv. William Hague was I more than a year and a half The larger part of

elected pastor of the church ,)une I, 1.S37, and sus- this time the pastoral care of the church devolved

iliisT ]1\IT1ST (■ilLiicu, rno\ iui:n( i:, i:. I.

tained that relation to it a little more than three
years. Over one hundreil persons were received
into the fellowship of the church liy baptism and
by letter during his ministry. Upon tlie resigna-
tion of Dr. Hague, l>r. I'liltisoii for a short lime
performeil again thi; iluties of pastor, when his
election as one of the secretaries of the liaptist
Board of l''oreigu .Missions once more disxilved his
connection with the people of his charge. 11 - -uc-
cessor, whose memory is still so greatly rexered in

on tlie Itcv. .John Calvin Stockbridge, until his call
to succix'd the venerable \)\\ Sharp as pastor of tlie
Charles Street church, in Boston, brought the en-
gagement to a close. During the remainder of Dr.
(lranger"s abscMicc ihc llcv. Francis Smith sup|ilied
tlic^ pulpit. After llic return of Dr. (Jrangcr from
the East, the Rev. AVilliam Carey Richards was his .
assistant for a brief period, until the I'ormation of
the Brown Street churcli, of wliieli he was chosen
the pastor, dissolved the connection. The Rev.

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PROVIDENCE

947

PRY on

Fnincis Waylaiul, D.IJ., on the Jciitli of Dr.
Gi-;iiij;ur, actuil us piislor of tlie cliui-cli for soiiio-
wliiit iii'irc IIkui a yuar wiUi rare lidrlity, ami llie
most coiiscieiitioiis a|i|ilioation to the ilischarj^e of
the duties of what he ever regarded as the iiiost
Boleiiiii and responsible position to whieii a mortal
can be called, that of a minister of the'Lord Jesus
Ohrist. Tlie llev. Samuel Lunt Caldwell, who for
twelve years had Ijeen the pastor of the First
Baptist church in Uaui^or, iMo., was invited to be-
come the pastor of the church. He C(juuncnced his
ministry in Providence June 13, 1S58, and ended it
Sept. 7, 1878. His pastorate covered a period of
more than Kfteen years, and was closed tliat he
nii^ht accept the professorship of Church History
in the Newton Theological Institution. 'J'he suc-
cessor of Or. Caldwell was [he present pastor, the
llev. Edward tjllenn Taylor, b.U., who commenced
his labors April 18, 1870.

The aliovo sketch presents but a meagre outline
of the history of what in some respects uniy l)e re-
garded as one of the most prominent baptist
churches in the country. As one proof of the in-
lluence for good which inis gone forth from it, it is
stated that since 1775 si.xty ministers of the gospel
have been connected with it, besides its paslors,
in addition to lifty persons who have received li-
ceifse of the church to preach, all of whom have
entered the ministry. Nearly all of these persons
have been connected with the college as ulllcers or
students.

For more than one liundreJ years the First
chnreh of Frovidcuce has enjoyed an unusual
amount of peace. In 177-1 there was a. signal illus-
tration of this union. 'I'he church wished to erect
the noble editico to which allusion has already been
made, a house 80 feet square, with a spire 196 feet
liigh, a nKignilicont structure for the 4321 persons
who then dwelt in Providence, lii such a great
enterprise every one commonly lias advice to give,
and opinions to be respected ; John IJrown, how-
ever, the brother of the celebrated Nicholas, was
appointed " a committee of one" to build one of the
most s|iacious and beautiful tiMuples for the wor-
ship of (Jod in America. Unity of purpose and
feeling luive characterized this community in an
o.^traordinary measure fur many years.

I'atriotism has had its warmest friends in the
First church. John Brown, the "committee of
one," was a fair representative of the jjeoplo for
whom lie built a house of worship. He owned
twenty vessels at tlie commencement of the llevo-
lutiotniry war, every one of which was likely to
be captured or destroyed by the British licet, if he
ojiposiMl the measures (d' the mother-country, and he
uttered his Declaration of Imleiiendence four years
before the document of Jolferson was issui.'d. lie
destroyed the British armed schooner " Gaspre'' m

June, 1772, which was sent from Boston to enforce
obno.\ious revenue laws in Narragansett Buy ;
Lieut. Duddiiigslon was wounded in the encounter
which I'csulted in the blowing up of his vessel ; and
ills blood was really the lirst shed in the war of
independence.

This chureli never ln-gan to prosper tliorinighly
until it gave a stated income to its pastors. Nicholas
Brown, whose gifts to Brown University amounted
to nearly i?l()l),UOO, belonged to the congregation
of this church; and his munificent donations to
advance higher education have raised up for it
liberal friends in all denominations. Many of the
first men in Pihode Island have descended from the
[lastors and members of the First church.

In the words of the historical sketch to which
reference has bi'cn made, ''For three-tpmrters of
a century this chnreh stood alone, or the same as
alone, the only church of its own persuasion, or
perhaps of any persuasion, within the large terri-
tory then included in tin; town of Providence. It
has held its place and held on its way wdiile a popu-
lous city has grown around it, and churches of
many names have multiplied on every side. It has
twelve sisters of the same polity and faith, all of
them organized since the lieginniiig td' the pres-
ent century ; the thirteen having 3377 members.
Kighty-eiglit churches, of at least thirteen different
denominations, the major part of which have arisen
since that time, now occupy the ground wdiere once
and for two generations it stood alone. It was
either the lirst in this country, or it stood side by
side with Newport in the van of a numerous suc-
cession of siinihir eliurchi!s, amounting in 1S80 to
20,060, with 2,2'.)0,327 members."

Pruett, Rev. William Hanison, is one of the
)ii(ineer Baptist preachers in Kasteni Oregon and
Wasliington Territory, where since Ids ordination,
in 1871, he has traveled extensively, preached the
gospel in new settlements, organized many new
churches and baptized nniny converts ; labiu'cd as
[i.astor or missionary at Wesiou, Mount Pleasant,
Pilot Rock, Walla Walla, Dayton, i'ciidleton, Butte
Creek, MeadowviUe, jMountain Valley, Ileppner,
and other jdaces; built several church edilices;
and has been one of the most influential and suc-
cessful laborers in all that new and needy field. He
is still in tlie vigor of manhood. He has a good edu-
cation, liaving studied at Jell'ersoa "Academy and
McMinnville College, Oregon. At the age of three
years lie removed from Kay Co., Mo., where he was
born, to Oregon, in 1S47. In 1N61 he professed
Christianity, and was baptized ; but in 1^62, Ijc-
licving he had been deceived, lie was again bap-
tized, on the confession of what he was sure was
the work of the Holy Spirit in his sahaticui.

Pryor, John, D.D., was liom in Halifax, Nova
Scotia, and pursued his studies at King's College,

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PUBLIC A TION

948

PUniJCA TION

Christ Cluii'uli College, Oxford, and at the Newton
Theologieal Institution. He was ordained in Provi-
dence, H. I., in ISIil). For some time he was prin-
cipal of the llorton Acailcniy, AVolfviile, Nova
Scotia, and subsequently professor and president
of Acadia College, He was associate ))astor at
Ilorton, then pastor of the old Cambridge cliurch,
the church in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and tiie
churches in lvanilol|ih and Lexington, Mass., in
■which hitter place lie now resides.

Publication Society, The American Baptist.

— (hi the 'I'llli of Fchruary, [S'2i, a company of
twenty-live Baptists met at the house of iMr. Ueorge
AVood, in Washington City, D. C, to consider the
propriety of the formation of a liaptistGeneral Tract
Society. The call which lirought tliem together
■was the result of a letter sent by the Rev. Noah
Davis, of MaryUmd, to his classmate, the Rev.
James 1). Knowlcs, then living in AVashington
City. jMr. Ihivis had been dee|dy ini|jressed with
the desirableness of such a tract society, and of
its impiiitance for the promotion of tlie welfare of
the Baptists in this country-, and for tin; (jroseou-
tion of their sjurcial Christian work. Hence his
letter to .Mr. Knowles, the call for the meeting at
!Mr. Wood's, and the organization of the society.
It began its work at oniu;, tliough in a niodest way.
The receipts of the society for the first yi;ar of its
existence amounted to $373.^0, and it issued l)'JG,(JOU
pages of tracts.

In the year 1826 the society was transferred to
Philadelphia, because tliat city offered greater ail-
vantages for publishing and distributing its tracts
' throughout the country. Its growth from this date
was slow but steady. It at length began to issue
bound volumes ; then to care especially for Sunday-
schools, and to prepare liooks and other publica-
tions to meet tlieir needs. In 1840 it was led to
employ colporteurs for the circulation of its publi-
cations, and for the performance of necessary pio-
neer Christian work. At length. In 1845, the name
of the society was changed, and it became The
American Baptist Publication Society, whosoobject,
ucccnding to its constitution, is " To pronn)te evan-
gelical religion by means of the Bible, the printing-
press, colportage, and the Sunday-school."

The total number of publications on the catalogue
of the society on ,Vpril I, 1881, was 1320. This
was after a thorough examination of the list and
the dropping of a number that were once issued.
These publications include books, tracts, and peri-
odicals. A few figures will exhibit the increase
of its issues from its origin, and show the magni-
tude of this part of its work. The issues are all
reduced to ]8mo pages.

In 1824, toliil i»iue«

From 1S'.;U1S11J, uvurii^e utiiiiiul ibsinia..

ISUl 18,".7, " •• " ..

" 11)57-1800, " " " ..

GOn.Ofiri

7,8411,1,'-.

2'i,n(l,i,i .

6l,85t),U0o

From 1800-1870, nverage uuiiuiil i^iiOB..

" 1 8711-1 8SU, " " " ..

lS'.;i-lssu, '■ •' " ..

*' 18JI-18SU, totul issues

198,382,395

;i81,82'J,429

;U,S4,0,U1U

5,:lll,.12il,01U

In regard tu the character of the publications
of the society, Ceorge W. Anderson, D.I)., in his
little work, " The Baptists in the United States,''
says, " If the excellence of a denominational liter-
ature is to be determined by the strong common
sense which pervades it, its reverence for the sacred
Scriptures, and habitual and thorough deference
to its teachings, by its complete and scholar-like
examination of the Word of God, and by its calm,
candid, and courteous tone, then the works issued
from the press of this society will bear comparison
with those of any denomination in the world."

The progress of the society will further appear
from a glance at the receipts into its treasury at
difl'erent periods of its history. 'J'hese receipts in-
cUnlo both those in its business department and
the funds specially contributed for its missionary
work. The former is self-sustaining; hence all
the funds contributed to the latter are used exclu-
sively for that object.

Ill 18-24, totJil rt'Cuiiita..

" I8;«i, •'

" ISII), "

" l.S5(l, " "

" 181.(1. " "

" 187U, ■'

" ISBU, '•

S37:i.80
3,1101.119

i2,n;.i.77

4ii,.".7L1.71
84,7K.'1.'J1

:i.ij,i4y.r)9

1)49,564. 10

The increasing work of the socictj' demanded
from time to time larger accommodations. At
length, in 1876, the presmit building at 1420 Chest-
nut Street was completed, at a cost of §258,000,
the whole of whioh was provide<l for by the liber-
ality of its friends and the proceeds of the sale of
its former building. The last S10(),0()0 of the cost
was given by AVm. Bucknell, Esq., and members
uf his family, and by the various members of the
family of the late J. P. Orozcr, Esq. It is thought
that the accommodations furnished in this edifice
will be sufticient for many long years to come.

During the fifty-six years of its existence, the
society has fulfilled the expectation of its founders,
and has proved an efficient means of promoting the
unity of the Baptists of the United States in feel-
ing, in doctrinal views, in Scriptural jjractices, and
in the promotion of missionary work at home and
abroad. Its publications have gone thmnghout the
land into every State and Territory, as also have
its colporteurs and Sunday-school missionaries.
Its power for good has been steadily developed,
and everything indicates that under the blessing
of (Jod it will continue to enlarge its work as the
demands of the wide field in which it is called to
labor become more numerous and pressing.

MISSrONAUY WOKK
or THE AMERICAN H.Vl'TIST PUlil.lCATKiN SOCIETY.

This department of the society has been devel-
oped to meet the wants which from time to time

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I'UB LIGATION

94'J

rUliJJFOV

claimed recognition. At first tlio j^ratiiiloua ilis-
trilmtion of tracts, and, subsetjuently, ol' hooks, was
undertaken ; then tlie missionary colporteur aj^ency
was originated. At length the ileiiiands for sys-
tennitie oHbrts to increase the nnmlier of Sunday-
schools, and to promote their ellieieiiey, led to the
em|iloyment of Sunday-school missionaries. 'I'lie
work, as now carried on, consists in three things:

I. In i)rcaehing tlie gospel J'roin huiine la hou.te
by a band ol' missionary colporteurs, who unite
with persointl 'eflbrts to convert the inmates, the
circulation of the Holy Scriptures, and the dissem-
ination ol' a gospel literature.

•J. In sustaining Sanddij-srhool missionaries to
form new schools, to strengthen and improve old
ones, and to organize the I'orces of the dill'erent
States for ellicient Sunda^'-school work.

3. In nuiking grants of small libraries to poor
ministers and Sunday-schools, and of tracts to pas-
tors and to missioiuiries of other societies and Con-
ventions.

Colporteur missionaries were fii'st em])loyed liy
the society in IS 10, about one year before any
other society in this country entered on a similar
work. During the forty years that have since
elapsed it has employed nearly 1500 such laborers,
in the various fields in this country, as well as in
Canada, Sweden, Norway, and Italy. In ISSO
there were .''4 employed in as many States and
Territories of our country.

The work in Sweden was coinnieneod in 1855,
when tin; Rev. Andreas Wiberg was sent to that
country lo originate and direct a system of mis-
sionary eolportage. His eflijrts were very success-
ful, and when, in ISGli, the work was transferred
to the American Baptist Alissionary Union, there i
were in Sweden 170 Baptist churches and an ag- '
gregate of GGOl) members, and I he work had ex-
tended into Norway and other adjacent ciunitries.
This was all the dev(dopment of the work under-
takiMi Ijy the society in 1855, when there were
only forty Baptists in the kingdoju. At the jiresent
time there are nearly 300 Baptist churches, with
about 20,000 members, though they arc sending
hundreds of their young and enterprising memliers
to this country every year.

The Sunday-school missionary work was first in-
augurated in lS(i7. In 188t) there were und.'r an- '

; ... . I

p(]intment '1\ such missionaries, laboring in as ,

many of our States and Territuries, all of tlnun,

with one exception, in the South or the West.

T'he society's donations of tracts and books have
been steadily increasing in number from the earl-
iest years of its history, and this work ujight with
great benefit be still vastly enlai-ged were the
necessary means at its disposal.

The e.Ktcnt and results of the work may b.' par-
tially understood on an examination of the follow ing

table, whicli shows the statistics from the beginning
until 1880:

Days of scTvicn 262,342

MiliB tniv.ilcil 2,9'J8,41l'2

liuciUs Mjld 171,',)s7

Riiolcs ftivcn uWiiy 92,l:ll>

I'agL-s or tracls ilisnibuti'a 6,',i:i7,H.'i

StniiiMiis ariiJ a'Mn'S^cs delivered C2)i,4l7

i'rayi'i--iiR-rtiii^6 liuld .'iii.eso

t-atiiilii-a visited Ctl4,'>se

reiMona lM|ilized i:i,440

Chwiiiliea coiiatitiited 4'J!>

Suiiilay-scliiMils t)i f^aiii/.ed , :l,'.tri.>

Coiivcutiuiia and instil ijtcH held of uddroflbed 4,Ih1

Siiiiday-seliools aideii liy doiiatiuiia 7,'Jol

I'astoisaiid ministerial titinlents liirnislied with grants

of l>ouks for their libraries 1,710

It is proper to remark that all the contributions
to ihe society tire used exclusively for its mission-
ary work, utiless specially directed by the donors
to some other end.

PEUIODICALS.

In common with religions j)ublieation societies
in this country iind abroad, the society at an early
period in its history recognized the jieriodical press
as a powtu'ful agency for the promotion of Chris-
tian work. Soon itl'tm- its organization it begau
the monthly issue of Tin; Trad Miujaziiie, which,
during its sbtn-t life, was a means of extending the
circulation of tracts. This wtts followed by Tlit
Miiiithhi I'ttjiir, afterwards the Intptist. lUcord,
which was first [uiblislicd in 1830, and was sus-
pended in 18.55.

Since tliiit date the perioilii.al department has
been gradually becoiiiiiig nmre comprehensive in
its issues, while their circiihition litis hirgely in-
creased, as the following figures will show. They
indicate the total nuinber of cojiies of etich period-
icitl issued, from tin! time of its esttiblishment until
April 1, l.SSl :

Voun;; Ucapor, inontlily and Bemi-nionthly, 1857-1881. f)0,44o.'j:l()

^ational llaliliut, weekly, 18ttj-lssl o,.!U7,4bl

liaptisl tJiiHi telly, I8i;7-187s i!J,;l8:i

llaiilist Te.ieher, ni.inlhly, lt>l.'.l-18S| 4,1811,400

llajdist I.isson Ulinillily, lsljll-1881 47,2li:i,SOO

ll.il.li.-t l'iiniai.\ l.essuii Monlhlv, l»74-lb81 17,7'Jl,i:00

llilile Les-oii Ijiiarteily, 187'J-1SK1 l.aOi.^iHO

Jnterinedi.itu L. ssuli tjiiarteilv, 1H81 -lAb.nM

Our Liltlu One-,, monlhly, 1871-1881 I6,(iS8,0IK)

Our Young People, monthly, 1881 215, LDl)

Total iiuniLjer of copied issued 148,lj7l),:ttll

Purefoy, Geo. W., D.D.— The Kev. John I'un.-

foy, a wise and good man, gave three sons to the
Biiptist ministry of Xorth Ctirolina, — Geo. W.,
James S., and N. A. I'urefoy. George was the
oiliest of tlunii, and was born in I8O0 ; wtts btip-
tized in lh'30, and began to preach at once, in
early life ho jireached much, but for many years
before his death his lietilth did not allow hini to
preatdi often. lie was the iiuIIkh' of the "Ilistoiv
of the Stmdy Creek Associalion," and of several
works on the baptismal coiitidversy. lie died in
1880. The State University at Chapel Hill gtive
him the title of J).l). in 1870.

Purefoy, Rev. James S., the third son of Rev.
John I'urefoy, was buin in 1813, b:i|itized in 1830,

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J'UJiKFUy

950

run YEAR

bci;iin to ]irisw:li in IS^'o, and was oriliiincil in 1840,
Di-. Saiiiiiol Wait iuul Rev. 1'. W. Duwd aonstitiitiiif;
thy i'resljytiji-y. IMust of tlio pastoral labor of Mr.
I'lirefoy has been perlurnieJ in Wake and (Iran-
ville Connties. No nnui, liviuL' oi' ib'ad, lias dune
sii nuieli Cor WaUo Forest Collej;;e as this nnpro-
tendinu; brother. When plowini; in tjie lield, lie-
lore he was twenty-one, ho j;avu §25 to this insti-
tution, and lliroui^h all its idieekered history ho
has bee'n its nnlahering friend. l'\n- many years
he was its treasurer, without salary. II(! seeured
for it, since the war, a uontribntion of S10,{IUl) from
the Baptists of the North, and to him, irinre than
to any other, is duo tin; eredit of rescuing the col-
legia from loss when it was heavily involved in
1.S4S— H), ami by his energy and liberality the
handsome Wingate iMennn-ial Hall was erected in,
1879-8(1. Karly in life Mr. I'nrefuy married Mary,
the daughter of Deticon Foster Fort, and a kindred
spirit, ready fur every good work, she jn'oved to be.
i\Iaiiy poor young men, and especially many young
ministers struggling to obtain an education, have
found in this num and his wife friends ready and
willing to help them, and it gives the writer of this
sketcli peculiar pleasure to leave on record the fact
that by money voliintai'ily loaned by Jlr. I'urefoy
lie was enabled to complete his course in cidlege.
l\[r. I'urefoy is still a vigorous man, and seems to
reckon it the liighest glory of his life to labor and
sacrifice for Wake Forest College,

Purefoy, Rev, N. A., was born in Wake Co,,
N. C, in IM I ; attendc'd Wake Forest ('nllege, but
took his degree of A.li. fnnn (.'olumhian Colleiie,
Washington, I). C. He served the F;iyetteville
church anil the chur(di in Warrenton each for
several years, but most of his pastoral life has
been spent in preaching to country churches.
Quiet and unobtrusive, this good man has long
been regarded by his brethren as a fine illustra^
tion of almost every Christian virtue.

Purinton, Jesse M,, D.D,, was born in Cole-
raine, Mass., Aug. 12, l.Stl'J ; hapti/.ed in 'i'ruxton
when eleven years of age ; educated at Hamilton,
N, Y., and ordained in IHo-l ; was jiastor in Cole-
vaine, and in Arcade, N. Y,, in Forestville and
Mount Moriali, Pa,, and in Morgantuwn, W. Va,
He was fur several years a missionary in North-
west Virginia. He aided in many revivals, and
was instrumental in leading large numbers to
Jesus, In ISGtJ the degree of Doctor of Divinity
was conferred upon him. He died at Morgantown,
June 17, 1st)'.), Dr. I'urinton was an able minister
and a devoted follower of the Saviour.

Putnam, Daniel, professm-in the Normal School
nt Ypsilanti, Mich., was born in Lyndeborougli,
N.H., Jan.S, 1S24, Having fitted for college at New
Hampton, lie entered Dartmouth College, and grad-
uated in the class of 1851. During' the ne-xt two

years ho taught in the New Hampton Academy, as
he had done a |iart of his Senior year. He remained
with it a short time after its removal to Fairfax,
Vt,, but came to Michigan in bsr)4, as professor in
Kalaiiia/.oo College. He residi'il in Kalama/.oo till
IMJ.S, but did not hold his professorship the wlmUi
interval. I'or seven years he was supc:rintemleiit
of puldio schools, for cighleen moiuhs coniily su-
perintendent, and for one year serveil as president
of the college ad interim. In 1SG8 he lieeanie pro-
fessor in the State Normal Sidiool at Ypsilanti, and
still holds that position. He is a prcaiclier, but was
never cu'dained. He has been chaplain (d' the State
Insane Asylum at Kalaunuuu the last eighteen
years, and has often preached in other pulpits. He
has rendered abundant sm-vice to the Baptist Stale
Conventicm on its different boards, and isat present
a valnahle memlier of the lioard id' Stare Mi.-.sions.
Mrs. I'utnam is a daughter ui the late Kev. K. 1!.
Smith, D.D., of Fairfax, Vt.

Puryear, Bennet, LL.D,, Pmfessor of Chem-
istry in liiehmund (_'ol|r;;e, liiehmond, Va., was horn
in Me'eklenhurgCo., Va., July 2:i, 182il. 11<: gradu-
ated at Randolph JMacnn C(dlege, in June, 1.S47,
with the highest honors of his class. A fti'r leaving
college ho taught school one year in iMonroe Co.,
Ala. ; then returned to his native State, and during
the session of IS4'J-5I) attended lectures at the
University of ^'irginia. In July, ISoO, he was
appointed tutor in Uichmond College, and in the
year following was elected Professor of Natural
Science in that institution. In 18o9 he resi;;ned
his professorship in Uichmond Colli'j;e to accept
the chair of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy in
Randol|ih Macon College, wdieie he remained until
18GC, at which time he was recalled to hi.^ former
position in Uichmond. In 181)8, when the college
was reorganized and the oflice of president abol-
ished, he was elected chairman of the faoulty,
which position he has continued to hold until the
present time, being annually chosen thereto by
liis colleagues. In 187.''( the school (d' natural
science was divided into physics and chemistry,
and the school of chemistry was assigned tii him.
At college. Prof. Puryear was distingui.--hcd for his
attainments in the classics as well as in natural
science, and when circumstances have required him
to take charge of a class in Greek, or Latin, or
mathematics, he has done so with distinguished
success. His acquaintance with the suljects of his
own school is hroad and thorough. As a lecturer,
his style is (dear and pointed, and (d'ten enlivened
by sallies of genial humor. 'I'ho matter id' his
lectures is so adiairahly arranged that tlu'y are
felt to be 11 growth, and not a mere aggregation of
facts. In the experiments of the lalmratory he is
unusually successful. Prof, Puryear has not given
much attention to popular lectures or nduresses,

i. i,.'-i".:

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f t.?;»v

rUUYKAR

951

PUR YEAR

but wlicnover lio liiis s|iiiken in |uilili(: lie Ima lioon
iiOiinl Willi plousui'O. Bosides occii.sioiiul i:oiitriljii-
tions tu vui'iuiiM |)i;riodioals, lie ]jiihlisheil, in INGO-

BENNET I'UfiVKAR, 1. 1,. I).

67, in the Fanner, a series of articles on " The The-
ory of ^'eJi^■t.■ll)le Qrijwth" ; in lS7o, in Tlie I'hinter
and Faniii'r, jiapers on "The I'ubliu School in its
Kelatiiiii to the Nejj;ro," since (ivinted in ))aiii|iliU't
form; in the same year, in the Rdiijidus lleratd, a
series of articles on the " Public School'-' ; and in
1878, also in the Rdiijlous I/craUl, papers on the
'■ Virginia State Debt," and also on "The Atmos-
phere." With the exception of the first series,
these papers were all jmblislied under the signature

of "Civis." These articles evinced ability and
fullness of inforniatiiin, but those rciatiiig to the
|nil)lic school are specially iKiticeable. No news-
pa)icr ailicles on i|ucstiiiiis of public Stale policy
ever awakened in A'iri;inia a niore general interest,
or produced a prufoniider impression. (Questions
\Yhicli seemed to he settloil, and whose discussion
W!is iiiithought of, were brought again into the lield
of conlroversy ; and the public schoid system, cs-
talilislied by constitutional enactment, fostered by
the spirit ol the times, and appealing to the inter-
ests of the masses of the people, was shaken to its
foundation. 1'lie articles were everywhere talked
of, and called forth aide re|ilies. It was the opinion
ol' many that no papers so fundiimental in scope,
so vigorous in statciiieiit, so brilliant in rhetoric,
and so instinct with passion had appeared in Vir-
ginia i'nv a long time. Allhough these articles dis-
cussed questions which were largely local, they
exerted much more than a local interest. In a few
weeks the hithcilo but slightlv known professor
Ijccame one of the most wididy known men of the
whole South ; ami in acknowlcdgiricnt of the Icaiii-
iiig and ability shown in tin' "(Jivis" articles,
(jein-getown Cidlege, Ky., and Howard College,
Ala., .conferred on liini (lie honorary degree of
Lli.D. (June, 1878). Dr. I'liryear is president of
the Tiickahoe ( 'bib, an association of lariiiers in
tlio vicinity of liiclimoiid College, and his eminent
success in cultivating a small farm is a practical
illustration of the value of science in agriculture.
I Notwithstanding Dr. Piiryear's op|iosition to |inb-
lic schools, he is an earnest advocate of education,
and has contributed much to the prosperity of
Richmond College. He is among the most hon-
ored and influential citizens of Uichmond, a man
of sound judgment, genial disposition, and iiillex-
ilile integrity. lie is nn active member of the
Grace Street Baptist church in Kichmond.

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;ii;

QUARLKS

95-2

QUINCY

Q.

ftuarles, Rev. Frank (colored), is a Baptist
miiii.ster of ;rrcat wortli, now alioiit sixty years
old. Ifo was born in (laroliiu; (^o., Va., and came
to Goori.'ia in 18.50. ll(i was a laitlil'iil slave mitil
tlic closi.' of tlic war, liut liis cliararlci- and al>ilities
may be estimated when it is statcil that bo was
licensed and ordained t)y tiie First Baptist clmrcli
in Atlanta in lSii3, previous to cnianci|iation, the
I'resbytery beiiii;; coiiijiosed of I'ev. II. <'. llorriady
and Rev. AVilli;iiii T. Ijrantly, l».l». Sinre ISCi:;
be Inis lived in Atlanta, ami has served the Fricnd-
sbip Baptist cburcli as pastor since ISCitJ. Kor
t\velv(; years in succession be lias been nujilerator
of tlie lObene/.er (colored) Assoi.-iatibn, and since
tlie organization of tbe (colored) ^Missionary Bap-
tist Convention at Aufrnsta, (la., in IStJiS, be lias
been its president. He exerts a wiile and liealtb-
liil inllnenee in the State, and uses it freely lor re-
ligious and educational purposi.'s. lie married in
V'irginia, and lived with bis wife tbirty-eiixht years,
raising two cbildren, — a son and a daiigbter. lie
is a man of aliility and piety, and as a man and
]ireaclier is bigbly esti.'emed by all who know biiii.

ftuincy, Hon. Josiah, was born in Lenox, .Ma^s.j
March 7, IT'.li. His father, Samnel (ininry, was a
lawyer in lioxbnry, Mass., where he ac(piiri'il a
large property in the practice of his professimi.
lie indorsed heavily tbe ]iaper of si'Veral meieaii-
tile lirms in Boston, and tbe conunercial disasters
of 1777-78 swep-t away nearly every vestige of his
estate. lie then ri-lircd to a little cottage among
the IJorksbire hills, where be soon died of a broken
heart. His son Saniuel^tlie brother of Josiah, wiili
a dollar and a half in bis pocket, but rich in spirit,
left on foot for Boston to seek his fortune. He be-
came ill due time a nourishing shipmaster and
owner of vessels, ami filled many ollicrs of trust
and responsibility in that city. .lojiali, from a
lameness caused by sickness in infancy, Was un-
able to perforin much manual labor. Ho accord-
ingly turned his atti.'iition to study as a necessity
for his future su])port. binder many discouraging
circumstances be prepared himself at tbe Lenox
Academy to enter as a. Sophomore in college. (!ir-
cunistances |)revented bim from carrying out his
]ilan to take a full collegiate course, and on leaving
bis academic studies be entered upon the study of
law with Samuel .Jones, Lsci., of Stockbridge, Mass.
He taught school during the da v, and bis law stodn -.
were necessarily carried lui at night. It was l,y

those fierce battles with indigence that the latent
powers of his nature were largely developed, that
his invincible determination for iiltimati! success
was strengthened, and that, by heroic eflbrt, be
laid broad and deep the foundations of his I'uturo
eminence.

On being admitted to tbe bar, Mr. (Juincy prac-
tised bis jirofession a few months at .Stockbridge,
and removed from that place to Shcllield, where bo
remained a short timi\ and then went to llumney,
N. 11., ever afterwards his home. Soon after
settling in Ilumney he was married to May

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\

'l^fe^'

V,'

HON. .loSI.MI (jUI.M'V.

Oraco, daughter ol' .rahe/. Weed, of I'lymonlli.
Ilumney is a small town ainong the hills of New
] Hampshire, but the young lawyer, by industry aiel
persi'verance, soon gained a high rank in bis pro-
fession, his practice extending for a long distance
in all directions. Not many years elapsed before
he was known as one of the most eminent lawyers
of ihe State, anil when he retired Iroiii practice ill
1S()4, his professional bii.sinrss was said to have
been as largo as that of any legal gentleman in
.\'ew 1 laiiipshii'e. l''oi- years be was president of
the Uraltoii County liar. Hi; had iinder bis tuition

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QUmCY

953

QUINCY

many law stiulciits, iiiiil iimoiij; them the oiiiinciit
Jiitljiii (Jlilibrd, (il'thi! Uiiitod States Siiiireine (Jourt.
Ml', (iuiiicy was a proiainent politician, and lilled
many pnhlic elhces. He was several years a mem-
l)er el' the New llampshii-e house of represeiita-
tivesj and was twice elected to llie Slate senate, the
lattei- year lilliiiff the ollioe of president of that
liudy. lie was also a member of the lirst l)()ard of
trustees of tho State Asylum fur the Insane. In
linajicial matters he was favorably known, ami for
years was one of the directors (jf tin; I'cmij^cwassctt
liank, in I'ly mouth. N. II. lie was one uf the
most active of that jiersovering band of men who
originated and carrieil Ibrward the building of the
lioston, t!oneord and IMontreal Jvaiiroad, and for
fourteen years was the president of its board of
directors. 'I'lie herculean labors he performed in
the progress of this enterprise, and the intense
anxieties he endured in its behalf, had much to do
with the completion of the work upon which he
and the gentlemen associateil with him had cm-
barked, and with its linal, successful accomplish-
ment.

i\Ir. Quincy was very active in educational mat-
ters. Itcmemliering his own early struggles, the
needy student always fonnd in him a friend and
counselor, and nnmy will always remember with
gratitude his generous gifts in their extremity.
He was much interested in the schools of the
county and the town in which he lived. He was a
trustee of the Newton Theological Semituiry, and
for years was president of the trustees of the
New Hampton Ac;idcmy. He took the deepest in-
ti-'rcst in the latter, as (ox many years it was the
leading Baptist institution in the State, and had
connected with it a theological department. At
one time, by his own fur\ds, he removed from it a
debt amounting to several thousand dollars.

In his religious belief Mr. t,!nincy was thoroughly
a Baptist, although he had, like all liaptists, a

wide catholicity of feeling for true believers of anV
name. He was converted under the faithful min-
istry of Rev. Noah Nichols, |iastor of tho liaptist
church in liumnev, and l>y him was liapti/.ed in
ISol. He renuiined a promiinint member (jf this
church until his death, always ready to aid it with
his wise counsel, and contributing largely to its
support. As it hail been his early religious hunu;,
during his long and eventful life he cherished for
it a strong and increasing aHection. He loved to
attend the gathering of the Associations and tho
State Conventions, and fonnd these meetings a re-
freshing rest from the laborious cares of his pro-
fession. He was a life member of the Missionary
Union, and other Baptist organizations formed for
the advancement of the Heihieiner's kingdom. In
his domestic life he was a kind and inilulgent
jiarent, and nnide home attractive by an exhibition
of its sweeter charities. He died in Rnmney, his
residence for sixty j'ears, Jan. I'J, 1S75, being
abnost eighty-two years of age. He passed away
as be had lived, in the full hope (d' a blessed im-
moi'tality. Two sons and three daughters survive
him.

One of tho most prominent traits in the character
of Mr. t^uincy was his invincible and unbending
inti^grity. No tem|itation could swerve him a
hair's breadth I'rinn a stern and incorruptible
honesty. In his pnd'ession he was keen and sharp,
but with no smirch of trickery. He was an eminent
lawycu', a faithful public oilicer, an upright business
man, and a generous and valuable citizen. In pri-
vate life be was a most courteous gentleman, highly
belovc^d by a very extensive circle of acipiaintances.
In his religious faith be was tJrm and unwavering,
trusting lor salvation alone in the Lord Jesus
Christ, and at tho close of his long and active life
could well say, " I have finished my course ; hence-
forth there is laid up for me a crown of righteous-
ness."

61

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AM/Jt'iV

954

liABUX

R.

Rabun, Gov. William, ono of ilie nuhlcst ;iiid
purest of men, -wiis biirn in Halifax Cii., N. C,
April 8, J771. AV'licii lie was about fourteen liis
f'atlier, IMattliew Kalam, removed to Georgia, ami,
after residing a sliorc time in Wilkes County, set-
tled in llaiicoek County. In the year I7N8 young
William |irofi's'-iNl faith in Christ, and unitc.il with
the ehureli at I'owidtofi, having lieeii publicly bap-
tized by Silas Mercer.

Crcjwing u[i to man's estate lie took a high posi-
tion, both as a churuli member and a citi/.eii. With-
out solicitation on his part, he was, for many years,
Bent to the Legislature from Hancock (.'ounty, then
one of the most influential ccumties in the State.
Being president of the State senate, in March, 1817,
lie became cx-nj/irio governor of the State, on ac-
count of the resignation of Gov. Mitchell, and in
the following November he was elected governor
of Georgia. He died Oct. 24, 1819, while occupy-
ing that exalted position.

He was 11 man ol' singular piety. Though highly
lionored by liis fellow-citi/.ens, he was not made
vain by it; and,fhough heavily ImrdeiK^d with the
ali'airs of state, he never forgot the claims id' his
Master's cause. Up to the time of his death he
was a regular attendant upon the sessions of the
Georgia Association, taking an active part in the
deliberations and workings of the lioily. Rven
while governor of the State, in the years 1817, 1818,
1819, his familiar name still ajipears in the minutes
of the Association, and it was a pleasing and com-
mon sight to witness the governor of the State ful-
filling the duties of chorister and clerk in the Pow-
elton church. He was a man of prayer, and his
house was the house of prayer. To all the benev-
olent institutions of the day he gave his influence
and his purse. Wise in counsel, linn in purpose,
upright in dealing, be was possesseil of a piety
transparent, unall'ecti'd, deep, and ardent ; all the
elements of true greatness were in him beautifully
blended.

Upon the death of Gov. Rabun, Rev. Jes.se Mer-
cer, by re(|uest of the Legislature, preiiehed before
them a memorial sermon, in which occurs the fol-
lowing tribute to his piety and worth ; " Y<iur late
excellent governor was the pleasant and lovely
companion of my youth ; my constant friend and
endi^ared Christian brother in advancing years ;
and until ileatli my unremitting fellov lal.urer
and able supporter in all the effort.s of bcnesoleiice

and philanthropy in which I hail the honor and
happiness to be engaged, calculated either to amend
or ameliorate the condition of men."

During the Seminole war, in 1818, Gov. Rabun
called out the militia, and placed them under the
command of Gen, Gainis, They were ordered,
iindrr ciiiiimand of .Maj. Wright, of the U. S, army,
to discover the course ol' the Indians who bad been
CDiiimitting depredations. Capt. Obeil Wright, of
the Chatham mililiii. bad positive orders from (iov.
Itabun to destroy Hoponce and I'liilemi towns, for
committing atrocities on the frontier. By mistake
Chcliaw town was taken, partly burned, and some
Indians killed. An angry correspondence ensued
between Gov. Rabun and Gen. Jackson in regard
to the matter, a part of which is given. Gen. Jaek-
•son wrote, May 7, 1818, " Such base cowardice and
murderous conduct as this transaction shows have
no parallel in history, and shall meet with their
merited punishment. You, sir, as governor of a
State within my military division, have no right
to given military order wdiile I am in the field;
and this being an open and \ iulent infringement
of the treaty with the Creek Indians, dipt. W^right
must be prosecuted for this outrageous murder,
and I have ordered him to be arrested and confined
in irons until the |ileasure of the President of the
United States is known upon the suliject." In his
reply, after referring to the conimunicalion of Gen.
Glasscock, upon which Gen. .lackson based his
answer. Gov. Rabun says, " Had you, sir, or Gen.
Glas.scock, lieen in piossession of the facts tliat pro-
dueed this all'air, it is to be presumed, at least, that
you would not have indulged in a strain so inde-
corous and unbecoming. I had, on the 2lst of
March last, stated the situation of our Ideeding
frontier to you, and reiiucsted you, in respectful
terms, to detail a iiart id' your overwdielming force
for our protection, or that you would furnish sup-
plies, and 1 would order out more troojis, to wdiich
you have never yet didgned to rejilj'. You state,
in 11 very haughty tone, that I, a governor of a
State under your military division, have no right
to give a military order whilst you are in the field.
Wretched and conteniptible, indeed, must be. our
situation if this be the fact. When the liberties of
the people of Georgia shall have been prostrated at
the feet of a militai-y despotism, ilien, and not till
then, will your imperious doi^trine be tamely sub-
mitted to. You may rest asuureil that if the sav-

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RAMliAUT

955

RANDALL

ujji'S oiiMtiiuie tiiuir dopredatiuiis on our unpro-
teetod frontier, I sli:iH think and act loi- niy.self' in
that respect.'

Rambaut, Thomas, D.D., LL.L., ia ol' Freneli
desoont. lie was liorn in the, eity oC Dublin, Ire-
land, and was regularly edueated in llie liberal
aits, ba\in;; .stndieil in tiie cuiebi'ated -btduMil ul'
iiev. Henry l^yon, of Portington, and at Trinity
College. Ho eaniu to Savannah, tia., on attainiiiji;
his majority, witii tlie intention of studying law,
ami was eonverted under the preaching of Iiev.
Uieliard Fuller, L).l)., of 15altiniore, and baptized
by Rev. W. T. Brantly< D.D., tiien in Augusta,
<ja. On the Wednesday following lie preaehed his
first diseourse. He has .sueeessively lllled the )io-
sitiuJis of pastor ol' the lilaekswaiuii ehureh, S. C,
Savannaii liaptist ehureh, Ga., president of Oliero-
kee Baptist College, Professor of History and Konnm
Literature in Georgia Military Institute, president
of ^Villiani Jewell College, Mo., and pastor of Tab-
ernacle Baptist ehureh, Brooklyn. Jle was called
to be the successor of Rev. Henry C. Fish, D.D.,
as pastor of the First church, Newark, N. J., in
March, and entered upon tliis cliarge on the 1st of
April, 1,S78. lie received the degree of LL.I>. from
Madi.son University in 18G0, and of D.I), from AVil-
liam Jewell Colle^^e in 187^3.

Rand, Theodore Harding, A.M., D.C.L., was

Ijorn in Curnwallis, lS'o\a iSeutia, ami is a graduate

TllEOUOUE nAlillING HAND, .A.M., II. C.L.

of Acadia College; was converted and baptized in
AVoifville in 1855, while attending college; taught
in the Provincial Normal School, Truro, from ISllI

to 1S04 ; then he was chief superintendent of edu-
cation in Nova Scotia until 1870, and rendered
important services in that department; traveled
in Kurope and observed methods and results of
teachii\g in the best schools tliero ; was appointcii,
in 1>7I, chief superintendent of education in New
Brunswick, and has there performed similar ser-
vices to those rendered in Nova Scotia. Admirably
adapted for educational work. Dr. Rand p(!rforms
his responsible duties with enthusiasm and elli-
eiency.

Rand, Rev. Thomas, was born in Manchester,
N. II., i\Iay 21, I77fi, his father being a Presljyte-
rian minister. He was hoiiefully converted when
he was twenty-two years of age, and baptized in
Alstead. He began to preach at once, but wish-
ing to secure a better preparation for his work,
he entered the school of Rev. \Villiam Williams, of
Wrentham, and subse(|Uently graduated at Brown
I'niversity in 1803. He was ordained pastor of
the church in Ilolyoke (tlien Ireland Parish, West
Springfield, Mass.), Oct. G, 1803. At the time of
his ordination his church was the only Baptist
church in a circle the diameter of which would be
thirty miles, including Hampshire and Hampden
Counties. Here he performed liis work for twenty-
five years, during si.x months in the year liaving
the (dmrge of a scliool, in which not a few persons
whose after-lives were very useful received their
educatiim. In October, 1828, he became the pas-
tor of the church in New Salem, N. II., where he
renniined six yeai's, then went to Hinsdale, con-
tinuing here two years. For five years he was
a city missiomiry in New York City. His closing
years were passed in Ilolyoke, among his former
|jarishioners, where he died, Jlay 31, 1857.

Rand, Rev. Thomas, the son of a minister of
the same name, was born in West Springfield,
Mass., July 10, 1813; licensed to preach in 1830;
gradimted at Hamilton Theological .Semiiuiry in
1838; ordained at Bayou Chicot, La., in 1841 ; died
at Lake Charles, La., July 1, 1809. lie devoted
his life to teaeliing and preaching, and ilid much
to build up the Baptist cause in the Opelousas re-
gion. Hi; was a ripe scholar and line preacher.

Randall, David Austin, D.D., was born in

Colchester, Conn., Jan. 14, 1813. At the age of
fourteen nmde a public profession of religion ; was
licensed to preach June 30, 1838 ; ordained in
Richtield, 0., Dec. 18, 1839, where he was [.astor
of the Baptist church for five year.s, and where ho
edited a Washingtonian paper, tind gave much time
to the temperance cause. In 1845 removed to Co-
lumbus, 0., and became one of the editors of the
.lomiiul and Mcsucni/er. F^r several years, after
severing his connection with this ptiper, he en-
gaged in the hook business. In 1858 was called to
the pastorate of the First Baptist church, Colum-

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RANDALL

95C)

KANDOLPH

bus, 0., :lii(1 cuiitiTiuod in tliat pusitiou oi^lit ycar.s.
During tliis [liistoriite lio niado an uxtensivu juur-
ncy tlii'iMiu;li Oriental countrii^s, tlie results ol'
wiiioli lit! ciulidiliiHl in a royal octavo vnlinrni ol'
7-U iiaj^es, entitled " Tlie llandwritini; of liod in
l'j;i;ypt, Siinii, and the Holy Land." 'I'liis book lias
bail an extensive sale, and is said "by conipotent
critics to be one of the best wurk.s on the East.
Subsequently be made a minute and extensive tour
tlirouiib continental Europe, and Enj;land, Soot-
land, and Ireland.

Dr. Kandall was for si.\ years corresponjing
secretary of the Oliit) Baptist State Convention,
and subsequentl)' its treasurer. In 1870 Denison
University conferred upon bini tbe honorary degree
of D.D. He still resides at Columbus, 0., where
he devotes his attention to literary pursuits, though
he gives much time to lecturing, preaeiiing, and the
various edueatimial and missionary enterprises of
the (biy.

Randall, Rev. Nelson Birney, was born in

S|)riiigville, N. Y., June 14, ISob. After grad-
uating frmii Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in
LSfiii, and from llochester Tlieologieal Seminary
ii\ ISO'J, he was ordained at Ypsilanti, JMich., tlus
I'oliowing October. Four years of his previous lili^
hail been spent in the |iractiee of law in tilovers-
ville, N. Y. He has sustained with eminent suc-
cess the relation of pastor in Ypsilanti, Mich., Vine-
land, N. J., Providence, U. I. (Jdlcrsun Street), and
Norristown, I'a., wliere lie now ministers, deeply
intrenched in the allcetioMS of the church and con-
gregation. No small servi(!e has been done in the
wiping out of debts, aggregating $l(j,(JO(J, and
in important improvements inaugurated under his
ministry.

Randall, Judge Samuel, was born in Sharon,
Muss., Feb. 10, ITTfe. A pupil of Kev. William
AV'illiams, of Wrenthiim, Mass., he litted for Brown
University', and graduat(;d in the class of 1804.
Hon. Virgil Maxcy ami (Juv. Marcus Morton were
members of the same class. Mr. Randall read law
with Judge Howell, but belijre con:pleting his
studies he removed to AV'arren, to take charge ol'
an academy in that village, (.^'uite a number of
his pu|iils were subse((uently students in college,
and were an Inuior to their faithful instructor.
For many years he acted as a judge in dill'erent
courts in Rhode Island. F(ir forty-four j'cars he
wa.s a memljor of the Baptist church in AVarren,
and took a deep interest in its material and spir-
itual prosperity. He died at the advanced age of
eighty-six, March f), I8tJ4. Judge Randall was the
father of Rev. George M. Randall, D.D., the Epis-
copal bishop of (!olora<lo. I'rof. (janimell says of
him, "He died as ho lived, universally restj'jeted
as an n)M'ight magistrate, a useful citizeM, ,ii..l a
consistent Christian."

Randall, Rev. William H., was licensed to
preach iu his native town, — North Stuningtou,
Conn.; graduateil at Hamilton 'i'hecjhigical Sem-
inary, N. v., in IS.'')!); settled in Frensburg, Phil-
lilisville, and Williainsville, N. Y. ; in the late war
raised a. company, and entered the service as a ca|i-
tain, performing also the duties of a chaplain ; fcjr
gallant conduct at Chancclhjrsville he was raised
to the rank of major; wounded at Gettysburg, and
obliged to leave the Held; in 1805 resumed his pas-
torate at Willianisville ; while seeking restoration
to health, died at Lake Maitland, Fla., iMay 7,
1874, in the lifty-sixth year of his age; a pure,
noble s|jirit.

Randall, Rev. 'William Henry, son of 'William

I*, and Marie L, Randall, v\'as born in Grotou,
Conn., Aug. 2d, 1840; converted in Feln-iiary,
1855, and baptized Blarch 125 of same year by
Kev. Harvey Silliman, uniting with the Second
liaptist church in Groton ; graduated with special
honor from Brown University in IStil ; spent an-
other year at the university in post-graduate
studies; taught schools in Mystic ami Sullield,
('linn., and Providence, R. I., from 1.SG5 to 1872,
with the exception of one yeai- — 1870-71 — spent in
travel in Euro|ie and the Fast, visiting specially
the Holy Land ; studied at Newton Theological
Institution in 1873-74 ; ordained pastor of Wind-
sor Avenue Baptist church, Hartford, Conn., Dec.
15, 1874; settled with Central Baptist church,
Thompson, Conn., in June, 1877, wheic he is now
(1880) laboring; married, July 1, 1874, Mary F.
(iallup, daughter of Deacon John Gallup, of Groton,
Conn.

Randolph, Judge Joseph F., was born in
Plainlield, N. J., about 18(IIJ. He was the son of
Rev. Robert Randol])h. He was baptized at Free-
hold by Rev. J. M. Challiss. He opened a law-
ulhce iu Fri^bold, and afterwards resided and
practised in New Brunswick, Trenton, and Jersey
City, where he died at an advanced age. He was
first elected to Congress in 1838, and served two
terms. He also was hoiuired with an appointment
to the judgeship of the Supreme Court in New
Jersey.

Randolph, Warren, B.D., son of Lewis S. and
Hannah (Gilnnin) Randolph, was born at Piscata-
way, N. J., March 3U, 182IJ. He was a graduate
of Bruwn University in the class of 1851. Among
his classnnites were Prof. J. L. Diman, D.D., and
Rev. J. 15. Simmons, D.D. .Soon after his gradu-
ation he was ordained as pastor of the High Street
Baptist church, Pawtuoket, R, 1., wliere he re-
nuiined but a short time, and then accepted a c;ill
to become pastor of the Eighth (now Jell'erson)
Street church. Providence. He removed to Phila-
delphia in 1857, and became pastor of the Fiist
Baptist church in Germantown, which oMice lie

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RANDOLPH

or)7

RANGOON

held until liS03, when liu wiis called to the Har-
vard Street Uaptist cliuich, Boston. Four years
later, in ISliT, he returned to i'liiladeliihia, and
was |ia^tor uC the Fifth Itaptist einirc.'h until 1S70,
when his health I'ailini; he resijiued, and sjient not
<'ar from a year in foreii^n travel, extendlrij^ his tri]!

1-5

WAIUUCN KANDOI.l'U, \t.\>.

as far as to l\i.'Ylit and Palestine. On his return,
in ISTI, he heraiue ■Sunday-sidiu(jl seeretUry iif the
Anieriean liaptist I'uhlieation Society. In the dis-
charge of his idlieial duties he traveled very exten-
sively over the United States, and [iroved himself
ji most useful agent in promoting the interests of
the society which he .served.

In 1S72 a eoniniitteo was appointed, hy a Sun-
+lay-Schoiil Convention representing the evangeli-
cal denominations of the United States and Canada,
to select lessons for a seven years' course of study.
Dr. Raiahjlph represented tlie IJaptists in thiscmu-
niittee. Its labors were so successful that before
the seven years had expired it was calculated that
about eight milliiuis of persons were reaping the
advantages of the lc^^solls. A second internatinna!
lesson eouimitteo was api)oiuted to serve for the
ensuing seven years ; of this eouiniitieo Dr. Uiin-
dtilph was a member. He resigned his secretary-
.ship in 1ST7, to the sincere regret of the Publica-
tioii Society, to accept the pastorate of the First
Baptist church of Indianapolis, where ho remaini.'d
a little more than two years. On his return to the
Fast he bccanjc pastor of the Central J{;ip(i.-.i
•church of Newport, K. I.

Dr. Kandulph has been in almost constant ser-

vice since his ordination, in 1851, and he is ad-
Uiirably qnnlitied for the work of the gospel min-
istry.
Rangoon Karen College.— In the fifty-sixth

annual ri'port presented to the Mis.sionary Union
in 1870, among other suggestions Dr. Uinney made
the Ibllowing: '■ Whether wo ought luit to make
sonu! provision lor general education for Karens,
by which this institution" (the Karen 'I'hecdogical
Seminary) " might be relieved of that department."'
The suggestion of Dr. liinney met with a prompt
response, and in the annual report of the executive
committee for 1S71, wo are told that "the eH'ort
begun the past year, for the founding of a Karen
College at Kangoon, is the logical result of the gen-
eral educational impulse, which has been felt at the
missionary stations." 'I'he college was opimed on
the l^Sthof May, 1872, llev. Dr. Binney, president,
with three native teachers and seventeen )iu|iils.
Kev. J(jhn I'aL'ker, who had been professor in the
State University of .Missouri, sailed in (Jctober, 1872,
to he connected with ]>r. Binney, both in the theo-
logical institution and the college. The .second
year of the college opened April 1, 187o, two weeks
after the arrival of Prof. Packer, and, with the ex-
ception of two weeks' vacation in October, was in
continuous session until Jan. 28, 1874. The whole
mnnber of students in atliMiilance (luring the session
was 3'.), of whom 3G wimc boys. 01' course, the
work done was of a very elementary character, but
it Was work well done, and designed to be the foun-
dation work projiaratory to something higher in
the future, llev. C. 11. Carpenter was appointeil
pri^sidcnt in bS73, and left the United States in
January, 1874, to take charge of the college. He
remained in ollice but u short time, when Prof.
Packer was chosen in his place. Several circum-
stances conspired for a year or two to hinder the
]irogress of the college. The report at the end of
the session of 187b-77 was more favorable, the
number of jiupils having been Id',), and the last
year the number had risen to 127. Through the
generosity of one individual an ample site and
buildings fin- the college, including a dormitory,
have been secured. A good beginning has been
maile in the life of tht; Itangoon College, and the
prospect of its future usefulness is very bright.

Rangoon Mission Press.— The first printing-
press of which the Baptist missionaries made use
was a gift from the Fnglish Baptist .Mission at
.Serampore, in 181(5. It was .sent to Hangocjn and
|jhiced under the charge of Ri'V. 0. H. Hough, who
had learned and pra(;tised the trade of prniting in
the United States. At once Mr. Hough put to
press Dr. Judson's " Luminary of Christian hui:-
trinos," a catechism, and u translation of the gos-
pel of Matthew. After the war between England
am! Burmah, Maulmain becann; the chief seac of

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UANGOON

958

RAUSCHRNRUSCH

printinn; OfieriiHons. In 18()1 tlie IMissioii Pi'intinjf-
Press, witli all tliiit jiertained to it, wus aj;ain es-
tablislii'd at Ivaiijiooii, iiiuler tlio cliarge of llev.
C. IJi'iini.'tt, ami the mission |iriiiting was oiinsfantly
ami vimiroiisly prosecutud in tlic line of Sci-i|Unr<'s,
books, and tracts. All tlie niovaljle portinn of Mr.
lianney's pi'lntinf;; cstaljlislniicnt al Uan;;ooii was
puroliasod liy the Missionaiy Union in ISlJli, and
proved a valualilc addition to the facilities needed
for the puliliealion of arclijfions literature. From
Oct. 1, ISl'il, to Sept. 30, 1,802, there lui<l been pub-
lished 2,113,000 patres of matter, religions and
secular, and during the next year the amount was
more than doubled. When iMr. IJennett, who had
spent some time in this country, n^turued to Ran-
goon in 1805, he was the bearer of important addi-
tions to the wiirUing nuitorial of the printing-ollieo
and bindery, which had cost over $0000. Unrinu;
the two years, 1803-05,8,751,000 pages bad been
printed. The bouks and tracts were upon a great
variety of subjects, and varied in size lioiu a !(imo
to an Svo, — a revival byiun-book representing the
first, arul a Burnieso and Knglisb dictionary the
second. The report of the Mxecutive Oommittee
f(jr 1807 estimates the value of the investments
made to carry on printing at Kangoon at ^18,731). 50.
From Oct. 1, 1S07, to Sept. 30, 1808, the number
of pages printed was 10,i']78,000. Besides the print-
ing done to nu'ct the wants of the missions, a hirgc
anu^unt of job work, also, was done, thus enabling
the Union to reduce the expenses of runiuug the
establishment. .Mr. JJennett, who again made a
visit to this country, retiirned to the scene of his
labors in the fail of 1872. During bis absence the
work went on under the superintendence of Jlev.
I. I). Colbnni. In the annual report of the Execu-
tive Committee for 1877 the announcement was
made that Mr. Bennett bad resigned bis connection
with the jn-ess the fall previous. It was stated that
"be had been more or less intimately connected
with the press for forty-seven years, and duriiig
the greater ]iai't of this time had taken charge of
it. He develop(Ml excellent business (pialities, and
managed its all'airs with great prud(!nee and skill
till it has become one of the most important factors
of our mission work in Burmab." Upon the resig-
nation of .Mr. Bennett, itev. ^V. II. Sloan was ap-
pointed superintendent, lie remained in charge
lor sou\o time, and on returning to this country on
acc(nint of the health of bis family, Mr. Bennett
consented, temporarilv, to occupy the position he
bad held for so many years. 'I"he report fn' tiie
yi'ar ending Oct. 1, 1877, presents the names of a
long list (d' books and pamphlets printed in the
following languages and dialects: Knglish, Bur-
mc:se, S'gan Karen, I'wo Karen, and Birliai K':ii-en.
The number of pages in these books and pufiphlcts
was 4003, and the total (jf pages priiuid was

5,843,974. Among the more important of these
publications we notice, in Burmese, Judson's Eng-
lish-Burmese Dictionary, completed, royal octavo,
the Four (jlospels. the Acts, and several of the Epis-
tles, each in royal fpiarto, together with the Penta-
tencli in quarto. In S'gan Karen, the Englisli-
Karen Dictionary, in medium (piarto, several books
of the New Testament, and the minutes of six
Associations.

Rathbone, Maj.-Gen. John F., was born in

Albarjy, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1821 ; was educated in the
academy at Albany and the Collegiate Institute
of Brockport, N. Y. His father died when he was
fifteen j'ears old, when be left school and accepted
a clerkship in Kochcster. At seventeen years of
age be united with the Baptist church of Brock-
port. At eighteen be returned to Albany. In
1845 he built his foundry in Albany, which, with
the additions since made, is one of the largest in the
world.

In 1801, Mr. Rathbone was appointed brigadier-
general of the Ninth Brigade of the National Guards
of New York, and on the breaking out of the civil
war he was appointed cnniinandaiit of the Albany
Dejiot for Volunteers. On b(^ing relieved from this
command Gen. Rathbone was highly complimented,
not only by the adjutant-general, but by the com-
manilcr-in-chief, for his great sn<-,ces3 in raising
recruits and perforining all the duties of his ollicc.
He sent to the front thirty-live regiments li-om his
depot. In bSl)7, Gen. Rathbone resigned his |)Osi-
tion as commandant of the Ninth Brigade. When
John A. Dix was elected to the governorship of
New Yoi-k he appointed Gen. Rathbone adjutant-
general of the State, with the rank of major-gen-
eral. He served under Gov. Dix's administration
with credit to himself and great advantage to
the State. He has been asked to accept polit^ical
nominations, which he invariably declined, ambi-
tious oidy to serve bis fellow-men as a private
citizen. He is one of the founders of the Albany
Orphan As3dnm, of wdiich he has been a trustee
for thirty years, iiud fir many years the president.
For thirty years he has been superintendent of the
Eiumaniiel Baptist Sunday-school, and be has been
a, working member of the cliurcb for forty years.
He founded the Rathbone blln-ary of the University
of Rochester, of which he is a tru>tee, to whuso
funds be has contributed about $40,000.

Gen. Rathbone is (jiie of the noble Baptists who
have ciuifcrred honor np(j'n our denominiition in
the .Slate of New 'i'ork.

Rauschenbiisch, Autjustiis, D.D,, was btun at

Altc^na, |jnivince of Wcstplialia, tienuany, Feb. 13,
Is 10. He, was the sou of A. E. lianschenbusch,
Eutheran pastor iji that city, a learned :nid highly
I'steerned (dergyinan, Imm whom also he reci'ived
his earlicbt instructions. In his liltci'nlh year ho

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1 i

RA USCHENB USCH

959

HA WD ON

entered the gynuiiisium (colle<!;e) iit F.llierfeUi, aiul,
Imving i;r;i(liiiited, lie went, in liis nineteentli year,
to tlio University of lierlin for tlie purpose of study-
ing for tlie ministry. Tlirouf;li tiie instructions of
liis teaelier, tlie venerable l>r. Neander, and tlirou^ii
tiie iniiuence of pious friends, lie was awakened to
a sense of liis guilt before (jlod, and, after a severe

AUGirSTUS HArSCllKN'lirsClt, D.D.

inward struggle, at tlie age of twenty, he beeaine a
decided and joyful believer. Having spent some
time at home, lie went to the Univin'sity of Bonn,
where lie devoted his time both to natural seienee
and theology. At the death of his father, in 1841,
the sun was chosen by tlie congregation as his suc-
cessor. As that congregation numbered about '6000
souls, an imjiortant Held was thus opened to the
youthful minister. His earnest pleading aroused
great opposition on the jiartof the worldly-minded,
but, at the same time, it proved the means of I
awakening many hundreds of persons at Alteiia
and at various places in tlie vicinity.

After four years of successful labor, Mr. Rauseli-
enbusch felt himself more and more hampered by
his ecclesiastical relations, and, after much prayer,
he r(^solved to go to a land where he could preach
the gospel untrammeled and uniiiolested. Having
heard of the great religious destitution among llie
(Jcu'iiians in Amciiea, he (niiigratcd to this country
in 1J<4(), and iiiimediately wrnt to Missouri to |ireacli
to the iiumernus (jermans setth'd there. In I.SIT
lie was invited by the American Tract Sori. ly lo
come to New York to condiii;t the publication jf
their Oerman tracts. Here he liccaiiie accpiainted

with Dr. Somers, a Baptist jiastor, and a nieniber
of the publishing committee of the Tract Society.
Tlirough him he was led to consider the question
of baptism. After ti long and prayerful investiga-
tion of it, ho was bapti/.ed in May, 1850. He con-
tinued his connection with the Tract Society until
August, 18."):i, superintending their seventy (Jcrnnin
colportiairs, editing their (iernian monthly, the
liulsihaj'li:r, and preparing books and tracts. At
the same time his inllnenee was strongly and ef-
fectively e.terted in furthering tiie Jitiptist cause
among the Germans. In 1851, withdrawing for a
time I'ruui the Tract Society, he labored as a preacher
in Oanaila, and organized the first Oerman Baptist
churches there. Having visited his native land, be
returned to this country in 1854 with a number of
emigrants, and settled with them in Missouri. In
1855 he organized a G*;niiiui Baptist church in
(jiiseonade Co., Mo., and preached to it until 1858,
when, in obedience to a call from the New York
Baptist Union for Ministerial Education, he took
charge of the German department of the Theologi-
cal Seminary at Kochester, N. Y. Since that time
he has fulfilled, with much ability and success, the
duties of his professorship. He is doing a great
work. His iutluence on the young men going
forth from Rochester as evangelists and pastors
of the German Baptist churches is strongly felt,
and his valuable services are gratefully acknowl-
edged by all the churches.

Rawdon Colleg'e, Voikshire, England, the the-
ological .seminary originally calh'd " the Northern
Baptist Kducation Society," was founded in 1804.
Until 1859 the college was located at Horton, near
Bradford, and was known as Horton College. Its
first ju'esidinit was the Ilev. AVilliam Steadman,
U.D., whose eminent services established the rep-
utation of the seminary and won the confidence of
the churches. Dr. Stcudinau was succeeded by Dr.
Aeworth, during the latti:r part of whose presi-
dency the present handsomi^ and coiiiinodious
building was erected and paid for. The Rev. S.
it. (Jreen, D.D., was elected president on the re-
tirement of Dr. Aeworth. In bSTb, Dr. Green
accepted the position of litertiry editor of the Re-
ligious Tract Society, and was succeeded by the
Rev. T. G. Rooke, 15. A., the present head of the
seminary. About 3.50 ministers and missionaries
have been trained in this institution, many of whom
have distinguished themselves by faithful and suc-
cessful scu'viee in Knghiiid, the United States, the
iiritish colonics, and in heathen lands. Rawdon
• 'oliegc is alliliated to the University of liOiMloii,
and during rci'iMit years several students have
graduated with distinction. Two 8cliolarslii|is, the
" Aeworth" iiiid tin! " .Steadman and Godwin,"
have b(!en founded ricently. (See illustration on
next page.)

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M.i..ii!'»i' :'.

JiAY

9()0

nA V

n.WlliON COl.l.EUK, VoltKSIIIRE, KNOl.A.Nl).

Ray, Rev. Ambrose, a ilistiiii^iiisin'il co-laljoici-

witli i\I;irtiii Ball, W . II. ] loli'.oiiii;, and others in
Nortli .Mis.sissiiipi, wa.s born in JSoutli (Carolina in
IT'JS. Il(.' )jejj;an to preiicli about ]S3',i, ami, after
a succ(-ssful ministry ol' seventeen yi'ar.s, he ro-
inoved to Missi.^sippi in l.S.'JO, wliore be Umk a bi»li
i-anli anion;; his co-iM.ijorer.s, iind wa.s oltcn called to
jjiisitions of lioncjr and trust anioni; his brethren.
]Ie died in IS7I">, and liis remains rest at Union
church, Ti|i|i:ili Co., ^Miss.

Ray, D. B., D.D., Nvas l)orn in Hickman, Ky.,
March 30, LSiiO. Il(! was converted, and Ijaptized
by Elder White, into the Little Alliion Baptist
church, Oct. 10, 1844. lie was ordained in 1855.
lie labored in Kentucky and Tennessee till 1870,
and then became associated with President Worrell
in the editor.ship of the Jitiplist Sentinel at Lexing-
ton, Ky. In 187.J he became pastor at La (Iran^re,
Mo., and reiinived to St. Louis in 1880. lie studied
in (Jlinton Seminary, Ky., until ill health conipidled
him in two years to leave schoid. His ordination
took place in IS.'iO. After this he devoted much
time to theological studies, history, and the sciences.
Thousands have lieen converted under his ministry.
Not only as an evan'^elist is he known, but more
tin a <lebaler on ridigious questions. He has held
forty oral discussions. Most of these have jjcen
with C'ampliellito and Slethodist leaders. His dis-
cussions have been frequently followed liy revivals,
as well as by the discomfiture of his op|ii nenis.
'In 18(17 he published his " Te.\t-Bo..k eu Camp-

bellism." .Seven editions have been issued, and
this blightin;; error has lieen exposed. In 1870 he
issued bis '' Baptist Succession." It is a convenient

D. 11. liAV, D.O.

hand-book of Baptist history, to meet objections
against Uantists. Liirht editions id' it have been

=i^

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ItA YMOXn

%1

Ji'A YMOND

issued. " Till! Clmndi Discussion" is ;ini)tli(^r Imok
lie has issueil, i;oiitainin:; a ilcliate witli tlie (Jaiiip-
belliti'.s. He now resides in St. Lonis, and is editor
find pruiii-ietur ol' tlie American liaptisl Fhiij. lie
is a nnin of niarkeil aliility ami (if iireat eoui-age.

Raymond, John Howard, LL.D., was bmn in
the eily of New VorU, March 7, I.S14. ll'is father,
Kliaehim Ivayinund, a nu'rcliant, was distingnished
fur his active interest in every relij^ipiis enterprise,
and was a leader arnonji; the l>a|itists of hi.s day.
In his earliest school-ilays -I. II. Kayniond wa.s the
pn|iil of Ooiiid l{r(j\vn, and the iiiHiienee of this
master niay he traced in his early acquisition of a
taste for iinalytieai thinking and correct expression.
lie was iireparcd for eolle;;C at tlie Hamilton Acad-
emy and at tht; lliuh School of New York. In 182S
he enten-d Colnmhia Colleiic. Vunr ye;irs later he
was sradnated at Union Oollege, ami immediately
began the study of law at Xew Haven. It was
during this ]H'riod of his life that lie was led to ati
abiding faith in [he tiMcbings of the liilile and to
an acceptance of .Jesus as his Stivionr. He united
with the First Baptist church of IJrookiyn, and
shortly after bis coMvictious leil liim to the stndy
of theology, with the intention (d' preparing for
the ministi-y. in 1X34 be entered the 'I'liecdogical
Seminary at Hamilton, N. Y. His talent lor ac-
quiring languages nuide it easy for bini to gain
distinction as a student id' ll(d,ie\v. bis |irogress
Ijeing so marked that he was appointed a tutor of
the language at the seiiiinary before be bail com-
pleted its course of study. In IS.'JO the ehair (d'
Ivbetoric and Knglisb Literature was established in
Madison University, and be was called to the new
])rofessorsliip. He bad rare qualities for the work,
— habits of Ibordugbiu^ss in study, brilliant orator-
ical powers, line rhottu-ica! ta^te, winning social
ways, keen sympathies, ready wit, and the art of
teaching. He soon came to believe that he bad
found his calling, ami that bo saw bis work for life
in the profe.-sion of the teacher. For ten years
Prof. Itaymond continued at Madison University,
winning reputation as an orator and as a teacher.

He accepted the professorshi|i of Uelle-Lettres in
the Urnversity of Rochester at the time of its or-
ganization, in I^5.")0. He renniineJ at Rochester
until LS.")l'i, when be was selected to organize the
Collegiate and I'olytC(dinic Institute in 15rooklvu.
This work brought him prominentlv befm-e the
educational profession, for be bad a dillieult task
as>igned to him, and he accomplisiied it with bril-
liant success.

AVheii Alalthew A^issar sought the advice of
prominent Annu'icau teachers in selecting the nmn
who should 111? intrusted with the work of orgaTi-
izing the lirst great college fur wonmn, he found it
to be the general opinion that the temperanu'iit,
the accomplishmcuts, an,l the experience of I'r.

Raymond made him the man for the position. Ho
was promptly appointed to the jircsidency and pro-
fessorship of .Menial and .Moral I'hilosophy at Vas-
sar College. His work there began in the summer
of 1SG5. To bis task he brought unwearying pa-
tience, close observtition, and the cautiousness of a
man who appreciates the sacrcdness of a great trust.
N(j man ciumeetcd with educational institutions
in this country has shown more talent for organ-
ization than w.-is e.\bibited by President Raymond.
The Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute at its
inception was looked upon as a dubious experiment.
He there demonstrated that by new and improved
organization elements of culture seemingly incon-
gruous could be made coalesceut, and that institu-
tion became the model after which many high
schools and academies have been patterned. This
I'oyal talent was yet more brilliantly displayed by
him in the organization of A'assar College. His
work was accomplished, not by s|iasniodic elfoi'ts,
but by patient industry. A careful process of i-ea-
soning brought him to a conviction, and for that
conviction be could foil unceasingly. Popular ap-
preciation was not a powerful incentive to him.
Respect for bis own well-considered opinions and
faithfulness to tiusts placed in bis keeping were
the constant motives of his earnest life. Such a
life gav(^ bim an ever-growing influence and an
unsought emiiu-nce. Rut success did not dim the
glow of bis spiritual gracH^s. Humility, calmness,
trustfulness, catholicity, and the consecration of
bis industry and bis inlliu'iiee shone brighter and
brighter in bim till the end of bis life.

He gave himself so exclusively to his official
work that his graceful pen had little opportunity
for exercise. Save a few pamphlets and sermons,
all marked with dignity and finish of style, he left
no published woiks. Never physically strong.
Dr. Raymond broke down under his labors, and
though bis physician warned bim that he mir-.t
have rest, be could not release himself from the
work bo loved. After a year of much sulferiug,
in which his quiet patience and geniiility shone
brighter than ever before, with no dehnable disease,
but worn out, he died on the 14tb of Ausiust, I87.S.
His last words fittingly closed bis earnest life as
he f[uielly said to his family, " How easy, bow
easy, to glide from the work here to the work in
heaven!" His di^atb summoned atttintion to bis
dignity and worth, calling forth a general tribute
of I'cspect to bis menuiry. " His fame, like the
fame of Arnold, of Itugby, will live and grow
through generations (d' those to whom and to
wdiose fathers and mothers he was stiong guard-
ian, wise guide, dear friend."

Raymond, Rev. Lewis, was bom Aug. 3, 1807,

at Walton, Delaware Co., N. Y. When he was
about seven years of age the family removed to

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RA YNOR

962

HEAD

Sydney, in the siiiiie ouunty, now called Sydney
Centre. His convoi'sion ooeuri-ed at twenty-tiu'ce,
when he was baptized hy Jlev. S. V. (iriswuld, <]iie
of the veteran niinis'tera of New York. In Jnly,
ISIil, he was licensed by the S3'dney church, and
for a while united preaching with his Imsiness as ^
a builder. His lirst pastorate wa-s at Laurens, in
Otsego County. After two years of successful labor
he removed to Cooperstown, where ho remained
eight and a half years. IJy this time his brethren
had found in him uncommon qnalilications for use-
fulness in revival labor, and in 1S41 called him to
that s|)here of service. Three years wore spent iu
such labor in New York and in Northern Pennsyl-
vania. In June, 1844, he removed to the ^Vest,
being called to the |i.istorate of the liaptist church
in Milwaukee. 'J'he church was very small and
feeble, but grew under his ministry, and erected
its first house of worship. Alter four years in
iMilwaiikee he was called to Chicago as pastor of
the 'raberuaele church, succeeding Hev. 11. IM.
Uice, who had died of cholera. After three years
he again engaged in revival labors. In 1854 he
removed to Sandusky, 0., organizing a church
there, which, howevei', after oii-c year, he gave up
to Kev. J. I). Fulton, and ho entereil the service of
the Ohio State Convention. In 1857 he accepted
a call to a new organization in ^Uirora, 111., the
Union liaptist ehureli; in 185'J he wc.'Ut to another
new church at I'eoria ; at the end oi a year he
entered the army as a chaplain, continuing in that
service to the end of the war. Since that tiiiie ho
has been engaged as an evangelist, and iu labor
with feeble churches. His life has been one of
enorgi.'tic service in a spirit of great enthusiasm
and personal devotion. And the fruit, iu souls
aildrd to the Lord, has been aliundant.

Eaynor, Samuel, was bom (jn Long Lslaud,
Aug. 10, 181U. He was baptised by' l>r. Spencer
11. Cone in it)3o, and became a member of the
Oliver Street church, Now Y^irk, of wdiieh he has
been a deacon over a (piarter uf a century. He is
a well-known business man iu New York. He is
distingnislied for his liberal sujiport of the great
institutions of the liajitist dencjuiiiiation. He is a
nnmager of the American and I'oi'eign Bible So-
eii/ty and of the New York .Sunday Si'hool Union.
He was for years president ol a benevolent institu-
tion in New York known as the " I'.astern Hispi'u-
sary,'' and has ollicial connoclion with several in-
surance companies and the iMetropolitan Savings-
IJaidc of New York.

Read, Daniel, LL.L., was born in Orangeville,
N. Y., .\prd I I, iMi.'). He was educated at Madi-
son University, and si'ttled at (irst as pastor of tin;
liig Flats Ilaptist chundi, in N'l^w York, \\Imit he
was (H'duinrd to the wcjik of the gospel iii..ii.-liy.
He was next pastor of the .Medina Baptist i Inirch,

N. Y., and was then induced to accept the pastorate
of the Seconel Bapti.-t church of St. Louis, .Mo. In
Isrit'i h(! was elect<'d president <d' Shurtlell' Ccdlege,
in Illinois. 'I'his old institution was jjatronized by
the Baptists of St. Louis, which enabled Ur. Head
to render the sjiecial service to it that hi.s infiuence
in that city and his learning prcjuiised. Under his
charge the college was placed on a lirm linaueial
l.iasis. and rose to a position it had Tiot hitherto
attained.

In ISTo, Dr. Head resigned the presidency of the
e(dlege and accepted a call of the First Baptist
chureh of Williamsburg, N. Y. He is a faithful
jiastor and an able ])reaclier. His study of the
Bible iu the langiutges in which it was written
nuikos him one of the most instructive expounders
of its sacred truth.

Read, Rev. George R., of Alameda, Cal., was

burn at Attleborough, Mass., .March 5, 1841 ; bap-
tized at North Attleborough in October, l.S.'iG;
served in tin- army uniler (len. Banks at New
Orleans until LSlJii ; studied at I'ierce Academy,
Mass.; graduated at Brown University in 18(18,
and at Newton 'I'lieologieal Seminary in 1871 ;
settled as ))astor for five years at Lisbon Falls,
whi.'re he was ordained, (_)ct. 2.5, 1871. The chureh
grew under his ministry ; iiuiuy were baptized.
He removed to California in Heeemlier, 1876, and
supplied the Stockton chureh six months, during
the iiastor's absence in the Holy Land. Li July,
1877, he settled at jUauieila, orgatii/.ed a church,
built a house of worship, an<l has been favored
with growing prosperity. He is greatly b(doved,
is a self-denying jiastor, and zealous worker. He
has acted in honorable ollicial positions in Asso-
ciations and Conventions, and is numljered with
the brethren of inllnenee on the Pacific coast.

Read, Rev. Geo. W., w-as born at Frankfort,
Ky., .Jan. Id, 1843. Jlr. Bead sjicnt nearly three
years and a half in the Union service during the
war, receiving a wound from which he still at times
severely suilers. He was baptized Bee. I, 18(50.
lie entered Shnrthdf (Jollege |ireparatoiy lo the
work of the miuistr}', and was ordained at Kin-
niundy. 111., Juno 11, 1871. He was pastor of the
Baptist church in Clayton, 111., five years, and the
Unicju Avenue idinicli, Litchliidd, 111., one year.
He removed to Peru, Neb., Jan. 1, 1878. Thniugh
his labors a commodious (hureh edillce has been
built. He |irea(dies to the Brownville Baptist
clniich in connection with that of Peru.

Read, Rev. Hiram Walter, was bom in
Jewett ('ity, C(Miu., July 17, l^l'.l; baptized .March
11, 1838, at Oswego, N. Y. : educated at Osuego
-Veadeniy and Madi.^on University ; began his min-
istry in 1844, at Whilcwater, Wis. He was p.-istor,
and chaplain to Wisemisin seinite, and laboi'ed in
many revivals. In l84',l he wi-nt to New .Mexico,

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READ

963

REDING

and in 1852 prciiclieJ to U. S. troops and to the
Indians and Mexicans; organized cliiirclies, located
niissidiiarics, ami established schools, explored ad-
jacent 'ri^rritnrics, and laid (buiulations for mission
work. Returning East, he labored for the Home
Mission and the American and Foreign Bible So-
cieties, and settled for a time in Virginia, near
AVashington ; built the Falls Baptist cliurch, and
lielpod others in revivals. l>uring the war he
served the U. S. government at Washington, in
the field, and in hospitals; was taken jirisoner,
and exchanged for Dr. Rroadihis, of Fredericks-
burg, Va. Assisted to establish the Territorial
government of Arizona, and held positions of great
pecuniary trust, un<ii'r diri'ction of the U. S. treas-
urer. Visited California in IStU. In 1805 settled
at Hannibal, AIo., and soon after was engaged in
many revivals as an evangelist. His labors have
been greatly blessed in Eastern cities and many of
the larger towns of the country. He has baptized
nearly UJHO, and h'd thousands more to Christ, who
were baptized by others. While in New Mexico he
was cajitured by Indians, and threatened with death
by fire, but was graciously saveil. He is now pastor
at Virginia City, N(!V.

Read, Rev. Isaiah W,, was born at Frankfort,
Ky., May 25, 1848; baptized Dec. 2, 180(1. He
was ordained at Roanoke, HI., .'June 10, 187.'!, and
became pastor of the Baptist church of that )ilace.
He afterwards had charge of the Raptist churches
in Kingsbury and- Elkhart, lad. He graduated
from the Baptist Theological Seminary in Chicago,
May 8, bST'.l, receiving tin.' degrre of B.D. He had
jircviiiusly acee[]tcd a position niuler the American
Baptist Publication Society as their general niis-
sioiniry in Nebraska and Dakota. I'Mlicicnt and
valuable work has been already done by liim in
this new field.

Read, Rev, James C, was born at Frankfort,
Ky., April 18, 1815. Mr. Head s]ient two years
and eight months in the I'nion service during the
war. He was baptized Dee. 2, 18GG; educated at
Shurtlclf College, Upper .Vlton. 111., and the Bap-
tist Theological Seminary in Chicago. He labored
with the Baptist churches in Fairbury, AVashington,
and Metaninra, 111., and in Wi'stvilh;, Ind. He re-
nuived to .Xcbra^ktiln 187'.l, and lucame pastor of
the Baptist churches at Teeumsch and Stei'ling,
in wdiich field his toils have' bi'cn incessant and
liis labors greatly lilcssed. He is at the present
time engaged in building a chureli edifice in Te-
enmseh.

Read, Rev. John C. H., was born at Frankfort,
Ky., -May 5, bs57 ; baptized in 1800; ordaim^d at
Roanoke, 111., Dee. 'M, 1875, from which he re-
moved to Rdwardsburg, Mirh, In 1879 lie ae
CCpted a call fi-oni the I'.apti^t church in lil.iii,
Neb., where he has met with iniieh success.

Blessed are the parents who have given to the
cause of Christ four eilii'ient and faithful minis-
ters, men wdio are deeply interested in all ipies-
tions iiertaiiiing to the progress of the cliurch and
the denomination, not alone in their immediate
fields, but also in the State and throughout the
world.

Read, Rev. Wm. E., was born in Missouri,
Feb. 4, 1845 ; removed with his parents to Califor-
nia in 1852 ; was converted, and joined the Meth-
odists in 1855. In 1802 he was appointed to take
charge of the Carson Valley Circuit, Nevada Ter-
ritory. During the war he was tliree years in the
U. S. army. At its close he continued in the Meth-
oilist ministry, and was located in California, at
C'ache Creek, Rio Vista, Capey, and Colusa. In
1S73 he joined the Baptist chureli at Newville;
was licensed, and ordained in 1875 ; labored as a
missionary of the Sacramento River Association;
traveled and preached in the nmuutain regions and
mining camps; organized Sunday-schools, ami
preached to feeble churches. He has been lor
three years clerk of the Sacramento River Asso-
ciation, and in 1881) was enrolling clerk of the
California Legislature. (Jonscienfious, finely edu-
cated, easy in pulilic address, and logical in preach-
ing, he is held in high esteem, and is known as an
earnest and successful advocate of the ordinances
and faith of the Baptists.

Reding, Rev. Charles W., was born in Ports-
mouth, N. H., Sept. 21, 1811, and was a graduate
of Brown University in the class of 18;j7, and of
the Newton Theological Institution in the class of
1840. He was ordained as |iastur of the church in
West Townscnd, Jlass., May 12, 1841, where he re-
mained for three years, and then removed to Yar-
nniutli. Me., where he was pastor also lor another
three years. From Yarmouth he went to the Sei\uid
church in Beverly, Mass., where he continued until
1850, and then removed to Manchester, where he
was pastor five years; then two years at Beverly,
with his formerchnrch ; then at AVe))ster, from 1863
to 1800 ; and then at .Milford, lor two years. Since
1874 Mr. Reding has resided at Beverljr, and has
supplied the cliurch which he formerly served since
1874.

Reding, Rev. Joseph, a distinguished pioneer
preacher in the South and West, was born in
Fauipiier (Jo., Va., about 1750. He was converted
under the ministry of the ehupunil A\'illiani Mar-
shall, and baptized in 1771. He commenced
))reaching imnnjiliately, ami with such success that
a large number of pi;ii|ile were converted. In 1772
he removed to South ('arolina. The next year he
returned to his ohl home,- where he was ordained
at Hap]iy Crock church. Soon after this he locati'd
in Hampshire County, where he founded several
churches, there being no other iircachcr in the

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REED

964

FEES

county. In 1779 he starteil witli his faiiiily to Ken-
tucky. His boat was wrocked, and he did not
reaeli tlie |ii'cjsi'nt site of Lcmisville until the lid-
hjwini; .Villi). In ii shoi't time after lie landed une
ol' his children died. The Indians were so trouble-
soniR that ho could preach hut little, and in tlie fall
he returneil to Virj;;iriia. In I7S4 Ik; ai^ain removed
to South Carolina, where he traveled and preached
extensively, oecasionally supplying the jiulpit in
Oharleston, before Dr. Furnian took charge of it.
In the fall of 178y he settled in Scott Co., Ky.
He preached there with the same zeal and constancy
tluit he had exercised elsewhere, and became the most
popular preacher in the ntiw settlements, lie was
(tailed to the care of tireat Crossing chundi, to which
he preached with gi'eat success sixteen years.
During the years 1800 and ISOl he liaptized SlJl
jiersons into the fellowship of tlie Great Crossing
chnri'h. In 1810 he took charge of Dry linn
church, which he had formed in Scott County.
Hero he remained until his death, which occurred
in Dccr.inber. ISl.^i.

Reeti, N. A., D.D., was bom in r.ynn, .Alass.,
Jan. 20. ISl,'). Il(! was early ambitious for an edu-
cation, and availed himself, with that view, of such
opportunities as olVered ilnring intervals of labor
on the farm or in the store, for private study. In
lSu2, in a revival at Andover, he was converted.
Though educated as a Congregationalist, the study
of the Greek New Testament made him a Baptist,
rie was liaptizcdjn 1833 into tin.' lellowship of the
Anilover Baptist church. Deciding to enter the
ministry, he studieil at Brown University, gradu-
ating in IS.'JS, and was ordained at \\'akelitdd, K. I.,
soon after. His successful pastorates have been at
AVakelield, Suffield, Conn., liedford and Franklin-
dale, N. Y., Winchester, .Mass., near Boston,
■W^akeliehl a second tinu;, Bristol, K. 1., Middle-
town, N. Y., Zanesville, O., Grand Ka|iids, .Mich.,
Hamilton, 0., Muscatine, Iowa, Ceritralia, 111., and
the present one at Amhoy, in the same State.
At these im])ortant points his work has always
been fruitful in conviMsimis and additimis to the
cl'urchi's, whili! the inlluenciMjf liis public ministry
has bc:en ever jn'omotive of harmony and the spirit
of church ontmprise.

Rees, Rev. Cyrus William, A.M., was born
in Guernsey Co., U., -Jan. -, 1828 ; son of Rev. Wm.
Bees, who did so much for missions and education
in Indiana; has two brothers in the Baptist min-
istry, Uev. Eli Rees, of California, and Rev. -Jona-
than II. Rees, of Texas. In I'arly life he studied
for the medical profession. At eighteen he was
converted, und baptized by his father at Delphi,
Ind. Studieil at Fi'anklin and Kalamazoo Colleges,
graduating at Kalannizoo in 18.S5. Oli'cr.>i him-
self as a foreign missionary, ami was accei,i.il by
the board at Boston, but the :*titl,(JOU debt prevented

the Union from sending him. In 1855 he settled
as pastor of the Mount Clemens and Macomb
churches, Mich., ami was ordained November 15,
precious revivals attending his work at both
churches. In 1851) he settled at Fort Wayne,
built a meeting-house, and baptized sixty. Losing
his voice, lie renioved to Texas. In 185'J he removed
to C;ililornia, regained his voice, settled at I'etahnna,
ami built a meeting-house costing $1500; removed
to Nevada in 18C1 ; was the first Baptist preacher at
Carson, Virginia City. Silver City, Dayton, and
Fort Churchill, and school siiiierintendent for
Lyon County. Until 18li'.) he labored in Nevada
and Lastern California, and organized more new
churches than any other |jastor or missionary on
the I'acilic coast. He has labored at .Sacramento
and Red Blulf in Calihunia, built new meeting-
houses, organized the Fastcrn Association in 1<873 ;
moved to Oregon in 1870 ; was pastor at Fngene
City, the seat of the State University ; is now
pastor at the l)alles ; lias bapli/.ed 300 converts.
![(■ is author of a " Chronological Historical Chart"
of the leading events of the world ; also author of
a similar " History of the American tJivil War,"
a " Baptist Chronological History from the Days
of Christ," and now has a work nearly ready for
the press, containing nearly four hundred Pedo-
baptist concessions to Baptist principles, arranged
denominationally. He is a good preacher and
lecturer on reformatory subjects, and a number of
his discourses on special subjects have been pub-
lished.

Rees, Rev, Eli, eldest son of Rev. Wm. Rees,
was born in t)liio, Jan. II, 1821. 'I'wo of his
brothers are Ba|itist ministers, C. W. Ree^, of
Oregon, and Jonathan H. Rees, of Texas. Edu-
cated at Denison University, 0. ; ordained us
pastoi- at Huntington, Ind., Jan. Ilj, 1848. After
two years he became general agent of the Indiana
State Association, and did much to ariajse amission
spirit; organized and served the Brookville church,
biqitizing many converts, until 1854, when health
rerpiireil him to go to the warmer climate of Texas,
whiu'e he taught and preached ; was president of
the .Margaret Houston Female College; held pro-
tracted meetings, liajitized many converts; and in
1>;5'J crosseil the plains to California, jireaching on
the journey. l>uring twenty years he has given
himself to mission work, laboring almost alone in
the .San Joaquin Valley, raising up several Baptist
churches, and training them for future pastors.
He is the inventor of ;i patent which pioniises lino
jiecuniary returns, which he has dedicated to home
and foreign missions, and the endowment of a Bap-
tist paper on the Pacilic e-oast. His residence is
Merced, Cal.

Rees, Rev. George Evans, was boin near
llaverlbrd-W'est, South Wales, in the year 1845;

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REESE

965

REEVES

\v;is baptized iit I'eiiibroke Dock in the oiglitooiith
your of liis aj;c ; stiidiud at IJristoI Odllege, Eng-
land, under the presidency of Rev. V. W . (iuteh,
L[,.L). ; settled in hia lirst jjahtoriite at Truro, (Jorn-
wall, Knf^land, and remained more tlian tiiree years
and a half. He eame to tlie Uniteil States in June,
187"-i, and soon after accepted u call to the Taber-

REV. UEORGr EVAN'S BEES.

nacle church, IMiilaiielphia, in whieli field of labor
lie still continues in the esteem and oo-0]ieration
of a large and inliuential membership. lie is also
connected with the bcjards of management in city
anil State missiiui woik. Mr. llees is a man of
genial temperament and robust intellect, and a
))reaeher whose words are s|ioken with great clear-
ness and force. 'I'he blessing of (iod has rested
upon hi.s labors in an unusual measure.

Reese, Rev. Joseph, Nvas born in Pclaware in
1730. His father came to iSoutli Carolina during
his childhood. He was for many years pastor of
the Congaree church. He was, in a great measure,
instruMJcntal in the revival from which the noted
church. High Hills of Santee, sprang, 'fhe people
of the vicinity had been singularly careless about
religion, until their interest was awakened by ]\Ir.
Reese, and greatly increased by Dr. Fuinian.

He was in feeble health for years before his
death. '"His last atten<lance at church was about
twelve nuMiths before his decease, at which time,
in great pain and weakness, ho administi'rnl the
Lord's Supper."

Reeves, Rev. James, was born in w ilkes

Co., (Ja., in IT^^i, and died in Carroll County,

April (J, 1S58, in the seventy-fifth year of his
age. He was most decidedly a praying man and
a student of the Bible. From his entrance into
the ministry he was devoted to its sacred duties,
and gloried in being a pioneer preacher, lie re-
moved successively to Jasper, 15utts, and Troup
Counties, following the tide of immigration, and
with .John Wood and other zealous ministei's
plantoil the cross in what was then, comparatively
speaking, a wilderness. I'roaching in log cabins
and uniler temporary arbors, they supplied the
people with liibles and tracts, and established
Sunday-schools and temperance societies. Some
of the most nourishing churches in T'roup and the
adjoining counties were established by Reeves and
his Coadjutors. In those days the anti-mission war
raged, and John Reeves was one of the firmest de-
fenders of missions. He was benevolent and ex-
ceedingly punctual, and no one enjoyed more the
confidence of those who knew him. To the very
last he was faithful and devoted, old age neither
damjicning his ardor nor restraining his zeal, and
death found him "as a shock of eoi-n I'ully ripe.''

Reeves, Rev. Jeremiah, Sr., was born in
Halifax Co., N. C. ; brought u]) iji the Episcopal
Church; his painstaking in the acquisiticjn of
knowledge gained him the office of clerk, whose
business it was t(j assist the rector in )iublic ser-
vice ; but upon hearing the liaptists preach ho
entered into their views with all his heart. This
was a source of dee[) mortification to his father,
who remarked, "Jerry, I am the more astonisln^d
at j'ou, seeing you have labored through so nuiny
dillieulties to inform your mind, and have obtained
more knowledge than the rest of the family, that
you should now turn fool and follow after these
babblers." Nevertheless, Jerry connected himself
with a Baptist chnrc:li on Mars' Fork of Haw Jliver
before the Itovolutionary war. He removed to
Georgia in 17S4, ami settled in Wilkes County, on
the Dry Fork of Long Creek, and was among the
early members of Sardis, then Hutton's Fork
church. As a Christian, he was zealous, pious,
and devoted ; as a church member, he was con-
stant, stabh;, and persevering; as a |ireacher, he
was ardent in spirit and sound in the faith; and
as a man, he was industrious, courteous, and hon-
orable.

Mr. Reeves raised a fine family of children, most
of whom grew to maturity and became useful
Christians. Four of them, Malachi, Jeremiali,
John, and .Tames, became n\iMisters of the go»|icl.

Reeves, Rev. Jeremiah, Jr., son of Rev. Jere-
miah Reeves, Sr., was born in North Carolina in
1772, and removed with his father to Georgia in
17IS4, settling in Wilkes Countj'. He was ordained
a deacon in 18()f), and set apart to the ministry in
Ibis. He labored long and faithfully in the north-

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11 K EVES

96f)

RRID

east part of tlie State, lieing one of tlie first piongers
in that section, aiiliiijr in the constitution (jf var'ums
clinrohcs. lu sentiment lie was strongly niission-
ar)', and cncOiintereil some persecution on account
of his .stern advocacy oC missionary and tciiipcrancu
principles. He was a man of great piety, and eiiii-
iient lor liis devotional spirit and Cur jiromoting
missions in the Sare[ita Association. He died on
tlic 27th of January, ISiH, in the si.xty-lifth year
of his age.

Reeves, Rev. John, thii-d ministerial son of
Jeremiah Reeves, was born in (iiKngia about the
year 1700, and was a very useful num in his day.

Reeves, Rev. Malachi, son of Jeremiah Reeves,
, Sr., was born in Halifax Co., N. C, about the year
1770, and removed with his father to (ieorgia in
17^!-1. At maturity he joined the church at Sardis,
'Wilkes Co., aM<l was introduced into the ministry
through the folhiwing train of circumstances:
About the year 1S08 he, in company with his
brother Jeremiah and Pitt iMilner, another mem-
ber uf the ehureli, instituted a series of'prayer-
111 ee tings to lie held at their houses. About a dozen
attendoil the lirst appointment, and it was agreed
to eontiuno the meetings so long as one dozen
should attend. At each consecutive meeting a
larger number was in iittendance, until both house
and yard wore full. Soon it became apparent that
the Spirit of the Lord was in the design, and for
the aeeoininodatiiin of an an.xions multitude the
ineeting-housc was put into requisition. Naturally
such an attentive ijiultituile of ini|uircrs rendered
necessary the reading and expounding of the Scrip-
tures and oxhoi-tatien, in which exercises ^Maiaehi
Keoves took the lead, and soon gained fur himself
the title of |n'eacher. I'itt Milner was called the
cxhortcr, whilst Jeremiah Reeves, Jr.. was called
the praying man, on account of the fervor of his
petitiinis.

From this commencement a glorious revival en-
fiued, and about lOO were aildcd to the church.
'I'he Sardis church saw lit to license Malachi Reeves
to prear.h, which was done in IS09, and the follow-
ing year he was ordained to the full w<irk of the
ministry, and ever afterwards, to his dculh, in
IS'ili, he proveil a, cood and useful minister of
Christ, greatly beloved by all. He was a man of
good natural talents, clear judgment, and discrim-
inating understamling.

Reeves, Rev. Zachariah, a distinguished pio-
neer preacher in South IMississippi, was boi'n in
South Carolina in 179'J ; came to I'ike Co., Miss.,
in 1811 ; began to preach in 1832; was a man of
great power, an<l exerted a wide influence in the
Bonthern part of the State ; jdanted many churches ;
and was for twenty-four years moderator of the
Mississippi Association; died in 1871.

Regent's Park College, one of the finest cou-

cational editices in London, England, is the home,
of the Uaptist theological seminary formerly known
as Stepney College, which was founded in ISlO,
under the |ir('sidency of the Rev. ^V'. Newman,
D.l). Since the removal to Regent's Park, in IS.'jC),
lay students have been admitted, and the institu-
tion has won a high position in public esteem.
'I'he Rev. Joseph Angus, H.I)., LL.D., bus Im.i-u
president n])wards of thirty years. In eommem-
(H-ation of his personal worth and eminent servici'S
to the Raptist denomiinition and to education, the
■' Angus Lectureship" has been founded during the
present year (ISiSO). Regent's Park College is
alliliated to the University of London, and a large
number of students have graduated, several of
whom have taken high honors and valuable yjrizcs.
During the last twenty years about $50,000 ha\e
been contributed by fi-iends of the college to found
scholarshiiis. More than 300 ministers have gone
forth from the college to labor in dilferent |iarts
of the United Kingdom, the British colonics, the
United Slates, and heathen lands. .

Register, The Baptist Annual. — This work

was first issued in 17'.Hi, in London, by Dr. John
Rippon. Until this period the Baptists in Europe
and America were destitute of any organ. The
Rajislei- had articles from both sides of the Atlan-
tic, and it was a creditable forerunner of the long
list of periodicals and newspapers that now give a
knowledge of our doctrines and movements to ndl-
lions of ri!aders.

Reid, Judge Jacob P., departed this life Aug.
19, 18S0, in his sixty-sixth year. He was solicitor
of the western circuit of South (Carolina for sixteen
years, and was accounted one of the ablest in the
Stat(!. In 18G8 he was elected to Congress from the
third district, but was not permitted to take his
seat. In 1874 he was elected jiulgo of the first
circuit, and served with great ability until he
resigned the jiosition in 1S7S.

He was a member of the Anderson Baptist church
for numy years. lie was a nnui of much force of
character, and of great liberality and public spirit.
The inllucnce of his useful life will long survive
him.

Reid, Rev. Samuel Ethelred, of African de-
scent, was born of lla|ilist parents at I'rowstown,
Jamaica, West Indies, May 22, 1840. He graduate(l
at Lady Jlico Institution, Kingston, then engaged
in mission work. He removed to California in
1803; preached for the Second Baptist church,
Stockton, four years ; was ordained at Stockton in
October, 1807, and had marked success. Removing
to Virginia City, Nev,, his talent ami integrity led
to bis employment in a responsible position in one
of the gold-mining companies of that citj'. But he
preaches frequently, is an official member (jf the
church, u uum of influence, and deeply interested

<• \VA v.

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REID

90S

RELIGIOUS

in the welfare of the scattered cohired Baptists on
the Pacific coast.

Reid, Rev. T. A., was liom in Hull Co., (la.,

March lis, 1S2S. Ho studied and taiiglit alternately
until 1853, wlicn lie ent(ired Mercer University.
That great and good man, l!ev. P. II. Mell, H.D.,
entered hi.s ro'ini and said, " 1 and my wife have
determined to take you as a member of Inw family
and incur all your college expenses.''

He had long felt it a duty to (ireach, and soon after
going to Miu-cer he told Dr. IMell of his desire, and
soon after he received a license.

In 1855 the I'ehuhotli Association in Georgia
determined to send liim as a missionary to Africa.
He and his wife sailed from New York on the 7th
of jVugust, 1857, and landed in Africa in the fol-
lowing September. In 1S5S he lo.st his wife. In
loneliness, in jierils of a native war, and amid great
privations, he .still labored An' tiie Master in Awyaw,
the ca(iital of the Y'ovulja conntrv. In l.SlHthe
feeljlcMiess of his health made it luM'cssary for him
to return to hi.s native e(nintry, Having spent some
time in England he landed in New York. For sev-
eral years he )n'eached in .South (.'arolina and in
other States with acceptance, wailing till the board
could send him to his chosen foreign iield. 'I'ho
board, liowevcr, having at length determined not
to scud any niore married missionaries to Aliica,
as he was now married ;i .second time, he reluc-
tantly gave up .Africa, and he is now ((reaching
with characteristic zeal and success at Millway, S.C.

Reid, Rev. William, was born in Ayrshire,
Scotland, in 1812. His parents were Presbyterians,
but at the age of seventeen he was baptized l(y
Rev. James Blair, and joined the Baptist church
of which he was pastor. His father soon after-
wards also united with the Baptist Chnrcli. He
was licensed by tlie ehnreh to |)reach. In his
twentieth year he came to the United States, and
engaged in secular business ; but by the advice of
friends he resolved to devote himself to tiie work
of the miTiistry. For several year.s he studied in
the Connecticut Liteiary Institution at Suilield. lie
was orihiined in East ^Vindsor in 183'J, and was
first settled as pastor at Welhersficld. After two
years he accc|ited tlkti jiastorate of the church at
TariflVille. During this settlement of live years
large additions were made to the church. He then
liecame jiastor of the church at Bridgeport, where
he renniined nine year.s ; then he took char;re of
'i the Fir.st Baptist church ol New L<indon, where he
remained eight years. He was then pastor at
j (ircen Point, Brooklyn, four year.s. From thence
he wa.s called t<j the >IcDougal Street church in
New York. After a pastcn-atc of several years he
accepted the call of the Herkimer Street chureli in
Brooklyn, N. Y. In all these settlements he mei
with great success.

lie is a lluent, calm, deliberate speaker, showing
clearly, by liis style and acccuit, that liis early train-
ing was in Scotland. He has a clear head and
warm heart. Ofttm there is a grandeur in the
sweep of his thought that thrills and charms his
|]ear(n-s. As a Bayitist, he is conservative, and
eminently sound in the faith tauglit by the fathers
of the denumiinition.

Reinhardt, Rev. J. J., was bom a slave, Aug.
15, 18"J8, in Lawrence Co., Miss.; had no early
advantages of education. He made use of all the
opportunities which came in his way, and he is
now prepared to study any book in the English
language. He has given some attention to New f
Testament (Ireek, receiving occasional assistance
and advice from Rev. 11. Andrews, Jr., and Rev.
W. C. Crane. D.D., LL.D. He was born from
above A)iril 7, 1849, and was licensed and encour-
aged to )ireaeh to hi.s race in the sununer of 1849.
He was <u'dained to the full work of the gos)iel
ministry in the fall of 18G(J. He has baptized HOD
persons in Walker County, 400 in Grimes County,
200 in Brazos County,, 400 in Robertson County, 60
in Houston County, 100 in Leon County, and 100
in Wasliington County, Te.xas ; total, 15fiO. He
has been pastor of 21 churches, all organized by
his agency, with such help as he could procure.
He now resides at Navasota, and is ))astor nf two
churches. He has held three oflicca, — 1. Sup(Uvi>or
of public schools for Grimes, Walker, Jladison, and
San Jacinto Counties ; 2. .School director for (irimes
County ; 'A. Alderman for the city of Navasota for
five years. At |iresent he holds no ollice cxce|it
that of a minister of the gospel. He is a man of
line natural sense, clear and sound judgment, using
good language in expressing his ideas, and com-
nuinding the resjiect and confidence of both the
white and colored races. In tlie councils of his
peojile he liolds a high rank, and is exerting a
healthful spiritual inlluence in the community
where he resides.

Reinhart, President H. W., was bom in Char-
lottesville, Va., July 4, I8;j3; graduated in a num-
ber of the schools of the University of Virginia ; was
ba|)tizeil by Dr. Jeter ; has taught twenty-four years
in Virginia and North Caroliim., in Allienuirlo
.Military Institute, Riehmoml College, Roanoke
Female College, as co-|)rincipal with Rev. J. B.
Lake, at Fredericksburg, Va. ; came to Yancey-,
ville, N. C, in 1S59; served as captain of cavalry
till health gave way, in lS(i4 ; taught in Danville
Va., Raleigh, N. C. and now for several years has
been president and proprietor of a pvospcrinis female
college at Thomasville, N. C. Mr. Reinhart has
never been ordained, but sometimes preaches.

Religious Denominations in the United

States. — The following statistics are from the
•' liaptist Y'ear-Book ;"

ijii'j Dfl J'.:ll
■lij <;■. '..: ir.H -l.-.. ...

il u(\ ',Ar . .,i:n ...', ,•; •'

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•' i ■' 1 . IK . ,. II .•/;■■ Ai ■,'

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i;- ■' (.■■-;^i ^j-',v ■;■! ,1 ,).! ,<l •
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'i'i t:. i'.'lltdflA '.'ih ill ;i,; rl.iKl ti :.- ■■!■''

■■:,i'-^ ■.'■; ;.i :.-jii'^i lli.'l ,:i1 ■'<' {•■„,':'. . t,,

'''■'■'■■' ''Vlhfj:- M(;.| ')I! .li.'l'- ! ii, I,, I |M! ,1'. ("!;■. PM:tll . II'

,-;iii;/'? .:i';) uf Out. .,.,:,.'•' r,:'y:i/ r! «,|..,<-l ... i ,.:

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c' '■.-■' '''i-ii' '',:' .- ''•l'''iM'r' IL' 'I.. m.Vt.i ; ^jul ^ 'm' i

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•'I': llV [:; ,ii':'!i>iii' ' lii-Hi;' !i:i,; j;i.i::-ii7 i.i ^ jii i!-.''u.l'> ■

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1 ! ■;-,!l ilj, 7 ,.:;. ■■ , I ... .: •,•_:•', " ■

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nKLYKA

'.)f)',»

liKNFROE

DL'tuuiiinatiuris.

Adveittiat

Anti-Mii^aiuri Iliptist

Bupiisis ,

tllnircli ufGoii, AViiiMljieniiariiing,

Congiegatiuniilistd

Diuciples, (\tni])liolliti-tt

K|ii->cup;il, l*iii|t\',tiUil

KpioCi>p;il, Ui.'Iu1 IlKll

Kivo Will IJiipli^td

Frii'iuitj

1. II (he tans

Meiiiiuiiitf.s

Mf'tliDiiiat Kpidccpal

M.-tliuiiitit Kpiacopal, South

MiMii'ilist K[.i3cnpal. Atrican I

Mrtliuilist Kpiucii]);il, Zioii Aft ictiii.

Mi-tliuUtit Epi.-'Cupiil, Ci>Iuioi.l I

Mi'llunlist Evangelical Associa-,
li.Mi

Methodist, Kice j

JMethoiliflt, Iiuiopuiuiunt |

Methinlist, Priiuifivi! '

Mothoiiidt Fr.)lt'ataiit

3Iethodiat Episcupal Uiiiuii, Amer-
ican (culureil)

Methodist, Weale.vaii

3loraviiin

Presliyteiiaii, Cuiiibei laud '

Pie.ibyttiiiari, Noi ili

IVcBhyterliiii, Jlol'm jiied

I'leshytei iati, StiiUh

Prtisltytenaii, United

Refonuetl Churcliu.s in America
(Diitrh)

Ki'furnied ChuichuH in United

Stat 06 (German)

Ttuiimn Catholic (mid to be) i

Seventh-Day iJ.iptists

Six-Principle llaptista

TiinkoiH

United Uruthren

CliurchoH.

80

9()0

26,1 HiO

■iDiJ

;i,li71

1)4

1,471

8UI)

5,(i'J7

120

17,111

Meinboi-H.

120

10,000

■t(W

4o,00()

IC.MO

2,2'.n;,:i27

:i.")U

:io,(niO

3,s:i0

:I»2,'.I2U

•2,(1110

:i.'".ii,iii)o

.:i,4i5

3ir,,84i

lOi)

ri,ixiit

1,2114

74,K5I

KM), 000
712,210

:i,226

'JU

20,000

11,811

*l,72:l,H7

;),K(i7

82S,:i01

1,118

214,80S

1,SII0

100,000

U:i8

l)2,LiO0

mi

112,11)7

'271

I2,r.l2

24

i2,.'.:,o

ia«

;i,2io

1,314

113,403

101

2,550

25U

25,000

l,'2:ia

100,0(JO

5,(.44

57H,li71

r2.s

10.250

1,0011

120,028

(i25

77,414

543

80,206

714

151,761

4,67.1

fc.ooo.ooo

HU

8,548

2,000

1,'2II0

50,000

2,1'JG

157,s;i5

* Including 170,029 nioinberB on probation,
f Kntiie Ruiuini Calliolic populiitiuli.

Eelyea, Rev. S. S., was born in New York
ill 1SJ2 ; .'ipent two years at Watervillo College,
Me., mid grailuated at New York City University
in 184(">, and Hamilton 'I'lieolu^ical Seminary in
1849. Alter iillini^a number of |iromincnt pastor-
iites in New York be removed to Mis.si.ssippi, and
Mibsequently to Louisiana, where be was aetively
employed in teacbinj; and preaebing ; nine years
in charge oF Silliinan Institute, (Jlinton, La. ; eight
years at Woodland Institute, East Feliciana Parish,
La. .Subsequently be returned to Mississippi, and
became connected with a school at jMcComb City,
Miss., and associate editor of the Smil/teni Jiaplist.
lie died in 1.S77. He left a niaiuiscrijit work on
cbiircJi polity.

Remick, Rev. Timothy, was born in Kittory,

Me., .Sept. \'i(\, \llii ; was boprfiiHy converted at tlic
age of twenty-three, and having beconK! a Baptist
from his personal study of the Bible, joined the
Baptist church in i'arsonfield. Me. Feeling it to
he his duty to ]ireacli the gospel, he eommciieed
his work as an evangelist in the neighborhood in
which be lived, his labors being followed by rich
fruits. He was (jrilained in Cornish, Me., in June,
1804, as pastor of the church in that jilace, where
he remained the rest of his life. Ilis ministry was
■one of blessing to his church and to the coinn.iniity
in which he liveil for so many years. IK: died
Dee. '27, IS50.
02

Renfroe, J. J. D., D.D., was bom in Mont-
gomery C.!o., Ala., Aug. ;j(», I8;i(). He was baptized
by A. N. AVorthy, Aug. ,'^0, 1.S4S ; ordained at
Cedar Blulf in ly.')2. The earlier years of his life

J. J. D. ItENFROE, U.n.

were spent among a rude, uncultured people. En-
tering the ministry when young, with great diflicul-
ties in his pathway, be has by ]icrsistent and faithful
ellbrt made his way to the front rank of preachers
in the .South. During the first years of his min-
istry he was eminently successful as pastor and
preacher, baptizing large numbers into the various
churches in Cherokee and Calhoun Counties of
which be was pastor. AV'hile diligently engaged in
leading sinners to (,Mirist, be was earnest and ag-
gressive in bis defense of " the faith once delivered
to the saints.'' This led him into frequent contro-
versies with ministers of other denominations.
The results of these conllicts never made his
brethren blush for his defeat, but his almost uni-
forni success made them conlident when their cause
bad been committed to the strong young pastor.

Unusual native ability, bard study, faithful, effec-
tive service, conimaiuled the attention of the denomi-
nation, and on the Ist of January, ISfiS, he was
called to the pastorate of the chiiicli in Talladega.
The last three year.s of "the war between the
States" be spent in Virginia, the ellirient and be-
loved chaplain of a regiment in the Confederate
army. At the close of the war be returned to Tal-
ladega, resuming his pastorate. The beautiful
brick building in which the church in Talladega
now worships is a lasting monument of bis indomi-

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RENFROE

970

REPENTANCE

table encvgy iiiul untii'iiig v.va\. lie is still tlio
pastor of the cliurrli in 'ruliadei^a, cnjoyins; the
uiuiuostioiiiii^ eonli(l(!Mue and deepest Cliristiaii
aU'eeliou oC the entire iiieniliership.

His praetieal, pointed, and able contvibiitioiis to
various relij^ious pin-iodieals during almost th(' en-
tire term of his )inblio life have given him a wiile
reputation, and nnule him a [io\v<t in the deinua-
ination. The i-urrent questions of the day always
.command his attention, and he is ever ready to
defend the tenets of his cliureh.

In 1S75 Howard College conferred upon him the
degree of Doetor of nivinity.

To him more than to any other is due the credit
of inaugurating the State mission work in Alaliama.
When almost all were 0|iposed lie sto(jd firm, and
contended earnestly for what lie conceived to Ijc best.
Results have demonstrated his wisdom and rewarded
him for all the efforts ma<le in this direction.

Dr. Uenfroo is a man of strong convictions, with
courage to follow wherever they lead witliout iiesi-
tation and w-ithout wavering. An humble man of
God, who has spent his life and sacriliced himself
in the service of his Master.

The latter years of his life have been made bitter
by severe bereavements and aflliction. Amid re-
peated sore troubles and hard trials, rapidly recur-
ring, he has nnide it manifest that he is a trusting
child of tiod, a good servant of (Jlirist, who can
endure hardness as a good soldier of the Cross.

To-day no minister in Alabama occupies a larger
or more tender place in the affections of his breth-
ren, no man has more of the confidence and respect
of the denomination to which ho belongs.

Renfroe, Rev. N. D., was born in Macon Co.,
Ala., ( let. 7, 1S')3 ; united with the I5a)itist Church,
and was baptized by Itev. J. R. Hand in lb-18 ;
educated in the Cedar Bluff Academy and in Union
University, Tcnn. ; sjient four years in the uni-
versity under Rev. J. AV. Eaton, LL.IX, also took
the theological course under Rev. J. JI. J'endle-
ton, D.T). ; ordained as pastor of tlic church in
Jacksonville, Ala., in 1859, where he manifested
superior tact as a young pastor, and far more than
ordinary ability as a preacher ; entered the Con-
federate servicii at the opening of the war, and was
killed, in eiimmanil of his eom])any, in the battle of
Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 1.3, ISCili. From child-
hood lie was distinguished for the purity of his
personal character, and after becoming a Christian
his life was nearly faultless. At the time of his
death he was )iopnlar, and growing in po|iiilarity
in the army as a soldier, as an ollicer, and us a
minister, for lib frequently preached to his com-
rades. When on the march, when in hard service,
when in need, and when anj' were sick, he was in-
stantly watchful for them and tender of their ;nn r-
csts, though rigid in duty. After he fell the Kiv.

Dr. Henderson edited a tract of sixteen pages on
his life, entitled " The Model Ctnifederate Soldier,"
wliieh was published in thousands by tho Virginia
Tract S(jciety, and circulated among the soldiers;
it consisted mainly of articles which ajipeared in
the papers about him. He was one of the purest
and most spotless soldiers in the Confederate army.
Ilia remains were carried to Alabama and buried
in T'alladcga, where his elder brother, the Rev. «).
J. D. Renl'roe, has long been pastor. Mr. Renfroe
was twenty-nine years old, and unmarried.

Repentance is indispensable to the blotting out
of our sins and to the possession of that h<jliness
without which no man shall see the Lord. It was
frequently on the li|is of .John the Raptist, and of
the Saviour and his apostles, and it should be in
the heart of every member of Adam's guilty race.

Re|ientance is not merely fear for God's anger,
coming from a consciousness of our guilt. The
five foolish virgins, when death came, were filled
with a)iprehensions in view of meeting God, and
they immediately sought pardon, and failed to find
it because the Saviour knew nothing about them as
penitent persons.

Repentance is not mere grief for the consequences
of sin. Esau sold his birthright, and for an insig-
nificant price he gave up the honor of being the
father of the coming Messiah, of many kings, and
of a great historic nation, stretching over thousands
of years of human history. When he came to sec
the full measure of his folly, he was filled with
bitter grief for the consequences of his sin. So
are convicts in view of the scaffold, iind so are hosts
of men drawing near the eternal world wIjo have
never rejiented.

Repentance is not des|iair in view of some great
wrong which the soul has committed. Judas was
guilty of an act of atrocious baseness in betraying
Jesus for thirty pieces of silver. He evidently h.'id
no idea that the Jews intended to proceed to such
extreme «easnres with his late Master, though be
knew full well that they wanted to perpetrate some
outrage upon him. Ami when he learned that
Jesus was condemned to lii^ i rucified he was filled
with maddening despair and he destroyed himself.
He seems to have luul no regret for any other sin
of his hypocritical and dishonest life. He solicited
no pardon. He was simply overwhelmed with a
consciousness of his great guilt in betraying the
sinless Redeemer to a violent and crind death.
The Saviour says about this fiilse apostle, " AVoe
unto that man Ijy whom the Sun of man is be-
tra3'cd ; it lia<l been good for that man if he had not
been born." The fi<;rcu anguish of his soul was
not repentance for iiis great sin, nor for any other
of his iniquities ; it had no appeals for mercy in it,
and tho man was abandoned by his fellows ami by
himself as Worthy to feel forever in his/^-oul the

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REPENTANCK

971

RESURRECTION

wou pronoiinceil by Jesus upon liiui by whuiii tbc
Son of man was betrayed. In many similar eases
of despair, and sometimes of suieiile, tliei'e has Ijeen
no rcpentaneo, no su|i|ilioalion, and no forj;iveiiess.
It is a delusion to suppose that agonizin;^ des|)aii-
for sin is that repentaneo wiiieh seeures salvation.

Repentance has notliing in eoiiiinon witli Catliolic
penance. Kastings, Ihigeliations, liairy garments
to sting tlie skin, and other Ibrms of )ienanee are
foreign to the nature of gos|iel repentance. Wlien
it is said, " Ue|ient ye therefore, and be converted,
tliat your sin may lie blotted out," we are not to
imagine that Peter enjnijis any penance, any phys-
ical application to secure the removal of our in-
iquities.

Repentance is a change of mind or purpose.
This is the meaning of /icmroia^ the Greek word
translated re|)entance in the New Testament.
There is implied in it sorrow for unbelief and sin,
and a turning from them unto God. Until a man
repents he commonly feels comfortable about him-
self and his ways; but when the Saviour, through
the Spirit, gives him repentance he changes his
mind about himself, and seeing nothing good in
his heart or in his works, his whole soul cries out,
" Lord, be merciful to me a sinner."

Repentance is a change of mind about God's re-
lations to the soul. Before its existence in the heart
the unbeliever feels as if Jehovah had little, if any-
thing, to do with him or his acts. When the Spirit
gives him penitential light he sees imuiediiitely that
every sin against himself or others is a crime
against (Jod. And his soul, as he considers each
transgression, is ready to cry out before the Lord,
" Against thee, thee only have I sinned, and done
this evil in thy sight." Before he repents the jus-
tice of God seems to him very jiure, but distant,
and in a large measure powerless. When he is
first illuminated by the Spirit the justice of God
appears to him to be the most active attribute of
Jehovah, and he is certain that it must bo satistied
before his conscience can enjoy rest. This change
of mind is instantly attended by a change of heart,
and like the prodigal loathing his husks, the pen-
itent alihors his sins, and his whole soul turns from
them. R(rpentanc(! is always accompanied by a con-
viction that the soul is in a lost condition. " How
many hired servants of my father," saith the prod-
igal, " have bread enough and to spare, and I perish
with hunger?'' The penitent always desires to go
to the Saviour after receiving the lieaven-given
'"change of mind." The decision of his soul is,
" I will arise and go to my father." As the pen-
itent man thinks of his wasted life, of the privileges
lie has abusc<l, of the Redeemer against wluim he
lias madly fought, of his numerous and aui;r.r. atud
iniipiities, his heart is tilled with grief, it is a i;njl;en
and a contrite heart, and he feels resoKcil that

nothing shall keep him from Jesus. And nothing
eau ; the niichaicging Spirit wlui has commenced
the work of saving his soul, by giving it repentance,
will never ci'ase his loving toils till the soul rejoices
in the daziiliiig light of the day of (Jlirist in heaven.

Repentance never saved a soul by its merits ; it
lays the needful foundation for the temple of faith
in the heart. Hut all the penitential sorrows of
Adam's family would not remove one faint stain
of sill. If a man borrowed live thousand dollars,
fur which he gave security, and squandered it most
foolishly, and afterwards, filled with true repent-
ance, he solicited and expected the forgiveiines>
of the debt because ho was sorry fur it, the sjiend-
llirift would only meet with contempt in his appli-
cation ; his sureties would have to pay the money.
Faith alone in the Crucified cleanses from all sin,
and repentance is God's instrumentality for lead-
ing the sinner to the Lamb of God, the Great Re-
mover of sin.

Restoration, — It is tlio privilege and duty of
every Baptist church to restore to its fellowship
any of its own fallen members who lament and
renounce their baekslidings. AVhen an excluded
and reclaimed brother seeks restoration to chiireh
relations in a strange church, it has a right to re-
ceive him on the broad ground of the independ-
ency of Baptist churches, ))ut this right should be
exercised with prudence. Our churches owe each
other fraternal courtesy in matters of discipline as
well as in other things ; and, as a consequence, many
of our Associations have a resolution declaring that
the churches composing them will respect each
other's discipline, and all of them have an under-
standing of kindred import.

It is desirable, therefore, in every case, that the
excluded person should be restored by the church
which expelled him from its membership. But as
he sometimes has decided and well-founded objec-
tions to connect himself with bis former friends,
the church of his new choice should gain their
concurrence to his restoration, if possible ; and fail-
ing, -and thoroughly satisfied of the |)iety of the
applicant and of the justice of his objections, they
may call a council, and receive him on its recom-
mendation,— -if it is an important case this is the
wiser course, — or they can admit him to their fel-
lowship without any external advice.

It is extremely desirable that Baptist churches
should act in harmony in everything ; but it is of
great importance that no disciple of Jesus should
sull'er wrongl'iilly.

Resurrection, The, was one of the chief ele-
ments in apostolic jjreaching. Wherever I'anl
wont in his missionary journej'S he jiroclaimed
Jesus and the resurrection, — the complete redemp-
tion of soul and body by the Saviour's cross. The
doctrine of the resurrection was one oC the great

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RKSURRECTION

•dU

REVIEW

agencies in iiuikiiig the eiirly Cliristiiins feiii-less
of biidily danger and deatli. As tlic UiunLs, the
sword, or tlie wild beasts tlirciitenud tlieni, tliey
I'elt eonlideiit. tliat tlie body would spring from tlie
dust of deutli witli immortal vitality, and in tbe
wondrous glory whieii tbe Saviour's body wore
wlien be took bis plaee in paradise, and they were
ready to defy dtNilb in its most liideous forms, and
bid it welcome in any situation. We can scarcely
conceive tbe extraordinary joy wbicb tbe resurrec-
tion gave Cbrist's first followers; tbe cross with
its fierce agonies, its ghastly death, its darkened
sun, its rent rocks, its cleansing blood, its intense
bive, and the hopes which it kindled in the be-
liever's heart, was only a little dearer to primitive
Christians than the resurrection. They loved to
think of tbe bursting graves, of tbe saints in glori-
tiod bodies, of routed and conquereil death, of per-
secutions, diseases, and tlie decay of years crushed ;
of the saintly victims of infuriated soldiers invested
with spiritiml and glorious bodies. To tlium tbe
cross was tbe fountain of all blessedness, and tbe
resurrection tbe richest stream of hope that llowed
from the cross.

They refused to continue the word sepulchre (a
place of concealment) as a designation for tbe rest-
ing-place of a dead believer; they used tbe word
cemeteries (xoipyr^jjia), that is, darmi/ories, to de-
scribe tbe scenes where the holy dead were sleep-
ing, until the trumpet of the archangel should ban-
ish their slumbers and arouse their bodies from the
sleep of years or ages.

In the ordinance of baptism there is a distinct
announcement of the resurrection as well as of
death and burial. Paul says, " Therefore we are
buried with him by baptism into death: that like
as Christ was raised up from the dead by tbe glory
of tbe Father, even so we also should walk in new-
ness of life. For if we have been planted together
in the likeness of his death (in the baptismal im-
mersion), we shall be also in tbe likeness of bis
resurrection" (by rising up from the waters of bap-
tism).— Rom. vi. 4, 5. Paul uses baptism as an
argument in fuvor of the resurrection. " Else what
shall they do who are baptized for tbe dead (who
jjrofess faith in the resurrection of the lieail by the
very form of baptism), if the dead rise not at all?
why are they then baptized for tlie dead?" — I Cor.
XV. 29. That is, " Why does baptism proclaim tbe
resurrection of the dead if there is no such thing?"
Just as tbe Lord's Supper shows the wounds and
blood of Jesus, so baptism teaches the resurrection
of the dead.

The Philadelphia Confession of Faith says, " At
the last day such of the saints as aro found alive
shall not sleep, but bo changed, and all the dead
shall be raised up with the self-same bodies, and
none other, although with dill'erent qualities, which

shall be united again to their souls forever. The
bodies of the unjust shall, by the [lower of Christ,
bo raised to dishonor ; the bodies of the just, by
his Spirit, unto lionur, and be made coiiforiiiable
to bis own glorious body." (Article XXXIII. 2, 3.)

The resurrection body, as the Confession says,
will have '•different qualities"; in fact, the quali-
ties are just the opposite of the body deposited in
the grave: "it is sown in corruption, it is raised
in incorruption ; it is sown in dishonor, it is raised
in glory ; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in
power-, it is sown a natural (animal) body, it is
raised a spiritual Imdy." — 1 Cor. xv. 42—14. This
resurrection body will be a wonderful structure,
entirely unlike any other human body except the
one now worn by the Saviour in tbe heavens.
Paul's idea seems to be that as a grain of wheat
planted in the earth has a germ of life in it, which
makes a stalk and, in due time, grains of wheat
exactly like itself, so from the human body, at tbe
resurrection, shall spring up a spiritual body, with
every feature of tbe " natural" body once de|)Osited
in the gravt!, but with wbidly " dill'erent qualities."
A distinguished Baptist clergyman, commenting on
Paul's resurrection theory in the lifieentb chapter
of the first e|)istle to the Corinthians, says, "As
the wheat germ controls the form, not the material,
of tbe plant, so, as to its form, though not its
material, will the germ of each human body, fash-
ioned alike in infancy, youth, maturity, and decay,
produce for itself its osvn body," — that is, a body
exactly like the one smitten by death, and reduced
to dust by the grave. This sublime vicrtory over
death and the grave (ills the apostle with jubilant
■exultation, and inspires rapture in the heart of
the intelligent and devout Christian. When Pha-
raoh proposed to Moses to let the children of Israel
depart on condition that they should leave their
Hocks and herds in Egypt, Moses replied, "Our
cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a bouf
be left behind." So our redemption shall be com-
pleted by the recovery of the whole man, both soul
and body, from the havoc of sin, the blows of the
Destroyer, and the power of the grave; there shall
not an atom of tbe man be left behind.

Some believe that there will be two resurrec-
tions at distinct periods of time, tbe " dead in
Christ rising first" (1 Thess. iv. IG), "obtaining a
better resurrection" (Ileb. xi. 33), and enjoying
the apocalyptic benediction, " Blessed and holy is
he that bath part in the first resurrection" (Rev.
XX. 6) ; but the object of this article forbids us to
treat of tbe second resurri'cti(jn in this place. It
is proper to state that the doctrine is held by not a
few Baptists, among whom there are men of unsur-
jiassed piety and intelligence.

Review, The Christian, was commenced in
183G. The design was to make it a literary and

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liKVOUJTION

973

REVOLUTION

religious quai-terly, which, under its varying for-
tiinca, anil hitely under the name of the Biip/isl
IJuaiicily, it always has l)i;en, witli tlic exception
of a lii'icf period, wdien it was issiMMl Iji-nionthly.
I'rof. J. D. Knowles was its lirat editor, and con-
tinued such to the time of liis death, when Hev.
Dr. Sears tool< charge of tlie edit+)rial department.
Ilia connection witli it dating from the second num-
her of tlie tliinl volume. This relation continued
until the close of the sixth volume, wlien it passed
into the hands of Ivev. Dr. S. F. •Smith, where it
remained to the end of volume thirteen. The
fourteiMith volume was edited liy Itev. K. (J. Sears.
Key. Dr. S. S. Cutting, with several assistant edi-
tors, carrieil it to voIumk! (dghteonth, and Kev. Drs.
Turnhull and Munlocli to volume twenty-lirst. Kev.
J. J. Woolsey was the editor of the twenty-first
volume, anil Kev. Drs. Wilson and Taylor editors
of the next three volumes. Dr. E. Ci. Kohinson
was its next editor, and had the charge of the next
four volumes, bringing it down to 1803, when it
was merged into the liibliothcca Sdcra, with Dr.
Sears as one of the editors. The union of the two
periodicals continued for one year, when it ceased,
and the liaptist Qmirlciiij occupied the position
which the C/iristiaii lieview had held, as the sole
organ of its kind in the Baptist denomination in
this country.

"The licview," says Uev. Dr. (h-owell, to whom
we are indebted for the above (acts, " has main-
tained a highly respectable position among the
literary and theological quarterlies of the day. It
has been an able exponent of l{a]itist principles,
though catholic in its tone." It has added some
23,000 pages to the permanent literature of Amer-
ican Baptists.

It seems unnecessary to mention the names of its
contributors, as they include those who will be rec-
ognized as leading Baptist scholars and divines,
and some who are not Baptists, in different sec-
tions of the country.

Revolution, The, and the Baptists.— When

the Legislature of iMassuchusetts, in 1778, forliade
the return of 311 public enemies to their govern-
ment, the historian Backus, who was acquainted
with the facts, deidares ihiit not one of them was a
Baptist. (Church History, p. I'JO. Philadelphia.)
In Sabine's " History of American Loyalists"
(Tories), with its I52()0 brief biogra|ihies, we find
4f) clergymen of one denomination, 0 of another, 3
of another, and but 1 Baptist minister. This was
Morgan Edwards, a man of great genius and worth,
who was born in the Old World, and who failed to
honor the patriotism of the Baptists of his Kufire
country by adopting it. We can discover no lay-
nnm in Sabine's list who was a Baptist, ('hris-
topher Sower, of Gerniantowti, Pa., is repiosented
by Sabine as a German Baptist minioiei- and a

Tory. Sower was a printer and bookseller, and
unbound Bibles belonging to him, because of his
loyalty to King (iiujrge, furnished cartridge-paper
lor the (lontincntal troops at the battle of German-
town. Sower was not a Ba[]tist, but a memlter of
a respectable German community that has no rela-
tions with the Ba|)tists.

In the work of the T'ory exile. Judge Curwen,
of Salem, Mass., there are the names of 920 per-
sons who lied from Boston with Gen. IIow(! when
he sailed for lltilifax ; there are also the names of
many othiu's who left their country by the persua-
sion of State laws, committees of safety, or their
own just fears. Among these are persons of all
occupations, and of all positions in colonial society,
46 clergymen keeping them in company. In this
singular work (Curwiui's "Journal and Letters."
Boston, 1804. Written in England, while its author
was living on British alms), in which are the names
of many American Tories, the gossiping ex-judge
treats of literature, war, politics, theatres, and the-
ohif/i/, but no hint is given that one of the 'fories
mentioned in it was a Baptist. Nor can we learn
from other sources that any of them inllicted such
a ilisgrace upon us.

President John Adams, in some respects an
enemy of the Baptists, giv(^s our people credit for
bringing Delaware from the gulf of Toryism to the
platform of patriotism, And he charges the dis-
loyalty of her people on " the niissiuuaries of the
English Episcopal Society' for the Propagation of
the Faith." (Life and Works, by Charles Francis
Adams, vol. x. p. 812.)

ticorgo Washington, in his reply to the "Com-
mittee of the Virginia Ba|>tist Churches,"' which
expressed to him grave doubts about the security
of religions liberty under the Constitution of the
United States, just adopted, said, " I recollect with
satisfaction that the religious society of which you
are jnembers has been throughout America, uiii-
f'ormli/ and almost uinmhaousbj, the firm friends
of civil liberty, and the persevering promoters of
our glorious Revolution." (Writings of George
Washington, Sparks, vol. xii. 154-55. Boston.)
With such a testimony from the noblest patriot of
the whole human race, we may well bless God for
our religious ancestry, who were among the most
active builders of our country's great temple of
liberty. (See articles on ViiuilNlA Baitists and
THE Uevolutio.v, and Rhode Island Bai'tists a,vd

THE ReVOF.UTION.)

Revolution, The, and the English Baptists.

— AVhen Robert Ilall, the future great preacher,
was a little boy, he hoard the Rev. John Ryland,
Baptist minister of Northampton, say to his father,
" If I were Washington I would summon all the
American oflicers, they should form a circle around
mo, and I would address them, and wo would offer

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REVOLUTION'

974

REVOLUTION

a libation in our own blood, ;inii T wonM onler one
oC thcni to brini; ii lancet ami a ))unch-ljowl, and xve
would baro our arms ami bo blitd, and wliun tlu;
bowl was full, when wu all bad been IjIcmI, I wonlil
■ call on every man to consecrate liimself to tlie work
b}' di[)[)inff bis sword into tlie bowl, ami entering
into a solemn covenant enj;agenient by oatb, one to
another, we would swear by liini that sits ujion
the throne and livcth for ever and ever that we
would never sheatb our swords while there was an
English soldier in arms remaining in America."
(Robert Hall's ^Vorks, vol. iv. 4S, 4'J. Harper,
N. Y.)

Dr. John I!l|i|ion, of London, in a letter to Presi-
dent JManning, of Rhode Island College (Brown
University), written in 1TS4, says, " I believe all
our Baptist ministers in town (London) e.'icept two,
and ninst of our brethren in the country, were on
the side of the Americans in the late dispute. . . .
We wept when the thirsty plains drank the blood
of your departed heroes, and the shout of a king
was aniongst us wdien your well-fought battles
were crowned with victory.; and to this hour we
believe that the independence of America will for
a while secure the liberty of this country. But if
that continent had bc:en reduced, Britain would not
have been long free.'" (I'ackus's History of the
Baptists, vol. ii. p. I'JS. Newton.) J>r. Kippon and
dolm Ityland were two of the leading T5;iptist min-
isters in England ; and there is no duubt that the
spirit of our brethren in England was in harmony
with these noble utterances, with a few insignili-
cant e.xieplions.

Revolution, The, and Rhode Island Bap-
tists.— Before the Revolution Rhode Island was
the freest colony in North America, or in the his-
tory of our race. Her founders bad made her a real
republic while under the nominal rule of a king, a
government with wbieli there could be no legal iu-
terfcrenco by any power either in the Old AVorld
or in the New. Before the Revolution Rhode
Island had no viceroy, and the king had no veto on
her laws. In I7u4, Mompres>on, chief justice of
New York, wrote Lord Nottingham that "when
be was in Rhode Island the people acti^d in all
things as if they were outside the dominion of the
crown." (Sabine's American Loyalists, p. I.j.
Boston, 1847.) Bancroft justly speaks of Ithode
Island at the Revolution " as enjoying a form of
government, under its charter, so thoroughly re-
publican, that no change was required beyond a
rengnciation of the king\H name in the style of its
public acts." (History of the United States, ix.
261.) As Arnold says, Rliode Island, when the
United States Constitution was adopted, " for more
than a century and a half had enjoyed a freed ,iii
unknown to any of her compeers." (History of
Rhode Island, ii. uG3.) In the Revolution the'

little colony bad everything to lose by its failure,
and nothing in liberty to gain by a successful
revolution.

And yet the colony of Roger Williams was the
most enthusiastic fricjid of the Revolution on this
si<le of the Atlantic. On May 4, 1776, Rhode Island
withdrew from the sceptre of Great Britain ; this
was two months before the adoption of the Hccla-
I'ation of Independence. .Scarcely had the retreat-
ing troops of Gen. Gage reached I'xiston when
recruits from the nearest Rliode Island towns
marched to the Massachusetts patriots who fought
at Lexington and Concord ; and the Legislature
soon after voted llftecn hundred men, to be sent to
the scene of danger. When the I>eclaration of In-
dependence was road in Providence, Newport, and
East Groonwieh, it called forth outbursts of de-
light and sIkhHs for ■' lilierty o'er and o'er the
globe." A British historiiui says, " The Rhode
Islanders were such ardent patriots' that after the
capture of Rhode Island by Sir Peter Parker, it
reciuircd a great body of men to be kept there, in
perfect idleness for three j'cars, to retain them in
subjection." (Hume, Smollett, and Farr, iii. 99.
London.) Gov. Green, in a dispatch to Washing-
ton in 1781, reports that '' soDielimcs every ftncible
mail in tlie State, sometimes a third, and at other
times a fourth part was called out upon duty."
(Collections of the Rhode Island Historical Society,
vi. 290.)

With scarcely fifty thousand people of all ages
and of both sexes the little State supported three
i-egiments in (he ContimMital army throughout the
entire war, an immense number ibr her wdien we
remember the demands for local defense. Rhode
Island began the war early by declaring her inde-
jiendence thirty-two days before the brave Virgin-
ians renounced allegiance to George 111., and she
continued inflicting her heaviest blows until the
United States were free from the yoke of Great
Britain.

We have special pleasure in Rhode Island pa-
triotism, because, while noble men of other denom-
inations bonoreil that State in the Revolutionary
war, the ruling jiortion of the people were Baptists.
i\lorgan Edwards, who died in 1795, whose state-
ment canimt be questioned, says, " 'I'he liaptists
have always been more than any other sect of
Christians in Rhode Island; two-lifths of the in-
habitants at least arc reputed Baptists. The gov-
ernors, deputy governors, judges, assemblymen,
and olHccrs, civil and military, arc chiefly ijf that
]iersuasion." (Collections by the Rhode Island
Historical Society, vi. 304.) The spirit of liberty
ruled the Baptist founders of Rhode Island, and in
the Revolution held supremo sway over her Bap-
tist people, who controlled the destinies of the
State, and never did a jjoople make greater sacri-

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nEvoLrrioK

975

JiinWOLDS

lirus or iiiovL' lun'oiu cllbi'ts for lihorty. (Soo articles

oil VuiGIMA HaIM'I.STS and THE IxUVOI.UTlON, Ulld

15A^Tl^;Ts in tiik Kkvoi.utiox.)
Revolution, The, and the Virginia Baptists.

— I'lie Baptist General Association of Virginia iio-
. tflirj tlie C'onvcntiun of the People of Viiji;iiiia,
'■ 'I'liat tlioy liail considered what part it wunld be
]inip('r to take in tlie iinhap|iy ccuitLSt, and had
ck^teriiiiiied that they ought lo niaki; a ucilitavy re-
sistance to Great Britain in her iinjnst invasion,
tyrannical oppression, and rc|ieated hostilities."
( I fcadley's Chaplains and C'leriry of tlie Itevolu-
tiiin, ]i. 2o0. New York, ISIJl.) And they pvo-
claiiiied to the world that "to a man they were
in favor (d' the Revolution." (Seiiiple, p. Gl!.)
Preachers and people, .Seiiipio declares, were en-
ijriissed with thoughts and schenii'S for elTecting
the Kevolution. liowison, in his " History of \'ir-
ginia," ii. 170, says, " No class of the people of
America were more devoted advocates of the prin-
ciples of the Ucvoliition, none were more willing to
give their money and goods to tlieir country, none
moi-e prompt to march to tlie iield of battle, and
none more heroic in actual conflict than the 15a]>
tists of Virginia."

Had it not been for the Baptists of Virginia it is
probable that the " mother of Presidents" would
have sided with Groat Britain in the llevolutionary
Avar. The leading men of the Old Dominion were
the descendants of Kiiglish aristocratic families,
whose guiding pj-inciple for centuries was loyalty
to the king. They were rigid E|iiscopalians, and
so were tlie sovereign of England and the majority of
his iiilluential subjects in his home kingdom. 'I'lie
rectors of Virginia were native Knglishmcn, and
bitter Tories, many id' whom were specially accept-
able to gay young Virginians, because they fre-
quented the race-course, betted at cards, and rat-
tled dice like exp'orts. One of them was president
of a jockey club, and another fought a duel. 'I'bese
men present a perfect contrast to their successors
in the Episcopal Church of the Old Dominion in
our day. Virginia proclaimed Charles 11. bclbrc
lie was king in Kngland. (Howe's Virginia Histori-
cal Collections, p. 133. Charleston, 1S4G.) When
Patrick Henry introduced bis live celebrated reso-
lutions into the A'irginia Assembly, in I7b5, in
connection with the .Stamp Act, the men of influ-
ence in that body were opposed to his movement,
and intended to submit to that ini((uitous measure.
(Campbell's History of Virginia, ]i. 541. Phila-
delphia.) Henry's fifth resolution, which rccog-
ni/.i.'d tliC great doetrine that their Legislature alone
could tax its inhabitants, was carried by but (( ,v(//-
glevoit; and yet this principle was the mainspring
of the American llevolutioii. " .Speaker Kobiii-
son," says Campbell, " Peyton Randolph, Uihard
Bland, Kdnuuid Pendleton, George Wythe, and nil

the leaders of the House and proprietors of large
estates, made a strenuous resistance." (History of
Virginia, pji. 5-11-412.) JeU'erson says, " The Reso-
lutions of Henry were o[iposed by Robinson and
all the cyphers of the aristocracy." It was in ad-
vocacy of these resolutions that Henry used the
words, '•Taniuin and Cfesar had each his lirutus,

Charles I. his Cromwell, and George III. "

"Treason!" shouted the .Speaker; "Treason, trea-
son!" was echoed around the house; while Henry.
li,\ing his eyes on the Speaker, continued, without
faltering, "may profit by their example." (Ban
croft, v. 277.) The next day the men who voted
for the lifth resolution, alarmed by their own manly
patriotism, actually had it expunged from the jour-
nals of the llousi'. (Howison's History of Virginia,
ii. 52. Richmond, IMS.) Eleven years later Vir-
ginia withdrew from the liritish crown on the
ground which she took, by a majiirity of one, in
17G5, and from which she shamefully withdrew
the next day. What made the great change in
Virginia?

" In 1774," says Howison, " the Baptists increased
on every side. If one [ireacher was im]U'isoned, ten
arose to take his place ; if one congregation was dis-
persed, a larger assembled on the next opportunity.
The influence of the denomination was strong among
the common people." ( History of Virginia, ii. 170.)
At the Revolution, JeU'erson tells us that in Vir-
ginia two-thirds of the )ieople were dissenters.
(.TelFerson on the State of Virginia, p. IG'J. Itich-
mond.) Tlicse were chieily Baptists. A small
portion of them were Presbyterians, of Scotch-
Irish ancestry, lirave men of eminent worth, liut
the Baptists were sweeping Virginia with a heav-
enly wliirlwind, and their love of liberty and de-
noiiiinatioiial success brought ^'irginia into the
ranks id' the Revolution. Under God our honored
brethren were instrumental in placing the grand
Old Dominion on the ground wdiicli her aristocratic
rulers would never ]iave selected fnr themselves.
AVithout them Patrick Henry and Thomas JeU'er-
son would have expended their eloipience and
statesmanship in vain. And as jMassachiisetts and
Virginia were the two prineifial soiirci.'s of Revolu-
tionary regiments, it is extremely probable that the
liberty and triumphs of the Revulution, as far as
we are indeljted to Virginia lor them, sprang
chiefly, undiu- God, from the extraordinary in-
crease of the freedom-loving Baptists in the Old
Dominion just before the great struggle. (See
articles on Baptists i\ tiik Revolution, and
Rhode Island Bm-tists and tiik llEvon.-TioN.)

Reynolds, J. L., D.D., a native of Charleston,
S. C, was born on the 17th of March, 1S12. He
graduated with the lirst honor at Charleston Col-
lege, and from it went to Newton Theological
Seminary, where he took the full course. His first

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m.r.il

JlKVyOLDS

976

JillEES

pivstDi'iite wiis in Culiunbia, S. C. Tlionce lie was
c;illed tu the [ii'L'sidciR'y of Gouvgctowii College, Ky.
After a successful service in that position, he be-
came pastor of the Seeoiul Baptist church in ilicli-
nioud, Va. lie was called from Kiehuioud to tlie
professorsliip of Latin in the friouth (,'arcdina College
in the pahiiiest days of that renowned institution.
"For nearly twenty-live years the htindsoine, in-
tellectual lace and courtly manners of l<r. Reynolds
wore familiar in those classic halls, and linmlreds
of young men who read these lines will have tender
memories revived of the genial and elegant Latin
professor of their college days." lie was at length,
at his own request, transferred to the chair of Moral
I'hilosophy. After the war political changes dis-
missed hiin and the entire faculty of the college.
In 1874 he Ijeoamo Professor of Latin in Furnuin
University, from which position ho was called to
" come up higher" on the 19th of December, 1877.

He was one of the most genial and delightful of
comjianions. As a classical scholar, the Baptist
ministry of South Carolina has not had his superior,
if, indeed, his equal. As a preacher he was always
instructive, and at times overwlielniingly eloquent
and ]iathetic. 'I'he great gulf which he left has
not yet been filled. His wife, a fit helpmeet in
talent and accompliNhments, survived him but a
short time, so that it might almost be said " in death
they were not divided."

Reynolds, Rev. P, B., was bom in Patrick Co.,
Va., Jan. 9, 184J. At the age of seventeen be
began to teach a few uionths in each year ; entered
the Confederate army in I8()l, and was a private
soldier until the close of the war; wns captured In
the Valley of Virginia in 1864, and spent the fol-
lowing winter as a prisoner at Point Lookout ; was
converted in the woods on the Rapidan River, in
Virginia, while in tin; army, in November, 1863,
and was baptized in May, 1865. He was licensed
to preach in June, 1865; ordained in May, 1868.
After preaching a short time in his initivci county be
entered Richmoml College in IS66, and remained
until 1872. In 1S"1^ he took charge of Coalsmouth
High School, now Shelton College, of which bo is
now (18811) the president. .Sli(;lt(]n is the principal
Baptist college of the State, and Prof. Reynolds is
striving to buihl it up. He has sacrificed much
time and money, and has every prospect of success.
He is a fine scholar, a most ex(;ellent preacher and
pastor, an untiring worker, and capable of filling
almost any position of usefulness. He is president
of the We.-,t Virginia IJajitist Educational Society.

Reynolds, Maj. Walker, was born in Columbia
Co., Ga., Aug. 28, 1799; settled in Talladega Co.,
Ala., in 1833, where be accumulated a large fiir-
tunc ; was worth several hundred thousand dollars
at the breaking out of the late war, and aft -r
the war was still quite wealthy. ^laj. Reynold,

was eminently a public-spirited man ; contributed
liberally to denominational enterprises, and in-
vested largely in secular corporations. The Sclnui,
Rome and Haltun Railroad owes more to bim for
its c.\isteuce than to any other ]iers(ni. He was a
wise man, an extensive planter, and a good church
member. One of the la.st acts of his life was to
give !?1()IJ0 to the building of a new house of wor-
ship for his church at Alpine, lie was twice mar-
ried, and reared a most interesting family. He
died at his home in January, 1871.

Rhees, Rev. Morg'an John, Sr., was bom in

Wales, Sept. 8, 1700. He was converted in early
life, and educated at Bristol College for the min-
istry. He was a pastor in Wales for some time,
but concluded to lead a little colony of his country-
men to America in 1794. Dr. Rogers, pastor of
the First Baptist church of Philadelphia, gave him
a cordial welcome on bis arrival, and soon his elo-
(pience gathered throngs wherever it was known
that he would preach. He traveled extensively
through the Southern and Western States pro-
claiming the blessed gosjiel, and gathering converts
into the kingdom. In connection with Dr. Ben-
jamin Rush he bought a large tract of land in
Pennsylvania, which he called Cambria, after his
native Wales. In 1798 he took bis own family
and a company of his countrymen to the new settle-
ment. He located at Beulab, and became pastor
of the church formed there. He subsequently re-
moved to Somerset, in the county of that mime,
where be died Sept. 17, 1804. Ho was married to
a daughter of Col. Benjamin Loxley, a distinguished
officer of the Revolution ; and he was the father-
in-law of Dr. Nicholas Murray (Kirwan), of Eliza-
beth, N. J., and Dr. Benjamin Rush was his special
friend.

Rhees, Morgan John, Jr., D.D., was born

at Somerset, Pa., Oct. 25, 1802. On reaching
twenty-one he studied law under the celebrated
David Paul Brown, of Philadelphia, smd after being
called to the bar be soon secured a respectable stand-
ing in his profession. In 1827 the Saviour found
him, and "chosen of him ere tinn; began, he chose
him in return," and was Ijaptized into the fellow-
ship of the First Baptist cluirch of PliJladelphia.
He was ordained in September, 1829. His first
fields of labor were Bordentown and Trenton.
While in New Jersey he assisted in the formation
of the State Convention for missions, and was its
secretary from its organization until he left the
State. In 1840 he accepted the invitation of its
board to become correspomUng secretary of the
Bajdist Publication Society. In February, 1843,
he took charge of the Second Baptist church of
Wilmington, Del. ; of this church he retained the
oversight for seven years, during which be baptized
nearly 300 persons. In 1850 he became pastor of

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RHODE ISLAND

977

RHODE ISLAND

tlie Fii-st chiu'cli ol' Williiuiislnirp;, N. Y., where lie
died Jan. JT), 18J3. He iccoivod tlio dc{;i-eu of
Doctor of niviiiity from the University of Itnciie.sti'r
in 1.S52.

Dr. Kheus was j^reatiy blessed in every |iastonite,
mid he rendered vahndile scrviee.s to the I'ubli-
ciilioii Society. His calls to chnrL'hes seeking' the
heat gifts were nnnjerons. Ili- had a line intcdlei-l,
tlie polish oC u i^tuitlenian, the courage of a brave
man, the piety of a saint, and the tenderness of a
wuiiian. He was loved by many hundreds while
he lived, and his memory is still revered Ijy the
uhurches for which he laliored, and by many ad-
miring friends.

Rhode Island Baptists. — To most Baptists the

evidence is conclusive that the l''irst Baptist church
of Providence, formed in IGo'J, is the oldi'st Bap-
tist church in Jihode Island, and the first churcii
of our denomination in America. Roger Williams
was bapti/,ed by Kzi'kiel lloUiman in March, ltJoS-',l,
and about tliat time the First churcli of Providence
was founded. Soon after the origin of this church,
as Baptists generally believe, the First church of
Newport was organized. John Clarke, iNI.D., came
from England in 10.'!7, and not long after, taking
up his residence in Newport, he became the public
instructor of a congregation out of which, in 164 I,
according to tradition, a church was formed "on
the- scheme and principles of the Baptists.'' (For
the arguments favoring ]G3fi as the time when this
church was founded, see article on Tut; Fiusr
Chuiicii of Neh'i'ort, R. I.) Rev. Dr. Henry
Jackson says of this church, "It occupied u high
rank in the community, and drew members from
towns remote."

Tlie second church in Newport was established
in 165G. These three communities comprised all
the regular Baptist churches in Rhode Island for
many years. The next in age are the churches in
Richmond, Warwick, and East Greenwich, consti-
tuted in 1743, E-^ieter in 1750, Warren in 1704, and
Shoreham in 1780. Rhode Island is everywhere
permeated by Baptist jjrineiples, and churches of
tlie deiioinination are found in all parts of the
State. The rights of conscience are everywhere
respected, and jirotected by public opinion and
legislative enactments.

There arc three Associations of Baptist churches
in Rhode Island, the iddest being the Warren,
formed in 1707 ; the ne.\t in the order of time is
the Providence, formed in 1843 ; and the third the
Narragan.sett, foriiifMl in 1850. The last report of
the ^Varren Assoi.-ialion, in 1 SSI), gives '-!1 churches,
i;4 ordained ministers, and 403(3 members. In the
Providence Association there are 15 churches, 21
ordained ministers, and a membership uf "'.153.
The Narragansett Association has 24 churem-,'^. 20
ordained ministers, and a membership of 3S5(I.

There are 00 churches, with I0,cS3'.J members, in
Rhode Island. The Rhode Isla'nd Baptist State
Convention was made a corporate body by an act
td the (Icjieral Assembly, passed in October, 1S2(),
and is authorized to bold in trust an amount not
exceeding S30(.),0l)U. The Convention gave to feeble
churchi's ill the State nearly ^251)0 during the year.
The Rhode Island Baptists contriliuled funds for
the education of ministers from 17'.t2; the plan for
starting a society for this purpose originated with
Preside'iit Manning, and two months after his
decease it was submitted to the AVarren Associa-
tion by Rev. Dr. Stillman, of Boston. Up to
ISIG tlie concerns of ministerial education formed
a part of the regular business of the Association.
In that year a separate education society was
formed, at which time there was placed in the
treasury, in the form of Ijaiik stock, the sum of
i?lS0O, from which amount various sums have
been withdrawn, until there now remains §1350.
Some of the most distinguished Baptist ministers
in the country have been among the nearly 150
beneliciaries who have been aided by this society.
The Baptists of Rhode Island legally [iroclaimed
absolute religious liberty for men of all creeds when
no government in the world but the one which they
controlled pretended to confer such a boon, or re-
garded it as either wise or just to give it. Roger
Willianis, in his " Bloudy Tcnent," defended this
doctrine of bis Baptist fathers in the faith with a
]iower which no mind governed by intelligence
could [lermanently resist, and iinally that doctrine
swept from the statute Ijooks of American perse-
cuting States every intolerant enactment. The
freedom of conscience demanded by Roger Wil-
liams has effected a greater change in the relations
between Churcli and State on this continent than
the Declaration of Independence, the armies of the
Revolution, and the Constitution of tiie United
States have made in the secular liberties of this
great republic. A moral cable, stretching from
the Teacher of Nazareth, in Palestine, across the
ages, the countries, and the oceans, kept in order
by our Baptist fathers of all preceding Christian
time, to whom it communicated its blessed news,
landed at Providence, R. I., in lfi3G. Roger Wil-
liams received and put in circulation its divine dis-
patches, and b)' tlie authority of the King Eternal,
immortal and invisible, demanded liberty for all
men to pay their devotions to Deity, without State
laws commanding or prohibiting religious wor-
ship. All Rhode Island vecoivcil and obeyed the
divine message coming through this glorious cable.
Baptists everywhere respected it, and now our whcde
country lias yielded obedience to the heavenly teach-
ing. And, as Rhode Island was the American
landing-place of this blessed cable, and her Baptist
people the interpreters and propagators of its pre-

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RHODES

978

nicic

cious coiuiniinications, we would honoi- tlieiii as tlie
best IVieruls of Amui'ictaii lil)(;i'ty anil of tin: uni-
versal i-iglils of men. (For fiirtlier information
aboiU lilioile Island, see avtieies on Fiiisr IJaI'Tist
OuDiicn oi'' I'ltoviDENfK, First I'luiiicJi of Mm\-
j'oitT, 'I'm; AVauhfn' Uactist Oiiukiii, Uinjon
Island am> tiii; American Kevoi.ution, James
Manning, l).l>., Bkou'n Univehsiti', and Tni;

HiiOWN FaMII.V, or I'liOVlOKNCE.)

Rhodes, Rev. Christopher, wa.s bom May 2(),
IMlII. His parents were James K. and iMary A.
lliiodes. At tlie date of liis birtli they were mem-
iiers of tlio First einireli, Providence, 11. I. Ilis an-
oestors bad been in the State from its earliest settle-
ment, lie was baptized in Felnaiary, IHo',), and
united with the Third ehureli. After pnrsnini^ a
collegiate eonrse nntil 1X4;'), be was licensed to
preach, and at once commenced a sm'ios of .revival
services, assisting ehnrches in Rhode Island ami
Massachusetts. His lirst charge was the church in
Allendale, near Pi-uvidence. He assisted in organ-
izing this chnrcli, and was ordained its (irst pastor
in May, lS5l). The snbsecpnuit jjastorates of Mr.
Khodcs have been I'hoenix cluirch, Warwick,
11. I., 185J-01 : Stewart Street ehnrch, Provi-
dence, 1861-1)4 ; First ehnrch. South Kingston,
18(34-6(1 ; Stanton Street, N. Y., 1866-74 ; Central
church, AV'illiamsbnrg, 1874 to (irescnt date'. Dur-
ing these years he has devoted himself almost ex-
clusively to pastoi-al Wcnd<, and be has received
many evidences of the divine blessing. Through
his preaching converts have Ijecn added to the
churches, and he has had great success in building
up weak interests and relieving them from tinancial
embarrassment. Mr. llhodes is a strong man men-
tally and physically, and one wdiosc counsel is
belli in high esteem by ministers and churches.

Rhodes, Gen. Elisha Hunt, sim of ('a|it. Flisha

II. and Kli/.a (( -base) lihodi'.--, was born in Paw-
tuxut, K. I., March 21, 1842 -, had an academical
education; entered the Union army as a corporal
m June, 1861 ; was with his regiment in most of
the great battles in Virginia; rose to be the col-
onel of the 2d U. I. Inf. Keginient; In-evetted brig-
adier-general for gallant conduct; since the war
has tilled some of the highest olTices in the (irand
Army of the Kepuljlic ; is collector of United States
revenue liir the district of Rhode Island ; brigadier-
general of the militia force of Jlhodc Island ; a mem-
ber of the Central liaptist church in Providence,
K. I. ; a man of talent and sterling worth.

Rice, Rev. Francis, was born in Logansport,
Ind., Nov. 27, 1S5IS. His family came to Kansas
in the year 1858, settling at Oskaloosa, Jell'erson
(Jo. In JXb.') they n^noved to Topeka, where he
received his education. He passed through the
regular classic course at Washburn College. He
also took a business course in a commercial college

in the same city, employing for this purpose his
summer vacations. He was liaptizial, and united
with the Fiist Baptist church of Topeka in Jan-
uary, I.S7II. He had experienced conversion several
years before, when about the age of eleven. He
became interested in the Sunilaj'-sehool, and did
what he could in the Master's cause, but had no
serious thought of entering the ministry until
January, 1877, wdien be received an invitation to
visit the church at Valley Falls, and he was or-
dained their pastor ^lay Ki, 1877. His ministry bus
been attended by good results. He has been for sev-
eral 3'ears clerk of the Missouri River Association.
Rice, Rev. John, was born in Viiginia in 1759.
He removed to Kenlurky ; was baptized and brought
into the ministrv at (iilbert's Creek church, in Gar-
rard Co., Ky. He was a cinislituent (d' Shawnee
Run, for a long time the largest church south of
the Kentucky River. Of this church, in Mercer
County, he was yiastor from its organization, in
1788, till bis death, March !'.), 1843. He was emi-
nent among the pioneers of Kentucky, and greatly
beloved for his piety, faith, and usefulness.

(iEN. EI.ISIIA IIDN'I' IIIIOOES.

Rice, Rev. Luther, was bom in Northborough,
Worcester Co., Mass., Mai'cb 2.'j, 1780. His iiarents
were members of the Congreuational Church, his
mother being a wonuiu of riMiiarkable intellectual
vigor. He attended the public schools of the neigh-
borhood, and was apt in aci|uiring knowlc^dgo.
Wliih,' .sjill a mere youth, the wonderful self-re-
liance, for wdiich he was always distinguished, dis-
played itself; for, at the age of sixteen, he entered

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RICE

979

RICK

iiitn .'I ciiMtruct to visit the Stato of Oeorgiii to assist
ill (ilitiiiiiiiig tiiiibor I'oi- sliip-biiiidiim;, without oon-
siiltiiiL; liiw [nin^Mtti, anil wiis ab.seut six months.
Soon uftur this ho liociiiiio i;i'catly coiicenied about
liis soul, und siiH'oi-cd tlie aoutest mental agony lui-
many moiilhs. At tliu a^o of nineteen, in .March
of 181)2, he united with the church 'at Nortli-
boroniih. lie was from the beninniiiji; a most con-
sistent and active (Ihristiau worker. He infused a
new and liij^lier typo of piety into his own family
and the church, and made it a special duty to C(jn-
verse freiiueutly with the impenitent. lie Avas
from the start of his (Jhristian career deeply in-
terested in missions and missionary i)uhlications.
During all this time he Avas hihoring upon his
father's farm. His mind was now directed to the
(.'hristian ministry, and ho resolved to secure a Col-
legiate and theological education. He spent three
years at Leicester Academy, and paid his ('.xpenses
liy teaching school during the vacations and giving
lessons in singing at night. lie made such rapid
progress at the academy that he was able to com-
plete his collegiate course in three years, having
entered Williams I'ollege, Mass., in Oetoherof
iy07. AVhile in college he became deeply inter-
ested in missions, ami he infused the same enthu-
siasm into the minds of his friends, .Mills and
lliehards. in a letter, written iMareh IS, 1811, he
says, " I have deliberately made up my mind to
[ireaeli the gospel to the heathen." A society of
inquiry on the subject of missions was formed
through his instrumentality, and about the same
time a branch society at Andover Seminary, where
Jiulson and his friends caught the now awakening.
They must preach the gospel to the pagan nations,
.hidson, Nott, .Mills, Newell, Kichards, and llice
prepared a memorial to the (ioneral Association
of all the evangelical ministers of Massachusetts,
conveneil at Bradford in I8l0, urging the |)ressing
claims of the heathen, and asking an appointnn^nt
in the East. The names of Uichanis and Rice were
omitted from the memorial at its presentation, the
number being so large. Tin! result of these cll'orts
was the formation of the American Board of Com-
missioners for Foreign Missions; ami, later, the
IJaptist fJeneral ronveiition of 1X|4, the Anieriean
Bible Soeii.'ty, the Amerlean Tract. Society, the
Baptist General Tract Society, the Ooliimliian Col-
lege, the Newton Tlieoloi^ieal Seminary, anil other
kindred organizations. Judson, Nott, Mills, and
Newell were appointed by the board as mission^
aries, llice and Itiehards being omitted. But Rice
had set his heart upon going, and he was permitted
to do so upon the condition that he would himself
raise the money necessary Ibr his ontlit and his
jiassage, which ho did within a few days. Hasiii::
been previously licensed, he, with his companions,
was ordained at the Taliernacle church, Salem,

JNIass., Feb. f), 1812, and sailed from I'hiladelphia,
February 18, in the packet " Harmony," destined
for India. l>r. Judson and wife, who had sailed
from Sahun, having changed their minds on the
subject of lia|)tism, were baptized by Dr. Carey
soon afti-'r their arrival at (.'alcutta ; and iMr. Rice,
having also been led, after a thorough investiga-
tion, to change his views on the same subject, was
also baptized, on Nov. 1, 1812, by Mr. Ward, a few
weeks after IMr. and Jlrs. Judson. C)wing to the
continued and bitter opposition of the English au-
thorities in India, Mr. Rice concluded to sail for
the Isle of France, and thence to the United States,
to adjust his relations with the Cmigregational
board, to enlist the Baptist churches in the cause
of missions, and to recruit his health. He arrived
at New York, Sept. 7, 1813 ; went immediately to
Boston, and commiuiieated with the board, who,
howevei-, received him witii much coldness, and,
rather rudely, dissolved his relations with them-
selves. Mr. Rice now completely identitied him-
self with the Baptists. At a consultation, in Bos-
ton, it was determined to appoint him an agent to
visit all parts- of the connlry, and enlist churches
and individuals in the cause, llejonrneyed through-
out the entire length of the country, and met with
the most encouraging success. Delegates were ap-
jjointed from all )iarts of the land to meet for con-
I'ereiice, and on the 18th of May, 1814, a larg^o
number assembled at I'liiladelphia, Dr. Richard
I'urinan presiding. After several days' deliberation
the (Jeneral Convention of the Baptist Denomina-
tion in the United Statc-s for Foreign ^Missions was
formed, that organization which has aecomplished
so much in heathen lands for the glory of Cod and
tiie good of men. On his .Southern tour IMr. Rice
collected about ifloOU, made arrangements for fu-
ture contributions, and organized about twenly mis-
sionary societies, and throughout the country about
seventy societies. At the meeting of the 'i'riennial
Convention in I'hiladetfihia, in 1817, he re[iorted
that ho had traveled, during a very short time, 7800
mill's, eollecteil nearly S'>700, and aroused a warm
interest in missions everywdiere. These journeys
were " through wildernesses and over rivers, across
mountains and valleys, in heat and cold, by day
and by night, in weariness and iiainfulness, and
fastings and loneliness."

To Mr. Rice, more than to any other man, is due
the awakened regard in ministerial education.
He was deeply interesteil in the school opened in
Philadelphia, under Staiighton and Chase, jbr the
instruction of young men for the ministry. Eigh-
teen were in course of |)reparation there. Ho
urged the founding of a college at Washington,
I). C, and through his elforts forty-si,x and a half
acres were puichased adjacent to the city of Wash-
ington, and a building capable of accommodating

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9.S0

inCllAUDS

eiglity students was begun. The Convention took
the new institution undni' its supervision, and in
the report made to tlie Oi)nv(Mitiun in 1S21, there
was set forth a most gratil'viii;^ stateniciit ol the
]irou;ross of the ecdiege. .Mr. Kii-e was appointed
its agent and ti'easun.'r. Ahout this time he origi-
nated the C'utuiiibian S/iir, puhlislied at Wasliing-
ton. Still serving as luissiuiiary ilg<Mit, his addi-
tional lal)ors as agent for the college were over-
whelming. Dillieulties arosi^ ; the e.xpoiises of llie
college were not met; and Mr. Kieewas prostrated
by sickness arising out of his terrilile anxieties.
Tile College seemed threatened witii ruin in its
very inception. A warm discussion arose in the
Convention which met in 1820, and it was deter-
mined then to separate the educational moveiucnt
from the niissiouaiy operations. Other linancial
agents were appointed hy the college, but Mr. Ivice
still collccteil mciiiey for its funds, and labored
earnestly with an .unshaken failli in its linal suc-
cess ; and before lie died he had the pleasure of
seeing his wishes partially fuUilled. Mr. llice sac-
rificed Ids life for the welfare of the institution
which he originateil, and which he iovcd so well.
During a collecting tour through the South he was
taken seriously ill, and soon after died at the hfiuse
of his friend, Dr. Mays, Sept. 25, 1S3(). He was
buried at I'oint Pleasant chur(di, Edgefield District,
8. C. The fnllowing is the memorial inscription on
the marble slab erected by the l!aptist Convtuition
of the State of South Carolina, written by men who
knew him well andjoved him dearly for his self-
denying labors in the cause of Christian missions
and ministerial education ;

Jlarcli 2.'>tli,

A.D. nsa.

I

Bciieiith [liiij ijiarljlo

Are ili'[M)^i(t!ii the rL-niiiiiia of

EMlt liUriiKit Kn.E,

/ Did
-^ Supt'r 25th,
I A.D. 1m;iu.

A iiiinisterof Chriut, uf the IJ.ijitist Doimminatiun.

lltj wiiH n imtivf uf Nortlihuro", 3IiisH;nliiwett.s,

And di'iuutcil this lifo in lul^t-tk^M Di^strict, S. C.

In the death of thiji iliHtingiiisluMl tiorviint uf the Lonl, " is a great

iiiiiii liillc'U ill I:^ruul."

riiuii he.

Porhupsno American hnsilone
inoro fur the great filibdiurmry
Pinterpi iso.

It in tlimight tho fliht Araeri-
caii Foi'i-igii Ml&uiuii, on whiih
he went to India, aHsociutetl
with Juduun and otliurs, origi-
nated with him.

And if tho Burmans liavo
cauau of gratitude towards Jud-
»uu, for a faithful voralou uf
God'a Word, so they will thro'
gencratiutiB to come " an tie up
and catl Kice bleuHod ;" for it
wntj his cluquiMit iippfals for
the Iteutlien, on hid return to
America, which rniHod uur IJap-
tidt churches U) adopt thu Itiir-
uian I^Ii^:4ion and HUHtain Jnd-
uon in hib ardui>ub l<.'ilH.

No liajitidt has done more for
the caiiMu of educatiun. lie
founded the "Oolmnhian Col-
lege, in the District of Coliiui-
hia," wltich he bonevulcntly iii-
tendiMl, hy its central pusiiiun,
to dill lu-io knowledge, L'otli litci-
Hry and religiuus, thrmigli these
United Stiitca. And if for want
of deserved patronage tliat un-
fortunate IriHtitutioti, which
was the apci-jal suhject uf hin
prayers and toils for (ho last
Jifli-eii years of hia life, fail lu
fulfil thu high pur])o>fu of its
founder, yet the spirit of edu-
cation awakened hy his lahnr>
slialt uccouiplisli his m^bh-
aim.

Luther Kice,

With a portly person and comnianding presence,

Combined a strung and briltiant intellect.

As a theutiigiau be was oi tlmdox ;

A bcliolar, his etiucation was libeiul.

He was an olmjuunt and ]uiwurJul piearhor;

A tidf-denyiiig and imletutigable pliilunthropi&t.

His frailties with liis diiwt uie eiitmnbi^d ;
And iipun tlte walls of Zioii his virtues engiaven.

Jty onler of the Bajilist CunventiMU tor the State of .Suuth Carolina,

This niDnuinont is erected

To His jMemury.

His love fi).v tliti Coliiiiiliiiiii College is 8ecn in Iiis
(lyiii;^ request, — '^ Send my .sulky, and horse, luid
))a<j;^uge to Brotlier Brooks, with direetions to send
tlieiii to Brother Sherwood, and say that all belong to
(he eolltyc.^^

As a preacher, Mr. Hire was rarely excelled. He
was dignified in appearaiioe, and imusiially attrac-
tive in his style. His yeriiuMis were characteristic-
ally doctrinal, and wei,^hty in i'lindamcntal truths.
He was eminently jilted also in prayer. He wrote
a work on Ba])tisin, wliich, however, was not pub-
lished. He was elected in 1815 to the presidency
of Transylvania University, at Lexington, Ky., and
also to that of Georgetown College, Ky., both of
which he declined, as the two great olijects of his
life— missions and ministerial education — absorbed
all the energies of his soul and body.

Rice, Rev. Thomas Moor, a distinguished
preacher and ediuNitur, was Ijurn in Jessamine Co.,
Ky., Dee, 7, IT'J-. lie was a soldier in the war
of liS12-15, and soon after its close united with the
iMethodist Church, and became a circuit preacher.
After a few years he was conipellcd to desist from
regnhir preaching on account of |)hysical disability.
Mr. Kice was a linguist aiul mathematician, and
adojited the profession of a teacher, and became
very successful. Hi 1838 he was elected to the
chair of Mathematics in (leorgetown College, but
declined the position, and remained the teacher of
a private school. He continued to exercise \ns
gifts as a local preacher among the Methodists,
and engaged in several public delnites on religious
doctrines, one of which was with President Fan-
ning, a distinguished Campbellite preacher of Ten-
nessee. About 1839 he decided to |ireacli an argu-
mentative sermon on the '' mode of baptism." In
his preparation he becameconvinced that iminersinn
alone was Scriptural baptism, and soon afterwards
united with tlie Baptist church at Pleasant Grove,
Ky., and was ordained to the ministry. He served
two Baptist churches until his death, which oc-
curred Oct. 3, 1S42.

Richards, Rev. Humphrey, was born in Row-
ley, Mass., Sept. 17, 1S1^. Having completed his
preparatory studies, he entered Brown Hnivei'sity
in 1833. A\''hile in college he became a Christian.
Ill healtii obliged him to abridge his cottrse of
study. H was a sad disappointment to him to be

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incnAnDH

981

lilCJlAh'DS

coin|)ello(l to renounce liis long clierisliod Iiopi'S
and give up the plans of years ; for lio wiis a good
sclioiar, anil wiis distinguislied in liis class. Having
spent a year at the Sullleld Literary Institution,
Oonn., lie entered upon a course of theological study
at Hamilton, N. Y., which lie completed in 1.S42.
lie was ordained pastor of the J'^irst Baptist
church, Springfield, Mass., May 10, 1S43, where
lie renniiried throe years. Ue liecame pastor
of the First Baptist church in Dorchester, Mass.,
in the suiunierof l.S-15. This relation ho sustained
to the people, who were warmly attached to him,
for eight years. Long continued application to his
ministerial and pastoral work told at last on a con-
istitution never strong, and lie declined i-apidly, and
passed away Sept. 4, 1.^54. Ilis ministry was fruit-
ful for good, especially in building up his church
in knowledge and in the graces of the Christian
character.

Richards, Rev. James, was hom Jan. 28, ls()4,
at Llaiiddarog, (.'armarthenshire, Wales. He liegan
preaching about the year 181'J. He received his
theological training at Ilorton, now I'awdijn, Col-
lege, under the presidency of Dr. Steadiiian. Hi'
had not been long in the ministry before his rejui-
tation as a preacher of the first rank was estab-
lished. His style was exceedingly ornate. AVith
a weak voice and quiet manner, he was nevertheless
thrillingly eloipient. A volume of his sermons has
recently been published, which amply sustains the
reputation which he enjoyed. His principal pastor-
ates during a long and useful life were Fishguard,
I'emhrokeshire, and Pontyprydd, Monmouthshire.
He departed this life Sept. 22, ISOT.

Richards, Rev. William, LL.D., was bom in

South Wales in 174y, and cducatodat Bristol Col-
lege. He became pastor of the Baptist church in
Lynn, England, in 177'J, whore he spent the rest of
his life, thuugli only about half the time as pastor
of the church, lie died in l.sl.S.

Dr. Richards was deeply learned in English and
Welsh history, and in other departments of litera-
ture. His talents and culture were of eminent
importance to his brethren in the Biitish Islands
in defending their principles against I'edobaptist
assailants. He sympathized with our llovolution-
ary fathers so strongly that lie expressinl a pref-
erence for the union of Wales (his country) with
the United States rather than with the British em-
pire. He was the author of several works of great
value.

Brown University conferred upon him the degri>e
of Lli.lJ. Ill accordance with a pur]iose which he
formed more than a quarter of a century before his
death, he left liis library of 1300 volumes to Brown
University. This treasure enriches our oldest col-
lege to this day.

Richards, William C, A.M., Ph.D., was born

Nov. 24, ISIS, in London, England. His father
came to this country in 1S;H, and settled in Hud-
son, N. Y., as pastor of the Baptist church. There
the son joined the church in ISo^, and in 1834 en-
tered Hamilton Institution with a view to the min-
istry, from which he was graduated in 184(1. In 18f)9
Madison University conl'erred upon him its first
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, upon the occasion
of his delivering the semi-cenleiinial poem. After
his graduation he wont South, and was for ten
years engaged in literary and scientilic and edu-
cational work in Georgia.

In 1840 he transferred his literary elTorts to
Charleston, S. C, and became associated thcle with
the Soiilheni Qiiaiteilij lieview. In 1852 he re-
turned to the North, with the understanding that
he should at length enter the ministry. After two
or three years of varied work he began to preach,
and early in 1855 he went to Providence, U. I., as
associate ])astor of the First Baptist church. He
was (u-dained in Now York in July of that year.
Resigning his position in Octoljer, he was pressed to
acci^pt the charge of a now interest to be iinniodiately
formed in the city, and for seven years was pastor
of the Brown Street Bajitist church. In 1802 his
health failed. He then began his public lectures
on physical science, which have since engrossed
the most of his time. From 1865 to the end of
1SG8, however, he was pastor of the Baptist church
in Pittstield, Mass., and while residing in Berkshire
was elected Professor of Chemistry in the Berk-
shire Medical College, and tilled tlie chair for two
years.

In 1870 he removed to Chicago, and was pastor
there for a year, but he was constrained reluctantly
to i-esume his scientific work. His literary labors
have been varied and voluminous. In 1850 he
prepared the memoir of Oov. Briggs, of Massachu-
setts. He had previously publishrd " Harry's Va-
cation," a very suocessfiil book on every-day science
for the young. Ilis contributions to the leading
magazines of prose and verse are numerous. He
has printed several anniversary and college poems.
His editorial labors have covered, at intervals, a
period of forty years, and for four years past he
has been connected with the Chicago StanddrJ.
In aildition to his popular lectures — chielly under
the auspices of the Young Men's Cliristian Asso-
ciation from the Atlantic to the Mississippi — he has
preached twice nearly every Sabbath, and frequently
at night, to large assemblies on religion and science.

Richards. Zalmon, A.M., was born at Cum-

minglon, Mass., Aug. II, ISU, and gradiiati'd at
Williams College, in the same Slate, in' 18o0.
Being interested in the cause of education, he has
devoted much of his life to teaching. He was at
one time jirincipal of the (jiimmiugton Academy,
Mass., of the Stillwater Academy, N. Y., and sub-

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lilCnAUDSON

9.S2

RICHMOND

sequently of tlie preparatory siliool uf tlie Colum-
bian Collcgu. At prpsi'iit lio ia principal of tlio
Ecluutic , .Soiiiiiiary, in WMsliini^Km City, 1>. C.
Mr. Riclianls was tlio first prcsidiMit of the Na-
tional J'Miicational A.swooiation, ami also of tlio
VoLiiig iMoii's Cliristiaii Association of ^Vasllinl^-
ton. lie Inis contrilniti;il various articles to tlu:
American Jimriud of h\liicu/ivn, and also to other
periodicals, lie lias also filled various inuniei|iiil
olliees, Muviiij^ lieen president of tlie eoninion council
and ol' llie liiianl of aldeniicn, auditor undiT the
District government, and ihe first superintendent
of public schools in Washington. lie receivini the
^ degree of A..M. in coiir>e IVoiii Williams College.

Richardson, Rev. Horace, a native of New

Hampshire, was born about ISlil); guve liims(df
to Christ, ami w;is liapti/.ed in his youth. lie
graduated with honor at Dartmouth College in
1S41, and from Newton in 1844, and was ordained
at Keene. N. II., in 1845, where he was pastor one
year. In 1840 he settled at West Acton, Mass.,
and remained pastor there seven years. In 1853
he arrived in California, and spent twelve years in
teaching and preaching at various places. In 18G5
he was appointed general distriluiting agent of the
American J5ible Society, and spent ten years in
that service. He distributed personally over sixty
tons of lliljle.s, preaching everywlierc in the desti-
tute regions, doing the work of an evangelist, and
leading many to Christ. He died at lirooklyn,
I^Iarch 15, 187t).

Richardson, Rev. J. B., was bom in Mont-
gomery Co., iS'. C-., June 10, 183'J ; was baptized
by Dr. Wingate, at Wake Forest College, in 1857 ;
graduated at ^\'ake Forest College in 1802; was
ordained at Lilesville in 1802, his father. Rev.
Noah Richardson, llev. John Monroe, and Kev.
15. G. Covingtoti constituting the I'resliytery ; was
nearly four years corresponding seoretarj' of the
State Convention, and has been pastor of Greens-
borough, High I'oint, and (.'atawba eluirches. Mr.
Richardson is widely known and greatly beloved
by his brethren.

Richardson, Prof. JohnF., was Imrn in Oneida
Co., N. \., in February, 1808 ; was a graduate of
Madison University and its Professor of Latin for
fifteen years. In 1850 he ai'cepted the same chair
in the University of Rochester, where he remained
until his death, Feb. I 1, 1808. He was the author
of a work entitled '• The True Roman Orthoepy,"
f(U- wliicli the Right Honorable W. K. Gladstone,
\ now I'rime Minister of Great Britain, and one of

the finest scholars in En'.'land, thanked him in an
autograph letter. Prof Richiirdson was eminently
a learned man, of great refinement, and of superior
qualilieations for imparting instruction.

Richardson, Rev. Noah, was born in Moof
Co., N. C, June 3U, ISOl; was converted undL-r

the ijreaehing of the celebrated Robert T. Daniel ;
baptized by Rider Farthing, and ordained in 1827
by Elders Swaim and llymer. His father dieil
when he was a child. His reading was extensive,
and his lalcnts superior. His control over an
aiiilieiice was sometinn^s wonderful, and many are
the trailitions of his extraordiimry powers as a
pulpit orator. He preai-hed I'm- I'orty-live years,
and his great popularity is evidenced by the fact
that for twenty-seven successive years he was
elected to ]u-each on Sunday at the sessions of his
Association.

I)r. James JIcDaniel, of Fayetteville, and Mr.
Richardson were devoted friends, and in delivering
his funeral sermon, Dr. McDaniel said, '' That in
his prime Nonh Richardson was the best preacher
in North Candina."

lie was especially' elTective in revival meetings,
and is said to have baptized thousands during tiio
long course of his ministry. He died May 9, 1807.
He left a son. Rev. J. B. Richardson, who was for
several years corresponding secretary of the Baptist
State Convention.

Richardson, Rev. Phineas, was born in Me-
thuen, Mass., Feb. 2, 1787. When he was seven-
teen years of age he was baptized by Rev. Joshua
Bradley, and united with the church in London-
derry, N. H. He longed to be able to jireach the
gos]iel, but many years passed before his wish was
gratilieil. He studied for a time with Rev. Jere-
miah Chaplin at Danvers, and was ordained at
Jlctluien in Novemljor, 1817. His first pastorate
was in Gilmanton, N. H., where he commenced hhs
labors in INIarch, 1818, and continued as the minis-
ter of the church for eighteen years. After acting
as a missionary for the Convention for two years,
he was instrumental in gathering a church in Hol-
lis, of whieii he was the pastor for eleven years.
Ho was then pastor of the church in New Hamp-
ton, N. H., for four years. The hist two years of
his life were passeil in Lawrence, Mass., where he
died in January, 1800. During his long ministry
he was honored of Goil, as the instrument id' doing
a good work for the i\Iaster whom he delighted to-
serve.

Richmond College. — Virginia Baptists, very
soon after the wiir of inde|jendence, began to con-
sider the question of founding a seminary of learn-
ing. In 1778 a committee was appointed to further
the scheme, and upon their recommendation, in
1703, the General Committee of the Denomination,
which had charge of the nnitter, appointed trust(tes
to carry in'io eilect what hiid been jiroposed. For
some cause, however, no practieiil solution of the
ipi(!stion was found, and whih^ from time to lime
the subject was agitated, still it was not until 1830
that an earnest and successful effort was made to
establish a school of high griide, which should be

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RICILMOND

983

RICHMOND

uiiiliM' tlie coiitnil of I5a|itist.s, aiid which sliouhl 1)0
used directly to lulvuin/e the iiiterests of tlicir spe-
cial woik ill the State, 'I'he (iruenil Association
met, in liichnioiid in June, 18110, and it was while
this liody was in session that the IVieiuls of educa-
tion met, and, after free discnssion, organized the
V'irj;iiiia T!a|jtist Kdiication Sucicty. The jirinie
consideration which |ii()ni|ited the movement was
the necessity I'clt on all sides liy the churches for
tho improvement of their rising ministry.

During the first and second j'ears of the opera-
tions of tlie society thirteen young men were re-
ceived for instruction. These were placed in pri-
vate schools. At tho close of the second year it
was found that the number of students would l)c
considerably increased, and that the location of the
school witii ]iermauent tcacdicrs was therefore ne-
cessary. Accordingly, a farm was jmrchased, and
the institution assumed the name of the

VIRGINIA BAPTIST .SEMINAKY.

The location of the seminary was about five
miles from Kichniond. It was opcniid on the 4th of
July, lJ>r)"2, under l!cv. llohert Rylaiid. The scheme
of student training combined manual with intellec-
tual labor. An op]iortunity occurring soon after
for securing a more eligible site for tho seminary,
in the most beautiful section of the western suburbs
of Richmond, it was removed to the [jrosent loca-
tion of the college. From this time, under the ju-
dicious and efficient m-.magement of its principal,
upon wdiom, from the iuccjition of the enterprise,
had devolved an unusual share of anxious solicitude
and self-denying labor, the number of students,
which before had been comparatively small, rap-
idly increased. Of these, numy have become
widely influential and useful ministers of the gos-
pel, some at home, others in foreign lands, while
others still as teachers, members of the legal and
medical professions, and men of business, Iiave won
an honorable reputation in their several vocations.

KICIIMOND COLI-EGE.

Desiring still further to enlarge tho influence
and usefulness of the institution, its founders ap-
plied to the (Jeneral Assemlily of the State for a
college charter, wdiich, in IS-ld, thoy secured. Kcv.
Hobert Kyland continued in the presidency under
the new cor[>orate organization. Efforts were made
to secure a permanent endowment with consider-
able success, and the college seemed to be placed
upon a broad and firm foundation, with encour-
aging |ill'ospc'cts of an c.ttendcd and enduring pros-
ferity.

During the recent war the exorcises of tho insti-
tuti<in were suspemled, and the greater piurt of ils
endowment fund lost.

In 1S6G the college was again opened. The

alumni and other friends, sustained by tho warm
love and determined zeal of the dcnouiinatioii
which had foiindt'd the institution in tin; past, .ral-
lied to the support of the li'ustccs, and vigorous
efforts were made to raise the loved school from its
prostrate condition and restore it to more than its
fi)rmer eilicicncy anil usefulness. A good degree
of success has rewanlcd these elforts. 'I'he gifts
of a people suft'ering severely' from a disastrous
war have been freely and generously oll'cred, and
the college, with its present fair but still insiitliciciit

nuiiMONfj coi.i.i;i;e.

equipment, is a monument to the faith, love, and
generosity of that noble brotherhood, the Virginia
Baptists.

In reorganizing the college in ISfit^) the trustees de-
termined to remodel their former plans, and adopted
the organic change which at jircsent marks its suc-
cessful scholastic career. The plan is that of /;ii/c-
penclenl sc/i(j(ilii, of which at present there are eight
in the academic department and a school of law. The
faculty of instruction and government consists of
co-equal professors, one of whom is annually chosen
to be their chairman and chief executive oIKcer.
To theiu as a boily is committed all that pertains
to the" discipline and interior nuiinigcmcnt of the
institution, while each professor is resjiousiblo for
the efiieient conduct of liis own school. Eclecticism
in studies, under certain restrictions, prevails with
satisfactory results. There are five academic de-
grees conferred by the trustees on the recommen-
dation of the faculty, viz., Ibichelor of Literature,
Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Arts, Master of
Arts, and Bachelor of Law. There are also school
diplomas for those who graduate in the school, ami
ceilijicales nf prujiciotaj, promotion, and diatiuditin
when a certain measure of success is attained in
the regular examinaticuis.

It has been the aim of the trustees to secure
superior scholarship in the facnllv, ami tho vigor-
ous, accomplished, and faithful men who compose
the board of instruction have so administered their
trust as to )U'epare their students for and refpiire
.ir their hands a high standard of excellence for
graduation.

Prominent among the many special features of

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RICHMOND

9S4

lilClIMUNl)

the orgiiiiiziitioii and work of this college is the
school of English, with its separate (ii-ofcssor, in
whii;li our niother-tongiK! is carefully and elaho-
rately stuilied.

The college lost her library, museum, anJ appa-
ratus among the other calamities of war, but good
fonndations are already laid for increased excel-
lence in each of these important departments. The
literary societies are vigiirons, and encourage a
worthy emulation in the arts of writing and speak-
ing among the .students.

ENDOWMENT.

The property of the corporation consists of a
most excellent ]ilat of ground just within the cor-
porate limits of the city, sufiiciently ample for
all needed improvements. On this campus there
are buildings well adapted to the purposes of the
college and capable of yet wider extenaion. Be-
sides this realty, which is justly considered very
valuable and eminently adapted to its |)ur|ioso, there
is an invested fund of some S7o,00U, whose ineonu;
is applieil to the purposes of education. 'I'he cor-
poration is not encumbered by debt, the property
is clear and the investments well placed. So that
it may be justly seen that this institution, so long
the pride and hope of Virginia Baptists, is doing
the work of a college, and gives promise of wide
future usefulness.

It is important to notice that amid all the changes
of fortune and the. gratifying development which
has marked its course, there has been no departure
from the plans and purjiuses of its founders. Min-
isters of the gospel are still and must ever be
"privileged students." On the recommendation
of the ]''ducation Uoard of the Baptist General As-
sociation of ^'irginia, all young men having the
ministry in view are received free of all college
fees. The ties which bind the school and the
churches of Virginia are tender and yet powerful.
Purely literary in its work, yet eminently Chris-
tian in all its intluonees, the college meets the ex-
pectations and claims of an enlightiMjcd constitu-
ency, and receives at their hands a united and
cordial support.

Richmond Female Institute. — This excellent

school for young ladies was chartered by the Leg-
islature of Virginia, March 2, 1858. It was a
joint-stock enterprise, and cost, including lot,
buililing, and apparatus, about S70,0U(). Its be-
ginning was remarkably successful. During its
first session of 1854-55 it had 191 students, and
<luring its second session 208. Until the war its
average number. of students annually was alwnt
200, and since that lime about 100. The B(^v. B.
Manly, Jr., was its organizer and first president,
linlding that position during lS.'>4-r)9. . I'rol. » li:is.
II. AN'inston succeeded Dr. Manly, and held thr pci-

sition of president from 1S,'')9 to 1873, during two
years of which jieriod, however, — 18G3-6;"), — the
school was closed in conseciucncc of the war. I'rof.
John Hart held tht presidency from 1873 to 1^78,
since which time Miss Sailie B. Ilamner has filled
the position of principal most successfully. The
institution has been greatly impedeil in its move-
nuMits by pecuniary dillictulties, but still, as an
educational enterprise of the denomination, it h^is
been of incalculable value to the Baptists of Rich-
mond and of the State. Its boarding patronage
has fallen below the expectation of its founders,
because of the competition of cheaper schools in
countr}' districts, but it has always commanded an
excellent day jiatronage, and the snpi.-riority of its
course of instruction has made it an object of in-
terest ami just pride to the denomination. It has
usually had a largo number of accomplished in-
structors, sometimes as many as twenty, and has
aimed to cover the whole period of a girl's educa-
tion from the most elementary studies of the pre-
paratory school to the iriost advanced branches of
the collegiate department. Much attention has
always been given to music and art. The insti-
tute, like the University of Virginia, is made up
of "schools," of which there are eight; and one
can become a "full graduate" only upon the com-
pletion of all the studies of all the sidiools, after a
satisfactory examination. So rigid is the course,
and so thorough the examination, that but com-
paratively few students attain this honor, perhaps,
on an average, only about two each year. As a
consequence, the diplonni of the Iviehmond Female
Institute is held in the highest esteem by those
who have been so faithful as to s(!cure it.

Richmond, Va., First Baptist Church of,

was constituted in 1780, when llichmond was a
village, with a population of about 18U0, half of
whom were Africans?

Its present spacious edifice, on the northwest
corner of Broad and Twelfth Streets, was dcdi-
cate<l Oct. 17, 1841. It was designed by Thomas
U. Walter, Esq., of I'hiladelphia. In 1858 the
seating capacity of this largo meeting-house had
to be increased by adding to the rear about four-
teen feet. The original cost of the building, and
its subsequent enlargement, amount to $49,000.

According to Dr. Burrows (First Centenary of
the First Baptist Church of Uichmond, p. 29),
" This churcli of fourteen members in 1780 has
swelled into nineteen churches in Kichmond and
.Manchester in 1880, witli 10,847 members.'.'

J. B. Hawthorne, D.D., is the present pastor ot
this venerable mother-church.

Richmond Institute, The, for the training of

colored preachers and teachers, is located in the
city of Kichmond, \:\. 'flu; H(!V. Dr. Binncy,
under the jiatronage of the American Baptist Home

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KIUST JlATTJ.Sl (IlLUrll, ItlCHMONU, VA.

63

11 It'll MOM)

98f)

HTCIIMONU

Mission Society, (iiifiu'J in Novembci-, 1S05, a
scliool in tliat city lor tlie |ii-i>piir:iti(>ii of colorcil
men Cor the )iiiiiisti-y, lie lie^'iin with a cla^-s ul'
about twenty-live, \vhoni lie emikl instruct only at
nii^lit. lie roniaineJ in cliarne, liowevcr, Imt a
short time, ami si, on al'tei' returneil to lini-uiah.
The Coniire>s ol' the I'niteil Stafes ehartei'ed, .May
10, ISl'ii), tlic Natiimal Tlieoloilical Institute, a
.-I'liiiiiary, the ohjeet of xvliieh was " the juilieious
tiainiiiL; of men of Oo<l for the Christian njinistry,"
and this eharter, liy an act |jasNeil May 2, ISfJT, was
aniemJeJ, and the name eiianned to that of 'I'he
National Theological Institute and University. Of
this institution the Uev. J. 1>. Fulton, |).I>., was
made president, and the lu'V. .1. W . Parker, D.lt.,
eorres)i(jndin^ secretary. The liev. N. (.'olver,
D.L>., of the Chicago Theological iSeminary, -was
subsequently invited to the presidency of the in-
stitute, which he accepted, and entered upon his
duties .May Ki, IStiT. He leased for three years,
at a rent of ;?U)00 per annniii, the estaljlishment
known as Lumpkin's Jail. The sidiool opened in
its new location with about thirty pupils, two-thirds
of whom were pre|)aring for the niinisiry. The
Uev. ludn'rt Uyland was associated with l>r. Col-
ver in the inan.i!j;i'iiient of the scliool from Septem-
ber, KSb7, to June, l.SliS, when he resigned. Dr.
Colvor, also, resigned in June. I86.S, in conse-
quence of failing health. iMr. t'orey, then in
charge of a similar school at Augusta, (ia., was
invited to take charge of the Itichmoinl Institute,
which iTivitati(Ui he acccjited, entering u[)on his
duties in October, with Miss II. ^V^ (iooihnan as
chief assi.->tant. In November an<l December of
IhbcS a ministers' institute was held, the principal
lecturers being the Rev. Dr. Parker and iMr. Corey ;
it was attended by eighty-one ministers and church
ollicers, in addition to the regular students. During
this winter about sixty pu|iils atteiuled the daily
sessions of the schools, and at night the principal
gave instruction to another class, consisting of
sixty-eight men. During IsG.S the institute passed
into the hands id' the American Baptist lliuiio .Mis-
sion Society, ami .since that time has b.een niidi'r
the care of that society. On the expiration of the
lease of Ijumpkin's Jail, in 1(S70, it became neces-
sary to secure a more permanent location. The
United States Hotel, on the corner of Nineteenth
and Main Streets, was purchased Jan. 2(j, ISTD.and
in the fall of the same year it was occupied by the
school. This building was erected in 1S18, and
was at one time the most fashionable hotel in Ili( h-
moml. It is four stories high, and contains about
fifty rooms. It is said to have cost originally
$110,0(10, and it was purchased for $10,000. The
building needed extensive repairs, and tin sludonts
collected for this ]uirpi>se more than sl'"iO fnmi
the citizens of liicbmoml, white and coluied ; they

also gave of their own means, aTid in addition ren-
dered valuable service by their daily labor on the
building. One hundred and two of the students
suliscribed, each, ;^U)0 to the endowment of the
school, — $10,200, to be paid in inslalincMits. The
entire amount expended in repairing the building
and in fitting up the schocd-roiMus, up to A)iril 1,
l>.7t), was over $10,000. The value of the building
and furniture is estiinaled at S.'!0,00t). Since the
close of the war about $100, tJOll have been exjiended
in building up tln^ school and in carrying on itswork-.
Eight hundred students have enjoyed its idiUM-
tional advantages for a longer or a shorter time.
The library contains about 2iJ00 \'olumes. The
number of students in the institute during 1881 wiis
!2J. The institute has bad o20slndents preparing
for the ministry.

The school lor a time was known as the Colver
Institute, but for satisfactory reasons the more
general name, the lliidimond Institute, was inserted
in the deed which conveyed the |jroperty to the
trustees, and under that name it was incorporated
by an act passed by the (ieneral Assembly of Vir-
ginia Feb. 10, 1870. Dr. Colvur's connection with
the institute continued less than a year. Since
,1808 the Rev. (.'. 11. Corey, D.D., has tilled the
])osition of )H-esideiit. The following jiersons have,
at ililferent tiimus, been its instructors: the Rev.
Robert Ryland, D.D., Miss 11. W. Cuodnian, Rev.
S. J. Neiley, Mr. .Sterling Cardner, Rev. J. E.
Jones, Rev. D. N. \'assar. The following students
have also served, temporarily, as teachers: 1. T.
Armistead, Win. Cousins, 11. ,1. .Medley. A. II.
Cumber, II. 1!. liuiils, II. II. .lolmsun, Chas. J.
Daniel, ;ind .Miss J. J. Tiirpin.

Richmond, Rev. John L., M.D., was born in
Hampshire t'o., .Mass., April .j, 178."). He was
converted at the iigc of thirteen, but did not make
a profession of faith, liceanse there was no llaptist
churcli in the vicinity. He joined the Onondiiga
church in 1802. He studied at home, and gained
a considerable mastery of Latin, Greek, and mathe-
matics. It was his habit to road the New Testa-
ment in tlie Creek. He was ordained in 1817 at
l.'amillus, N. V. He became pastor of East Fork
church, O., in 1818, and of Clougli Creidc church
in 1819. Having already engaged in the jiractice
of medicine, he entered the Ohio Jledical College,
and graduated in 1822. He became a physician
that be might sujiport his family, while be
preached to the feeble churehes. In 1832 be re-
moved to (.'incinnali. practised niedieinp, lectured
in the Ohio IMcdieal ('dllege, and ]ireached as op-
portunity olfered. In 1824 or l82o he |ierformed
the " CfBsarian section," saving the life of the
mother. This is said to be the iirst time that the
o|i(!ratinn was ever iierformeil in this country.
(hiditina Joiirnut i;/' Medicine, July, 1872, also

/<.;.

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RICHMOND

9S7

lUCKKR

)Vestern Jiinnm/ i>l' Mciliiine and I'liysicul Science,
18.jU, vol. iii. p. ■\^'>.) In 18o3 lie removed to
Peiidlotoii, InJ. While livin;:; liere lie |ir(Mclicil
lur the oluirehe.s ol' Full Creek ilikI Ainli'r.soii, und
ediif.iniied the priietice of iiiediciiio. In June, 1835,
lie wiis oiilled to the pastorate ol' the Indianapolis
liaptist chiireh, whieli, to iiso his own laiiiiua^e,
" eoiilained iit that time iil«nit twenty-six availalde
nie'iiiliers." Ileeontinned pastor id' the ehnrch niitil
it was nnitiMl and htroni;, then he re,si!j;ne(l, and was
followed hy liev. (i. (!. f'handler. In 1840 he had
a paralytie stroke, that forhadu his I'urthc^r prac-
tiee of medicine for the time, and in 1847 he re-
moved to (!iiviii;;ton, Ind., and bi^eamo a niemher
of the family of Alliert llcndersmi, his son in-law.
lie was a cummissioned siir^i'on in the war of
1812, and was in serviee on the lakes. lie was a
niemher of the lirst nieetin;r that was ealled to or-
ganize an Indiana Baptist Kduoalion Society, and
was for several years a meniliin- of the hoard of the
Indiana Baptist .Manual Ltihor Institute (al'li'r-
wards Franklin College), lie was a member of
tiio committee appointed to obtain a college char-
ter. He loved to study, iie loved to preach, and lie
proclaimed Christ several times after he became too
feeble to stand. One of his remarks, remembered
by his brethren, is that" tw'enty persons conld sup-
port a pastor if they were willing and united, and a
hnndred could starve him as easil}'." He died in
Covington, Oct. 12, 1855.

Richmond, Va.,- Religious Herald of. — In

the year 182(1 the Uev. Henry Ki!eling commenced
in Iiiclimond the |mlilication of a small monthly
magazine, with but few suhseriliers. At that time
there were only four ]5aptist weekly jouiimls in
the United Static. The magazine was soon merged
in the UcUiJiiius Herulil, which made its first ap-
pearance Jan. II, 1828. 'I'he plan of this paper
originated with Deacon Wm. Crane, who invited
.Mr. AVm. Sands, an Kiiglish (irinter residing in
IJallimore, to assist in establishing it. Of this
jiaper Keeling was the editor, .Sands the printer,
und Grains the financial supportiu'. It was small,
neat, und well conducted. After a short time the
Rev. F,li Ball became the editor, wdio held the posi-
tion, however, only a year or tw'O. 'I'he eilitorial
labor then devolved upon Mr. Sands, wlio, in coii-
sequeni;e of his experience and judgment, as well
us his thorough aequuintiince with the denomin.i-
tioii and its wants, made the paper quite popular.
Its subscribers gradually increased in numbi.'r until,
in 18.57, owing to the feeble iK'ulth of Mr. Sands,
the Uev. Haviii Shaver became associate editor.
Dr. Shaver wielded a fiolislied anil vigorous pen,
and in written argument had but few equals. The
IRiiild continued to grow in favnr, influence, and
pecuniai-y prosperity until the war. J)uring tlie
disasters of that period nearly every religious jour-

nal in the South was suspended. The Herald was
reduced in size to half a sheet, and issued monthly
or semi-monthly; and, on A|)ril 3, 18(i5, when
Uichmoiid fell, the olliee of the lltiuld, with all its
types, papers, and fixturi^s, was burned, its mail-
ing list only esrapiiig the llames. Itev. J. 1>. Jeter,
D.D., and l!ev. A. i;. Dickinson, D.D., puridiased
the subscription list, issued a sperimen number of
the new series Oct. 1'.). I8('i5,and hegan its regular
jiublicution on the llilh of the following month.
The paper was greatly improved in every respect
under their inunageiuent, and was eluiracterized
by an unusually moderate, conservative, and dig-
nified tone. Its eidiimiis for many ye.irs have
advocated peace within our borders, and much
of the frateiTKil feeling which has grown up be-
tween the .N'orthern and the Southern Baptists since
the close cd' the war is due to its kindly und judi-
cious course. As a representative of Baptist doc-
trine it stands among tlie very foremost. It treads
niifaUeringly the old paths, and gives no uncertain
s(nind in the advocacy of gospel truth. Every
good ciiuse receives its cordial and constant sup-
port. The Uev. Drs. Fuller and Furman were, 'for
some years, associate editors of the Herald, and
their elegant and vigorous articles have been i-ead
with delight by multitudes. Its present associate
editors are the Uev. I>r. Broadus, of Louisville;
Dr. Brantly, of Baltimore ; Dr. Ujiham, of Boston ;
and Prof. Puryear, of Itichmond, — all of whom
bring to the pages of the pajier an e.xporience in
uuthorshlp, and ubrilliancy and vigor of style, that
make the Herald one id' the most attractive and in-
structive of our denomiimtioiial journals.

Since the death of Dr. Jeter, Prof. II. H. Harris,
D.U., has become junior editor, and his scholarly
pen increases the attractions of the Herald.

Ricker, Joseph, D.D., was born in Parsons-
field, iMe., June 27, 1814. At the age of fifteen he
was hopefully converted, and was baptized by Rev.
Willard Glover, and became a member of the Par-
sonsficld church. He grainnitcd at Waterville Col-
lege, now Colby University, in the class of 1839.
In May of this year he took the editorial charge
o( Zioii's Adroia/e, in Portland, Me. Having con-
nected himself with the First iiaptist church in
Portland, he was licensed by that cliurcli, in the
spring of 1840, to preach the gospel. He was or-
dained as an evangelist May 12, 1842, and ac-
cepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church
in New Oloiicester, Me., entering upon his duties
Jan. I, 1843. He remained in New ( iloucester be-
tween four and live years, anil then became pastor
of the church in Belfast, Me., where ho continued
until the fall of 1852, when he removed to Wobnrn,
Mass., to take the pastoral charge of the church in
that place. His relation with this church continued
for more than five years. Having resigned, he ac-

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RIDDELL

988

RILEY

ceptcj iin invitiition to bocoiiie cliaplivin of tlie Mas-
Biiuhiisettt) Stiitc Prisrjii, wliicli po^iitiim he held tor
two yours 1111(1 a half, mid tliuii returned to tliu jias-
toruto, liiiving aoceptud ii call from the cluiroli in
Milford, Miibf., wlicM-ij lie romaincj five years, at
tiie end of wliicli tiinu lie bcuaiiie pastor of tlie
oliurch ill Aii^ii:^ta, Mi'., acting for two years —
LSTO and 1871 — as chaplain of the Maine Insane
Hospital.

For several years |)r. Ricker was tlie correspond-
ing secretary of the Maine Baptist Convention.
The duties of the ollice requiring- the services of
some one all the time, he resigned his pastorate of
the cluircli in Angiista, and gave his entire energies
to tlie work assigned to him Ijy the State Conven-
tion. In tliis position, wliicli he continues to hold,
he has hiliored since Jan. 1, 1S72. Through his
life lh\ Ricker has done a large aiuount of clerical
work, having been the clerk of two IMaiiie Associa-
tions for fourteen years and of the Maine .Sahbatli-
Scliool Union for five years. He was the si'cretary
of the Massachusetts Raptist Convention from 1S5,S
to ISCf), and of the Maine Baptist Convention from
IS()9 to the ]iresent time. He has also been instru-
mental in the erection of several houses of worshiji,
ami in raising tlie necessary funds to enable more
than one church to pay oft' its debts. To such ob-
jects as these he has himself been a liberal donor.
Colby University, of which Dr. Rirlccr was made n
trusti-'C in ISIV, conferred upon him llie, ih'grec of
lioctor of |)lviiiity in IMi.S.

Riddell, Mortimer S., D.D., was born at East
Ilaiiiilton, X. Y., ^May 8, 18:^7. His pious mother
consecrated him to the Cliristian ministry while he
was an infant. Ho was converted and baptised at
the age of fifteen. He studied three years at the
Hamilton Academy. In lS44 became clerk in a
store in Hamilton, and subsequently its ]iropriotor.
After that he carried on the same business in
Watertown, N. Y., for nine years. " Impressed by
the long-cherished wish of his mother, and by the
appeals of a faithful pastor," he entered the theo-
logical seminary at Hamilton in 1858. On his
graduation he was ordained jiastor of the church
at New Brunswick, N. J., and immediately en-
tered the first rank of preachers in thut college
town. Of small stature and delicate constitution,
he had an active brain and a largo heart. His at-
tractive style of sermonizing, clear and accurate
judgment, strong sympathy with the people, and
lull ri'cognition of duty as a (Christian pastor and
a patriotic citizen, marked him for a leader. In
social power, spiritual earnestness, ami intellectual
activity he e.\eclled most men, and his eight years'
pastorate was full of deserved success. In the
spring of 18(17 there was a precious revival, into
which Dr. Riddell threw his whole soul. Ills didi-
cate health gave way. 'I'lierc were long muntlis

of absence for health. The church showed great
kindness and afiection, and only accepted his resig-
nation after he ))ressed it repeatedly. lie did not
long survive. I'eb. 1, 187tl, ho peacefully fell
asleep at Ottawa, Kansas. His body was sent, ac-
cording to his wish, "' to lie among his dear people
in New Brunswick."

Madison University conferred njion him the
degree of D.D. in 18l)7. Several of his sermons
and addresses were published by request.

Rigby, Rev. N. L., was born in Skelmorsdale,
Lancashire, England, April 21, 1839. At the age
of twelve he formed the purpose of coming to
America, and on the 4tli of April, 1856, at the age
of sixteen, he started alone for this country. Two
years latin- lie found Christ, and on the 4th of
April, 1858, he was bapti/.cil in Bloomington, HI.
In two years more he had his "commission to
preach the gospel," and in September, ISliO, en-
tered Shiirtleir (.'ollegc, from which he graduated
in 18(ili, and from the sciuinary in 1809. lie
graduated from both institutions with honor. On
June 25, 18G'J, he was ordained at Fairbury, III.
In October, 1870, lie located as fiastor of the Bap-
tist church at Clictopa, Kansas. In two years at this
point he baptized seventy-five persons, fifty of whom
were Delaware Indians, living in the Territory.
On the 22d of June, 1873, ho became pastor of the
churcli at Winfield, Kansas, his present homo. In
I87<i Ids heiilth failed, iiml Hiiiee Ihen he hiis lind
no ri!gulur cliurge.

Riggs, Rev. Bethuel, a pioneer minister in
I\Iissouri, was born in 17'><>, in New Jersey. Not
much is known of his early life: nearly half of
which was spent out of Missouri. "When about
eighteen he enlisted in the army to fight for Ameri-
can independence. lie married, early in life, i\Iiss
Nancy Lee, sister of a celebrated pioneer Baptist
minister, James Lee, who preached with his gun
by his side when fearing an attack from Indians.
At the age of eighteen Bethuel Riggs was con-
verted, and became a Baptist minister. Soon
after lie removed to North Carolina, and then
to Georgia, where ho traveled extensively, and
jireached with great success. Subsequently ho
removed to Kentucky, anil settled opfiosite Cincin-
nati. In I8U'J he settled in Missouri, and lived in
St. Charles County for eight years. Ho thence
removed to Troy, the seat of Lincoln County, near
a snl])hur spring, and a church was organized in
1823 at his liouse, called after the name of thi^
spring, and for years he was its pastor. He trav-
eled much over AV'arren, St. Charles, Liueuln,
Montgomery, and Pike Counties, preaching Clirii-t.
He finally removed to Monroe County, where he
died, and was buried beside his faithful wife.

Riley, Rev. Garrard W., has lieen connected
with the Baptist ministry of Illinois since the year

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EILEY

989

mPLEY

183C, and iri tliercCore iit tlic ])rcscnt time one of
tlio olilust, as 111; is oiio of tliu most respoctod, min-
isters in the State. His fatlior, Jolin W. Hilcy, his
gvandfatluu-, (jtanard Jvilcy, iind liis j;rc'ut-gi-and-
i'atlier, Ninian Uiley, were all eai-ncst and usctful
Bajitist ininistci-s in Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and
Illinois. Hi; is himself one of four brothers, all
■of whom are l>a|itist ministers, — Rev. (,'. [j. lliley
and l.iev. A. J. Kiley in Indiana, Rev. J. AV^ Riley
in Ualifornia, himself, for a period of forty-four
years, in Illinois, lie was born .'~!e|it. 2, 18 lo, ami
was baptized at the age of nineteen by Rev. Aran
Sargcuit into the I'elUjWshij) of the Retlnd ehurch,
t'lermont ('o., U. In 1S30 he was ordained as pas-
tor of the RIoomlield cliureh. III., where he re-
mained ten yeai's. -\t that time he renioved to
Paris, the county-seat of Edgar ('oiinty, where In;
enjoyed a pastorate of marked sueeL\ss for twelve
years, the cluin.-h, organized with eight members at
the beginning ol' his ministry, growing to a mem-
berslii|) of h'lO. His work sinei; has been ehielly
lit lirbaim, Champaign, Indianapolis, Ind., and a
iieeond pastorate at Paris. During his ministry
lie has baptized more than 2(JIK» )]ersiins, organized
about -10 ehurulies, built and dedicated about 20
iiiei;ting-houses, his work always branching out
from the main points hold into the region round
iibout. A man of singular enterprise and self-de-
votiiin in his work, and held in high esteem in
every community where his name is known.

Riley, Judge Richard, was born Sept. 14,
ITiio. His early life was blameless. In 17(55 he
was made a magistrate, and he held the olTn;o until
our national independenec was di-elared. He was
a member of the Committee of Safety for Penn-
.sylvania. He served in the Legislature for two
terms. In 1791 he was appointed to the otlieo of
iissistant judge, a [lermaneiit position.

He made a profession of religion about 1772, and
was baptized into the fellowship of the First I'ap-
tist church of Philadelphia. He subsequently
■united with the Sansom Street ehurch, and con-
tinued in its fellowshi|i till the formation of the
Marcus Hook church, of which he was aconstituent
member, and with it remained until death opened
for him a blesseil entrance into the general as-
scmlily and eliureh of the lirst-born in glory. He
died Aug. 27, 1820; his venerable com|(anion re-
joined him in the skies just one month afterwards.

Judge lliley was a great friend of missions, and
took an active part in the formation of a local so-
ciety to send tlie gosjiol to the heathen before the
establishment of the (ien(;ral Convention. He was
a man of broad views, of great benevolence, of e.t-
tensive information, and of ardent piety. His
connection with the di'iiomination was an honor,
and his inllucnce on its behalf at the meiiy -eat was
a power.

He endin-ed with great patience the weakness
and pains of a two years' sickness before his death,
and he left Ibis for the lietter world, cheered by the
holiest expectations and the sweetest peace. 'I'lie
Pliiladelphia Baptist Association, in its session of
1820, passed a rcsolutinn in which it " eoiidnles
with the church at Mari;us H(jok in the removal
of our venerable brother, Richard Riley."

Ripley, Henry Jones, D.D., was born in Bos-
ton, Jan. 2S, 17'JS, and was of a family more than
one memlicr of which was remarkable for great
gentleness and sweetness of temper and manners.
He enjoyed the best facilities which his native city
afforded for the acquisition of a thorough pirepnra-
tory education to fit him for college. To say of
him that he was a " medal scholar" of the Boston
Latin School, and was fitted to outer Harvard Uni-
versity at the early ageof fourteeti, is to s|ieak in high
terms of bis scholarship. It was sale to predict that,
if his life should be spared, he would win distinction
in whatever profession he might select as his call-
ing in life. He graduated at Harvard University
in 1816, and soon after, having liccome a hopeful
Christian, he re|)aire<l to tlie Andover Theological
Institution to ht himself for the work of the
Christian ministry. At the close of his Andover
course he was ordained as an evangelist in the
Baldwin Place church, Boston, Nov. 7, 181'J, and
commenced his ministry among the colored people
in Georgia. Aft(!r some months of evangelical
labor in the South he returned North, and lor a
year preached in East[inrt, Me. Prevented by the
severity of the climate from making a permanent
settlement in. East|iort, he r<;tui'ni;d once more to
(Jeorgia, and for nearly live years labored most
faithfully in that S(;etioii, until an invitation was
exten<h;d to him to become Professor of Biblical Lit-
erature and Pastoral Duties in the Newton Theo-
logical Institution. Such a call lirouglit him back
to the scones and associations of his younger days,
and ho was not unwilling to respond allirmatively
to it. He enti^red upon his work as professor at
Newton in 182(1, and remained in the institution
until his resignation in 18IJ0, a period uf thirty-
four years. He did not confine himself to the
special department of which he had Iieen calli^d to
take the charge, but as, fnim time to time, emer-
gencies arose, he took his classes over ground out-
side of his appointed field ol' labor. " By a careful
survey of his professional life," says Dr. Stearns,
" it appears that lie taught more or less in every
department of the institution's curriculum. He
did this diligently and laboriously." \\'hile he was
performing the duties of bis ollice, his busy pen
was at work on the magazine and review articles,
and on the more elaborate volumes which he com-
mitted to the press. Among the latter which have
been received with much favor, not only by bis own

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niJ'LEV

990

RIPPON

doiioiiiination but by Cliiistiun scliolars of other
luuiies, we luentiun liis " Notes on tlie Fciiir (u)s-
)ii3ls,'' ■' N^ulos on tbe Acts of the Aiiosllu.s,'' '' Notes
oil the E|iistle to the Jloiiiaiis," " Notes on the Kpis-
tle to the Hebrews, witli new transhition," " Saered
Uhetoi'ie ; Coin|iosition and Uidiveiy of Sermons,''
and " Chureli I'olity ; a Trcati.se. on Christian
('iuirclies and the Christian JMinistry.''

Several y>^ars were passed in the ((iiiet of his
study, after his resignation, devoted to literary work.
His old love for the eolored people of Georgia seems
to have lieen asiain awakenoil, and he accepted an
appointment whicli carried him ba(-k again to
(ieorgia, wiiere he laliored with great y.eal and
liilolity the belter part of a year, when he returned
once more to his beloved Newton home, never again
to leave it. He found most congenial employment
in tlie institution lihiary, for which lie cherished
an alfcctioii bordering on that which a mother feels
for the child of her love and care. He labiu'cd in
many ways to increase its ellicieiicy and make it
a modid of what the library of a theological insti-
tution should Ijo ; and in this he was singularly
successful, and if Newton may boast of its will-
selected collection of some of the best books in all
the departments of liililical science, she will never
forget the mind and the heart which ha<l so much
to do in making the library what it now is.

Dr. Ripley died at his residence at Newton Cen-
tre, the modest, unpretending home which his ]iupils
so well remember, ^lay 21, 1S75, having reached
the ripe and well-rounded age of seventy-seven
years and four months. His memory is very fra-
grant in the hearts of hundreds who knew him but
to love and revere him.

Ripley, Rev. Thomas Baldwin, was born in

IJoston, Mass., Nov. li.j, 17'Jo. Like his lirothcr,
I'rof Henry J. Ripley, he received his early training
in the excellent schools of Boston, and graduated at
l?rown University in the class of 1814. He was a
pupil of Rev. Dr. Staughton, of Philadelphia, for
one year, and then was ordained as pastor of the
First IJaptist church in Portland, We., July 24,
ISIG, ami for twelve years held the ollice to which
he had been chosen. His labors were much blessed
in the conversion of sinners and the Imilding up
of the church. From Portland he was called to
take charge of lh(^ First Haptisl (diurch in Bangor,
iMe. Here he remained for five y('ar». On leaving
15angor he supplieil for a time two or three churches,
his eonnecticjii with them all being a comparatively
short one, and then removed to Nashville, Tenn.
He preached for a brief period in several places in
the Southwest, and then came back to New Eng-
land and passed the remainder of his days in Port-
land, Me., where, among his ohl parishioners and
I'riends, lie came to be reeognized by the alleeliiih itc
name of " Father Ripley." As a city niissiunaiy

he rendered an accoptalile service in the iilace of
his former residence, and, respected and lieloved by
the community in whicdi he had li\ed so many
years, he at h'ligth passed away on the 4th of IMiiy,
is70.

,Mr. Ripley was a man of almost childlike guile-
lessness and transparency of character. He loved
tiie cause of Christ with a strength and lenderness
of alfection sehiom equaled. He lived to do good
and to commend the gosjjcl to others by his holy
teachings and his pure, blameless life. He walked
among men, his head always lifted upward, literally
as wcdl as spiritualh', as if in the clouds he saw the
gates of the celestial city, and, "a pilgrim and
stranger" here, was hastening thither. For more
than eighty years his Master kept him lu're, and
always found some eongi'nial Avork \\\r him to do.
The chureli of Cod is the rieiier fur such men. .'^o
much nail goodness in this wicked world could be
no other than a blessing to humanity and a glory
to him whose divine nature was so largely repro-
diieed in one of whom it could so truly bo said,
" he walked with (iod. ami he was not, for God
took him."

Rippon, John, D.D., was bom at Tiverton, in
Devonshire, England, in \1'>\. When about si.\-
teen years of age he was called by divine grace to
follow Jesus. When a little over seventeen he en-
tered Bristol Baptist College. When about twenty-
one he became the suiteessor of the great Dr. Gill,'
in London. J\Ir. llippon had neither the talents
nor the learning of his illustrious jjiedecessor, but
he was bold, witty, and ready in s|ieech ; his
" preaching was lively, airectionate, and impres-
sive;" his administration of elinrch alfairs was
marked by great ]irudeiice, and he soon became
very popular, 'i'lic church edilice was enlarged,
and the community over which he presided was
"one of the wealthiest," according to Spurgeon,.
" within the ]iale of Nonconformity." Dr. liippon
was a great friend cpf missions, and his' ehnrcli
gave large sums to the home and foreign Baptist
missionary societies.

He projeeteil and edited the Bajitist I?'f/i.-itcr, to-
give our brethren in I'iUrope and America an organ
tlirough wdiieh they might address each other.

Dr. Rip]ion was engaged in preparing a work
commemorating the saintly wcnlliies who were in-
terred in liunliill Fields, but the boidi never was
jiublished. His plan embraced the records on every
stone. J. A. J(mes, in liis"Bunhill Memorials,"
in which he gives sketches of three liundred min-
isters and other ]iersons of note burieil in Bunhill
Fields, produced jirobably a )niieli moi'e valuable
book than Dr. Riiipon's time would have iiermitted
him to write.

Dr. liippon is best known by his "Selection of
Hymns." This work for a long jieriod, with the

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liyums (if Dr. Watts, was iisimI in I5a|iti.st l-1uii-i;1ics.
Mr. .SiiLiriiOon Kays tliat his " ' .Selection of llymiis'
was ail (.'State to him.'' And lie adds, " In his later
days Ih; was evideiitiv in very cuiiirnrtaldu eiieiiiii-
staiiees, lor we have ol'leii lu'ard mention ol his
earria;;e and |iair."

lie was a IViend to Ainerii-a in the Kevoliitioiiai^'
stru^',::;U!, as the Kni^llsh Baplists j^eneriilly were.

Jle was pastor of the eoiimuinily now worslii|i|iiiig I
in the Metropolitan 'rahernae.li:, over whieh Ri'v. i
C. II. Spnrfieon at present presides, from 1773 to I
l^i3(i, a period of sixty-thr(M^ years. [

Ritner, Rev. I. Newton, was horn near iMal- .
vcrii, I'a., I''eli. 2l!, IS-ll. "Born ajrain" in I»e-j
eeinher, I8.')7, diirinj; revival ineetinf;s held at a
Lutheran ehiireh. Deelined to hi: sprinkled on
iieeount of I5il>le convictions, and was suhse-
quently haptizid in Philadelphia Ijy Itev. I>r. D.
15. Cheney. April 4, 1.S.5S. His father was baptized
at the same time, he liaviiii; been led to aeeopt
Christ tiiniiiiih wor^ls wrilleii liy the son. AVas
educated for a business lil'e, Ijut was dili;;ent in
labors for souls in connection with business pur- i
suits. Deelined an otl'er to proviile for his liberal
education ou condition of entering the Presbyte-
rian ministry. Entered the army in 1.S61, and bc-
eanio brevet captain " i'or failhlul and merilorioiis
services." After four years of serviee lie returned
to Philadelphia, and became book-keeper in a lar;^e
mercantile house. United with the Fifth ehureli,
ami soon gathered- a larire and interesting Bible-
class, more than forty of whom were led to Christ.
lie also served as deacon and trustee. During the
summer of l!S73 he was impressed with the thought
that the Lord desired him to preach the gospel.
With his slowly ami prayerfully reached convic-
tions he ibund the church in hearty accord, and ho
was ordained Feb. 12, 1874. He began his jiiinis-
try first as " stated supply,"' then as pastor of the
Eleventh cliurch, Phihulelphia, in whose ineeting-
lioiise he had previously put on Christ by baptism.
In this field of labor he continues to glorify God
in both body and sfiirit. He is a faithful, con-
scientious, self-saerilieing si;rvant of the Lord
Jesus, and his labors are marked with manifold
tokens of divine favor. He has served as secre-
tary of the Philadelphia Conference of Baptist Min-
isters since 1S75, and is associated with his brelli-
ron in other important trusts.

River Baptisms in Venerable Bede's Eccle-
siastical History. — 'I'his distinguished Chris-
tian, the first English liistorian, diixl in 735. His
" Church History" gives an account of the conver-
sion of the " Angles, Jutes, and Sa.xons," his Eng-
lish fathers. In it he nays, '' Paulinus, coming
with the king and (|ueen of the Northumbrians to
tlio royal country-seat of Adgfrin (Ye.i . o., in
Glondale), stayed there with them thirty-six days,

fully occupied in catechising and baptizing, during
which days, I'rom morning till night, he did
nothing else but instinct the people resorting from
all tlir villages and plae<-s in Christ's saving Word,
and whi'ii instructed iki'i/ were uuin/nd (abhiere) iit
l/ir riccr Glen, which was near by, with the water
of absolution. These things," he says, '" lia[ipened
in the |Hovini.'c; of the Beiniciaiis ; Idil in ihat of
the Deii'i also, where! he was aeeustomed often to
be with the king, he Intji/izad in the riccr Siuale
(in .Sualo lluvio), which llows past the village of
Catarai.-t" (Carrick, in Yorkshire). He speaks also
of an old man who said that '' he and a great mnl-
titnde were baptized at noonday in the presence ul.
Iving Kdwin in the (-iver Tient by the bishop,
Paulinus'' {in Jiariu Tnenta). (Eceles. Hist., lib.
ii. 14, p. 1(10; lib. ii. If), p. 107. Oxonii, lS4(i.)
Paulinus, like Joliii and the Jordan, used tlie llow-
iiig river for his lijut.

Robbins, A. C, deacon of the First IJaptist
church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was burn, Oct. 19,
IS19, in ('hebogiu!, Yarmouth Co., Nova Scotia;
is one of Yarnioiith's largest and wealthiest ship-
owners and most inlluential citizens. In 1876,
•Mr. Robbins contributed j!lU,Ot)0 towards the en-
dowment of Acadia College.

Robert, Rev. Baynard C, a pioneer preacher
in Kapides Parish, La., was born in South Caro-
lina in 1800. He canui to Louisiana in 1818 ; was
ordained in 1^21, — the second Baptist minister
ever ordained in the .State. He was u man of in-
telligence and ability, and was instrumental in
"founding many churches in his region. He was
often moderator of the Louisiana Association. He
died in ISIi.').

Robert, Maj. Henry Martyn, U.S.A., is a

native of liobcrtville, Beaufort District, now
Hampton Co.. S. C, whore he was born May 2,
1837. His father is llev. Joseph T. Kobert, Sr.,
LL.D., president of Atlanta Bajitist 'I'heological
Seminary. His mother, who has been dead several
j'ears, was a descendant of the well-known Lawton
family of South (.'arolina, being a daughter of (ien.
Lawton, L1..S.A., for many 3'ears commander at
West Point. Maj. Itolierl's paternal ancestors
were French Huguenots, who settled in his native
town and gave it its name in IG80. His paternal
grandfather was an Episcopal clergyman, but be-
came a Ba)itist, and with him the Baptist element
in the family begins. When thirteen years ul
age Henry made a public profession of religion,
and was baptized liy his father into the fellowship
of the First Baptist church in Portsmouth, 0., of
which ho was then pastor. Having completed his
primary education, and having K|iont one year at
Denison University, he entered West Point Mili-
tary Academy in 18.53, when sixteen years of age,.
He graduated at twenty, the youngest member of

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ROBERT

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ROBERT

his class. lie reouivod liis comiiiissidu with thu
raiilv of lioiitciiiiiil in the CDi'ps of oni^iiioei's,
U..S.A., in which hu has survej ever since. Al'tcr
j;i'iiJuating hu was uppointud at^sistant pi'ol'essui'
of Natural I'liiloso[)hy at \Vc;-t I'oint, and suljse-
quently he was trahsfcrrod Id tho dopavtnient of
I'l-aotieal Kniijinoci'iTig. In 185.S lio was onlorod to
tho Diipartiiicnt of tlie I'acilic, ai'id stationed at
I'ort Vaiicuuvor, ^Vashin>;ton Territory. Dnriti;;;
the critical period ol' the Nortiiwest boundary dilli-
(Hilty between our country and (Jreat Britain, Maj.
Uoljert was put in charge of the defenses and troops
on Sun Juan Island.

When the civil war broke out Maj. Robert, al-
though of .Southern birth, and although all his rel-
atives resided in tho South, and were in synipatliy
with Southern sentiments, hesitated not a uioincnt
as to his duty. He heartily espoused the Unicjn
cause, and devoted his services to the government
wiiich had educated him, and wliich lie loved. He
served on the staff of Gen. McUlellan, the com-
mander of the Army of the Potomac. He had
charge of building the fortifications around AVasli-
ington. During this service his health was so
seriously prostrated as to require less fatiguing
duty, and he was accordingly transferred t^> Phila-
delphia, to erect fortilications for that city, and
subsequently he had charge of a similar service at
New Bedford, ]Mass.

At the close of the war ho was again placed at the
head of the department of Practical Military Engi-
neering at West I'oint. In I8ti7 he was assigned to
the Military Department of the Pacific, serving as
chief engineer cm the staff of Maj. -Gens. Ilalleck,
Tlionuis, and Schofield, sm^cessively. In 1S71 he
was put in charge of the fortilications, liglit-houses,
and river and harbor imi)rovements in Oregon and
Wasliington Territories, with headcpiarters at Port-
land. In 1873 he was transferred to Milwaukee,
Wis., and put in charge of a like service on Lake
Michigan. He has in charge all the government
improvements and expenditures on Lake Superior,
o.\eept at Duluth and Superior City, and all the
western shore of Lake Michigan north of Mil-
waukee.

.Maj. Ilobert is the author of the article on Par-
liamontaiy Law in '" .Vppleton's American Cych)-
pedia," and of " Kobert's Rules of Order,'' a
standard authority on parliamentary law, used as
a text-book in numy of the schools and colleges of
the country, and adopted by many of the most im-
portant civil and religious deliberative bodies. He
is also the autlun' of " An Indc^x to the Ilf^ports
of tho Chief ICngini.'crs of U.S.A. on River and
Harbor Imijrovements," being an analytical and
topical index to the public docunn;nts relating to
the system of internal improvements carried on
by the U. S. government. He is the author of the

very complete system of statistical blanks for tho
use of liaptist State Conventions, Associations,
churclies, and Sunday-schocds, together with a
church record to be used in connection with tlie
blanks, all of wliicli he picpared as a gratuitous
service fu- tlu! Wisconsin Jiaptist State Conven-
tion, and which has resulted in great dcnomina-
tiiUKil elliciency, and which he has just |ilaced at
the disposal of the jVmerican I!a|itist Publication
Society for future publication for the Baptist de-
nomination througloiut the land.

As a Christian, Maj. Robert is an earnest worker
in the church of which he is a member, and in
the denomination, notwithstanding the numerous
duties and res|i(uisibilities connected with his offi-
cial position, without neglcetini; a single one of
which he has always found time to devote to tho
interests of his church and the (daims of his Mas-
ter. In the Di'and Aven\ie Baptist church, Mil-
waukee, of whicli he is a memlier, he is chairman
of the board of trustees, one of the deacons, suid
superintenilent of the Sunday-school. He is a
decided Baptist, and insi^ts with military pre-
cision that everything in the conduct of the
churcli shall lie according to Scriptural 15aptist
faith and practice. Though sometimes supposed
to be a little rigid, — a quality of character acquired
in his long military experience, — he is of a most
kind and generous spirit, and always wise in coun-
sel. In the denomination in tho State his labors
are inv:iluabie. lie is an active member of the
board of the State Convention and of its Execu-
tive Committee. In tlie Bildc-scliool work lie is
one of tho soundest thinkers and most thorough
workers in the State.

Robert, Rev. Joseph T,, LL.D., president of

the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, lia., an institution
for the classical and theological instruction of col-
ored people of both sexes, was born at Robertville,
S. C, Nov. ^8, 1807. He received his ante-col-
legiate education in that jilaee, and there he pro-
fessed conversion and was bapti/.ed, in October,
1822. In February, 1825, he entered Columbian
College, at Washington, D. C, wdiere he studied
some time, taking the very first rank in his classes,
and he was graduated with tlie first honors of his
class at Brown University, R. I., in 1828. He was
a resident graduate and medical student at Yale
College, New Haven, during the years 1829 and
1830. In 1830 he returned to his native State
and entered the South Carolina Medic.d College,
graduating the following year, 1831. In 1832 he
was licensed to preach by tlo' Uobertville church,
and then went to Furnian Theological Seminary,
in order thoroughly to prepare for the ministry, in
1832, remaining two years. He was ordained pas-
tor of the Robertville church in L834, but removed
to Kentucky in ISo'J to become pastor of the Bap-

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ROBERTS

993

ROBERTS

tist cliiii'cli lit Covinj^toii; al'terwiirds, in KS41, ]iu
took oliargci of tlio Lebaiioii Biiptist cliuroh, in
Kciitucjky. Aljout 18-18 lie retunu'il .South aiul
tiiok cliiii'go of tlie First 15aiiti.st clniri'li ol' Su-
vaniiah, Ga., where lie resided a year or two.
liut ill IS,jO he was ealled to the Portsmouth church,
0., contimiiiig in that position until l.S.'iS, wlicu he
heeaiiio I'rol'essor ol' ^Matliciiiatic:! ami Natural
Science in l!urliii;;ton Uuiviirsity, Iowa. In 18(14
lie WHS secured by the Iowa State University a.s
Professor of Lani;uaj;es, but aeeepted the presidency
of Burlington University in 1809. The necessity
for returning to a milder climate carried him to
Georgia in October, 1870, and in July, 1S7I, lie
iicct|Fted the care of the Augusta Institute fur col-
ored ministers, a school established by the Home
Mission Society of the Northern IJaptists. .The
institute was removed to -Vtlanta in 1879 and in-
corporated with the Atlanta liaptist Seminary,
under the presidency of Dr. Ilobert. In this po-
sition he is e.KOrting a great intluonce for good and
is doing a most invaluable work. A scholar of the
highest order and a perfect Christian gentleman,
he is admirably aila|jted to his position, and it is
doubtful if a better selection could be made. I>r.
Robert is of Huguenot descent. As a preacher
ami theologian ho is sound and learned, and as
a schol.ar he possesses a wide jirolicienoy.

Roberts, Rev, Benjamin, was born in North
Carolina, July lil, 1794. He removed to Georgia
when quite young; was baptized in 18l!2 by Kev.
Jas. Barnes, and was received into the fellowship
of the lieulah cluirch, which he afterwards served,
as pastor, for twenty-three years consecutively.
Shortly after his baptism ho was chosen clerk of
the church, and the next year was ordained a dea-
con. In a few years ho was licensed to preacli,
and in August, 1829, was ordained to the full work
of the ministry.. He was most widely known as
clerk of the Washington Association, in which
capacity lie served during alinosl the entire period
of his ministry, exerting a wide and very beneficial
inlluence. He was a. man of few words, but they
were always to the point, his chief characteristics
being simplicity and meekness.

Roberts, Rev. Joseph, was born in Virginia
in the year 1770. Some time about the close of the
last century he left his native State in company
with his father and settled on Little River, Greene
Co., (Ja. lie had married before leaving Virginia,
but had lost his wife, and therefore resided with
his father for some years ; but at tiiat time neither
lie nor any of the family cared for religion,
being intent upon the world uiul its pleasures and
lblli(!s. Arrested in liis wild career by the grace
of God in the year 1803, Mr. Roberts united with
the cluuch at Whatloy's Mills, now Bethe-ila, and
at once took a lii^h stand as a member, utlnidine

the Georgia Association as a delegate in 1804, lie
married in 1805, and settled in Powelton, Hancock
Co., where he was the companion and fellow-laborer
of William Itabiin, the two representatives for a
number of years of the Powelton church in the
Association. lie soon manifested the possession
of decided mini.sterial talents, and in 181 1 was li-
censetl to preach ; two or three year.s alterwiirds
he was ordained, and immediately entered u|ion ii
course of extensive and usid'nl labor. The churches
at I'owelton, Iloreb, Bethel, and White Plains, be-
sides others, enjoj'ed the benefits of his ministry,
the last mentioned, )ierhaps, sharing most largely
in his godly labors. For eighteen consecutive years
be preached to the White Plains church, being
much esteemed by it and by all the other churches
he served. Few ministers possessed to the extent
ho did the faculty of endearing their people to
them, and this, perhaps, was one secret of his use-
fulness. The doctrines of grace were his delight,
and furnished the staple of his sermons; yet, like
Paul, he dwelt mncli upon practical godliness. He
(■ndeii his useful life on the 22d of October, 1837,
in the sixty-seventh year of his age.

Roberts, Rev. McCord, was born in Wilkes-
borough, Wilkes County, N. C, March 28, 1810.
lie became early inclined to close study, a habit
which he has always cultivated, and has become
one of the best thinkers of his day. He was at
first a Methodist minister lor twenty years, and
has preached for thirty years in the Baptist de-
lunnination. He was very popular among the
Methodists, and he is no less so among the Baptists.
He .is a man of rare attainments, especially in
metaphysics.

He has shunned the walks in life which bring
men into pirominence. His career has been re-
markably useful ; ho is most favorably known
tliroiighf)ut the Stati; of Missouri and in the Sooth-
west. INIcii of talent and education respect and
honor him, and the |ieople are glad to hear him.

His labors have been great and self-denying for
the cause of Christ in Jlissouri. He is deeply in-
terested in education. He nov\- resides in Bolivar,
and is one of the board of directors of the South-
west Baptist College located there.

Roberts, Rev, Thomas, was born in Wales on
June 12, 1783 ; came to this country in 1803; was
baptized in New York by Rev. John Stephens,
March 8, 1807. When speaking of that going down
into the East Piiver, he said, "God be thanked
that a creature so unworthy was iiermitted to fol-
low his blessed Son." Ho studied under Dr.
Staughton, and in 1814 became pastor of the church
at Great Valley, Pa. After remaining tliere for
seven years ho became a missionary to the Chero-
kees. In 1825 lie took charge of the church nt
Middletown, N. J., where fyr tliirtr(.'ii years he was

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ROBERTS

',)94

ROBINS

woriilerl'iilly lilcssoi.1 in brini^in;^ liuncli'e<ls to Christ
and in buildinij; up X\\y: uhurrli. Alter scrvinj; in
New Yoric :imJ IV'nnsy Ivania, lie rutunitnl to iMon-
uioiitli Co., N. J., iuiil jilLMclii'd iis lon^ :is the bur-
dens (d'ajie wuuld |ieniiit. At eighty-two he piissed
peiieernlly away. The ucntle, loving .spirit of iMr.
lloljerts enabled him to be very useCul in sottlinj;
dilliiuilties, and his ^\'elsll I'urvor, eoniliined with an
nnnsnal power oT illnslration, OKuh) him very popu-
lar as a pn-.ii:her. 4\rier his death a volume con-
tainijii; some ol' his sermons was published, and
.several artiides of his appeared in periodieals wdiile
he was vet living.

EobertS, Rev. W. S., pastor of the .Spruee
Street Baptist cliureh, I'liiladi Iphia, I'a., was horn
in New Carlisle, Clarke Co., 0., April 1, ISl').
Ilis father, bearing the same name, was an honored
Baptist minister ; two younger brothers are in the
same ludy callinj::, — llev. C'harh.'s 1>. Koherts is
pastor of the IJaptist eliurrh in Euglewood, III., '
and, Rev. John K. Jloliei'ts .serves the First Baptist
chnreh of Kansas Cit}', Mo.

William commenced his hiii'her studies a,t Kala-
mazoo, and eoui|)leted them at rShurtlell" College,
in the literary course in I.S7'2, and in the theologi-
cal department in IS7y. Ife was ordained as pastor
of the church in Janesville, Wis., in July, 187o.
He retained this position for three years, during
whieli the church enjoyeil much spiritual jn-os-
perity and removed a burdensome debt, lie en-
tered upon his present chai'ge July I, 1878.

In eacdi of his lield?! of labor Mr. Roberts suc-
ceeded some of the most distinguished niinisti'rs in
the Baptist denomination. JNIr. Roberts is a man
of culture, a student, a faithful pastor, and an al)le
preacher. He possesses mucdi of tlie spirit of his
loving Master, and he enjoys the all'e<rtion of his
own people and of all liis brethren in the min-
istry.

Robertson, Rev. Norvell, an eminent Missis-
sippi minister, the autlnn' of an excellent " ilaial-
ISook of Theology," was born in (ieoigia in 17'Jli.
His father, also named Norv(dl, was a Baptist
preacher, who spent lifty-one years in the ministry
in Georgia and ftlississippi, and died at the ad-
vanced age of ninety-one years. Ilis distinguisheil
son professed Christ in 1830, and was ordained in
1833. He was soon called to take charge of the
Leaf River Baptist church, where he continued as
pastor to the time of his <leath, in 1879, about forty-
five years, steadily refusing the most tempting
otfcrs to leave this country church. His "Hand-
Book of Theology'' is a la.sting monument to his
memory.

Robey, Rev. Geo. W., pastor at Bedford, Iowa,
was born May 27, 183S, in Marion Co., Mo. His
father was an infidel, his motln^r was a member of '
the Presbyti-rian t'hnreh. Ilis mother's prayers I

saved him from inlidelity; the New Testament
made him a l!a|itist. He was converted at the ago
of fourteen, bapti/.cid at sevcnti^eu, and licensed to
preach at eighteen. He graduated from Bethel
Collegia in bstJI). In 1859 he was ordained pastur
of Union ehureli, in his native county, wdiere he
was bapti/.ed. Here with the; jjeople among whom
he was brought up his lab(jrs were wonderfully
blessed. His father was converted and liecann; a
zealous Baptist, and tlie young pastor was )ier-
mitted to lead " down into the water" for baptism,
as his tirst subject, his own mother, wdiose views on
this ordinance liad changed. Other churches in
Northeast Missouri were blessed under his ministry,
until 1SI)7, wlieu ho settled as yiastnr at Shelhina,
•Shelby Co. In 1872 he accepted a call to Hamburg,
Iowa, where he remained three years, and r<!signed
the past(jrate to become associate editor of thi> Bup-
ti.it licacfm, jiublihlied at I'ella, Iowa. In .Septem-
ber, 1875, he aceejited a ju'essing invitation to settle
at Bedford. Here he is held in high esteem as
pastiM' of one of the largest congregations in the
Stat(^ Though possessing a weak constitution, and
all the time in feeble lieallli, yet he has Ijeeu " in
laliors abinidant," and alrea<ly over lODO have been
adiled to the churches uudm- his luinistry.

Robins, Rev. Gurdon, son of Kpluaim Robins,
was born in .Sjudlield, Conn., Fell, (i, 178(); his
parents, Congregatiimalists, beeanie Ba|>tists ; all
rcmo\ed to Hartford in 1796, the father becoming
a local preacher; Ourdon was converted in 1798,
baptized by Rev. S. .S. Nelson, and united witli the
First Baptist church ; in 1.SI4 was chosen deacon;
was a merchant ; in 181li removed to FayetteviUe,
N. C ; began to preach ; invited to a church iit
Cape Feai', but health I'orbiule settlement ; was
active in reviving the North Carolina Bajjtist Mis-
sion Cinivention ; beeame judge of the county
court; in 1823 returned to Hartford, Conn. ; five
years editor of Cliiistiun Sccfctari/ ; in June, 1829,
orilained pastor of !S(mth (then Kast) ^Vindsor
ehureli; in 1832 returned to Hartford ; estiiblislnMl
ii store ; became n publisher ; supplied churches at
Avon, Canton, Bloomiield, Bristol ; active in Cun-
neeticnt Baptist State Convention, Connecticut
Baptist Kducation .Society', Connecticut Literary
Institution, and every good work ; faniiliiir with
Baptist history ; sound in the faith. His son, I>r.
Robins, is president of Colby University. Hied
Jan. 2, 1864, in his seventy-eighth year.

Robins, Henry E., D.D., was bom in Hartford,
Conn. He pursued his stu<lics iit the .Siiflield Lit-
erary Institute and at the. Fairinount Theologii'al
Seminary, Ky. F'or three years he was connected
with the Newton Theological Institution. His or-
dination took place Dec. 6, 1861, and ho became
|,.i-lor of the Central Baptist church in Newport,
K. 1., where he remained five years, when he re-

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'J9.)

noiuysoN

moved tu Iloolioxter, N. Y., where he wiis pastor
six years. lie was eleetcnl i)ri'sicleMt ol' C(ill)y Uiii-
versily in l.STi'. Ifinler llje ailiiiiiiislratlon nl' I'l-es-
iJeiil Kdljiiis the uni versily has lieoii greatly |ir(is-

IlliMtV E. RijIllNS, II. II.

])ereil. The positiuti to wliich ho was called in
I1S7') ho still holds. lie is ;i line scholar, with a
fiowerl'iil intellect, and a very llatteriii^ r(;cord.
No man in the denomination has earned a higher
reputation for nsrfiilness in liis nolile calling than
Dr. KoViins.

Robinson, Rev. Asa A., son of Gordon and
Lydia Koliinson, seventh generation from "John,
the Puritan,'- was liorn in Windham, Conn., in
]\Iay, ISl-t; converted in l!S2S ; Ijaptized liy Ids
father-indaw, Jtev. Kscd; Brown, in KSli',) ; educated
at Co.nneetient Literary Institution ; studied awhile
in IJrown University ; acted as merchant with his
father; was school visitor, postnnister, town clerk,
and treasurer ; ordained in l.S4'J in iVgawam, Mass. ;
afterwards settled in AN'ales, in Sufliehl, in .Mans-
lield, and in Willington, Ciirm. ; in Rus.sell, iNIass. ;
in North Sunderland ; in Saybroolc, Conn., wdiere
he is now (ISSO) lal)(n-ing ; has served efficiently on
school hoards ; been modcratin- and clerk of Asso-
ciations ; served on board of trustees of Connecti-
cut Literary Institution ; has a son, Julius B.,born
ill Lebanon, Conn., in 1842; graduated at Newton
'I'heological Seminary in 1873 ; settled at Milford,
SLlss., and now (IhiHO) pa.stor at Fislierville, N. IL
He i.s the eighth generution from ".bjhii, the I'mi
tan."

Robinson, Prof. D. H„ was born June 24, 18;;o,

in Cayuga Co., N. Y. His boyhood and early
manhood were passed on his father's farm in Cen-
tral New Vork ; was coiivcn'teil and joined llio
Weedsport Baptist cbiinli in the spring of 1K;V1.
His ancestors for generations were ebiirch nu'iii-
bcrs, mostly I'resbyterians, running bai k to .lobii
Robinson, the famous J'urilan pastor ; prepared
(in- college at Klbridge Academy, and entered the
University of Rochester in 1855, graduating in
l.S:')',l; chose the profession of teaching a.s a lil'e-
work. After teaching several years in high s<.liools
and aeadi'ijiies in New York and iMiehigaii, was
elected, in the sununer of ISCti, to the prid'essor-
ship of Ancient Languages and Literature in the
University of Kansas. This (n'ofessorsliip was
subsequently divided, I'rof. Robinson retaining the
chair of the T>atin Language and Literature. The
institution has grown i'rom a small school of 55
pupils, the lirst year, with three professors and a
very meagre equi|)mciit, to a strong, healthy uni-
versity of 450 students, with fourteen instructors
and a pretty full apparatus for instruction.

Robinson, Rev. Edwin True, was bom in ,

Monroe Co., N. Y., July 24, 1833 ; converted at the
age of seventeen, and soon afterwards felt himself
culled to the work of the ministry; pursued his
studii's at Hamilton and Ifochcster, and graduated
at Rochester Theological .Seminary in 185'J. In
Jlay, I860, was ordained pastor of the Ninth
church, Cincinnati, 0., where, after a short and
brilliant ministry of two years, he died July 21,
1802.

Mr. Robinson was a man of exceptionally line
gifts and gave the largest promise for the future.
As a preacher he was greatly admired, and as a
man universally beloved. It was probably his all-
absorbing devotion to his work which shortened
his life, and was the cause of the sickness which
s,wopt him off. His early death was lamented not
only by the ehurcli of which he was pastor, but by
multitudes of others to wdiom he had endeared
himself by his genial Christian character, Iihs elo-
quence, and his devotion to Christ and the souls of
men.

Robinson, Ezekiel Oilman, D.D. (Brown Uni-
versity, 1853), LL.D. t Blown University, 1872),
was born at Attleborough, Bristol Co., Mass.,
March 13, 1815. He graduated in 1S38 at Brown
University, wdiere he also spent the following year
as resident graduate. In 1842 he graduated at
Newton Theological Institution. He was pastor at
Norfolk, Va., 1842-45. IWiring eight monlli.s of
this time (being un ao.'idetnie yeai) he served as
chaplain at the University of Virginia, having re-
ceived from the church leave of absence for this
purpose. Ho \<'as pastor at Cambridge, Mass.,
1845-40. In 1840 he became I'roCcs.sor of Bibli-
cal Interpretation in the ^Vestern Theological

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996

nOIlINSON

Sominiiry, Covitifrton, Ky. From 1850 to 1853 lie
was pastor of tliG Ninth Street church, Cincinnati.
Hurinj^ all these years he had been steadily pruw-
ing in power and reputation, and when he hecanie

EZEKIi;i, OILMAN ROIIINSOM, D.O.

Professor of Theoloijy in lioehester Tln.'olonieal
Seminary in the spring of ISSM, the feelinu; was
general that the field was the one above all others
for which his abilities, his acquirements, and his
incutal traits peculiarly fitted him. The resigna-
tion of l>r. Oonant in 1857 left Dr. Uoliinsou the
senior professor and vjrtual president, though the
title of president was not eonferr<'(l upon him till
1808. During the nearly twenty j'cars of his con-
nection with the siMuinary Dr. Uohin'son achieved
a work the arduousness and the influence of which
cannot easily be overestimated. The increase of
students, the growth of tlie library, the enlarge-
ment of the endowment (chiefly thi'ough his [ler-
sonal exertions), the addition of new professors,
the erection of adeipiate buildings, the extension
of the course of study from two years to three, ami
above all the accession to the Baptist ministry of
a large body of men, thoroughly 0(jnippe(l, miglity
in the Scriptures, full of zeal for the truth and of
love for (iiid and man, and animated with a lofty
sense of duly, — these were among the visible results
of his labors. In 18G7-tJS, Dr. Koljinson traveled
(piite extensively in Rnrojie. In 1S72 he became
president of Urown University. In this position
he lias shown not only the liigli, broad, and exact
scholarship which had alroaily been universally
i-ecogni^ed, but also great executive ability and

power of leadership. 'I'lio university has advanced
in all tlie elements of prosperity, umiiitaining the
position which naturally belongs to the oldest Bap-
tist college in America. As an educator. Dr. llob-
inson's power lies not alone in the kinswledge
whicii he communicates, liut in the mental and
spiritual quickening which lie imparts, in the ex-
am jde which is presented to the pupil of logical
acutcness, of mental independence, of reverent love
for truth, of loyalty to duty, lie has been a [jecu-
liarly wise counselor to those who were of an in-
quiring disposition, and who were pressing their in-
([uiries in a manner that was perilous to their faith.
He has not repelled or awed them by the parade of
authority, but he has pointed out to them the real
sources of knowledge, and has so wisely guided
their inquiries as to lead them to an intelligent
and well-grounde<l faith. His labors as an instruc-
tor have not wholly withdrawn Dr. llobiuson from
the pulpit. His preaching is niarkeil by logical
jiower, singular clearness of definition and state-
ment, directness of appeal to the conscience, a
vivid presentation of the great facts of religion and
the great lessons of duty. Dr. llobiuson has not felt
that Ids' position as a' minister of the gospel ma'de
it his duty to withdraw himself from all concern iu
public affairs. At critical times in the national
history, especially when tlie i:xistence of the
nation was at stake, his utterances from the plat-
form and the pulpit have been stirring beyond ex-
pression, arousing, deepening, and intensifying
the spirit of patriotism. Dr. llobiuson has not
published largely. His addresses and sermons,
though the result of intense and careful thought,
have usually been unwritten in form. Some of
his sermons and lectures have been reported with
varying degrees of correctness. His most elabo-
rate work was the revision of the translation of
Neander's " Planting and Training of the Church"
(which, in fact, amounted to a new translation).
While at llochester he was for several years the
editor of the Ckristiaii Ji'ei'ieto, and wrote exten-
sively for it.

Robinson, Jabez, was born in Bedford, AV'est-
chcster Co., N. Y., in 1787 ; converted in early
life; united with the Bedford Baptist church ; ke|it
a free '' Baptist Inn" for preachers and others ; given
to hospitality ; occupied (lositions of responsibility
in the church and in civil all'airs ; was justice of
the peace for more than thirty years ; was clerk
of the Bedford church until his death ; a man of
wide influence; died full of honors in 1873.

His brother, Henry Iloliinson, was born in 1791 ;
converted early ; member of the Bedford Baptist
church, a pillar in the church, and a father in
Israel.

Robinson, Robert, one of the most eminent
names iu Baptist history, was born at Swaffham,

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997

EOBINSON'

Norfolk, Englund, Oct. 8, 1735. lie vecoived for
ii few years exeelleiit instnietioii at tlic enilowed
gviiiiimar-scliool at Scariiin<;, Norfolk ; but tliu
death of liis fatlier comijellcd liiiii to leave seliool in

ROnERT ROni.VSON.

liis fourteentli year, lie was bound apprentice in
Cnitehed Friars, London, in 174'J. AltliguLdi it was
evident that literary pursuits were niurh inure con-
genial to him than business, he won the esteem of
all around him. He kept u)i his acquaintance witli
the classical languages and Krcncli, by early rising,
and linding time for reading everything that came
in his way. ^\'lH■n in his seventeenth year, he went
one Sunday evening to liear the celebrated George
AV'hitefield, who was then preaching in London.
The preacher's text was JMatt. iii. 7. Writing of
the event, Robinson says, " Mr. Whitelield descriljed
the Saddueean character : this did not touch me.
I thought myself as good a tdiristian as any man
in England. From this he went to that of the
Pharisees, lie descriljed their exterior decency,
Imt observed that the poison of tlie viper rankled
in their hearts. This rather shook me. At length,
in the course of his sermon, he abruptly broke off;
jiaused fur a few moments ; tiicn burst into a tlood of
tears ; lilted ujj his hands and eyes, and exclaimed,
' Oh, my hearers, the wrath's to come ! (he wrath's to
cume !' These words sank into my heart like lead
in tlic waters. 1 wept, and wdicn the sermon was
ended, retired alone. For days and weeks I could
think of little crlse. Those awful words would fol-
low me wherever I went." The convii^tiuus of sin
thus aroused held possession of lii:j niii.d, and he

obtained no relief until Dec. 10, 1755, when, to use
his own words, " he found full and free forgive-
ness through the precious blood of Jesus Christ,"
Having attained his majority in the autumn of
1750, his indentures were given up to liim, and he
was free. For some time ho renmined at his em-
ployment, associating constantly with Mr. "White-
licld's congregation at the 'I'abernaele. Many of his
friends thought that he had the (pialilications of a
preacher, but, altlmngh he felt stmngly drawn
towards the mini^try, he left London without
making his case known to Mr. AVhitelield, in the
winter of 1758, on a visit to his relatives in Norfolk.
At Mildenhall, in tliat county, he fouiul "many
souls awakriu'd who had the Word preached but now
and then ; we met of evenings to sing and pray and
s))eak our experience." At their repeated requests
lie began to preach. From tiiat time his course
was decided. His reputation as a yireacher raiiidiy
extended over the whole district, and in the sumnicr
of 175'J he wrote to Mr. Whitefield from Noi-wich,
" We have near forty members in the churcli which
I preach to, and many more are desirous of being
received. We have on the Lord's day several
hundred hearers who seem very scriqus and in-
quiring the way to Zion. On the week-days we
have abundance of ]jeopIe to hear. The days I do not
preach in Norwich the country people frequently
send for me, and multitudes come to hear, so that
the preaching-houses will notliold them." AVhilst
preaching in Norwieli he had not formally scfiarated
from the Established Cliurch, any more than White-
field or Wesley had, and a rich relation promised
to provide liberally for him if he would leave "the
IMothodists" and enter the ministry of the estab-
lishment. But he declined tlio olfer, and forfeited
the favor of his relative by so doing.

He had not questioned hitherto the propriety of
infant baptism, but one day he was invited to the
christening of a child, and the ceremony being de-
layed by the absence of the officiating minister,
one of tlie company expressed doubts concerning
the benefit of infant ba])tism. Mr. ]{obinson from
that time investigated the whole subject, and be-
came convinced that the Scriptures taught only the
baptism of liclievers. He was baptized at Elling-
liam, and soon after left Norwich, accepting an in-
vitation from the Baptist congregation at Cambridge
to visit them. lie continued preaching to them
without accepting the jiastoral office for nearly two
j'ears, until May 28, 17lil. He was publicly or-
dained June 11, following. His success in Cam-
bridge was marvelous. The meetingdiouse, which
had been " first a barn, afterwards a stable and
granary, then a meeting-house, and, notwithstand-
ing its pews and galleries concealed its meanness
within-side a little, it was still a damp, dark, cold,
ruinous, contemptible hovel," became too strait for

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liOJlliVSON'

'J98

JiOlilXSOX

the audiences which ussoinliled tliere. iSIeiiiberii
of the university and otlier lieai'er.s who hail never
in tlieir lives entered a liaiilist niei:ting-house, be-
came re;^idai' attenihmts. In I7li4 a ru'w cdilico,
ca|ial)le cjI' seating <i(l(l persuTis, was Ijuilt and paid
lor. Whilst llius |]r(is|)eriiiij; in his ministry in the
university tnwii, he enlarged the circle oNiis inllu-
ence by extensive village preaching in the sur-
rounding counti'y, and whei'evcr he went " the!
oommun people iieard him gladly." In 1774 he
had a congregation of 0()(J or IM jiersons. llis
popularity occasioned numerous |ireaeliing engagc^-
meiits Ijeyond his own sphere of labor, yet by iiis
niethoilieal habits and incredible industry he found
tijue for extensive reading, and few years passed
without some puldications from his ]ien. llis
translations of Saurin's " Sermons" and t.'lande's
" Kssay OM the Composition of a Sermon," in two
octavo volumes, with copious annotations, are
widely known. Besides numerous sermons, lec-
tures, and brief essays in illustration and defense
of the principles of Noneonfonriity, he was occu-
pied for several years with a history of the Baptists,
undertaken at the suggestion of the llev. Dr. Gif-
ford and other prominent members of the denomi-
nation, 'fhe fruit of tliis study appeared in the
two viilumes of "Ecclesiastical Kesearelies" and
the '• History of Haptism," published after his
death. E.xeessive labor, with unhappy complica-
tions in his private affairs, doubtless undermined
llis constitution and hasitened bis death, wliich took
place suddenly June 8, 179U, in his iifty-tifth year.
The later period of Uoljinson's life was clouded not
only by private sorrows, but also by his aberration
from orthodoxy, and the consequent withdrawal
from him of many attaeheil friends ami lirother
ministers. His enthusiastic devotion to liberty,
civil and ecclesiastical, attracted to him many per-
sons of skeptical opinions, whose inlluence was in-
jurious to llis spiritual hcaltli. His most recent
biographer, the late Kiiv. William Robinson, also a
pastor of the ehureli at Caml)ridge, says in a me-
moir puljlished in the "liunyaa Library" (London,
18ljl), " He was one of the most decided Unitarians
of the age, but never a mere Humanitarian. No
man has the riglit to call him either Socinian or
Arian. He held apjiannitly the indwelling hypoth-
esis to tiie end of his life, but became vague and
confused in its application. He was like a noble
vessel broken from its moorings and drifting out to
sea amidst fogs and i-ocks without a compass or a
ruilder." His wind may have been somewhat im-
Ijaired in his later years. A current tradition re-
ports that on one occasion when lie was preaching
from home his two well-known hymns were sung,
"Mighty God, while angels bless thee," and
"Gome, thou fount of every blessing." After the
service he expressed very strongly his wish that he

could feel as-he did when he wrote tlicui. A me-
moir of llnbinson by Mr. George Hyiu- was pub-
lislied'in I7'.'i>, ami anotber by Mr. lienjaiiiiii
Flower in ISOl, Imt the iiiosl complete and trust-
worthy ai-connt of tins remarkably gifted man was
given by the late Rev. W. luibinson in the volume
referred to above, in which :[yr. interesting extracts
from the ehurcli book, frmii Roliinson's own hand,
and a large collection of his letteis ariangi'd chron-
ologically, together with sehetions characteristic
of his genius from several of bis works, including
'■ The History and the Mystery of Good-Friday,"
" A Sermon on a Becoming Behavior in R(digious
Assemblies," " Morning Exercises," etc. It is well
known that the (udebrated Robert Hall succeeded
Robinson as pastor of tiie church at Cambridge.
Soon after his coming he was shown the copy ol an
epitaph which it was proposed to iiiscrilje on a tali-
let in the meeting-house at Birmingham where Mr.
llobinson last preached. Dissatislied with the in-
scription proposed, Hall consented to write a sub-
stitute, and produced the following choice culo-
gium : " Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Robert
Robinson, of Cambridge, the intrepid cliiinipion of
liberty, civil and religious. Kndowed with a genius
brilliant and penetrating, united to an indefatigable
industry, his mind was richly Curiiished with an
inexliaustible variety of knowledge, his eloquence
was the delight of every public assembly and his
conversation the charm of every private circle. In
him the erudition of the Scholar, the discrimina-
tion of the Historian, and the boldness of the Re-
former were united in an eminent degree with the
virtues which adorn the Man and the Christian.
He died at Birmingham on the 8th of -Tune, 1790,
aged 54 years, and was buried near this spot."

Robinson, Hev. Samuel, was born, in Isol, in

Ire land ; settled in Charlotte Co., New Brunswick,
in 183U. Rev. Thomas Ainslie, who evangelized
there about that time, saw the young Irishman, and
intimated that God designed him for a Raptist min-
ister. He was baptized in 1S31 by INlr. Ainslie ;
ordained pastor at St. George, New Brunswick,
Aug. 4, 1832; became, in 18.38, pastor of the Bap-
tist church, (iermain Street, St. Jolin, and subse-
quently pastor of Brussels Street church, and con-
tinued in this |)Osition till he! died, Sept. 19, IROO.

Mr. Robinson's ministry was a jiowcr in St. John,
and, indeed, in New Brunswick. He was distin-
guished for urbanity, administrative ability, symp-
athy, tact, indomitable energy, and successful
work.

Robinson, Rev. William, late of Cambridge,
Eiiglanil, was commended to the authorities of the
Rristol College in 1820, as a student for the min-
istry, by the Baptist church at Dunstable. After
a full course of, study lie received, in 1830, an in-
vitation to the church at Kettering, a church which,

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JWBV

999

liOClIKSTER

tlu'uiigli its connection witli tlic Missionary Society
nnd Andrew Fuller, held ii consjiicuoua position in
tlio deiioMiination. liut tlie yoiin;:; jiastor soon
proved liis fitness, and during the twenty-two years
of his ministry nt Kettcrinj; liis reputation as a
scholarly and able minister was fully established.'
In J851 he accepted the call of the church at Cam-
bridge, and for twenty-two years more ministered
in the pulpit formerly occupied by those far-famed
preachers, Robert Robinson and Robert Ilall. lie
received in 1870 tlie liinliest honor the Baptist do-
nomination in England has to bestow, when he
was electeil president of the Raptist Union, and it
was a significant token of the esteem in which he
was held by the public that, when the autumnal
meeting of the Union took place in Cambridge, the
Episcopalian heads of several of the colleges of
the university tendered hospitalities to the dele-
gates. Jlr. liobinson was a man who bad the
coui'age of his convictions ; but his straightfor-
ward plain speaking was perfectly blended with
courtesy and Christian simplicity. Pre-eminently
an expositor, he was mighty in the Scriptures, and
even aimed at the nicest accuracy in stating doctrine.
His studies were not e.\clusively Biblical or ecclesi-
astical. Physical science was specially attractive
to him, one of his last efforts being a review article
on Lyell's argnriients concerning the antiipiitj' of
man. lie died in Iowa, while on a visit to his chil-
dren settled in that State, in the autumn of 1S73.
lie published several pamphlets and a work en-
titled " Riblical Studies."

Roby, Z. D., D.D., was born in North Caro-
lina, I'cb. 9, 1838. Baptized in Georgia in ISufj;
ordained at the call of the Second Baptist church
of Columbus, Ga., in 1865 ; was ))astor of that
church and the eluircli in (Jirard, Ala., dividing
his time between them. In ISIJS he removed to
Salem, Ala., and became pastor there and of neigh-
boring churches. At the beginning of 1875 he
accepted the call of the church in 'I'uskegee, where
he still resides and labors amcjtig an intelligent
peopll^ The degree of |).l). was conferred on him
in 1879. Dr. Roby ranks with the best preachers
in the State.

Rochester Theolog-ical Seminary was fiunded

in l^.iO. I'p Id Ibis liiiii' ihe (inly Uaptist school
for literary and tl]e(jlogical training in the .State
of New York was Madison University, situated at
Hamilton. In 18-17 many friends of edncati(ju
throughout the .State, with a view to securing for
this university a more suitable location and a more
complete endowment, sought to remove the institu-
tion to Rochester. This ]n-ojoet was op|)osed liy
fi-iends of Hamilton, legal obstacles were discovi'red,
the (|uestion was carried into the courts, and the
plan of removal was finally abandoned as im prac-
ticable. Not so, however, the plan of establishing

a theological seminary and university at Rochester.
Rev. Phareellus Church, H.D., and Messrs. John N.
Wilder and Oren Sage devoted much time and
energy to awakening public sentiment in behalf
of the new enterprise. A subseri|)tion of $130,000
was secured for the college. Five professors In
Haniilton — Drs. Conant and Maglnnis of the senii-
nary, and Drs. Kendrick, Raymond, and Richard-
son of the university — resigned their places, and
accepted a call to similar positions in the new insti-
tutions at Rochester. In. Novemljer, 1850, classes
were organized in the Rochester Theological Semi-
nary as well as in the University of Rochester,
and instruction was bi;gun in temporary quarters
secured for the purpose. Many slmlents came
with their professors from Hamilton. The first
class graduated from the Theological Serniiuiry
numbered 7 members, and the first fiublished cata-
logue, that of I8.7I-512, enrolls the names of 2
professors and of -9 students.

Although the early history of the Seminary was
intinnitely connected with that of the University
of Rochester, and the two institutions at the
beginning occupied the same building, there has
never been any organic connection between them,
either of governnu/nt or of instruction. While the
University has devoted itself to the work of general
college training, the Rochester Theological Semi-
nary has been essentially a professional school, and
has aimed e.\<dusively to fit men, by special studies,
for the work of the miriistry. It has admitted only
college graduates and those who have been able
successfully to pursue courses of study in cunnec-
tion. with college graduates. Beginning with the
two professorships of Theology and of Hebrew,
it has added professorships of Ecclesiastical His-
tory, of New Testament Greek, of Homiletics and
Pastoral Theology, and of Elocution. Besides its
two original professors, — Rev. Thomas J. Conant,
D.D., and Rev. John S. Maginnis, D.D., — it has
numbered in its faculty the names of John H.
Raymond, Velona R. llotchkiss, George W. Nortli-
rup, Asahel C. Kendrick, R. J. W. Bnckland, Ho-
ratio B. llaekett, William C. Wilkinson, Howard
Osgood, Wni. Arnold Stevens,'!', llarwood Pattison,
anil licnjamin O, True. To Rev. Ezckiel G. Rob-
inson, D.D., I.L.D., however, jn'ofessor in the semi-
nary IVinu 1853 to 1872, and from 18CS to 1872 its
president, the institution probably owes more of
its character and success than to any other single
man. His snci-essor in the presidency and in the
chair of Biblical Theology is Rev. Augustus II.
Strong, D.D., who has n(jw (1881) for liinc years
held this position.

In 1854 a German ilopartment of theSeminary
was organized. The (jerman llaptist cburchesof the
country, which in 1850 were only ten in number, have
now increased to more than one hundred. This con-

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1000

IK) CHESTER

staiit growth hiis occasioned a demand for ministers
witli suiiie degree of trainiii!;. Tliu Ooriiiaii depart-
ment iw designed lo meet thin necessity. In ISfjS,
Ilev. Augustus Uanselienhuseh, U.l*., a|iu)iil ol Me-
ander, was secureil to take cliarge (if tliis work, and
in 1872, liev. Ilerinann M. SoliUU'er was chosen as
his colleague. The course of studies in the German
department is four years iti h^igth, and being de-
signed for young nicn who have had little )ire-
partitory training, is literary a.s well as theological.
This coarse is totally distinct from the regular
course iif tlie Seminary, which is accum[ilisl]ed in
three years.

AV'hen the Seminary began its existence it was
wholly without endowment, and, ilejieudent as it

erty SC53,tlOO. When all subscriptions are paid in
and its debts are cancelled, the institution is ex-
pected to have a productive endowment of $450,0O0,
an amount sufficient to maintain it.s operations only
upon condition that tlie churches .shall continne to
provide, as they have hitherto done, Ijy annual con-
tributions for tlie sufijiort of students preparing for
tlie ministry. 'J'his comparative [irosperlty ol' later
years has Ijeen due, under Providenct.', to the wise
and lil)eral gifts of a few tried friends of the sem-
inary, among wlioui nniy be mentioned the names
of John 15. Trevor, of Yonkers, N. Y. ; Jacob V.
WyckoU; of New York City; John D. Rockefeller,
of Cleveland, O. ; ^ViHiam Ivoekefeller, of New
Y(n-k ; Charles I'ratt, of Brooklyn; Joseph B.

.•fc>«

TREVOR HALL, ROCllE.STIiR TnEOLOGICAL SEMINARV.

was upon the churches for means to defray its cur-
rent expenses as well as to support its beneticiaries,
the raising of a sullicient endownu;nt in addition
was a long and arduous work. In fact, it has only
now, after thirty years of eilbrt, been accomplished.
The sum first sought to bo secured was S7.'),000.
Tills was not (ditaiiied until after ten years liad
passed. In ISli.S the funds of the Seminary had
reached $100,000; in Ls74, including subscriptions
of §100,000 yet nnpaid, they amounted to ?281,-
000; in 18S1, including subscriptions of S17'J,000
yet unpaid, they aiiiuunt to S.512,0(MJ. Adding to
this sum the real estate of the Seminary, valued at
§123,000, its library valued at §32,000, and otlier
property to tiie extent of §6500, the total assets of
llie institution may now be stated as amounting to
§f)74,000, from which, however, is to be suljtraiir.l
an indebtedness of §21,000, leaving its net prop-

Iloyt, of Stamford, Conn.; Chiirles Siodler, of
Jersey City, N. J. ; William A. Cauldwell, of New
York ; Mrs. Eliza A. AVitt, of Cleveland, 0. ; John
II. Heane, of New York ; and others.

The Seminary instruction was for some years
given in the buildings occupied by the University
of Rochester. In 1.SG9, however, the erection of
Trevor Hall, at an expense of $42,000, to- which
John B. 'frevor, Esq., of Yonkers, was the largest
donor, put the institution for the first time in pos-
session of suitaljje dormitcu'y accommodations.
Tlie gyiunasium building, adjoining, erected in
1874, and costing with grounds §12,000, was also
a gift of l\Ir. Trevor. In 187'J Rockefeller Hall,
costing §38,000, was built liy John It. Rockefeller,
Esip, of Cleveland, 0. It contains a spacious lire-
proof room for library, as well as lecture-rooms,
museum, and chaiiid, and furnishes admirable and

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ample iiccoiniuodiition for the teachiii}; wcirk of tlio
fieininary. In luldition to these buiUliiii;s the Oer-
iii:in StiKleiits' Hume, purehased in 1874, at a eost
of S2(I,II0I), furnishes a duriiiitory :nid buardinj^-
hall fur the German department.

The library of (he Mcminary is one of j^reat valno
for theoluiiieal investigation. It emijraees the
whole collection of Neandor, the great German
<;luireh historian, which was presented to the sem-
inary in 1853 ))y the late Hon. Koswcll S. Bnr-
ro.ws, of Albion, N. Y. It also contains in great
part the exegetieal apparatus of the late Dr. Ilora-
Uu B. llackett. Valuable additions have been
made to it from the " IJi'uce Fund" ol' $25,000, sub-
scribed in ISTl! by John M. 15i-uce, Kscp, of Youkers,
;ind further additi(ms from this source are hoped
for. The generous subscription in I.ST'J of .'J"25,OO0,
by William llockclVller, Ksq., of New York City,
Inis furnished means for extensive enlargenuint, so
that the library now numbers over 18,000 volumes,
and it is well provided iji all the various departments
of theology. In I8,S0 the " Sherwood Fund," con-
tributed by the late Ixev. Adiel Sherwood, I).D.,of
St. Louis, Mo., furnished the means fiu' beginning
:i Alnsenm of Biblical Geography and Arehasology,
intended to provide, in object lessons, valuable aids
for the study of the Iluly Land, its customs and
its physical features.

Thus the Rochester Theological Seminary has
grown from small beginnings to assured strength
and snecoss. Its early years were years of trial
iind fiimneial struggle ; but, founded as it was in
the prayers and faith of godly men, it has lived to
justify the hopes of its founders. Of those who
took a deep interest in its feeble beginnings should
Ijc jnentioned the names of Alfred Bennett, Wil-
liam R. Williams, Justin A. Smith, Zenas Free-
man, Alvali Strong, Friend Humphrey, E. E. L.
Taylor, E. Lathrop, J. S. Backus, B. T. Welch,
William Phelps, Lemuel C. Paine, II. C. Fish, A,
15. (Japwoll, K. W. Benedict, G. C. Baldwin, G.
]). BoardmaVi, A. R. Pritchard, Henry 10. Robins.
All these have been ollicers of the New Y'ork Bap-
tist Union for ^Ministerial Education, or members
of its board of trustees. The liiumcial niaimge-
luent of this board has been such that no loss of
funds, of any signilicunce, intrusted to its care has
ever occurreil.

The results of the work of the Seminary can
never be measured by arithmetic. As its purpose
has been to make its graduates men of thinking
ability and of jiractical force, as v/M as students
and preachers of the word of God, it has leavened
the denomination with its intluence, ami has done
much to give an aggressive, independent, manly
tone to our ministry. The names of sonu' ol its
former students, such as J. II. Castle, .1. li. Sim-
mons, J. V. Schufield, J. D. Fulton, R. .J. .Vilums,
G4

P. W. Bickei, G. W. Clarke, B. 1). Marshall, E.
Nisbet, E. ,(. Fish, J. \i. Thomas, (ialusha Ander-
son, !•;.,). Goudspeed. K, G. Tayhu-, C. J). W. Bridg-
man, Norman Fo.x, (J, W. Northrop, A. ICingman
Nott, J. C. llasclhnhn, I!. I\l. Nult, C. B.Crane, J.
S. (jlubelmann, Lemuel Moss, Tliumas Uugers, J. C.
C. Clarke, .1. II. Gnllith, A. A. Kendrick, Wayland
Iloyt, A. .). Sage, H. L. iMorehouse, W'm. A.
Stevens, J. W. U. Clark, S. W. Duncan, A. J.
Rowland, J. F. Elder, 'J'. J. Backus, C. J. Bald-
win, T. J. Morgan, Wm. T. Stott, AV. R. Bene-
dict, R. S. Macarthur, E. II. Johnson, W. C. P.
Rhoades, K. 1!. Hull, A. J. Barrett, 0. P. Gif-
ford, T. S. Barbour, ami many others, are enough
to show that its training has combined in equal
)jroportioiis the intellectual and the sjiiritual, the
theoretical and the practical. During the thirty
years of the seminary's existence, and up to the
present year (1881), 745 persons have been con-
nected with tin! institution as students, of whom
5'.H1 have attended upon the English and 155 upon
the (lei-imm department. Of the 500 in the Eng-
lish department, 444 have been gradnatiss of col-
leges, and 54 have pursued partial courses in col-
leges. Sixty-five different colleges and 42 different
States and countries have furnished students to
the seminary. Three hundred and sixty-nine per-
sons have completed the full three years' course,
including the study of the Hebrew and Greek
Scriptures ; 221 have pursued a partial course, or
have left the sen;inary before graduating. The
average number of students sent out each year has
boon I'J. The number of students during the last
seminary year has been 70, (if whcnn 50 -were in
the English department. Of its former students,
41 have lilled the position of jnesident or professor
in theological seminaries or colleges ; 31 have gone
abroad as foreign missionaries ; and 25 liave been
missionaries in the West j 20 liave been secretaries
or agents of our benevolent societies ; and 4 have
become editoi-s of religious journals. With such
a record in the past, and in the present more fully
equipped than ever before for its work, there seems
to open before the seminary a fnturct of the utmost
promise. It remains only to state that the Roches-
ter' Theological Seminary is nniintained and con-
trolled by the New York Baptist Union for Minis-
terial Education, a society composed of contributing
members of Baptist churches, and that the actual
government and care of the scniiiiniry is in its de-
tails committed to a board of trustees of thirty-
three members, eleven of wlmm are elected by the
Union annually. The present president of the
board of trustees is John H. Dijatie, Esq., of New
York, and the corresponding secretary is Rev.
William Elgin, of Kochester, N. Y.

Rochester, University of.— 'I'his institution is
situated in Rochester, N. Y., a city of 90,000 in-

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ROCIIKSTEIi

1002

ROCirESTKR

Iiabitants, du llie Genesee lliver, six miles suiitli of
Luke OiitiLrio. It li;is no prepunitofy deiiiii'tMieMt,
iiiij no oi'giinio coiineetion witli (lio ilourisliin;;
tlicoloj^ieal seminary in the same eity ; noi' lias it
as yet or^anizeil seliools of law, nioclicine, w ap-
[ilieil seionee. Us ]mr]Kise — so far as tliat |iiir|ii)s(!
lias lieeii attained — is simply lo'snperindiiee upon
tlie iiisM'uction jiivcn in the ueaJemy or the hi,nh
selioul, surh liroail and generous eultarc us is essen-
tial to the suoeessfiil pro-eeution of any ol' tlio
learned professions, and indisputably useful to the
merehant, the farmer, or the meehanic.

III. The eelectio course, desJLnied for stnilunta
who may desire to reeeivo instrueticm in partieulur
<lepartments without heconiin;; candidates lor de-
f^rees. Such students are admitted, provided they
hav(! the reipiisite preparation for the studies of
those ih'partments and bei-onn: subi(!ct to the. laws
of the university. This arrauiienynt is inteniU'd
to meet the wants of those whose a^e or circum-
stances nuiy prevent them from (jursuing either of
the regular courses, but who are desirous of oli-
taiuing the liberal culture which the studies of a
portion of the course will give them. Special care

UNivEHsrrv of kocuester.

Three courses of study are open to the members
of the university :

I. The classical course, extending through four
years, — at the expiration of which time those who
have satisfactorily met the requirements of tlio
faculty are admitted to the degree of Bachelor of
Arts.

II. T"he scientific course, extending through four
years, — requiring Latin as essential to the .success-
ful prosecution of the nnjdcrn languages and the
nuistery of scicntilic terminology ; but proscribing,
in the place of Greek, ii jnore extended course of
study in the physical sciences. Those \' li'^ satis-
factorily complete this course are adiuuud to the
decree of Bachelor of Science.

is taken to give such pupils the instruction which
they require. .

I'he number of students in attendance upon tlio
university in 1880 was 100, of whom 10.'; wiu'e
pursuing the classical course, 16 the scientific
course, 10 the ecdectic course, while 21 were special
student.s in the department of chemistry. These
stuilents were distributed itito classes as follows:
Seniors, 30; Juniors, 2fi ; Sophomores, 32; Fresh-
men, 53. Of the whole number of .student.s, 4ll
were from Rochester ; 83 from places in the State
of Now York outside of Hochester; while the
remaining 31 were divided among 14 dilFerent
.States, as follows : Pennsylv.Miia, 5 ; Michigan, 4 ;
New Jersey, 4; Illinois, 4; Connecticut, 3; Ohio,.

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ROC II EST EH

lUUIJ

HU a UK ST Ell

3; MiiiiK!, I\l:iss:iclmsotts, Iowa, Minnesota, (.Jiili- I
i'uriiia, WisuoMsiii, Kuiitiicky, (iuorf;i:L, I I'iicli.

'riiu iuculty III' iiislniotioii iui-lmlcs the; IoHdw- i
ing names, twolvu in nnniliiT: .Miirtin 1!. -i\n-
derson, LL.l)., I'rosidont, liiuhanlv I'i'otb.ssov of
Intolleotniil and Moral I'liilo.sDpliy ; A.salicl C.
Kendriek, i).I)., 1,1,. D., Munvo rrftfossor uf the
Greek Lani^iia;^^ and Litfralnre ; JNaai: 1''. (^iiinliy,
LL.D., llarri.s l'ru^l,^s^s(lr of -Mathciiiatics and Nat-
ural l'liilus(j|diy ; Samuel A. Luttimure, I'li.lJ.,
LL.D., Professor of CliemLstry and L'uratur uf the
Cabinets; Albert IL Jlixer, A.M., I'njfessur of
Modern Lanj^uagos ; Joseph Jl. (jiilmore, A.M.,
Deane Professor id' Loj;ic, lUietorie, and Eiii^lisli
Literature; Otis IL Kidjinsun, A.M., Professor of
Matheniatiea and Librarian -. William 0. Murey,
A.M., Professor of Latin and History; Henry F.
Hurton, A.M., Assistant Lii'ofessor of Latin ; Georf;e
JL Forljes, A.I\L. Assistant Professor of Greek ;
E. 11. Benton, Assistant "I'rofessor of the Natural

adorned and well-kept h)t, embracinj^ twenty-three
and a half aeres.

The principal building, Anderson Hall, was
designed aliiinsi exclusively for 'reeitatiun-rooms,
although it alfurds temporary aeeoinmodations fur
the chapel, cal)inets, and chemical laboratory of
the university, and includes, in the basement, apart-
ments Ibr the janitor and nmple I'uirdities fur Btor--
agt;. It is a severidy plain but v<M-y substantial
structure, uf brtiwnstone, three stories in lioight,
and \M feet in length by GO in breadth. The cost
of the building, which was completed in 180 1, was
^39,000.

Sibley llall, the gift of the lion. Hiram Sibley,
of lloehestcr, is a strictly lire-proof building, de-
signed for the accommodation of the library, and
capable of affording shelf-room for '2;")(),000 vol-
umes. It is 1 2.'^ feet by CO, witii a projection 20
feet square in the centre of the front, and has only
two lluors, though its walls are 52 feet in height.

^1111, i:v iiAi.i., r.M\ LKsrrv ov it(ji;iit:sTi;it.

Sciences: Herman K. Phinnoy, A.M., Assistant
Librarian.

Notices of President Anderson and several of
his colleagues will be found in this work, under
their respective names.

The buildings of the Ifniversity of Rochester are
situated in the eastern [lart of the city, alu.ut a
mile from the business centre, ou a handsomely

The nniterial is brownstoiio, with white trim-
mings; the style of architcctui'c is smiu'wlnit
ornate ; and the building cost about l{)Ul0,t)00.
The lower story is at present all that is needed for
the aceummodatiun of the library, and the upper
story will, it is hoped, soon be iitted up to receive
the valuable cabinets of the university. '

On the university campus there is also a small

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ROCHESTER

1004

ROCHESTER

building erected for the accommodation of tlie
Trovoi' telescope, — an instrument designed mainly
for use as an adjunct to class-rooiu instructiuu,
tliuugli .sulIiciL'ntl3' iiovverful for imrjioses of special
investigation. And, but a few steps from tlie
campus, on a plot nl' ground fuur acres in extent,
is the president's lioiise, wliieli \fas )irescnted to
tlie university by tlio 'eiti/.ens of llocliester and
others in iMiS.

Tlie library of tlie university has been acquired
mainly by piircliase, and includes few dnplicates,
and still i'ewer trasliy and ephemeral publications.
It contains more tluui 1>S,(J00 volnmos, and espe-
cial caro is taken to make its contents practically
available by a iMrd catalogue, and by indexes of
periodical and (if miscellaneous literature, all of
wliieli are constantly kept up to date, and accessi-
ble to every stndent. Provision is made for the
annual increase of the library liy a fund of S."i(),()(k),
which was presented to the university by (jen. John
F. Kathbone and Lewis llathbone, of Albany.

The cabinets of geology and mineralogy were
collected by Prof. Henry A. Ward during ten
years of extensive foreign travel and during many
careful visits to the most fruitful American locali-
ties, 'fliey were purchased by the citizens of
lloehcstcr, in 18G2, for §-!0,00l) (a sum far less
than their |U'esent estimated value), and ])resented
to the university. Dr. Torrey, of Columbia Col-
lege, says that "no geological cabinet in the
United States tan coni|iare, in magnitude and
value, with this ;" and that the mineralogical cab-
inet, "although it is not the best in the United
States, is excelled by very few, and is admirably
selected for the purpose of instruction." " Por
fullness and perfection of specimens," says Presi-
dent Loomis, of Lewlsburg, " it is superior to any
cabinet that I have ever seen." Prof Silliman
(Jr.) characterizes it as " the most extensive geo-
logical museum in the United States," and pre-
dicts that "it will ultimately attract students from
all parts of the country," — a prediction which is
already realized. Similar opinions have been ex-
pressed by Prof. Hitchcock (Sr.), President Win-
chell, and Profs. Agassiz, Hall, and Orton.

The value of the unproductive property of the uni-
versity (inchuling land, buildings, library, cabinets,
and apparatus) was, in June, 1881, ?40S,4O.i.05.
The interestdjcaring funds were, at the same date,
S!4.'ir),007.15. The expenses of the university for the
year ending June 5, 1881, were $30,016.34. Its
receipts from stiidetita' tuition were $5485; from
other sources, $28,121.34; making a total of
$33,507.83, — being an excess of income over ex-
penses, for the last academic year, of $2891. 19.

The university year begins twelve weeks alter
commencement-day, ■which occurs on the necnnd
Wednesday before the first of July, and i^ divided

into three terms. Each student is charged, for tuition
aii<l incidentals, $25 a term. Forty scholarships,
yielding free tuition, are, however, set apart for
candidates for the Uaptist ministry, twelve similar
scholarships for graduates of the Koehester city
schools, four similar scholarships (endowed) for
graduates of the lirockpurt State Normal School,
and six similar seholarships (endowed) for indi-
gent students who fall under neither of these cate-
gories. The university also has a fund of S50,00()
(the gift of .Inhn 11. lU'ane, Esq., of New York),
the interest of which is available for the assistance
of the sons of Baptist ministers, — jireference being
given, other things being equal, to students from
the States of New York and New Jersey. In
point of fact, tuition is reiiiitti;d to every student
of )iromise who really needs such remission, and
the number of those who do need it is about one-
third the whole number in attcndaiiee. The uni-
versity also distriiiutes about Ij-iOO a year in prizes,
the most important of which is the Stoddard medal,
valued at §10lt, fur prolieieney in mathematics ;
and there arc, in addition, two post-graduate schol-
arships,— the Sherman scdiolarship in the depart-
ment of political economy, and the Townsend
scholarship in the department of constitutional
law, — each of which yields, to some member of
the graduating class, .$30(1.

The University of llocliester has no " dormi-
tories." its custodians regarding them as of ques-
lionable value so far as economy is concerned, and
a positive detriment to the student physically,
morally, and intellectually. In a city of the size
of Rochester it is not difiicult liir the university to
find suitable accommodations for its students in
Christian homes; and they are taught to regard
themselves as members of the community in which
tliey temporarily reside, subject to its laws and
amenable to its usages. The price which the iiuli-
vidual student pays for room and board varies from
$3 to $0 per week, making his total expense, on
this account, for the forty weeks during which the
college is in session fall between $120 and $240 a
year. The students of the university are addicted
to no expensive amusements, and are, as a rule,
economical in their habits. Some of them, no
doubt, with the help of free tuition, get thmugh
the year Hn- $250 apiece ; and the faculty would
regard $500 as a liberal allowance for any one of
them. Meanwhile, students for the ministry re-
ceive aid — in some cases to tlic amount of $100 n
year — from the " Union for Ministerial Fiducation ;"
and in a city whose industries are so numerousand
varied as those of llocliester, fre(|uent opportunitii's
for remunerative employment that will not seriously
interfere with one's studies present themselves.

The discipline of the university, whicli is ad-
ministered by the president, is that of the family

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ROCHESTER

1005

ROCHESTER

riitlan- thun that of tliu pwlico station. Yourif^
men are put, as far as possible, upon tlieir honor,
and encouraged to beeoiMC, in a \n'^\i and noble
sense, a law unto tlieniselves. Tliey are encour-
aged fully to eonuiiunieate with the members of
the faculty upon all matters connected with llieir
intellectual and religious culture, as well as with
lefi.'rence to their pecuniary dilliculties, their plans
and purposes. The necessity for discipline is thus
very largely forestalled by establishing, in place of
the time honored antagouisni botwueii teacher and
pu|)ils, relations of personal friendship which 'will
enable the instructor to exert a constant inllueneo
for good.

The discipline, as well as the instruction of the
university, is facilitated hy tlie fact that it has no
" tutors" or "'instructors;'' that each student, so
soon as he enters the university, is brought in per-
sonal contact with mm who have made the disci-
pline and training cd' youth a life-study. The
time-honored American college course — a liistinc-
tive outgrowth of American society, which has
proved its usefulness too conclusiv<!ly to be lightly
set aside — forms the basis of instruction in the
university ; but the course is, in accordance witli
the dejuaiiils of the times, enlarged in the direction
of the modern languages and tin; |)hysical sciences,
and is subject to S(niic variation, to adapt it better
to the wants of the individual student during the
•Junior and Senior years. Special eneouragement
is given to the best hien in each class to pursue
extra studies under the immediate sujiervision of
the Faculty ; ami ni.my of the students, in this
way, |u-actically add a fifth yi'ar to tlnir under-
graduate cinirse. (Ireat freedom of discussion
is permitted in the class-room, and the utnu)st
pains is taken in every department of instruction
to trace the growth of principles and the bearing
of conllieting opinions on the vital rputstions of tlie
|iresent day. It is a delinite purpose with the
corps of instructors not merely tn store the mind
with facts, but to develop the capacity to accumu-
late and co-ordinate facts, and give expression to
the principles which underlie Iheici. Their para-
mount object, however, is to fit tin; students in-
trusted to their charge, min-ally as well as intel-
lectually, to ac<piit themselves as men in any station
that they may l)e ealh;d to fill ; and it is believed
that the graduates of the Univcirsity of Uoehester,
wherever they arc found, eviiu'e an indc|n'ndi'nce
of thought, a breadth of iMilture, and an adapta-
tion to the exigencies of jiractieal life with which
college grailinites are mit, as a (dass, acuM^dited.

It is necessary to sup|)lement the cursm'y view
that li.as lieen taUen of the University of lujehc-lcr
as it is, by an oullrn<' skiitch id' its history, whi. h ;
will still further illustrate its distinctive characiia. ;
As. early as ],S2(J the IJaptists of the State of I

New York established at Hamilton, in Madison
County, an institution of learning which "had
one object exclusively, inimely, to furnish means
for the education of yijung men who shall give
evidence of a call to the Christian ministry." 'I'ho
object and methods of instruction at Hamilton
gradually broadened in the lapse of time, but not
to a degree commensurate with the growing inter-
ests of the New York IJapti.sts in general, as dis-
tinguished from distinctively ministerial, education.
Meanwhile, objection was made to Hamilton as an
unsuitable site for such a college as the liaptists of
New York would inevitably demand, and attention }
was called to the fact that west of Ca3'uga Bridge
there was a large section of the State — populous,
intelligent, wealthy, and rapidly being brought
into railroad eommunii;ation with Pennsylvania,
(.■■anada, iind the great West — which was utterly
destitute of collegiate facilities.

The result was a detei-mined eifort, which took
definite shape in 1847, to remove JNIadison Uni-
versity to Kochester, give to its course of study a
broailer and more generous character, and secure
for it an adequate endownuuit. Into the heated
conti-oversy between the friends and opponents of
removal to which this proposition gave rise it is
not necessary or desii-able to go. The removal of
Madison University to Kochester was authorized
liy the Legislatui-e of the State, voted by its board
of ti-uslees, and approved by a large convention of
Ni!W York Baptists assembled at Albany in 1849.
Legal hindrances wen-, however, thrown in the
way of the desired change, and the advocates of
removal made application to " the itegents of the
University of the State of New York" lor a charter
for ii new college at Kochester. This application
was granted -Ian. 31, 1850, subject to the proviso
that I? 130, 000 be raised for the new college within
two years. On the 12d of Dec'cmber, in the same
year, satisfactory ))roid' was submitted to the regents
that this [U-ovision had been cmnplied with ; and,
I'\di. 14, 185], the regents issui'd that charternnder
which the university is now organiziMl.

This charter did not vest the control of the uni-
versity in any religions denomination. It sini)dy
(u-oated a .self-per|i<!tuiiting board (jf trustees, —
twenty-four in nunibir, — who hold (dlice for life,
but nniy be removed, by vote of their associates,
for non-attendanoe at five successive annual m(;et-
mgs. Twenty of the trustees named in the charter '♦
were Bafitists, and the Baptists have thus nniin-
tained an ofi'ective control over the university.
HiH'erent religious diniominations have always, '
however, been repres(o\tcd in its board of tru>lee3
and faculty of instrnctiim ; and Methoilists, I'resby-
t(u-ians, 10pisi;opalian>(, KonianiNts, and Jews meet ,,
on an equal fiioting with Baptists in its chapel and
recitation-rooms.

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ROCHESTER

1000

ROCHESTER

It iimst iiDt lie inruvix'd tliat oitlicr the loj;;il
guardians of tiie University of Iloeliester or its coi|i.s
of insti'uetors rei;uid willi iudilleieiiee any of the
truths inouleated in tlio Christian Srri|itures. 'I'hcy
simply feel that the college class-rooin i.s no place
for the diseiissioa of llmse trnths rcsiicc-tiu^^ whicli
('hristians theiiisulves are iinliap|*ily diviil(Ml; tliat
the true aim ol' a diMioaiinatioiial colleije is nut to
proselyte, hut to priiti'ct. Instruction is j^iven in
every de])artnH'nt IVoni a Cliristian stand-|ioint,
and in a Christian spirit j and it is the aim of tlio
faculty, in eonneetion \\'ith the discipline of the
intellect, to inculcate a pure nniraiity and tlujse
truths and duties lespectinL^ which all evangelical
Christians are agreed. The students, whatever
their religious proclivities, are expected to attend
morning prayers in the university chapel, and at-
teudanoe upon tliat exercise is, in point of fact, as
regular as at any (jther.

The University of lloehester wasorganizoa, under
the provisional charter granted liy the regents, on
tlie first iMonday in Noveniher, 1850, having at-
tracted to itself five professors — 'I'homas J. Oonant,
John S. Maginnis, A. C. Kendriek. J(d]ii II. llay-
niond, John F. Riehardsou — and a considi;rable
number of students from tlie older institution at
llauiilfon. The first (tatalogui! reported S instruc-
tors and 71 pupils; aud ii\ July, I>^.")1, it gradu-
ated its first class of 10. In lS.;;i, M:irlin 15. An-
derson, LL.I)., assuau'd the presidency of the new
institution, and its ultimate success was from that
time assured. Still, it has passed through nnmy
periods of adversity, during which its very exist-
ence seemed im))eriled ; and those periods of ad-
versity have corresponded very closely to our
periods of initlonal depression and gloom. In
1856, when the university was l)Ut six years old,
its students uiunhered 103, and it seemed destined
speedily to taiie rank with institutions that could
boast of ii, century's growth. Then came the linan-
cial crisis of 1857, attended by pecuniary embar-
rassment for the university, and a diminution of
its Freshnnm class from 47 in 185G to 28 in 1858.
In 18tJ0 the university seemed to have measurably
recovered its lost ground. 'I'he entering class num-
bered 45, and the whole laimbcr of students was
168. Then canu; the civil war. The first two
years' regiment raised in New York to recruit tin;
Union army was raised and commanded by Pro-
fessor (afterwards General) Quinby. Of the 198
alumni of the university (including the class of
1861 ), 25, (U' about one in eight, entered the service,
and these were S|jeedily joined by 29 of the lower
classmen. Three undergraduate memhers of the
university and seven of its alumni died of wounds
or disease in the service; of tlieir country, aii 1 their
names arc commemorated by a memorial taljht iu
the university chapel. So far as is known, only

one graduate of the uiuversity entered the Confed-
erate army ; an<l he was faithful to the cause that
I he espoused, and sealed his' devotion by his death.
Not only were the classes of the university, but the
classes of the preparatory schools on which it
relied for students, thus depleted by the civil war;
and a temlency was developed among the young
nnui of the country lowar<ls active rather than
stULlent life, wiiieh has hardly yet been outgrown.
As a natural conse'|ueuce, the entering class fell
as low as 19 (iu l'"'''i4), and the whole number of
stuilouts as low as KK) (in 1866). With the return
of peace there was a gradual iiu'rease in the nuni-
bc'r of stuilcnts, however, until, in 1873, the Fi'esli-
mali class included 53, arul the whole number of
students in attemlance was 173. It was not long
before the financial distress of the nation again in-
terfered with the peeuni;iry prosperity of the uni-
versity, and sensibly diminished the number of its
students, w ho, in 1S78, were onlj' I4(), though there
are cheering indications of returning prosperity.

During all tliese vicissitudes the University of
Rochester has been sustained by the devotion of
its lujblediearted president, supported hy a body
of friends and benid'actors of whom any institu-
tion of learning might well be proud. I'rominent
among thi' eaidy friends of tlie university stood
John N. Wilder, I'hareellus Church, and Oren
Sage, of Rochester ; William I,. Marcy, Ira Harris,
and Friend IIuuLphrey, of Albany ; William R.
AVilliams, Sewall S. Cutting, and Robert and Wil-
liam Ivelley, ofNew Y<udv. 'With these names nniy
properly be associated that of William N. Sage,
who has from the first had charge of the (itiances
of the university, atid has contributed more effi-
ciently to its success than an}' other nnan.save its
first and only president. 'I'he naun.'s of the prin-
cipal pecuniary lienefactors of the university may
be ascertained from the following list, which in-
cludes the luimes of all persons who have sub-
scribed ?10,000 or more to its funds. The sums
allixed to their respective names are all the eulogy
they require: Hon. Hiram Sibley (library build-
ing), §102,000; John 15. Trevor, §113,000; John
H. Dean e, §100,000; Hon. William Kelley and
family, ?3S, 5,50 : Otn. John F. Rathbiuie (library
fund), §42,575 ; Tracy II. Harris (chair of Math-
ematics), §30,2.50; Joseph 15. Hoyt, §27,600;
Charles Pratt, §25, ,500 ; Jeremiah Millbank,
§25,000; .John D. Rockefeller, §25,000; State of
Now York (Anderson Mall), $25,000; Jai'ob F.
Wyckon; §22,000; James 15. Colgate, §20,000;
Gideon W. Burbank (chair of Metaphysics), §17,-
500; Lewis Pvathbone (library fund), §12,500;
Deacon Oren Sage and family, §11,765; Lewis
Roberts, §10,925 ; John N. Wilder, §10,000 ; Hon.
Azariah 15oody (land), §10,000.

The number of students who since the organiza-

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ROCIIKHTKR

1007

ROCKn'KLL

tioii of tlu! university liave coiii|(let('(l the cias.sioiil
ciiur.-io iiriil voooivcil tin; dciiret; of A. 15. is 707. TIjo
niiiiLlier who liiivc ruMipliiti'il the scieiitilic ooiii'so
ajiil rcceivL'il tliu dej^rec nf 15. S. is 3'J. Tlio wlmlu
imiiihcr of j;iMc]iiati's, down lo and including IS.'Sl,
is 740. Of tliL- iji-iiduati'.s of the univer.sity, ISI liad,
in IS78, entin'cd (lif Cliristian iniiiisn'y, includini;
Kiioli nu'u as tin; laineuti'd Kiiijrnian Nott; Bj-idm;-
iinui, JIac.Vrdiui-, and Hull, of New Y(U-U ; (!i-atie,
of Huston ; Fulton, of JJnjoklyn ; (ioodspeed, of
Cliiraj^o ; Sajje, of Hartford ; Telford, Chiluott, and
K I ever, of Oliina ; Jaiiiesou, of Bassein ; and Com-
fort, of Assam. One liundred and nineteen (repre-
.sented by suelunen as Jnd;;o Uailey, of the Appellate
Court of Illinois; Jud,;^e Tourgee, of tlie Superior
Court of North Carolina; .ludjre .Mai-onilier, of the
Su[jreme Court of New York) had studied law ;
10 had studied medicine ; IS (including sueli names
as Manton Marble, Joseph 0 Connor, and Rossiter
Johnson) had attained to a, )UMininent position as
jouriuili^ts ; yo — or nearly one in seven of the en-
tire number of grailnates — had, as prol'essional
teachers, transmitted the s|iirit and methods of the
University of Uocdiester to other institutiojis of
learning. Among tln'm we may mention Prof .S.
H. C.'irpentei-, LL.I)., of tin.' University of ^Viscon-
siu ; President A. A. lii'ooks, of tioliad (Jolh'ge,
Texas; President Lemuel Moss, U.I)., of the Uni-
versity of Indiana; Presidejit Oalusha Anderson,
D.D., and Prof. A. J. Howe, of the University of
Chicago; President Sylvanus Taft, (d' Califurrua
Clollege; Prof Wm. C. Wilkin.sou, D.D., of the
Rochester Thi'ologieal Seminary; Prof Wm. Wirt
Fay, of the United States Naval Academy ; Prof.
AV'in. Ilarknoss, of the United States Naval Obser-
vatory ; Prof John C. C. Clarke, of Shnrtlelf Col-
lege ; Prof. N(n'man Kobiuson, (d' Bethel College,
Ky. ; Prof. Nornnm Fo.x, of William Jewell Col-
lege, Mo. ; Prof I). II. Kobiuson, of the University
of Kansas ; Prof. John C. Overhiser, of the Brook-
lyn Polytechnic Uistitute ; Profs. Otis II. Robinson
and William C. Morey, of tin.' University id' Roch-
ester; Prof. Truiaan J. Backus, of Vassar Colh;ge ;
Prof. Carl T. Kreycu', of Kau-(!liang Mian College,
China; Prof. Albert T. Barrett, of Mary Sliarjio
Colli^ge.Tenn. ; Principal Malcolm MeViear, LIj.I>.,
of the Potsdam (N. Y.) Nornuil School ; Principal
William J. Milne, of the Gcneseo {N. Y.) Nornnil
School ; Principal F. B. Palmer, of the Fredonia
(N. Y.) Normal School; Prof. Frank S. Capen, of
the Cortland (N. Y.) Normal School ; Principal A.
C. Winters, of Cook Academy ; Princi|ial Merrill
E. Hates, of the Albany Academy.

About one-third of the graduates of the Univer-
sity of Hoehestcr have, it will be seen, devoted
themselves to active rather than professional life, —
a fact which abundantly vindicates the wi>diHii of
its founders when they recognized the demand for

a college that should educate its students as mtn,
rather tlian as ministers, doctors, or lawyers in
embryo; and make eipml proVisio[i for the sons of
the rich and the sous of the jioor. To such men
as the Hon. Henry Strong, of Chicago; the Hon.
Moreau S. Crosby, ol' (irand Rapids; Isaac F.
Sheldon, (d' New York ; lidwin (J. Sage, of Uoch-
ester ; Lieut. -Col. LI well S. Otis, of the II. S. army;
\Yilliam H. Harris, of t.'lcvidand ; (jeorgo F. and
William II. Davis, of Cineinimti, the university
points in o.xemplilieation (d' the )u-aetical benelits
of the culture she albnds. Upon them she eon-
lidently reliefs for the means to do more' and better
woi'k in the I'utnre than she has done in the ]iast. '

Rockefeller, John D., a resident of Cleveland,
0., and one of the mo>t successful business men
of the day, began life with lew advantages save
honesty of purpose and a determined Christian
character. Witfi a small capital he coinu\enceil
business, and now the company of which he is the
head employs thousands of men, and as a result of
his skill and economy .Mr. Rockel'eller has amassed
for himself a very considerable forlune.

In his business success, however, Mr. Uoeke-
feller has not forgotten his obligatiims to God. He
has been for years a most faithful and valued mem-
ber of the I'aiclid Avenue Baptist church of Cleve-
land, and has given large sums to this body, to
missionary and other Ijenevoh-nt societies, and to
educational institutions. 0[ie of his latest and
most princely acts of beneficence was the presenta-
tion to Rochester Theidogical .Seminary, at a cost of
about S4U,(I(I0, of a new building for lecture-rooms,
library, and chapel, which, in grateful recognition
of his services, has been called Roidcefcller Hall.
Mr. Rockefeller is in the jn-ime ol' life, and is con-
stantly proving himself a "good steward'' for the
Master of souls.

Rockwell, Rev. Cortland Butler, the jiastor of
the Baptist church in Mertou, ^Vis., was burn in New
Lonilou, Conn., Nov. 10, 1S4I. Here he spent his
early life until about nine years ol' age, when his
father's family removed lo liome, Bradford Co., Pa.
Figlityears afterwards hi! returned with his parents
to his native city.- He obtained a hope in Christ
in l.S,54, and the same year united with the Baptist
church in Rome, Pa. At the breaking out of the
war, in l.SCI, he entered the U. S. navy, and served
in the position of paymaster's steward, on board
the U. S. sloop " Granite," for a term of three years.
Mr. Rockwell's conviction that be was called to
preach the gospel began soon after his conversion,
anil it was only after a struggle cxtcndnig (hroiigli
years that he Ijecame obedient to the cM of God.
In October, 1X07, when twenty-six years of age, lie
was licensed by the Second Ba|)tist church in New
London to preach the gospel. Having received'a
call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in AVar-

A \'\ II A'-''N'.'.

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HOCK WOOD

1008

ROGERS

renville, in the town of Aslilbnl, Wimlliiiin Co.,
Conn,, he wus urduined by that oliurch l)ue. 3, liSCiS.
He was Buhseqiiciitly pastor of Second Woodstock,
J'^astl'iinl, lliiiciu, IMaiiilield, and Kast Killinj^ly,
I'oiin. Jii 1S7'.', liaving received a call from the
Baptist ijluireli in .Merlon, Wis., lie aeeepted, and
reniovod to Merton, where he now.hibors. While
in \\ indham Co., Conn., he was a member of the
Lej^ishiture one year from the town iif lOa.slford.
Sir. luiekweir.s ministry hii.s Ijeen marked Ijy sn(r-
cuss. 'fhe uhiirehes have been strengthened and
many souls led to Christ under his labors.

Rockwood, Rev. Edwin J., was bom in llem-
sen, Oneida Co., N. Y., Get. 25, 1835; baptized in
May, 1852. He was educated at Roebesler Uni-
versity, ji;i-aduatin,;^ with hmuirs. lie was ordained
at Waterloo, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1803. From Water-
loo be removed ^Vest. lie was pastor of the Bap-
tist ehureln's In Sioux City and Loijan, Iowa, Bel-
lovue and Hastiiii^s, Neb. At the present time he
is preaching to the (jilenville JJaptist ehnv(^li. Mr.
Rockwood has labored for years under great disad-
vantage, on account of J'ailing health.

Roe, Charles Hill, D.D., who died at Relviderc,
III., June 20, 1872, was a native of King's (lonnty,
Ireland, where he was burn Jan. (), IS(.)I). lie was
the son of a clergyman of the Established Church,
and was educated by his father in Knglisli and
classical studies, with a view to a course at Trinity
College, Dublin, and to orders in the Knglisli
Church. When he was fourteen years of age his
father died, ami the plan of study thus made for
Iiim was interrupted. I'lirougli the instrumental-
ity of an Irish liaptist minister he was converted,
and became a I)a|)tist. In 1822 he entered Ilorton
College, Bradford, Y'orkshire, England, then under
the presidency of Dr. Steadman. Having com-
pleted his course there, he became pastor of the
church at Mlddleton, a daughter of Ur. Steadman
having become his wife. With the work of this
pastorat<; ho associated extensive preaching tours
in the surrounding country. This service brought
him so nuicli in contact with the destitution of
right religious teaching as to interest him greatly
in the aims and measures of the English Baptist
Home Mission Society. In 1834 he became secre-
tary of that organization, and remained in that
odiee until 1842, when be became pastor of an im-
portant church in Birmingham. Here, as in former
spheres of service, his labors were richly blessed.
He was a co-hiborer in Birmingham with the well-
known John Angell James, who, in his book enti-
tled '• Nonconformity in Birmingham," speaks of
the 7(HI new members added to the church under
Mr. lioe's ministry, of the 1200 children in the
Sunday-school, and of the various organizations uf
(!hristian lal>or which had been formed nmb r Ins
guidance.

In 1851, Mr. Uoii camo to this country, and,
after a brief stay in New Y'ork and Milwaukee,
settled in Belvidere, HI., as [lastor of the Baptist
church there. Here, again, his work was fruitl'ul,
and the church grew not only in numbers but in
spirituality. During the war he was for a portion
of the time chaplain of a regiment. He also, latiu-,
visited England in bcdialf ol' the educational work
among the freedmen. Upon his return to this
country he served two years as jiastor at Wau-
kesha, Wis., succeeding I'r. ludjcrt Boyd. Two
years subsequently were spmit in the service of
the University of Chicngo, of which he was one <jf
the founders, and with this his public life ended, the
tinal close coming soon aftei-. 'I'he funeral at Bel-
videro was very largely attended, the sermon being
by Dr. J. C. Bill-roughs, who was fidlowcd in an
addri'ss by Cen. S. A. lluilmrt, (jen. A. C. fuller,
and other eminent citizens of Illiiuns.

Dr. Boo, while beloved for his Christian virtues,
and as a spiritual, eloipient preacher, was honored
by all classes of men lor his sterling manhood. In
both England and the United States he stood among
the stalwart men, and achieved a work whose fruits,
in the long succession of seed-sowing and harvest,
must be )iermanent.

Rogers, Rev. John, was born in Ireland, of
English |iarentage, in November, 1783. He was
converted in his seventeenth year, and joined the
Presbyterian Church, of wliiidi his parents were
members. He was cdiieat<'d for the ministry in
Edinburgh, Scotland, and lieeiiine pastor of an In-
dependent cliureh near Belfast in 1807. At his
lirst baptism his mind became unsettled on that
and kindred topics, and, after a long investigation,
he embraced the views of the Baptists, and can-
didly informed his people that be could not admin-
ister the ordinances according to their mode. The
church invited him to remain, and exchange with
other ministers when those rites were to be ad-
ministered. In 181 1 he was baptized by Rev. Mr.
Cook, and resigned his charge. Six weeks after-
wards he baptized bis wife. Some other members
of the church also changed their views. He in-
tended to come to. the United States, but the war
detained him until 1810. Soon after reaching New
York he attended an Association in New Jersey,
which led to his settlenient with the church at Npw
Mills (now Pcmbcrton), where fur thirteen years he
ministered, greatly to the increase and efficiency of
the church. In 182'J he accepted a call from .Scotch
Plains, where he remained twelve years, during
which there were two powerful revivals. Altera
few years' pastorate at Perth Ainboy he removed lu
Pater.son, where he "fell asleep," Aug. 30, 184'J.

One who knew him well has described Mr.
Rogers as kind, courteous, hospitable, free-hearted,
an excellent sympathetic pastor, an instructive

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ROGERS

1009

noGKliS

])i'ea(jlii;r, an alile diviiio. II(j was a warm uilvo-
i^ato and sa|))ioi'toi' i)l' niissimiary iiiuvoiiiuiits. Ho
always iiiaintaiiii'il the (liji;iiity (il' a man, u OliriM-
Uaii, ami a iniuislur. His son, A. W. Il();;(:rs,
iM.D., still liviiiu; ill I'atersDii, j\. .)., is tint only a
iifjcl'iil and Ijulovcd iiliysiuiaii, but is a liuunsed
prraulioi-, anil a liberal ;;iver to the cause of (lud.

Rogers, Rev. John, was foi- a time rector of
I'lirleijili, in Enj^land, duriiii; the I'arlianientary
war, then loutiirer in the ehiirch of St. 'I'iionias
the Apostle, in Londdii, and snbsei[tipntly minister
of Christ's chnreh, Diil>lin, a hnildinn eontainiii!^
the remains ami nionniiient of the celehiated
Stron^bow, and attended, dnrlng the ministry of
Thomas Patient ami John Uuj^ers, by the elite
of En^'lish society in Ireland. Mr. Rogers was a
Baptist. His wife, whom he married in'^ni4'J, was
the danjihter of Sir Robert I'aino, of Hnnlingdon-
shire. jMr. Rogers udo|ited the principles of the
Fifth-Monarchy men, and he became very unfriendly
to (.'roin well's government. He was a popular
speaker, with many friends, and willi a dangerous
candor in (Expressing his sentiments. He would
utter petitions like this in his pnlilic prayers: "0
Lord I hasten the time when all absolute power
shall be devolved into ihe hands of Christ; wdien
we shall have no lord prote(;tor but our Lord
Jesus Christ, the only true protector and defender
of the faith;" and he would publish sueli doctrines
liy the |jrinting-press. 'I'he result was the inijiris-
ounnnit of the bold .Baptist. It could not be other-
wise in the case of a man pos.scssed of such inllu-
encc. Cromwell's order to the olFiccrwho arrested
liim ran: "Sir, I desire you to seize lMaj.-(Jen.
Harrison, Mr. Carew, Portman, and such as are
eminent Fifth-Monarchy nuju, especially Fcukc
and Roijers : do it speedily, and you shall have a
warrant iifter you have done." The form of this
order shows the iiowerful inlluence wielded by the
two Baptist ministers, and it proves that they had
inspired the great Proti-Ctor with alarm. Brook
Bays, "After Cromwell Inul deserted these sec-
taries, he took umbrage at the great popularity
and enterprising spirit of Rogers; and was little
less apprehensive of Feake, who was also regarded
as il leader of that party. ''^' Mr. Rogers was the
author of several Works. These were issued in a
thick (piarto in Id.'il-!.

Rogers, Rev. Peter, son of Peter, a descendant
of John, the inartj'r, was Ijoru in New London,
Conn., in 1704. In the early part of the Revolu-
tion he served on a privateer, hiter he entered the
iirmy, anil won distinction in the \Vashington Life-
(Juard. In March, IT'.IO, he was orilainiMl pastor
of the Baptist church in Bo/,rah, Conn. His lirst

* Brook's Lives of lln' I'uriliins, iii. a27, 328. I.ominn, lai:i.
Eviilid'a Eiirly Kiiglidli ll.ii.;i=t.i, ij. 211. Lolidoti, 1H40.

wife was Miss Oroen, his second was tlie daughter
of Rev. /adoc Harrow, of W'aterford, Conn. Ho
died in Illinois in ISI'.I, in Ihi' iiinety-si.xtli year
of his ag'', and the sixtieth of his minislry. ■•

Rogers, Lieut. Robert, was lnun in Newport,
U. 1., April 1'.), 1758. Converted at the age of si.s-
teen, he joined the First ISaptist church in Provi-
dence. He was a graduate of Brown Univerbity
in the class of 1775, and a nnniiber of Ihc corpora-
tion for nearly Ibrty-ninc years. He was connected
with the American army as a lieutenant, and fought
lor the liberty of his country during the Revolu-
tionary war. On leaving his military life, lie de-
voted liimself to studies congenial with his tastes,
and conducted for many years, in his ruitive town,
a classical school of a very high cliaracter. He was
intimately connected with the Redwood Lilirary,
as its secretary, treasurer, and libr;irian. He was
a most devoted member of the church. Respected
and beloved in the Community in which he had so
long lived, he .lied Aug. 5, KS35.

Rogers, William, D.D., was bom in New|iort,
Pi. I., July 2li, 1751. It is stated that he was the
first, and for several days the only student of Rhode
Island College. He was then but fourteen years
of age. He gradmited in 17G9. A comparison has
been drawn between Archbishop Usslior and Dr.

I Rogers in their talents and in tlieir relations to the
universities in which they studied. Ussher, it is as-

I sorted, was the lirst student of Trinity College, !->ub-
lin. He says himself that he was " amousi; the first."

j 1 he archbishop was one of the most learned men

I that ever lived ; and Dr. Rogers, with no claim to his
great learning, reflecti'd the highest lumor upon his
alma mater. In 1770 the Saviour revealed his par-
doning love to him, after which he united with the
Second Baptist church of Newport. In Maj', 1772,
he was ordained pastor of the First ISaptist church
of Philadelphia. lie sustained this new relation
for threi; years, with great advantage to the
struggling church ; its congregations were largely
increased, and men like Dr. Benjamin Rush came to
hear the eloquent young preacher. "\Vlien Pennsyl-
vania raised three battalions of foot for the Revo-
lutionary war, the Legislature appointed Dr.
Rogers tlieir ehajilain. Afterwards he was a
brigade chaplain in the Continental army. For live
years he followed the fortunes of the Rev(dutionary
army as an unwearied and honored elia|ilain.

His relations with Washington were intimate
and cordial. Dr. Reulien A. <luild cpiotes the fiil-
lowing from an Knglisli gentleman who visiled
Philiuhdpliia in I7'.l'l : " .VHcr traveling through an
extremely pleasant I'ountry we arri\ed in Philadcd-
pbia and waited on Dr. Rogers. Dr. Rogers is a
most enterliiining and agreeable man; we were
with him a great part of the time we remained in'

I the city, and were introduced by him to Gen.

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AVasliiiiii'ton. 'I'lie genenil wii.s not iit lioiiic wIkmi
wo culU'il, lint wliilu wo woru t;ilkiii;i- witli hi.s jui-
vato .seci'i'tury in tlie Inill lio o;umo in, umi spoUc
to Dr. Rumors with tlio j;ro;ito.st oiiso and r;uiiiliiii-ity,
llo iniiiH'diatoly a.skoil ns U|) to tlio (Irawinj^-ruoiu,
wlun-o wort! Lady Wasliin^ton and liis two niooes."

Ih'. Honors was lor many years I'lolossoi" of
Oiatiiry and IJollc^.s-Li'ttro.s in tlie Univirsity of
J'onn-ivlvania, a position wliioli was nevoi- nioro
wortliily lillod liy any cd' Ins honm-od sncL-os.-.or,s.
His popularity in 1 'hi lade I phi a and thronj^hont tlio
oountry was ronnirkaldo, and it was limited to men
of no .special opinitnis, rolii^ious oi- political.

He holon^ed to the Masonic IVatoniity, and fre-
i]ncntly addi'ossoil his lirotliren on pnhlic occasions.
He was in the Cienei'al Assenihly of his adopted
State dnrinic the sessions of 181G and 1817. lie
was a niemljer of the varion.s societies in Philadel-
phia which existed to prniniite kiu_iwledj;e, I'ldiove
misery, and spreail gospel lii^ht.

A i^ontleniau of rolineminit, with learned attain-
ments, a lar:;o heart, and an nnswervinjr; faith in
the hlcssed Uedoemor, Dr. llogers necessarily lived
in the alleclions of all that knoNy him. And when
lie passed away, April 7, 1S2I, it was univei'sally
felt that onr country had lost one of its host citi-
zens, atul our denomination one of its bri^^htest
orinunents.

Rose, Rev. A. T., was a jcraduate of the Ham-
ilton Literary and Theological Institution, and
was appointed a niissioiniry to linrnnih in Octidier,
ISJl. He sailed for the place of his destination
Jan. 17, ISoo, arriving in Akyab the followinj;
May. Before him was every prospect of a health-
ful and agreealile residence, hut a .sad cloud was
thrown over these prospects by the sudden death
of Mrs. Rose, who was attacki'il with the choh>ra,
and died after a short illness. Jn acoonlance
with his own recpn'st, Mr. Rose's connection with
the Union in 1854 was dissolved, and ho was a
goverinnent school-teaclier until ISGl. Hi; was
re-appointed in Ootoljor of this year, and com-
menced his labors in the Burmese departnieitt of the
Rangoon Mission. He engaged in the usual rou-
tine of missionary labor, and, judging from the re-
ports we have, he was sncecssful, by the living voice
ami the printed page, in reaching a largo number
of persons. The ropint of 181)7 speaks onoonr-
agingly of las excursions in various direetions
from Rangoon. In some of these trips he was ab-
sent six or eight weeks. A visit of this kind to
'I'hongzai is spoken of as one of great interest.
Such labors Mw Rose speaks of as " the cream of
missionary wcnk, both as to usefulness and enjoy-
ment.'' While on one of these tours to the north
in 18GS, ho contracted a fever, wliiuh so onfeebleil
liim (hat he was obliged to return to this country,
where he remained for several years. A part

of this time he was the pastor of the Jefferson
Street church in Providence, U. I. Having been
re-apiiointed by the Uiuon, he returned to Burmah
in 1874, and resumed the work of former years.
During 187d he was absent nearly six months on a
missionary tour to Northern Biirnnih. The re|jorts
o( what has lieon accomplished the last two vears
are full of interest and hope. Mr. Rose is one of
the busiest and most active of the missionaries of
the Union.

Rose, Rev. Frank Bramwell, was born in

Tuckerloii, N. J., April f), 18.^(1. At the age of si.x
ho removed to Philadel)ihia, receiving a public-
scdiool education, tinishing at the High-.School in
18,Vi. He was converted at the ago of twelve, in
the Methodist Episcopal Churtdi. Ho resi<'ned a
responsible position in a bank in IST)',) to enter the
ministr3' of the .'Methodist Chnrcli ; was ordained
thereto by Bisliop l^evi Scott, and appointed first
to Fn'ohold anil subsequently to St. James' church,
New Brunswick, N. J. In Septemlior, 1.S62, lie
was appointed by Gov. Oldi'U, of New Jersey,
chaplain of the 14th Regiment N. .1. Vols., serving
as such for thn'O years, until the close of tlie war,
pai'tieipating III the battles of Locust Grove, "Wil-
derness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Jlonocacv,
Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, etc. At
the close of the war he announced his clear convic-
tion of the more Scriptural biith and practice of
the Baptists, and received baptism on profession of
faith, in the winter of 1805, at the hands of Rev.
AViUiam S. Hall, in the Fnoii church of Philadel-
phia. The same year he was duly (U'dained to
the ministry by direction of a council of which 1).
Henry Miller, D.D., was moderator, ami accepted
a call to the pastorate of the First Baptist church
of Camden, N. J., serving it lour years. In 1870
ho was ,a))pointod by l*resi(b;nt Grant clia|dain in
the U. S. navy, and has since served in the .South
Atlantic and Pacific, upon the tlag-ships '' Lancas-
ter'' and '' Pensacola," and tquju the " Potomac"
and " Constitution." Whilst unassigned to active
naval duty, in lS7'J-80, he served the Second church
of (iamdeii as pastor for eighteen months. Now
(1880) he is on board U. S. training-ship " Constitu-
tion," the "Old Ironaiiles' of the war of 1812. iMr.
Rose is a cultured and talentetl minister, who en-
joys the confidence and all'eetioii of his Baptist
brethren.

Ross, Rev. Michael, was bom in Knghmd. In
youth hi; was thoroughly instructed in the ritual
and doctrines of the Church of England. Coming
to America in early mtmhood, ho was converted ;
entered the ministry of the liaptist Church ; served
important churches in .Maliama and Mississippi
many years with signal ability and success. Re-
moving to Texas, ho fiiithfuUy served the Texas
Baptist State Convention as general agent. He

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nOTHMAN

1011

iiuTin\'i:LL

was pustor of the Independence cluu-oli froni 1.S58
to ISlU, Korving tlie clnii-cli iiCL-e|it:il)ly, iirovinj;
liiiiisi'ir to )ie ;i workiiuin thut iici'di'tli not to be
;isli;uned. Few men had a mure tlHii-(mi;h knowl-
eili;e of the Holy Sei-iptures, oi- eonid (piote them
more nocnrutely. He died at Indepeiidenee, Texas,
in Dccemhcf, 1S(')5, in the sixty->i.xlh year of liis a,i;e.
Rothman, Bernard.— See ni-tieU' A.\ai;ai'tists.

Rothwell, Andrew, was Ikjiii in lUdley town-
sliip, Dehiware Co., I'a., Nov. 1 1, ISOl. His father

ANDIirW TSOTIIW'EI.I..

was a native of C'eeil Co., Md., wiienee lie re-
moved in hi.s youth to Tinicum Ishind, Pa. Sir.
liotliwell's mother died while still young, leavini;
eif^ht small and lielpless childri;n, who wore jdaeed
for care and pmtection in several families of their
friends. The siilijcet of this slieteh resided with
J)r. Henry I'asc.hall, of Kini^sessinj:, where most
of his time was oornpied with farminj;', spending
only three months in the year at seho(d. In his
Beventeenth year he entered the printini;-ofIiee of
'\\\n. Frey, I'hiladelpliia, renminin^ live years anil
aeqnirini; an nniisually aeenrate knowiedj^e of thi:
hnsiness. When nine yi'ars of a;;;e he lieeame
deeply impressed with rcliiiions convietions, ami,
while engaged in his husiin>ss in I'hiladel|ihia, ho
was converted and haptized hy Dr. Stavifjhton, be-
cominj; a member of the Sansom Street cinirch in
that city. At the a^e of twenty-one he removed
to Washington, and was employed in the olliee of
Gales it Seatun, printers to Con;;ress, aiul pnblish-
ers of the Ndliaiud Iii/c-!lii)i'iicci\ In ISlJs, ^imhI-
ated with T. ^V^ Ustick, he commenecd in \\ anhmg-

ton the publication of a newsiiapor, The Washington
(.'tlij Chroniiic, which was discontinued after a few
years. In ISIJI, Mr. liothwell entered the .service
of the city government as receiver of taxes, which
position he retained for nearly twenty years. Sub-
seijnently he occupied lor a number of years a
position in the U. S. Navy Department. Ou his
reiniival to Washington he became a nn'mljcr of tho
Second I!a]jtist church (Navy-Yard), \^itll which
he was connected for a limg tiiiu-. In I.S12, asso-
ciated with a few others, he took u leading jiart in
the formation of the K Street IJaptist church, where
his membership still is, having, during the entire
)ieriod, lilled imjiurtant olfu'Cs, incbnling that of
deacon. He has dune much for this church, both
by his labors and I'lis liberal contributions. Since
the year 1835 he has bc(Mi continuously a member
of the board of trustees cd' the Columbian Ctdlege,
portions of the time occupying the ollices of secre-
tarv and of treasurer. Ho has always manifested
a deep interest in the college, and ha.^ generously
contributed to its funds. He is also an active pro-
moter of various benevedcnt institutiims, and baa
lieen for more than thirty years a zcakius member
id' the board of nnmagers (d' tlic Washingtim Bible
Society. In ISIC! he prepared a valuable compila-
tion of the laws relating to the city of WaBhiiigton
and the District of Columliia : and in I8l>7 he pre-
pared and published a valuable pamphlet, " History
of the Bajitist Institutions of the District of Col-
umbia."

Rothwell, W. R., D.D., was bom in Garrard
Co., ky., Sept. 2, 11S;;1. He was the son of the
late Dr. J(din Rotliwcdl, of C.illaway Co., Mo. His
mother was China llenfro. lioth of his jiarents
were of Virginian liirth and Hriti.sh descent. His
father's family removed to Missouri after his birth
in 1831. He graduated in 18.54 at tlie University
of Missouri with the lir-st honors in a class of ten
member.s. In 1874 his alma laaler, in honorable
recognition of his distinction as a m;ui of letters,
conferred upon him the degree cd D.D.

Every monn.'nt of Dr. Kothwell's time since his
araduation has been one of intellectual activity
and usefulness. From 1854 to 185(i he was jirinci-
pal of Elm llidge Academy. He was the first
president of the Baptist Female College at Colum-
bia, Mo. (now known as Stephens College), and
after one year of service there he was elected to
succeed the Ki!v. Wm. Thompson, LL.I>., as presi-
dcTit of Mount I'leasant College. In 1800 he was
ordained to tho ministry of the gospel, and was
successively pastor id' tin' Baptist churches at
Huntsville and K(-ytesville, Mo, Doling the years
1871 anil 1872 he was corrc^spunding secretary of
the Baptist General Association of Missouri, in
whiidi position he ac(piitteil himself with marked
ability. His letters and communications while

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A'O/'N.s )-

1012

iniWLASI)

coiTCsponcling seurctai'y arc' luitcJ as boiiif^ uiiiotij;
tlio niiist graccl'ul anil liircililo tliat liave ailvocatiMl
the interests of tliat luxly. In 1S72, Dr. llotliwell
was niianiiiionsly elected I'rolcs.sor of TlieoliiL'y
and Moral l'liili)so|)liy in William Jewell College,
a plaee vvliieh lie still tills uilli great distinetion.

In his eight years' iirofessorship of Theiilugy ho
has instrneted for a longer or sliorter time I'lU
young ministers of Missonri and tlu^ W est. .Since
1874 he has been chairnnm of the laenlty.

Dr. Uolhwell is in the (uime of life and mental
vigiir. lie is one of the most modest and unas-
snming of men, but his vi^ry high sense of dnty
always im|iels liim to tln^ front whenever prinei|ile
or honor calls. lie is a " seliolar and a ripe one,"
of elegant culture, and a man of liberal, expansive
views. Probably nn man in the .Stare stands higher
in the love and eonlidem-e of his denomination.

RoUSSy, Rev. Louis, was born in the canton
de Vaud, Switzerland, and died in 18^0 at (Irande
Ligne, province of (inebec, in the si.xty-ninth year
of his ago. Converted when very yonng, Mr.
Rous.sy early in life felt his heart drawn ont
towards the cause of missions. At the age of nine-
teen he commenced the work of colportage in
France, which he carried on for two years. l!nt
when a missionary semiiniry was opened at Lau-
sanne in his native land, the ohjeet of which was
to prepare young men for the loreign field, he dis-
continued his work in France, and was (me of the
first to enter the seminary. In l.s;-),"!, .Mr. Uonssy
accompanied Madame Feller to Canada, arriving
in Jlontreal on tho'olst of October, 1835. After a
few months spent in the work of French (,'anailian
evangelization in Montreal and St. John, proviiici^
of Quebec (where, especially in St. John, he met
with violent opposition), he went to (jrande Ligne.
On the 30th of June, 1837, he baptized four eon-
verts, who, with himself and Madame Feller, were
organized into the first French Protestant ehureh
ever founded in Canada. (For fuller information
respecting the mission which Mr. Iloussy assisted
in establishing, and in connection v\'ith which he
labored forty-five years, see article (iKand Lignf.
Ev.vNOEi,ic.\i. Society.) Courageous and courteous,
patient and loving, full of faith, and ever zealous
for his Master's glory, Mr. Iloussy was a most efli-
cieiit and devoted missionary of the (Jross.

Rowan, Rev, Thomas J., the youngest of nine
children, was born in Copiah Co., Miss., Dec. 9,
18.54. lie was always considered a pious and
model hoy, but was not converted until sixteen
years of age. Having the ministry in view, he
became a studmit of ('luitiMiary College, Jackson,
La., under the care of Kev. C. C Andrews, a dis-
tinguished Melliodist divine. By liis brilliant in-
tellect and studious habits he soon won the estei'iu
and confidence of all the professors, especially llie

president, who invitiMl him to his home and into
his family, treating him more like a son or com-
panion than as a pupil. P(jssessing as he does an
anient love IVir (iod's Word, regarding its teachings
as above the opinions of men, ami knowing that
the Master whom he had professed to love pre-
ferred oliedieni:e to sacrifice, he began to juiss
through the bitterest and 3'et sweetest experience
of his life when he umlertook a prayerful investi-
gation of the subjects of baptism and communion.
lli:re he had to pass through dee|i waters, which
caused an illness so severe that it took months 10
recover. JlelDierate in reaching his etnielnsion,
he asserted his indisputable^ right in maintaining
it; and in his eighteenth year, while a student
of Centenary College, he united with the Baptist
church at Jackson, La., and was baptized by llev.
S. A. llayden. By ihe same church he was or-
dained, Kevs. S. A. llayden and George llayden
constituting the Presbytery. After changing his
faith he entered Mississippi College, llis deep-
toned piety, brilliancy, elo(|nence, and modesty, as
well as manliness, secured -for liim the admiration
of the wholit scliool and community. lie was
elected orator for his literary society several times,
and was considered its brightest star. He com-
pleted till! A. 15; course at ^lississippi College at
the age of twenty-one.

Fhh'r Uowan sjient three yi^ars and a half in the
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, com-
pleting the full course, except a small portion of
the Hebrew and Latin.

His sermons are luited for brevity (scarcely ever
exceeding thirty minutes), nnily, simplicity, —
within the grasp of a child, — accuracy, and mucli
thought for a ymmg man.

He succeeded Dr. Landrum as the pastor of the
Central Baptist church, iMeniphis, Tenn., wheie
his labors are nuicli blessed, and a hopeful future
is opening to iiis view.

Rowden, Philip, M.D., D.D., was bom in Eng-
land ill i8'.iS. in early life he came to New York.
Ho was converted, ami joined tlie church in New-
ark, N. .1. He was pastor in Newark, in Bronson,
Mich., and in Chili, Ind. 'I'he clinrches enjoyed
many genuine revivals during his [lastorates. He
was a m/\n of studi.iins habits and deep research.
At the time of his death he was vice-president of
the American Anthropological Association. lie
died at liis home in Koclicster, Ind., April 4, lS7."i.

Rowland, A. Judson, D.D., was born at Val-
ley i'orge. Pa., Feb. 'J, l^4U; was baptized at J^aw-
renceville. Pa., by Kiiv. W. 11. 11. Marsh, Jan.
G, 1858; entered the Soplunnore class of the uni-
versity at Lewislinrg in 1859, and graduated witli
first honors in 18G2; was ordained at Lawrence-
\ille, October, 18G2; was chaplain of the 175th
Kcgimcnt Pa. Vols, from J^eptember, 18l'i2, to July,

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noWI.ANI)

lOKi

ROVALL

1S().'!; ciitcjn,'J Ki)oln:slor 'I'luinliii^inil Scniiiuiry in
tlic lull ol' ISliu, iual coiii|jloteil lliu Cull cour.su of
Btiuly ill 18G(J. In .)ul_y, ISCli, ))pl';iiiic |iaHti.ir ul'
Muiiiit Aulnini eliiiroti, (.'iiH-iiiiiiiti, <)., wliicli pn-

A. JUDSON llO« LAND, T).I).

sltion lie resijrneiLin 1SC8 to iissuine tlio presidency
of tlie Jloiuit Auburn Institute, — ;i scliool of liigli
grade for young women. In 1.S70 he liecaine pas-
tor of the First oliurcli. Pittsljurgli, P;i. In 1S72
lie accepted a call to the Tenth church, IMiiladel-
pliia, where lie still rciuuins. He has for years
been a regular correspondent for .several denomi-
national journals, and has published a number of
sermons and reviews. In ISTO he preached the
doctrinal sermon befure the Philadelphia Baptist
Association, lie is a member of various educa-
tioiial and niissiuiiur)' boards, and is jirominently
and actively engaged in the general work of tlie
denomination, lie received (he degree of I'.D. in
1880 from the university at Lewisljurg.

Dr. Rowland is a man of superior mind, jilcasing
manners, studion.s habits, extensive leai'iiing, aifd
exemplarv piety. As pastor of a largo and inllu-
ential chnreli, he niagnifn's his offn.'e, and i.s very
highly esteemed in love for his work's sake. His
sermons are rich iji original thought and Hiblc
knowledge, clear in expression, and impressive in
delivery. His writings show enlarged acquaint-
ance with books and men. He has gathered a largo
library of choice and standard works, which he
utilizes with rare ability. He is the first and the
successful editor of Our Young People, a vi ly able
monthly journal for the older scholars in our Sun-

day-schools. This paper deserves the great circu-
lation it has already secured, ami uniler its gified
editor it will be a still greater power among the
young.

Rowley, Rev. Moses.— This pioneer mission-
ary, now residing at IMazoniiinie, Wis., at the ad-
vanced age of eighty-four years, is a native ol
SwautiJii, Vt. lie uas born again and baptized
\uU> the lidlowship of the I'.aptist church in (iouv-
crneiir, N. V., in 1S17 ; commenced preaching in
ISMU, in Erie l^o., N. Y., and was ordained at Evans,
N. Y., in 1833. He has been in the active work
of the ministry lifty-one years. He was pastor of
twenty churches, none of which was able to sup-
port him when settled. As soon lis the church he
served was aide to give him a competent support
he resigned his {lastorate, after having provided an
acce|plable successor. With his call to the minis-
try he had clearly indicated to him that his work
was to preaeli tlie go-^pel to the feeble churches and
to collect the scattered members of Christ's flock
on the frontiers. "Christ sent me," he writes,
■'not to baptize, but to preach the gospel to his
poor." And of these, multitudes have heard the
pure gospel of Christ fnuii his lips. He gave
thirty-two years of his life to strictly itinerant and
missionary labor. Of these, thirteen years he was
in the service of the New York Iia|itist Convention
and the American Baptist Home .Mission Society.
He organized seventeen churches, nearly all on
the frontier, and baptizi'd about -iOO persons. He
has been a resident of Wisconsin thirty-two years.
In 1876, when nearly eighty years of age, he went
to Nebraska to engage again in the iKovk to which
he had given the liest part of his life, — to preach
the gospel to Christ's poor and gather the scattered
believers into churches. Thus for four years longer
he engaged in his loved work, — organizing churches
in Hamilton and Ynrk l!ounties, and providing for
them houses of worship. The Lord has granted
this minister of the gospel a long and very useful
life, and he is now waiting to hear the jMaster call,
'■Give an account of thy stewardship."

Royal, Rev. Young- R., a pioneer jireacher in
Arkansas, was born in North Carolina in 1812.
He professed religion in IS3S, and in 1840 was li-
censed to preach. In 1842 he removed to what is
now Drew Co., Ark., and was ordained in Missis-
si])pi the following year. In 1848 he was one of a
Convention that organized the Uartholomew Bap-
tist Association, ul' which he was chosen modera-
tor, a position he continued to hold until his death.
He labored very assiduously in the gospel, and
many churches were gathered through his instru-
mentality. He also filled one term of clerk of (ho
District Court of Drew County. He died in 1807.
Royall, Wm., D.D„ was born -luly 30, 1823,
in Kdgelield District, S. C. From six to thirteen

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ROY ALL

1014

KUGGLES

resided in Charleston, S. C. For two years was a
pu))!! of Furiiian Institution, Fairlield District,
S. C, then under cliar^(i of his uiude, J'nil'. \V. K.
IJailey. Mntcrcd South Carolina Collcj;e, Coliiin-

W.M. ROVAI.L, D.l).

bia. Sophomore class, when liftecn years old, and
2raduati:d in IS-il in a class oC sixty. lie enjoyed
the raie advantages nf instrnction, under l>r. .James
JI. Thoinwell, in logic and meta|iliybics ; l)r. ^\^m.
Hooper, in languages: Jiishop Stephen Klliott, in
evidences of Christianity ; and l>r. b'rancis Lieber,
in political eeonuuiy ; to tin; instructions of the
hist named lie has ever felt nnist deeply indebted.
After graduating, laught as an assistant in a high
school in Charleston, and studied law two years
under lion. Henry Bailey, attorney-general of
South Carolina. Trained hy a gi-andfather, an
elder in the Presbyterian Church, and taught by
llev. Charles Lanneau, in a Sunday-school class
out of which came si.x ]jrea<,-hers. He does not re-
member the tinu; when he was not the subject of
religions impressions. In the great revival of lS35,
under the fervent preaeliing (if lliehurd Fuller,
D.l)., lie became a sulijeet of God's saving power.
Always satisfied that it was his duty to preach, lie
was so impressed with the idea of ministerial sanc-
tity, as illustrated by that devout and eminently
holy man of God, Basil -Manly, Sr., who baptized
liiiii, that not until he had studied law two years
did he fully determine to heed the call to preach.
For one year ho studied theology under J)r. W .
T. Branlly, Sr., and Dr. Thomas Curtis, Sr. lie |
supplied Dr. Itrantly's place each Sabbath morn- I

ing while that good man was lying on a bed of
death, stricken with |iaralysis-, was ordained in
Charlesliiu in lN-1 I ; preiiclicd four years to live
dilleri'iit churches in Abbeville and Kdgelicld Dis-
tricts, S. (!., two years in (icorgia, and ibur years
in Fhiriila. In 18.')5 was elected to a professorship
in Furmaii University, and conliniied to jircach to
three churches ibr five years. In Ksfj'J was elected
Professor of Languages in AVako Forest College,
N. C. ; resigned his professorship in 1872. In 1872
foundeil Kaleigh Baptist Female Seminary, and,
when his health failed, transferred it to his son-in-
law, i'rof F. P. Ilobgood, under whose adminis-
tration it has become a noted seat of learning.
During the war served for fourteen months in \ir-
ginia and North Carolina as chaplain of 5r)th N. C.
Regiment. Has Ijapti/.ed over 1501), of these about
400 in connection with one ehurcli, which he served
ten years, in North Carolina, named Flat Kock, —
a mother of churches; baptized 220 whites and
blacks during one revival in Wayneville church,
Ga., which he served ; was pastor of twenty
ehurehes, for terms varying from two to ten years;
has taught successfully in the seminaries of Bryan
and Calvert, Te.xas, and since Septemlier, 1870, has
been president of Baylor Female College, Inde-
pendence, Texas. As a scholar and a preacher he
stands in the first rank. Is now head of a female
seminary at; San Antonio, 'J'exas.

Eucker, James Jefferson, A.M., was born in
Uaiididph Co., ,Mo., Jan. 27, 1828. After receiving
an acadeniie edueatioli, and teaching school lor a
while in Missouri, he entered Georgetown College,
Ky., in 1832, whcj-e he griuluated in I8;J4. In 1855
he was elected Professor of Mathematics in George-
town College, and has filled that position twenty-
five years. He has also been principal of the
Georgetown Female Academv since 18(1'.). lie
united with a Bajitist church in his vouth, and Inis
been very active in promoting the interests of his
denomination, es]iecially in the departments of
education and Sunday-schools.

Rug-g-les, "William, LL.D. — In the list of co-
workers always ranked wiih Baptists, though never
having made a )iublie firofession of the Christian
faith, Pn,f Win. Uiiggles, LL D., has a high place.
lie was burn in Uoclicster, iMass., Sept. 5, 17'J7.
Of (.piiet and studious turn, he fitted Ibr college
under the parish minister, a graduate of Brown Uni-
versity in 17'JG, wliosfi cmirse showed thai Massa-
chusetts clergymen of. the "^standing order" ap-
preciated the I5a|)tist college, since not only iinmy
of them, but many pupils educaleil hy them scnght
this scatof non-sectarian learning. Knieiing Brown
at the age of seventeen, ymiiig Uuggles gradu-
ated in 18:20. In 1822, with Inslile-long Iricml,
President A. Caswell, LL.D., he becamo tutor
at Columbian College, AVashington, D. C, at it»

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RUGGLES

1015

RUN Y OR

opening. Ho Ijooainu Profossor of IM;itheiii!\tics
iind Natiii'iil l'hilc)so|jliy in iMliT, renKuninj^ :it iIk;
collcL'c iliirini; tin.' _y<:ars of niis|icn.si(m, wliiin all
otliurs lufl it lor mon; luci-ativo lic'Kls. In KS59, at
the accession of ilb fifth presitlunt, lio was trans-
ferred to the chair of Political Science. No man
could have heen called to a more important and in-
thiential post at, so critical a juncture. An unusual
number of students from the (Jnlf States, as well as
from the other Southern States, were thoroughly
instructed in the ]irincipU's ami history of the
American Constitution. Absent during the first
year of the war, 18GI-C2, Dr. Ruggles returned
in 1802, and retained his college connection, after
the accession of the si.xth president in 1871, as
Professor Emeritus, up to the tinje of his death,
Sept. 10, 1877, at the ripe age of eighty years.

During his perhaps unparalleled life of fifty-five
years as teacher in the same college, Dr. Kugglcs
was universally esteemed by the trustees, faculty,
and (lupils. lie was ready for any service. Thrco
times he acted as president ad intnhn. Though
firm in his opinions, he was deferential to his fel-
low-ottieers, both in Win earlier and later years.
His clear analysis anil his wide experience during
two-thirils of the nation's history at tlie sisat of
government, gave force and eU'ectiveness to his
later instructions. The appreciation in which he
was held by his alma mater was indicated in 1852,
when the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him
by Brown University.-

Though a constant attendant on religious ser-
vices, and at times free to converse on his own re-
ligious exjicrience, strong convictions as to the
spirituality of the Christian faith, and high con-
ceptions of Christian inK^grity, deterred him from
an open profession. His contributions to every
Christian charily were numerous and unostenta-
tious, his gifts to Baptist ehurciies and missions
having the first place.

His intimate relations with Rev. Dr. Binney and
his accomplished wife during his presidency of
Columbian College, from 1855 to 1858, fixed his
special attention on the Karen Theological School,
of which, in 1843, Dr. Binney became the founder,
and to which, after an absence of five or six years,
he rctnrneil in ISfiS. Dr. Kugglcs was the virtftal
founder, with Dr. Binney, of the school, as he gave
during his life nearly $15,000 to the mission, and
left at his death a legacy oP $25,000, — about one-
half Ilia estate. He used to say privately to those
who sought large donations to home colleges, that
'' to mould the young niinistry of a recently Chris-
tianized nation was the most comprehensive work
possible for any man."

During his summer vacation, spent at his umi.iI
retreat on Sehooley's Mountain, N. J., after a la^t
and lingering visit to the graves of his vacation as-

sociates. Dr. S. II. and jMrs. Cone, Dr. Buggies was
prostrated liy gencM-al debility, and in seven days
he was laid bi'sidc them. Two views iVom the
.Mountain House always i-harun.'d liim, — the "val-
ley" and the " sunset'' vi<:ws. His first words to
his old associate and executor, who visited him on
liis death-bed, were, " I hav(^ comi' to locdc within
the last few wreks on the fiilure world, as com-
pared with this, in a very dill'erent light from what
I ever did before." His pilgrimage of fourscore
years made the " valley" view to him a long one,
but the closing, the " sunset'' view, was to have no
end.

Runyon, Judge Peter P., was born at Long
Hill, N. J., Jlay 1'.), 1787. He used to speak with

--^f^^^^S^

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JUDCE rETER 1'. Ui:.NVOV.

much affection of his ijood mother. After liis mar-
riage and a brief period of school-teaching in Plain-
field be n^moved to New Brunswick^ where he s|ient
the vigor of manhood and the evening of his life.
His character and abilities cmild not be hidden, and
his fellow-citizens honored him, while he honored
the ollices he held. As alderman and recm-der
of the city, justice, freeholder, and for tliirleyn
years judge of the Court of Common Pleas, ho
sustained a high reputation for fiilelity, sound dis-
cretion, legal wisdom, and an amiability that wa»
often brought into requisition as a peace-maker.
He thiiught he was made a subject of grace when
lie was fifteen years old, after a severe season of
conviction lasting six weeks; but he did not join
the church until 1811, when be was baptized by
Rev. Thomas Brown, pastor of the church at Scotch

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RUSSELL

lOlG

Uj'riiEin'oiii)

Plains, ^\'■|len he veiiioved to Now Tiniiiswiek and
united willi till! idiiu'cli there, wliieli was weak, lie
was cohstraiiicd to use his ^il'ts. His liiiaiu'ial
abilities wen! ilrawn ii|Hin (luriiii^ his I'orty-si.'veii
years of nieniherbhip. As tnistee, chiiivh treasurer,
.Sunday-sehool su|)eriuten<h'nt lor tweiity-twu years,
he had iiuieli to do with the! iiioiildin'!; oC the eliureh.
But his iiilhieiice reaehi'd beyond his own eity.
Syinpathi/.ing most heartily with the work of the
IJaptist State Convention, he became its treasurer
Iti 18liO, and was eontiiuied by tbr suHVai^es of his
brethren fur the i-eniainiiii; forty-one years of his
lile. "When he died he left the Convi!ntion a hand-
soiiie lei^aey. His business iiroinptiu'ss, his liberal
syiiipathv with the inlssioiiaries, liis wise eouusels
in the hoard, were very valuable, lie took an aetive
interest in the great national missionary societies,
wdiilo he loved the work aljout his own home, lie
spent his eighty-fourth liirthday attending the niis-
sionarv nieclings at Chii-ago, filled his |ilace in tlie
meeting of the Ijoard of managers, alter his return
attended an educational convention in Uichmond,
prepared his report fur the State Cunvcntimi, but
was not able to attend its meeting. After a short
illness lie breathed out Ins life ; liis last words were,
" The bliss of dying.''

Russell, Eev. A. A., was bom in A Ibany, N. Y.,
July 7, 18l!3, and l)aptized in 1S41 in tlie fellowship
of the First 15aptist church in that c:ity. His atten-
tion having been alrcaily directed towards tlie work
of the ministry, he was soon after his baptism sent
by the church ju.st named to Hamilton. His term
of study here was brief, yet subseipiently he en-
joyed good educational advantages under I'rofs.
Walker and Canning at Stoekbridge, .Mass., and
before his conv(!rMion his school privileges had been
excellent at the Albany Academy, under Dr. 1".
Ivomeyn lii'ck. He was ordained at jViislerlit/.,
N. Y., Aug. l',l, 1S4-I. He has had one pastorate
in Massachnsctts, five in New York, two in Miniu!-
sota, three in Hlinois, and one in lown. In the
spring of 18r)4, under a|ipoiiitiiK'ii t <if the Home
^Mission Society, he became the first pastor of the
First chureh in Minneapolis, Minn. The church
then iiad 11 members. ^Vt the end of tiirce years
lie left them with 101), with Amory dale for his
.sucuessor. His pastoratt!S have all bei!ii successful,
marked i.o an unusual degree with revival inllii-
<'nce. Fifty such revival seasons he has been per-
mitted to enjoy, either in his own ]iastoral labors
or when assisting his brethren. " The sermons I
liave preaclu'd" — these arc his own words — " witll
most satisfaction to the pcojile and to myself are
those which have pr(!sented Christ as 'all and in
all' to Christians, and the all-sullicient Savinur fur
all sinners."

Rust, Jacob Ward, an active and efficient edu-
cator, was born in Logan Co., Ky., Feb. 14, 181'J.

His early o]iportunities were limited, but by dili-
gent and (!onstant application he has become a
schular of cousiderable rc'pulation. 'reaching has
been his professiun from his youth, and he has
been principal of Mount Cariiiel Academy, Spring-
field Academy, Clarksvilli! Female jVoademy, and
Lafayette Female Institute!. In ISGl he was
elccti'd president of liethcd College. This institu-
tion had been prostratcil during the war, but Mr.
lliist speedily brought it up to as liigh a degree of
(irosperity as it bad ever attained. In 18C.S he re-
signed on account of impaired health. After a
brief rest he, with I'rof l>udley, became joint
editors and pro]n-ietors of the Wtsleril lieconler.
In 1871, having sold his interest in the paper, he
became financial agent for tlie Orphans' Home in
Louisville. Thi! next year he was elected princi-
pal of Uethcl Femah! (^lollege. He is a consistent
Baptist, a man of great energy, and rarely fails in
any I'literprise in wliii!li he engages.

Rutherford, Rev. A. J., a pioneer minister of
ability in Northwestern Louisiana, was born in
Vermont in 1815; taught in Alabama from 1S:!7
to 184:!; )iractised law in Arkansas, and became
probate judge ; ordained in 184li, removed to Lou-
isiana in 1801, and settled in Caddo Parish, and
Ibunded many stnnig churidies; was for years
moderator of Cirand Cane Association; died in
18C:5.

Rutherford, Prof. Williams, of the State Uni-
versity of Georgia, a most worthy deacon of the
Baptist church at Athens, (Marke Co., is the son
of AVilliams Ilutherlord and Eli/.a 15oykin, and
was burn near MiUedgeville, (ia., Se|it. 3, 1818.
[Jntil sent to Franklin College, as the State Uni-
versity was then called, he was educated liy Rev.
C. P. IJeman, a famous teaciier at Midwity, near
MiUedgeville. He graduated in 1838, and, after
devoting some years to fanning and railroad busi-
ness, o|iened a. preparatory schoid in Athens, Oa.
In January, 18riG, he was elected Professor of
j\Iatlieniatics by the trustees of the State Uni-
versit}', which position he still holds.

He joined the Baptist church at MiUedgeville
in 1835, in Iiis eighteenth year, when C. D. Mal-
hiry was pastor, and just after a si!rnion preached
by Adiel Sherwooil, relating a very satisfactory
e.xiierieiicc ; and from that time forwanl his lifi!
has been as the sun that shineth more and more
unto the )ierfei!t day. He liegaii at once to labor
in the Sabbath-school as a su)ierintendent, and
nearly every ye.ir since has conlinued • lo occupy
the same post of hunor and usefulness.

In the year 18.i)(j, (iov. Lumpkin, then a deacon
of the Baptist ehnreli at Athens, of which Prof.
Rutherford was also a member, asked to lie dis-
charged from the duties of his oflice, on ai'connt
of age and infirmities, and moved that AVilliams

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RUTLAND

1017

UYLAND

Rutherford be appointed to the deaconate in his
place. The church consented unanimously, and
Prof. Uutherl'ord still retains the ollice, which ho
has filled nio.-^t usefully and olliciently. For many
years he has thus, a.s clerk and deacon of the
Athens church, been a '" living epistle," known
and read of all men, iiii!;hly res|iected.and esteemed
liy the community at larj^e. Fur twenty-four years
he lias held an important position in the faculty of
the State University, and has always exerted a
marked inlluenco in tlio religious gatherings of
the denominations which he has attended.

lie was married to Miss Laura Cobfi, sister of
(iov. Howell Oobb, in 18 11, a lady of remarkable
mental powers and great moral excellence. Noted
for his Jiiety, I'rof. Uutherford is a nnm of great
humility, and the length of time he has retained
his professorshi|i argues the excellence of his
scholarship.

Rutland, Judge W. R,, an active Baptist and
prominent lawyer at Farmerville, ha., was born in
1830. lie took an irregular course in Mount Leba-
non University, La., which was interrupted by the
civil war, in wliich he took an active part, being a
lieutenant in the Confederate army. After the war
he studied law, and has since distinguished himself
at tlie bar and on the bench. Judge Rutland is at
present doing a good work for the denomination by
writing " Pen Sketches'' of useful ministers.

Ryals, J. G., D.D., was bom in the southern
part of Georgia, April 3, 1824. His parents came
fiom North Carolina. Mr. llyals is a gradiuite of
Mercer University, taking the lirst honor in the
class of 1851, wliich was more than usually bril-
liant in the intellectual ability of its members.
After graduation he taught school one year in Co-
lumbus ; then ho studied law for one year under
the celebi'ated lawyer, Judge Cone, of Greene
County; and about 18.50 was admitted to the bar
in Cass County. lie practised law successfully,
and carried on farming operations for some seven
or eight years in the same county. In 1859, after
a long struggle, ho became thoroughly converted
to Jesus, united witli the church, and was baptized
by Dr. Tliomas Rambant. In early manhood Mr.
Ryals was tinctured with ske|itical sentiments,
which were obliterated by a perusal of the theo-
logical works of Jonathan Edwards, which also
imbued him strongly with Calvinistic sentiments.
Two or three years after his union with the chinch
he began to take part in public religious exercises,
and his efforts were .so blessed that he became pow-
erfully impresscd-^vidi the conviction that it was
iiis duty to preach the gospel. He lost his interest
in the law, and soon abandoned its practice and
devoted himself wholly to the ministry. In bi.'i
he succeeded Dr. Rambant as pastor of the ('.utcis-
ville Baptist churcli, and since that period, a.s the
65

pastor of several churches in the neighborhood of
his home, he has been very useful in the Master's
cause. In order to educate his childrtui he has
been compelled, besides preaching and farming, to
teach school in Bartow County. He has long been
recognized as one of the best, strongest, and most
inlluential Baptist pri^achers in Georgia. For many
years he has been the moderator of the Middle
Cherokee Association and a member of the board
of trustees for Mercer University. He is also a
member of tlie State Jlission Board of the Georgia
BajUist Convention.

Ryan, Rev. Joseph, was born in Fairfield Dis-
trict, S. C, Oct. iJ, 1782. A solilier in the war of
1812, as was his father in the Revolulion. He
united with the Baptist Church in 181-1, and soon
after entered the ministry. Came to the Territory
of Alabama and settled in Greene County in 1815.
lie originated and was the first pastor of Salem
church, near Greensborough, then a most wealthy
church; ho was its pastor for twenty-one years.
Other strong churches in West Alabama grew up
under liis eminent ministry. The Cahaba and the
Tuskaloosa Associations had the assistance of his
wise counsel in their funiation. He was a firm
and intelligent advocate of the cause of missions.
In 1837 he removed to Sumter County, where his
ministry again was a grand snecess. Many great
revivals followed his pi'caching. He educated his
seven children liberally. One of them is an aide
minister of the gospel, — Rev. J. K. Ryan, of Push-
mataha, Ahi. The father died in 1848, leaving a
spotless name and a ijrecions memory.

Ryland, Rev. Charles Hill, was born in King
and (^leeii Co., Va., Jan. 22, 1836. After a
thorough training at Fleetwood Academy, he en-
tered Richmond College in 1854, and the Southern
Baptist Theological Seminary in 1859. During the
war, ho was for two years with the Confederate
army in Virginia as evangelist and colporteur, and
subsequently the depositary and treasurer of the
Army Colportage Board. He was ordained in 1803
at the Bruington chureli, and became pastor, al'ler
the close of the war, of Biirruss's ehurcli, Mount
Carmel, succeeding the distingnished preachers,
Andrew Broaddus and A. M. Poiiidexter, in that
venerable church. In 1800 he was made general
superintendent of the Sunday-schools in Virginia
under the General Association, and succeeded in
reorganizing and eipiipping (he schools, and in
bringing their work to a high degree of )iro(iciency.
In 1809, when the first National Sunday-School
Institute was held in St. Louis, under the Ameri-
can Baptist Publication Society, Mr. Ryland took a
leading part, delivering the opening address, on
■' Our Aims in this Institute." In 1809 ho became
pastor of the clmreli in ,\h;xandria, ^"a. ; in 1874
was elected financial secretary of Richmond Col-

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JiYLAND

1018

liYLAND

lejro, Vii., wliiuli position lie still holds. lie is a
tnisteo of Ri(.-limonJ College, a iiieiiilier of the cor-
poration of the Culiiiuliian Universit}', iiml llie
foiHuler of the Virginia IJaptist Historical Society,
organi/,od in 1870. I\Ir. liyhuid is actively identi-
fied with every good work which the dciioniinatiiin
has at heart.

Eyland, John, D.D., was Imrn .fan. 2'.», nri.i,
at AV'arwick, Knghmd, where his father, the ahle
and scliolarly John Collett Kyland, was pastor of
the Baptist church. The study of Hebrew was his
father's ruling passion as a teacher, and Mr. Kyland
was not a little elated at his child's early profirirncy
in the language, fur when only five years old he was
able to road and translate the twenty-third psalm
to the celebrated llervey, with whom his father
was intimately acquainted. When he was about
fourteen years old Ins religious impressions became
fixed, and ho was baptized by his father on Sept.
13, 1767. He was recommended to jircach by vote
of the church at Xorthanipton, to which his father
had removed from Warwick, when lie M'as about
eighteen years of age, and wa.s fully engaged in the
village's around for several years. During this time
he assisted his father in his ])rivate school, which
had stood high under Mr. llyland's management.
In 1781 the church invited him to become co-pastor
with his father, and five years later sole pastor,
Mr. Ilyland, Sr., having removed to the neighbor-
hood of London. His labors at Northampton were
greatly blessed. He took a dee|) interest and a
leading part in the foruiation of the JMissionary
Society, ami at the close of his life he became its
secretary. In April, 1792, ho received a unani-
mous invitation to the two olliccs of pastor of the
Broadmead church, Bristol, and president of the
Baptist college in that city. After jirolonged con-
sideration he at length deinded to accept the call,
and entered upon his duties at Bristol at the lic-
ginniiig of 1794. For upwards of thirty years he
was the most eminent Ba|iti8t minister in the west
of England, and was greatly esteemed by men of
all ranks and denoiiiinations. The college flour-
ished under his pri;sidciicy, and for a long time he
exercised liy common consent a kind of episcopal
supervision over a large niimljer of churches. His
correspoudence was extensive. An ardent Liberal
in political and ecclesiastical principles, he felt a
lively interest in American matters, and had fre-

quent communications with .\merican correspond-
ents respecting them, and also concerning mission-
ary work. He wrote and published a considerable
number of special discourses and tractates on im-
portant subjects, and also several hymns now in
general use in public worship.

.lohn I'oster says of him, Ihat as a preacher " ho
excelled very many descrvi'dly esleemi'd prcaidiers
in variety of topics and ideas. To the end of his life
he was a great reader, and very far from being
confined to one order of snlijeets, and he wouhi
freely avail himself of these resources for diversi-
fj'ing and illustrating the subjects of his sermons.
The readers of the printed sketches of liis sermons,
who never heard him, can have no ade(juatc idea
of the spirit, force, and compulsion on the hearer's
attention with which the sermons were delivered." .
lie died at Bristol on May 25, 1825, in his seventy-
third year. The funeral sermon, jjicaehed by
Robert Hall, is well known as one of the choicest
specimens of pulpit eloquence in our literature.

Ryland, Robert, D.D,, a distinguished ministei-
and educator, was born in King and Queen Co.,.
Va., March 14, ISOo ; was baiitized into the fellow-
ship of Bruington Ba|itist church in 1824, licensed
to (U'eacli in 1S25, and ordained in 1827. After
studying tlie Latin and Greek languages, he entered
Columbian College, Washington, 1). C, where he
graduated in 182t'), The next year he became pastor
of the church at Lynchburg, and tilled the position
for five years. In 1832 he took charge of the manual
labor school at Richmond, Va. This institutioir
develoiied into Rielimond College, which was char-
tered in 1844, with Ur. Rylaiul as president. In
1800 he resigned ami was made pastor of the First-
African Baptist chinch, in Richmond, serving it
for twenty-live years, during which time he bap-
tized into its fellowshi]) fjver 3800 persons. In
1808 he removed to Shelbyville, Ky., where he-
taught a female school and preached to several
country churches. He has since been similarly
engaged at Lexington, and is now jjresiilent of a
female eeiiiinary, and preaches to the church at
New Castle, Ivy.

Dr. Ryland is one of the most distinguished
Baptist ministers in this country. Ilis services to
the cause of truth have been invaluable, and he
occupies an affectionate place in the regards of his-
brethren in every State of the Union.

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.'^ACK'/'riT

1019

^ACRKU

s.

Sackett, Rev. John Buell, was bi>in in Tobian,

N. Y., Jiin. 8, IS 12; urulcr tin! labors of Dr. Vin-
ton, niLssionary to Burnuib, was converted and bap-
tized in 1831 ; studied at Ilainilton, and entered
the pastorate at Kin^syilie, 0., where he continued
with f^reat success nine years; was subsequently
pastor of the churches at !\Iount Vernon, Lan-
caster, and Fredcricktown. In 18C2 lie became
corresponding secretary of the Ohio Statu Conven-
tion, assuming later, in connection with this oflice,
the duties of supfrintendent of niissiuns and finan-
cial agent. From October, 18()'J, to October, 1870,
wliile retaining the ollice of corresponding secre-
tary, gave most of his time to the struggling church
at Oberlin, but, on the com|iletion of their house
of worship, resumed his full duties, and remained
in the State service until his sudden death, at
Clyde, Dec. 24, 1870. Mr. Sackett was a nnm
of sterling worth, and has left the impress of his
genial Christian character on many of the Ohio
churches.

Sacred Scriptures, Inspiration of the.— In

saying that the Scriptures are inspired we mean
the Scriptures in the languages in which they were
originally written. AVc do not claim that the tran-
scribers and translators of the original Scriptures
enjoyed the same divine protection from error
which controlled the original writers. It i.s well
known that the lirst manuscripts of the New Testa-
ment, for inst;iMce, have all been lost. It is also
evident that the work of transcribing and retran-
scribing subjected the text to possible variations.
No supernatural aid was given to shield the tran-
scribers from such mistakes. Then any transla-
tion of the New Testament could be valuable and
accurate only in so far as it reproduced most faith-
fully the language and spirit of the original text.
No one will claim that in translating the Scri|)-
tures the same divine aid is enjoyed which was
given to holy men of God in W'riting lliem. The
fact then that in the determination of the original
text we are left- to the comparison of the dilferent
transcriptions yet extant with the ancient versions
and quotations that give them sup[)ort, and that
more jierfcct translations and revisions are contin-
ually needed, does not in the least militate against
the doctrine that the original Scriptures were in-
spired.

Of course the oMest nninuscripts existing hav.
the greatest authority in determining the ao-

curacy of the text. There are several manuscript
copies of the New Testament extant, but the num-
ber of the oldest, and conseciucntly the njost valu-
able, may be reduced to four.

1. The Sinaitic manuscri|it (Codex Sinaiticus),
)jrobably the nnjst ancient of New Testament man-
uscripts, was discovered by Tischenchu'l', in 1859,
at the convent of St. Catherine, near Mount Sinai.
It is now at St. Petersburg. Tisehendorf thinks
it was written about the middle of the fourth cen-
tury.

2. The Vatican manuscript (Codex Vaticanus)
is also of the fourth century. It is in the Vatican
library of Rome. It is not so complete as the Sinn-
itie manuscript. Schalfjudgcs it to be more correct.

3. The Alexandrian manuscript (Codex Alexan-
drinus) was brought from Alexandria in Egypt by
Cyril Lucar, patriarch of that city. It was pre-
sented by him to Charles 1. of England in 1628.
It is now in the liritish Museum. It is of the
fifth century probably.

4. The manuscript of E|iliraim the Syrian (Codex
Ephraimi Syri). The imme of this manuscript is
derived from the fact that the divine Word was
partly erased, and that some of the works of
Ephraiiu tho S^^rian were written over it. It is
of the fifth century, and is now in the librax'y of
the Louvre at Paris.

These four are (((if/u/ manuscripts, — that is, they
are written in ca|]ital letters (jf a large size, —
while later, or cursioe, manuscri[)ts, are written in
a running hand Greek.

" If these four manuscripts agree in support of ft
reading, their testimony outweighs that of all tho
others."

Granting tliat tho Scriptures contain a divine
revelation, the question renmins, Arc these Scrip-
tures an infallible conimuniiation of that revela-
tion? It is not enough for us to )j0 c(nivinced that
God revealed himself to chosen men, and that these
men communicateil his revelation toothers by writ-
ing. We ask. Did they communicate it correctly
and fully? Did they enjoy such a degree of divine
aid as was suincient to prcservo them from all
error, and to render ihrir communication infallible
and authoritative? 'fhe (jucstion is not, Ilow did
the sacred writers uhldin the ti'uths they record ? but,
How did they lrau.im.il that truth to their fellow-
men?

Wo hold that the Scriptures are divinely in-

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. //

SACRED

1020

SACRED

spired, — tliiit is, that in wriiiiuj them the sacred
peiiiitca enjoyed the supernatural injlucnce and
guidance uj'the divine Spirit in a measure sufficient
to secure its end, — the infallible communication oj'
divine truth. 'I'liis is wluit wo iiieaii liy iiis|iira-
tioii. Tlie inspiiMtioii irl' thu Scripture's has to do
with its writers simply as tlu;' recorders ol' tlio
truth. Fu the words of Dr. llovoy, "The sacred
writers were moved and assisted liy tlie Holy
Spirit to put on record all which the Bible, apart
tVoui errors in the te.\t, now contains." We hold
such assistance liy the S|iirit to iiave been neces-
sary, because without it it would ho impossible Tor
erring man to ij;ive us an infallible record, and
without an inl'alliblo record we could possess no
riiliablo authoritative rule of faith and practice.

In determiniug whether such supernatural assist-
ance was given to the writers, we rcl'er to the ex-
alted character of the Word of God and to the tes-
timony of the Scriptures themselves.

Apart from direct Scri])ture testimony, there are
weii^hty considerations wliieh lead us to expect
that liod would |irovide for man a perfectly infal-
lible record of his revealed will. The very hict
that Ood has given a revelation to man furnishes
presumptive proof that he has secured an infallible
and perfect record of it. AVhat advantage would
there be in a revelation iniperfei^tly transmitted?
Could it demaud our trust and obedience? \Voulil
not sucharevehition lie practically wcjrthless? And
can we believe- that Ood would sutler his design in
giving a revelation to be utterly frustrated by
neglecting to provide lor its iierfect transmission?
Are we not compelliMl to believe tluit God would
complete this work and secure to us its perpetual
benetits by means of an infallible record?

Everything that goes to prove that the liible
contains a revelation from God furnishes evidence
of the completeness of its inspiration. There is,
we claim, no rational way of accounting for the
wonderful character of the Scriptures unless they
are divinely inspired. Such truths, thus written,
must have been not only divinely given, but di-
vinely recorded.

As regards the New Testament, it is plainly prom-
ised to the a[i0stles by the iMaster that through the
])ower of the Holy Spirit they would be etialjled
to convey the divine trutli given to them in an in-
fallible manner. (Compare Matt. .x. 19; Ijuke xii.
I'J ; John xiv. 20 ; XV. 2C, 27; xvi. 13; xiii. 20;
XX. 21-2;i)

\n relation to the New Testament writers who
were not apostles, it is true that the promise of
immediate divine guidance was not prinuirily given
to them, but they must have shared in it. Their
fellowship and intimate intercourse witli llie apos-
tles Ic'ad U8 to accept the generally-received o|iinion
that they wrote under the direction and supervision

of apostles. The character of their writings proves
their equal inspiration.

Accepting the fact that the New Testament
Scriptures were ins[iired, the insjiiration of the
Old Testament necessarily follows. Tlu! Old 'J'es-
tament is the basis of the New. The New Testa-
ment writers constantly refer to the wiu'ds of the
Old Testament as the wiu'ds of tho Spirit, the words
of Ood. (Com|)arc Luke i. 70; lleb. i. 1 ; 1 Peter
i. 10-12; 2 Peter i. 21.) In 2 Tim. iii. 16, the tes-
timony regarding the inspiration of the Old Testa-
ment is emphatically asserted by Paul, " All Scrip-
ture is given by inspiration of God." Evidently the
apostle here refers to tlieCUd Testament, and .speaks
of it as inspired of God.

But what is the nature and extent of that in-
fluence which the Holy Spirit exerted over the
writers in producing the sacred books? What is
implied in a guidance sufficient to secure its tini\, —
the infallibility of the record? What kind and
amount of inllueuce are needeil to secure this end?

In approxinmting an answer, the human element
in Scripture must be taken into consideration and
given its due weight. The individuality of each
writer stands out plainly in his writings. Any
theory of inspiration which ignores this fact is
defective.

But the human element must ever be held in
subordination to the divine elenuint.

Taking both points into consideration, the only
adequaie ex|ilaiKttion of tho phenomena before us
can be this, — that while the writers were left to
the free exercise of their individual faculties, they
were at the same time so inlluenced, guided, and
controlled in the use not only of their thoughts but
also of their words, that their writings nuiy be
truly said to be the word not of men but of God.

If the Spirit's work in regeneration and sanctifi-
cation does ncrt restrict the free exercise of our own
personal activities, why should it do so in inspira-
tion? If Ood can guide minutely and absolutely
our purposes, affections, and destiny in the new
birth without interfering with our personal freedom
of volition and action, why should we conceive it
to be incredible that he should guide men minutely
in \yriting his revelation without such an interfer-
ence ?

If preservation from error is to be secured by
inspiration, it is absolutely necessary that the as-
sistance, inllueiu:e, and guidance 'granted by the
Spirit should extend to the words as well as the
thoughts communicated. 'I'hought is clothed in
words, language is tho garment, tin; iiu:'arnati(jn,
so to speak, of thought. How can they be sepa-
rated? IIow can thought be infallibly conveyed
unless it is clothed in infallible language?

The very idea of inspiration involves divine as-
sistance and guidance. A divine influence whieli

■a lo

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SA GE

1021

SAGE

does not extend to tlie l;ingiiai;e ia not siidiciont
to secure its end, — the perfect infallibility of (lie
Scriptures. If tlio writers had been left to them-
selves in the olioice of words, it does not appear
liow they could have been |ireserved from error-
Without a special divine protection the sacred
writers were liable, as other writers'are, to enjploy
inade(|uate and erroneous expressions. Nothing
short of a special divine interposition was suilicieiit
to preserve tliem fi'om all such errors in language.
Either the divine influence exerted was sullicient to
protect the writers from all error in language, or it
was not sufficient to do this. If it was not suffi-
cient, we have no assurance that the record is reli-
able; if it was sullicient, then the inspiration was
verbal.

The apostle in '2 Tim. iii. 16, speaks of the
■' Scripture' as inspired, — that is, the toriliiii/, not
the thoughts simply. We. have to do then with
the inspiration cd' a book, the inspiration of certain
wriiiiiijs ; but the ins|iiration of a book, the in-
spiration of. a certain writing, necessarily involves
the inspirati(Hi of its langllag^^ How can a hoolc,
iiwritiiiy, bo inspired of God unless its worils are
the productof a divine influence and guidance?
If all Scripture is given by inspiration of God its
written words are inspired.

Accepting, then, heartily, the fact that the Scrip-
tures do not only contain a divine revelation, but
that they are the infallible record of that revela-
tion ; that both as to thought and expression they
were penned under the guidance, inQumiee, and
protection from error of the Holy Spirit ; that they
reveal to us God's thoughts in the words he has
chosen to convey them ; that though the Bible is
given through iium it is not to be taken as the word
of men, liut, as it is in truth, tlie word of God;
holding firmly that the inllucnce exerted by the
Holy vSpirit in recording the Scri|)tures is an influ-
ence dilfcring in nuinner and degree from the gen-
oral influence of the Spirit ; that it is a special and
gracious influence restricted to tlie sacred writers
exclusively ; we believe that we have in these Sorip-
'tures the sole and sufiicient divine iuithority and
rule regarding the w.ay of salvation, and regarding
every Christian doctriin;, duty, ami hope. Chris-
tians ask no other standard. No liuman authority
can for a moment take its place. What it teaches
they feel bound to believe ; what it comiuands they
feel bound to practice, and that only.

Sage, Adoniram Judson, D.D., was born in
Massillon, 0., in 1830; removed to (Jranville; in
1S14 settled with parents near Cincinnati ; attended
school for three years in Covington, Ky. ; at fifteen
served one year as private tutor ; gave three years
to teaching scho(d ; fitted for college; entned
Ilochester University, and graduated in ISCU; en-
tered Rochester Theological Seminary, and gradu-

ated in I8(j3; pastor of Shelljurne Falls Baptist
church, Mass., from 1863 to 18(17 ; supplied Strong
Place church, Brooklyn, N. Y., four months; pastor
of Fourth church, rhihid(;lpliia, I'a., from 1S08 to

AD0NIRA.M JUDSON SACE, D.D.

18G9 ; supplied Pierpont Street church, Brooklyn,
N. Y., five months ; Professor of Latin in Iloches-
ter University, ]8Tt)-71 ; settled with First Baptist
church, Hartford, Conn., in 1872, where he is still
preaching with marked success. In bis ministry
thus far (1880) he has baptized about 300 persons;
wields an unusually elegant and effective pen ; has
written important articles for The Examiner and
other leading periodicals ; delivered addresses at
comnienceiiients ; is president of Connecticut Bap-
tist State Convention, and trustee of Connecticut
Literary Institution ; received honorary degree of
D.U. from Rochester University in 1872 ; for tal-
ents, attainments, and character honored as a loader
in Connecticut and as a prominent minister out of
it.

• Sage, Deacon Oren, son of Giles Sage, was
born at Middletown, Conn., Deo. 25, 1787, and
died at Ilochester, N. Y., Sept. 12, I860. At six-
teen years of age he was converted. In 1809 he
settled at Ballston, but in 1827 transferred his
business to Ilochester, N. Y., where lie perma-
nently settled. He made himself felt at once as a
Christian and a Baptist. To him mcjrc than to any
other one man our denomination owes its success-
ful start and career in ilochester. His growing
means gave liim a commanding position, which he
faithfully used for the promotion of religious work

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1 1

SA GE

1022

SAKER

in guiionil luid liis own loved dctioiiniiii,ti()ii in piii'-
ticiil;ir.

All L'liisse.i of MiPii in tlio city knew ;ind loveil
him. In lii.s own cluiroli every inenilier was liis
pci'sonal friend. During tlio pastcn'ates of five
successive minister.'*, tlirou;;li a period of forty
years, Deacon Sage was a pillar of tlio clmrcli.

At tlio aj;e of sixty-throo lie boeanie one of tlio
prime movers of tlie pnijoet of esfablisliinii; llie
University of llocliesti.'r. Ho ap[jreciatod tlio value
of education, and was always deeply interested in
tlie welfare of students. Tlie Tlieologieul Seminary
of lloclioster received his close attention ; the edu-
cation of the ministry was always near to his heart.

'I"he cause of rity missions rocoivod mucii of its
best support from him, and the devoliiiPineni (jf the
]5a)itist interest from one to six churches in liochcs-
ter is largel}' due to the impulse wliieli ho gave it.

His character showed a remarkable combination
of iiualities. Strength ami sweetness, justice and
mercy, force and patience, were united in it. His
temperament was at onco ardent and enduring.
He could work and wait. Ho was wise and also
childlike. 'J'lio spirit of the Master-seemed to have
)Missessed him wlmlly. For him to live was Christ,
and his last words were, " As for me, I am going to
glorify God."

Sage, William Nathan, second son of Deacon
Orcn Sage, was born at Hallston, Saratoga Co.,
N. Y., July 15, 1S19. At the age of eight, in
1827, he removed with his parents to Uoi-hester.
Ho was converted at eleven, and united with tho
First IJaptist cliurch of Itochester, Jan. 2, LSiJ],
and was identified from his childhood with the'
growth and prosperity of that church ; for fifty-
one years in its Sabliath-school as a scholar, secre-
tary, teaclier, superintendent, and 15il)le-class in-
structor, for I'orty-oight years in the church, and
for nearly twenty years a deac^nn. At the ago of
tW(Mity-ono he graduated from Brown University,
in the class of 184(1, with Drs. E. Dodge, H. G.
"Weston, W. T. Brantly,. J. R. Kendrick, H. Lin-
coln, and Franklin Wilson, ami a number of others
who have been |)roiiiinent in political life. He was
one of the prime movers in the organization and
cstablisliiiicnt of the I\ocliest(T 'I'beological Semi-
nary and the Univer.sity of llochestcr. He has
been secretary and treasurer of the latter from the
commencement, and financial agent since 18GI).
These trusts he has filled with eminent ability and
sagacity.

In 1855, Mr. Sage was elected for three years as
county clerk, and although often solicited, after
filling that ollice with great credit, to accept other
political olliccs, he has firmly refused. He has
often been honored with jiositions of hii:li liiist,
Biich as manager of the House of Refuge, a State
institution, president of Rochester Orphan Asvlum,

)iresident of the Sago Deposit Company, president
and trustee of the Dime Savings-Iiaiik, president
of the (lili/.ons' Association, executor of several
estates, president of the Christiiin Union Associa-
tion at Martha's Vineyard, and numerous other
responsibilities. In a report by President M. 15.
Anderson to the trustees of the University of
Rochester is found this testimonial: " 'I'lie lirst
twenty years of growth and prosperity on tho part
of this university have been greatly duo to the skill,
judgment, and self-saciilii;iiig labor of William N.
Sage.

Saker, Rev. Alfred, for more than tliirty-seven
years a missionary of the Fnglish I'aptist Missiun-
ary Society in Western Africa, will in after-ages be
remoiiibei-cd with Livingstone and Mod'at and Mac-
kenzie among the founders of African Christian civ-
ilization. When the mission to Western Africa was
commenced, Sir. and .Mrs. Saker, then members
of the Moiicc Square church, Devonpnrt, offered
themselves fur the work. It was the )inrpose of
the missionary executive to use a small steamer
in connection with mission work, and Mr. Saker
went out in the position of assistant missionary,
cioiibining with that the duties of engineer. 'J'his
libin, however, was not carried out, but Mr.
Saker's trained ca|iacity found ample seo|io in the
circumstances of the mission. Shortly after his
arrival at Fernando Do, tlio lieadquarters of the
Baptist missionaries, he visited the tribes on the
mainland at the mouth of the Cameroons River.
Here he built a hoiisi^ suitable for the work, with
his own hands, and gradually aeipiired aci|uaint-
ance with the language of the people. Within two
years of the commencmuent of his labors he had
reduced their language to writing and prepared a
lesson-book for tho school whicli he had formed.
With tlie ]irinting-]iress and malorial sent to him
by the church at l>evonpiirt ho printed school-
books for the use of his scholars and portions of
thci New Testament. In 184'J the church at Cam-
eroons was njrmed, and a Christian civilization be-
gan to spread itself there through Mr. Saker's
efforts. Ho induced the people to labor with some-'
thing like regularity in agriculture, introducing
various plants, such as bread-fruit, mangoes, or-
anges, and other fruits and vegetables for daily
sustenance. 'fhese productions, moreover, ena-
liled them to obtain iiianufactured articles from
the ships frequenting the river, and in the course
of a few years a civilized community was estab-
lished. He taught hi-i converts the industrial arts,
and soon found himself surrounded by artisans of
all sorts, — earpent(u-s, smiths, bricklayers, etc.
The more fcu'ward scholars soon became helpful in
the printing-odice work, and aided in the transla-
tion and printing of the Scriptures in the Dualla
tongue, which was his life-long tai-k. In 1851 the

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1 1 ' ' i .i;

SALm

1023

SALTLVi

mission was rcduocil by (loath to such a degree
tliiit not a sinijh' Ibliow-hiljorer reniaineil of tliose
whu went out wilh him, except one of two colored
brethren. All his Kiiropean eolleiij^ues were gone,
and lie was left alone. Hitherto he had been in a
subordinate ])Osition, but now I'roui nccessitv ho
was oblij;ed to take the lead. In 18.73 the .Spanish
f;overniiii'nt, instigated by the Jesuit missionaries,
insisted on the departure of the Baptists from Fer-
nando Po, and suppressed all Protestant worship.
Tiie converts resolved to aecompany their teachers,
and the wlude l?a|itist eommuility removed under
-Ml'. iSaker's guidance to Amboises l>ay, on the
niainiand. He purchased a tract of land on the
coast I'rom the J5imbia cliief, and niapjied out the
new colony of \'ietoria. Under his energetic super-
intendence and untiring persornil lalxu' the ground
was soon covered with houses and gardens for the
exiles. Mr. .SaUer's inlluence upon the native chiefs
and their people was most successfully exorcised in
sujipressing nniny of their cruel and sanguinary
customs. Indeed, if hi' had chosen, ho might have
made himself their king in the later years of his
resilience among them. Although hi! lived so long
in aclimatedeadly to Europeans, he sull'ered greatly
from fever and debility. Few who saw him when o<'-
casionally visiting England to recruit his strength,
can forget the look of extreme eniaciation which
always cdniracterizod him. liut liis soul was full
of indomitable vigor, and it was not until 1878
that he linally gav-e up the work and returned to
England. As opportunity ollered, he visited tho
churches in the interest of missions until March,
ISSO, when ho entereil into rest, aged sixty-live
years. His devoted wife yet survives hiiu.

Salin, Rev. Lewis H., a loanu'd and talented
Israelite, was born in the kingdom of Bavaria,
Germany, July 2, ISli'J, and is the son of Kabbi
Henry B. Salin. He was educated in his native
country. He came to the United States a young
man, and engaged in the mercantile business in
Cincinnati. In LSol! he was converted to Christ,
and united with Longridge Baptist church in Owen
Co., Ky., where he has since resided. He was li-
censed to jireacli in 1.S5.5, and ordained in 1857.
He has usually been pastor of four country and
village churches, but he ha.s also labored exten-
sively and very successfully as an cvangidist in the
towns and gities of the State.

Sallis, James G., M.D., a )irominent physician
in Attala Co., .Miss., deacon in the Baptist f!hurch,
and one of the most ellieient Sunday-school work-
ers in his part of the State, was born in Alabanni
in 1825. He has resideii in Mississippi since 184.S.

Salter, Lieut. -Gov. Melville Judson, was bom

in Sarilinia, Wvoming I'o., N. V., .luini 2U, I^U,
iiiul was one year old when his paients i-emcrd In
Battle Creek, Mich. They removed again, in IslO,

to Marshall, Mich., where he was converted at the
age of sixteen, and united with the Baptist Church.
He is a self-eilucated man. He removed to Cali-
lornia, where he spent somi; time. (Jn hearing of

I,1EUT.-G0V. MF:1.V1I.I,E Jl'DSO.N SALTER.

the death of his mother in Michigan, he took ]ias-
sago on the steamer " Cortez" to Nicaragua, where
the vessel was seized, and the whole crew came
near being pressed into the service of Gen. AV^alker,
and but for the prompt action of Capt. Collins tho
object might have been acconiplished. At Panama
about forty of the passengers stopjied at the " Ocean
House." In a mere freak, I\Ir. Salter suggested to
a comrade that they board a train just leaving for
Aspinwall, and in twenty minutes after a riot broke
out in which every American guest at the "Ocean
House" was killed. Ho and his comrade only es-
cafied. In LS7I he removed with his wife and
three sons to the neighliorhood of Thayer, Neosho
Co., Kansas. In 1,S72 great cxeitenient |)revailed
among the settlers on the Osage coded lands. A
protective association was formed, and he was
elected chief counselor. Here his executive abili-
ties were demonstrated. The settlers triumphed in
the contest for their homes. In lS74'he was elected
lieutenant-governor of Kansas, and in 187fi was
re-elected, aiul also appointed regent of Manhattan
College. In 1877 he was appointed register of Inde-
pendence land-odiec. We is also a deacon of the
Baptist church. While the idiurch was unable to
snp]iort a pastor ho led in the services and road
sernu)ns on the Sabliath, and superintended the
.Sunday-school with acceptance and success. Lieut.-

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1024

SA.VSOX

Gov. Salter's rclii^ion is of that kind that will bear
transportation without yielding.

Samson, Rev. Abisha, was bom at Woodstock,
Vt., Sept. 2S, ITSo. lie was liopelully eonvcrted
when about seventeen 3'ears of age, and joined the
Congregational ehureli in Halifax, Jlass. In the
spring of 180.5, finding his views niOre in harmony
with those of the Baptists, he united with the
First Baptist chnreh in Providence, 11. 1., where
he was tlien resiiling. In 1.S04 he comnieneed to
study with Rev. W. Williams, of Wrenthain, Mass.
with the intention of entering tiie Christian min-
istry. He was licensed by the First church, in
Providence, in April, 1SU5, and was ordained in
June, fSOG, in the meeting-house of the church of
which he was a member, and at once entered upon
his work as (jast^ir of the church in Tisbury, Mar-
tha's Vine^-ard, JMass., in which place, and in ad-
joining (jlaces, hiii ministry was very successful.
Circumstances which heeonid not control led to his
resignation and acceptance of a call to Harvard,
Mass., in liil'J., where he remained, u most useful
pastor, for twenty years. In 1S32 he took charge
of the church in Southborough, JIass., remaining
there for eight years, when he removed to Wcjrces-
ter, INIass., and after four years to AVashington,
1>. C, to reside with liis sun, Rev. Dr. Samson, then
])re8ident of Columbian College, where he died,
June 24, ISGl.

Samson, George Whitefield, D.D., was Lorn
Sept. 2'J, l8i'J, at Jl.irvard, Mass. His father,
Abislia Samson, was the sixth in descent from
Abraham .Samson, who came to Plymouth among
tlie earliest Pilgriuis ; and his mother, Mehetal^le
Kenriek, was the sixth in descent from one of the
earliest Puritan settlers at Boston, Mass. From
the age of eight young Samson was his father's
chief reader, — his eyesight iuiving failed entirely,
— and by this means, before lie was thirteen years
old, he became familiar with Scott's "Commen-
tary," Gill's " Divinity," Buck's " Theological Dic-
tionary," and such early Andover press-issues as
Jahn's '' Old Testament Introduction," " Bibliqjil
ArchiBology," etc. At the age of twelve, during a
series of "four days' meetings" hold in 1831, he
was hopefully converted, and was baptized by his
father in November of that year. The reading of
the memoir of the lirst Mrs. Judson led him to
resolve to study for the ministry, having in view
the foreign mission work. In the spring of 1832
he began to prepare for college under the Uev.
Chas. Train, of Framingham ; and in June, 1833,
at the opening of the Worcester Manual Labor
School, under the charge of Silas Bailey, he became
one of its first pupils, and a favorite of the Hun.
Isaac Davis, one of its chief patrons. He iiitircd
Brown University in September, 1835, and gradu-
ated in 1830. In the mean time he was an occa-

sional correspondent of, and reporter for, the Chris-
liaii WatcliiiKvn, Boston. During 1830—10 he was
assistant principal, under Prof. S. S. Greene, at the
Worcester Manual Labor School, during which

GEORGE WHlTEriEI-U S.iMSON, D.D.

time he was licensed to preach by the First Baptist
church, ^Vorcestcr. He entered Newton Theologi-
cal Seminary in .September, 1840, and graduated in
1843. Meanwhile he preached in the summer vaca-
tion of 1841 at Martha's \'ineyard, and in the spring
and summer of 1842 at Washington, 1). C, the E
Street church being constituted at his second visit,
Oct. G, 1842, with twenty-one mcml/ers. In the au-
tumn of 1842 he was invited by the Baptist Gen-
eral Convention to take charge of the Karen Col-
lege, about to be organized, but circumstances
prevented, and Dr. Binuey accepted the appoint-
ment. During the winter of 1842-43, Rev. Jacob
Knapp was preaching for the new church in Wash-
ington, and M. B. Anderson, now of Rochester
University, and at that time tutor in Watcrville
College, was with the church during December and
January. At the solicitation of the church, Mr.
Samson spent three months with them following
up the work, wdiich resulted in the addition of 121)
new members. Returning to Newton, ho finished
his course, and graduated in 1843, and was ordained
at Washington in August. After four years of
arduous labor, having specially |n-epared himself
for the study of art and of Biblical avchajology,
ho spent a year in the Fast and in Western Knrope,
devoting half a year to Goshen, the Desert of Si-
nai, and Palestine j following the route of Najio-

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SA^fSON^

1025

fiANCTIFICATION

loon's engineers in 17'JS-'jy tlirougii the delta re-
traced liy Seetzcn in 1810, and personully finding
the valley east of Jebel Mousa, regarded by early
Christians as the place of Israel's encanipinent,
and since his visit recognized by French and Ger-
man seliolars. He satisfactorily identilicd als(j the
sites of Christ's birth, baptism, transiiguration,
death, n.scensiuii, and ulher locaiitiis. A series of
letters was written fur the Jt'tdr/iman, of Boston ;
three articles on Cioshcn were jirepared for the
Clirisiiaii lioHLW : one on .Sinai for the liibUo/hcai
Sacni ; a treatise on the jilaces of New Testament
baptisms; a small volnme on spiritualism, — all ap-
pearijig between ISIS aiid IS.Ol. Ketiirning to
AVashington, he reniaine<l with the K Street elmreh
from 18-18 to 18uO, when he became, for two years,
the successor ol' Dr. Hagno at Jamaica Plain, iNFass.
Itetnrning again tu Wasliington, he continued pas-
ter of the clinrcli for eight years, having among
his regular heavers Ann)s Kendall, Sam Houston,
W. L. Rlarcy, Thos. Corwin, W. A. Cirahani, DulV
(ireen, Stephen A. Douglas, ami other prominent
statesmen. In 1S.08 he was elected |iresident of
the Columbian College, AVashlngton, H. C, and
within two years the number of student.s was con-
siderably increased, many donations \fere nnide,
and the legacies of Prof. K. Klton, D.I)., John
Withers, and James IMeCutcheri given. At the
opening of the war the nniin college edilice was
rented to the govei-nnnnit as a hos]iital, and it was
the only building thus occupied for whicli a written
lease was given. Prior to the war, as early as
18-15, when the Southern liaptist Convention was
formed, the E Street church, at the suggestion of
the pastor, voted that in missioiniry eollections all
who chose might desiginite their contributions,
while undesiginited fumls should be eijually ilivided
between the North ami the South. Dr. Samson
was associated with the boards of the Northern and
the Southern organizations, and was a trustee of
the Southern 'fheological Seminary at Greenville.
Prior and up to the opening of the war, the most
extreme political parti.sans met at the comnninion
table in hi.s church. During the war he was ]ior-
mitted by I'resident Lincoln ami his cabinet, aiul
especially by the Secretaries of State and of War,
and by the Postmaster-! Jener.tl, to keep alive all
possible religious and missioiniry exchanges between
the North and the South. At the close of the war
everything connected with the college needed im-
provement. W. W. Corcoran, LL.D., since a most
inunilicent dinnjr, gave a building for the medical
department ; a law-school of nnirked etlieiency was
organized, and a building jiurchased and litted lor
the purpose, and made to pay for itself; the college
building improved, a new preparatory school 1 uilt,
and a theological de|]artment organized foi' )wung
men, white and colored, temporarily residing in

AVasliington. The increasing labors and Ciircs of
President Samson led him, in 1871, to resign, after
twelve years' arduous service as president, and
twenty-five as a trustee, in order to accept the pres-
idency of Rutgers Female College, New York City.
In 1873 he accepted the pastorate of the First Bap-
tist church, Ilai-leni, now M(uint Morris liaptist
church, New Y<irk, though retainiiig his connection
with liutgers College as president np to 1875, ami
as lecturer on art up to the present time. Dr.
Samson has, notwithstanding his arduous labors,
written much. In addition to the writings already
mentioned, he published, in LStJO, '' Flenu>nts of
Art Criticism," and in 18118 an abridged edition of
the same ; numerous suuiU treatises and articles in
weeklies, monthlies, and quarterlies, especially on
the subjects of " Evidution" and the '"Future
State." A small volume on the " Atonement His-
torically Considered" has Just been published, and
a treatise on '■ A\'iiie in Religious Uses" has 'been
jirepared by him at the recpiest of two Conventions.
No liaptist clergyman in the country is perhaps
better known throughout the denomination than
Dr. Samson.

Sanctification. — Sanctification [iyiaafiu;) is sep-
aration from the world, purity of heart and life,
holiness.

The inspired truth of God is the instrument by
whi<'h the soul is sanctified, and the Spirit of God
is the author of that blessed work.

It commences in the .soul when the Comforter
gives a now heart, and when he imparts that faith
in Jesus which enables the believer to shake off
the allureinents and power of sin.

Its nature is often misunderstood by Christiana.
In the unconverted man there is but one bent, one
inclination, and it always points to some form of
sellishness or sin. He forgets God, or only thinks
of him to resist him. And though his conscience
may occasionally remonstrate with him, yet he has
but one purpose in life. The Christian has two
disposiliuns : the controlling one is governed by
love to Christ and hatred of sin ; the inferior ono
is composed of the renmins of his corrupt tnitnre,
ami it is full of hatred to Jesus and a holy life.
These opposite incliimtions are found in some
measure in every regenci-ated member of Christ's
family, from the most [lerfect disciple, ready fur
heaven, to the must defective bcdiover. just born of
the Spirit. There never was a. true believer on
earth entirely free from the abiding evil of which
Paul apeaks in Romans vii. 'I'i : '' But 1 see an-
other law in my members, warring against the law
of my mind, and bringing me into ca|jlivity to the
law of sin wiiich is in my meuibers." This law
of sin needs continual watching, and it nee<ls re-
sistless grace ; and it only perishes in a cliihl of
God when death destroys the life of the body.

1 1 '..' I ..1 .III I:
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SANCTIFICATloy

in2r.

SANDICIIS

Sanctiticatiuii, ul'tL'i' it is cOMiiiieiiL'cd by tlie new
biitli iiml a lii'JJi ri'liaiici: iipun (jlivist, cmisists in
a cuiistarit ;;ruwtli in faitli ajul in love to Cliiist ;
these duvelopnients of tlie reliiiiuus lile impose iii-
oi'easoil resli'aints npciii oiir evil t(^nileneies, ami
j;ive aililitional power to oiii' earnest and IVeqiient
prayers liir ;;rai'e to overeonie fcvery I'oe ui' Jesus
Avitliin and around (is.

We should aiin at eoinplele consecration to 0(jd.
'Pile Saviour says, '' ISe ye perfect even as your
I'ather who is in heaxen is perfect;" that is, "Be
fully developeil (Ti'Mim) or couipleto (in the graces
of the Spii'it) as 3uur Father who is in heaven is
complete (in all tiic f^rand altrihutes of his being)."
I'aul says, " I beseech you therefore, brethren, by
the mercies of (icid, that ye present your bodies a
living sacrilice, holy, acceptable unto (jloj, which
is your reasonable service." When any creature
was given to a Jewish priest to be oll'ered up to
Ood'in sacrilice, nothing was retained liy the wor-
shiper, not even a portion of the hair or of the wool.
A Jewish altar must be built not of hewn, but of
wdiole stones (Joshua yiii.31) ; the priest must not
be deformed or injure(i : he must be a perfect |ihvs-
ical man ; and the sacrilice must be without blem-
ish, and must l)e given whole to the priest. An<l
we are re(piired to present our bodies a livint/ sac-
rijice, an enduring and complete olfering to (Jod.

Sanctilication is a pru</rc.isire work. I'aul says,
"Leaving the pjrinciples (rudiments) of the doc-
trine of Christj, let us go on unto perfection ;" that
is, unto the full development of ('hri.^tian grac(-'s.
An intelligent patrint, in a time of war, enlists;
Imt though he loves his e.iuntrj', and has a strong
body and a vigorous miml, he needs drilling to
make him useful. Five thousand veterans could
chase one hundred thousand warri(irs of his order.
liut let him be drilled for si.t months, and pass
through two or three, battles, and he is litted for
juiything which the ctporieuced and lirave patriot
can achieve. So the believer, as ho journeys along
the narrow way, learns more every day of the ciin-
iiing and perseverance of sin, and of the power of
grace to I'esist it; and while he nuiy never be frei'd
from the attacks of the tempter, lujr from his in-
ternal weaknesses, till deatli, yet he may beconu;
a powerful veteran in watching, lighting, and
routing sin ; and he may become strong in the
Lord and in the power of his might, so that sin
shall never have dominion over him.

A holy heart and life i/ivc l/ie richest pleasure.
AV'heu the believer falls ho prepares for the most
miserable doubts, and for bitter repentance. Soon
he will be crying, '' Has (iod forgotten to be gra-
cious?" "Cast me not away from thy pri'sence
and take not thy Holy Spirit from me." " Kestore
unto me the joy.s of thy salvation and U].liMld me
with thy free Spirit." And, besides, the chastis-

ing hand of (Iod may fall heavily upon him, and
his, to make him ren(uiiu:e sin. Hut if he is only
faithful to Jesus, grace lujual to every trial will be
given him ; .lesus will walk with him in every
furn;ice of atllietinn, and gi\e him j(]y when the
most acute anguish shall scourge others. .So Paul
was blessed in his sorrows, and as a result, he says,
" We glory in tribulations also;" and so the martyrs
have been favored us their b(jdies were subjected to
the worst wo(!s that human cunning could invent;
the Saviour filled them with his love, and they had
ovi'rflowing ]deasnres in their agonies.

Holiness of heart pleases God. The sin of the
angels drove them from heaven. The guilt of our
first parents expelled them from Paradise. The
sinful pride of IMoses, when he smote the rock for
water, shut him out of the earthly Canaan. We
should folhivv after holiness, without whi(di no man
shall see the Lcjrd, and without wdiich our prayers
will not be heard, for David says, ." If I regard in-
iipiity in my heart the Lord will not hear me."

It gives the world the nolilest lesliiiKini/ to tlie
jHitcer of Christ. A cnmnuinity of holy persons
attracts the attentinu of all around them. Their
jiurity of life and love to Jesus become proverbial,
and with tlie greatest eloquence and success they
jireach the Cross of Jesus, even when they do not
utti'r a word. In this way they ke.qi the Saviour's
words, " Let your light so shine before men that
they may .see your good Avorks. and glorify j'our
Father who is in heaven."

Sanders, Rev. B. M., was born in Columbia
Co,, Cla., Dec. 2, 178'J, and was left an orphan at
an early age. Previous to his entrance upon college
life in the State University at Athens, in 180G, he
studi'ed in Kiokce Seminary, under good instructors.
Leaving Athens, he etiti.'red the South Carolina
College, at Columbia,S. (.'., April 4, DSOS, and was
graduated Dec. 4, 180'.). His education was thus
far above the generality of the young men of
Georgia in that day. lleturuing ti) his native
State, he taught in the Columbia County Academy
two years, anil then engaged most successfully in
the occupation of i'ai-ming for many years. Mr.
Sanders united with Kiok<!e church in 1810, and
was baptized by Abrtim Marshall, lie was licensed
to ])reach by Union church, ^V'al■rerl Co., in 1823,
at which church he was ordained in 1825, after n
call by the ^ViHiams Creek church, the Presbytery
being composed of Jesse Mercer, Malachi Itecves,
Joseph llolierts, John H. Walker, J. P. Marshall,
and Flisha Piu-ryman. In 18:12 he^ reinovoil to
Penlield to take charge of Mercer Institute, the
manual labor school established by the (ieorgia
Baptist Convention in -lanuary, l.S.i.'l. Under his
energetic and wise administration the institute
pros)iered greatly. Dr. J. II. Campbell, in his
volume entitled "Georgia Baptists," says of Mr.

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SANDERS

1027

SANFORl)

Sanders, " Ifo \v:is nut nicn'ly tlic general siiper-
intoiiilcMt (if tlie seminary, liiit lie was teacher,
stcwaril, and farnu'i'. He liaJ aeeonnts to keep,
biulilinj;;s to erect, lands to clear, fence, and enlti-
vate, financial plans to evolve, discipline to ad-
minister, studies to review, an extensive corre-
spondence tii keep up, besides preaeliinii; to the
churches around, and attending to his own private
and agricultural interi'sls. lie proved himself to
he the very man for the position, and in all his
various duties he sustained himself most success-
fully, (lod smiled upon his endeavors, public favor
was conciliated for the institution, the number of
students increased, peeuniary aid flowed in, and
precious revivals of religion were cnjo^aHl from
year to year. When the institute was elevated to
the rank of a college, Mr. Sarnlcrs was elected its
first president, which position he accepted only on
the condition that the trustees would |iroeuro a
successor al their earliest opportunity. A .vuc-
- oessor having been obtained, he n'sigued at the
close of 1.S39, having conducted the institution
successfully through the first seven years of its ex-
istence. Though no longer the |ircr.idi'nt, he con-
tinued, in other rclalious, his untiring ell'orts for
its prosperity, lie was about five years its treas-
urer, without compensation ; and he was a mendier
of the board of trustees, and secretary of that board
up to the time of his decease, lie did more to es-
tablish the university than any other individual.''
With all these'duties he did not diininish, but
rather increased his ministerial labors, [ireaching
to various ehui'cbes. " For more than a quarter
of a century he was a burning and a shining light
in theOeorgia Association, was its clerk for several
years, and lor nine years its moderator. For many
years he was in(jie fully identified with all the im-
portant measures of the Georgia Haptist Conven-
tion, at least as far as their practical execution
was concerned, than any other man in the State."
]'"or six years he was its |)resid(!nt, and for a series
of years was chairman of its Executive (Committee.
For a time he was editor of the C krisliaii fndex,
and generally attended the old Triennial Conven-
tion, and the Southern Baptist Convention, as a
delegate. Decision of characlor, punctuality, in-
domitable energy, and great moral courage were his
distinguishing cliaraeteristies. During hi.s whole
Christian life he seemed to nnike but one ecuitri-
bution to the cause of hunum happiness, and that
was — hhmself. He will long be held in honor for
the distinguished part he took in building up
the Uaptist denomination in Georgia; and by the
hundreds of young men whom he guided so faith-
fully and successfully in the paths of educittion and
religion, his memory is cherished with the bi'jlicst
esteem, lie dcjiartcd this life, after a lingi'iing
illness, which he endured with cheerful resigna-

tion, on the l'2th of iMarch, KS.")i;, and his remains
very approi)riately repose in the grave-yard at
PeuHeld.
Sanders, Rev. Henry Martin, pastor of the

Warburt'jn Avenue liaptist church, Yonkers, N. Y.,
was born in New York t'ity, Nov. LiLl, 1S4'J. His
fatlier is the author of the well-known series of
school books of that name, lie receivcil a thorough
common-school education in the public schools of
New Y'ork City; preptired for college in Homer,
X. Y. ; entered Y'ale College in l.S(J8, and grailu-
ated in 1872. "While in college Mr. Sanders was
successful in taking several prizes in composition
and oratory. After graduation, feeling it his duty
to enter the ministry, he gave a year to wide read-
ing and stiuly, entt'red the Union I'heological Scmi-
iniry, of New Y'ork t'ity, in 1873, and graduated in
1870. ^Vhile in the seminary he received a call to
the church of which he is at |U'esent pastor, and in
September, 1870, was ordained to the gospel min-
istry at that cliuich. For so young a man Mr.
Sanders has a wide reputation a> an orator and
scholar, and is destined to wield it great jjower
among (Jhristi;ins (jf cvia'y name.

Sanderson, Deacon Daniel, was born in

llindge, N. 11., in 17'.'8. lie was left an orphan
in his childhood, and was obliged to work his wa}',
by his own energies, through the world. Having
been baptized by lu^v. Charles Train, lie united
with the Baptist church in Weston, Mass. He was
one of the constituent members of wdiat are now
the Hourishing churches in lirookline and Jamaica
I'lain, Mass. Kemoving from the latter to the
former place, he was made a deacon of the church,
and for seventeen years was one of its most ac-
tive and useful members. For many years he was
on the board of the Jlassachusetts Baptist Con-
vention, and for two years was it.s president. He
was also for several years one of the trustees of the
Newton Theological Institution, and a member of
the executive committee of the American Baptist
Missionary Union. In all these relations Deacon
Sanderson performed good service for his Master.
IledieilJuly 20, ISOIi.

Sanford, Vincent. — 'I'his truly excellent and
godly man was born in Loudon Co., Va., in April,
1777 ; when about twenty-six years old he was con-
verted, and joined the Ketockton ehurcli, in his
native State. In the fall of 1810 he removed to
Georgia and settliMl in the town of Oreensborougli,
wdiero for some time he engaged in merchandising.
At that time he was a nicmlx'r of the .Shibih church,
seven miles distant, thiire being no Ibiptist church
in Greensborough t but in 1821 a Baptist church
was constituted in that ]ilacc^, largely through his
influence, in which church he remained until his
death. He was elected clerk of the Inferior Court
in 1829, and soon after, clerk of the Superior C.ourt,

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SANFOUD

lOliS

SAN FRANCISCO

whioli position lie retained ))y successive eloctiotis
as long as he lived.

In many respects Vincent S.-inlord was a remark-
able man, hoin^ noted cliiclly IVir liis purity of
character ; and perhaps no public man ever iiad
move friends or fewer enemies. '• Uncle Vincent,"
as he was familiarly called, was a general favorite.
To sinj^ular piety he united I'xtrcnie and nnpre-
tending modesty, lie loved to pray, and bo loved
the bouse of prayer; and the longer he lived the
nearer to (itid did be ap]iroa(di. AVithaclear in-
tellect and a still clearer hope, he died May 27,
1S50, in the eiglity-tbird year of his aye. lie was
one of the many remarkable layuion of Georgia
whose godly iidluenoe diil much to give tone and
charactf'r t(j the denomination in tlii^ State.

Sanford, Rev. J. W., a gifted young preacher
in Mississippi, was Imrn in Uipley (Ici., iMiss., in
1S4S. jVfter ihoi-ough jireparation in Hi|)l(^y Male
Academy, be entiaed .Mississippi U(dlege in 1S70.
llis remarkable gifts as an orator scion attracted
attention, and In; was Ircciuently called upon to
deliver puhlic addresses. He united with the
(diiircb in ISlili, and was at once li(;enscd to preacli.
While in college be sup|)lii'd several (diur<dies in
the vicinity of C'lintun, and alter bis graduation, in
1875, he became pastor at l.'orintb, Miss., in con-
nection with Baldsvyn in the same State. l>ut,
after a brief and brilliant career, be fell a victim
to c(insnni|ition in 1877.

Sanford, Miles, D.D., was born in Connecticut,
and pr(;acbed for a time in the Methodist denomi-
nation, but changing his views, be Ijecame ]iastor
of the First Baptist church in Chicago, then editor
in Detroit. He afterwards returned to Massachu-
setts, and labored in the pastoral oliiee at Boston,
Gloucester, and North Adams, and during this lat-
ter pastorate be also served as chaplain in the
army. Following this he served the American Bi-
ble Union as. financial secretary, and after retiring
from this position he acceptiul the |iasloral charge
of the First cliurcb of Salem, N. J., where be la-
bored for about two years. During this period ho
was a member of the board of trustees of the South
Jersey Institute. lie had fine talents and high
culture, was an able preacher and an eflieient pas-
tor, ami he was loved and honored by all who knew
him. He died at Salem, N. J., while pastor of the
First church, Oct. 31, 1874.

Sanford, Prof S. P., LL.D., a professor in Mer-
cer University, at Macon, Ga., a son of Vincent San-
ford, was born in Grconaborougb, Ga., Jan. 2.'), 1816.
Ills parents were natives of London Co., Va. In
1810 they moved to Georgia and settled in Greens-
borough. Ilis grandfather, Jeremiah Sanford, was
aneigbborand intimate friend of George AVa-hing-
ton, under whom ho served at the siege of \ .rk-
town, witnessing the surrender of Lord Cornwallis.

Prof. Sanfjrd took a full course in the State
University, graduating in 1838, sharing the first
honor with Hope Hull, Isaiah Irwin, and 15. M.
Palmer. ^Vbi!e the languages and mathematics
were bis favorite studies, be acquired a particular
fondness for matlicniatics under the tuition of
Prof. C. F. McCay. Three nnrnths before his
graduation be was elected tutor in Mercer Uni-
versity, in which institution ho has been an in-
structor since August, 1838. Ho was elected Pro-
fessor of Mathematics in 1840, a ))Osition bo still
holds. As an educator in his particular dejiart-
ment, he probably has no superior in the coun-
try. Besides instructing, he has made bis mathe-
matical knowledge generally serviceable by the
publication of a series of arithmetics, which have
a very extended cireulati(ui, both North and South.
He has lately pulilislo'd also an elementary alge-
bra for schools and academies, wliiidi has already
secured a wide circulation.

Prof. Sanfiu'd is eiua'getic an<l elastic in both
mind and body. Good-natured, even-tempered, vi-
vacious, and cheerful, he is popular with students,
whose attention during recitation be never fails to
arrest and hold. For more than forty years he
has been either a Sunday-school superintendent or
teacher, and much of that time, also, a faithful
and useful deacon. The degree of LL.D. was con-
ferred upon him by INIercer Universitj'. Outside
of his particular department be is an aecomplisbed
scholar, and has, during more than one intcrrcy-
nuiit, odiciated as president of the university.

San Francisco, CaL — The First Baptist church
of San Francisco is the mother of 120 churches
in the State. It was organized July 0, 1849, with
six members. It was the first Protestant church

FIRST UAl'TlST CHURCH, K.\N IK.V.NflSCO.

edifice erected in California. In size it was .30
by. 50 feet, built of rough joists and sides, roofed
with ship's sails, walls and ceilings of cotton-clotb,
and cost, with the ground, IffiOOO. In this Iniilil-
ing the first public school of San Francisco was
held. The church has rebuilt or enlarged its

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,SM .V FRA NO r SCO

]029

SAU QUA LA

houses of worsliip foiii- tiiiifts, and now oooupies a
bcuutiful edifice in tlio heart of the city. There
are now five IJaptist eiiurohos, two missions, and a
Oliiiiese mission in the city. Tlie nnnibcr of 15:1])-
tists is l.ilO. (See article Metroi'Omtan Temim.k.)

San Francisco, Metropolitan Temple of, is
oeen|)icd liy the I\letro|)olitan c)iureh,-tlie i-csuit of
a union in 187') of tlie .Sec(nid and the 'I'ahernacle
ohiirclies. In five years tlie niiiiiber of nieuiliois
increased from 231 to 563. The temple was com-
pleted in 1877, at a cost, including the lots (75
by 100 feet), of $200,000. It is mainly the bene-
faction of Deacon Isaac Lankcrshini as a free place
of worship. The main auditorium, amphitheatre
iu form, beautifully finished and furnished, ac-
commodates 3000 hearers; lecture-room and par-
lors, 1000 persons. It has eleven other rooms,
for pastor, libraries, classes, etc., and two large
stores. The church meets all expenses of free
public worship, llents of stores, and the hall for
concerts and lectures, are used as a sinking fund
to pay for the Ijuilding, in the expectation that
all will be eventually paid, when the property
will be a perpetual source of revenue for mission
])urposes. The vSunday evening services are al-
ways largely attended ; the nujrning congrega-
tions are from fiOO to 1000. This church is now
the largest Baptist church, and its congregation
the largest Protestant one on the Pacific coast.
(See article Lankeusiiim.)

Sarles, John Wesley, D.D., was bom in Bed-
ford, N. Y., June 2(j, 1817; bi;camo a member of
the Oliver Street church. New York ; was baptized
by Dr. Cone, April 5, 1835. He pursued the full
eight years' course at Hamilton, graduating in
lS-17. lie became pastor of the newly-formed
Central church, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and remained
there for thii'ty-two years, enjoying an unusually
successful pastorate. It was supposed that he was
too firmly rooted to be moved, but the old church
at Piscataway, N. J., gave him a hearty call, and
in 1879 he accepted it. His talents and Jiiety are
well adapted to the important position which he is
called to fill. In 1800 Madison University gave
him the degree of D.D. He has by request per-
mitted several able sermons to be published, and
his memorial of his excellent wife iuis been widely
circulated. Dr. Sarles is one of the purest and
best ministers in the Baptist denomination.

Saunders, Rev. Edward Manning', A.M., was

born Dec. 2(1, 1820, in Aylesford, Nova Scotia;
tangiit in Milton Academy, Queen's Co., Nova Sco-
tia; entered Acadia College in 1854; graduated
there in June, 1858 ; ordained pastor of the Baptist
cliurch in Berwick, Nova Scotia, Deo. 15, 185S ;
sujjscqucntly stu<iied theology at Newton ; becanu'
pastor, in 1807, of the Baptist ciiurcii, Griiii\ ille
Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, where he still minis-

ters. Mr. Saunders is a sound theologian and an
able preacher.

Sau Q,uala is a S'gan Karon, and was among
the earlier converts from that interesting people.
lOmincntly successful as ho was in the conunencc-
mcnt of his Christian life as a preacher of the gos]jel,
the missionaries thought him to be a most suitable
person to lie ordained to the work of the Christian
ministry in 184i), and he soon came to be regarded
as the leading Karen minister in the Tavoy Mis-
sion. At a meeting of an Association of Karen
churches, held at Mata for several days in Jan-
uary, 1851, we find that " tlie ann\nil sermon, a
pertinent and practical discourse, was preached by
Sau Qiiala at the opening." The report of the Ex-
ecutive Committee lor 1852 alludes to a remark of
one of the Tavoy missionaries, who is speaking,
without doubt, of Sau l^uala, as " a good man in
whom people repose unliounded conlidence. They
fear tiiey can do nothing without him." For some
time lu' was pastor of the church at Pyeekhya.
The true missionary spirit was in Sau (^uala, and
he yielded to the strong desire he felt to reach his
countrymen in other parts of Burmah. AVhen Ilr.
Mason commenced the mission at Tuungoo, being
obliged on account of ill health to be aljsent for a
time, the whole responsibility of conducting the
mission devolved on Sau (Juala and his native as-
sistants. Dr. Mason had great conlidence in him.
He had been his teacher in Karen, and had ren-
dered him aid in translating the Scriptures. He
commenced his work at Toiingoo with apostolic
zeal, nmking tours into the adjacent country, and
preaching, in connection with his assistants, so
effectually that at the end of their first year's laliors
there were 12 preachers, 14 churclies, and741 mem-
bers, besides hundreds who had asked to be bap-
tized but had been advised to wait for a season.
The tribes of Karens among whom he labored were
a nation of drunkards and gamblers, exceedingly
quarrelsome and vindictive. After five years of
evangelical labor with these savage tribes, as the
result of the missionary work which had been
done, there was a Christianized ))opulation of
26,000 souls, of whom nearly 4000 were members
of churehes. Year after year we find the name of
Sau (Juala among tlie list of native (ircachers in the
Toungoo station, and we know he did good work in
the field of his labors. During all the troubles
which wrought such havoc with the Karen Chris-
tians in the Tavoy station, in connection with the
eccentric movements of Mrs. Mason, ho was not
seduced from his allegiance to the cause he so mnch|
loved. Said Dr. Warren in his appeal to the Karen
Christians, " Sau Quala staiuls linnly ; follow him."
Mr. Cross says of him, " C^uala's character appears
grandly in the fires of this furnace." Among
Mr. Bunker's "First Impressions" we find the fol-

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.SAl'AGJ'J

i();;o

SAWTICLLE

lowing: " The good old Qiialii is lici'e. AVeru tlicru
no otiicr I'niit save (^u:ila lor a lil'ty years' .sovvinj;,
missions would bo a {glorious success, lie is a
iiionunicnt of grace, and a bright example of Gods
love and the elevating inQuence of the gospel.'' In
September, 1S78, Mr. Curpeuter, in giving an ac-
count of the jujjilce to coiiimeiiioratQ the conversion
of Ko-Thah-liyii, writes, " 'J'he aged (inahi had
))Oen invited, but sull'ering as ho is from partial
paralysis, he was nnaljh; to come so far. He wrote
a long letter, iiowever, telling what ho knew of
Ko-Thah-]5yu and the early work in Tavoy, which
was read to the congregation at this sciison."

Savage, Rev. Eleazer, was born in Middle-
town, Conn., July li8, ISUO ; entered Hamilton in
1820; was ordained in Uoehester in IS'Ji ; was
pastor in several other coinmunitics in New York,
in which he ba|ilized nun-e than 400 souls ; pub-
lished a valualile work on Church l)isei|iline. Mr.
Savage was a very useful minister, and an honored
and faithful servant of Jesus; one of his daughters
is the wife of the able president of the Uoehester
Theological Seminary.

Savage, Rev. R. R., was liom in Nansemond
Co., V'a., in ISofi. Jlo was fitted for college at
Ueynoldson Institute, N. C, and graduated at Wake
Forest Collegi! in IS5S. He laborccl for some time
in Halifax Co., \'a., but for many years inis been
one of the wise and influential men who have
guided the counsels of the Chowan, the largest Asso-
ciation in North Carolina, lie is a trustee of Wake
Forest College, and also of the Chowan Female In-
stitute, lie is a nnin of great worth.

Savannah, The Baptist Church of.— In 1794

the lew liiiptists who were in .Savannah, (!a., pro-
posed the erection of a house of worshi|i. The fol-
lowing year, by the asNistauce of general contri-
butions from ditferent denominations, a house 50 by
60 feet was erected on Franklin Square, under the
superintendence of Ebenezer Hills, John Jlillen,
Thomas Polhill, John Hamilton, Thomas Harrison,
and Joiin II. Kobards as trustees. There seems to
have been some sort of church oiganization in
17'.'''), as in that year the city conveyed a lot, to the
church, the petition for which was drawn by
Robert Bolton. The house, in an unfmishi'd state;,
was rented to the Presbyterians, who had lost their
church edilice by lire. Tluiy completed it, and occu-
jiied it three years. In 179'.', while the house was
still under lease to the Presbyterians, Ilev. Henry
Iloleombe, of IJeaufort, S. C, was chosen jiastor
of the congregation, then consisting of difl'erent
denominations. His salary was :?20()0 per annum.
The house of worship was dedicated by the Bap-
tists on the 17th of April, 1800, and on the 2(Jth
of November in the same year tiie chnrcli was
fully organized and constituted, the meiiilRiship
then oonsisting of fourteen [jersons.

The charter of incorporation was drawn by John
McPherson Berrien, and was signed by Gov.
Joslah Tatnall, in the year 18(Jl. I'r. Henry llol-
ccunbe was called to the pastorate of the new church
on the 2oth of January, 1802, and he accepted the
invitation on the 24th of March of the same year.
The church worshi|ied on Franklin Sipnire till
1SIJ3, and then removed to the building (ju Chip-
pewa Square. In 1S3'J the edilice was enlarged,
during the pastorate of Kev. J. G. Binney. The
improvenH:;nts cost about $40,000. The church
still worships in this house.

Pastors of the First church from 1800 to 1847:
Henry Iloleombe, D.ll., Win. B. Johnson, lJ.lt.,
Uenjamin Screven, James Sweat, Thomas I'Mereilith,
Henry 0. Wyer, Josiab S. Law, Clias. B. Junes,
J. G. Binney, Henry 0. Wyer, Albert AVilliams.

On the 4tli of February, 1847, the church divided,
Ilev. Albert Williams pastor, after which the two
branches were known ;ls the First ;ind Second Bap-
tist churches, though the first neviu- changed its
name. The Second Ba|itist church dissolved on
the (ith of February, 1859, and reunited with the
old church, and invested its im[irovements on the
church building and in the purchase of the ]jastor's
home.

The pastors of the First church from 1847 to
1859 were Albert Williams, Joseph T. Kohert,
Thomas Bambaut, J. B. Stiteler, and S. G. l>;uiiel.
Of the Second church, the |iastors for the same
time were Henry 0. Wyer, J. P. Tustin, Henry O.
Wyer, and M. Winston.

After the reunion the church called Kev. Syl-
vaiHis Landrum, of Macon, Ga., in November, 1859,
and in the December following he settled with the
church as piistor. His first past(jrate terminated
Oct. 1, 1871. From that time until May 1, 1S79,
Timothy Ihirley was p;istor. 'I'he second pastorate
of Ur. Landrum began Scjit. 1, 1879, and he still
occupies the position.

'I'he deacons now acting are Wm. II. Stark, John
B. Howard, Charles W. West, Robert N. Reed,
David B. Morgan, and Wm. 0. Van Vorst. The
metubership is about 500. The church has adopted
the New Hampshire Confession of Faith and the
covenant attached to it.

Sawtelle, Henry Allen, D.D., was horn in Sid-
ney, Me., Dec. 1 I , lN.:i-J. Until In; was sixteen years
of iige he lived on a farm. He then fitted for col-
lege at Waterville, under the tuition of J. II. II;in-
son, LL.D. He entercnl what is now (!ulby Uni-
versity in 1850, and griiduntcd with the honors <if
his class in 1,S.')4. Immediately on graduating he
was appointed tutor iu his alma maUr, and iield
the o/Tice for one year, at the end of which he en-
tered the Newlon Theologiciil Institution, and
graduated in regular course in 1858. Soon after
leaving Newton he w;is ordained and became iias-

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SA WYKIt

1031

SA WYKU

tor of tlie clmrcli in liiiiiL'rick, Me. lIi; I'ciiiniiied
liero liiit one your when, having; received au ap-
pointiiieiit IVoiri tli(! Missionary Union, he resigned
the pastorate of tlie Linu'rirk cliurch, and sailed
for the field of his destination in Cliina, Oct. 5,
ISo'J, and joined tlie mission ainonj; the Tie Chin,
estahlislied near Swatow. Here he remained until
severe illness eonipellcd hiiri t(j resign his position
in the fall of l.Stil. In 1862 ho became the pastor
of the Second Baptist cliurch in .San Francisco,
and in this and tlie Union Stinaro Ba|itist clinrch
of the same city he performed a eontinnons yias-
toral service of fourteen and a half years. \\'hile
living in San Francisco, besides performing his
ministerial duties, ho edited the Kriiiitjcl for three
years jointly with Kcv. 1). 15. Cheney, D.D., and
edited and piiblisln^d the Spiire Hour for the same
length of time. At the termination of his minis-
try in San Francisco, llr. Sawtellc returned to his
Eastern home with the highest testimonials of his
ability and success as a minister of Christ. In
1877 he accepted a call to become the jiastor of the
Cary Avenue church in Chelsea, which position he
now hidds.

Dr. Sawtelle ha.s made diligent use of his pen
during his ministerial life, liesides the numemus
articles he published while he was editing the
EiHimjd and the Spare Hour, he issued a volume
entitled " 'I'liings to 'I'liiuk of," a valuable work
in theology and literatun;. While pursuing his
studies at Newton,, at the suggestion of Prof.
Ilackett lie pri'pared and published in the Chris-
tian Itcvino an extended article on the " Straussian
Theory." He has also been an occasional con-
tributor to the Bibliiitlieca Sacra and the Jlaplisl
Quarterly, and is one of the writers of the new
(Commentary on the New Testament to be pub-
lished under the supervision of Dr. Ilovcy, by the
American Ilaptist I'uldication Society.

The honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was
conferreil upon Dr. Sawtelle by Hillsdale College,
Mich., in 1S74.

Sawyer, Artemus W., D.D., was born in West

Hanover, Vt., and graduated at llartmoutli College
in the class of 1847. He pursued hi.s theological
studies at Newton, graduating in the class of ISoii.
He was ordained in December, IS.'iii. For six years
lie was professor in Acadia College, — I855-G1 ;
pastor of the Baptist church in Saratoga, N. Y.,
three years, — 1,S61-G4. ]»r. Sawyer retiri^d from
the active duties of the pastorate in 1864, and be-
came principal of the New Loudon Literary and
Seicntilic, Institution, which ))Osition he held for
live years, — (roiii 1804 to I8(>'.l, — when he was ap-
pointed jircsident of ^Vcadia College. He reecivcil
the <legree of Doctor of Divinity from Colby Uni-
versity in 18C7. He is one of the most useful men
in the Maritime I'rovincea.

ARTEMUS W. SAWVElt, D.D.

Sawyer, Conant, D.D., was bom in Monkton,
Vt., .May 2;i, 18(1.') ; converted and baptized in early
life; graduated at Hamilton in I82(i ; ordained in
1829 in Keesville, N. Y. ; was settled as pastor in
Jay, Schenectady, Lowville, Canton, Cilo\ ersville,
and Bedford, N. Y., and in Uamh.lpli, Mass. Large
gatherings of souls have followed his ministry. In
18G'J he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity.
His present field of labor is Albion, N. Y.

Sawyer, Rev. E. H., D.D., was liom in Mil-
ford, Oakland Co., .Mich., Dec. 18, 1843. Professed
religion when sixteen years of age, and was bap-
tized by the llcv. John Boothe. He was mainly
eilucated at Kalamazoo, Mich. : graduated at La
Grange College, Mo., in 1870, and from the Baptist
Union Theological Seminary of Chicago in 1873.
He was pastor of the Baiitisl church in Kirkwood,
Mo., and he is now pastor at Macon ('ity. Mr.
Sawyer received the honorary degr<!e of Doctor id"
Divinity from La Grange C!offcge in 187'.). He has
just been apjiointed vice-president of La Grange
College. He is a man of culture and talent, and
he enjoys the confidence of all who know him.

Sawyer, Rev. Isaac, was bom in Hoosick.
N. Y., No\. 22, 177t), and was left an orphan at the
age of fourteen. In 178(Wn' ri'iiioved to Monkton,
\t. The whole country ln-ing little luster than ik
wilderness, he devoted liimself t(j the toils of a
pioneer's life. Hero the young man lived until
he was twenty-one years of age. In 1703 he
was hopefully converted. All his relatives were
Congregationalists, and he himself had been

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SA.YTO]^

1032

SCAMMON

sprinkU'J in iiinmcy. lie \v;is not satisiied, how-
ever, with receiviii;; a ti'iulitiuiiiil faith, inij lU'tur
examining tlie subject became a ilei^idoJ J5aptist,
and nniteJ witli ten otheva in the funuation ot a
Baptist church, of which, althougli the younj^ost
memljor, he was made tlic deacon. In IT'.'T the
cliiircii of whieli lie was a nieiiibor urged iiim to
enter the Oliristian ministry. He lieard, as he Ipc-
lieved, liesides tlic call of the church, that liiglier
call of the Siiirit of God, upon which our Baptist
fathers laid so much stress, aiul he would not resist
that call. His ordination occurred June 20, 1799,
and he remained the pastor of theeliurch in Jlonk-
ton for thirteen years. In addition to his liome
work, he performed, as was the custom of the min-
isters of his day, no snudl amount of missionary
labor, and we are told that •' many of the large and
ilourishing churches in the northern counties of
New York were ;;atliere<l through his instrumen-
tality. He was genertilly sent out by the Associa-
tion to which he belonged, and was absent from
home six or eight weeks at a time. He was accus-
tomed as long as he lived to ix'vert with great sat-
i.sfaetion to these missionary labors as having been
among the most pleasant and successful of his
whole ministry."

Mr. Sawyer's pastorate at» Monkton closed in
1812. Having passed a year in Fairfield, he spent
the next four years at Orwell, and was greatly
prospered in his ministry there. In 1818 he be-
came jiastor of [he church in Bramlon, and re-
mained here for seven years, when he removed to
Bethel, sup|ilying the church in that place and
.acting for a part of the; time as an agi^nt of the
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution.
His next settlement was in Westport, N. Y., where
during his pastorate of six years he ba))tized 150
persons. On leaving '\Vest|iort he preached in sev-
eral places, being l)ut a short time in any one of
them. His death occurred Sept. 30, 1S47. Up-
ward? of 1 100 persons were baptized by Mr. Saw-
yer daring his ministry, and '■ anumg them a greater
number who becauuj ministers than have been
baptized by any other pastor in Vermont." Five
of his own sons became ministers of the gospel.
The name of a servant of Christ so active and so
useful deserves to be held in everlasting remem-
brance.

Saxton, J. B., D.D., was born in Northumber-
land l"o., I'a. ; baptized in Deeembi'r, 181)5, and was
soon after licensed by the Shamokin church. He
entered Madison Univer.sity, and gradimtcil with
honor in 181.'). DuriTig his college couise be spent
sixteen months at Somerville, N. J., organized a
church there, and built a house of worship. He
was Jiastor at Towanda, Pa., where he w;n ur-
dained, at Lancaster, supply to the Fourth climili,
riiiladelphia, and pastor at Ilightstown, N. .).,

until 18r)2. He went to California as home mis-
sionary, arriving at San Francisco Jan. 11, l80li.
He organized and was pastor of the churches at
Stockton three years, Oakland and Brooklyn four
years, llealdsburg seven years, luid has been pas-
tor at the seat of the college, at Vacaville, two
years, where he was [iresident of the college board
and librarian for the college ; has labored at Ked
Bluff, and is now pastor at (Jrand Island. He
is a strong preacher, a good moderator, having
jireaidod over tho San Francisco and other Asso-
ciations. He has done much mission work in Cal-
il'ornia, organizing many churches and building
houses of worship. In war times he collected
S12,000 in ai<l of the Sanitary Commission. For a
considerable time he edited the Esmeralda DuUij
Union, and served as superintendent of public
schools. He received the degree of D.I). iVom Cal-
ifornia College in 1878. Nearly 1000 |)ersons have
been converted under his ministry, 600 having been
baptized by himself. Few men in California have
done move hard work or been more successful than
I'r. .Saxton.

Scammon, Mrs. Eachel T., a native of Kebo-
both, Mass., married a Mr. Scammon, of Stratham,
N. H., about 1720. She was a decided ISajitist,
and cared nothing for the opjiosition of the Pedo-
baptists among whom her new home was located.
Backus says, " The country around her was so full
of prejudices against Baptist principles that in forty
years she could gain no nun-e than one person to
join with her therein, and that was a pious woman
in the neighborhood who traveled lil'ty-live miles to
Boston, and \vas baptized by Filder Bound."

Jlrs. Scammon bad such a desire to have others
enlightened, tliatha\ing obtained Norcott's " Plain
Discourse upon Baptism," she carried it to Boston
with a design to get it reprinted at her own cost,
but wlun she came to a printer about it he in-
formed her that be bad then 1 10 co|)ies of that book
on hand ; whereupon she purchased them all, and
came home and gave them away to her iiC([uaint-
anees and to any persons who would accept them ;
by which means they were scattered through tho
country and among poor peojde in new plantations.
She often said to her |iious neighbors that " she
was fully persuaded that a church of Christian
Baptists would be formed in Stratham, though she
might not live to see it. This came to pass soon
alter her death, and the like happened in other
places." (History of the Baptists, by Backus, ii.
Ui7-C9. Newton.)

Chiefly through one of .Mrs. Scaiamon'.s copies
of Norcott's work Dr. Samuel Shepard becaliu'
a Baptist aiul a Ba|itist minister, and Baptist
churches were formed in Stratham, Brentwood, and
Nottingham, of \\bich Dr. Sliefiar<l became thi;
(lastor; and he founded branch rhurehos in more

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SCANJJINA VIAN

1033

SCARFF

tlnm ;i dozi^ii |i1:ii'l'.s in tlie region iiround, and at
one time IkuI mure tliuii ii tliuii.s;ind eliuroh nieiii-
liers under his eai'r. "' Tlnis," as ISuckus Bays,
" ^Irs. .Scanjniun's Ijread, cast upon tlie water,
seems to Iulvo been found after many days, the
lioiil;s that she IVuely disjiensed hein;^ [jlelved n|i
and made uselnl to many. '

JIad xUrs. Seanimnn ln.'cn a weak woman she
would have saerilieed her 15a|itist i)rinei|iU!s and
joined some l'e(Uihaptist community. She no
douht regnhirly attended ii Con^^re^ational eliurch :
this was her numifest duty ; but .she always pro-
tested aj;ainst their infant baptism iu modest Ohri.s-
tian words, and by refusing; to unite with them.
And thinigh her ari;uments seemed to bear little
fruit, the book she; circulated was greatly blessed
of (iod. 'J'he iJaptist churcli of Allentown, I'a.,
was founded by a lady a member of the .Second Bap-
tist eluireh of Philadelphia, who for a time wor-
siiipod with the excellent l-'resbyt(n'iaiis of tluit
town. And as she felt that she could not and
ought not to saerilice her Baptist principles — iuu'
Saviour's teachings — for anything under heaven,
she enlisted aid and cummcnced a Hunday-sehool,
out of wliich grew a lluui-ishing church, from which
two little churches sprang and set up their banner
in J5ethleheni and Catasanqua. ^lany liaptist
wonn.'n have honored the Saviour in this way.

Scandinavian Baptists in the United States.
— In bSoli nine Swedish Baptists arrived in Amer-
ica. The tirst Swedish B.iptist church in this
country was formed in Hock Island, III., Aug. 13,
I.Sol;; it had Only three nnuiibers. In \6b') Swe-
dish cliurc;h(;s were organized at Houston and
Scandia, Minn. In LsSG the lirst iJanisli Baptist
churcli on this side of the Atlantic was established
at liaymond, Kaeine Co., Wis. In l.SoT a Swedish
church was gathered at (ialcsburg, HI. In Chicago
the first Swedi.-'li elniruh was loiinded Aug. I'J,
I8G0; it began with ob members, and it now num-
bers nearly Z(M. A little before ISlJG the tirst
Danish church was constituted iu the same city.
Small churches have gradually sprung up in all
the Slates in wliich a Scandinavian population
e.\ists.

In .Minnesota a vigorous .State Conference was
early lormed, one in llliinns lijllowed, then one
each in Eastern Iowa, in Nebraska, in AVestern
Iowa, and in Dakota, and preliminary steps have
been taken for a similar organization in Kansas.
'I'wo years since a (Jeneral Convention of all the
Swedish Baptists in America was established. The
Danish and Norwegian Baptists have a similar iu-
sticution.

In liSTl, Uev. Dr. J. A. F.dgren eoinmeneed the

publication of a nnuilhly Swedish Baptist paper.

About the same time Dr. Edgrcn began a course ..f

instruction for Scandinavian ministers, in eonnec-

(SO

tion with tlio Baptist 'IMieological Seminary of Chi-
cago, as its Scandinavian department. Trom this
seliool twenty-nine ministers have gone forth, rep-
resenting Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. These
Ijrethren have been faithful laborers, and some of
them have been very successful in winning souls
to Jesus.

Ueligions tracts, |iamplilot3, anil books, written
by Dr. Kdgren, have been puljlislnnl in the Swedish
language. A Danish graduate of the department,
N. 1'. Jensen, has done excellent service to the
cause among the Danes as a translator, publisher,
editor, and pastor. The Danish monthly is edited
by Hev. P. II. Dam, and the Swedish liy Bev. I''.
Wingrcn.

'I'here are now SO Scandinavian churches in tlie
United States, with oOtJO members. 'I'heso churches
are located as follows : in New York City, I ; in
Boston, I ; in Illinois, 0; in Michigan, 6; in Wiscon-
.sin, 10; in Minnesota, 38; in Iowa, 4; in Dakota,
5; in Nebraska, 7 ; in Kansas, 4; anil iu IMissouri, 1.
Of the 5(300, 3500 are Swedes ; of the remainder,
the Norwegians are but a small minority.

The Scandinavian emigration is large, and new
fields for mission work among them are rapidly
increasing; the demand for laborers is greater
than can be supplied. Dr. Kdgren is the distin-
guished leader of these pious and thriving commu-
nities. Other brethren of talent and consecrated
lives are working nobly for the Master, and the
approval of Jesus rests coiisjiieuonsly upon these
godly ministers and the cunimunities of wliich they
are the chosen leaders.

Scarboro, Hon. J. C, was bom m Wake Co.,
N. C, in .Supteiuber, 1^42; served as a soldier
through the war; graduated at Wake Forest Col-
lege in IJSIJ'J ; has taught school lor several yi'ars,
and is now superintendent of public instruction
lor the State, having been elected in lS7ti.

ScarfF, E. H., D.D., was born iu Virginia in
1821. In 1841 he entered the preparatory depart-
ment of Granville College, O., and graduated in
1847. After teaching a year iu Jellerson, 0., he
entered the theological departmiMit of Madison
University, N. Y., and graduated in 1850. He
was ordained at New Carlisle, 0., July 18, 1850.
I'or two years he had charge of Judson College,
West JcUerson, 0. lie was ]iastor at Ciallipolis,
and afterwards at Delphi, liid. In 1854 he came
to Iowa, and took charge of the academic de-
partment of the Central Univin'sity at Bella. The
university was just startini; into life, and ht^ was
its lirst teacher, and i:untiiiiMMl his labors as teacher
for over twenty year.*, much of this time serving as
pastor of the First Baptist idiuich in that town.
He still i-esiJi.'s in Bella, disabled in body, but
strong in mind, ]iatient and cheerful iu suffering
(Iod s will, and awaiting his [ileasure.

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Ul .i^l.H' IIIJ'II U/MV

SCHAEFPKR

1034

SCIIOFIKLl)

Schaeffer, Prof. Hermann Moritz, was bom

All!;-. 22, IS.'iV, ill Lagf, LiiJ|jt;-l)L>tiMuld, GeriJinny.
llu j;i':iiUi;itL'(l at tlie rcotorul scliuol (iiciulerny) in
his native |iliii:o. In liis liriccntli year lie cnii-
gvatt'd to tliis country. In 15oston, where I'O first
ii-xed his aljode, he [uirsni'd Ktiidii's in the Kiii^li-sh
Language at ovoning sehouls, wliile "I'ollowing a
inereantilo career. In tlie year 1857 ho was eon-
verted and baptized Ijy Ivcv. ^Vln. Howe, joining
the Union BaptLst church at tiiat ))hice. lu hSfiS
he i'cnuivt\d to New Yoik, wiiere he joini'd tlie
Second Uernian Baptist ohiirch. Feeling |ironi|jted
to devote liis lil'u to the work of the ministry he
wont to Itocliester, N. Y., in 1800, and pursued
studies at the University of Rochester, and in the
(leriiian and English dc])arlnieiits of riochcsler
Theological Seminary. After )iroachiiig for the
Oernian churches in Holland, N. ¥., and New
Haven, ('niiii., lie settled as pastor of the I'^irst Oer-
man liaplist church in New York City. During
his eflieient pastorate the cliureli erected its present
excellent house of wcu'ship. After. six years of pas-
toral labiir in New Y'ork, Mr. Schaelfcr M'as called
to the chair of ISiblieal literature in the (leruiaii
department of luiehester 'rheoioL^ical Seininarv in
tlie year IS72. ^\'llilo cngagi'd in ti^aehiiig, I'rof.
Schaelfcr .succeeded in procuring the present (Jer-
maii Students' Koine at the cost of $2(1, ()nO. l!y
his energy the largcu- proportion of that sum has
already bei;n obtained, and the Imilding bids fair
to be free from debt very soon. I\lr. SchaeflTer Inis
also been very active in establishing a Gernian-
American Academy. Perfect in health and un-
tiring ill labor, I'rof Schaelfcr has been very use-
ful in the (jcrman work in this country, and his
old days are yet before liiiii.

Schism Bill, The. — See C'oRPOit.^TiON .vnd Test
Acrs.

Schofield, Rev. James, Sr, was born in I'enn
Y'an, Yates Co., N. Y., June 7, IMII. He removed
to Chautauqua Count}' when eighteen years of age ;
made a profession of religion in IS2(i ; was ordained
to tlio ministry in 1835 ; was pastor in Sinelairs-
ville until 1842. He married into the family of
John McAllister, — Miss AIniirii for his first, and
Miss ('aroline for his second wifi;. Of tln'se mar-
riages six chililien arc now living, — Lieut. C. Scho-
lield. Col. (1. W. .Seholield, and Maj.-Ocii. ,1. \X .
Scholield, all of tin; U. S. army, and two of them
graduates of West Point, also Ki;v. J. V. Scliolield,
D.D., of St. Louis, and two daughters. The sn)j-
ject (d' this sketch remov(.Ml to Illinois in 1843 ;
laljored for many years in the cause of the Home
MissiMii Society; built houses of worship in Free-
Jiort, Oalenu, and Kossville, 111. He remove. 1 to
Mis.souri ill I8(i7. In .Southwest Missouri tin i I'tu
houses of worship have lieen built llivongh ln^ iu-
strumentality, one of which is in Dallas County,

his home, called Schofield chapel. He is a member
of the board of the Baptist college at Bolivia, Mo.
III! is now in his eightieth year, awaiting his ap-
pointed time till the idiange comes.

Schofield, J. V., D.D., was bom in Chautaufpia
Co., N. Y., Dec. 4, 1825. He was converted in 1843,

J. V. si'Uoi'iEi.n, U.I).

and baptized by llev. Orin Dodge in Lake Cliau-
tau(|Ua. Ill 1844 he rciiioved to Chicago, and by
invitation spent two years in the family of Dr.
\i. 1). Boone, and commencoil studying for the min-
istry. In 1847 he entered ..Madison University, and
in I85(J Rochester University, where he graduated
in 1852, and also from the Theological Seminary in
1854. Dr. Schidield was ordained in Louisville,
Ky., in 1854, and was tlie first pastor of the new
Chestnut Street Baptist church of that city. In the
four ycar.s of his pastorate 181 joined the church.
In J 858 he became pastor of the First Baptist
church ofQiiiney, III. In his four years' pastorate
here 150 united with the churcli. In 1802 he ac-
cepted the |iastorate of the Third Baptist church,
St. Louis, Mo., and for seven and a half years was
the ellicient and beloved minister of this church.
It was a critical ]ieriod. Civil strife divided fami-
lies and former friends, yet under his wise admin-
istratinu the church jirospcred. The |U'esent edi-
fice was built at a cost of 1150,000. Dr. Schofield
inaugurated the movement, and raised nearly all
the money, 'j'he liou-.e was dedicated May 12,
1800. During his fiastiu-ate the whole aimiuntwas
nearly paid and the halaiiec provided fur, and the
church took rank with the first churches in the

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SCllULTE

1035

SCOTT

city. Ill ISij'J In; took tlie pastorate of the Ba|)tist
cliiircli of I'os iMoiiios, Iowa. In one year their
house of worship was foiii|iletcd and a debt of
.'j.")()UO providrd for, tiieii a revival followed for
tliroe niontlib, in wiiieli, eighty were baptized, forty
of whom were heads of I'aiiiilies.

Ill 1S71 he bi'canie pa.stor at New liritipiii, (!i)nn.
In four and a half yeai's there were 'M)[t additions,
2li.") liy haptisijj, 150 of whom were iniiiiersed
<lnrin>; the last si.t iiiontli.s.

In bSTti heroinovedajfain toSt. Louis, an<i Novem-
ber G became pastor of the Fourth I5aptist eliiireh,
his present field. I!y his persistent labors iiiiieh
iias been done. The ediliee has been tlinruiijihly
repaired, debts paid, and tlie cliureb improved,
fiiianeially, .socially, and spiritually. la -May, 18S0,
La Grange College conferred (ju hini the honorary
degree of Doctor of Divinity, and Jann '21 of the
same year Chicago University conferred ii]inn him
the same degree. Dr. .Scholbdd is a clear thinker
and an able preacher, ho is an earnest and elli- I
oient pastor, has baptized over liOII persons, and he
has held many .sueecsssful meetings with neighlior-
ing pastor-s. His works commend him, and his re-
ward is sure.

Schulte, Rev. G. A., was bom in Neustadtgo-
■dens, Kast L'risia, tiermany, Nov. i!ll, ISiiS. ilis
parents were pious Lutherans, who instructed him
ill the way of salvation from his earliest yuiitli. In
the year ISJO he came to this country with his
jiarcnts, who settled near Iliilfalo, N. Y. When
twenty years of age he was converted, and being
baptized in April, bSjS, he was received into the
fellowship of the First Cimiiian Baptist church in
IJulValo. Feeling the call of (jod within, he entered
the German department of Hoehcstcu' Theological
Seminary in IStiO. After pursuing theological
^studies for three years, he yielded to an urgent call
from the .Second German Baptist church, Buffalo,
N. Y. He was ordained in October, ISG3. After
serving this church acceptably as jiastor for eight
years, Mr. Schulte, by the choice of his brethren,
Avas made general missi(jnary and evangelist of the
Kastern llermaii Baptist Conlerence. After filling
this responsible position faithfully for two years
ho returned to the pastorate, accepting a call from
the First (ierinan church, New York City. Since
then he has been its cflicient and loved pastor. Mr.
S.-hnlte enjoys the esteem and affection of his Ger-
man brethren throughout the land. He is closely
identilied with ail the interests of the German
work, being the active .secretary of the Missionary
<!oinmittee of the Kastern (jcrmau Baptist Confer-
<!ni-e. His presentations ol' the gospel are clear,
forcilde, and instructive, his tact is admirable, and
Ills servicers in the general work make him one of
the most valuable men in the (iernian ministry.

Scotch Baptists. — See E.ngi.ish B.m-tists.

Scott, Rev. Jacob Richardson, was bom in

Boston, Marcdi 1, IM."). His |ireparatory studies
for college were pursued at South Beading, now
■W'aki-tield, Mass. He entered Brown University
in I8.J2. After liis graduation in 1836, he s|iont
two years in teaching, at tlie end of which time he
bccaiiu: a student at tin; Nc'wton Theological Insti-
tution. He graduatrd at Newton in IS-l'i, and was
immediately ordained and became the pastor of the
Market Street Baptist church in Petersburg, Va.
Fur several years lie was the itiinister of this
ehnri-h, and tlii'ii became tlie i)astor of the Baptisv
church in Hamilton, \',\. Such was his reputation
as a preacher that he was cluisen cha|ilain of the Uni-
versity of A'irginia, and had the honor of having a
re-election to the ollice at the close of his one yeai'"s
service, being the first clergyman who for a second
year was invited to till the important ]iosition. At
the end of this second engagement, he found his
health so shattered that he concluded to return
North. H(! had the charge of cJiurches in Portland,
Me., Fall Ivivcr. ^Mass., Bocliester and Yonkers,
N. Y. Ihiiing all this pi'riud his liealth was pre-
carious, and he concbidcd that it was his duty
to give up the ministry. Accordingly lie resigned
i;is ollice as jiastor of the church in Yonkers and
removed to Maiden, Mass., where, having received
an appointment as superintendent of schools, he
perl'urmed bis duties in that cajiacity until the
lime of his death, which took place Dee. 10, 1S61.
" In every jiart of his career," says Prof. Gamniell,
" hi; won the conlidcnce and respect of all with
whom he was connected, and (iroved himself a
faithful and useful minister of the gospel. His
only publications are a few hymns and several
articles in the magazines of the day."

Scott, Rev. Kemp, was born in Washington Co.,
Va., .lime, IT'Jl. Ilis father died when be was a
child. He came to Kentucky when nineteen years
of age, and lived in Barren County. In 1S20 he
confessed Christ, and was soon after ordained. In
1824 he came to Jlissouri, and lived in Cooper
County. Then there were .'50 ministers in the
.State and 2000 members. He preached east and
west from St. Louis to Leavenworth. He was
pastor of Jlount Pleasant church nineteen years.
He aided in constituting ilftecn cluirches, and bap-
tized about 1500 persons.

In 18G4 he removed to Carroll County, and was
pastor of Bethel church. When the war broke out
he arranged to have a meeting at his own house,
and be |ueached. All his oliililron lind ])r(ilossnd
faith in Christ, and one was a successful minister.
At this meeting a grandson was converted, and the
aged gramlfather went trembling into the stream
and baptized him. This was the last act of his
life. April 12, ISGl, he died.

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liotasb

HCOTT

1030

SC/i'l'dGS

Scott, Rev. Winfield, was born in West Novi, I
Midi., Fol). 2ii, KSiiT ; .son of Jas. 15. and Margaret
K. Sciitt ; cuiiverteil and baptized at Fanner, N. Y.,
in Foln-iiary, IS.03; gradiiatoil at IJucliester Uni-
versity, N. Y., in ISa'J, and IVoni ]\(ieliester Theo-
loLni-'iil Seminary in l.SOl ; (ir(|ained as jiastor of
Second eliiindi, .'^yraenve, .\'. \ .,' in Di'eenilier,
IMII; raisrd a ennipaoy and was eonunissioned
capt.iin in IJ. .S. A'olnnleers in l.Si')2, and was in
aelive serviee in Second Army Corps of the J'oto-
niae nntil wounded and disclnirj;ed, in Oetolior, KSGl.
In I.SOo lie became pastor at Leavenwortli, Kansas,
linildin;^ there a liouse of worship costing Sii5,()(l(),
riic cliureh grew nnder liis si.K years' pastorate
fruiii !'.( to 'S>0 nieniliers. lie organized tliri'i; other
cliurche^ near Leavenworth, bnilt three iiieeting-
lionses, and lia]>ti7.ed .')0I) converts. From .Jannary,
IS72, to Septemlier, I.S7"), he was pastor at Denver,
(^il., and bnilt a niecting-liouse and parsonage cost-
ing j!20, 1)111) ; tlie clinrch increased from 40 to nearly
.'lOO menihers. In ISTTi he rennui'd to (.'alifornia,
and edited the J'Jruni/i:/ from Febrnary to October,
1871), when lie resigned this work and became jias-
tor ;it I>os jVngtdos one year, during wliiidi .00 were
addi'il to the cluireh. In IS7S li(! was for a time
associate pastnr nf the ^Metmpnlitan church, San
Francisco. He afterwards snpplicd the IVtalnma
and the Central Oakland elinrehes, and in I'cbrn- !
ary, IS.SO, In^came ]iastor at .^aii .lo.vo, where in
four months (iO ni'W mcmliers were addi'd to the
idinrch, of whom- -IS were baptized. He is an earn-
est worker, a faithful |)reacher, and ready writer,
fully devoted to the eanse of Christ.

Screven, Charles 0., D.D., s.m of Cm. James
Screven, who was killed in the ilevoliitiunary
war, was born in 1774, and was baptized at twidve
by Dr. Fnrman, at ('iiarleston, S. C. He w;is
licensed by the Charleston cliurch in l,S01,aiid
began to preach at Snnbury, his large patrimony
lying in liryan (/'o., (ia. He was ordained by Dr.
Fnrman, .Mr. l5ot»ford, and Mr. Clay, of Savannah,
in IS()4, and from that time until disabled by dis-
ease, in ]S2'J, he labored failhfiilly and most ably
as thi^ pastor of Snnbnry cluireh. Compelled to
resign, on aceonnt of cancer in the eye. May lli,
182',),' he expired July 2, ISIH, at the age of lifty-
seven. He did a vast amunnt of good dnring his
ministerial life, and his name is still held very
prccions in the region wdiere lie lived.

Screven, Rev. Wm., was the Ibnnder and iirst
pastor iif the Charleston, S. (J., church. "■ He was
a native of Kngland, wliei'c! hi; was liorii abniit the
ye.ir 1(12'.). Wlo'ii he settled at I'iscataway, N. 11.,
cannot lie asi'ertained. Tlie snfl'erlngs whicli he
ami his brethren endured in tlnit place drove them
to seek an asvbuii ill the more tranr|uil rciiiohs of
the .South. After his removal to South ( ',i; iJina,
the Uaptist church in Boston sent (or him to be

their pastor. His answer, dated June, 1707, con-
tains this passage, 'Our minister, who eaniu from
Kngland, is dead, ami I can by no means lie spared.
It is a great loss, Ijut the will of the Lord is ilone.'
Aug. (i, 1708, be wrote to them as follows, ' Our
society are for the nnist pai't in health, and I hope
tiiriving in grace.' He wrote ' An Ornament lor
Church Members,' which was jiriiitcd altm- his
death. In the latter ptirt of his life Mr. Screven
removed to tieorgetown, about sixty miles to the
north of Charleston, where he died in peace in
1713, having arrived at the good old age of eighty-
four years. He is said to have been the original
]iro|uietor of the land on which (leorgetown is
bnilt.'' Some of ids descendants still live in tlio
lower part of the .State.

Scrivenor, Rev. Thomas, a noted and emi-

nenlly useliil |jicaclu'i- of S<iutliern Kentucky, was
born in IJowan Co., N. C, Feb. 2"), 1770. He re-
moved to Kentucky in 170t), and the same year
united with Tate's Creek Baptist (diurcli, in ^Luli-
•son County. After residing in ii number of locali-
ties he settled in liarren C'ounjy, where he was
licensed to preach in 1827, and in 182'.) was or-
dained to the ministry in the fifty-liflh year of his
age. \\'itliin less than a year after Ids ordination
be founded three churches, all of which he served
nntil advanced years unlitted hiiu for [lastoral
work. He was also )iasloi- of l)o\ er chiireh, near
his home, liesides ininistc'ring to four claii-ehes,
111,' jircached among the destitute and the feebh;
churchi's in his own and tli<' adjoining counties
with great success. Although he began bis work
late in life, he is supposcil to have baptizi'd o\ er
2500 ]ieoplc. He was moderator of liarren Itiver
Association lifiecii years. He resigned his pastoral
charges in 1868, and died in great jieace July 111,
l.SlU.

Scrug'g'S, Rev. John, was a citizen of Monroe
Co., 'I'cnii., and for many years jiastor of Mailison-
ville and Mount Harmony ehurehes, and others.
He \vas a gofid )iastor and a man of education.
He was a close ]5ililc stmlent and a line rcasoner.
He bad many able and learned discussions with
M<;thodists ami Presbyterians. He was regarded
by the Baptists as. their standard-bearer. He has
been dead about ten years,

Scrug'g'S, M. D,, was born in Scott Co., Ky.
Mr. Seniggs studied at Georgetown and Bethel
(!olleges, Ky., and at A\'illiam Ji'well, Mo, He
came in l.S.'i.O to .Missouri with bis father, and set-
tled in Chiy Coniilv. He loilio'cil the Soulhero
army for a year. He came to Si. Louis in IS7I.
He professed religion in 1873, and was haptizeil
by Kev. D. '1". MoricU into the fellowship of the
Fourth Baptist ebnreli of ,St. Louis, He has ren-
dered valuable sio-vieirs to this ehuieh ihniiiL^h his
wise eouiiscls and generous gifts. His integrity

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sI'LUihavk

1037

SEARS

and busiui'ss i;u|i;ii:ity give liiiu liigli .stiiiiJiiij; in
circles of ti'ailo ; liis devotion and benevolence i;ive
liiiu iiilliieiice ;i.s a Cliristian.

Seagrave, Rev, Edward, m-us born in Chester,

^'t., <lnly 1,0, IT'.'T. ile was a ^ra<liiate of Jirown
Diiivcrsity of the class of l.s2li, and studied tbe-
olu;;y under Uev. Calvin I'ark, D.D., a professor in
the university, and was ordained ;it Scitnate, Jlass.,
March 30, 1S3(I. Ile served two or three other
chnrelies, and fur several years |)(!rfornied mission-
ary labors in Kansas. 'I'ho last sixteen years of
Ids iil'e were passed in I'awtucket, 11. I. As a
luemlier of the First IJaptist eliurcii in that place
he i;reatly emleared himself to his brethren by his
unatl'eeteil Christian humility and his readiness to
perform such service as he could render to the
cause of Christ. He lived to a, good (dd age, and
departed with the respect and love of all who
knew hiui. Hi-, death occurred in Fawtncket,
Aug. IS, bSTT.

Searcy, Rev, James B,, a prominent minister
in Arkansas, was born in Alabama in 1S3S ; in

IIF.V. .lAMES n. SKAUCy. t

1S,')7 removed to Bradle}' Co., Ark. ; was ordained
in l.SliI); and was chaplain of the 26th Ark. Uegi-
ment in the Confederate army. In liS72-73 lie
travi'led over the Slate as superintendent of niis-
.sions and ministei'ial education ; has filled the im-
]iortant paslorates of Warren and Moulicidlo, hut
his laljors have been mostly conliued tu country
churches; wrote for Arkansas • liajili.st, and at-
tracted attention as a vigorous writer and clear I
reasoner ; wrote cjiec year for Central Buj/lint, St. I

lyonis, ,Mo. ; a regular conlribntor to 'J'he litijilifit,
Memphis, 'i'enn., for ten years; corresponding
editor of Wed/tni, }l(i/i/i.si; at present Arkansas
editor of 1'he (Memphis) Jltijilis/. He is a very
able minister and a devoted (christian.
Searle, Rev. David, of I'uritan stock, was bom

in N'l'rmcitit in 17VN. lie renujved to Western New
York, and marrird J'hnily, daughter td' Hon. .las.
.MeCall. His family were I'edobiiplists, but when
converted he united with a Baptist church in Knsh-
furd in l,S2r). In 1830 he was licensed ; lie studied
at Hamilton Literary and 'I'heologieal Institu-
tion; w^rs ordained in Knshford in I.S31. He
preached in iNlorrisville and vicinity. Studied and
suppcn-led himself, so that, though a husband ami
father, he was never a beneficiary, lie graduated
in 1,^33, and dedicated himself to the hniiie mission
work in Western New York ; was pastor in Spring-
ville and Boston; was Sunday-school agent, then
pastor again in Springville, Portage, Franklin-
ville, and .\reade. Afterwards ho was for many
years agent fur the Home Mission Society, his held
being Western New York and lOastern Ohio, West-
ern l'cnn.sylvunia, Northwest \'irginia, and Canada
AVest. In his declining years he went to iMissonri.
lie died suddenly in liStil, aged sixty-three.

Judge Uowdeii, of jMaries (Jo., Mo., writes : " He
was a man of extensive information. His argu-
ments were logical, ami always explanatory. He
was a devoted Christian, iind said on his death-ljcd
he had long been ready whenever it should lie the
will of God to call him home."

Sears, A. D., D.D,, wtis born in Fairfax Co.,
Va., dan. I, IsOl. In KSHS be married Annie B.
Bowie, who is still alive. Two years ago they
celebrated their golden wedding in Clarksville,
'fenii., where they have long resided. The occa-
sion was one of festive joy, the venerable pair re-
ceiving many attentions and valuable presents.
They arc both in good health, and he ministers
regularly to the Baptist church in Clarksville,
win re he has been eminenlly n.seful in building
up the cause id' Christ. He has a large active
nienibership, who gi'catly admire him, and give
him a bountiful support. He has been the pastor
of but thiei! churches, — one at Louisville, IIop-
kiiisville, and Clarksville. He has been very suc-
cessful both as an evangelist and pastor, having
baptized about 201)0 |]ersons. He took charge of
the church in Clarksville, in January, bStlG. It

then numbered 2.J membei

It now numbers 22o,

or more. They have built a handsome church edi-
lice at a cost of .S2.),000.

The doctor, though seventy-six years old, walks
erect, and is full of vigor and elasticity, promising
many more years of useful service in the Master's
vineyard.

Sears, Barnas, D.D., LL.D., was born in San-

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SEARS

1038

SECRETARY

disfioUl, Mass., Nov. I'J, 1801*. ACtor a tlinrnii-li
prepiiratiiiii in tlio best schools in tlie vicinity lie
entered liiown Uiiivorsity, mid f^rudiiated with
tlie hi^iiest honors of the ehiss in l.SliJ. llc^ eii-

*5. \

n.MtxAs sEAUs, n.n., i.l.d.

tered upon and goiiipleted his theolnj^ical course at
tiie Newton TheohjL'ieal Institution, Mass. Al'tei-
leavinj; the seminary he heeaiiie pastor of the First
Baptist church of I lartl'oid, (Nniii.. in whicli rchi-
tion he remained two years. In hsii'J lie accepted
a professorship in llie llaiuilton Literary ami The-
ological Institution (Madison University), where he
remaiiKMl niitil»ISj,{, when hi' 'went to (ieriiiaiiy
for the purpose (jf piuseciitiliL' his stiidii'.s. While
there lie baptizeil the liev. Mr. Oiickrn, whose
zealous and self-denying labors have bi'eii so ahiiii-
dantly blessed in the spread of a [)ure Christianity,
and in the gathering together of so large ii llaplist
imnnbcrship. On his ri.'turii, his ripc^ and lh(nongli
scholarship led to his choice as a professor in the
Newton 'riiGcdogicid .Seminary, of which he was
also for several yars president. In I'^IS he was
chosen secretary and executive agent of the .Massa-
cliusctts board of edneation, in which position his
wide and varieil e.'cpcrience of methods of edneation
in I'hiropc made him c\specially nsefal. In August
of ISfjij he was elected presiilcut of Brown Uni-
versity, ill uhic-li position he gave n(^w lil'c and
vigor to the inslitiitioii. and ek'Vated its slaiidaid
of seholarship. In ISti7 he becanie the gi'in'ral
agent of the Peabody education fund, wlmli le-
sponsibh; position he held until his ileath iii I.SsO.
Dr. Sears resided for a niiiiiber of years at Staunton,

Va., greatly beloved by all who knew him. In
1K41 Harvard College conferred ujion him the
degree of D.I)., and Yale, in ISCi'J, the degree of
liL.I). Itr. .Sears published, in I.S-14, " Ciceroniana,
or the Prussian Mode of Instruction in Latin ;" in
1S46, "Select Treatises of Martin Luther in the
Original (Jeriiian,'' with \alualjle philological
notes; in lS.311, ''Life of Luther,'' with special
reference to its earlier periods and the o|iening
scenes of the Reformation ; and in 18.54 a riivised
edition of Roget's "Thesaurus." He also edited
for several years Tlic C/irisliau Review, in wliieh
m-a}' be found some very valualjle papers written
by himself. In the large yearly assemblies of the
denomination Dr. Sears rightfully held a eons|iicu-
oiis jilace ill view of his wide ccperience and his at-
ta<'liiiient to the tenets of our churches.

Sebree, Capt. Uriel, a native of Orange Co.,
\'a., was horn July 15, 1774 ; left an orphan at
the age of ten years. Soon after the death of his
father he went to live with bis uiutle. Cave Jolin-
son, in lioone Co., Ky. lie commanded a com-
pany ill the wiir of ISj'J, Ho was in the disastrous
batth^ of River Uaisin, where he was nnule a pris-
oner. He retiirnol to Kentucky and served several
sessicnis in both branches of the Legislature. In
181'J, Capt. Sebree was sent on an expedition to
Council Blutl's with government stores, which duty
he performed with great satisfaction. He was ap-
pointed to similar service in 18'iC). He was a man
ol great skill and perseverance. He was fur years
reeeiviu' of (lublic moneys in the land-ollice at Fay-
ette, Mo., and in all these stations he had the rep-
utation of an upright and elliciinit man.

As a Christian he was marked for consistency
and usefulness. He became a iiiembcr of the Bap-
tist Church in early life, and for more than forty
years took an active |iart in all the interests of the
denoiiiination. He co-operated in the organization
of the tieneral Association, frequently was its moil-
erator. His house was a home for his brethren.
He died .May 18, isfi;;.

Secretary, Christian, the Baptist weekly )hiIj-

lislie<l at llai'tlin'd, (,'oun., was lirst issued l''eb.
2., l.Slili, for the Connecticut Baptist Missioiiai'y
Soeiely ; in \^'2-i it was transferred to the (^m-
iiei'liiiit Ba)itist State Convcniion, then ormiiii/.ed ;
in ISli'.t it was given to the Cliristian Secretary
Assoi'iution, wliicdi condurted it till July, l8o7.
Deacon Philemon Caiilicld, publisher; the first
editor was Kc;v. Klislia Cushiiian, Sr., two years;
then llcv. (iiirilon Uobiiis. live \i';irs; then Di'iiron
Canliolil, the iietiii'.; iditor. In July, l^ i", it was
iiniled wiili the <!ii.ipi-t Ji'i/iu'sa, a paper of New
York, wdiich movement gavi- dissatisfac^tion ; in
.March, ISI'.S, on the return ni' lirv. I']. Cuslnnaii,
Sr., to Hartford, it was resiiscitiited, he lueoiniiig
cdltiu' and jiriiprictor, ami on his death, Oct. lilj,

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SKDGWICK

103'J

SEGER

183S, his son, K. CusiuiKin, Jr., continued it till
July, 1S40. NoriMiuul ISurr, in cniupiiny with
Wiilter S. Williuuis, ;inil hitcr with Alnmnd A.
Smith, iMlitoil iuul )iulili.sln;(l it till 1X50, when iMr.
IJurr lieciinie scilo propiictor, unil so reniiiinoil till
his death, I»ee. 5, ISGl. Kuv. E. Oushiiniu, Ji-.,
who in July, 18GJ, hceanie assoeiiite edi'tor, on Mr.
JSurr's dentil Iieeame cditof and pioprietor, and
continued such till his death, Jan. 4, ISTO, when
S. I>. Phelps, D.I)., succeeded him in ownership and
editorship, who still has charge of the paper. It
was at first a sheet Ki hj' 19 inches ; it was enlarged
i[i IS24, and again hy Mr. (,'ushinan, Sr., in ]lS3iS,
iind still further hy Dr. I'lielps; it now njeasnres
2.S hy 42 inches; it is triuj to the denomination
and holds a high rank for aliility.

Sedgwick, Rev. George Cook, was horn in
Calvert f'o.. Md., Nov. ;j, \',s:,. Reared in the
Church of Kugland, hut at an early ago became a
liaptist. licaving a snceessfiil business to enter
the ministry, he took ii courtio of study under Dr.
Wni. Staughton ; \va.s (u-dainod pastor of tin; Ilarl-
wood church, \;\.. but being attracted to the AV'est,
reiiioved to Zanesvilh>, ()., in I.S2(), where, in I.S21,
he organized the First liaptist church, and re-
mained its pastor for sixteen years. Jhiring this
pastorate he taught a select school, and |iublishcd
a monthly jiaper called Tlie lieriular Bujilifit .)fis-
rel/inii/, probably the Jirst Baptist paper published
in Ohio. He was also instrumental in establishing
till.' .Meigs' (Ji-eek Astiociation, and, in company with
his brother, AVilliam Sedgwiid;, and with brethren
Dale, McAvoy, .'^pcnc(;r, t.'aU er, llees, Ibikley, and
others, traveled most, and he laid the foundatiim
of Baptist churches. The Ohio State Convention
was born in his church, ajid he aided largely in
the establishment of Uranville College. After
leaving /.luesville, in ISoT, he served churches in
Kentucky and AVest A'irgini:i, but in lii.s later years
returned tcj Ohio, where lie iliml Aug. 2.'j, 18(14.
He was a man of large iulhiencc, anil bis name is
widely revered.

Sedgwick, Rev. William, A.M., brother of

("iedrge Cuok .S''d Liwiik, was burn ill Calvert Co.,
iMd., Feb. 7, IT'JIJ; bajitized in 1.SI2 by Rev. Jere-
miah Moure. Like his brothi'r, left a successful
business to enter tin! minisi i-y, and fitted himself
li)r his life-work hy a course of hard study, ]mr-
siied under the greatest dilliculties. Was (n-dain<Ml
pastor of liethel eliundi, Va., Oct. 21, 1821, to
which place ho returned after a short past(jrate at
the Navy-Vard cburrb, Washington, D. C. In
November, 1S2.'5, w<Mit tn Ohio, and took charge
of a large .schoid in Cambridge, where he organ-
i/.ed a church, and )iri'aehod in all the rei;iiiiis
round abnul. In |S2S he removed to iSalt Crirl,,
Muskinguiu Co., (I., |ireaching not only at Sail
Creek, but at liroolJliidd and MeConnellsville and

many other places. In 1837 he succeeded his
brother (Jeorge as pastor of the First church,
Zanesville, and, after two years, took charge of
the Adamsville church, where h(! labored for
eighteen years.

During his long ministry of fifty-si.K j'oars, forty-
three years of which were spent in Muskingum Co.,
O., Mr. Sedgwick bapti/.eil over 1000 persons. He
was greatly interested in the missionary and educa-
tional entei'prises of Ohio, and assisted in the organ-
ization of the Meigs' Creek- Association in 182.0 and
the State Convention in 182li. He died Nov. 30,
1871, revered anil niourned by old and young. A
son, llev. (i. C. Sedgwick, of Blartitrs Ferry, 0., '
succeeds him in the work of the gospel.

Seely, Hon. Alexander MoL., was bom in

St. John, New Brunswick, in 1812; commenced to
atlend liaptist preaching in 183;'); was subsequently
converted, and was baptized with eighteen others
at Imlianlown by the late Kev. .Samuel Robinson,
IMarcli 2"), 1842; was deacon in I'ortland church,
and (iernniin Street church, St. Jcjlin, and is now
deacon in Leinster church in that city, liecame a
member of the Legislature In I8.V1, and is now
president of the popular branch <jf the New Bruns-
wick Legislature. He is oonscienlious, uj-bane, and
faithful in the performance of all his church and
jiublic duties.

Seemuller, Mrs. Anne Moncure, daughter id'

Wni. Crane and Jean Crane, and great-grand-
daughter, on her mother's side, of Thomas Stone,
a signer of the Dcclai'atiou of Indepi'nden.ce, was
b(jrn in Baltimore, Jan. 7, 1838. .She was edu-
cated with superior advantages in the city of lu^r
tuitivity. She early gave In^rself to literary com-
position, contributing to the (uilitu:i/ and other ]ie-
i-iodicals. Three novels of remarkable characteris-
tics are from her pen, — " Emily Chester," " Oppor-
tunity," iiinl " Reginald Archer." She married .Mr.
Augustus Seemuller, of New York. Her health
failing, she went to Stuttgart, (iermany, wdiere she
died Dec. 10, 1877. She early became a member
of Dr. Richard Fuller's church in Baltimore, and
died in its communion. Her remains, as well as
her husbanil's, re|iose beside her father's, in Oreen
.Mount Cemetery, Jialtiimire.

I Seger, Rev. Jolin, was born Feb. 14, 17N'J.
lie was baptized in the. North River, in A|iril,
1803; licensed to ]n-cach by the Eirst Baptist
ehureh of New York, June 17, I8l.'i. He look

! charge uf the liiglilstown church in May, I8l;i.

' Worn he spent the viL'or of lii.s manhood. For

I eighteen years In' was paster of this church;
during part of this tin.e hr was u\<o the pastor id'

I the Hamiltun Sipiare elinrih. (Ircat spiritual
awakenings followed his ministry. Many were
led by him into the light. Large pnrtions of New
Jersry, fiiPiii llir liidaware to the coast, were IraV-

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SELLERS

1040

SEMPLE

ci'sod l)y liiiii ill lii'oacliing Juscis. lie was inoiler-
iitov of tlio, first Slati! Convention of New Jersey,
held at Nottiii^liain Sqnaie, in 1830. lie was set-
tled for a tijiie at Lanibertville, suliseiiuently on
Loni^ Island. From llils time lie lived in retire-
ment, among tlie people of his first love. lie was
11 godly nnin, whose life was made beautiful by the
Savionr's presence. lie died in a good old age,
Nov. 15, 1B70. leaving the heritage of a blessed
memory.

Sellers, Eev. T. G., principal of Starkvillo,
Miss., Institute, was born in South ( 'aroliiia in 1831 ;
began to preach in Aialiama in l8.'i(), and graduated
at Union University, 'fenn., in 1854; two years
pastor at Athens, Ala. ; since 1857 has su|)pliod
the chureh at Starkvillc, Miss. ; has been several
times moderator of the Columbus, Miss., Associa-
tion ; in 180'.) established the Starkvillc Female
Institute, wdiieh ranks among the first .schools in
the State.

Sample, Robert B., D.D., the youngest son of
John Seinplu and Kli/abetli (Walker) Semple, was
born at Hose ftlount. King and Queen Co., Va.,
Jan. l!0, ITIJ'J. His father dying while ho was still
an inl'ant, he was left to the faithful care of his
nnjther, a stanch adherent of the Episcopal
Church. He was educated at the w(dl-known
academy conduirteil by tlic llcv. I'eter .Wdsnn, and
he made such )irogress in his studies that at
the age of si.xtecn he became a valuable assist-
ant teacher. Having finished his course of study
here, be was employed as tutor in a juivate famil}',
anil at the same time entered upon the study
of law. jVt this period he was troubled with
grievous skeptical views as to religious truth, but
throngli the prayers of an humble friend who was
vcrv faniiiiar with tlie liiblc, ami with whom lie
held many conversations and protracted arguments,
he was led to roali/.o his errors, and was brought,
by the grace of <jod, to feel his sinful condition.
Immediately on his conversion, be felt it to be his
duty to connect himself wilh a l>a|itist church,
although the <lcnomination in his neighborhood
was but lightly esteemed. Ho was baptized in De-
cember, 178'.), by the liev. 'I'heodorio Noel, ami
joined the U|i|ier King and Queen church. He
liegan immediately to speak for Christ, and preached
his first discourse at the house of Mrs. Loury, Caro-
line County, December 24, the s;uue occasion on
which the Kev. -Vnilrcw IJroaddus made liis first
efi'ort at preaching. He gave but little evidence at
that time of any special " aptness to teach." He per-
Bevered, however, in his eflbrts, and when, in 1790,
the Bruington church was constituted, Mr. Semjde
became its pastor, having been ordained Sc|)t. L!ii,
17'J0. This chuich he served until his deaib, a
]ierind of forty years. In 17'.'3 he nuirried jMiss
Ann Loury, daughter of Col. 'I'lionuis Loury, of

Caroline County, and settled in King and Queen
County, on a farm named " Mordington," where
for many years, in addition to preaching, he taught
school. Mr. Semple soon became one of the mos'

ROUKIIT li. SEMl'l.P, D.D.

useful and jiopular men in the State. He made
frc(|ucnt and exti'iisive tours throughout lower
Virginia, strcngtliiMiing the churclics and proving
a great blessing to tlu' people. He had the grat-
ification of baptizing converts fre(|uently and in
large numbers. He was an active member of the
Duv(U' Association, and its ellicii^ncy was, in a
great measure, owing tu his zeal and labors in its
behalf. He was dee[dy interested in the cause of
missions, and was one of the first in Virginia to
advocate their claims, lie enlisted the prayers and
labors both of individuals and churches in them;
attended the first meeting o( the Haptist General
Convention ; was an active friend of the Richmond
Foreign and Domestic Society, and labored for the
(jencral Association of Virginia. Mr, Semple was
also an ardent friiMid of education. At a very
critical period in'the varied history of the Columbian
College he was persuadcil to become its financial
agent and president of its board of trustees. He
subjected himself to numerous inconveniences in
accepting this trust, and his death soon after frus-
trated the hopes which the friends of the college
had indulged from their knowledge of Mr. Semple's
prudence and energy. As an author, he won the
regards of the denomination. In I80'J he )iublished
a Catechism for the use (d' ebildrtui, which was ex-
tensively used and highly cflmniended. In 1810

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lii.s " History of Virgiiiiu liiiiitists" wa.s ]uibli.Mlieil.
This wui-k iiiiist liiivu cost the luithor much Litno
aiul troublo, but it cunl'iircU an iiiiijurtaiit bunelit ou
tlie cliui'ches, in iMuibling them to become iamiliar
■with each other's rise and jirogress, and in its tend-
eiu:y to bind theiu more closely together. 'J'liis
is an invalnal)le volunie. He also wj'ote ii liiog-
raphy of the lain(Mited Stranghan. lli^ was IVe-
([nently called on to write the circular letters of the
Dover Association, all of which were marked by
rare excellence of style and iiuittcr. As a minister
of the gospel Mr. f^eniple was eminently succe-^s-
ful. The secret of his usefulness lay in his great
pi'ud<'nce and decision of character ; in the un-
wearied diligenec with which he discharged his
ministerial duties, and in the marked jnactical
character of his preaching. No one knew better
than he how to counsel jiersons under conviction
of sin. or how to advise under any per))lexing cir-
cumstances. Ilis eongregations were always large,
liccanse he n(!\er failed to Mil liis a|ipiiintments ;
while his discourses were renuirkable for appi'O-
priateness, and were always delivered in simplicity
and sincerity. The Iti-v. Andrew J5roaddus, who
knew liim intimately, said of him, "' The distin-
guishing excellence of our bi'other in his minis-
terial capacity appeared to mo to consist in a I'und
of knowledge of human initure, applied, as oeea-
siou called for it, to the various Workings of the
heart, and in what the aijosllo calls ' instruction
in rigliteousness ;' or an exhibition of tlu' duty and
advantage of practical godliness." Mr. .Semple
was invited, in ISO.'i, to become the president of
Transylvania Lljnversity, which honor he declined.
In IM.O lii'own University conferred on Ijini the
honorary degrees of .\..M. (t also conferred on
him the degree of ]).!>., which l](]nor was also
given to him by the colli^ge of William and ^lary,
lioth which, however, he felt constrainci] respect-
fully to decline. He dii^d Dec. 2.3, 1S31, and "in
Ills removal," says his biographer, " the whole de-
nomination sustaineil a los>."

Senter, Deacon James M., of Trenton, Tenu.,

was born in (Jumberland Co., N. (-'. His father
rennjve<l to I'ennessee in 1831. He jirofessed faith
in (Jhrist and joined Liberty Baptist church, and
was baptized by Kev. S. P. Clark in l.S4fi.' He
united with the Trenton churcii, wliere he still re-
tains his membership, in ISOS. He was ordained
to the deaconship in said church in February, 18()<l,
which position he still holds, to the pleasure and
]nolitof both church and pastor. His pastor, Ur.
M. Hillsnnm, one of onrablest ministers, speaks of
hiuL always in thii most complimentary terms. It
is the opinion of the writer that he has but few, if
any, equals us a <leaeon. He is the deacons' treas-
urer. 'I'liey assess the membership, the anuainis
to be paid quarterly, the sum is |iromptly gi\ en.

and handed over to the pastor. Kverything moves
regularly like a clock ; there is no friction in the
maehini'ry. If all our churches had such deacons
our ministers would all fare well. l)r. HiUsman
has no fears that his salary will lall short. Deacon
iSenter is a man of much prayer, eonsetpiently readj'
for every good W(n-d and work. \\r attends our an-
niwu'saries, and is always found n|ion important
ccunmittees. He is now treasurer of the Central
Association. He not only works and gives him-
self, but encourages others to labor ami give. The
churches should implore the Lord from day to day
to raise up moretiuch di.'acons.

Senter, Deacon William M., was born at Lex- .
ington, Henilerson (Nj., Tenn,, April 1 I, 1.S31. He
was e(aiverted and united with tlu; liaptist eluircli
at Blulf Springs, and was Lapti/.ed by l{ev. das.
Hurt, D.D., in 1850. In IH.W he united with the
church at Tienton. Tenn. He united with the
Third Baptist ehureh of St, Louis, Mo., in 1870.
He was elected trustee in 1871 , and deaitni in l.S7,S,
II(.' is now president of the fmamial bcjard of tln^
eliui'ch, composed of deacons and trustees; has
been treasurer of the exeeutive board of the Gen-
eral Association of the State. He is president of
the Cottcui Compress Company of St. Louis. By
integrity, energy, and skill he has built up from
small beginnings one of the largest, establishments
in the AVest. He is a man of admiiable .■^ocial, re-
ligious, and benevolent qualities. ,Mr. Senter has
given tlauisands of dollar.^ to our Baptist cause,
and he is a pillar of strength in his ehurcli and in
our denomination in the city and State.

Separate Baptists.— When (ieorge Whitcticld
pi-eaehed in New JMigland, as elsewlujre, many
were ecjiivertcd to God; and as in the State Con-
gregational churches religion was in a very low
condition, the new disciples were regiirdi'd as a
strange element, e.\ecpt by those in them, ministers
or laymen, who iiad been blessed with new hearts.
These persons for a time were called Ncwlights;
but, as their treatment by the (dd religious commu-
nities was cold and sometinu^s unfriendly, and as
tlu; truth was IVe(picutly neither loved nor preached
in the ehurehes of the " standing order,"' the New-
lights established religious services of their own,
and in process of time tliey oi-ganized churches,
into which only regenerated mcniljers were re-
ceived. Those communities were first established
about 17-11, and they were pious Congregational
churches, as distinguished from the Ibrnial legal-
ized bodies of the Stale. B:ipti.'-ts and Pedobaiitisis
were often fouml in the Sej)arate churches. Isaac
Backus and Shubal Stearns were ministers aniong
them. This union, however, was not pernnment.
The Baptists diil not care to see a cddld sprinkled
in a church to which tln-y belonged, and the Con-
gregatiormlists were not happy wdien one of thi-ir

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f^ErARATE

1042

SEVENTJI-DA Y

bclu^vini; hictluiMi was iniiiiei-M'il. 0|H'ii ctiiniiui-
tii(Jii, iiislciici of I'lLsti'vlii;; cliiirity, |in)iii()li'il dih-
CDiil, iiiiil iiltiiiiati'ly L'itlicr tlio J5u|iti.sts or tlie
()oMj;i'(;f;atii}iiali.st« witlulrew IVoiii thecliui'cli wliicli
tlioy liail (oriiioil and tii-;::aiiizL'il unotlier on tlio
lja>is ol' the tniHi as llioy ludil it. iMr. Stranis
was oiiliiiiiud aiiniiig tlic iSe|iarata.s ; and aftrr liu
liad Ijoeii iiiuiuM'.scd and uidalnud us a liaplist min-
ister, impressed witli what seoiiu'd to liini tlic call
of God to remove far to tlioAVost to perform a ii;rcat
work for his Master, he and a few of iiis menihei's,
in 1754, departed frtim Connecticut, lie stop|ied
on the way before lie readied the home selecteil i'or
liiiM l)y the providi'nee of (Joil, Sandy Creek, Guil-
ford t.'o., N. C, when, on Nov. 22, J7o5, he and
his companions fornu'd a ehiiridi of si.xteon iiieni-
liers. The iii-st Separate ehnreli in Viri^inia wa.s
constituted in ITt'l', with Dutton Lane as its pastor.
I'auiel .Marshall, llult.on La[ie, and Col. Samuel
llarriss enjoyed extraordinary sueeess in their mir\-
istrations, converts eanie to Chri.st in thronj^s,
chiireln's were eonstitntod, jVssoeiations were
Ibrnnjd, the lirst of which was estaldished anions
the Separales in North Carolina in IT^'S. In ITT'I
there were but two Separate churches in Virginia
north of the James lliver, and aliont four south of
it ; in 1774 there were thirty soutii and twenty-four
norlli of it that sent letters to tlie Association, and
there were [irobably several (Jthers nijtyet i(lcntilied
with the iVssoeiation. The mini.^ters traveled
extensively am) preached everywhen;. Jlessrs.
llarriss and Kead baptized 7o at one time on a
preaching tour, and in one of their journeys they
immersed 200. Sonunimes the lloor of the house
where the nieeting was held was covered with per-
.sons stru(d< down with conviction of sin, and fi-c-
ipientlv the niiidsters were i-aised up at night to
point Weeping penitents to Jesn.s. A torieut of
saving grace descended on ^'irginia, North Caro-
lina, and other States through the laliors of the
Separate liaplists, which has never been exceeded
in saving power in on(! section of country since the
Saviour asceinled into heaven. The Separate Bap-
tists did not lay so much stress upon an educated
ministry as their Regular Ijrethren ; they were
unwilling for a time to be bound by any creed, and
linally, only with explanations, accepted the Pliil-
adelphia Confession of Faith on Aug. 10, I7M7, as
one of the tei-nis of a union wilh thi' Uegiilar
ISaptibts, ciinsunimated at that time, after which
the Haptists of the Old J>ominion were known as
the United Bapli.st churches of Virginia. 'I'lie Sep-
arate liaplisls had some leaders who were strongly
ineliiu:d to ..Vrminianism, though generally Ihey
were sound on the doctrines of grace ; and ihey
were for a time regarded by their Uegular lucihren
us somewhat loose, and lacking in ordei m iheir
religious meetings. We heartily appro\e uf the

old (^alvinism of ihi! Keguhir iSaptists of Virginia,
and as heartily commend the iioly fervor and
boundless zeal of their Separate brethren. United,
they have planted cliurehes all over Virginia,
swept out ol existence, the uni(ni Ijetween Church
and Stati;. aiul seenre(l through .lames Madison and
( ieorge Washington tluM'eligious amendment to the
llniti^il States C^onstitution. The Separate Baptists
had for a time a distinct and vigorous existence in
several other States besides Virginia, an<l wherever
they were found they were the most aggressive and
successful body id' Christians ever known in our
country. No elTort or sacrifice stood in their way
where souls were to be saved or (Jhrist's truth
honored. The Separate Baptists were divinely pre-
pared agents, exactly suited to the peo|de among
whom they labored to accomplish a gigantic work
for (!nd and for tin; Ba|)tist denomination in the
Southern and Southwestern States of this country ;
and w liatovor may have lieen their (leliciencies as
compared to their llegular brethren of their own
day, or to the Baptists of our times, they arc winthy
of grateful and everhisling remenibranee by their
present successors and by the! Saviour's friends of
every name.

Long since Ihe chasm between them and the
Uegular Baptists lias been bridged, and the two
bodies everywhere are now one' in name and in
religions principles.

Settle, Judge Thomas, Sr. — For a series of

years -Jielge Sel I le \\ as the modirator of the Beulah
Associulion. lie was born in Uockinghuni Co.,
N. ('., March 10, 17S'J. The law was liis chosen
juofession, though he was a politician during a
part of his life, having served in tin; United States
Congress in 1817, and also in I.Sl'J, when ho de-
clined re-election. He was Speaker of the House
of t^'ommons of North Carolina in the sessions of
182(1-27, and in ISIi2 was elected a judge ot' the
Superior Court, which ollice he filli^d till his resig-
nation in IS,"i4, He died Aug, 7, I85,S. His last
(illieial position was that of chairman of the court
of his county. He was the father of Hon. T'hos.
Settle, at oiu; time on the Su|ireme Court bench of
NiM'th (!aroliiia, and now United States district
judge in Fhuida, and of Mrs. tiov. 1). S. Keid,

Seventh-Day Baptists, The, are distinguished
frcmi the Uegular Baptists mainly by their views of
the Sabbath. They believe that the seventh day of
the week was sanetilii.'d for the Sabbath in Paradise,
and was designed for all mankind; that it forms
u necessary part of tho Ten Coiiininnilments, and
is as immutable as Ihey; that it was ncjt changed
by divine autiiority at the inl rodin.-lion of Chi'ls-
tianity ; that passagi'S in the .New Testament,
speaking of the first day of the week, do not iniply
its substitution for the Sabbath, or its ajipointment
as a day of W(n'sliip: that early Christiaii.s con-

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SE VENTH-DA Y

1043

SIIADRACII

timuid to ()l).soi-ve tljc seviiiitli day iis ihr. Saliliatli
till tliu odiots of cmpnriirs and di'uroi.'.s of coiiiioilM
KU[)|ircs.s(;d it; tliat, liiially, " Tli(! st'vciitli day of
tliii WL'i'k, and not tin; lii'st, on^;lit now to bo oh-
sorvc'd aa the Saliliath of tlie Lord our (iod."
Notices of people holding these sentiments are
found in the first six Chrislian (Centuries, also
during the dark period intervening between the
cstiiljlisliment of papal dominion and the dawning
of tho Keforniation. In the seventh cerutury, undiM-
Pope Gregory I., the Sabhath was niueh discussed,
a class declaring "' it was not lawful to do any niau-
ner of work on the Saturday, or tho old Sabbatli."
In the eleventh century, under Gregnry VII.,
the same was preached. In the twelfth century
there I'xisted a hii-ge conimnidty in Lonibardy who
kept the seventh day as the .Sabbath. The llefor-
nnition introduced a ni;w era. In the sixteenth
century, ISaplists who kept the seventh ilay were
quite common in Oeruiany. In the beginning of
the seventeenth century they made their a|)pear-
ance in England,, but did not begin to orgiini/.e
churches until Iti.'id. ^Vilhiu fifty years IVuni (he
latter date there witi-e (deven Sabbatarian churches
in Kngland, and scattered Sabbalh keepers in many
parts of the kingdom. Mine of the eleven chundies
Inive beeonje cttinct, one remaining in London and
one at ^V^Ldton, near T(;wksbury. They enjuyi'd the
ministry of distinguisheil Dissenters, as I'rancis
liamlield, founder of Oripplegate church in London ;
Edward Stennett, ancestor of the famous Stennett
family ; Joseph Stennett, author of the reply to
Kussen's " Fundamentals without a Eoundation,
or a True Picture of the Anabaptists ;" Joseph
Stennett, D.D., and Samuel Stennett, D.l)., <!f tlie
].,ittle Wild Street lJa|itist ( hurch in London.

Seventh-Day Baptists made their a|ipearance in
America in the latter jiart of the seventeenth cen-
tury. The lirst chnrcli was organized at Newport,
II. I., in IG7I. AVith this church for many years
united the scattered Salibatarians in Rhode Island
and (Jonnecticnt, the pastors holding meetings in
liistant places. In \H\^ a idiureh was organized
in llopkinton, 1!. I. ; in 171*^4, another in \V'iiter-
kud, Conn. There are n(iW eight in Khode Island
and two in < 'onnectieut. In .\ew Jersey the lirst
church was I'mbodied at I'iscalaway in 170'); fnim
this sprang the clinrch at Shibdi in 17.;7. Now
there are four churches in that State.

In New York there are thirty-three churches.
The church at lierlin was gathered in 17S0, and
formed a branch in Stephentown, and then a church
at Petersburg. Then hdlowed the (diurchcs at
Adams, and ai llounslicdd, and Itruoklicid, in
1797. This last cliuridi gave vise to two others in
tlie same town. Then there are churehc.^ in \'c-
rona, Watson, Preston, .Otselie, Lincklacn, Di'
Kuyter, and Trnxton. One in New Ynrk City,

tw(dve .in Allegany, Steuben, and Cattaraugus
Counties, and several others- in Weslern New
York. Churches are lunv found over the South and
West; I in I'ennsylvania, G in AYest Virginia, '1 in
(*hio, 7 in Wisconsin, ,S in Illinois, 2 in Iowa, 1 in
^lissouri, I in Kansas, 2 in Nebraska, 4 in Minne-
sota, and 1 in Dakota 'territory. There are also 2
in England, previously tnuncd, 1 in Holland, and
I in China, which report to the General Confi;r-
ence.

The Yearly Meeting in America was early es-
tablished, which gave I'isc to the General Cnid'er-
encc, judd annually in Septeml)er. In connection
with this are liidd the Missionary, Tract, and Educa-
tion Socii'ties. In ISSTi the churches oi'ganized into
Associations; these are now the l''astern. Central,-
Western, Northwestern, ami Soulheastern. The
Missionary Society was organized in IS4.'i, (jper-
ating at Ikjuh' and abrciad. Its foreign mission is lo-
cated at Shanghai, (Jhina, having a church, chapel,
anil dwcdling house. The foreign work is cond(u;tc(l
by Kev. David II. Davis and wife and Miss E. A.
Nelson, aideil by two native preai hers. The so-
ciety has a charter from Lliode Island, and is lo-
cated at Westerly. 'Mie Tract Society manages
the denominational issues, and publishes the weekly
|>aper, The Sahlnilh Recurder, with headquarters at
Alfred Centre, N. Y. The Education Society is
located at Alfred Centre, and hugely aiiis the
Alfred University at that place in carrying on ils
classical, mechanical, and theological instruction.
'lite Habhaik Uervydcr was established in 1S41.
The denomination also |Miblishes a Sabbath-school
paper. Much of the substantial history cd' the
churches and ministers may lie found in the
Seventh- U(ti/ Bapliat jMeiiKivial, — a quarterly. 'I'he
literature of the deniunination is fairly represented
in the volumes iiublished by the Ti'act Society. In
revival ell'orts the churches and ministers very
heartily unite with the laborers of other evangelical
denominations.

The following statistics arc taken from the I'e-
turns of l^i7'.): jVssociations, 5 ; churcdics, 'Jt) ; or-
ilained ministers, 105 ; total membership, S0O5.

The above, somewhat condensed, is fjom tho
pen of a leading'nu'mber t)l' the Sc\cnth-Day Bap-
tist denomination. The editor gi\es it as an ex-
pi'cssion of the opinions id' llu'se brethren, not as ii
declaration of his views.

Shadrach, Wm., D.D.— This nanui is a house-
h(dd vvoi'd among the Baptists of Peniisylva\iia.
If lidelity to ti'uth, earnest .onvii'lions, impassione<l
(doipicnce, and acli\c zeal tlu-.rM::h half a ei'nlury
entitle a clergynnin to peculiar priHuinencc timong
bis bri'lliren. such promini'uce must lie awarded
this veteran minister.

Dr. Shadrach is a fine specimen of the 'Welsh
people, of wdiom there htive been not a few highly

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SHAILER

1044

SIIAIIAJR

distinguislied iniiii.sturs in the StateufPeniisylvanin.
Ilfi was Ijurii ill Swaiisi.'a, Glaiiiorgaiihliii'O, Smilli
AVak's, Duo. 4, 1S04| and can)(! to Amurica, lantlinj:;
at I'ictoii, Nova Smitia, wlion iil'tc'cii years of aj!;e.
AI'tiT ,s|i(Mi(liMi; siuiic time in lialtiiiiiii'i', .Mil., In;
i-eiiiovcnl to I'oiinsvlvaiiia, and on the 'I'lA ol' .May,
lS2.i, was ba|)ti/.ed iiit(j the lejiow.ship of the Two
LieU IJaptist chiireh, Indiana Co., by llev. Thomas
JO. Thomas. He reecivi^d ordination Dec. 10, 182S,
and beeame pastor of thi; Mount Plea.sant Baptist
chiireii, Westmoreland Co. From this date to 1837
lie served with much aeeeptanee and signal sueeess
the ehiuelies of .Mount I'leasant, Loyulhannah,
Peters' Creelc, and Alleghany City. In 1837 he
settled with the Now Market Street church (now
Fourth) in Philadidphia.

-M'ter a service of more tlian three years he ac-
cepted the ageiK-y of the Pennsylvania 15aptist
State C!onventiuii (now the (Jeiieral A.ssociatioii),
and labored with great success for three years.
After a brief eonneetion with the <Jrant Street
church in Pittsburgh, he was called in 1844 to the
Fifth liaptist chureli, Philadelphia, where he re-
mained nntil 1847, resigning in order to devote
himself to the work of assisting to found the uni-
versity at Lewisburg. For six years he devoted
iiiniself with untiring energy and eniinent success to
this great undertaking. In \iiWi he was chosen cor-
responding secretary of the American IJaptist Pub-
lication Society, and Continued in this service until
.7uly, 18G(J. In that year he received the hoiujrary
degree of Doctor of Divinity from Madison Uni-
versity. In 1840, and also in 1841 and I84G, he
was elected moderator of the Philadelphia IJaptist
Association.

I'rdiii 18(10 to the present date Dr. Sliadraeh has
led an active life as a pastor of several important
churches, giving also portions of liis time to the
interests of tlu! denomination at large in labor for
the Publication Society and the univovsity. In a
serene old age he is still hoiKired as the devoteil
past'irof the chureli in the county-town of Indiana,
Pa. Long maj' the .sliades of night be deferreil I

Sliailer, Rev. Nathan Emery, son of Kev.

.Siuioii .Sluiiler, a slaueli, old time representative
Bajitist minister, who left an exf-ellent reconl in
lladdaiu. Conn., where he died, was born in llad-
<lam, June 17, 1803 ; studied in IJacon Academy,
Colchester, and became a teacher; converted under
the preaeliing of Kev. AVilliani Bentley ; com-
menced mercantile life, but yielded to the ministry;
studied theology at Hamilton, N. Y., under Dr.
Kendriek, with tlie inis.sionaries llaswcll and Vin-
ton as I'ellinv sludeiits ; ordained in New Britain,
Ooiiu., in the; autumn of 18l!',I, and remained three
years; in 1 S32 becaiin; pastor of the Baptist chuii-h
in (,'lii'slerlield, uliieli, with llie church ill AnUiii-
town, he served three years. He then settled with

the church in Preston, where ho had an unusually
happy and prosperous pastorate of eight years; in
1844 was chosen State missionary by tln^ Coniiee-
tieut Itaptist Slate Convention, wliicdi reapoiisible
position he lillcd with admirable tact, lidelity, and
success lor thirty yetirs, visiting annually all parts
of the State, and lalioring with feeble churches and
in destitute regions; held protracted meetings;
organized ciiurches ; aided ministers; collected
funds; and settled dilliculties. He was unwearied
in his devotion; genial and ready; an engaging
preacher; mighty in ]irayer; wise in council; pure
in doctrine and in life; kind to all, but lirm as a
rock for the truth ; the co-laborer of Cook, Denison,
Bailey, Steward, Ives, Swan, and Turnbull ; full
of honors and virtues as of years, he died July 10,
187'.), aged seventy-six.

Shailer, William H., D.D., "as born in Ilad-

dam. Conn., Nov. liO, 1N07. Having enjoyed sucli

wn.i.iAM u. sh\ii.i;k, d.d.

advantages as could bo secured in his native town
fi/r obtaining an education, he began to teach at
the early age of seveuleeii. His desire was to lit
himself eventually lor the profession of law, but
having become a hopeful Christian all his life-plans
at once underwent a change. lie was baptized into
the fellowship of the church in Deep Uiver, Conn.,
and soon after completed his preparatory studie.i
at Hamilton. He then entered Mailison liniversily,
anil graduated in the class of 183."). While juirsning
his studii^s at the Newton Tljeologic:il Institution
he was chosen principal of the Connecticut Literary
Institution at Sudield. He commenced his labors

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S I FA L L hJNB KR GER

1045

SJIA L L I'JNBKR GFAt

there in December, 1835, teaching during the weelt
iinil preaching oil the Sabhiitli. lie was onlaineil as
an evangelist at Deep Kiver, Conn., Kelj. 2(), ISod.
Having occupied the position to wliich he liad
been called in SullielJ I'or nearly two years, he ac-
cepted an invitation to become pastor of the Baptist
church in Hrookline, Mass., and began his ministry
there Sept. 1, 1S37. For si.xteen years and a halt' he
continued pastor of that church, though frequently
invited and urged to accept other and seeniiniily
iiioru important positions. During that period he
was connected with various deiioiiiinational organ-
izations,— was ten years secretary of the Massachu-
setts Haptist Convention, tliirteen years recording
secretary of the A luerican Baptist Missionary Union,
nearly eight years a member of the K.\ecutive Com-
mittee of the Union, and was connected with the
boards of .several other denominational institutions,
attending their meetings with gre;it regularity.

Ill March, 1854, Dr. Shailer became pastor of the
first Ba|)tist church in Portland, Me., a position to
wliich he had been invited twelve years before. In
IMfiS lie became the proprietor and editor o( Ziun'n
AdiHicale, of which paper ho was the publisher for
more than fifteen years, in addition to his pastoral
lalxn-s. His connection with the church in Port-
land continued for the unusually long period of
I weiity-three ami a half years. He resigned his
pastorate in 1877, his resignation taking effect
August 1 of tliat year. It thus appears that
Dr. Sliailer has h.ad but two settlements during
forty eonseeiitive years.

L)r. Shailer was a trustee of the Newton Theo-
logical Insfitutiiin from 1848, and of ('olh^' Uni-
versity from 18.").'). 'I'he honorary degree of Doctor
of Divinity was conferred upon him by Madison
University in 1853.

lie resided in Portland, active in various ways
in proniuting the cause of Christ and the interests
of the denomination to which he was so long at-
tacliiMl, and enjoyed the respect and coiilideiiee of
his brethren and friends until his death, which oc-
curred Feb. 23, 1881.

Shallenberger, Aaron T., M.D., ehhst son of

Aliram Sliallciibcrgcr, was liorii at JMouiit Pleasant,
Westmoreland Co., Pa., Feb. 20, 1825, and was
Ijapti/.ed into the fellowship of the Baptist chiireh
in 1812; stmlied medicine in the ollice of AV. C.
Ileiter, .M.D., of .Mount Pleasant, and graduated
at Jeil'orson Medical College, Philadidpliia, .March
20, 1840 i married Mi.sa Mary Bonbright, of
Voungstown, I'a., Sept. 1, 184(3; removed to
Uochi'ster, Pa., .(an. 7, 1847, where he lias since
resided ill the practice of his |irolession. He is a
member of thu Bapthst church at Koclu'ster and
[iresidiMit of its board of trustees, lie has \.r,-u
proiiiini'iit in the local and educational iiili ;i ~i>ol'
the county, a constant reader of general ami pro-

fessional literature, and especially interested in
scientific investigations and discoveries.

Shallenberger, Deacon Abram, was born in
17'.'7, of Swiss ancestry, lie wasbaptii^ed in early
manhood into (he fellowship of the Baptist (Jlinrch.
He married Rachel Newmycr, and settled in Jlount
Pleasant, Pa., where he carried on an extensive
liusiness for many years : was a constituent mem-
ber of the Mount Pleasant 15aptist church, and was
elected its first deacon in November, 1828, which
odice he filled until he removed to lieaver County
in 185G. He jiasseil away very suddenly in De-
cember, lS(i8, dropping dead while walking home
from church at New Brighton, Pa., where he had
greatly enjoyed a commnniun service.

Deacon Shallenberger was a man of great nat-
ural endowment, force of character, and informa-
tion. He found time for mneli study and general
reading. He was, indeed, mighty in the Scrip-
tures, and had a reason for the faith that was in
him. He was a terse and vigorous writer, eoiitrib-
iiting occasionally to the religious weeklies. He
was active in every good work, a shining light in
the church, a tender and affectionate husband and
father, universally esteemed for the purity and
probity of his character. He died in I'n; triumph
of the Christian's liO]ie.

His wife, a noble Christian woman, survived him
a year and a half, then fell asleep in .Jesus. Twelve
children were born to these parents, eight of whom
arc still living, all married, teaching (heir^children
the religion of Jesus.

Shallenberger, Hon. William S., was born at

M(aint Pleasant, Westmondand Co., Pa., Nov. 24,
1839; received his education at the university at
Lewisburg; was bajitized into the fellowship of
the .MiMint Pleasant Baptist church in 1857 ; en-
listed, ill August, 1802, in the 140th lleginient Pa.
Vols., in which he was afterwards np|iointeil a<lju-
taiit; was wouiuled slightly at Chiiiicellorsville,
and severely at (Jettysbuig and at the U'ikleriiess ;
was discharged from (he service on account of
wounds.

Since the war he has been active in business
pui'suits. He is a ileacon of the church at Koclies-
ter. He was the first president of the Beaver
County .Sumlay-School Institute. He has been
modeiator of the Pittsburgh Association for the
years IS77 and 1878, and he gained signal reputa-
tion for his judicious rulings. He was elected to
the Forty-fifth Congress in 1870, at the early age
of thirty-seven, from the twonty-fourth district of
Pennsylvania, and re-elected to the Forty-sixth
(Congress in 1878.

He married Josephine, daughter of Cen. Thos. J.
Power, of Hochester, in 1804.

A AVashiiigton journal represents him as yios-
scssiiig "a reputation for personal integrity that

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SIIANAFF.LT

1040

.SI HNS

has securoj for liiiii tlio osteeiu anil coiifiilencio of
liis peers, ;mJ liiis isiyeu him an intlucnci: willi tliti
various departments of the government that has
made liini one of the most useful members of the

HON. Wn.l.lAM S. SKAI.l.KMIKRGER.

House of Representatives. Tlicre is not, we ven-
ture the remark, a more industrious or piiinstalcinj;
njiiii ill (.'i)n;^rcss at this timi! tii'aii Mr. Shallen-
Lerj^ci', a more oliliging representative, or a more
upriglit Christian gentleman."

Shanafelt, Eev. A. H., passed from labor to the
rerii'shiiig lili'sseilni'ss and the unbroken rest of
lieuven in l.S7-"j. .Mi'. Shanafelt was a native of
l^ennsylvania, and he died when al)OUt forty years
of ai:e. lie had a vigorous eonstitnlion, and IuoUimI
as if designed by the (Creator for a long and ardu-
ous life.

He was ealled by the Spirit into the kingdom of
graec and peace in early life, and united with the
Methodist Chureh ; but lie soon learned tiie truth
more )icrfeetly about free-will and the oi'dinanee
of baptism, and he was immersed on a profession
of his liiitli. lie was a graduate of Lewisburg Uni-
versity. After labcn'ing in the interior of I'eunsyl-
vania, he settled in Chester in bStJT, when; his
olbjits were sanetioiu;d l)y the divine .Spii-it, and
where the laliorer was tenderly loved. Few men
enjoyed in a greater measure the conlidenee of iiis
brethren, and few men .so richly <leserved it.

Shannon, Rev. James, a distinguisln^d seholar,

a graduate of Belfast C(jllege, Ireland, who I'aim!
to Sunbury, (ia., to assist l>r. MeWhirr in tli"
ueademy. lie bceami; a candidate for tlnj ministry

among the Prcsliyterians, and for a trial thesis
was given the subject, " Did John's baptism belong
to tin; Jewish or (Christian dispensation?" His
examination of the snbjeet of liaptism led to Ins
becoming a Baptist, and he was bajitized by Rev.
C. 0. Screven, D.D., in IS'ili or 18123. He became
the successor of the elder 15rantly, as pastor of the
Augusta chnreli, in May, 1.S2G, and his pastorate
extended through threi; and a half years, his ac-
ceptance of the professorship of Ancient Languages
in the State University, at Athens, causing his
resignation. During liis |iastorate — in the year
1827 — there was a powerful revival in the church
at Augusta, and Mr. Shannon baptized many, who
became faithful and useful chureh menibers. AVhile
at Athens, he was instrumental in the organization
of the Baptist church in that city, on the 31st (jf
Januin-y, \S'Ai), and was elected |iastor on the 20tli
of .March following. This ridation existed until
IM!.'), when he removed to Missouri, and became
president of Williaui Jewell tVillegi; in 18-1-1 or
1S4;J. He dieil about iNfi^. He was a man of great
zeal, an unblemished reputation, and line scholar-
ship ; but lie became somewhat erratic before his
death, and jiiined the " (Jampladlites."

Shans, Mission to the. — The Shans, with their
kindred races, are spread over a large territory uf
liuriiiali, and are found in great numbers in Siam,
Cochin China, Assam, and the adjacent countries.
As far back as l.S.'id thoy were supposed to be ten
times-as numerous as the IJurmese. Their general
oharaoter is regarded as much superior to that of
the Burmans. In r<digion they are suppused to be
Buddhists. The spiritual wants of this widely
scattered people attracted the attention of the
IVieiids of missions in this cnuntry more than forty
years since, but eoni))aratively little was dune to
save theiu until IS:")',). Kev. M. II. Bixby, who had
lieen a missionary among the Burinans and 'I'alings,
was ajipointed to the new field of labor among the
Shans. The most encouraging indications met. .Mr.
Bixby from the very outset of his work. Having
made Toungoo his headipnirters, he commenced to
ju'eaeh and make himself better acquainteil with
the language, and many in(]uirers came to him to
learn of Jesus. The lirst highly raised expecta-
tions were not met. Various causes conspired to
hinder the progress of the work. In 1SG3 the
pros])ect seemed more encouraging. Conversions
occurred, and the belief was strengthened that the
blessing of heaven would largely rest on tin; labors
of the missionaries. C>u Sumbiy, the 'J2d of May,
bSlid, Mr. Bixby baptized lifty-tivc converts ina deep
gorge between two mountains, on the sides of which
were two villages of the Shans. At the end of four
years' work ho reports one hundred baptisms loid
■ the foriinition of three churidies. The constant
I labor of so many years at last so undermined the

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^HAh'l'

1047

SHARP

lu-alth (iT Mr. Uixl)y tliuL lie rutiiriKMl lo tlio Uiiiti'cl
SUiti's ill lli(' siniiiMi;!- of ISGfS, anil tin: i-.'ii'e (il' tin;
iiii.s-iion iIi'VdIvi'iI (m Jlcv. Mr. t'liNliiu^, wliu was
joiiiod liy lU'V. K. \K Kullcy in llin ^|ll•irl^ of lcS72.
iMr. anil Mrs. t'lisliiuj; returned to their native
euutitry in 187'). Ihiriiig tlio alwonee ol\.Mr. (Jnsli-
in^ the mission to the Shans was jiuh in uluirj;e ol'
liev. I\lr. lOveleth. On liis retiiiMi, in tliu hitter
part of 1877, Mr. f'nshinLj; estaljlished a new .station
in Upper 15nrniah, at JShaino, where lie eonid come
in ooiitact with many of the Slums, lie was hope-
ful of n'oo.l results Irom hi.s labors.

Sharp, Daniel, D.D., was an Knglishman by
birth, the plaee of his nativity being lludderstield,

nA.MKi. sii.Mii', D.n.

in the county of York, lie was Ijorn Dec. 2r>, 1783.
From his pious ]iarents he received a religious
education, and always spoke of them in terms of
the highest aftection. Having become a hnpcfnl
Christian, ho joined a Congregational church, but
a change in hi,s sentiments having taken place as
to the proper mode and snlijects of baptism, he
united with a liaptist church. Turning his atten-
tion to mercantile pursuits, ho was sent to this
country as the business agent of a largo firm in
Yorkshire. (In reaching New York, in the autumn
of 1805, he idenliti.'il himself at once with the
chunli under the pastoral idiarge of Kev. .John
AVilliaiiis. in the social mecting.s of the church be
developed Kiicli gift.s at public speaking, and shdwed
Bucli a love for the work to wliicb ho deviitrd the
energies of his life, that it was the conviction iil'
ills brethreu that he ought to )irepare for the f'bri.-,-

tian ministry. .\fler deliberating iirayerfully over
the matter, he decided to obey what seemed tn be a
call from the iMaster, and willmut delay put him-
self under the careful irainiiig of the Kev. William
.Slaughlon, l).l)., of Philadelphia, and received or-
diiuition -May 17, \SW, as pastor of the Baptist
church in Newark, N. •!. For nearly tliriM? years
he occupied this position, when lii> was invited to
take the ))astoral charge of the Charles Street
church in IJoston. The services of his recognition
took place April 20, 1812.

The great executive talents of Dr. Sharp found
a larger development and a wider sphere within
which to e.xercise themselves when ho was thus
transferred to the ineti'opolis of New England.
Dr. IJaldwiii and others nf kindled spirit were
laying the foundation and enlaiging the usefulness
of organizations wliicli have since become a power
for great guild in tlie denomination. He interested
liiiiiself in these various organizations. Fur a
liuiiilier of years be was one of the editors of the
Ameiicnn Jiiijilis/ Mdijaziiit: Tlie intelligenee that
Uev. .'Messrs. Judsoii and liice liad become liaptists
and had thruwn tlieiiiselvi;s on the sym|iatliy and aid
(d' the churches stirred all the generous impulses of
liis susceptible nature, and he was among the fore-
most and the most earnest of his brethren to re-
spond to tlie call made upon the benevolence of the
deniuniiiatinn. In April, 1814, the (ieiieral (J.n-
vention of the Baptist denomination in the United
States was formed. Almost from the outset he \vas
one of its ofiicers, and for many years ]iresidcnt
of its acting board. Upon the formatiun of the
American Baptist Missionary Union he was chosen
its first president, a distinction which showed in
wliat estimation he was held by his lirethren.

Dr. Sharp was a warm friend of every movement
wdiich looked to the e<lucation of the ministry.
With others he took the incipient steps which ve-
sulted in the formation of the Northern Baptist
Fducation Society. The Newton 'J'heological In-
stitution i'ljiind in him a stanch supporter. For
eighteen yi-ars he was the president of its board of
trustees. Ilis long pastorate of the Charles Street
chundi, extending from April, 1812, to June, 1853,
made him sii well known in Boston that his straight,
eomiiianding form and dignified bearing were held
in remembrance by citizens of all classes and de-
nominationsjong aflei' he had passed away.

Dr. Sharp was eminently conservative in bis
tastes nn<l habits. His lonir experience and wide
observation made him suspicious of tlie porinanent
I'esults of those spasinudic religious movements
wliiidi stir wdiole communities friim their profound-
est depths. He was a believer in the worth of
steady, every-day work, and he thought more of
harmoniously developed, well-rounded Christians
than of those wdiose zeal so often outruns a wise

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SNA VER

1048

SUA w

iliscrL'tion. In tlie city of his adoption he was
kiiuu'ii and respectud as IVwv olerj^ynii^n of any de-
niJiiiiiuitioii wiM'o in liis day. l5rown University
lionuvrd him liy niaklnj^ him a I'Vdlow of her cor-
poration, and in ISll liy conlVu-rini; upon him tho
honorary degree of Master of Arts, and in 1828
that of Doctor of Divinity. lie \va*i one of not
more tlian ei^^lit or ten IJaptist ministers in tlie
country wlio liave received this latler dej^ree from
Harvard University, which conferred it ujion him
ill 184.3, at a time wlicn lie was a member of its
hoard of overseers. lie left lichind him a stain-
less Ciiristian reputation and an honored memory
as a minister of that gospel which lu; preached for
more tlian forty years.

Shaver, David, D.D., late editor of the Chris-
tian Indtx, and for years editor of the Ueligioiis

DAVIU SllAVKR, n.ij.

Ilendd, of Kii.dimond, Va., was horn in -Vhingdon,
Va., of Presbyterian parents, in November, 182t).
He professed religion early in life, but was not
permitted to unite with a church. At sixteen he
joined the Methodist Protestant Church, and was
lieen.sed to preach, and entered tlie itinerant min-
istry when nearly twenty, in connection with the
Virginia Annual Conference. Previous to that
time he had r(;a<l theology one year ; subsequently
he devoted three years to the study of theology,
suspending the active discharge of ministerial
functions for the purpose.

In November, 1844, he adofited Baptist senti-
ments openly, afti.'r mature investigation, aril uas
baptized at liynchburg by Uev. James C. <'loptoii,

and was ordained to the ministry of tlu^ Baptist do-
noinination. In. June, 184.'), lu^ bcicaiiie pastoroftho
Lynchburg liaptist cliurcli, where he reiii;i.ined until
called to succeed Dr. .Fas. H. Taylor as pastor of
the Grace Street ehiirch, Kichmond, \'a., in October,
184G. At the end of two years, on account of throat
disease, he was compelled to accept an agency for
the Domestic Mission IJoard of the Southern Bap-
tist Convention. Again entering the miuistr)', he
served the Baptist church at Hampton, Va., from
1853 to 1857, when he became editor of the Udigioiis
Ilciald, which he held until the surrender of Uich-
niond. In 18G7 he went to Atlanta, Ga., to assume
the editorship of thi; Ciiristian Index, from which
position he retired in 1874. He then took charge
of the Third Baptist church in Augusta. In 1878
he was elected professor in the colored theological
seminary, now in Atlanta, which jiosition he still
holds. This institution is maintained by the
American Baptist Home ^lission Society, and was
removed I'rom Augusta to Atlanta in 1879.

Dr. Shaver is one of the finest scholars in the
South, and possesses a mind of extraordinary acute-
ness. As a sormonizer he perhaps has no superior,
and his acijuaintance with the whole range of theo-
logical investigation renders him perfectly at home
on any subject, and entitles his opinions to the
highest respect. He is a most polished writer and
an excellent editor. Of unquestionable piety ami
surpassing abilities, he would be fitted to adorn any
ministefial position were it not for the failure of his
voice, by which his usefulness as a public speaker
is impaired.

Shaw, Benjamin F., D.D., was liorn in Gor-

ham. Me., (Jet. 2G, 181o. He fitted for college at
the academy in Yarmouth, Me,, and pursued his
ciillcgiate studies atWaterville and Dartmouth Col-
leges, graduating from the latter in the class of
18u7. He spent one year at the Newton Theulogi-
cal Institution. His ordination occurred March
16, 1843. He has been pastor of the churches in
(^liina, 'I'honiaston, and Waterville, I\Ie. The state
of his health has obliged him during his life to re-
tire altogether at times from ministerial work and
devote himself to more active pursuits. In <liff'cr-
ent sections of his native State he has performed
missionary labor among feeble churches, and been
successful in promoting revivals of religion. Colby
University, of which he is a trustee, conferred on
him the degr(_'e of Doctor of Divinity rn 187-.

Shaw, Rev. J. F., editor of the Baptist Index,
]iublislii-d at TexarUaiia, Ark., was born in Gi'orgia
in 1845; was ordained in jVlahama in 18C0; after
filling important positions in North Alabama came
to Arkansas and founded tin; Arkadelphia Baptist
High Scdiool, and supplied the church in that place
two years; in 187'J traveled as Slate ('vauijidist ;
in 188U began the puldieation of the llniili.'^l Index.

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10-1'J

stih:M;i)0\vx

Shaw, Rev. John, was bom in Seotlmui ill
179G, iuid converted tliero in 1.S12; emigrated to
Pi-iiice J'Mwiird Island in 181'J, and was baptized
there iiy Rev. 'I'. S. llardint; in 1S,'J2; ordained at
Three Rivers. Oct. N, US32. Mr. Sliaw evan.i^el-
ized nincli, and with great suecoss, jiartiouUtrly in
Cape liretiiii I.-land. He died Jniie 4, 1871*.

Shaw University. — This .school had its origin
in tlie forniatidii of a theological class of freediiieii
in the old (Juiun Hotel, now the National Hotel,
ill the city of Kalcigh, N. C, Dec. I, 1SG5, and
taught by Itev. II. .M. Tupper, of Massachusetts,
in the employ of the American Baptist Ilome Mis-
sion Society of New York. The following year it
wa.s removed to a large wooden Imilding, corner
of Blount and Cabarrus Streets, where it continued
as the Raleigh Institute till 1870. Some 2(K)0 men,
women, and children were enrolled on the books
of the institute liom its coiiiiiiencement. In 1870
the Barriiiger |iroperty was bought for §15,000.
In 1872 tlie Sli.aw building was liiiislied and i'ur-
nished, at a cost of ?15,000, and in 187-i the Esty
Ijuilding, a school fur girls, was completed, at a
cost of $2.5,0tH). Mr. Shaw, of Wales, Mass., from
whom the school is naiiii.'d, has been one of its
largest benefactors, having given $8000 towards
the original purchase, and the erection of the Shaw
building. Towards the erection of the Esty build-
ing tiie J. Esty Company, of Rrattleboro', Vt., gave
$8000; George JI. iMorse, of Putnam, Conn., gave
$2000; $,5000 were -raised by the North Carolina
Jubilee Singers, and various persons in the North
gave smaller sums. About $3000 a year have been
spent in the erection and furnishing of buildings
since 1S70, from money saved out of the receipts of
the school. From 1870 to 1874 about 000 pupils
attended, and the selii<(jl was known as the Shaw
Institute. In 1875 the school was incorporated as
the Shaw University. In 1879 the university hall
was completed, at a cost of about $0000, all the
money, e.\eept $0.00, having been saved from tuition
and the boarding department. The number of
pupils enrolled from 1875 to 1880 is 900.

At a recent meeting of the board of trustees a
separate theological course was established Ajr ad-
vanced students, also a medical department, which
will go into elleet Nov. 1, 1881. Funds to erect a
medical dormitory, and also a necessary medical
building, have recently been received, and this de-
partment will be known as the Leonard Medical
School, named in hmior of the largest donors, the
Leonard family, of which family iMrs. Tupper, the
wife of the president, is a member.

The students (lay annually, for board and tui-
tion, about $6000 in cash and $2000 in work.

'I'he school has five departments, — normal, .scien-
tific, collegiate, theological, and medical.

It will be seen that the property has cost more
67

than $70,000, and that great good has been done,
and will be accomplished, by its establishment,
and it is proper to say, that while much credit is
due to the friends who have so generously aided it,
its success is still more largely due to the energy,
business talents, faith, and perseverance of Rev. II.
M. Tupper, the founder and president of the uni-
versity.

The students in 1880, of both sexes, numbered
277; these wore under the care of fifteen instruc-
tors.

Sheardown, Rev. Thomas Simpson, was bon,

Nov. 4, 1791, in the County of Lincoln, England ;
baptized in the fall of 1812, settled in the United
States, October, 1820, and was ordained in Decem-
ber, 182S.

The field occupied by this eminent servant of
Christ was in Northern Pennsylvania and South-
ern New York. Almost his entire ministry was
spent on horseback, gathering churches in new
settlements. Necessarily such a field, in its rough-
ness and great privations, involved much self-de-
nial. But rewards follow great sacrifices, and are
correspondingly great. Revival succeeded revival.
Churches were organized, and others built up.
The number baptized by his own hands exceeded
1400, while many others, converted under his
labors, received baptism at the hands of jjastors in
whose churches he labored as an evangelist. With
the single e.xception of the Troy church, in Brad-
ford Co., Pa., he never settled over a church formed
by other men's labors, llis public life covered
more than half a century, and, to the very last of
his long career, both old and young were deeply
attached to him, and evini venerated him. His
name had become a household wonl in the entire
field he occupied, and Father Sheardown's advice
almost became a law.

The writer well remembers the earliest and the
latest impressions made n|ion his own mind in lis-
tening to his earnest and glowing utterances.
Traveling from Hamilton Seminary, N. Y., into
Pennsylvania, during a vacation, he reached the
waters of Crooked Creek, in Tioga Co., Pa. Dusty,
footsore, and discouraged beyond measure, he halted
at a country house, where a crowd had assembled
in the afternoon of a very hot day. Father Shear-
down was preaching. The theme of his sernuin
was the familiar words, " Clirist is all and in all."
Never can he forgot the glow of his countenance as
he held spellbound his rustic congregation. Every
eye seemed suffused with tears.. The writer forgot
dust, heat, soreness of feet, and discouragements in
the entrancing picture he drew of the moral worth
of Christ, and each nnin's need of such a Christ.
Years after, on his dying bed, he said to him, " Do •
you recollect the sermon you preached on Ci-ookcd
Creek when the writer was but a boy?" He re-

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.1, 'I, '\ }:!'''. ,)I)l>i((l 'lU .1»lr'j

SHEDDKN

1050

SHELDON

ferred liim to the text. " No ; not tlio sermon," he
replieil, '"but tlie theine. Why, that suppoi'teJ nie
lonj; before.. It has ever sinee, and never more than
now, while on this bed, a mere wreck on the siiore
of time. 'Christ /s rt'/." I'reaeii it, hrotlier !" In
such a spirit lived aiid<lied this man of power witli
(Jod, and this prinee among ]]reaeher.s. I^et tiie
pulpits continue the blessed theme, "Christ is all
and in all."

Sheclden, Capt. James, whose memory is dear
to the IJaplists of Western Pennsylvania, was born
in the County of Derry, Ireland, April 27, l.S.'j^!.
lie belonged to a .Sooteh-lrish family whieh for
generations had held hi;;li positiims in tlu! liritish
army. His father having removed to this eoiintr}'.
died wlien James was yet young, thus thi'owing
him upon his own resources. His ea^y years were
spent in the unsettled life of a riverman, and vet
amid the busy scenes of steam and gunboat service
the teachings of a pious'mother were not forgotten.
In later and more settled life these instructions
resulteil in liis conversion. In the year 187j lie
was baptized, and entered into fellowship witli the
First Baptist church of Sharpsburg, Alleghany Co.,
Pa.

His life knew no idleness. At his death he held
various offices,— deacon, trustee, church clerk, treas-
urer, and superintendent of the Sabbath-school.
In the Association ho also held the office of treas-
urer and assistant clerk. At the same time he was
honored in being vice-president and a director of the
Pittsburgh Baptist Social Union, llis fellow-citi-
zens also honored him by his election as a school
director, and by constituting him burgess of Ktna
IJorongh. Capt. Sheddon died suddenly Aug. 23,
187S. His prayer has been answered, that when it
should please the L(n-d to take him into rest the
community might be all the better for his havijig
lived among them.

Sheffield, Rev. Charles Smith, was born at

Jewett City, New Lundon C i., Ilonn., Oct. 13, 1833.
He. was baptized into the fellowship of the Butter-
nuts Baptist ehurcli, Gilbertsville, Otsego Co.,N. Y.,
April 24, 1853 ; prepared for college at Gilberts-
ville Academy and Collegiate Institute ; entered
"the Freshman class of the University of Rochester,
Sept. 10, ISoG, and graduated July II, 1800; en-
tered Bochester Theological Seminary, Sept. 13,
ISGO, and graduated July 2, 1863 ; received a
unaniiijous call from the church at Newfane,
Niagara Co., N. Y., and was ordained at Newfane,
Oct. 1, I8C3, Bev. K. 0. Uobinson, D.D., LL.D.,
preacliing the sermon. December, 1800, resigned
the pastorate at Newfane, on account of throat dis-
ease, and in the following spring beoami! teaelicr of
natural sciences in Bufl'alo Central Sch..iil, where
be taught about four and a half years. In August,
1871, removed to Kansas City, where he taught,

with an interval of one year, for a (leriod of seven
years, most of the time as priucdpal of tlie Kansas
City High School. On July 1, 1878, he became
superintendent of public schools at Atchison, Kan-
sas, and serviMl in that capacity lor two years. Iti
August, ISSd, became president of Pierce City Bap-
tist Collegii, of l'i<:rce City, Mo. Since resigning
the ])ast(n-ute he has preached occasionally for
various churches, acting as pastor of the Pleasant
Grove Baptist church from January, 1874, for one
year, and supplying the Ottawa Baptist church for
some months.

Sheldon, Clisson P., D.D., was born in lier-
nardslown, Mass., May '.), bsl3; |jiirsued acadc'mic
studies at Hamilton, N. Y., until conip(dU'd by
diseased eyes to discontinue ; ordained pastor at
Whitesborough. Oct. 21, 1830, when' ho remained
seven years. He then re-entered Madison Univer-
sity, where he graduated in 1840. During the
year 184.0 he served as pastor of the First church,
Ilaiailton, N. Y. Upon his graduation he settled
with the Niagara S<|imre church, BuU'alo, which he
served until, in I8.i4, he became a second time
pastor in Hamilton. In ISfjl) be accepted a call to
the Fifth Street church, Troy, N. Y., wdiich church
he served nearly twenty years, during which it
grew in numbers and inlUience until it has become
a leading church in the State. Nov. 1, 1875, tit
the request of the American Baptist Home Mission
Society, he closed his pastorate at Troy and l>eoame
district secretary of the society for New York and
Northern New Jersej'.

His life has been that of a preacher and pastor.
lie has written, however, a number of excellent
articles for newspapers and reviews, among them
an " Historical Sketch of the Baptist Missionary
Convention of the State of New York." He has
fre([uently served the State Convention as corre-
sponding secretary, as a member of its board, and
as president. Ho has baptized 702 persons. Ho
is a hard worker at whatever he undertakes, and a
mau of fine judgment. He is eminently qualified
for the important ollice be now tills. He still re-
sides at Troy, and is honored as one of its most
worthy citizens.

Sheldon, D.Henry, was bom in Union Village,
Washington Co., N. Y., in March, 1830, At the
age of fourteen he was baptized into the fellowshi]]
of the Prattskill Baptist church of that place, Dr.
Isaitc Woscott being the pastor. In the be;.'inning
of his course of stuily ho was prepared at Boches-
ter for West Point, but that purpose having been
changed, he removed to Racine, Wis., in 1849,
where he went into business. Still having his
mind upon study, he returned to Rochester in
1854, and entering the Sophomore class in the
university, gradmited in 1S57. Having chosen a
business career, he -went first to St. Louis, where

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SII ELTON

lO".

Nil ELTON

he WHS L'li^iitrod in succiossriil )iursiiits of tliiit
naturu until ISGI. At tliiit date lie removed to
(Jliicagd, wliicli luis sincu been iiis lioiiiu. Mr.
Slieldon was one of tlie first to enlist in the work
of founding a theological seminary at Chieago, was
one of the earliest ehosen on the board of trustees,
and during the whole history of-the institution has
been one of its inlluential, generous, and judieious
friends. His donations in money have amounted
to SlU,UOO ; besides whieh he gave SliO.tlOO more in
property. In other relations Mr. Sheldon has been
known during his resi<lence in Chicago as a devout
Christian and tlie zealous friend of every good
cause.

Shelton College is located at St. Albans, in
Kanawha Co., W. Va., on the Chesapeake and
Ohio Jtailroad. Steps preliniiiuiry to its establish-
luent were taken liy the Teays' VIHley and Guyan-
dotte Associations in 1871. It was first called
Cualsmouth High School. Rev. J. C. Rice was the
first president, aTul Rev. B. Cade tlie first financial
agent. Rev. P. IJ. Reynolds was elected principal
of the school in lS7li. A building for the institu-
tion was begun in 187;i, and tlie first regular ses-
.sion of the school comnieneed Oct. 1, lS7y. An
effort was made in 187G to raise an endowment of
ii50,()()0, and J{ev. W. P. Walker acted as agent,
but owing to the stringency of the times and other
causes the effort had to be abandoned after securing
S4000 or S'lOOO.

In consideration of gifts by Mr. T. JI. Shelton,
iimountiiig to about $10,000, the name was changed
to Shelton College. The institution owns property
worth fn.ni Slfi.OOO to $20,000, and after a hard
struggle of ten years is nearly out of debt, and
ready to begin the work for which it was estab-
lished.

The course of instruction in the college comprises'
mathematics, modern and ancient languages, and
sciences. Each department is a distinct, comjilete
school in itself, under a competent head, with
necessary assistants. There is also a })racticul Bib-
lical course for the special benefit of theological
students. A number of very useful young preach-
ers have been educated at this school.

Shelton, William, D,D„ son of James and
Nancy Shelton, was bm-n in Smith Co., Tciin.,
July 4, 1824. In his youth he attended the coni-
mon schools of the country, in the vicinity of his
Iioine, until he acquired the rudiments of a common-
school education. In tlie fourteenth year of his
age he entered a high school, then taught at Big
Spring, ^V'ilson Co., Tenn., where he commenced
the study of Latin, Greek, and mathematics.

In bis seventeenth year he entered the Junior

.class of the University of Nashville. AVhiie a

student in that institution lie made a profession

of religion, and joined the First Baptist cliurch of

Nashville, and was baptized by Rev. 11. 15. C.
Howell, D.I)., tlien pastor of the church, and was
soon afterwiirds licensed to preach. In 1843 he
graduated from the University of Nashville, in his
nineteenth year. He next became a student, in
1844, in the theological department of Madison
University, N. Y., from which he graduated in
1840.

Imniediately after his graduation he was cabled
to the pastoral care of the Bajjtist church in Clarks-
ville, Tenn. Having accepted the call, he was or-
dained to the work of the gospel ministry ; the
Presbytery consisting of Rev. R. B. C. Howell,
D.D., Rev. Samuel Baker, D.I)., Rev. Reuben
Ross, Rev. Robert Williams, and Rev. R. W.
Ni.'ion.

In 1850 he resigned the care of the church ii\
Clarksville, and accepted the jirofessorship of
Greek and Theology in Union University, Mur-
freesborough, 'i'enn.

In 1851 he acce|ited the pastorate of the Baptist
churcii in that place, pcrforining the double work
of pastor and teacher. He continued in tliese posi-
tions till 1855, when he was (dfered the presi-
dency of Brownsville Female College, and was
called to the pastorate of the Baptist churcli in that
place. Having accepted these ollices he removed,
and entered upon his work. Under his pastoral
care the church was greatly enlarged and strength-
ened, and under his administration the college
grew to be one of the largest and most flourishitig
schools of the South up to the civil war.

Immediately after the close of the war he was
elected president of West Tennessee College, Jack-
son, Tenn. Having accepted the position, he re-
moved with his family to that city. He succeeded
during the four following years in liuilding up
that institution to a high degree of efficiency and
success. In ISG'J he resigned the presidency of
A\^est Tennessee College. In 1873 he became
financial agent and Professor-elect of Moral and
Intellectual Philosophy in the University of Nash-
ville.

At the organization of the Southwestern Baptist
Universit)', in 187(3, he was elected its first presi-
dent.

In 1878 ho was elected president of Fwing Col-
lege, 111., and has snoceoded in imparting to it a
high degree of ])rosperity. His home is still near
Nashville, Tenn., six miles from the city.

Dr. Shelton is regarded a.s a fine educator, and a
good and useful prcichor, as was demonstrated in
his pastorate at Brownsville, 'I'enn., when large ac-
cessions were made to the church. At one ))ro-
tracted meeting, in which the writer assisted, be-
tween sixty and seventy were added. His son,
Wm. Shelton, Jr., has entered upon the ministry,
and bids fair to make a useful preacher.

,)

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SIfl)PMW

1052

SHFA'l'ARD

Shepard, Rev. Samuel, M.D., w^is lioni in
Siilisljui'y, Miiss., June 2-, ITH'J, He .stiidii'd iiiedi-
cinu, and |ii\u-tisod liis |iio(e.-.,siun ;it 15i-ont\voi)d,
N. II., and rose to distinetion as a ))liybician. Tlie
])eiai.sal of " Noreott on liaptism" led to a ella^^e
of sentiments, and lie lel't the Congregational
Chiireli and eonnecUed liiiMseH' witli the liaptisls.
Jtov. IlezeUiali Sniitli, of llaveidiill, bajiti/.ed liini
in June, 1770, and, soon al'tei- his pnlilie iiKjIi'ssion
of faith in Christ, W bc^an to preaeli. Within a
year tliree small chuiThes were I'ormeil in three
different but neighboring towns, and he was in-
vited to take the jiastoral oversight of them. The
number of membi;rs in the tliree cluirehes was
small. Dr. Sln^pard acce|ited the invitation, and
was ordained at Stratham, N. II., Sept. 25, 1771.
Blessed with a good physieal constitution, and
more than ordinary intellectual ability, he was
lible to accomplish a huge amount of ministerial
work, and was instrumental in advancing the in-
terests of religion over a wide extent of country.
In the double olliee of minister and physician, he
came in cimtact with a large number of families,
and, literally, looked after the cure of both soul
and body. As illustrating the character of his
work, and the success which followed his labors,
we quote an extract found in Sprague's " Annals,"
from a letter written by Dr. Shcpanl to Jlev. Isaac
Backus in 17S1 :

" Some hundreds of souls arc hopefully con-
verted in the qnunties of Rockingham, Slraffiu'd,
and Grafton, in New Hampshire, withiii a year
past. In the last journey I nnule before my be-
loved wife was taken Iroiu me, I baptized seventy-
two men, wonu;n, and some that may properly be
called children, who confessed with their mouths
the salvation ( iod had wrought in their hearts to
good satisf iction. I ba|itized forty-three in the
town of Meredith in one day, and such a solemn
weeping of the multitude on the shore I never
before saw. Tho ordinance of ba|)tism ap|>cared
to carry universal conviction through them, even
to a man." lie then goes on to describe the great
lilessing which had followed the outpouring of the
S|)irit in dillerent towns in New Hampshire, and
tho glorious results in tho formation of seven Bap-
tist elmrches within a |)eri(]d of about om; year, and
closes by saying, " 'I'liere appears to be a general
increase of the Baptist ])ri]ioiples through all the
eastern parts of New Kngland."

Dr. Shepard was a nnin of rare executive abil-
ity, and ado|itod a plan with vefcvenco to churches
gathered in a sparsely .settled country wortliy of
imitation in seetiims similarly situated. Ilis own
home was where he coirimcneed his ])rofession;il life
a,s a physician, — Brentwood. Of the Baptist church
in this place he was the pastor, and had tin' over-
sight of several other ehurches which were branches

of the Brentwood church. In the best sense of the
word he was a bishop without Kpiscopal consecra-
tion. We are told that " in his active days he was
accustomed to visit all these churches, nniking a
circuit of about two hundred miles; and tliey all
looked u|) to him with grateful and reverential
regard."

Dr. Shejiard was the author of several works,
which had considerable circulation at tlie time of
their publication. These wm-e '' A Scriptural In-
quiry respecting the Ordinance of ^Vat<'r Biip-
tism," " A Ueply to Several Answers in Defense
of this Inquiry," '' A Sciiptural Inquiry concern-
ing what the Friends or Quakers call S|iiritual
liaptism, being an Answer to a Work published by
IMoses Brown, of Providence, B. I.," "Tho Princi-
ple of Universal Salvation examined and trieil by
the Law and the Testimony," " An Examination
of Elias Smith's two Pamphlets, respecting Original
.Sin, the Death Adam was to die the Day lie eat
of the Forbidden Fruit, and the Final Annihilation
of tho Wicked."

In Sprague's "Annals" we find one or two inci-
dents which are worth preserving, as illustrative
of the character of the sulijeet of this sketch ; "He
was a man of extraordinary presence, and could
almost by a look exert great power over other
minds. On one oceasiiui he was called to visit a
sull'ering woman, a member of iiis church, whose
husliaud, wealthy but ])enurious, did not allow his
family necessary coml'urts. After calling for dil-
feri'Ut things, and licing told there were none in
the house, Dr. .Shepard rose upon his feet, indig-
nantly stamped upon the floor, and said, " INIr. ,

do you go at once and tackle your horse, and pur-
chase tlie articles, and a tea-kettle." The man
started as if electrified with terror, and obeyed the
command, to the great comfort of his sick wile.

No man in the history of the Baptist denomina-
tion in New Hampshire stands out more promi-
nently to our view than Dr. Shepard. His death
occurred at Brentwood, Nov. 4, 181.5.

Sheppard, Eev. Joseph, was born in Green-
wich, \. J,, .laii. '.t, l7iS(). He was the son of a re-
spectable farmer. At the age of eighteen he at-
tended Dr. Staughton's school at Burlington. He
united with the IJurlington church May 1, 1S04,
was licensed to preach May 4, 1805, and, after
studying a little longer with Dr. Stiiughton, he en-
tered the University of Penn-sylvania, where he
graduitted in 1808. He was ordained pastor at
Salem, N. J., April I'.l, l.SO'.l, by Wm. Staugliton,
D.D., Wm. Rogers, D.D., and Rev. Henry Smalley.
He labored hard and suceesb fully there for more
than twenty years, baptizing many. In ISL'U he
became pastor at Mmuit Holly ; he also supplied
Jlarlton every third Sabbath, and taught a iirivato
school. Six years of this work wore upon his

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SIIK/i'MKll

1053

suhnnvoov

lioiiltli, ;iMil lie \v:is oblijiod to j;ivu up tlio pastor-
uto, l)iit lie sii|i|ilii'(l <j|iiiri.:li('s as liis strcii^^tli \ii.T-
luillril, ami cn^agiMl in (^vani^oliHtii; labur. On
\)rt:. '.I, ISDS, lit! iiroaoliod at l'('nil)Oi'ton tlii'uc
times, anil walked several miles visiting tlio sick.
On 'rnesilay lie reaeluM.l his lionie, and was taken
willi a|iOiilexy, from w liifli lie died on 'I'liiirsday.
I'reaeliiii^ was iiis deliglit, and he \vas very I'ond
of iiistruetiiig yiuitli. He was raitlil'iil, kind, and
beliived.

Shermer, Rev. Henry B., was a native of
Philadelphia, J'a., who graduated at Madison Uni-
versity in 1S50, and from Koehester 'I'heologieal
.Seminary in 1S52. lie went as a missionary to the
liassa trilie in Afriea in 1S52, hut fell a victim to
the African fever, and was iililiged to retui'ii to this
eoiiiilry in lsr)4. 'i'liounh in bnikeii health, he
served the church at Newlon, N. •!., I'ur four years,
and at Sehooley's Mountain, N. J., for five years.
He died in triumph there on March 122, lMi9.

Sherwood, Adiel, D.D,, a most distinguished
minister and educator, a man of remarkable piety,

Aiiir.r, snr:iiwooi>, n.n.

xeal, humility, and learning, was born at Fort Ed-
ward, N. Y., Oct. ?,. 17'.)|. He died at St. Louis,
Mo., Aug. IS, l.ST'J, when lie had nearly coiii|)letcd
his eighty-eighth year. II is father was a momber of
tile New York Legislalure, a Kevulutionary soldier,
and a personal friend of CJeii. \Vashington, whom
he had the pleasure of entertaining twice after in-
depeudenee was secured.

Adiel iSherwood studied three years in Middle-
bury College, and then, after an honorable dismissal,

entered Union College, Seliencetady, in ISIO, and
was graduated in f^l7. The Ibllowiiig fall he en-
tered Andover 'I'heidogical Sriinnary, remaining
one year. lie tli'ii v.'Ciit to (iiiirgia fi^r his health,
where lie resivled for many years, taking his place
side by side with Abrain Marshall. Jesse Mercer,
Henry Holcombe, \\ illiam T. r>iantl\', Sr., Gov.
Ilabun, Charles J. Jenkins, Gov. I,iiiiipkin, 'I'homas
Stocks, 15. M. Sanders, and. a host of others who
built up the Baptist denomination in that State
and gave it tone and direc^tion. Entering at once
upon evangidiNtic labors, he became one of the
foremost workers in the State. In 1S2I) he, through
the clerk, offereil a resolution which led to the for-
mation of the (leorgia Baptist Convention in 1S22.
In 1H23 he attended the Triennial Convention, in
^Vasllington <^ity, and introduced a resolution urg-
ing iill the States to form Conventions, which was
aceomplished in a few years. Ho was, also, one
of the I'ounders of the American and Eoreign Bible
Society.

His pastorates in Georgia were many, his first
being that of Bethloheni, near i;e.\iiigton. It was
at tlie re(|uest of the Bethlehem church that he was
ordained in .March, 1S20, at Bethesda, Greene (!o.,
Mercer, Beeves, Roberts, and Matthews forming
the I'resbytery. Afterwards, during a period of
many years, extending to 18()5, most of wdiieh time
was spent in Georgia, he was the pastor of many
churches in the State, a mere list 011I3' of which can
bo given: Ereemau's (Ireek, (Marke Co.: Grcens-
lioroiigh from May 1S2I to 1H:!2 or 1H:!3, which
church he and Jesse IMercer organized ; New Hope,
<jlrceiie Co. ; F.atonton from 1S27 to IM37 ; iMilledgc-
ville, IS27 to IX.U; Macon, 1S2'J; Moniicidio, 182'J;
Indian Creek, 1.S3I-3H; IVnlield, is;;'.); Bethesda,
Grillin, (ireenville, and others.

In 1S27 he took cliarge of the academy in Eaton-
ton, Ga., becoming pastor of the Baptist church
also; and in that year a most niLunoralde revival
commenced at Eatouton, s|iread all over the State,
and resulted in the c'Onversion and baptism of many
thousands, during the two years it lasted. 'J'he
numbers may be surmised when it is stated, in his
own I'eeords, that 10,001) persons were baptized in
three Associations only. His labor.-, may be com-
puted when it is stated that, besides all his other
ollicial and ministerial lal)o)'s, he jireached, during
1828, 333 sermons, in as many as forty counties. At
the session of the Georgia Baptist Convention, in
1831, he olfered the resolution in favor of a theo-
logical institution, that resulteii in the establish-

j ment of Mercer Inslitule, which, tiiiall^', merged

I into Mereer University. He himself had a small
theological School at Katontoii in 1831, and in 1832
I'pened a manual labor school, but discontinued it

j in January, I8.'!3, when Mercer Institute was es-

i tablished at I'enficld.

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SHIRLEY

1054

SHORTER

Elected a. professor in Coluinbian College, Wash-
ington, D. 0., he spent 1S37 iuul 1S3S in AVasliing-
ton, but returned tu (ieorgia to aceejit the jirol'i's-
sorshiji of Sacrinl Literature iti Mercer University,
in wliieli institution lie spent I8o'.), 1840, and 1841.
He -was then elected presideut of SluirtlelT GoUege,
Alton, 111., wlicre ho remained for years. During
184C and 1847 he served as secretary of the Ameri-
eaii Baptist Indian Missionary Society, and duiing
1848 and 1849 he was president of the Masonic
College, Lexington, Mo. lie then aceept(;d the
charge of the Baptist church at Cape tiirardeau,
Mo., where he rcmaiued uTitil 1857, wlion, on ac-
count of rheunuitisiu, he rotuiiu'd to Georgia, and
lieeauie the president of Marshall College, (Jrif-
fin. This ])Ositl(jn he filled, while serving various
churches, until the war I'ouinionced. After the
war, iu 1805, he returned to Jlis.souri, where he
resided until his death, on Aug. 18, 187!), preaching
constantly.

To Dr. Sherwood niueli of the credit is due for
the liigli position in point both of numbers and in-
telligence attained by the Georgia Bajitists. lie
was learned and eloquent, an earnest and incossant
worker, wise and prudent, and. an able financier,
lie did much to elevate the standard of education
in Georgia ; ho strenuously promoted unity of
action in the denomination ; his missionary z(!al
was second to that of none ; and when the anti-
inissionary ami antinomian spirit aroused such
bitter dissension in the State, from 1827 to 1837,
ending in division, he stood side by side with those
wdio rolled hack the tide and made Georgia what
sh(j has been nearly ever since, — the banner mis-
sion State of the South.

All his life Dr. Sherwood was an indefatigable
writer, and his articles and sermons have appeared
in nearly every Baptist paper in the country. His
" Gazetteer of Gecjrgia" is a valuable book, and so is
his " Christian and Jewish Churches," but his most
important work is his " Notes on the New Testa-
ment," written almost entirely while conlined to his
bed by rheumatism. In his preaching ho was sys-
tematic and concise, ami in his young days very
•vehement and impressive. His eiiaracter was alto-
gether above reproach, and his spirit much resem-
bled that of the i\Iaster he served. In a|i|iearance
he was tall and commanding, with noble and digni-
fied features.

Shirley, Rev. Philemon Perry, was born Dec.
10, lsi;7, iu Hancock Co., Ind. He was converted
and baptized iu 1840. In 1841 his parents I'cmoved
to Iowa. His mother di('d iu 1S4S. Thirsting f(U-
knowledge, he left home at the age of twenty-one,
without money or helper, ami sluilied, taught, and
preached for four y<'ars among the destitute. "With
a fair knowledge of natural sciences he .nti red
Madison University, N. Y., and in 18.'J4 became

pastor at Grafton, whore he was ordained. A year
later he returned to Iowa, and labored in that State
and in Illinois, preaching for many of the impiu'-
tant churches, partly as a pastor, and much <if the
time as an evangelist, helping other jiastors. He
has baptized about 1000 converts, and seen many
others baptized by their jiastors, with whom he has
labored. In i87'J hu removed with his family to
California, and became pastor of the church at
Petaluma ; but poor health prevents his continuous
work in the pulpit. He is sympathetic, genial, and
elocpicnt whenever he is able to plead with men,
in the pul|iit, for the gospel of Christ.

Shorter, Alfred, the son of Jacob Shorter and
Adelpba Bankston, was liorn in Wilkes ('o., Ga.,
on the 23d of November, 1803. During his infancy
he lost his nnjther, and bidbre he reached the age
of nuuihood he was made an orphan by the death
of his father. At sixteen he found employment as
a clerk in MonticcUo, Jasper Co., and developed
such extraordinary business qualiiications that, be-
siiles gaining the respect anil contidence of the
community, he became, at the age of thirty-, one
of the substantial men of the town, noted for his
hiuiorand strict integrity. About that time he was
fortunate enough to secure the alfccticjns of one
of the most beautiful and charming ladies of the
State, Mrs. Martha Baldwin, who became his wife.
In 1837 he rcmove<i to Kfniie, Ga., where he has
ri^sided to the present time, amassing a fortune
suHieient to class him among the most we-idthy men
of his State. For the past fifty years he has been
a Baptist, ever most liberal in his contributions to
charitable institutions ami benevolent objects. In
1877 he founded the Shorter College, of Kome,
Ga., and presented it as '' a gift to mir daughters,"
— a deed accompanied by a degree of enlightened
liberality which places him annnig the great bene-
factors of the day. Mr. Shorter is a gentleman of
nnjdesty, acknowledged piety, and great generosity.
Since the death of his wife, which occurred in
1877, he has lived quietly and alone at his retired
but elegant nuuision near the city of Rome, Ga.

Shorter College. — This Baptist institution of
learning foryoung ladies, at Rome, Oa., was organ-
ized as the Cherokee Baptist Fenude C(dlege, in
October, 1873. In 1877 the pro|)erty was trans-
ferred to Alfr(!d Slioiter, whose inimi' the college
now liears. He paid its debts, demolished the old
buildings, and ei'cctcd others larger and far more
elegant. At'ter their completion he selected aboard
of trustees, to whom he committed the property in
trust for the daughters of llui land. The buildings
stand upon an eminence, and eommaml views of
charming landscapes iu all directi(uis. The groumis
have been laid out iu beautiful walks and carriage-
drives, and have been artistically terraced. The
entire premises are inclosed by a beautiful iron

trill

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SI [OUTER

1055

SIIORTEK

railing. The buildings tliomselves are magnificent
Hti'uctures of brick, of tlie hitost and most appi-ovcd
stylo of arcliitecturc, and eliibunitcly iinislied. Tiio
iiieniDrial cliapel, with its wiiidowi< of stiiinod glass,
and its walls and criling sMperbly adorned with
fresco-[iaintings, has been luonoiinccd the most
elegantly finished room in the .Southern States.

Pennington Hall, the prineipal boarding-house,
a fire-proof brick edifice, four stories high, crowns
the suujmit of the lieautifully terraced hill. Its
large apartments are all neatly finished and thor-
oughh' wariiu'd and ventilated, and are sujiplicd
with everything necessary for the convenience and
comfort of the inmates. The Uuikliugs are all sup-
[)lied with gas-jiipcs and steam-|iipos, which are
used for lighting and heating the various apart-
ments. The institution is furnished with an ex-
cellent chemical and ]ihilosophical apparatus, and
with a cabinet of minerals and fossils.

Though young in years, Shortiu' College is al ready
known throughout the land as one of the best pub-
lic institutions of learning in the country, and is
classed with the first colleges for females in Amer-
ica. It is a noble monument of the munilicent
liberality and enlightened zeal in the cause of ed-
ucation of him whose name it bears, and whose
donations, to the extent of more than a hundred
thousand dollars, have made him one of tlie great-
est benefactors of Georgia.

Shorter, Col. Eli, was a leading lawyer, a man
of the first order of culture, a njemlier of the United
States Congress before tlie war, colonel of a Con-
federate regiment during the war, and prominently
connected with Alabauui politics since. Col. Shorter
was an orator of a high order, and every way a bril-
liant mail. He was a brother of the late Gov.
Shorter, of Alabama, and otherwise honorably con-
nected in family relations. He was a )ncmber of
the Eulaula church, and an oflicer of the Alabama
15aptist Convention. He died in KS78.

Shorter, Gov. John Gill, was born in Jasiier
Co., Ga., in ISbS, and graduated at the university
of that State in 1.S37. His father having pre-
viously removed to Kufaula, Ala., the sun followed,
and began the practice of the law. In 184'J he was
a]ipointed Slate's attorney for a circuit composed
of nine counties. In IS-lo he was elected to the
senate, and in ISol to the house. In 1802 he was
appointed by the governor circuit judge. The ap-
pointment was ratified by the jicople, and Judge
Shorter continueil on the bench nine years. He
was an able and upright judge', adininislering the
law fearlessly and impartially, exerting a healthful
inlluence on the bar, and creating by hischarg(!s to

the grand juries and intercourse with tln^ | pie, a

sound ])uldic opinion. The law in Alabama llu'ii
required alternation of circuits, and Judge ."shorter
became the most pojuilar man in the State.

When the troubles between the North and the
South began, he was appointed commissioner from
Alabama to Georgia, and in ISbl \v;is appointed by
the Couveiitiuii a deputy in the I'l'ovineial Coiifed-

Gov. jonx nii.L siioutek.

erate Congress. He was then elected governor, and
served with ability for two years. AN'lien he re-
tired from public life he resumed the practice of
the law, and continueil in it until May 2'J, 1S72,
when he died, his last words being

"'To C.-niiian's fair ami liapjiy land,
Whi'iu my possessions lie,'

I want to be oil'."

(_«ov. Shorter was a deacon in the Baptist church
at Kufaula, the moderator of his Assoeiatiou, a lib-
eral contributor to all benevolent enter)jrises, and
universally beloved as a man of God.

Tlie death-bed of this Christian lawyer, patriot,
and statesman bore clear testimony to the truth
and eojiilorts of the religion of Jesus. It was il-
lumined by celestial radiance. The afoiiemeiit of
Christ was the basal truth of his religious creed.
Repeatedly, in his last days, he said, "'I have no
fear, nor doubt, nor anxiety, nuiie iclia/era\ The
atonement of Christ, oh, it is a roidt, a refuge!"
^\'ith undimmcd faiili, lie said, " There /.v a truttl
in religion ; it is all true ; and a power in the
atonement of Christ. It is a reality, a glorious
reality. As sure as the sun shines, so sure is my
faith in the plan of redemption and in the atone-
ment of the [jord Jl;^u8 Christ, wdiich will stand
Ijriii as the everlasting hills."

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S HO USE

1056

SIIUEY

Shouse, Daniel Lewis, wms buni in Sholby Co.,

Ky., A|iril 5, 1S:27. ilo lol't lii.s I'atlicr'w lioino ut
ninetocii years of !if;c, sitiJ laiiiilit a district soliuol.
lie tauglitalso ill Sliulljy Co., Ky. lie united with tlie
l}a|itist oluucli in Fi^lierville, Ky., and engaged in
liubinc-js. He boeanie aetive in tlie Sabljatli-seliuol,
tlie chierwork oC liis life. In ISoi lie removed to
Jlitisunri, and lieeaiiiu a re.xident of Kan.sas *-'ity,
Avliiire lie lived until his drath. At lii'st he was a
niereliant, then ea.sliiei- vi the jMeeliaiiies' Bank for
several yiMrs, till he organized the Kansas C'ity
.VatiiHial liaiik, of whieli he was cashier till he
died. He was a power in advancing the growth
of the city, its banks, schools, and cluirelies. His
church, the Llapti^t, owes iiuich to his toils, prayers,
and gifts. The ISaptist college at Liberty, the Gen-
eral Associatiuii, and the Salibath-Sehool State Con-
vention, ol which he was so long the elllcient secre-
tary, all were aided in no ordinary degree by him.
For years he was the ellicient and loved su|H'riii-
tciulent of the Sabbath-school in Kansas City.
l!y the advice of his [ihysiclan he gave up its care.
Ill peace and war he was with it, and it was the
l.irgest and best in the cit}'. In his last days he
was patient, waiting for the Master's call. He was
cheerful and liO[iefnl in tin; darkest hour, llarely
has a death produced such a feeling in the comiiiu-
nity as Jlr. Sliouse's. The inftueiice is still felt,
llarely is a man so sincerely and universally hon-
ored and loved by man, woman, and child. Truly
'■ a good name is rather to be chosen than great
riches."

Shreveport University, Slueveport, La. — In
1S7U an association ol' gentlemen at Shreveport
]iurcliased the llelin School property, with seventy
acres of land attiichcd, in the suburbs of the city,
intending to develop the value of the property,
and devote the proceeds to the eslalilishmcnt of a
uuiveisily. A coiii|iaiiy was organized to extend
the street railroad to the property. An arrange-
iiient was madu with the .Southern Life Insurance
Company by which )iolicies were to lie taken in
favor of the university, and the insurance com-
pany advanced money to put up buildings. A
large brick editice was erected, and nearly com-
pleted. The school was opened in 1X71, under
Rev. M. S. Shirk. In 1872, Rev. W. L. I'axton
was elected president. 15ut in ]iS7'-! the city was
ravaged by yellow lever, sncceeded by a financial
[janic. The insurance com|:/aiiy failed, the prop-
erty depreciated, ami a collapse was the result.

Shuck, Rev. J. Lewis, was bom at Alexandria,
Va., Sept. -1, LSI-!. Ill early life he became a
Christian. He was ordained in LS3.'), and at once
went as a missionary to China, sent by the Tri-
ennial Convention. In l(S;i7 he baptizeil his lirst
convert at Macao. In 1S4U the agi^nt from 'vlioiii
he received siip|iort failed. He reimived In Ibuig-

Kong and supported himself by editing a paper,
but did not suspend his work as a missionary. In
184.3 the church he had organized numbered
twenty-six.

His wile died in 18-13, and in I.S45 he returned

to the United States to make provision for his chil-

<hen. In ISlCi he went back to Shanghai, China,

under the |iatroiiago of the Southern baptist Con-

I venlion, lakiiig his second wife wiih him.

He returned to the United States in IS.'),'-!, having
lost his second wife. In 1.s.'j4 he was sent by the
Southern Baptist ('onventiini as a missionary to
the ('hinese in California, taking his third wife
with him. Here he spent seven years, discharging
the double duties of missionary and pastor of Sac-
ramento church. He orL'anized the lirst, perhaps
the only, Chinese elinrch on the i;ontinent.

Having spent twenty-live years in laboring
among the Chinese, he returned to liarnwell Court-
House, S. C, in 18GI, M'liere he spent the remainder
of his life, preaching to the surrounding churches.
In IhOI) he rested from his labors, in the lifty-lirst
year of his ago. His son, lu'v. L. 11. Shuck, D.D.,
pastor of the First Baptist church in (Charleston,
received the mantle of the ascending father.

Shuck, L. H., D.D., was born at Singapore, on
the Malay Peninsula, while his jiarents were on
their way to China as missionaries, in 183fi. After
the death of his mother, in 1844. he was sent back
10 his graiulfather, Kev. Addiscni Hall, in '\'irginia,
where he was prepared for college. He graduated
at ^Vake Forest College, X. C, from which he re-
ceived the degrees ol' A.B., A.M., and M.V).

After his graduation he spent a year as professor
ill the Oxford Female College, N. ('., ami then be-
came principal of the Beulali Male Institute, in the
same State.

On the death of his father, Rev. J. L. Shuck, the
son took his place as [lastor of sevei'al churches in
Barnwell Co., S. C. lie was next chosen pastor
of the Bajitist church at Barnwell Court-IIouse,
and from it ho removed to Charleston, and took
the pastoral care of the old First church, in 1869,
which position he now holds.

Shuey, Gen. Martin, was born in Lebanon Co.,
Pa., Sept. 28, 178.3, of Lutheran parents; entered
the military service, passed through various ollicial
grades, until ho was promoted to the rank of brig-
adier-general for his eminent services. In 1825 he
entered into business and settled in Indiana, and
subsequently in Illinois, and upon his conversion,
in 182li, examined the subject of baptisui ; became
an active Bapli.^t and liberal supporter ol all
benevolent and church enterprises. In IXo'.l he
crossed the jilains, and sctth'd at Brooklyn, Cal. ;
aided in organizing the eliuii h then', in 18li(); was
its first deacon, and held that oltice until ho was
over ninety years old. He died Feb. iL', 1,S70.

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fUrURTLKFF

1057

SHUTI'J

ShurtlefF, Benjamin, M.D.,wms born in B<iKtoii
in 1T7J. ill! ;;r:ul.ii;itod in IV'JC), iuul coniniL'nccil
iit unco tlie stiiily of meiHciino. Iluvinj;' received
tlio dogroi) of ]\I.1>., lie Wiis ;i|)pninted to a sitimtion
in the nieili(.'iil ilepiirtnient of tlie niiviil .servici^ of
the United Stiites. Ho vetui-ncd to lioston after a
liric;f period of serviec, and jfavu himself with nn-
tirini; ener^'y and sneee.ss to the jiraetiee of liia pro-
fi^ssion for lifty years. He possessed those traits
of character which made him from the outset a
popular and iieeeptable physician.

In ISIIf). Dr. Shurtlolf made a donation to Alton
('olle.^e, 111., of S10,l)l)ll. Asa token of their appre-
ciation of the valni' cjf the i^ift the trustees named
the institution Shurtlcif Colle,i;e. His death oc-
curred in Boston, April 12, 1847.

Stiurtleff College. — 'I'ho ilrst .suggestion of
UppiT .Vllon, 111., twenty-live miles north of St.
Louis, as a suitable place lor a Baptist college
seems to have been made by iJr. Jonathan (loing,
who visited it in LSol. .Special attention jiad only
in the previous year been directed to Alton itself
asai)Ossihle commercial centre, and the two towns,
two and a hall' miles apart, were then in their in-
fancy. The suggestion of I'r. (loing, however, was
received with approbation, and on June 4, 181^2,
the seminary at Unek Spring having been i-emoved
to the new point, seven gentlemen '' formed a com-
pact to establish a college to be under the super-
vision of Baptists, and engaged in a written obliga-
tion to advance e;u.-h SlOO, which was suliseiinently
increased to ifliO, and to become jointly' oldigated
in the loan of $S(ll) muve." We cpiote the words of
Dr. John M. Peck. These seven, with James Lemen
anil J. M. I'eek, added in l.S;i3, were the original
trustees of the Alton Stminary. With a part of the
sum nanu:d above a tract of 122 acres was pun-luiscd
adjoining the town of Upper Alton; with the re-
mainder and added donations from citizens a build-
ing was erected. The school opiMunl with twenty-five
students, with Rev, llulibell Loiutiis as principal,
and Kcv. Lewis Ccdhy as professor in the theological
department. Tin: college charter was granted l>y
act of the State Legislature in LS.'Sf). In its original
form this charter forljaile the establishment of a
theological de|.iartment, but a moililioation of it, bv
act of the Legislature in I.S 1 1 , renuj\ cd that restric-
tion. The instituLiou, at llrst called Alton (Jollege,
received the name it in)W bears througli Dr. Benja-
min Shurtleir, of Boston, who, in ISj5, made to the
college the donation, very liberal at that time, of
$n 0,000.

Instruction in theology has always lieen an im-
portant feature id' the college work, and a few years
since, chielly through the libin-ality of Mr. Llijuli
Gove, a theological department was formally or-
ganized, with Dr. U. K. I'attison and I'ml. 1). •'.
Miteliell as instriu'tors. Tin; president of ilic col-

lege now gives instruction in Systematic 'I'heology.
Justus Biilkley, J>.D., is Professor of Church His-
tory and t'hurch Polity, and Kcv. J. (!. C Clarke,
Acting I'rofessor of liiblical Literature and Jnter-
|iretation. The successive presidents id' the college
iiave been Prof. Washington Leverett (actinir presi-
denl), l.S:!()-40-, Uev. Adiel Sherwood, D.D., 1,S40
-40; Prof. AV'ashington Leverett (acting president),
LS47-49; Bev. N. N. Wood, D.D., isr,0-r)o; Itcv.
Daniel Read, LL.D., i,sri5-t;'.J ; at which last date
the present president. Dr. A. A. Kendriek, came
into the ollioe. Upon the faculty, besides those
already named, are Orlando L. Castle, LL.D.,
Shnrtleff i'rofessor of Oratory, lihetoric, and
]5(!lles-Lettres ; Charles Fairman, Li,.D., Hunter
Lecturer on Chemistry, Geology, and Mineralogy;
J. C. C. C!larke, Govu Professor of the Latin and
Greek [jaiiguages and Literature; ('harlcs Fair-
man, Lli.D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural
I'hilosophy ; John D, Hodge, A.M., M.D., instructor
in l5otany. Zoology, and Physiology ; Charles B.
Dodge, A.M., principal of the preparatory depart-
ment.

Ill the year 1876 a centennial fund of §100,000
was raised for the colk\;;e by Dr. G. J. Johnson,
which has greatly relieved the college by placing
its finances upon a sounder basis. In all respects
Shnrtleff College is a prosperous institution, hold-
ing a high rank among the colleges of the W^est.
Its past record is one for which any institution may
cherish abounding gratitude to the God of good-
ness.

Shllte, Samuel M., D.D., was born in Philadel-
jihia, Pa., dan. 2L 182.'!; |ire|iareil for college in
the academy of Dr. A\'m. Curran ; entered the
Sophomore class of the University of Pennsylvania
in 1S41 : graduated, with the degree of A.B.. in
1844, and received the degree of A.M., in course,
in 1847; was baptized, in the fall of 1845, by the
Uev. Dr. Shadrach, and united with tlie Fifth Bap-
tist church, l*hiladel|iliia ; licensed by the same
church to preach, July 20, 1847. Prosecuted his
theological studies in the seminary of the Ke-
fornied Presbyterian (.Miiireh, Philadelphia, at that
time under the supervision of the Uev. S. 15. AV'ylio,
D.j)., vice-provost of the University id' Pennsylva-
nia, Dr. Crawford, Dr. Tlieo. T. ^V'ylie, and others.
While engaged in his theological studies he was
chosen inslruelor of Fnglisli literature in the
Sigoigne (French) Academy for 3'oung ladies, in
Philadelphia, which position he held for several
years, until his ordination. During one year of
this period he also served as assistant editor of the
C/iris-/i'un Chriiniilr, a baptist religious journal,
|iublished in Philadelphia, under the auspices of
tlie American Baptist Publication Society, and con-
ducted liy the Bev. Ileman Lincoln, D.D., and the
Rev. W. li. Jacobs. In the fall of I8')2 he received

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SJIl'TE

1058

^IVKI.KMOIU-:

a call to tlie pastorate ul' the Haptist cliiirch in Peiu-
berton, Buvliiigton Co., N. -r., wliicli he aceeiiteJ,
entering on liis labui-s there Jan. 1, ISfjS, and re-
ceiviui; orJinatinn on the 17th of tlie Ibllowing

SAMUEI, M. SnUTE, D.D.

February, lie remained in I'eniberton tliree years,
and at the terniination uF tliat period, in eonse-
quence of the ill health of his wife, he prepared to
remove to Alexandria, ^'a., having been invited to
the pastorate of the First IJapti.st chnreh in that
city, on the resignation of Ilev. II. II. Tucker,
D.I). lie remained here three year.s, during whieli
time a beautiful eliureh ediliee wa.s built, and about
101) baptized and added^to the church. In the fall
of ISa'J he wa.s elected to the chair of the English
Language and Literature in the Columbian Col-
lege, which pusitiun he accepted, and .still holds,
having given the institutiun u)] t(j this time a cun-
tiiuious service of twenty-two years. During his
connection with the college he ha.s spent most of
bis .Sabbaths in |)reaching, although having charge
ol no cliurelies, except i'or short perinds, and while
they were cndeavoriitg to secure regular pastors.
In ailditiun to his one year of editorial laliors in
Philadelphia, I'njf. Shute has written (piite a good
deal, having contributed frequently to monthly and
weekly periodicals, to The Natiaii, of New York,
and occa.sional articles to the Suut/iern licvicio and
to the RajilUl Qiiniierhj. In 18f)5 he publi.shcd an
"Anglo-Saxon ^lannal,"' the second text-hunk of
the kind issued in this counti'y, and the fii'.-t to
reject the ))rimary Mnglish methods of grainmati-
cal exposition of tlie language, and to base it on

the more scientific plan of Ileyne and other Ger-
man scholars. This hook has passed to a third
edition, and has biren extensively used in the high
schools and eedleges of this country. Prof. Sluite, at
the re(piest of Kev. Dr. Cathcart, the editor of the
"Baptist Encyclopa-'dia,'' has jirepared the bio-
gra))hieal sketelies contained in this work of the
ministers and lavmen of Maryland, Virginia, and
the District of Columbia.

His lir.^t wife, who lived only three years after
their marriage, having died before the close of his
pastoral labors in Pemberton, was Miss Pliebe II.
'I'aylor, of Taylorsville, Bucks Co., Pa. ; his present
wife was Miss Jane C. Kerlbot, daughter of Daiuel
S. Kerfoot, of Fau(|uier Co., Va.

The degree of D. h. was conl'erred upon him by
Mercer University, Ca.

Dr. Shute is a nnm of a quick and penetrating
intellect, and of a sound judgment, and to these
gifts of nature ye;irs of diligent study have added
a wide and varied culture. He has been not only
a successl'ul professor <jf tlie (ireek, Latin, Anglo-
Saxiin, and Cerman languages, but also a careful
student in other departments of knowledge, and
especially in English literature and in theology.

As a prcjfessor, in the branches above referred to,
as well as in rhetoric and in kindred studies, he
has been able, faith I'ul, successful, and jjopular.

As a writer, ho is fiu'cible and chaste.

As a preacher of the go.spel, he is instructive, and
there is a frequent demand for his pulpit services
in Washington and in tlie neighboring cities.

Sibley, Rev. W. L., a pioneer preacher in Lou-
isiana, was born in (ieorgia in 1795; settled in
Washington Parish, La., in 1N25. In 1847 here-
moved to Sabine Parish, and became a co-laborer
with Father Bray. He was instrunu'iital in build-
ing up many churches both in Eastern and West-
ern Louisiana. Ho died Oct. 21, ISIil.

Sicklemore, Rev. James, was a elergyman of

the Episcopal Chiueli of England, and became a
Baptist about 1(140.

llis change of views about baptism occurred sin-
gularly, and yet very natinally. He was rector of
Singleton, Sussex, and in catechising the young
people of bis parish he took occasion to speak of
the promises made by godfathers and godmothers
on behalf of children at their baptism. One of
those who were jiresent inquired if the Holy Scrip-
tures gave authority for anything he said. Fur
the moment he defended himself by the general
practice of the Cliristifin Cliurcli, Imt, after exam-
ining the ^Vurd of Ood and other ancient Christian
documents, ho saw that infant baptism was a mere
human tradition, witliont the Iiiithcirity id' insjiira-
tion or of the apostolic age. lb' disapproved of
tithes, and gave away most of Ids income to the
needy. He was " famous fur his piety and learn-

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SrVMONS

1059

SUNGINO

ill.!;," ami uiijcr (ioil lie w;is tlic fmmtier ol' the
IJiijjtist olmrelic.M ol' I'lirtsnicnitli ami C'liieliester.

Simmons, James B., D.D., was lioin in the
towrislii|i of Northeast, N. Y., Apiil 17, 1827. lie
iiiadi! a lu'ofession of I'ailh in Christ at the ai;c of
sixteen Real's, was f^nidiiated IVoiii lii-owii Uni-
versity in IH^ljunJ in Newton 'l'hpi)loi;ieal Semi-
nary in hS[)l. lie was pastor of Third Uajitist
eliureh of I'rovidenee, 11. [., three years; of the
First IJaptist ehureli of Indianapolis, Ind., four
years ; and of the Fifth (old Sansoni Street) ehurcli
of Philadelphia, I'a., live iNul a half years. In
Indianapolis he established a mission, wdiich has
grown into the Sooth ehureli. In I'liihidelphia he
set in motion the eelelirated adult " liiblo sehools"
now so eommon in the ehurehes. In 18G7 he was
elected corresponding secretary of the American
Baptist ll(uiie iVlission Society, in which capacity
lie served fur seven years. He had s|ieeial charge
of the tVecdinen's department, establishing seven
schools for their education. He received the degree
of D.I), in 187(1. In 1877 he accepted the pastor-
ate of Trinity liaptist cliarch. New York, which he
still retains. IIis special labor for the salvation
of Chinamen has resulted in the conversion of a
few of them, and about twenty are meniljcrs of
liis Bible schools. He is the imthor of several tracts
pulilished liy the American Baptist Publication
Society.

Simmons, Lockey, w'as liorn in IMontgomery
Co., N. v., April 1-1, 17'.)0; baptized by Noah llich-
ardson at the age of twenty-three; was county
surveyor for many years; accnjiuilated a good
estate, and was a great friend of education. He
aided several young ministers in their studies. He
died at Wake Forest College, at the house of his
son, Prof. W . i). Simmons, .)an. 23, 1880.

Simmons, Prof, W, G., was born in Montgomery
Co., N. C, March 4, 1830; graduated with high
lionor at Wake Forest in 1852 ; read law at Chapel
Hill with Judge Battle and Hon. S. F. Philipps;
came to ^Vake Forest College in 1855 as Professor
of Mathematics ; is now Professor of Natural Sci-
ence in the same institution and a man of un-
doubted learning.

Simonson, Rev, George A., is of Baptist an-
cestry. His grandfather, Kev. George Allen, was
pastor at Burlington, N. J., and his father, llev. P.
Simonson, at Providence, R. I. lie was boi'n at
Providi'iicc. His lather dying early, George's boy-
hood was spent in Burlington, N. •!. Baptized at
twelve years of age, George, by the loss of his
mother, was an orphan at thirteen, passing his
three following years in a boarding-school. The
remaining years of his youth he was in the West,
learning practical surveying and civil engim <riiig,
though ho afterwards returned and gradiiiilcd at
the Polytechnic College of the State of Pennsyl-

vania. He then resumed the practice of his pro-
fession as division engineer on the Pittsburgh, Fort
Wayne and Chicago liailroad. In 185G he taught
the high school at Indianapolis. Here, feeling
called to the ministry, he gave up teaching to take
the full theological course at Uochester, graduating
in the class of I8G-1. The seven following years
were given to incessant labors in the Western min-
istry, most of them in the State of Illinois. Leav-
ing his last settlement there of nearly four years
in Pontiac, 111., he became [lastor (jf the Winds(jv
Avenue church of Hartford, Conn., in 1871. He
entered upon the jiastorate of the Fifth chui-cli,
Newark, N. J., in the spring of 187-1, since which
time the meeting-house has been enlarged and bciiu-
tilied at considerable expense, and many members
have licen added to the church.

Singing in Public Worship.— In the end of

the seventeenth centur.y singing was introduced
among theKnglish Bajitists. Probably persecution
had much to do with its general omission in their
religious assemblies. Nothing more useful to the
informer could have been contrived than songs of
praise from a large congregation. In Benjamin
Reach's church, for some years before the ha)j|iy
revolution which placed William HI. upon the
throne and gave the Dissenters restricted religious
liberty, singing was piractised at the close of the
Lord's Supper, even when it was used as a guide
to the informer. It is thought that church music
was first employed in divine service among the
Baptists in Jlr. Keach's meetings. He introduced
it among his jieople gradually. At lirst, after the
celebration of the Supper; and they had no singing
but this for si.x years, then on public thanksgiving
days, and this continued for fourteen years, and
then the church solemnly agreed to sing the praises
of fiod every Lord's day. But some of his ]ieo]de
withdrew and founded the iMaze Pond church on
the principles of the mother-church, but they for-
mally prohibiled singing in their worship.

In lli'.)l, Mr. Keach wrote a work called "The
Breach Bcpaired ; or, Singing of Psalms and
Hymns and Spiritual Songs jiroved to be a Holy
Ordinance of Jesus Christ." It seems strange that
such a book was necessary, and more remarkable
that it met with bitter opposition for a season.

AV'lien the Second church in Newport, 11. I., was
formed, in lOSb, among the reasons given by the
twenly-one persons who founded it for leaving the
First church was that they disapproved of psalmody
which the parent communitv used. I)r. (iiiild,
speaking of the First church in Providence, K. I,,
wdien Dr. Manning settled in that city, and of Mr.
Winsor, who preceded Dr. .Maiming as p.istor,
says, "The true cause of op|iosition to Dr. iMan-
ning WHS his ' holding to singing in public, wor-
ship, which was highly disgustful to iMr. Winsor.'

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On tliiM pi)int tlie soiitiiiioiits of tlio (iuiikurs iippoiir
to li;ivt' previiiluil in tlic cliiiri;li, anil .s'mijlMi!; was
iliscariliHl as uiiaiitliorizoil liy tlu^ Nt:w TustaniiMit."
Ml-. Wiiisor and hi.s IViends soeeddl IVoiii tin; ulinrcli
becaoMO of the siipposod -departure ol' ih: iManning
and tlic; clmioli from the six principles laid down
in llebi-ewM vi. 1, ^: " Nut laying aiiaiif the I'ouii-
datioii of repentance from dead works, iijid of fail h
toward (Jod, of the doctrine of h;fptisni.s, and of
layin;^ on of hands, and of I'esnrreetion of the
dead, and of eternal judgment."
Sioux City, Iowa, with a population of 724tj,

is on the ea.st .side of the Missouri lliver, about lUUO
miles above St. Ijouis. It is the county-town of
Woodbury County, and the largest city of North-
western I(j\va. 'I'he Sioii.K City Baptist church was
organized in ISiiO, but i-eniainod a feeble interest
for several years. In 1S71, when Kev. .lame's Sun-
derland became pastor, there wiu'c only 14 lueni-
bers, but in 1870 the number had increased to 90.
They have recently enlarged and iiuproved their
ineeting-housi!, and now have 144 inemliers.

Sisty, Rev. John, Nvas bom .Maich 2i), 17S3;
baptized July 4, i.SI)2, by Kev. 'i'lionias IJslicU, of
Philadelphia, Pa. ; and in August, 1817, he began
to liold meetings at IlaJdonlield, N. J., which re-
sulted in the organization of the eliureh there in
ISI8. lie continued as pastor there for twenty-
one years, and was greatly prosijcred and beloved.
lie was instrumental in forming the Baptist church
at Moorestown. lie (jied Oct. 2, 18C3.

Six-Principle Baptists. — 'I'hese churches of the
great iJaptist family hold, as their distinguishing
doctrines, the six |jrinciples mentioned in lleb. vi.
1, 2. They claim a liistory running far back into
the past, as may be learned from Rev. Bichard
Knight's " History of the lieucral or Six-Principle
Baptists in Europe ami America," published in
1827. In this country, at lirst, they ilid not dill'er
Irom tlie Particular or Begular Baptists, save in
the UKitter of the laying on of liands ; but later
they swerved to Armini:inism, yet reuuiined strict
eommunionists. 'I'hey wen: once compai'atively
strong in Uhode Island, being among the first to
establish themselves in the soul-free colony ; and
for a time they claimeil the First Baptist church in
Providence, the Seeoiul Baptist chundi in Newport,
and the first chuVehes in many of the towns.
Tliey once had the lead in thirteen of the present
thirty-six towns of the State. Near the year 1700
they formed a Yearly Meeting; iiulced, they now
date their annual meeting from 1070. 'I'his V'early
Meeting embraci!s their churches in New Knglanii.
In 1729 it cminted twelve ehurehes and eighteen
ordained elders.

As a people they nourished until about the period
of the Revolutioji, when failing to manilV'st a proper
degree of enterprise, and neglecting education, liter-

ature, and an aggressive sjiirit, tln^y began, prior to
180U, to decline in po|uilai'ity and numbers, and
have rapidly decreased within the last si.tty years.
A number of their once strong churches have be-
ccime Regular Baptists. A few from sheer feeble-
ness have fallen into the arms of the Free-Will
IJaptists. They are now, as they have always bc^en
in this country, witlujut an academy or college, or
periodical (U'gan or distinctive literature!, or mis-
sionary' society for iiome or foreign work. Tliey
scein to have waned on account of their inactivity;
yet they have ever been a pure, sincere people.

At present, in New Kngland, tliey count less than
a dozen small, expiring churches, and a roll of
iiardly more than a thousand active members.
They, however, maintain a Yearly Meeting. A
small — very small — Association of this oriler is
rejiortcd in I'ennsylvania and New York, where
their existence is like a flickering lamp. In New
England we can lind at present (1880) but two
churches outside of Khode Island, — one in Connec-
ticut and one in Massachusetts.

Skinner, Deacon Charles W., was bom, in

]78t>, in P<'r(|uimans (Jo., N. C. The death of his
lirst wife led to his conversion, and he is said to
have been comforted in reading the fortieth chapter
of Isaiah. He jiiined the Presbytui'ian church at
Princeton, N. J,, where his brother Thomas was
studying theology, but afterwards connected hiin-
silf with rii'tbcl liuptist church in Per(piimaus
Cdunty, and was Ijiiptized by Rev. Rubert T.
I)aniel. He was one of the Ibunders of the Ba]i-
tist State Convention, and used to ride hundreds
of miles in his sulky to attend its sessimis. He
was one of the first and best friends of AVake
Forest College, pledging his personal jiriiperty for
its debts, and giving it at one time as much as
$.0000.

Mr. Skinner was remarkable for his benevolence,
and probably gave to the cause of Christ more
money than any Baptist who ever liv-ed in North
Caroliiui. Ho gave ?2000 towards building the
church at Bethel ; he gave i:^7000 towards the beauti-
ful church in Hertford, which cost $10,1011 ; he gave
S2000 to erect the house of the First Baptist church
of Pvaleigh, and he probably gave, all told, $10,000
to Wake Forest College. It has been said that lie
gave not less than $50,000 to the various objects
of lionevolenco in Noi-th (Carolina. His brother,
'I'homas II. .'>k inner, I •.!>., was so eminent a Presby-
terian minister that, wh<ui he ilicil a few years since
ill New Y'ork ('ity, hundreds nf minislers attended
his fuiKual. l>r. Tin. mas Iv .SUinner, jiastur ol' the
First Baptist church of Raleigh, is his sou. Heaciui
Skinner died April 15, 1877.

Skinner, Thomas E., D.D., youngest son of
Charles W. and Mary C. Skinni>r, was born in Pcr-
i|uimans Co.. N. (!., April 2'.l, 1820; graduated at

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SLACK

1061

SLATER

tlio Univorsitv ul' North ('iuoliiia in I.S47; I)efj;:in
lil'o as a planter ; was Ijapti/.cd at IJetliul church,
liy Uev. C^ II. 'I'rDtnnm, Jan. I<J, l«r)l ; urailuatcd
at the Uiiicju Thi'iilnijioiil Seminary, N. Y., May S,
lS-')4, his uncle, \)\\ T. II. Skinner, Ijeinj; a [irofes-
sor in that institution ; settled as pastor in Peters-
ljiir;j;, Va., in Novciiihcr, liSri4 ; hooitme |iastor of
First Haptistcluirr.il, Italeigh, in Nuvciulier, l.SST) ;
settled as pastor of First IJaptist church, Nashville,
Tenii., November, ISIJT ; removed to Colunihus, (!a.,
in November, 1870; to Athens, Cia., in Auy;ust,
1871 ; to Macon, Ga., in December, 187."), beini;
pastor in each of these places ; and in September,
1879, became pastor the second time of the First
church in Ralei^^h, beiiij^ both the predecessor and
successor of Dr. Thomas II. I'ritchard, D.D. He-
sides being the pastor of the largest and most in-
tluential ehiireh in the State, Dr. Skinner is the
president ol' the board of trustees of Wake Fcn'Ost
College. lie was made a D.D. by Furman Uni-
versity, S. C

Slack, Mrs, Mary, was born in New Castle
Co., Del., Nov. IS, lftU9. Died in l'hihulel|)liia.
Pa., Sept. 12, 1878.

She commenced business in a limited way, in
AVilmington, L>el,, in 1840, and was so successful
as to retire in 187.) with a small fortune.

She was baptized March 13, 1842, upon profes-
sion of her faith in Christ, by Rev. Sanl'ord Leaeh,
tlien pastor of the Second Haptist church, with
which church she united. Withdrew, in 18(i.'j, with
others, from the Second church to form the Del-
aware Avenue church, Wilmington, Del.

llev. Geo. W^ Folwell, first jiastor of the Dela-
ware Avenue church, and lier pastor for some
years, says of her: " I believe Sister Slack gave
about §10,000 to the Delaware Avenue Uaptist
church. During most of my pastorate she rented
two of the most expensive pews in the church, lor
which she paid S8(J per year. This she did not only
to increase the revenue of the church, but also to
have the privilege and pleasure of inviting friends
and visitors to sit with her. She was very seldom
absent from any of the services of the church.
She was unostentatious and unobtrusive, simple
and sincere in her professions and practices, and
evidently constrained by the love ol' Christ. On
more tlian one occasion, when ofl'ering to add one
or more thou.sand dollars to her contributions to
the Ijuilding fund, and 1 questioned wliother or not
it was her duty to do so, she said, ' 1 was awake
nearly all night jir.-iying about it, and 1 believe my
heavenly Father wants mo to give it.' \Vlicn she
thought I was trying to check her liberality, she
said, ' I)>i you want to rob me of the pleasure of
doing good?' "

The last large contribution slie gave, oiic of
§2000, she procured liy giving a mortgage on her

home for the greater part of it, and ]i;iid the interest
herself.

Ill ailditioii to her larger donations, she gave
lib(!rally to every benevolent object presented in
the church, besides giving to our deiioiiiinaliunal
BOcieties, sometimes, one-fourth of the church's an-
nual contribution. She was decidedly tlie largest
contributor to the funds of the Delaware Avenue
Haptist church.

The nuiuber and extent of her [irivate benefac-
tions no man knows. The writer frei(ueiitly heard
of them as he visited among the .sick and poor, llir
pastor and his family, and even their iViends who
visited them, were 11111113', '"^^I'y times refreshed by
her gifts.

Slack, Rev. W. L., M.D., a distinguished

preacher and teacher at Pontotoc, Miss., was born
in Cincinnati, O., in 1819. His father was an emi-
nent Presbyterian niinister, and presiilent of Cin-
cinnati College, under whose careful training Dr.
Slack became a hue classical scholar, and in I84l>
received the degree of A.M. from Miami Univer-
sity. Having studied medicine, circumstances di-
verted him from his original jilan, and he engaged
in teaching in Tennessee. While giving instruc-
tion in Greek he v^•as led to change his views on
baptism. The reasons for this change he lias given
in a little work entitled " Slack's Keasons i'or be-
coming a Haptist," which has been widely circu-
lated. Hi! uiiiteil with the Haptists, and was or-
dained in 18.')2, at Denmark, 'I'eiiu., where he was
teaching. Subse()uently he became president of
Mary Washington College, Pontotoc, iMiss. The
buililings having been destroyed by lire during
the war, he I'ouiided the Haptist Female College at
the same place, with which he remained until fail-
ing health compclh:d him to desist. He has also
supplied tlie Pontotoc church twenty-live years.

Slade, Rev. T. B., for many years principal of
a high school for young ladies in Columbus, and a,
distinguished and successful educator, was born in.
North Carolina. He graduated at Chapel Hill,
taking the lirst honor. He came to (Jeorgia, and
opened a school at Clinton, Jones Co. ; helped to
organize the AVesleyan Female College at Macon ;
took chaige of a female aeiiiinary at Pentield, and
then removed to Columbus, aliout 1842, where he
has resided ever since. Few men, if any, in the
State have sent forth into society more well-edu-
cated young ladies than llev. Thomas H. Slade, of
Columbus. At (iresent he is an octogenarian.

Slater, Rev. Franklin S., was born in St.
Ijiiwrence Co., N. Y., Feb. II, 182.3; graduated
from Jladisoii Univer.sity in l8.'itl ; had brief settlc-
iiieiits in Connecticut and New York, but most of
his ministerial life has been spent in New Jersey.
During his six years' pastorate at lvey|jort a lino
church editice was built, and at Matawan, where

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SLATER

1002

SMALL

his pastorate has extended to fifteen years, the
uhui'ch has grown, and the name of tlie good pas-
tor is a lionsehold word in tlie ooiiiniunity.

Slater, Rev. Leonard, mi.-sionai-y to tlie Ot-
tawa Indians, was liorn in Worcester, Mass., Nov.
IG, ISO:;; -was converted at the age of sixteen, and
studied fur tlie ministry with J)r. (icring. Ilr Wiis
aiipointed missionary -to the Indians Ijy the board
iif tlie 'I'rirnnial ( Convention in IfiUll. After reach-
ing Detroit, in company with Mrs. Slater, he trav-
eled on liorsehaek 2tH) miles through the woods to
farcy Station, near where Nilcs now is, and began
Ids missionary work. The next year he was trans-
ferred to 'I'lioiiias Station (now Grand Kapids),
where he remained nine years, tcaehingaud preach-
ing, lie learned their language so as to nse it as
readily as English. 'I'lie jn-ogress of white setthi-
ments made neci^ssary a change of residence for
the missioiniry, and in IS.'jli he removed to Barry
County, near I'rairieville, and eontinned his work
among the Otiawas for the next sixteen years.
The Indians became greatly attached to him, and
many of them were hopefully eonvfrtcd. In 1852
he retired from active missionary labor, with a con-
stitution greatly impaired, and resided in Kalama-
zoo till his death, April 27, 186b. A firm frii'nd
id' all our deuuminational enterprises, he contrib-
uted largely of his earnings for their )Moniotion.

Slaughter, Gov. Gabriel, was born in \'irginia

in 17b7. lie was ;tii early st'ttler in .Mercer Oc,
Ky., wlii're he united with Shawnee Kuii Baptist
chiircli, and was |iromini'iit in lii^ church, his As-
sociation, and all the enterprises of his denomina-
tion, as well as in the councils of state. He was
elected to the Legislature in 17119, and re-elected
in 1800. He served in the State senate from 1801
to 1808, and was ilnriiig the following four years
lieutenant-governor.- He liidd a colonel's commis-
sion in the war of 1812-15. In ISIO ho was again
elected lieutenant-governor, and , on the death of
Col. jNIadison, the governor-elect, became governor
of the State, in which capacity he acted i'our years.
At the close of his gubernatorial term ho retired to
his farm in .Merci-r County, where he dii.'d in 1830.

Slocum (Frances) Mission.— In the year 1780
a little girl about six years old, Frances Slocum,
was stolen by the Indians from AVyomIng, Pa.
Her father and brothers followed as far north as
Niairara F.ills, but could find no clue to her where-
abouts. Sixty years passed away. Washington
Ewing, a member of Congress, and a trader among
the Indians, stayed one night at the liousc of one
(d' the Indians, near I'erii, Inil. He saw there an
elderly white woman. He impiired about her his-
tory. She remembered that her fii'st name was
Frances, and that she was taken from a pi. ice
calleii Wyoming. Within aljont one year It was
established that die was the same Franoes Slocum.

She was wealthy, but said she never could again
become accustomed to civilized life. She wished
to adopt her brother's son. He ami his wife cami'
to the settlement, went through the form of adop-
tion, and settled near their aunt. They were Bap-
tists, and began (Jhristian work on brlndf of the
Indians. I'uv. T. ('. Townsend assisted them in
organizing a Sumlay-sehoul. The two sons-in-hiw
of Frances Slocum — Capt. liriiillett'' and I'etrr
liundy — were the first to join the church that had
been organized. A church house worth S1500 was
Iniilt. The church grew. Bruilb-tle and Handy
were licensed to preach. \ general revival was
enjoyed, and another Baptist church was formi.'d.
(diristian Indians, of their own accord, wont as
missionaries to their people in Kansas. In 1858
the Indiana Baptist State Convention resolved
"that the mission heretofore sustained among the
Jliami tribe of Indians by the board of the Hunt-
ington and Weasaw Associations be now trans-
ferred to the board of the State Convention, and
that the school, mission-house, laiid, and all other
property belonging to the mission, be henceforth
under their ptitronage."

By removals and deaths the tribe gradually de-
clined, and the mission declined also. In the death
of George Slocum, in ISOO, the mission sustained
a great loss.

Small, Rev. J. S., was liom in Guilford, N. II.,
Aug. U), lS2li. The progress wdiich he had made
in Ills youthful studies is shown by the circum-
stance that when he was but fifteen years of age
he began to teach in the ]aiblie schools. It was
his early ambition to be a lawyer, and with this
end in view he began to fit for college, but his
health failing he was obliged to give up his plan.
His hopeful conversion took place when he was
twenty-three years of age. At once his thoughts
were turned to the Christian ministry, and he be-
came a student in the Fairfax Institution, Vt., and
was graduated in the class of I85S. His ordina-
tion took place at Williamstown, July 9, 1837. In
1850 he went to East ^VaHingford, Vt., where he
remained about a year. ^Vishing to pursue still
further his theological studies, he returned to Fair-
fax, Aviiere be remaijied some time as a resident
graduate. He preached in Montgomery, Vt., and
Lowell, Mass., in 18(11, and was settled, July 15,
1802, at Enosburg, where he remained four years,
leaving his pastorate to accept a call to the Fairfa.x
Institution, to act as president after the removal
of Hr. Uphani. This position he oeeupied about
three years, when, hiding the want of a niori"
thorough intellectual training, he decided to take
a full college course of study. He was a graduate
of iJartnnnith College in the class of 1872, preach-
ing more or less during his four years' residence
in Hanover, llis pastorates after leaving college

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S}fALIJ:V

1063

SMITH

were at Hristol and FeU^livillc, Vt. lie died very
suddenly, uf'ter preacliiui; tlie annual sermon before
tlie Woodstock Assorialion. Vt., Srpt. 22, ISSO.

Smalley, Rev. Henry, was ijmti in I'lscata-

way, N. J. lie was baiiti/,ed by Hev. Jfoune l{nn-
yon in 1781, at the age (if sixteen, lie studied at
Queen's College, New IJnmswiek, an'd at the Col-
lege of New -Jersey, in Princeton, wliere he grad-
uated in 178i). In 1788 he was licensed; in 17'J0
he was ordained pastor of the Coliansey ]>aptist
ehureh, N. J., where he exercised an able and suc-
cessful ministry of forty-nine years, and died Feb.
11, 1839, in his seventy-fourth year. Mr. Smalley
was abundant in labor, adding to his stated preach-
ing and catechising, services in neighborhoods be-
yond tlie bounds of his own congrc'gatiiin. llis
judgirient was excellent, his success in peace-
making and settling difTiculties was prominent; he
rightly divided the word of truth, and the fruits
of a jiiilii-ions and long pastorate are abundant.

Smiley, Rev. Thomas, was bom in Dauphin
Co., I'.i., in 1759 ; baptizcHl in 1792, in Wyoming
Co., Pa. ; licensed December, 1790, by the IJraintrim
church ; ordained December, 1802, when forty-three
years of age; dieil in l!S32 in White Deer, Lycom-
ing Co., Pa., in his scventy-tliird year. In two
things he was (piite distinguished, — controversies
about land titles iu the northern portion of the
State between the Pennymites, as they were called,
and the Connecticut claims, and in his fearless
defense of the cardinal doctrines of the Word of
(iod. No minister held nujre tenaciously to the
doctrines of grace. | In these sentiments he had
been reared from childhood, his liithcr being a
rigiil I'resbyterian ol' the Scotch Seeeder branch.
In his day the conllict between Arminianism and
Calvinism was peculiarly marked and bitter. Elder
Smiley, as he was generally called, held to the less
popular side of both questions, and wliile failing to
secure ap|ilause, he nevertheless won I'ur himself
in liis advocacy of sovereign grace what is infinitely
better, the plaudit of his Lord when called to his
rest. His work as a minister was in sowing seed.
The harvest came in due time, but others, the writer
included, were permitted to gather it. Ilis char-
acter was of the purest type, and his con.^tant and
earnest exhortations to practical godliness, as well
as his appeals to the unconverted, proved him to
be far from fatalism, and entirely forbade his rela-
tion to such as claim him for saintship in the
dogmas of " old-sehoolism." His advocacy tjf sov-
ereign grace iu election was pure and thoroughly
Biblical!

Smith, "Hon. Almerin, died on the 31st of June,

l^'.'il, at Savanna, 111., at the age of seventy-one
years. He was a native of Manchester, Vt.. and
of a [intriotii- anci'sti-y, his father, Maj. N.ithan
Smith, having been one of those who accompanied

Ethan Allen in his memorable expedition against
Tiitojideroga. He hiniscdf, imnuidiatcdy upon the
lucaking out of the war of I.SP2, joined the army,
with the commission of li(tntcnanl, and served until
the close of the' war, chielly in the northern part
of the State of New York. His services were so
highly appreciated that he was oll'ered a desirable
post in tlie regular army at the close of the war,
which he declined, as he had other aims in life.
He had married previous to the breaking out of
the war, and u[ion the conclusion of peace he pur-
chased a farm and made his home in 'I'ironileroga,
N. Y., where most of his life was s[ient. llis fel-
low-citizens expressed their trust in his capacity
and integrity by calling him to various posts of
civil service. During thirty years he was success-
ively elected justice of the peace. Various county
oflices wore given him, besides one term of service
as a member of the State Legislature. He refused
a renomination when tendered him, as a political
life was not his choice. About the year 1850 ho
removed to Illinois, and there died, as mentioned
at the beginning of this article. In his earlier life
he was skeptical, liut whitn nearly fifty years of ago
he beciime convinced of the truth of Christianity,
ami s(night and found a persoiuil participation in
its benefits. One who knew him well says of him,
"In the army, in the halls of legislation, in the
courts of justice, ho was faithful, wise, impartial,
and capable. Three sons survive him ; the eldest
being Dr. J. A. Smith, editor of the Slaiidurd ; the
others, John L. Smith, Esq., of Omaha, and Prof.
I'i. C. Smith, of Dixon, 111. One daughter of four
is left, — ^Mrs. Lucy M. Olin, widow of J. K. Olin,
Esq., a son of Hon. llmiry (Jlin, of Vermont, and
brother of Dr. Stephen Olin, so well known as
president of Wesleyan University. The youngest
daughter, wife of Uev. W. Vf. Ilarsha, D.D., of
Jacksonvilli!, III., died a few years sinc<? ; another,
wife of Dr. A. Kendriek, of Waukesha, Wis., died
some years before; while the second daughter has
slept during more than a generation iu the soil of
Vermont.

Smith, Dester P., D.D., was bom in Tully,
N. Y., Deo. Itj, I.SIO; entered Madison University,
N. Y., in 1831, and remained some time in the
theological department after graduation. He had
consecrated himself to the foreign mission work,
but enfeebled health prevented him entering upon
this service. For a year and a half he was pastor
of the Baptist ehureh of .Manchester, Vt. He was
also pastor in Strykersville, N. Y., where ho bap-
tized 200. In 1845 he came to Iowa (hty, Iowa,
and was pastor of the church there until 1851,
during which time a goml meeting-house wa.s
erected and theidnireh gained a commanding posi-
tion. From 18,'jl to IS59 he was the general agent
for Sunday-schools for the State. From 1858 to

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SMITH

11)1)4

SMITH

18C1 he served a.s liiiunciiil assent of tlie Iowa Bap-
tist State Convciitinn, and I'ur a nuiiiber of years
lie was tlie secretary of tlie Iowa iJaptist Union lor
Minislerial Ivlueation \lf still r(^sick's in Iowa
City,\vliero I'or tliirty-five years he and his honored
wife have conimaiided the respeet of that eonuiin-
nlty and exercised a saviiij^ inllii-enee over many
hearts. 'I'honiih not now engaged in any ecuiseeii-
live lah(n-s. hr, is doing good servii'e I'or (Jhrist and
the Baptist cause in Iowa. Conciliatory in spirit,
earnest in pni'pose, and wise in counsel, his useful-
ness continues with declining years, and makes his
presence an impulse and power in the deliberations
and plans of his brethren in the State.

Smith, Prof. D. Townsend, was ))orn on Kdisto
Island, near Cliark',-,ton, S. (J., Aug. 9, 1.S42. He
left the Junior class in the South Carolina College
to join the army near fiie commeneement of the
late war. and served as a private until its close.
His early conversion is but one of the many illus-
trations of the truth of Solomon's adage, "'J'rain
up a child in the way he should go, and when he
is old lie will not depart from it."

Soon after the war he rc.-umed his studies in
Furuian University. On the death of Prof. Ed-
wards in 18(JT he took the lower classes in Latin
and Greek. He was retained after his graduation
the same year as I'rol'essor of Languages, and has
occupied that position ever since.

Smith, Eli B., D.D., was bom in Shoreliani,
Vt., April IG, l^iCi. While preparing for college
lie was hopefully converted at the age of fourteen,
and united with the church Feb. 3, IS 17. He
graduated at Aliddlebury College in 1S23; spent
two years at Audover in theological study ; and,
as a niemljer of the first class at Newton, graduated
from that institution in 1.S2G, the other meniber of
the class being Kev. John L. \Vestoji. In Sejitein-
Ijer, at tlie meeting of the Boston Baptist Associa-
tion held in South Reading, he was ordained as an
evangelist, and entered at once upon his duties
as pastor of the Baptist church in Butfalo, N. Y.
At this time it was a small church, numbering but
a little ovi'r thirty members, and had no house of
worshi]!. Under his energetic elforts a meeting-
house was erected, and dedicated in the summer
of 1828. Dr. Smith continued with the church
in Bulfalo until June, 1829, when he resigned and
accepted a call to Fimltney, Vt. He had the satis-
faction of seeing ids labors blessed in that place, and
large numbers were converted under his ministry.
Dr. Smith was called away from this happy and suc-
cessful pa-ilorate to take charge of the New Hamp-
ton Academy, upon the resignation of its principal,
Bev. B. F. Farnsworth. He entered upon the duties-
of ids olliee in Jlay, I834,_and found himself asso-
ciated with teachers who stood in the first rank of
their profession, among whom were Miss iMartha

Hazeltine, for twelve years the lady principal of
the institution, and Aliss Sarah Sleeper, afterwards
the w ife of Kev. Dr. -loncs, of Siani, and, aftin- his
decease, the wife o( Kev. S. J. Smith. 'I'he Sficcial
department which came under the supervision o!
Dr. Smith was that of theology, and in condiiol-
iug that de[iartment he performed a serviia' for the
churches the value of which cannot be easily esti-
mated.

I'resiilent Smith, for twenty years, gave himself
with the utmost enthusiasm to the great work to
which he had been called. 'I'he discouragement-^
were many, owing to the want of pecuniary en-
dowment, but they were met with a heroic spirit
of sacrifice for the cause of education. In the fall
of I8.i3 the institution was removed to Fairfax, Vt.,
and it seemed as if its future prosperity was guaran-
teed at once by the change of location. Unexpected
dilliculties arose, and new burdens came upon its
presiding olficer. Domestic sorrows also added to
the weight of his cares. He resigned his office as
liresident of the New Hampton Institution in Octo-
ber, 18G0. He dieil Jan. 5, 1801, at Colchester, Vt.
In summing up the ti'aits of character which were
most conspicuous in Dr. Smith, his associate in of-
fice, the Rev. Dr. Jaiiu's Upham, selects the follow-
ing as deserving ol' special notice: " his fixedness
of purpose, his self-control, his wisdom in council,
his administrative talent, and his practicalness of
mind.'' The inlluence he exerted directly and in-
directly on the Baptist churches in Vermont and
New Hampshire was very great. He left the mark
of his own sterling mind upon a multitude of others,
who, in the ministry and occupying important posts
in Church and Stale, have served faithfully their
(iod and the generation.

Smith, Rev. Elijlhalet, was the minister of a
Presbyterian church in Deerfield, N. IL, in 1770.
At tliat time he was a young man, distinguished ii)r
talents, piety, and success. While preaching on
the words, " If ye love nie keep my command-
ments" (John xiv. 15), the truth about baptism
Hashed into his mind so clearly that he felt com-
picUed to proclaim it to his peojile; and President
Manning says that " he convinced the church of
which he w-as pastor that believer's baptism, by
immersion, oiili/ is a divine institution." And he
further states that '• they sent a messenger to him
to eoiue and administer the ordinance to both min-
ister and people, the most of wdiom expected im-
mediately to submit tlKuido." Dr. Manning, on
account of the distaui-e, i-e((Ues(cd Or. He/.(d<iah
Smith, of Haverhill, .Ma>s., to lake his place. On
Thursday, J line 14, 1770, Dr. Smith baptized the
pastor and a portiiui of his people ; on the same
day a church was fiu-ined, and two days later the
ex-l'resbyterian minister baptized seven persons
into the fellowship of the Uaptisb cliuroh, of which

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l.llllfll'. >-\Ui OVJ'N

SMITH

10(1,

SMITH

he hiid boiiii. uloctuJ tlie piistor. Elipljalot Smith
h:ul tliu stroiij^ost tlmsoiis lor i-otuiiiiiiu; liis did I'aitli,
iind iiutliiiiL!; Ijiit tliu foi-co of truth can aocoiint fur
a cliiiiiL:;(^ NO ruiiiurkaliK'. In other (li'iioiiiinalioiis
tlio Ijord lias trained throii;;.s of liaptist iniiiistcrs
and iiiiiUitudea of Baptists.

Smith, Rev. Francis, was horn in*«'hat ia now
NVakclicld. but was formerly South Heading, Mass.,
• luly 1-, ISlll. lie L'raduated at Browii University
in the class of ISIjT, and at Newton in the clas.s of
J8-10. He was ordained as the pastor id' tlio Fourth
liaptist elinrch in l'ro\ idenei', It. I. For thirleen
years he eontimuMl the minister of the ehureh.
Ila|)py in his rcsidrnee in I'l'ovidi^nee he did not
remove from the city, l)ut, while livinj; here, sup-
plied, one after another, several small religions .so-
eioties, and for aliout two years the church in Uut-
land, Vt. l'"or three years he was the district
secret.iry for New FnL:;land of the Anu'rii'an Bap-
tist I'ublioafion Society. 'J'ho clo.sinu; part cd' his
life was sjient in the most acceptabli; missionary
laboi's in and about Providence. He died Jan. 2'.>^
1S7-J.

Smith, Maj.-Gen. Green Clay, was born at
Uiclnmnid, Ky.,.luly '1, IS32. After attendinj^ a
jireparatory school at I'anville, lu; entereil 'J'ransyl-
vania University, graduatin^' in bSTiU. He studied
in the ollice of his fallier, Hon. .John Speed Smith,
and graduated in a law-school at Ijcxington, in
1S5M. After a parlnersliip of several years with his
father, wdiich terminated in 1S58, he commenced
business in I'ovington. In ISbO be was elected to
the Kentucky L(^gislatnre. in I8(il he entered the
army as a private, and during the civil war attained
the rank of nmjor-general. In IStli; he was elected
to Congress, and served two terms. At the close
(d' his second term he was appointed governor of
Montaim, in which position he acted until the fall
of 1868, when lie resigned for the purpose of en-
tering the go.spel ministry. He united with a Bajj-
tist church, of wdiich his mother (a daughter of
Gen. Green Clay and sister of Hon. Cassius M.
Clay) was a member. He was licensed to preach,
and ordained in ISG'J. He was called to the Bap-
tist church in Frankfort, and served as pastor sev-
eral years, when he resigned, and engaged in the
more laborious work of an evangelist. He after-
wards look charge of the Second church in Frank-
fort, to which he now ministers. He was elected
moderator of the General Association of Baptists in
Kentucky in 187'J, and was re-elected in 18S0. He
is a chaste and pleasing orator, has been very suc-
cessful in his holy calling, and is much beloved by
his lirethren. ,

Smith, Hezekiah, D.D.— Fortunately for the

writer of this sketch of ]>r. Smith, the materials lor

doing it are abundant in th(! interesting memoii.il.s

furnished l>y Dr. S. F. Smith for Dr. Spragae's

08

"Annals," and in the centennial disoonrse of the
late lb-. Arthur S. Train, of Haverhill.

'file birthplace of lie/.ekiah Smith was Ivong
Island, N. Y. He was born April Lil, 17u7. His
college life was spent in Princeton, N. J., where he
graduated in I7f)-, under the presidiuicy of that
prince of pulpit orators, llev. Samuel iJavies, lie
was ordained at Oharleston, S. C., but assumed no
pastoral charge at the South, although he jireaclicd
constantly as op|)ortuuity pri;sented. Jn 1704 he
came to New Knglanil, and ]jreached for some time
in the west parish of the town of Haverhill. Mass.,
to a Congregational church, where his labors were
} greatly a|)|)reciated and much l]less(;d. As, how-
j ever, Ik; was a most conscientious Baptist, it could
I not be expected that he could long sustain such a
relation as this. 'I'he circumstance which led him
to make Haverhill the scene of what pr<ived to be
a most successful ministry is thus related )jy Dr. S.
F. Smith :

" .Mr. Smith now rescdved to return to New .Jer-
sey, where several of his relatives resided. The
day was fixed for his departure from the scene of
his laliors and successes. In the morning several
young persons came to visit him, deeply all'ected
by the prospect of losing their lovdl and revered
teacher, by whose instrumentality they had been
brought to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ. They
exhibited their ardent ati'ection towards him, and
expressed the wish that he would liajitize them.
Still they found him fixed in his determination.
Notsvithstamling, they ventured to utter their con-
viction that he would soon return and be their
minister. He replied, ' If I rctui'ii, your prayers
will bring me back.' The same day he proceeded
to Boston, and the day following commenced his
journey to I'rovidence. But after he had advanced
eighteen or twenty miles, the words were impressed
with unusual weight on his mind, ' Strengthen ye
the weak hands, and coiilirm the feeble knees.
.Say to them that arc of a fearful heart, Be strong,
fear not: behold, your God will come with ven-
geaiice, even God with a recompense; he will come
and save you.' Stopping his horse, he mused
awhile on the occurrence. lie soon iirocecded, but
was shortly after arrested again by the same jiass-
agc. Yiiddiiig to the im|iulsc, he turnetl his horse,
and rode back to Boston. Here he found two per-
sons, sent by his friends in Haverhill to solicit his
reliirii. He rcadilv accepted their invitation, and
went back the next day to Haverhill, where he
was received with many expressions of ull'ection
and gratitude."

The church in Haverhill was organized May 9,
17f>.'i, and its pastor [lublicly recognized Nov. ]-,■
i7b(), and he held that position for forty years.
Faithful to the trusts that were committed to bis
hands, lie felt it to be bis duty no less than his

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SMITH

10G(i

SMITH

pi'ivilu^u to |ii-i.';ii-li the g(is|icl in tlje i-L'j;ions be-
yond tlio lieKI ol' Ills own spcoial ciiltivution. Ae-
cordiiij^ly, autln^ iiniler tlio clircetioii and by tbe ad-
vice ol' Ids cbuieb, be would btart out, arcoMijianicd
by one or two of liis nieniljei's, to make evaiig<d-
izinn tours through destitute sections of New Ilaiiip-
shiro and the distriet of Maine. "Meturninif; from
tliese towns, lie would call the church toiiethcr, as
the apostles did in |]riniili\ e tiiiies, and ndiCLUse the
wonderful things wbieli God had wrought Ijy their
hands. Persons holding IJaptist views, but living
too far away from any church id' tiieir own faith
and order, would be brought into vital relations
with the llavuiliiU church. In the course of time
the |)0|Hilation would increase in the (ilaccs where
these perscms lived, and there would be encourage-
ment to fcH'm Ua|)tist churches (jut ol' thi.'so scat-
tered materials. " 'I'hirteen chui'ches'' we are Inld
were thus estalilishcd by the action of the llaver-
liill church and the evanguliiiing labors of its min-
isters and mendicis.

In connection with such friends of religious free-
dom as Backus, i'rc.--ident .Manning, his friend and
college classmate, and others of kindled spirit, he
laliored incessantly to have the Baptists delivered
from the oppression wliicli they sull'ered from the
standing oi'der. Jlc took, moreover, the ileepcst
interest in tiie prosperity of the new college which
had been established in Rhode Island, and at one
time was absent nearly nine months collecting
funds for it. 'When the war of the Uovolution
brcjkc out, he was appointed chaplain in the Amer-
ican army. Here he was brought into terms of in-
timate relations with Gen. Washington, and enjoyed
the eoniidence and friendship of that great and good
man. As soon as he could be released from his
duties in the army be gladly returned to his be-
loved church, and took up his mijiisterial and ))as-
toral work where he had laid it down. Preaching
in the sacred desk, and from house to bouse, liter-
ally " in season and out of season,'' making his
evangelical tours through dillerent sections of New
England ; his coming was everywhere hailed with
delight, now in the " backwo(jds'' of iMaine, now
among the grand old hills of New Hampshire, and
now attcniling the meetings of the corporation of
Drown University in Rhode Island; such is a pic-
ture of the life of one of the busiest ministers of
his times. " He often expressed the wish," says
Dr. S. F. Smith, " that ho might not outlive his
usefulness, and his desire was graciously fullilled.
He preached for the last time, among his people,
on the iSahbath, from John xii. 24: ' K.xcept a corn
of wheat fall into the gr(Hind and die, it abideth
alone; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fiuit.'
The sermon was unusually impressive, arid a re-
vival (d' religion followed, to wdiich it seemed intro-
ductory. On the 'I'liursday succeeding he was sei/.ed

with paralysis, and spcdvc no more. His life-work
wa.s liTiished and its record complete. He lay a
week in this condition, and died Jan. 22, 1HU5, in
the si.xty-eightb year id his age and llic forty-second
of his ministry."

It is not dillicult to assiiin the place which Hcze-
kiah Smith will always be regariled as having held
among the l)a|itisl falhei's of New England. It is
sale to say that no man did more than hi', to give char-
acter to the denomination which had to light every
stop of its way in securing lor itself a foothold, and
at last a permanent home in the Eastern States.
There was no good cause in which he did not take
an interest. He lived a most useful life. Like one
i<( kindred spirit wdio came after him, — Ur. Baldwin,
— the summons to depart and be with Christ came
suddenly, but found him prepared for it. Hi'vuiit
and loving hands laid him away in his grave, with
many of his own parishioners sleeping by his side,
and his own dust mingling with that of the friends
of his youth and the co-workers of his riper years.

Smith, Rev. James, widely known as the author
of the " Daily Remembrancer" and other evarigid-
ical works of large circulation, was born Nov. I'.t,
1802. AVhen he was eighteen years of age he was
baptizeij and admitted into the Baptist church of
his native place, — Brentford, England. Manifest-
ing gifts of utterance, he Was encouraged to preach ;
but he was slow to yield to the solicitations of his
pastor and the brethren. In IS2'.) he was invited
to become pastor of a congregation in Cheltenham,
to which he had preached as a probationer for
several months. Soon after bis settlement in
Cheltenham he was convinced of the duty of
pointedly addressing the unconverted, to which
many of his friends vehemently objected. He
thei'cfore withdrew from the cdiHce where he had
hitherto ministered and organized a new church
in 18.'i5. His ministry was remarkably successful
until 1.S4 I, w hen he removed to tlie New Park Street
church, London, now the Metropolitan Tabei'nacle.
His London nnnistry was not unsuccessful, but he
never felt the comfort and encouragement he had
enjoyed in his old licld. Failing health at length
led him to leave London. He preached at Byrom
Street, Liveriiool, in ISoO for a short time, and
subse()uently at Shrewsbury. At length, in 1852,
he returned to Cheltenham. Here old friends ral-
lied around him, uumy new friends were raised up,
and the remainder of his life till the period of his
final illness was spent in building up a. large and
important clnirch, anil in every good woi'd and
work. A new edilin:, called Cambrav chapel, was
built and opened in 18.")5. In bsbl be was allacked
by paralysis, and, all hough he |)artially recovered,
and his life was prolonged, his public labors were
ended. He died Dec. 14, l,S(i2. Only great energy
of character and earnestness of purjioso could have

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sMirir

Km

SMITH

siistiiiiioil liim amidst sueli in ulti furious exertions,
and doiibtli-'i.'i liis I'onstitntiun, tli(umli naturiilly
viironjiis, succiuiilicd to a pressure too ureat lor its
s(ri;ii;j;tli. Ilr had tin; jicii cjf a ready wiiti'i'. iN'o
fi!W(a- than I'urty distinct productions wc'r<; i^ivt'U
to tlio ]Mess, and lie was a constant and always
aece|ital)le contrilmtor to several I'elii^iou's [lerioili-
euls. His writiuL's are eliaraetcrizcd Ijy f;reat |ilain-
ness of diction, reniarkalde lelicity of Scriptoro
quotation and illustration., and an exulnaant rich-
ness of Christian exiieriejice. Cultivated |iersons
of all ranks as well as unlettered Christians boULdit
James Smith's little l)o(dcs. They had an inimenso
sale; hut as he wrote mainly with a view, as he
said, to the ])oor of the Ijord's Hock, his books were
))ubli5hed at a very cliea]j rate, and the author's
prolits were nut lar^e. l!y his |n'Ciicliinji and his
pen lie turned many to righteousness, and few
ministers of any denominati(ai, who were contem-
porary with him, were worthier to be considered a
jnaster in Israel.

Smith, Rev. James F., was born in Jessamine
Co., Ivy., in ISll; iriade a profession of relif^ion
when twenty-four years of aije, and was baptized
by Jlev. Jeremiah Taylor, of Marion Co., Mo., who
■was the first past(jr of the Bethel 15aptist church.

lirotlier Smith was ordained in ISf.i. lie has
helped to organize many churches, and has labored
a threat deal in revivttl niectinirs. Over 12(M) jier-
sons have lieen baptized by him upon a prol'osiou
of faith, and as many, more have been converted
in meelin;;s he has held who wi'ie baptized liy
other pastors, lie has for nearly fmty years Ijeen
a standard-bearer of the Cross in North Missouri,
wdiere he is now an active and highly esteemed
Chiistlaii minister.

Smith, James Wheaton, D.D., was born at
Providence, K. 1., June 21), IS23. His father, Jlon.
Noah Smith, served the .State in both branches of
the Ijegislature, was a nieinber of the governor's
eonncil, secretary of stati; in iMaine, and candidate
for governor, and at the time of his death, in 18(J7,
was chief legislative clerk in the United States
.Senate. His mother's nniiden name was Hannah
1). Wheaton, a near relative of Mr. Henrv Wheaton,
author of '•International Law" and '' History of
■the Northmen."

His |iarents removed to Calais, Me., w hen he was
ten years of age. He was baptized in his twelfth
vear by llev. James lluekins, and united with the
Calais church, then recently formed, of which his
father was a deai.'oii and his mother a devoted
member. He was one of sixty children baptized
about the same time into the fellowship of that
cliurcli. Entiu'ed llrown University in 1844, an<l
graduated in 1 848, receiving the '■Jiiekson pre-
mium" for the best essay on Moral I'hilosophy ;
irraduated from Newton Theological Institution in

IS.tI. While yet ii student at Newton was ordained
pastor id' the \\''ortlien Street church, Lowell, Mass.
Li l.S,").'i he bei'aiiii' pastor of the Sprue(! Si;reet
ehureli, i'biladcdphia, and has remained in con-

jMiios »'iii:aton sMirii, u.h.

tinuoiis pastoral relations with that people to the
present time. In 1S7U, under his elileient leader-
ship, a Colony went out from the Spruce Strei^t
eluireh to a growing and impiu-tant centre of popu-
lation and organized the iSi'tli Eden cliureh, whose
beautiful sanctuary at the corner of ]5rnad and
Spruce .Streets, one of the most attractive chureli
buildings in the city, was recently iiurned down.
In this new fndd of labor he continueil in pastoral
service until ISSd, when his impaired . health in-
duced him to tender his resignation ; w hereupon
the church immediately ele<-ted him " Pastor Emer-
itus." He continues in their fidlow-liip, and his
increasing strength gives promise of many years
(d' useful labor. He received the degree of l>.l).
in lS(i2 fnim the university at Lewisburg.

I)r. .Smith has been long and prominently identi-
fied with the various educational and missionary
societies of the denomination, and has frequently
lieen called upon to aid in the management of im-
portant secular and religious trusts. During what
may be called the forcing period in Phihuhdphiii
no man has e.\erted a wider inllnence. It was often
his to set the k(;y-note of denomiiiiitional thought
anil feeling, and sJiape some of the grandest enter-
prises in the State. Ho is a man of commandinf;
|U'csence, ami is )iossessed of rare pulpit talents. His
manners are easy and graeefiil, and his diction

WWV.'

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;:il .nd

SMITH

1068

synvn

fluent mill i'lf!;;iiiit. He preacliea without notes,
iiiij (lovelij|is liis subject witli logiciil t'leai-iics.s iiiid
liiu^iietie |iu\V('r. lie is an adept in |i(ileiiiii's, and,
iiltlu)Uf;li Ills iliseourses arc^ iiiai iced hy a Inlluess ol'
(mtliolieity, lie is nevertlieles.s qiiiek, I'liveerul, and
tender in lii.s defense of " the faith oiiee delivered
tu the saints." He has Ijecn a frcfjuent eontributor
til denoiuinatidiial literature, ami the "' liiriMirJcihn
1'. Cro/.er," |inhlished in 186S, is a beaiitil'iil |jrud-
nct 111' his :ira|ihie pen.

Smith, Judge J. B., an eloquent preacher and
distinguished jurist at Clinton, La., believed to
have been a native uC V^iri^inia, caiiie tu Louisiana
in 183'J as a iiiis.siunary ol' tlio Aineriean 15a]itist
Home Missionary Society, and labored in the lied
River rei^iiin ; in 1S.')() he aiiled in the constitution
of the elnireh at Olintiiii, La. He lueated here and
engajieil siieeessfully in the practice of the law,
preaching in the surrounding country ; vi'a.s district
judge for one or more terms ; fell a victim to yellow
fever in 1S5S.

Smith, J. Byington, D.D., was born in Seroon,
N. v., .May 1, 1830. He was baptized by llev.
John Sniitzer into the fellowsliip of the Baptist
cluu-ch of Elbridge, N. Y., in ISdli. He was gradii-
atcil from the University and the 'f henlogical Semi-
nary of Koeliester. He hiliored awhile in Ihmkirk,
where lie was ordained to the work of the ministry
in 1854. In 1855 he settled at Fayctteville, N. Y.,
where he remained five years, during which many
additions were. made to the church by baptism.

In ISfiO he settled with the Farmerville Baptist
church, where his jiastorate continin;d six years,
during which a line house of worship was built.
From 18G0 to 1860 he filled the olliee of chaplain
of the prison at Sing Sing, on the Hudson. The
other oilieers in charge said he was the most suc-
cessful chaplain ever chosen to fill that place.

In ISO;) he accepted the pastorate of the Baptist
chiireh of Geneva, N. Y., which continued seven .
years. He then spent a year traveling in Europe,
and on his return settled as pastor of the church
of Peekskill, N. Y. While chaplain in Sing Sing
he published the " Prison Hymn i5ouk,'' a selection
well adapted to prisoners, which is still in use
in some of the prisons. He is also the author
of "Sayings and Doings of Children," (inblished
by U. 1). Ward, and "Sunday-School Concert Kxer-
eises." Several of his sermons and public addresses
have also been published.

Smith, Hon. John, Iho first [lastor of the First
Baptist church in Ohio, organized at (Columbia,
near Cincinnati, in 17'J0. .Mr. Smith was a man
of line natural abilities and most pleasing adilress,
and beeamc so popular in the new State that he
■was elected a United States Si'iiator d.inog the
administration of Jcll'crson, and spent the rest of
his lile in political and public all'airs.

Smith, John Lawrence, M.D,, LL.D,, one of

the most distinguished scientists in the United
States, and eqinillv (-listinguishcd in Europe, was
born near Charleston, S. C, Dee. 16, INhS. Hi;

wmm'»

JOHN I.AWIU'.N'l E SJIITII, M.li., 1,1.. II.

was educated in ('harlcston College and in the
University of \'irgiiiia. At first he selected civil
engineering for his profession. After devoting two
years to the study of its various branches, in-
cluding geoloify and mining, he was eiiiphiYed as
assistant engineer on the Charleston and (Cincin-
nati Railroad. This pursuit pro\ing uncongcMiial,
he eomnieneed thi' study of medicine, and grad-
uated in Ihe medical school of the University of
South ('arolina, and then jiursued his eilucation
for three years in France and Germany. Upon
returning to the United States, in 1844, he eoni-
menced the practice of medicine at Charleston, and
shortly afterwards received the appointment of as-
sayer id' bullion for South Carolina. At the re-
((uest of the sultan, he was selected by the Presi-
dent of the United States, in 1846, to instruct
Turkish agriculturists in the metlu'ds of eulti-
vutilig cotton. On his arrival in 'I'nrkey he was
appointed mining engineer to the 'I'lirkish goveni-
nient, :ind occupied the por-ition four years, made
extensive iiiineralogical exploraiioiis, apd published
a report " On Ihe 'f hernial Waters of Asia iMinor''
in I84'J. On his ri'tuni Irom Turkey he was instru-
mental in the discmery of deposits of emery and
corundiiiii in the United States. I |i> invented, in
I8;)l, the inverted niieroseope, and in that year was
electetl Professor of Chemistry in the University of

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SMITH

loCi)

SMITH

Vir^iiiiii. Ili:\v;i8 i]iiin-iu(l t(i tliiMlaiiLflitcr ol' lliiii.
JiuiLCS (iutliric, of Liiuisville, Ky., aiul .settlod in
tliiit city ulidiit IS")!), and wiis a[i|ioiiituJ to the
cliiiii- of (Mioniisti'y in tin' nipdioiil di'pai'tinent of
tlio Uiiiver.sity of l.iniisvillc. I[t' held this position
sevmal years, and thrn resii^ned to take charj^e of
llie seirntilic de|iartnient of the Louisville (ias-
NVoi-ks, which position ho still retains. Aliont
l^.'l,"l he nnule a |>rolession of rcdi^ion, and uidted
vith the \Valnnt Street Baptist chni'ch in Louis-
ville, of whieh he has since been ii pious, I'aitlifnl,
and useful ineuiher. Addini; liis own fortune to
that of his most c^xecllent (Jhvistian wife, he pos-
sesses abundant means for indul;:;in;; his fimdness
for study, iMvestij;atioii, and scientille hibor. lie
has made many discoveries and inventions. His
Drii^inal researclies are embraced in upwards of
■seventy papcu's, a list of whieh has been publisliod
by the Koyal .Society of l''.nL;biinl. He is a mem-
ber of the American National Academy of Sciences,
etc., memhro corr6spoiidant de I'Jnstitut de France
(Academic dos Sciences), etc., member of the Chem-
ical Society of Berlin, of the Chemical Society of
I'aris, of the Chemical Society of J^ondou, of the
Socifte d'J'Jneonrajrement pour I'Indnstrie Na-
tionale, of the Imperial iMineralo^ical Society of
St. I'etersbnrj^, eorrespondiuL; member of the Bos-
ton Society of Natural History, of tln^ Anu'rirau
.\eademy of Arts and Siieiiees, of the American
I'liilosophical Society, American Uureau of .Mines,
the Societe des Sciences et des Arts do Hainaut,
etc., Chevalii'r de la Le;;ioii irilonneur, menilier of
till: Orde'r of Nichan Iltahar of Turkey, member
of the Order of Mijiddeli of Turkey, Chevalier of
the Imperial Orih'r of St. Stanislaus of Russia.

Smith, Rev. Joseph, was bmai in Hampstead,
N. II., -Ian, Ml, IstlS. lie Winked on his lather's
farm until he roaidied thcage of nineteen. Feeling it
to he his duty to prepare for the ('liristian ministry,
he eomrueneed his studies at the New Hampton
Academy, and then iep;ilred to the Newton Theo-
loiiie-al Institution with the purpose of completing
them there. Imiiressed. however, with thi'<:onviction
that it Would he wise to extend his course of study,
he went through Hrown University, giaduating in
1837. On leaving college he was ordained pastor of
the churrh iji Woonsocket, It. 1., where he remained
until bSII, when he rennived to Newport, 11. I.,
where he was the pastor of the First Baptist church
fur nine year.s. It was a season of ]irosperity with
the church. He resigiu'd his pastorate in 18.J0,
and after two years he became pastor of the church
in Grafton, Mass., and riuiniined such for five years.
After a brief coniu;ction with the " Fennile Colle-
giate Institute," in Woreester, be took charge, in
l>5r)2, of the church in North Oxford, Mass., wheii-
lie remained until his death, which occurred sud-
■rtenly, April :Jl), ISlib.

Smith, Josiah Torrey, L.D., was iMim at Wil-
llamstown, Mass., Aug. -1, IMo. He made a pro-
fession of faith at the early age of fourteen, being
liaptized in December, l.S'JO. He fitted for college
at Cumiiiinglon and Williamstown, and graduated
at Williams College in the class of "1842. His theo-
logii;al studies were pursued at Newton, and he
was ordained at Lanesborough, Mass., in 1845.
Mr. Smith has served the following lia|itist
churches: Lanesborough, Sandisfleld, ami Hins-
dale, in Massachusetts; Bristol, in Connecticut;
Amherst, Mass., Woodstock, Conn., and ^V'arwick,
II. I. Besiiles performing his ministerial and pias-
toral work, he has found time for the ]ire|iaralion
of articles for some of our leading qiuirterlies, and
for tlie dally secular and weekly religious press.
He has written for the Bilillcal RrpusHorij, the
Christian L'tciciv, the Conijnyalii'nal Jteciew, the
liiililist (titaiicdij, and the lUijiiist MissiaiKii-;/
Maijaziite. He has also contributed to the ]\'alili-
viaii, the Ckiisliaa Evit, the Chrisliaii Secrtlarij.
and tlie New York Examin<:v. He has published
the following treatises on subjects 'jonnected with
Baptist seutiments: "Review of Peters on Bap-

tism,'

The Covenant of Circumcision, Consid-

ered in its Relation to Christian Baptism," " New
'I'estament and Historical Arguments lor Infant
Bapti.sm Considered." One or two ollnr pam-
phlets, the production cd' his jien. have been pub-
lished. The present residence of Dr. Smith is
Warwick, R. I.

Smith, Justin A., D.D., was born on the 29tli
of December, 181'J, at Ticonderoga, N. Y. His
father, Ahiierin Smith, was a man of inllueni'e
and ability, and encouraged the literarj' tastes
early develuped in his son. At the age of fifteen
he studied one year at New llaiiipton Literary and
'I'heological Institute. Soon after his return home lie
was converted, and united with the Baptist church
in Ticonderoga. After three years' suspension of
study, save such as could be carried on (irivately,
and a few mouths of study in North (iranvillo
-\cadeniy, lie entered Union College, Seheneelady,
N. Y., graduating in 1S43, Dr. Alonzo Potter being
tlien ai'ting |iresident, altliongh Dr. Nott, so famous
in bis tiiiii', was still alive, and by no means [last
service. After gradualion be servi.'d one year as
principal of Union Academy, at Bennington, Vt.
Hi.s thoughts, however, had been directed towards
the ininistrv, and at the solicitation of the jicople
he preaclied a few times for them. The church of
North Bennington having urgently called him to
the pastorate, he at once relinquished his project
of teaching, and assnnu^d the pastoral care of the
ehurch. Here he remained live years. From it
lie was called to the ]iastorale of the I'irst Baptist
church of Itoehester, N. Y., Mdiere he labored for
live nunc vears. In iJ^'i.'i, having resigned his

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SMITH

1070

S.VlTir

cliarj^e iit KiicIiosLl'I', lie ruiiidvcl lo (.;iiir;u^ii, HI.,
and bcc:iMio iissuuiatcd witli llrv. Lcrciy Cliiiruli in
tlio oilit()r.>lii|) (if tlie Vlirislidii Thfu-if. llore he
lumij tin: s|ihei-i! ol' labor to wliicli liia tastes aiu]

Jl'STlX A. SMITH, [).D.

talents most adapted liiiii, and in the iiiana,i;eiuent
(if this jiapei' he has eoiitimieil up to the present
time. Dr. Smith, after twenty-einht yi:ars of edi-
torship, still maintains tlie prim-ipal editorial con-
trol of the paper, now ealleil the StanilarJ, and
with no less vigor and ability than at his lirst eon-
lii'(;tion with it.

Besides his joitrnalistie labors during this period,
ho has engaged e.Ktensi\ely and intlnentially in
church work. It has been his ]irivilegc to lead in
the organization of three Baptist churches of the
city which have liad creditable histories ; the North
Bajitist cliureh, in 1807, the Indiana Avenue, in
1863, of which he was pastor live years, and the
University Place church, which ho served for some
months, leaving it for an extended European tour
for triivcl and study, and als(j in part for attendance
at the Vatican (.'ouncil at Jiouic in ISG'J.

Not a lew excellent books have coaiu from Dr.
Smith's pen, the best known being the "Memoir
of Nathaniel <.'olver," the '• Shetland Apostle," tho
"Spirit in the W'ud,'' and '' Patmos ; or, tlio
Kingdoiii and tlic Patience.'' One or two other
works are now in pro.eess of |)reparation. He has
devoted no little time aixl energy to the edueatioiuil
interests of the denomination, having bei'ii cmi-
nected as a trustee with the University of t^ni.-ago
and the Theological Seminary from theii' Inunda-

tion, lie is at present giving two courses of hec-
tares each year in the seminary, and is thus en-
abled to meet personally and to strongly inlluence
many ol' the young nu;n who assunu' the care of
churcln-s. His writings are in a marked manner
chaste and (degant in diction, com|irebensive in
thought, while the spirit is that of an luuuble dis-
ciple <A' the Master.

Smith, Rev. Lewis, was bom in (,'hcster Co.,
I'u., .Inly lid, ISliO. His father \vas Kev. Samuel
Smith, a IJaptiNt pastor. When twenty years ohl
he Wits converteil, and baptized by Itev. A. D. Gil-
lette ; studii'd at Hamilton ; liecamo pastor uf the
church in Hatborough, I'a. ; spent several yiM\rs
as a missionary in New Mexico; returned in iSJo,
and settled with the First church of 'I'renton. Jn
1S5S he became past(jr of the largo and prosperous
church at Hightstcjwn. In IStil his failing health
warned him tn si'ek a change. AVIiilc on a journey
in iMimuisota In; departed to his rest on Aug. 2-i,
18Gt. He was an eloiiuent and powerful preacher.
A number of his sermons have been published in
a memorial volume. His brotherly alfection, out-
S|ioken patriotism, glowing devotion to the mis-
sionary cause, and deep personal piety were well
known to all who were acquainted with liim.

Smith, Rev. Lucius, the pastor of the Baptist
church in Verona, \\ is., is a native of Westmore-
land, Oneida Co., N. Y., where he was Ixnai in
1830. He was educated at Phillips Acadenn-, Ex-
eter, N. II., and ordained to the work of the Chris-
tian ministry at Bristol, Wis., in 1800. In April,
1808, he was called to the pastorate oi' the Baptist
church in Stougliton, Wis,, where he remained live
years, develo]iing line aliilities as a preacher and
pastor. In 1873 he was called to the vacant pas-
torate at Vtn'ona, Wis., ;ind his second ))astorate
still continues. He is an earnest, natural, simple,
and strong prea(dier of the gos[iel.

Smith, Lucius E., D.D., was born in Williams-
town, -Mass., dan. Li'J, 1>2l!, and graduated at AVil-
liams College in the class of 1813. He riad law
in the ollice of Hon. D. N. Dewey, of Williams-
town, and was admitted lo the liai- in 184.). He
was associate editor of the Hartford Daltij Cuuraiit
for a time, ami eilitor of the Fi'ce-Snil AdiHifaie in
1848. In 184'J he was associated with Hon. Henry
AVilson in editing the I'xjston licpuhlirait. During
the years 184'J-l8.i4 he was assistant in the secre-
tary's department of the American Baptist Mis-
siomiry Union. The rn'xt three years he spent at
Newton, graduating with the idass of 1N.')7, and
was onJained paslur of the Baptist cluirch in (iro-
ton, .Mass., in 18.08, continuing in ollice until l8(iij,
when he was appointed Professor fif lihetoric and
Pastoral Theology in the University of Lewisbnrg,
Pa., which position he held until iMiS. I»uring
tu o yeiirs of this time he was the edilur of the lUip-

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SMITH

1071

SMITH

lis/ QiKirlci'li/. In ISIiSlio cnti'iMMl upon lii.s dutii'S
;us lilciary rililor nC (Ih; Kxiliniiier ttinl C/ikiii ii/i',
iiiul lu'lil tli;it ollic!.' until ISTI'>, n lien he \v;is lmHciI
to tla' cluiir of cilitor of tlio WatcJimmi, wliioli pliico
In; ii(]W occupies.

I h'. Smiili's eilitorial o:iIiinn' sci'iiis tg lie the one
I'nr which 111' li;is spceiul ;iih1 iiiiisl Mipcrioi' (pialili-
caliiMi.s. His experience in this liiie ;j:oes hiiek t(i
his stiiileiit ihivs, when I'ui- a jear lie was editor of
the Jn/liauis MiscclUnti/, aeollei^e iiiiiL'uziiie. Pi'es-
iileut Hopkins said at llie expiration of that year's
Work. " 1 do not believe yuu are done witli editing.
1 am inclined to think it is your vocation," The
event has justilied tin! eorrei;lness of his conlident
asscrtiinis. IJcsides articles coni ri huti^il to rcvii'ws,
iMii'.x;i/.ines, and various nmvspapers, Di'. .^iiiitli
)Hililished, in 1S.';L!, '■ llmii's and Martyrs oC the
Missionary Knterpi'ise, with an Historical Review
of Earlier Missions." The dei^ree of I). I), was
eonfi'i'i'ed upon him in ISG'.l hy "Williams ('ollei;i'.
]»r. Smith is held in (he highest esteem in the
extensive lields whiidi he has itnltivaied.

Smith, Martin Henry, A.M., present piineipnl

of the C'onurcliiait Literary Institution, eldest son
of Henry and Lydia .Smith, was liorn in Sullielil,
t'onn., Auir. 5, l.'S-Jcl; converted at the age of six-
teen; baptized Ijy Dr. Dwight Ives into the hl-
lowship of the Second Baptist church in Sullicid ;
(irepared for college at the ronnecticnt Literary
In^tiiution; enti'Vcd Williams College in IN.'i,;, ami
grailuate<l in 18.")7 ; for two subse(pient years taught
mathematics in Connecticut Literary In.stitution ;
in ISo'.t was elected principal of Maysville Ialerar\'
Institute, at Maysville, Ky., a high si^hool chartered
with collegiate privileges, and remained until June,
1880, when be was elected principal of the Oonnec-
ticiit liiterary Institution ; was prouiinently iili'ii-
tilied with the Uaptists of Kentucky'; has con-
tributed valuable articles to denominational and
educational journals.

Smith, Judg-e Perrin M., was born in Middle-
bury, N. Y., in ISIl. .Vt the \Vyomiiig Academy,
at the age of nineteen, he was converted, and joined
the IJaptist Cliurch ; stiulieJ law, and entered upon
its practice in Leroy ; came to Centreville, Mich.,
in IS-I'.). He was the chief supportiu' of the chiiri'h
in that place, and a brotherly helper in all the
churches. As a trustee of Kalamazoo College, lie
v\'as earnest and judicious, expecting great things
from it, and attempting great tilings for it. Added
to the; contribntions of his lib' were, large beipiests
lor the college in his will, which, unhappily, faih'd
of realizing his designs through disastrous litiga-
tions. He was honest and manly in his profession,
mid iucori iiptible upon llie bench, from which dcalli
Hiidilcnly took him in ISCb,

Smith, Robert, the Martyr, was in the em-
ployment of Sir ThiPiuas Smith, provost of Eton

College in l.'iri."). Then he came to the ^Vindso^
College, when; he had a elcu'kship of ten pounds a
year, lie was tall and slcndi'r in stature, very
active in his labors, and invested with great powers
of mind. The lerocioiis Honner, bloody Mary's |irin-
I cipal iii(|iiisi(or in murdering the saints of Jesus,
met in him an intidlectual giant, who could expose
his sopliistrii'S in a moment and defy his rage.
When he fomnl Christ precious to his soul he was
lilh'il with a glowing entliusiasni and a fearless
Courage which made him ilespise danger andileath.
I lie was deprived of bis clerkship by Mary's visit-
ors, and brought to Newg.ite by cimniiand of the
council.

He was led in due time before [{oiiiicr, and we
give a lew of the (jncstions and answi/rs of his ex-
amination :

Bu.N'.NEn. — '' How long is it since you confessed
to any priest'.' '

S.Miiii, — "Never since 1 had years id' discretion.
For I never saw it needful, neither was I com-
mamjed of Cod to show my faults to any of that
sinful nnmlier whom yon call priests."

Bo.N'.NiCK. — '' How long is it since you received the
saeramcnt of the altarT'

S.Mirii. — " I never received the same since I had
I years of discretion, nor ever will by Cod's grace;
neither do 1 esteem the same in any point, be-
cause it hath not Coil's onlinanee, indther in name,
nor in other usage, but rallier is set up to mock
Cod."

Bonner, — "You must he burned,"

.S.MiTii, — " ^'oii shall do no more to me than you
have done to betti;r men than-eitlier of us. ]5ut
think not th(;reby to tpieiich the spirit of Cod, or
make your case good ; I'or your sore is too well seen
to be healed so privily with lilood. For e\en the
very children have all your tlecds in derision ; so
that although j-ou patch up one jilace with autlioi--
ity, yet shall it break out in forty to your shame,"

BoN.VEit. — " I believe, I tell thee, that if they
(infants) die before they bi; baptized, tliev l.ie
damned, '

Smith, — " Yesliall n,ever be saved by that bidief.
But I pray you, my lord, show nie, are we saved
by water or by Christ V"

Bo.NNEU, — " By both."

S.MlTtl, — " Then (b(! water died for our sins ; and
so must ye say that the water halli life, and it
being our servant and created for us, is our Saviour,
This, my lord, is a good dnd riiu', is it not V ( .Acts
and .Monuments, vii, pp. 3 IS. ;!,"i2. London, 1S:1H.)

The proti-acted examination id' tlii.s gieat man
shows a marvelous aeuiencss ol' mind ami lofty
heroism in danger. He was given to the llames at
Uxbiidge, and out of their midst he discoursed to
the sp(;clators. Wjirn iihirk willi .itiioKe (iiid (ilinnsl
rousted, di'iiwn lulu tt .i/tajieless masx, lutd nyarihd

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SMITH

107

SMITH

a.1 (had, he siuldenli/ iitsc up ln/hrc //if jica/ilc, llj't-
inij //ic sliiiii]>t! iij' /lis anus, ami i/aj'/iiii'i t/ic same
tiHid/ii'V, \n: t')IJ tluMii of liis triiunplKUit joys, iiiul
tlioii, heiidiii!; down over tlic tirc^, his spii-it soai'ud
ll\v;iv to tlio cvorlastiM;; f^lorii^s of ln);ivoii.

Smith, Samuel Francis, D.D., _w:is I'oin in
Htistoii, Out. 21, 1808. Ho was fittuJ for college in

SAMI'Kl. FRANX'IS SMITH, D.D.

the Boston Latin Suliool, and gradiiutcd at Har-
vard College in tlie cla^^s of IS'J'J. Among his
olassniates were Jiidi;u (i.T. Bigelow, Dr. James
Freeman Clarke. .ludue 1!. li. Curtis, Oliver ^\'en-
dell lldUnes, M.l)., I'roC. lier.jamin Pierce, and
l)r. Chandh'r Uoljl/ms. ]mmedi;itely on graduating
he went to the Anduver Tlieological Seminary, and
completed his course of stu<ly there in lSu2. For
the ne.xt year aiul a half he was the editor of tlie
JJujitis/ Mis-iiiiiiarij Maijaziae. lie was urdaiiied
jiastor of the IJaptist church in A\'aterville, JMe., in
Fehruary, [^['r2, ami elected at the same time Pro-
fessor of Modern Languages in Waterville College.
lie remained in 'Waterville eight year.s, and then
removed to Newton Centre, j\Iass., where he was
pastor of the liaptist church twelve years and a
half. During lliis period he was the editor of the
t'kiisllan liiriiW from the eommencemeut of the
seventh volume to the close of the thirteenth,
writing fur it ahnut si.xty articles, making l.'jSO
|>ages. In advliti-on to all this, lie prepared nearly
all the literary notices which were published while
hii was editor, llclias lieen edilDr of the iinhlic.i-
tioirs of the ^Vmerican Baptist -Missionary Uuioa
for about seventeen years.

Dr. Smith was the author of the national liyiiin
" My Country, 'tis of Thee," and of ihi; mission-
ary hymn " The Morning Light is Breaking,"
and of many other familiar hymns. In connec-
tion with liev. Dr. Baron Stow, he compiled the
'• Psalmist,'' wdiich for many years was a standard
hymn-book in the dcnominatiun throughout the
ciiuiilry. He has alsii published "Lyric Gems"
and " liife (if tiie Rev. Joseph Grafton." Dr.
Smith continues to reside in Newton Centre, sup-
plying a neighljoring church, and occupied with
such literary work as he tinda congenial with iiis
tastes.

Smith, Prof. S. K., D.D., was born in Litch-
field, Me., Oct. IT, 1S17. lie became a Christian
early in life, ami nunle a jirofession of religion in
his twentielh year. His studies preparatory to
college were pursued at the JMunmouth and Water-
ville Academies. He was a graduate of Waterville
College in the class of 1845. Soon after his grad-
uation he touk charge of Townsend Academy, Vt.,
where he remained until he was a|)pointed tutor of
AVaterville College, in 18 lb. lie spent (jue year at
the Newton The(dogical Institution, and then be-
came editor of Zuiu'a .Idvociilc. He occupied this
)iosition two years, at the end of which he was
chosen Professor of Khetorio in Waterville College.
In 1872 he was ordained as ii minister of the gus-
pel, and the same year received from Colby Uni-
versity the degree of D.D. Dr. Smith is still con-
nected with Colby University in tlie chair to which
he was called in 1850.

Smith, Rev. Thomas, one of the most brilliant,
popular, and couseciateil yuung jircMcliers that Ken-
tucky has ever produced, was born in Henry County,
of that State, in June, bs27. His father was a Bap-
tist, and a man of great wealth. In 1845, while
studyiiig law at Georgetown College, ho professed
religion, and joined the Baptist Church. He grad-
uated in 1S4G, and was licensed to preaeii. He
spent three years in Princeton Theological Semi-
nary. On his return to Henry County Ire eoni-
menced hiilding meetings in the churches around
him. He labored with consuming zeal and lireat
jiower, and his ministrations were blessed in the
conversion of hundreds. He went to Louisville,
united two small churches, fcu-med Walnut Street
^Japtist church, and became its lirst jiastor. After
a few inoiiths of labor witli his new charge his
health failed, never to be restored. He died in
Florida, March 8, 1S51

Smith, Gov. Wm. E., was bom in Scotland in
1824. His parents were .Mexander and Sarah
Grant Smith; both are dead. He came with them
to Anu'riea when a buy, and spent his youth in
New York and Micliii^an. He was inarried to
!Mary Booth in 1.S4'.), anil soon afterwards removed
to Wisconsin. He settled at Fox Lake, Dodge Co.,

VVViV"

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SMITH

1073

SMYTH

ami oii;i;!ijiod in hnsines.s. Mko itiiiiiy AVcstcrii
moil ufuctivily ol' lioily ami iiiiinl, Mi'. Siiiitli tonk
priictii'iil liolil ol' piililiral iiialters us soon lis liC
could vote. Ill 1851 lii; was I'K'OtuJ a incinboi' of

GOV. \V». I. SMITH.

the Loi^islature and re-elected in KSTl, when he
was chosen S[)oaker of the house. In lSo,S-5'.l he
was .State senator from his district, and In; oeeiipied
the same jiositioii in 1SIJ4-(J6. lie was electe<i
State treasurer in ISGtJ, and held the olliee I'or four
consecutive years. In 1!S58 he was a|i[jointed by
the f^overiior of the State a ineml»cr(.d' the board
of regents of normal schools, which position he
held until 187b. In 1574 lie was appointed a
director of the State prison, and retained this
position until 1878. Mr. Smith was chosen gov-
ernor of Wisconsin in 1.S77, and entered upon the
duties of his olliee in January, 1878. lie was re-
elected in 1879, receiving the largest majority ever
given to a governor in ^Viseonsin. In addition to
these public trusts, (iov. Smith has olien ln-en
chosi'ii to ciiiinly and nnin'icipal ollii.'cs, ;ind to llic
position of dirc'ctor in banks, insurance companies,
and institutions of learning. In his important and
responsible olliee his C(;nduet is visible to all men,
and it is without reproach. His intimate friends,
and indeed the whole people of the State, fully
appn'iiate the rare talents which he so ably exer-
cises in his administration, tiov. .Smith has through
his many yciirs of public ser\ iee not only main-
tuined but increased his ri'putation as a wis(! and
just legislator, and I'ailhful and conscientious e\
ecutive ollicer. lie has shown in all his public

diitic^s courage, integrity, justice, and a steady and
untiring industry. Immediately upon his settle-
iiu^nt at Heaver Dam he united with the Haptist
church, having been ]ireviously converted and bap-
tized. Of this church he was an active and useful
memlier until his removal to Milwaukee in 1871.
Gov. Smith is well known throughout the State as
an e.xeui|iiary and laboricjus Christian, a practical
and consistent temperance man, and a generous
giver to every good cause. In all the political con-
troversies of his day no attack has lieen made upon
his private character. Few men in his ]iosition
have received such considerate treatment in this
respect as (jov. Smith. In tin; early history of the
church of which he was for many years a member
he was one of its most useful men. When weak
and struggling for existence he wa.s its .sexton,
usher, Sunday-school superintendent, and deacon.
He has been a .Sunday-schu(d tea<;lier nearly all his
(,'hristian life. In the early educaticmal and mis-
sionary work of the State he has taken a ileep in-
terest. For many years he was the treasurer (jf
the State ( 'oiivention, and has always been a mem-
ber of its board.

Smyth, Rev. E. T., was born in Lawrence Dis-
trict, S. v., June .':!, I8l!8 ; removed with his parents
to Calhoun Co., Ala., in I8ii7, where he has resided
ever since ; was baptized by Kev. W. R. Harris in
184,'5 ; milained in 1N4'J. His culture is of a highly
useful character. The iirst ten years of his min-
istry were; spent with village and country churches,
and attended with gratifying success. l'\)r tvventy
years he has beiMi a jiopular pastor in the llourishing
town of Oxford, where ho has established a strong
and working church, gaining for himself the honor
of being recognizeil as one of the best pastors in -
the State, and ho is also usefully connected with
the general interests of the denomination. A good
preacher, with great energy, gifted in the details
of pastoral work, and distinguished for sound
judgment in whatever he undertakes, his life 'has
been eminently successful.

Smyth, Rev. John, was a benellced clergyman
of the Chnreli of I'jngland, holding the living of
(iainsborough, in ijineolnshire. Alt(;r Robert
lirown gavi.' his religious doctrines to his country-
men, iMr. Smyth adojiled them, and In; bi'came
very hostile to lOpiscopalian ceremonies and pre-
scribed forms of prayer. Jle sull'ered heavily from
the persecuting spirit of the times, and to escape
its evils he and a grotit company of his followers
tied to Holland in KilKi, where they united with
the English lirownist Church, of which ]\Ir. John-
sou was the pastin-, tmd .Mi-. Ainsworth the teacher.

.Mr. Smyth aihipted sentiments that rendered him
liable to the charge of .\rmiuianism : and he also
rejected infant baptism. 'I'ho Rrownist congrega-
tion was (ilb'd with agitation about him ; many ro-

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SNEED

1074

sourrr Carolina

ceivcil Ills [iriiici|ilc!i, liiit the iiruuter iiiiinbi;!- ex-
polloJ liim iiiid lii.s IVii:Mil« ; tlicy cliurgod liiiii witli
lieini; '' a nmrilcvoi' ol' tiiu souls of babes and siick-
liiiiis, l)y dt'priviiiL^ tlictiii of tliu visible seal uf sal-
vation." Several works were written ai;;aiHst .Mf.
Siiiytli's real and iniaginai-y errors. Mr. ^Vins-
wortli, teaelier of the I5rowni;st eongregation ol'
AiMsterdam, wrote one, Mr. Jolinson, tlie pastor,
|iublislie(l anotlier, i\Ir. Robinson, minister of the
]5rownist congregation of l^eyden, issued a third,
liven the good bislio|i, Josepli Hall, printed a work
against him ami other Nomionforiaists.

Mr. Smyth's enemies bring several eharL'es
against him whieh look frivolous ami ridienlous.
The most important one was that he had liapti/.ed
himself, and this they drnounee as a dreadl'ul
heresy. We see no evidence to substantiate the
charge. »

Mr. Smyth was a great man among tlie Dissent-
ers ol bis day; liislinp Hall bears I'mpliatie evi-
dence on this nuestiim ; and others spi'ak with
ecpnil force about his |irominenee. "lie was ae-
cuiiiited," says I'iphraim I'aget, '" one ^>{' the gran-
dees of the separation, and he and his iol lowers
did at once, as it were, swallow up all the rest of
tlio separation." lie was the author of four works.
He died in Kill.

Sneed, Rev. Robert, w-as a native of Virginia,
and removed to 'rennessee soun^ forty years ago;
was then a deacon of the Baptist eliurch. Ho
united with the old Sweetwater church, under the
pastorate of llev. Eli Cleveland, and soon after this
was ordained to the work of the ministry. He was
a man of giant mind. He preached extensively in
East Tennessee ; was a good pastor, a tine presid-
ing ollicer, and I'or uniny years was moderator of
the Sweetwaler Assoeiatiuii, and also of the Oeii-
eral Association. He was doctrinal in his style of
]U'eaching. lUs influence was deeply i'elt in his
days of usefulness. He died March 29, 1878, in
Kno.>iville, Tcnn. He labored most zealously lor
the salvation of men until the last few years of his
life, (luring which he siiI1im-c<I great alllietion. He
fell asleep in Jesus in the full as.surance of the
Master's approbati(in. His last words were, " Glory
to (iod !"

Snelling', Rev. Vincent, was the lirsi IJaptist
minister cm the I'aeilie coast. He was born .March
lij, 1797, in (Jhristian (afterwards (.iahlwcdl) Co.,
Ivy., of Baptist parents. At the age of thirteen
he was ba|iti/.ed, sutl'ering mni-h ridicule from his
companions, some of whom he al'terwards led to
Chri>t. He was ordained in i\Ii>souri. In IS4I
he removed to Oregon, and gave bims(df fully to
the ministry. Soon al't(;r his arrival he (n-gaui/.ed
a church at Wi'st Union, — ihe liist l!ap(i-i ehureh
west of I he Itoidcy iMountains. In ISb'. lu- cirg;in-
i/.ed the Yamhill and I.ai;renlc ehuridiei, and after-

wards assisted in I'oi'ming several others. In IS-IS
he helped to organize the ^Villamette Association,
the oldest Baptist Association on the Pacific coast.
In ]n'eaching ho was earnl■^t and practical, with
doi:trinal tendencies. He was a thorough jiioneer
ISible Baptist, and traveled extensively throULdi
I Oregon and (Jalifornia, convincing men mightily by
I tin; multitude of his Scripture procd's and his posi-
tivcness in staling the Irnlh. About tin' beginning
ol' KS.Oti he died at Yreka, Cal., in the triumph of
Chi'istian faith. The \Villam(;tt(' Association, at
its meeting in ISOG, uunle this record of him : In;
was " a fiioneer in the Btiptist cause in Oregon, a
strong |iillar, and active co-laborer in the eau.-^e of
Christ."

Snyder, Rev. Frederick, was ti graduate of
Union College, N. Y., and pastor of the First church,
l>ayton, 0., froni 1!S14 to bSol ; suhsecpiently ]ia>-
tor iif churches in Teri-e Haute, (nd., and AVil-
liamsburg, N. Y., where ho died duly '1, 18o,'i ; was
buried at Dayton, O., where he had been greatly
sne<a'ssful and mueh beloved.

South Carolina, The Baptists of. — 'I'he First

liaplist church of Charleston. S. (,'., tin' fii'st in the
colony, was proliably Ibiinded in Kittery, Me., liy
Rev. William Screven, Deacon Humphrey Clmrch-
wood, and eight other brethren, with some sisters,
in Soptcmlier. UkS!2. Persecutions in Maine, it is
said by some, dissolved the community, ami it is
certain that they drove away the leaders and others
from that territory. In the same, or in the fol-
lowing year, Mr. Screven, with a number id' his
Kittery brethrcjn, arrived in South (Carolina, and
either regarded their l''astern ihureli oigani/.ation
as still in force or formed anew one. They settled
first on the west side of the (.'ooper River, tind soon
after rcnioved to Charh'ston, then a village.

The second, the Ashley River chur(di, wa- formed
in 1730, with Rev. Isaac Chanler as ))astor.

The third, tlie Pee Dee, now the Wcdsli Keck
church, was organized in 1738. James James,
]0s(|., w;is the leader in the movement, whose son
Philip soon after became the pastor.

The fourth cliureh was the iOnhaw, formed in
17-10 as iin independent body, having for some years
been a, braneh of the Charleston church. The tjld
building was lairnt during the war. The old
barrel-like pulpit and the soiinding-ljoard were still
preserved because Whilelield had once iireached
there. The writer saw them shortly befoie they
were consumed.

TItK ClIAlibD^TOX liArnST .\SSr>C[ATION

was fuaniMl in 1751, the first meeting being held in
Charleston, Oct. 21. Rev. OPuer Hart was the
moving'spirit. Thi'y obtained fr(Mii the Philadel-
phia .\ssoeiation lirillith's " Rssay on the Nature,
P<iwer, and Duly of an .\--oeiation" as the basis

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SOlJTfl CAROLINA

1075

SOUTH CAROLINA

of uuiiiii. 'I'lu; olijcct was (locliircd to lie tlie pro-
liKiliou ol tliu Keilromor's kinj;il(iiii \>y l\n\ iiiaiiiti'-
naiico of love and lrllowslii|i. 'I'lii; iiulc|ioiideiico
of tlio cluircln^ji was assoi'tod, and llio puwiii' ul' tlic
budy rcstiiolijd lo an -advisory council.

MISSIONS.
In 17''i5 Un'Y ln'^an lo oolli'd t'nnds to siipiily lln'
destitute places with iircacliiii;;; in their own and
in the adjoining [irovinces, and the next yeaf Kev.
John (iano was sunt Ijy the I'iiiladi-lphia Associa-
tion to tlic Yadkin settlement, in Noith Carolina,
and wherever I'rovidenee might direct his steps,
and his labors were eminently successful.

CONFlCSSrOM OK I'.MTII.
In 17GT the Assoirlation adopted the Confession
of Faith published by the liondon Asseiublv in
lOS'J. That year there were S eluirches, with 'M^)
ni(!mbers, in South (Jarolina.

(JONTKIliUTIONS.

In 1774 a resolution was adopted by the Asso-
ciation recommending the churches to contribute
funds for the Uhode Island College, now I'rown
University'. The bcjdy also urged the ehureln's to
send funds to the brethren in Massachusetts, then
siitferiog for righteousness' sake.

The lieligious Society and, afterwards, the Gen-
eral 'JommittcM! were the agCTicies through which
funds f(u- mis>ions and the education of young min-
isters were colleeted'.md disbursed. Probably nearly
one hundred young men have from time to time
shared in its Ijcnefaetions. Amnug these were the
elder Dr. ISiantly, Uev. J. (>. Urocdcs, the veneralde
Jesse Jlercer, ami the writer, who most gratefully
ackiujwledges his oljligation to the same source.

KEI.IGIOUS LIBERTY.
It is jjleasing to find hero, as everywhere else,
our brethren contending for complete religious
liberty. In 177'J the Cliarleston Association ap-
pointed a stiinding committee for several purposea,
and '' particularly to treat with the government in
behalf of the churches'' for complete freedom from
political control.

NEW ASSOCrATIONS.
Churches having sprung up here and there in
the '■ backwoods," the distance sometimes traveled
to reach the Association, and the want of facilities
for traveling, loil to the formation of the Uetliel
Association in 17.S0. In 1801) the IJroad Kiver
was constituted. In 1S(J2 the Savannah Kiver, the
Saluda in ISO,';, the Kdgelield in bS08, and the
Moriah in 1815. 'I'hus did our Zion "lengthen
lier cord.s an<I strengthen her slakes," nutil, in
1819, the letter of the High Hills ehureh sugg. ,led
to the Charh^slon Assueialiou the fio'iiialion of

THE StJU't'lI CA11(JL1N,\ liAl'TIST STATE L'Ox\-
VK.N'TION.

Fi'om their settlemeuL in Siaith Ciarolina its Hap-
tist people took an active interest in ministcri.il
education and missions. In colonial times they
gave a large sum to iiid in establishing Uliodi>
Island College, now Brown University. " 'I'he lie-
ligious Society" was i'onndeil, in I7oo, in the First
church of Charleston to aid missions and minis-
terial education. This society rendered ellicient
ludp to ministers preaching among whites tmd In-
dians, and it sustained, in whole or in part, a num-
ber of candidates for the ministry who were under
the instruction of Uev. Oliver Hart and others.

In 181'.) both the Charleston and High Hills
churches suggested to the Charleston Assuciation
the propriety of forming a more general union of
the churches for this double purpose. The plan
had been drawn by I>r. U. Furman, then pastor in
Charleston. This led to the meeting of delegates
from the Charleston, S.ivannah Uiver, and Edge-
held Associations, in Columbia, in December, 1821,
who formed the ISaptist State Convention, lb.
Uichard Furmaa was its lirst president, ami held
that position until his death, Aug. 25, lS2'i. His
successors have been W. B. Johnson, Basil Manly,
J. C. Furman, J. B. O Neall, E. T. Winkler, J. P.
Boyce, J. E. I'eynokls, J. A. BroaiUis. No Con-
vention can show a mure distinguished list of ]ire-
siding olliccrs.

'i'he Convention founded thel'urman Theological
Institute, which has grown into both Furman Uni-
versity and the Southern Baptist 'Theological Semi-
nary.

'The State Board of Jlissions employed last year
(1880) about thirty missionaries, and not only paid
them, but reserved sullicient funds lo pay the lirst
([uarter s salary for 1881 in advance.

There are now twenty-eight white Associations
in the State co-operating with the Convention.

There is great harmony and hearty ciiort in sus-
taining the Convention.

'The present ollicers are Col. B. W. Edwards,
President; T. P. Smith, Vice-President; Ciipt. A.
B. WoodruU'and Bev. Luther Ijroadus, Secretaries ;
iind Prof. C. II. Judson, 'Treasurer. Executive
Board: Rev. Charles Maidy, D.D., I'resident ;
Rev. A. W. Lomax, Vice-President; Rev. W . II.
Strickland, Corresponding Secretary and 'Treasnrei-.

In 1880, according to the "Baptist Year-Book,"
there wi'rc in Soulli ('ardliiia ■14 Baptist Associa-
tions, 1 I2(') churches, and 110,112 uu'iubers. 'i'he
white ami colonel Baptist^ arc inrluded in thi'se
statistics.

South Carolina, Baptist Journalism in. —

Rev. Jiisejdi \, Eawton distinetlv remembers that
Rev. W. H. liri.sbaiic, .M.I)., was publishing a
paper in Charleston in ISiili. It is prid..iblc that

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SOUTH CAROLINA

1076

SOUTH JKRSKV

Dr. Jlanly ii^suiiioil tlio. otlitoi'ship wlioii Hr. Bris-
bane rotiic'<i.

Tlioi'o aro now two copies of The Sml/iern ]Valcli-
maii and General IntcUiijenctr in existence, (hited
Fell. 3 and Feb. 10, 1837, printed in (Jliai-leston by
.lames S. Barges, and edited l)y the late Basil
Manly, ll.l>. 'I'liese nuinbei-s bebtn.i!; to the fourth
voliiiiii'. The lernis were S.'l in advance, iJllDO in
six nionllis, and $4 afterwards.

From among many interesting items we se-
lect the following statistics of .'^outli Carolina Bap-
tists for 1835: Associations, 14; elinrelies, 336;
ordained ministers, 158; licentiates, 55 ; baptisms,
l'JS5 ; members, 33,48(). TIumh' is an extract from
tli(( UclKjidiix Itcra/il, and onc^ from Ihe iMississippi
Clifistiaii Jliidlil.

Kev. '1'. \Y. llaynes published a monthly in
Charleston, ami in 1843 he began the (Jarulina
Jlaplisl, which was published for some years.

T/ie Suulhtin Jlup/tsl was first published in
184t). It was for years edited by a eommitjee of
brethren, consisting of Kev. J. R. Kendrick, James
Tupper, Fsq., and others. Next by llev. F. T.
Winkler, D.IX, tlntn by Ilev. J. P. 'I'nstin, and
linally by Kev. W. B. Carson. At the beginning
of tlie war the paper was suspended on account of
the nnciM'tain future, and never resumed.

T/if Uiiplisl Clinvcli and Snnday-School Maijazine
(monthly), edited and publislied. by Kev. T. K.
(laines, gave us a tenfold blessing. The latter did
not continue long. In al)out three years Brother
Walters sold tin- subscription-list and good-will to
the Rel'Kjwus Herald, of Richmond, Va. *

After an interregnum of aliont ayoar, Brother '1'.
R. (laines liegan to pnlilish the ][^(irl;ui(j C/iristiun
at Yorkville. A ye.ir or so afterwards he removed
to Charleston, and then to Columbia. lie sold out
to iMr. Junkin, who, again, transferred it to the
presi.'nt proprietor, Col. James A. Iloyt. Brother
IToyt removed it to Greenville, and .soon after ex-
changed the name of T/ie Wurlami Chrhtiaii for
that of The Ilajitint Cmirier, and placed it under
the editorial management of Rev. J. C. lliden,
b.n. It is now edited by the jiroprietor and Rev.
J. A. Chambliss, D.D., whose classic pen is cer-
tainly not inferior to any of its predecess(u-s.

South Jersey Institute, The. — The idea that

gave Ijirth to this nolde academy was first .seriously
entertained by that veteran and honored pastor,
the Rev. R. F. Young, of lladdonlirld. At his
suggestion, when settled at Salem, in 1849, a con-
vention of churehes connected with the ^Vest New
Jersey Baptist Association was h' Id in his meet-
ing-house, at which resolutions were passed com-

jiiliiWi

II

III

SOUTH JKltSKV l.NSrlTlITi;, IJRinOETO.N, .N.J.

It was succeeded by the C'onfedera/e Baplisf,
published in Columbia, and edited by that accom-
plishi'd scholar and Christian gentleman, Rev. J.
L. ]{eynolds, D.I).

Soon after tln^ war The S(ndJi Carolina Ilaj/fisl
was started; it was edited and publisheil ],\- Kev.
\y. E. Walters, at Amlerson Court-IIouse ; and

mending the project for establishing a first-class
academy.

The cburcdi at Salem, through an educatiotuil
committee, tiiti'd up a room in the rear of their
lecture-room in 185l!, and secured the serviv i s of
the Rev. Samuel Kichards and his wife, (jf i'ruvi-
dence, to take charge of the infant enterprise.

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SOUT/fRRN'

1077

SOUTIIKRN

Tli(.'y \V('i-o ^',i)(^oi;illy iiiialiliud I'ur tlio work, iind
tln-'ir siicccus w:is in tlic liigliost dcijroe Ihitteriiif;.
lint Mr. liicliai'd.s aocopted aiiutlier position, in
Saloni, wliicli rrsiilted in tlio closini; of tlic ncliool.

On Sept. l"i, 1^0'), the Went Now Jursuy Uaiiti.st
Association aiipoiiitcd a couiniittcii.: to consi<ler this
((iiostioii and n'port dni'iiii; tin; Assoiyation. 'I'lio
coinmitli'C was niuucrons, i;arni'st, anil able, and
tln;ii' I'l'poit, wliicli was adoplcd, rccuniini-ndrd im-
niudiatc; cH'orls to seuiiro a siiitaljlo Ijuilding. \
cuMiniittoi; was a|ipoinlod to can'y ont the decision
of tlie Association. Tlicy selected IJridjrefon as the
[dace where the seluiul slhuild he loeatc;d, and a
lirst-elass academy I'or the education of both sexes
as the institution to he fonnded.

Kridj^i'ton lies at the hi/ad cd' navigation on both
sides of the ('(jhan^ey llivor. It contains about
8l)U0 inhabitants. U has two Baptist eliiirrhes.
The character of its population specially iits it to
he the seat of a large aeadeniy. 'I'he scenery around
it iseharniiniT;, and the health of its residents makes
it pecnliai'ly desiialile lor those who wish loni; life.
'I'hi! sit(! of the a..-ademy is one of the most beauti-
ful, for educational purposes, in the wdiule country.
l''orests, rich farms, and the winding (Johausey ai'O
spread out before the spi?ctator as ho looks down
from the grounds of the institute. 'I'hese grounds
were given by II. J. JMull'ord, Esq., of iJridgeton ;
they contain about ten and a half acres.

The structure consists of a central building 43
by 5S, with an cast and west wing, each 57 by 41,
nuiking the entire length 157 feet. It is built of
brick, lighted by gas, and heated )iy steam ; and it
is live storii's high. Its appearanre is imposing,
and it has every convenience for carrying out the
aims (d' its (Jhristiau |)rfijectors. It is fitted to ac-
commodate one hundred and tw,enty-livc Ijoarders.
It was opened for pupils in October, 1871). The
buildings ami grounds are valued at S75,()01J.
Ladies and gentlemen bearing the honored name
of Mulford have on variiuis occasions given S>50,UOO
to the institute. Many others in New Jerst^y, and
some, friends in Pennsylvania, have contributed
liberallv in the erection of the building and in
centennuil gilts.

'riie priiu-ipal, If. K. Trask, LL.I)., by scholar-
ship, talents, and experience is fitted for the nuirkeil
snccessthat has attended liis labors in the institnt(^
In 1880 ten instructors assisted the principal in
training on^ hnndreil and fifty ]iu|iils lor the toils
of coming lih'.

Southern Baptist, n Baptist paper published at
Meridian, .\!is-^., by iiev. .\. ( iressett. Circulation
encouraging.

Southern Baptist Convention. — 'I'hat Adoni-
ram .ludsou and Luther Kice by independent :-iudy
of the Scripturi's should beccune Haptists, vvliile
voyaging to India, was a singular fact in the his-

tory of missions. This change of opinion neces-
sitated their support by the Baptists of tlie United
.States. Lnllier Ilice returned to ^\meric;i to mouse
anunig the Baptist churclii;s increaseil missionary
ardcu'. Traveling much in the Sonlli, he so en-
listed an interest in behalf of the work of missions
that, when the (ieneral Missionary tViiivenlion was
formed, Sontheru Baptists pai-tii:lpated largely in
the movement. I>r. lliehard Kurmau, of S(juth
(!arolina, was the first president. Under the consti-
tution and proceedings of that body, for thirty years
no discrimination was made ill favor of or against
either section. Northern and Southern Baptists
acted in entire harmony. In course of time the
aiiti-slaveli(jlding siuitiment Ijccame so strong that
the Board of Foreign Missions iii!clared, in response
to a demand for an e.\pli(tit avowal of opinions and
purposes, that a slavehoMer olleriug liimsclf as a
missionary would not lie appointed. T'he Home
Missicni Society, organized lor dtuuestic mission
work, avowed practically a similar opinion, and
declared in favor of a separate missionary organ-
ization at the iSoutii and at the North.

in view of this antagonism of opinion, the board
of the Virginia Foreign Mission Society suggi.'sted
a convention to confer on the best ineans of pro-
moting the foreign mission cause and other interests
of the Baptist ilenominatiun in the South. Au-
gusta, Ga., and Thursday before the second Lord's
day in May, 1845, were suggested as a projier place
and a proper time lor the luceting ; on .May 8,
1845, 3IU delegates from .Maryland, the Ihstrict of
(Joluinbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Car-
olina, (jcorgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Iventneky
met at Augusta. Among these men, who came
together to deliberate, w ere Fuller, Manly, Furman,
.l(ilinson, .Jeter, Koliiiismi, llowcdl, ('urtis, IJranlly,
Taylor, Mell, Crawford, l*agg, Ijiimpkin, ilillyer,
Cooper, Uockery, NVitt, Hume, .Mallary, Winkler,
etc.

^V'm. 15. •Johnson, D.D., of South Carolina, was
chosen president. A resolution was unanimously
adopted that '"To accomplish the greatest amount
of good, and for tlie maintenance ol' those Scrip-
tural principles on which the (jcneral (Convention
of the liaptists was originally formed," the Con-
vention should organize a society for the propaga-
tion of the gospel. A constitution, ]nx-cisely tliat
of the original union, was adopted, '' fur eliciting,
coiJibining, and directing the energies of the whole
denomination in one sacred clfm't liu' the jiropaga-
tlon of the gospel." .V board fin- foreign missions
was apfiointi'd and loc:atrd in iiicliiiiond, Va., and
a board for domestic missions at JMarion, Ala.

No good W'cmid come of a discussion of the causes
of the origin of the S<Mithern Baptist (!onventi(m.
Property in slaves has now liappily ceased to dis-
turb puliticail and religious asseiuldages. The sep- ,

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;!!iiiLljuJ »(!•

SOUTHERN

1078

SOUrilKRN

ariitiiin was rcluctuut ;ui(l imiiiful, lint (i(iii lias
bi'oiii;lit iiduii imt III' a|i|iiiri!iit evil. A s.i'|iaiuli^
oi"i!;;iiiii',atiiin lias il('vclo|icil tlie resources ami eiier-
i;i('s iif Soiitlieni liaphsts, ((iiieki'iied a sense (if
i-es|ionsil)iruy, and trained tii more active beneti-
eenee. IJaplist societies for the spread of tlio gos-
)Md, existin^j; in diU'erent |iortions gf the Union, arc
now worlvio'j; without jar or discord, the most fra-
ternal feelings are cherished, and few desire an or-
f^ainc nnion coextensive with onr (eri-itorial limits.
Soulhern Baptisls have eontrilmted fur foreign
missions from liS4r) to I.ST'.I, .S"j:j'J,;-J77.23. In the
last seven years §2s4,0ni.9',) have lieen given for
foreign missions, !?7-'.(lOl) nun-e than the whole
amonnt raised dnring the thirty years' connection
with the Triennial Convention.

The J5oard for Foreign Missi(jns Inid J. V>. Jeter,
D.D., for its first |iresident, and Jaim;s B. Taylor,
D.ll., for its corresponding secretary. J, L. M.
(Jnrry, 1 •.!>.. LIj. I'., is the present pi'esident, and
11. \. I'nppei', fl.lt., the corres|]unding secretary.

Ur. Tnpper, the scholarly si^cretary, has recently
pul.ilisiied, with the im|irimatnr of thi! Pulilii'ation
Society, a very valnahle hook, giving foil inl'oiiria-
tion of tin^ past and present work of the hoaid.

The Home Mission lio.ird at .Marion, Ala., for-
merly called the Dimiestic iMissioii Board, has K.
T. Winkh'r, D.I).,, for its president, and AV. II.
-Mcintosh, D.I*., for its corres|iondiiig secretary.
This hoard seeks to remedy religious destitution in
the Southern States and among the Indian trihes
adjacent to its "territory. It has also a mission
among the Chinese in California. I'urlng the war
a \'aluahle work was done in the <_'onlederate arm_y
in supplying the soldiers with the Scriptures and
religious literature, and in supporting seventy-
eight missionaries.

Ill l.'^/>3 the Convention ostahlished a Sunday-
sciiool lioaril at (Jreenville, .S. C., and, under the
cllicient seci'ctaryship of C. .). Mltord, ICsi[., and C.
('. liitting, D.D., did active and valuable service.
In I.SOs it was remov(;il to Memphis, and in a few
years was discontinued.

The Soiitlicrn Baptist Theological Seminary, now
at Louisville, Ky., while not under the control of
the Cinivention, is regarded with peculiar favor,
and receives at every meeting attentive eonsiilera-
tion.

Since the war the Convention meets annually.
The boards submit to the Convention reports of
their operations, receipts, and expenditures, and
the officers and nicmbors are annnafly ap|iointed.

Organized to " promote foreign and domestic
missions and other important oljeets connected
with the Uedeemer's kingdom," and respecting
fully "the independence and e<|ual rights of Iho
churches," the (!onvcntion consists of nn;iiii)ers
vho contribute funds, (U- are delegated byridigious

bodies contributing funds, on the basis of one dele-
gate lor e\<ir> ^fOl) givcm wittnn the twelve uH)ntli3
ne.>ct jireciMliug Ihe mcetiiig of the body. To lu'ing
the Ccmvmition into still closer allilialion with State
Conventiims and (Jcneral Associations, re|iresenta-
tives from those bodies are also admitted on the
basis of ;s'i()() expended for objeets similar to those
in the proiuotion of which the Convention is en-
gaged.

Between the Sonthern Ba|itist ('onvention and
\\h; three great Baptist organizations at the iS'orth
— the Missionary Union, the Home Mission So-
ciety, and the Publication Society — tlie utnnjst
harmony and fraternity exist. Ivicli woidcing in
its own approved way has the good will and
|jrayers of the others.

FOKEIfiN MIS.^rONS AND MISRIONWKIES.

Brazilian Mission. — Thi.^ mission in the prov-
ine(; of San Panio, adopted in 1^79, has a cliurch
of lliirty membcu's at Sania Barbara, and another of
twelve mt'inbcrs at " Station.'' Kev. K. II. t^uillan
has been teacher and preacher. On Jan. 13, 1S81,
Kev. W. B. Bagby and wife, of Texas, were sent to
reinforce the mission. In IS.V.I tlu; Convention
starli'd a work in i!io de .l.mciio, under llev. and
Jlrs. T. J. Bowen, fornjer missionaries to Afi'ica.
T'ko mission was aband<mcd in 1S61, on iiceount of
obstacles that do not now exist and the wrecked
health of Mr. Bowen. 'flic present outlook is
promisitig, though the Held is hard.

IMe.vii'an .Mission. — The Convention had hut re-
cently accepted as their missionary llev. .J. 0. West-
rnp, stationed at Mnztpiis, in the State of Coafiiiila,
wdien, on Dec. 21, TSbO, he was murdered by a band
of Indians and .Mexicans. Another missionai'y will
be soon appointed, and probably stationed at .Mon-
terey', where then; is a Baptist Missionary .Society.
llev. T. iM. Westrup, (jf (.'oj'pns Christi, brollnr of
the murdered missionary, writes, Feb. 5, 1881 : " I .
sometimes think Catlndic fanaticism or national
prejudice had more to do with the case than ap-
pears so far.'' This blood may be seed.

Italian Mission. — This wink was organized in
Home, in the hill of 1870, by Kev. W. N. Cote,
M.D., wlio labored, with marked success, until
1873, when he was succeeded by (j. B. 'I'aylor,
D.D. Dr. Cote dieil in Kome in 1877. Bev. J. II.
Kager and wife joined the mission in 1880. Tlie
chapel at Rome cost some $30,000. To build one
at Torre Pellice ?3000 have been collected. This
mission has pros]>erc<l from the beginning, and is
in a flourishing condition. There are live schools,
with some 150 pupils : the eluirch membership is
about 175. Tlie stations and laborers are as fol-
lows :

At Rome, (!. B. Taylor, Mrs. Taylor. J. II. Kager,
Mrs. Kager, and Signor Cocorda ; Torre Pellice,

..-'i; M.ti y.i'.i-

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SOJJVllERN

1079

SOUTHERN

SirjHor Fcrrtiris ; Mihin, Sii^iior I'ascliorto ; Mo-
ilujia and (':ir|)i, Siijiuir Miirlinolli ; Naples, Sitjnoi'
Ouliiiiilio; IJari ami liai'li'tta, S'n^nor \'(il|ii ; islaiiil
ul' Sardinia, Sinniir t'tisfsu; N'cuiii'e, Siiriinr ISfl-
loiuli ; IJ^iKin'iia, Sij^iiiir liasilf.

A skcu'li uf Di-. (I. 1>, 'I'avlin-. whose ))Vaiso for
emiiuait wisdom is in all llic clmroliL'^, ajiijcars
clsewhorc in this " Kni:yt'lii|ia'dia."

Afiucav JNIissioNs. — Liliuiitiii and Sicrnt Lcoiie
Mi.s.siiiii. — 'I'liL' Fii>t l!a|itist idini-cli id' .Mniiriivia,
Lihei'ia, was uv;;aui/,i'd with twidvc ini'mliei-s, in
liS2l, in a piavate <iwollini;' in Itichniond, Va., I'd).
2, ISIG, the UiianI of Foroii^n Missinns of tlje
Suulliorn liaptist Oonvontiuii having vcsuIvlhI tn
start a mission in AlVira. 'J'hat y''ai" two colored
brotlivon, Rev. .Jolin hay and Rev. A. L. Jones,
were appointed missionaries. From 1840 to 1850
many others were appointed, and chnrehcs and
schools were fstahlishod in I'ourtciMi villa)i;es of
Liheria and two in Sierra Leono. , In iNo'J and in
1851 the mission 'was visited vespoctively hy Rev.
Fli iiall and Kev. .lolin Iviniidon in the intere.-,t
of Ihe board. In 181)11 ihere were -i stations and
chnrclu-s, 18 pastors, ILI58 lae'mhei-s, lili teachers,
and G05 papils. Dnriiii; our eivil war the mission
sns|)Ciuled, and resnmed in 1871, under Kev. A. 1).
Philips, who hail been identllieil with the Yornban
Mission of the Cunvention. Fi!:l)t stations wore
established in Lil)eri,i and tin; I'eir eonnti-y, and
fifteen missionaries and teachers were up|)ointed.
'I'he stations in Liberia were )iosts lor the interior
work in the llcir country, thi'ouf^h which it was
liopeil that access iMi;.'ht be liad ai^ain to Yoruba,
from which the missionaries had been driven in
l.Nt)7. In 1873 the missiDnarics were e.xpclleil from
till' IJeli- country. Our country beiriu; under a fear-
ful laonctaiy pressure, the missionaries, except the
supervisors, — 15. F. Yates and J. J. Choeseuian, —
were dismissed. A jrraluity of S50I) was distributed
amonj; them. ' They ai-ted with noble Christian
spirit. Jan. 8, 1875, Rev. W. J. David and Uev.
W. \V . Colley (colored) sailed for Africa. Findinj;
Y'oruba I'copened to missionaries, they, aceordinj;;
to instructions, settled all accounts, and clo.sed the
mission in Liljcria, and in October, 1875, resumed
work in Yornba. From 1845 to 1875 thousaniis
had been eonviuted and tan'j;ht tliriinj;h the Fihe-
rian and Sierra Leone Mission, ami many strong
and godly men and women of the African race were
developed. Among the coloreil missionaries pub-
licly recorded -iire F. S. James, who left in his
churches the savor of a holy life; 15. P. Y'atcs, J.
IL Cliccscnum, J. J. (Jheescman, noted respectively
fur financial abilitv, s))iritual ilevotion, and uncom-
mon culture; A. 1'. i)avis, I!. J. Drayton, J. '1'.
Richardson, R. F. .Murray, J. M. llanlcn, J. J. Fit/.-
gerald, Lewis K. Crocker, Jaeob Von 15runn, MjI-
ford D. IIerndon,and Josephine Karly. John I'.iy,

the first missionary, was born at llicksfonl, \:\,,
Kelj. 18, 1797; was baptized in bSlJIJ; licensed to
preacdi in 1821 ; went to Liberia in 1830; resigned
a jiidgesliip, anil was (dectril, without his consent,
lientenant-govci 1101-, in IN 17. In I8 1'.» be estab-
lished a manual lab(jr school of lifty |.upils at l!ex-
ley. In 1854 he became pastor of the church at
iMonrcjvia, where he founded and |)residcd over a
high school, known as '• Day's Hope,'' in whicli
were departments elemi'utary, classical, and theo-
logical. As snperintenilenl of the mission. In' made
extensive preaching tours, ami reported " a Sun-
day-school in every village, and tlie Word preaclii'd
statedly to mure than 10,0(10 heathen." 'fhis re-
nnirkaljle man wa.s gathered to hit fathers in 1859.
Prof. E. \V . 15lyden, the learned African linguist,
in pronouncing an eulogy on Jlr. Day, considered
his subject thus: 1. His love o( nietaphysics ; 2.
His burning zeal for the gospel ; -i. A household
word; 4. As judge anil .slatesijian ; 5. The good
physician; (J. As a soldier; 7. His moral and re-
ligious character; 8. .As educator and theologian;
'J. llis life and death a legacy.

Tiir. YoitrcA Missio.n' was founded in 1850 Ijy
Rev, T.J. Rowen. In I,S5,'1 it was rciniiirced by
Rev. Messrs. J. S. Dennaid and .1. II. I^ai-y, witii
their wives; in 1854 by Rev. AV. II. Clarke; and
in 1850 by Rev. Messrs. S. Y. Trimble, R. W. Priest,
J. IL Cason. and their wives, and Mr. .1. F. 15eau-
uiont. Stations were opened in Lagos, Abbeokuta,
Ijaye, ;ind Ogbomisliaw. Residences and chapels
were built, ehurchrs and schools were established,
the heathen were soon preached to in their own
language, and not a few of them were saved. The
lal)ors in Africa of all these missioruirios, except
Mr. Rowen, were brief. Uev. Henry Goodale, who
aeeompained Mr. Rowen, was buried at (iolah, be-
fore Yoruba was leached. Donnard and his wife
were put under the sod; Chirke, Tiimble, and
licanmunt came honu; to go to their reward. Priest
and Lacy and Cason toil vn in their native land.
Li 1855, Rev. J. ^L Harden, a colored missionary,
was transferred from the Liberian to the Y'oruban
mission, and died in Lagos in 1804. His wdfe is now
in the employ of the board. Rev. A. D. Philips en-
tered the Held in 1855, and labored with signal
success until 1807, when In^ wasdiivcu out of the
country by wtir and persi;cutioii. He retired from
till! service ol' the board in 1872, and preaches in
Tennessee. Uev. T. A. Ueid laboie<l at Awyavf
ami elsewhere, and was devoted to the work from
1857 to 1804. Like Mr. Philips, he left iii.s noble
wife a sleeper in Afric siinds. Rev. li. 11. Stone
worked from 18(>.'i to I80'J. He is a faithful min-
ister in Virginia. As has been stated, the mission
was reorganized by Messrs. David and Colley in
1875. They found a numlier of the native Chris-
tians steadlast, and oveijoyed at the answer of their

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iMj.]i!',1

SOUTH K It N

1080

SOUTHKRN

pniyoi's tliroiitrli lonn yi-'ars tor tlie retiini of " Guil's
liiLMi." A chapel iiiul resideiiCL', at tlie cost oFisoiiio
$40(10, liavc IjGcn erouted at Liii^os, and buildiiius
put up at Aliljiiokuta and Ogboiiii.sliaw. 'J'lic last
.station is oi'.oii|iiod liy a native missionary, Kuv.
^MusL'S L. Stone. Itev. 8. Cosby, missionary of the
Colored Baptist Convention oi' Virginia, is asso-
ciated ■with Mr. David in the mission. Mr. Colley
was recalled by the board in IST'J. On Dee. lili,
1879, Mr. and iMrs. J)avid lost their infant daii,u;liter.
In the mission there are CO scholars and SO eliurch
members. .Some further record of iMr. ]Jo\ven, the
foiuider of the mission, is littiim. lie was born in
Georgia, Jan. 1^, IS I 1 ; was a gallant soklier in the
Creek-Indian and 'i'e.'ias wars; stndieil law, but
abandoned it, in 1S41, for the ministry; traveled
e.'ilensively in Central -Vfriea, and was the soul and
inspiration of the Vornban Mission from ISaO to
laSll. lie married. May :5 1 , ISWZ, jMiss L. II.
Davis, of (jreensborongh, C)a., wiio slnii'id his toils
and suceesscs in his sccoinl missionary cam paii:n
in Africa. Mrs. Bowen resides in (Jrecnsborough,
loved and honored for ber own sake, and for her
good anil great husband. He entered his heavenly
rest Nov. 24, lS7o. He was the author of an ad-
mirable work on '"('eutral Africa," and a ipiai-to
volume on the V'oruljan laugnage, published by the
Smithsonian Institute.

CiiiN-\ Missions. — (.'(iiiiou Mission. — Uev. J. L.
.Shuck and Uev. 'J'. J. Roberts, missionaries of tlie
Triennial Convention, transferred themselves to the
Southern Cionvention soon after its organization.
The former had constituted the First Baptist chnrch
of Canton, and traveling in this country in lS4ti
with a native convert, Yong Seen Sang, raised for
a chapel i?.oOllU. This chapel fund, with the consent
.of the donors, was transferred with the missionary,
in 1847, to Shanghai. Mr. Roberts inid )n'eaclied
six or seven years to lepers at Jlacao. In 1847 liis
chapel was destroyed, and the mission properly of
the Missionary Union was bought by the Sonthertt
Convention. Mr. Roberts raised much money on
the field, and published and distributed large
numbers of tracts and portions of tlie Scriptures.
In liSOOtbe mission bad been reinforced by Messrs.
S. C. (,'lopton, George Peai'cy, F. C. •lohnson, B.
\\ . Whildcn, and Miss II. A. linker. There were
three preaching-places. A uniini clfeeted between
Mr. Rcjberts's (Uet-tung) ehureb and the First
church was not happy. In 185'-! "the relation be-
tween Mr. Roberts and the board was dissolved."
He had done some good foundation-work. He re-
mained an independent niissiomiry until 186(j,
wiien he returned to America. ■ lie died of leprosy,
Dee; liS, 1871, at Upper Alton, III. Mrs. Roberts
lives at .St. Louis, Mo. .Mr. (Jlopton vv.i^ Imrn in
Virginia, .Ian. 7, 1810, (ell asleep .Inly 7, 1847,
lamented as a choice spirit. Mr. I'earcy and .Miss

Baker were transferred to the Shanghai Mission.
Mr. .lobnson went as " Theological T'utor ami Mis-
sionary," and after making great progress in the
wi'itten language, returned, in 1849, with broken
health. lie resides in Marietta, Ga. In 1848 the
native assistants, Yong and .Mui, went to Canton.
In 1850, Mrs. Whildcn died, and .Mr. Whildcn
brought home his children. The health of his sec-
ond wife failing, they ic;tii'ed from the licld linally
in 1855. Mr. Whildcn, niuch beloved, resides in
his native .Stati', .South (,'arolina. In 1.S5I, 1850,
18t')0, Uev. .Messrs. (!. W. (iaillard, R. II. (jraves,
and J. G. Schilling ji;iued, respectively, the mis-
sion. In I85f), Mr. GaiUard reported '■ tj'.) .Sunday-
school scholars, li'J,2(IO tracts and .Scriptures dis-
tributed ;" and in I.SC/O. "40 baptisms and 58
church membtn-s." July 117, 18(J2, hewas killed by
the falling of his house in a typhoon. Mr. .Schil-
ling made " good progress in the language," but
after the ilealb of his wife, in 1804, came home
with his children. He jiractises law in A\ est ^'ir-
giiiia. Rev. N. B. AVilliams, whose wife is the
daughter of the retnrneil missionary, Rev. B. ^\^
Wliilden, went to China in 1N72, accompanied by
his wife's sister, Miss Liila U'hilden, who, sup-
ported liy the women of South Carolina, is doing a
grand work among the women of Canton. .Mr.
i Williams had a school of I'orty pn|jils, ami was trcas-
] iirer of the mission. In 1870, Mrs. ^\'ll^iams's
j failing health compelled their return to the United
States. Mr. 'Williams ])reaches in Alabama. In
1874, Wong Mui died. Y'ong Seen Sang, su)iported
by the Ijiidies' Mi.-^sioiniry .Society of the First Bap-
tist chureli of Richmond, Va.. since 1840, still
labors for the Master. Rev. K. Z. Simmons and
wife arrived in Canton Fell. G, 1871, and are doing
good work fur the Lord. Miss Sallie Stein, sus-
tained by the Young Ladies' Missionary Society of
the First Baptist church, Richmond, Va., joined the
mission in 1879. Iiev. R. II. Graves, D.D., was
born in Baltimore, May 2'J, 1831); was baptized by
Dr. R. Fuller, Oct. 15, 1848; graduated at St.
Mary's College in 1851 ; arrivc<l at Canton 14th
August, 1850. For twenty-live yctirs he has licen
consecrated to his mission, in which lie has achieved
great success, and has won, as muny a brollicr
missionary has done, a name for purity of character
and ability as a gospel laborer which is impL'risb-
able. lie married first the niissiomiry Gaillard's
widow, who ilied Dec. 12, 1804. His present wife,
daughter of G. W. Norris, F,si(., of Baltimore, has
been, since 1872, a self-sacrificing and successful
missionary worker for Jesus. In the last eight
years Dr. (iravcs has (lublished, in Chinese, two
hvmii-liooks, a work on the I'arables of our Lord,
•,i book on hiimili'ties, a work on .Scripture geogra-
phy, and will soon |iublish a " Life of Christ." In
I the same time " a dwelling has been built in Can-

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so urn i: KM

1081

SOUTUliliN

ton, uiio fliiiiiiU liiiisliiHl, and Mioiiey niisL^d lor
iiiiotliur ill tliu ouuiiti-y, six couiitiy tit;itioiis liavo
boon opened, and two native Id'elliren ordained to
the niiiil.slry. 'I'iie (Miiiiese Native Missionary
.Sociely li.is also a station and two assistant preaoli-
ers, sn|i|)(jrted niairdy l)y i;onti-iljutions I'roni Chinese
(Jliristians in iJeinerara and the United -.Stales."
The results of tiie preaching and .Scripture dislri-
liution and holy living ul' this long line of mission-
aries in the city of Canton, and among tiie dense
masses of the interior ot" Southern China, can never
be estinjated. 'I'he statistics reported in i8.S0 are
as Ibllows : 2 churches, 'SM) menilicrs, 5li ba])tized,
$2.00 annual contributions, 'JTlJl) tracts and IJibles
distributed, -1514 medical cases, 5 schools, with an
average attendance of 121,6 foreign missionaries
and 12 native assistants, $")OS.0.3."j, cost of house
recently built, !j4J'Jl.87 house fund in Canton
treasury.

The Shanghai Misaioii was started in 1847 by
Jlev. iMcssrs. M. T. Yates, -J. [.. Shuck, and T. W.
Tobey. iMr. Yates was tlie lirst (jn the ground.
Nov. ('i, 1847, a Uaptisc church of ten mcmliers
was founded. Two natives — Yong and ,Mui — were
licensed to preach. In A]iril, 1848, a gloom over-
spread the infant; ehureh by the tirowning of Dr.
and Mrs. J. Sexton James, wlio were daily expected
at .Shanghai. Mr. I'carcy, from Canton, joined
the mis>i(]n in Novcnilicr, 1848. T"hc meetings
were attended by •'■MO or OOU natives." In 184'J
Mr. and Mrs. Tobey, verj useful missionaries, were
forced home by the ill hcaUh of the latter. In Jlay,
18.01), a mission building was elected at Oo-lvah-
Jack. Mr. Shuck wrote, "Our bnard is the lirst
Protestant board of missions in the world which
ever held property and gained a permanent looting
in the interior of China.'' In 1801, Mrs. Shuck
died, ller biography was written by Dr. Jeter.
Mr. Shuck returned with his children to America.
In China he had been very '"faithful and effective.''
In 1804 he went to California, where he labored
for seven years, baptizing sixteen Chinese, and
organi/.ing a ('hini'se church, lie (HimI in Barn-
well, S. C., Aug. 2U, 18bl, aged lifty-one. His
widow resides in Charleston, S. C, with his son,
Kcv. L. II. Shuck, h.l). In 1802, llev. and Mrs.
Crawford and l>r. Ij. \V. liurton reinforced tlie
mission, and early in 18oli, Itev. and Mrs. A. IJ.
Cabaiiiss arrived. In the city there were three
.schools and six places id' worship. In 1854, iliss
II. A. Baker, who came from Canton in 1851 and
opened a boarding school, was recalled by the advice
id' her physician. She lives in California, and is
the author of the '•Orphan of the Old Uominiun."
Mr. ami .Mrs. I'earc)', on account uf his shattered
liealth, returned home in 1850. He passed away
July 21, 1871, "mildly and grandly as the setting
sun.'' That year, 1800, there were '' eighteen pub-
69

lie services jicr week, with an average attendance
of 25H0 souls; live day schools, with an average
attendance of 11)0 pupils. This year was signal-
ized by the firs I tmplimn njH Chcncsi: wuiiian. The
board reported, "The gospel lias won glorious
triumphs in China. . . . iMultitiidcs basing given
evidence of saving faith in the Kedeemer." The
next year the board commended the mission-
aries as performing " almost superhuman labors in
their wide-opened licld." In 1850, Kev. and .Mrs.
J. L. Holmes came to Shanghai, and the next year
were settled in the Shantung province. In 1850,
ivev. J. 15. llartwell and wife arrived, and in 1800
joined Mr. Holmes in Shantung. In I8(il), Mr.
and Mrs. Cabaniss, after eminent service, returned
home. The sann; year llev. and iMrs. A. L. lioiid,
assigned to this mission, were lost at sea, with Rev.
and Mrs. J. Q. A. Itohrcr, assigned to Japan, in the
ill-fated '" Kdwin Forrest." In 18(i3, Kev. and Mrs.
'1'. 1*. Crawl'urd, having done a good work in Shang-
hai, went to Tung-Chow. In 1801, Dr. llurtiin, a
great benefactor of the niiasion, returned to ^Vmer-
ica, and is practising his profession in Louisville,
Ky. In 1805, Mr. and Mrs. Yates were alone in
Shanghai, and have remained so until now. To
sum up the labors and holy influences of these
missionaries, and of this great man and liis noble
wife, would bo impossible. Dr. Y^lte3 wrote, —

"Sept. 12, 1877. — 'I'his is the thirtieth anniver-
.sary of our arrival at Shanghai. At lir.^t our way
was in the dark; but every successive decade has
shown marked progress in our work. To-day the
missionary inlluence in China is a mighty jjower.
The leaven of divine truth has lieen deposited in
this mass of error and corruption, and its irresist-
ible force is beginning to be seed and felt far and
wide. The Bible has been translated into the liter-
ary or dead language of the whole country, and
also rendered into the spoken language or dialects
of many localities, — a style in which the Chinese
have not been in the habit of making books. I'laees
of worship have been secured, where multitudes
come to the sound of the eliuich-going bell to hear
the word of God. Cluirclu's of living witnesses
have been established. Ti'iis of ihousands have
been convinced of the t;uth of the gospid, who
have not liad the moral courage to maki; a public
confession of their faith in Christ. 'Thirty years
ago, when the prospect was su dark, and the dark-
ness seemed so impenetrable, I would have com-
promised for what I now behold as my life-work.
Now my demand would be notliing Ics.s than a com-
plete surrender. 1 am in ibad i.'arnest alioiiL this
matter, for I fully realize that Uod is in Christ
reconciling the world unto himself, and has coin-
niitlcd unto us the word of reconciliation, and that
he has commanded us to make it known to all na-
tions. 1 not only do not regret devoting my life

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.'IIVIJ i

SOUTHERN

1082

SOUTHERN

to (lie mission worli, but 1 rejoice tiiut lie coiiutej
iiic wortiiy to Iju liis ciiibiissaJor to the ii;reatcst
empire on the jjlohe. Now my one desire is thiit
lie woiikl give me wisdom to do liis will luid be a
fiiillirul steward. The Lord bo jiraisiid for all bis
loudness and mercy to us in our liours ol' darljest
allliclion."

.Statistics, IHSO: liebui'cbes, KK) members, ?li7:i. 17
contributions, 2 important out-stations.

A sketch of Dr. M. 'J'. Yates, whose reputation
is as broad as the earth, is ibnnd on another pa^e
of this volume.

The Shaii/iDKj Mission has had two main stations,
viz., at Oliefu'i and at Tung-Chow. In 1800, Uev.
and .Mrs. J. L. llolnu-s settled in the former, and
Itev. and i\Irs. J. li. JIartwell in the latter. Tlic
next year Mr. llidnies was brutally murdered by
tlie rebels, lie was born in l^reston County, now
in West Virginia; was graduated from Columbian
College in 18.58. In "Our Life in China" Mrs.
Kevins describes him as " band>oine, talented, ar-
dent, with very winning maimers, and peculi-arly
titled for usefulness among llio Chinese." iMrs.
Holmes rennjved to Tung-Chow, wliei'C she is still
doing heroic work. She has issued several editions
of "t'eep of ll.iy." In 1871, Mr. llartwcU re-
opened the station in Chefoo. In 1872 he located
in Chefoo, which, he said, had "sextupled itself"
since 1800, and asked the board " to appropriate
!^4(J00 for a residence and :>b)U0 lor a chapel." lie
rented a coiiimodious dwelling, where he bad " at
evening family prayer a company of twenty Chi-
nese," and used the chapel of the English Bap-
tist mission, kindly olfcred by Dr. Brown of that
mission. In 1875 he wrote, " I think the people
are receiving the ideas of the gospel." That year
he was forced home Ijy the ill luMlth of his wife,
who died Dec. 3, 187^, in California, where ]>r.
JIartwell has a mission under the home board of
the Convention. Dr. Ilartwell was born in Dar-
lin.gton, .S. C, in 1835; graduated with distinction
from Furman University in 1850. In 1858 he mar-
ried Miss I'JIiza II. Jewett,,of i\Iacun, (ja., who
died in Chiini in 1870, greatly laininited. His
second wife, Miss Julia Jewctt, was her sister.
Willi sixteen year.s' experience in China, Dr. Hart-
well is eminently adapted to the wnrk in California,
where he lias organized a Chinese church. The
Ductorate was conferred on iiim by Furman Uni-
versity.

Tuii(j-Ch(iw Slalittn. — INIr. Ilartwell, as has been
staled, located there in bsOti, and constituted a
church of eight members, Oct. 5, 18(i2. It was
Known as the North .Street church. In 1804 there
were eighteen members. iMr. Crawford, coining to
Tung-Chow, took charge of the cbnicli, while Mr.
Ilartwell supplied a temporary absLn.:c of Mr.
Yates from .Shanghai, and baptized eight converts.

There were two s.diools there, and sonic '' 0000
books had been printed imd distributed." In ISOO,
Mr. Crawford constituted a second eluirch, of eight
persons, known as the ^lonuinent Street chiirch.
In 1808 "a deep religious rcvivaf' arose in neii;b-
boring villages, throiigli the iustrumciitalily of a
native baptized by .Mi'. Ilartwell, and iwc'iity were
baptized. In ISO'.I, Mr. Ilarlwcll reported his
church contributions to be SI 27. In 1871 the meiii-
bership was lifly-six. In 1870, "Woo was ordained
a native pastor. In 1872, .Mr. Ilartwell wrote,
'■ A\'oo has managed the church with great discre-
tion and propriety. . . . He tells them that in-
stead of their being dependent on the missionaries,
the missionaries should be dependent on tlieiii. '
In 1873 the statistics were: membership, 03; con-
nected with the church from the lirst, 81 : income
of church, S224. The church bears its own ex-
penses, except chapel rent. In 1875 the board re-
ported, " Hcv. Woo is |.astor, but lirothcr Ilart-
well, though living in (Miefoo, kept an advisory
relation to it, and aided it by his constant eoniisel
and occasional |U'esenee.'' After sundry vicissi-
tudes this eluirch is virtually mergeil in the Monu-
ineiit Street church.

In 1871, Mr. Crawford, greatly encouraged,
wrote, "Christianity gains ground day by day.
The government and people all feel that their
ancient strongholds are giving way." In 1S73 be
built a chiipcl for §3000. In 1872, Miss Edmonia
Moon joined the iiiission, Ijut, alter remarkable
progress in the language, she bad to yield in 1S70
to broken health and quit the lield. In 1873 her
sister, Miss Loltie iMoon, a woman of distingnisbi'il
ability, joined the mission, and, with JMr.s. Crawford
and -Mrs. Holmes, is teaching in the city, and tell-
ing of Jesus far in the eoniitry. In four yivirs the
ladies made 1027 visits to country villages. - In
1870 the schools numbered 50, the eluirch 115. In
1880 "more than a thousand visits were made for
)ireaching the gospel und dislribuling books in
villages around 'I'ung-Chow." Dr. Crawford adds,
" .^lay God bless the seed thus sown under many
ilillieulties !"

T. 1'. Crawford was born in AV.iircn Co., I'iy.,
.May 8, IS21 ; graduated from Union University,
Tenii., in 1851, "at the bead ol' bis class, and with
the tirst honors of the insiilution." He was or-
dained in 1851, and married Miss i\Iarllia Foster,
uf Alabama, daughter of the late Deacon J. L. .S.
Foster. The siime year he was appointed a mis-
sionary ; laborrd in .Shanghai niilil I.Slili, when
he Went to I'uiig ( 'how,' where he has tolled in-
defatigably ever since. Mrs. Crawford lias |inb-
lislied several books. 'I'bc last work of Dr. (Jraw-
ford's is " The I'atriarcbal iJynasties." In 1873
the degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Kicli-
niond College, Va.

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.yltiiluv

SOUTHERN

1083

SOUTHERN

KKCKIl'iS AND EXI'KNDITUHKS.

l''roiii KSIlJ to ''"^^il tiie CIoiivuiitiDii lias riHx'ivcil
aiij c;X|iL'iiili,'il I'di' luruif^ii iiiih.sioiiN ;pl,UL!'J,'J:i().'.H).

]IOMK .MISSION r.OAKD.

'l')ie lioiiie mission work of the Baptists of tliu
SiJiitli ill the Uiiiteil Stutes is mostly |)t!i roi'iiicil by
.State iMi.-.si(m lioariU. .Still, a iai\i;e measuro <il'
{:;L'a(;ral ovaii^elical labor lias bct-'ii accoin|ilislR'il,
nml is still bciiiji pi'rroniR'd, by tin- Home Mission
Board ol' the .Southoni lia|itist ('oiivention. This
evaiii^elieal labof ni^iiy be divided into the lollowiiiir
depaitiiieiits : 1. Home mission work; 2. Indian
missions; 3. ('hiiiese ]\Iissioii, in Calilbrnia; 4.
AVork of the Jiible IJoard ; 5. \\'ork of the Soiiday-
.Sehool IJoanl. (See articles on those topies.) I'lie
JSoiitherii .States, jiropei'ly speakiui;, are Maryland,
A'irginia, North Cai'olina, .Sontli Carolina, Florida,
Georgia, Alabama, .Mississippi, Louisiana, 'J'exas,
Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentnek}'.
The Southern iJapti.^l Convention and its two mis-
sion hoards — ilouieslie and foreign — were formed
at Ani::usta dn May '^, bS'lu. 'J'lii: lir.-.t ollieurs of
the UoiiH-ilii; Hoard, as it was then called, were
Kev. JJasil Manly, Sr., President; Her. J. L.
Jteynolds, Corri-sponding Secretary ; llev. M. 1'.
Jewett, Jleeordiiij:; Secretary ; Thus. Chilton, Treas-
urer; and Win. N. Wyatt, Auditor, 'i'he board
was located at Marion, Ala. (jwiiii^ to the dis-
tance of his residence. Dr. iMaiily resinucd, and
Dr. llartwell was elected president. I'rof. Jtey-
nolds also declined, {^n^X, in November, Kev. llus-
sell llolman became eorrespondinj; secretary, and
]\Ir. Wm. Ilornhueklo was elected treasurer, as Mr.
Chilton removed from Marion. Tor manj' years
JMr. llolman' and Jlr. Ilonibuekle lillcd their re-
spective positions with honor to lhems\;lves and to
the satisfaction of their brethren, nobly sustained
by a board of manaiiers which contained such men
ns J. 11. De Votic, K. D. Kiii.ii;, and Wm. N. Wyatt.
In l8ol, Mr, llolman resii;ned, in consequence of
feeble health, and Uev. Thomas F. Curtis was
elected secretary ; but he retired, after two years'
eflicient seivice, and was succeeded, in l,S,'io, by llev.
Joseph Walker. In ISo.') the American Indian
Mission Association of Keiitui'ky Ir.insferreil its
work to the Southern Baptist Convention, together
with a heavy debt, which was promptly paid.
Thenceforth the Domestic Board was designateil
as the Domestic and Indian .Mission Board until
1.S74, when its name was changed to Il(nne Board.
This union and triiiisfer gave a mighty impulse to
the work of the board, and a great enlargeiin nt to
its liehl. The sympathies of the denomination
were strongly enlisted, ami its liberality largely
increased. At the close of IS.Mi, Rev. >lir..-|ih
AValker resigned the secretaryship, a position he
Jiad tilled with eminent ability, and Bev. K. llol-

man was again called (o the ))Osition, but, after
|iroseeutiiig his labors with much consecration, he
was Compelled by ill health to retire in I.H02. Uev.
.M. '1'. .Sumner, who had entered Iho sei'viee of the
board as linaneial si;cretary in |S,'),S, succeeded Mr.
llolman, and conducted flu' all'airs of the Home
Board with wonderful abilitv and success until
ISTT), when he resigned. Wm. N. llornbnekle,
Treasurer, and Wm. N. ^Vyatt, Auditor, bolli elli-
cient, faithful, anil be'lo\ei|, were respectively suc-
ceeded by J. B. Lovelace and .S. H. Fowlkes, \< ho
have given their valuable services to the present
time. Dr, Basil Manly, Jr., was elected to .suc-
ceed Dr. .Sumner, but declined, and Dr. Wm. 11.
.Mcintosh, the present most able and ellicient sec-
retary, was elected to lill the vacancy, and entered
upon his duties Oct. 1, KSTJJ. He reported the
hoard almost entirely free from debt in 11S77, and
since that time it has enlarged its work to the loll
e.Ntent of the means furnished.

'J'he Home IMission Board has sustained mission-
aries in every Southern .State, has planted churchea,
and fostered interests that needed support. Weak
churches, in most of the large cities (jf the .South,
have been assiste<l by it, until able to sustain them-
selves. Notably among these cities are Baltimore,
Washington (.'ity, Uichmond, I'etersbnrg, Freder-
icksburg, Jvaleigli, .Vugiista, .\tl.inta, New Orleans,
Galveston, Houston, Texas, .Mobile, .St. Louis, Mem-
phis, Knoxville, and many (Hhers. Young and grow-
ing cities on the frontiers have eontaineil its mission-
aries. Kspecial attention has been paid to Texas,
into which a rapid tide of population from other
.States lias flowed constantly. Among the nniny
missionaries employed in that .State may be men-
tioned Bcv. Wm. .M. Tryon, Rev. James lluckins,
Rev. R. C. liurleson, Rev. J. W. D. Creatli, Rev. Z.
N. .Morrell, Rev. Jesse AVitt, and Wm. M. Rickett ;
and the work accomplished by tbcoo and others in
Texas is now seen in a membership, in that .State,
larger than that claimed by any other denomina-
tion, in a numerous, devoted, and most eflicient
niini.s-try, and in male and female Bajitist colleges
of a high order. The board, in connection with
Associations and Stale Conventions, has always
labored most earnestly and energetically in be-
stowing religious instruction upon the colored
]jeople. It has ever found the Christian masters
and mistresses keenly alive to the moral responsi-
bilities growing out of their relations to their ser-
vants, and ever ready to aid in giving them gospel
privileges. Oenerally, all the missionaries of the
Home Board had cohn'ed interests in connection
with their charges, and, in many instances, rich
blessings crowned their labors in the conversion
of colored jieoplc. 'I'he wonderful success of this
evangelical labor among the colored people of the
.South is clearly demonstrated by the existence.

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SOlfTJf/'JJi-N

1084

SOVTllEUy

after tlio \v;ir, of liundrocls of llioiisimUM (if colored
Haptisls ill lliii.so ■ Stali'H wlierc c!iii;iiicii);iti(iii oo-
curroil, not to iiiciitioii tlio iimiirrims i.'olori'd
cliiurli iiiciiilirr.-; of olIiiT dciioniiiialioii~i. In tlii'
.Stiiti; of (■iMir;;ia aloiiu tlicru an: ovl'I' .'SO ndori.'d
Associations, aliout OOU cliunlios, and IIO.lKh)
cliurcli inomlit'i's. During the wlir tlie woilt of
tlu! lioarJ ivas iiccc^ssarily .siispended in man}'
parts of till! country, lint olfeotivo hcrvicu was
done liy its missionaries among the soldiers of the
■Coiilederate armies, many professing conversion
through their instrumentality. During the war
one linndred and lifty-one eoinmissions were issued
by the board to cha|ilaiiis aud missionaries to the
iirniies and hospitals.

Tlio eonelusion of the war left the board pros-
trate. Gradually it has resumed and enlarged its
home mission work, as vigorously as its means
allowed, adding to its other ell'orts the holding of
ministers' institutes lor the licnctit of colored liap-
tist ministers. Its report for 18S0 shows twenty
missionaries and three missionary agents in tin:
field, as fiillows : six in I'lorida, four in Arkansas,
two in (ieorgia, two in Texas, one in California,
three in Alabama, one in Tennessee, one in ^'u■-
ginia, and a missionary agent and evangelist in
each of the States of North (Carolina, Kentneky,
ami Alabama. It also ke[)t emjiloyed one white
and four native missionaries in tiie Creek nation,
two natives in the Choetaw luition, one, Kcv. A.
Frank lloss, an intelligent educated nnin, one white
missionary in the Chickasaw nation, and a Sem-
inole Didian missionary among the wild tribes.

CoNTuiiiUTio.N's. — 'I'lie contributions to the Home
Board from 1845 to 1859, inclusive, $2GC,:{5.S.13.
During the last twenty years its receipts have been
§730,483.04, so that the total receipts from J845 to
1880, inclusive, were l^yl ,005,84 1.77.

(ji;.N'i:ii.\i, .Su.MM.\RV. — Since its organization the
Home Board has issued 1893 commis.sions. To the
year 1881 the total number of the weeks of labor
perfonued by its missionaries makes a period of 500
years. The number of baptisms iierformcd by its
missicmaries is 30,874, an average of 1053 annually.
Five thousand and tifty cliurches and stations were
sup)ilied with pr(!aehing, and many churches were
constituted and Sunday-schools organized.

India.n Missions.- — Prom tin; beginning of the
century Southern Tiaiitists have manifested much
interest in the reformation and evangelization of
the Indians. Organized elforts were nuide first in
Kentucky and then in (jeorgia for their education
and Christianization, and were carried on, purlly,
through the Jlission lioard of the (Jerier.il Conven-
tion, at I'hiladelphia, until 1842, when ;i. W'c-tcrn
Haptist Conventiipii met at ('inciiinati, and I he rc-
Hult was the formation, in 1843, of the .Viucriean
Indian Mission Association. This association es-

tablished missions in the (Jhoctaw and (Jreek ini-
tlons, sending as missionaries to them llev. Sidney
Dyer, lt(;v. .Iii.seph Smcdiey, llev. Itamscy I'utls,
Kcv. j\. L. Hay, and liev. II. I'', liuckncr, who was
sent in 1818, and who is slill laboring siieeessliilly
in the Creidc nation. 4'li(se uiissionaries, aided by
faithful native preachers, baptized inaiiy converts
and estaldishcd various chniches. in 1854 the
..Vmerican Indian Jlisslon Association, lhriini;li its
i\Iission I'xiard at IjonisviUc, transferred all its In-
dian mission work to the Domestic and Indian
Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convetition,
which accepted the charge in 1855, at Montgomery,
Ala. Since that time this board has been most
earnestly and zealously engaged in the Indian mis-
sion work, and wonderful success has crowned its
elTorts. From time to tinn; the board has sent out
various missionaries to labor in the Indian Terri-
tory, among whuiii were Bev. B. (!. Mcdlatt, scut
in 1853; Rev. B. J. IlogiUi, sent in 1858; Bev. A.
F. Vandivere, in 1858; Bev. J. A. Slover, ia 1859;
Bev. \V'illis Burns, in 1859; Bev. J. \. i'rcston,
in ISOO; Bev. J. S. Morrow, ol' ticorgia, a most
elfieient and faithful missionary, was sent out in
1857, and, supported by the Beliobotb Association,
has continued to labor most elficiently until the
present time. From fust to last, however. Dr. II.
I'\ Buckner has remained in connection with the
Convention, and his laborious faithfulness consti-
tutes liim the •' Judsou" of the West.

Among the missionaries were many half-breed
and full-lilood natives, who.se long and faithful la-
liors in the employ of the board have aided im-
men.sely in making the Cherokees, Creeks, Choc-
taws, Chickasaws, and Scminoles what they are
to-day, a civilized, Christian )ieo|ile; and their
names should be put on record, — I'ctcr Folsom,
l^imon Hancock, Lewis Cass, \Villiam Cass, John
Jumper.

A few figures will give an idea of the number
of missioiuiries employed, the amount disbursed
for their support, and the nature and result of their
labors as employes of the Domestic and Indian
jMission Board. In IS50 and 1857, 20 white and
native missionaries were employed, at a cost of
SI 6,780.26, among the Creeks, Cherokees, and
Choetaws. Several schools, also, were maintained
in successful operation. In 1858-59, 35 missionaries
were sustained, — 19 among thet'reeks, 10 anioiiL'
the Choetaws, and 0 among the Cherokees, — aiel
$18,019.77 were expended. 'I'he annjunt collecicd
for Indian missions in live years wa.s $61 ,01 1.74.
'J'he work performed was the supply of preaching
to 135 churches and out-stations, 355 converts bap-
tized, 5 churches const it II ti'd, 5 meeting- houses built,
4 Sabbath-schools organized, with 13 teachers and
I 17 )iupils, and 2 ministers and lOdeacoiis ordained.
In 180(1 and 1801 31 missionaries and 8 iiiteriircleri*

IHH!

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HOVTHICnN

lOSO

f: OUT HERN

were oiniiloyoJ, iit ;i cost of ?23,S,jrj. During tlie
two yi-';ii-.s 171 cliurclu^s niul slutioiis were tiu|i|ilied
witli )u(>iicliiiiu, -II elnirehos were euiistitLiliid, 2.5
iiiliiisters iiii<l S deueons were iirdiiined, li teiiiper-
:uieo sueieties were loriueil, niul -IIM) |iers()ns were
l;upti?.ed, while botli Siuiduy-selinnl.s iiiul !>eeill;ir
i^elidiils llomislied.

'I'lie wiir then e:iiiie uii, iind liiially e,;ui.seil a tutal
.siis|ieii>ii)ii ol' liidiiiii missidjis. I'revimis. lo I.S7U
ahuiU hail' a dozi-'ii missionaries only were kept eni-
jiloj'ed. Ill IS75 there were sixteen, — two in North
Carolina among the Cherokces in that; State. In
187() eleven were snstiiined in the Indian Territory ;
but of late years the hoard has been gradually in-
<;reasing its ojieration.s and enlarging its Held among
the Indians.

lic.sidh. — As late as 184.') the Creeks had laws
in Ibvoc to punish '"praying people," and in that
yi'ar tour Christians were whipped. Now, the ]$ap-
tists alcjiie have among the Creeks 2 Asscjeiations,
,'i2 rhurehes, with 17 Snndayseliools, about oO
native preachers, and a membership oI' |jOt).
Among the Seminoles there are 7(10 ineinbers anil
heveral native jiroachors ; and j'et, except for ii few
years only, II. V. lUiekner lias been the only white
missionary of the board to these two tribes, contain-
ing a ])opnhition of 14,.'JUU Creeks and 2500 Semi-
noles. Among the Choetaws and Chiirkasaws there
are 2.300 ehureli members. The Choctaw ;ind
Chickasaw ]laptist Association, connected with
Southern Baptist Missions, had 29 churches, with
lijUO iiienibers, tmd IG Sunday-seliools, with G2lj
scholars and 4o teachers, in 18S0. Among the
Cherokees there is a IJaptist Association compris-
ing a meiubership of more than JOUO. In connec-
tion with its Creek mission the board has a manual
labor school, capable of eductiting at one time M
girls and 50 boys; and it has, also, a church with
<iy mcmliers among the wild tribes, the ])astor of
whieh, dohn Jum|ier, is a full-blooded Seminole.

Mission- to the Ciiini;se i.n CAi.iroit.M.i. — In No-
vember, bS7'.l, the Home .Mission ISoard sent Rev.
J. Ii. llartwcll, ]).!).. as a missionary to the Chinese
in San Francisco, Cal. Immediately after his ar-
rival l>r. ilartwell entered heartily into his work,
and soon baptized a convert. He employed a hall
lor preaching, and he opened a night school for
the Chinese. His labors gradually extended sue-
eessfully, and he at length united the Chinese Uap-
tist converts into ;i church, having bapti/.ed one
Nvomaii, who is, perhaps, the first Chinese female
convert ever baptized in the United Stales.

Uev. J. ]{. Ilarlwidl has line talents. He sjiont
twenty years in Northern China; but being com-
pelled by the ill hi'alth of his family to return to
America, he was thus providentially at hand, well
prepared Ibr this important missiim in Caliluiiiia.
It is thought that it will assist grcati)' in tin.' evan-

gelization of China by the return to that countrv
of converts from California.

T'liE liiiu,i; ISoAHn. — In 1X46 the Southern Bap-
tist ( loiivcntion constituted its two boards its agents
for liible ojicrations, and in the next four years
$10,000 were contributed and <lisliursed in the dis-
tribution ol the diviiu; Word. L)niing the same
lime the South./rn liaplists gave more than twice
as much — that is, .'521,1, liOS.S'J — to the American and
Foreign Bilile Society. In view of tliis and simi-
lar circymstances, tin; Convention organized a IJiblo
board, in 1851, for the purpose of more elli.'ctually
circulating the holy Scriptures at home and abroad.
The four great objects designed by the oiigi nation
of the board were, — '" I. To aid our Foreign Mission
Hoard in the translation ai'id ilistributioii of the
Scriptures in foreign lands; 2. To co-operate with
the Domestic Mission Board in the home ilistribu-
tioii of the Scriptures ; o. To concentrate and de-
vcdop the liberality of the Southern Baptists; 4.
To su)jervise and provide for the vast moral des-
titution at home and iiljroad."

The board was located at Nashville. 'I'enn. Its
first prc.-.ident was |)r, Samuel Baker, d'he other
ollicers were \V. C. liiick, Corrcs|iOiiding Secretary ;
W . 1\ Jones, Uecurding Secretary ; and (.'. A. Ful-
ler, Treasurer. The first biennial report, in 1853,
showed over SSOOO collected and Sli'.)20 (expended.

The rciiort of 1855 exhibited :?10.1 2G.',)0 received
and ;^88G2.40 disbursed, of wdiicli ^-3254 were ex-
pended in sending copies of the Bible to foreign
countries.

In the mean time. Dr. S. Baker had resigned,
and \V . H. Bayliss wa.s elected President, and A. C.
Dayton had become Corresponding Secretary, and
J. J. Toon, Recording Secretary.

The third biennial report, in 1857, showed aix
income of S3o,l.'55.27. collected and disbursed
jiartly through State societies, with the exception
oflJ2115.38 in the treasury. The report exhibited
the existence of various strong and active State
Bible societies in diU'erent States.

In 1859, Dr. R. IJ. C. Unwell was elected presi-
dent o( the board, and in the ne.xt two years about
§8000 only were coUeeteil, due partly to the want
of a corresponding secretary a large portion of the
time, and jiartly to political agitation. The re-
|iort, rendered at Savannah in the S|iriiig of ISGl,
manifested that over .'JSOOO had been collected,
Rev. L. W. Alh'ii being the corresponding secre-
tary, and tile suceessiu' of Rev. Matt, llillsman;
and although Ri'V. C. D. .Mallary brought in u
special report advocating a continuance of the
board, and although the secretary made a strong
report in favor of the operations of the Rible Board,
it was apparent ihaL its ilays W(n-e numbered.

A commil.li'C was appoiiiti'd to arrange some
plan, if possible, by wliieli a union might lie

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SOUTHERN

108G

SOUTH FAIN

efleoted liotwecn the 15ilili; Boanl ami tlie Sdiitlieni
]5iiptist Piiblioutidii •Society, at Cliarlebtuii. Many
consultations took place; bnt Ijclbiv' any avran;;!'-
inentN could be clVuctcd tlie stoi-ni ol' war fell npun
the Soiitli, tlie con-cspondinj: secretary bivanic an
ollicer in tlic Confcilorato army, Nrtsbvilb' Idl into
llie lianils of tlic rcilcral army in rwln'Mary, ISdli,
the prcsiilcnt ol tbc board was imprisoiU'd, anil, ol'
course, the :ictive operations of tin.' board ceased.
It bad, however, by means of stereotype jilates,
whieb had ■' run the blockade." printed 2tj.0(M)
small neat Testaments, 14,0lX) of wliicli bad beeii
distributed in the Confederate armies, cbielly in
Viriiinia, Ki'utuck^', .South ('artjlina, and Ueori;;iii.
Some colporta^e work was done in ISUl, but war
disturbances .soon caUsed a suspension of it. It,
however, continued to bold its regular meetings
until April, 18(>lj. The board met on the ]3tli of
April, liSI)3, and made a report, whieb was sent to
Dr. Fuller, at Baltimore, to be foi'wanled tbroui^h
the lines, but it diil not reach the Convention until
its session at Hussellville, Ky., in l.Sliti. In the
mean time, at the sessiiju of the .Southern Baptist
Convention in l(SGri. in Auu'usta, (^a., a eommittee,
composed of Jame^ P. Boyce, B. .Manly, Sr., and
A. M. I'oinde.\ter, reoommendeil thi; abolition of
the board. Their report was adopted, and the
churches wore recommended to send their contri-
butions for Bible distribution to the two boards of
the Convention, — Foreif^n and Domestic, — aceord-
inj; to the lield they wished to su))ply.

Of this action the board renniined in ignorance
until the 10th of April, IcSOtJ, when a nnieting was
called by the president, and its dissolution was an-
nounced. Its fimtl re|)ort was made iji May, ISiif),
vplicn it reported ?2 1 48.74 in the treasurer'.s. bamls
to the credit of the Southern Baptist (^)nvention.

Sunday-School Imiahu. — In ISG.j, at the session
of the .Southern Baptist Convention, iield at Au-
gusta, Ga., Dr. B. Manly, Sr., chairman, rentTered
a special report strongly advocating the creation
of ii board of Sunday-schools of the Southern Bap-
tist Convention. A comniitteo was appointed, Ijy
w4n)se advice the following ollicers wei-e elected,
besides the board and vice-presidents : Basil .Maidy,
Jr., President; C. J. Elford, Corresponding .Secre-
tary ; Rev. John A. Broadus, Recording .Secretary ;
J. C. Smith, Treasurer ; and T. Q. Donaldson,
Auditor, The board was located at Greenville,
S. C. Soon Rev. John A. Bi'oadus was made cor-
responding secretary, with a small salary. The
board within three yiMrs published several excellent
little question-ljooks and catechisms, works by Drs.
Boyce, B. Manly, Jr., and Rev. L. II. .Shuck, whieb
still retain a position as favorites in the South. In
January, I.SGO, the board began the )iublieari(iii ..f
a small nnintbly .Sunilay-s<'lioid |ia|ier called Kind
Wiinla Jul- the Suiiddii-Srlnuil C/ii/druii, at the

price of ten cents a e(j|)y. Its Mi-st editor was
Basil iM;inly, Jr, In the year 1870 this paper was
united to T/ie Child's DcUijIit, purchased from S.
Boykin, of Macon, Ga., and the two papers united
bore till! name of Kind Wovds^ wdiicli now main-
tains a vigorous and useful existence as a Sumlay-
seliool |)aper, and whieb still remains the jiropeity
of the Convention, with a wide eireulalion. Its
editor since 187li has been Rev. .S. Boykin. During
the lirst three years of its existence the .Sunday-
School Board collected $47,0,84.1(1, most of which
was expended in publisbing Kind Words. This
was in Confederate money, however, of which
S4583.4.y remained on band in Confederate treas-
ury notes at the end of the war. In the fourth
year of its existence the board collected i?730.8, in-
cluding subscriptions received for Kind Wurds,
wdiich had reaidied a circulation of 25,000. It
continued to publish various useful catecliisms.
rpiestion-books, and a Siioday-sebuol hymn-book.
It employed several evangidists, who organized
many .Sunday-schools, and perl'nrmcd evangelistic
labors in Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee,
and Kentucky. It is pleasing to record that in
the year 18GG the American Bible Society made
the board a grant of 115,000 Testaments, ecpiiv-
alent to a donation of S-Ol'5.16.

The fll'th year of the board's existence showed
some vitality and afforded canse for encourage-
ment, yet the States manifested com]jaratively
little interest in it. Rev. C.C. Bitting bad become
its corresponding secretary, and served with great
effii-iency. In 1808 the board was removed to
.Memphis, Tenn., and united with the Southern
Uaptist Sunday-School Union. In 1870, with Dr. 4'.
C. Teasdale for its corresponding secrelary, new life
was infused into this board. Its receipt.-, ran n|) to
about S80I.I0, and it bad come into possession of
the stereotype plates of many SHiiday-school books,
through its consolidation with the Southern Sun-
day-School Union. It eonseijiiently soon issued
many valuable Sunday-school books. It also em-
|iloyed various colporteurs and missionaries in dif-
ferent States, and appeared to enter upon a grand
and good vrork.

Its receipts during the eighth year of its exist-
ence were SIS, 807.0'.', the monetary contributions
from the diflTcrent States anionnting to about S800t).
Still it was found that the board was in debt to the
amount of S4500. Dr. T. (,'. 4'easdale resigned bis
position Sept. 15, 1871. No other correspiuiding
secretary was ever secured, but (hi' business aH'.iiis
of the board were \ ery Mieee^sfiilly manau'i'd by S.
C. Rogers, acting corresponding secretary and busi-
ness manager. 'I'ho receipts for 1872 were §14,240.-
05; and the receipts for 1878 were ?l 0,410.25, of'
which l>4551.27 were general contrilnitions from
the .States, and SI 1,420.82 were received as sub-

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SOUrilKllN'

1087

SOUTH K UN

scriptioiis foi- Kind }Foids. Tii iIjl" rc|ioi't to tin;
SoiitliL'i'ii IJaptist Cotivontiori lur lli;it yc:ir, tliu
editor of A7/i(< Words, S. IJoykiii, wljo was iictiiig
iis (,'Oi'ros]jomliiiif secretary yiro tcm., iiuiJe suj.'i;es-
tioiis wliieli led to tlie consolidation oC the Sunday-
Scliool lioard witli tlio Doiin'stic and Indian Mits-
sioii IJoard of tlic Sonihern liaptist (InnviNUicm, at
tlic session wliioli met in iMohile. It was nnder-
stooil that this hoard, now called the llunie Jioard,
should continue the publication of Kind H^ofds,
the Sunday-school paper of the Convention, which
liad attained a very large circulation. The paper
was removed to Macon, Oa., in IHT,>, where it has
been published ever since, and has been ol' valu-
able assistance, by its lesson expositions, to the
Baptist Sunday-schools of the South; and it lias
been bcmdieial in indoctrinating the Sunday-school
children of the Southern States in Baptist princi-
ples, and in inculcating missionary sentiments. Its
management has been such that for live years in
succession it earned .'?8I)() net per annum, and the
contract for the ni.'xt live years secured fur the
Convention SlUUU per annum.

The Sunday-School Hoard of the Southern Bap-
tist Convention was greatly needed during the war,
■when it was originated. After the war, the neces-
sity for its existence was not generally acknowl-
edged, and hence it was not adequately sustained.
The field of operations was entirely too large for
tlic instrumentality emjdoyed, and it was discerned
that the Sunday-school work should jiroperly Ik;
left to the denominational machinery of each State.
Hence the State Conventions, Associations, and
churches were earnestly exhorted to take in hand
and perform a work far too great for any one
agenc'y, witli very limiliMj means. The result has
been that each Sijuthcrn State, through its State
Mission, or Sunday-School Board, is now diligently,
zealously, and |>rosperously carrying forward the
Sunday-school work within its own borders^

Southern Baptist Theological Seminary,

The, at present located at Louisville, Ky., was lirstC
opened at (ireenville, .S. C, the lirst Monday in
October, 185'.l, with four professors, — James P.
Boyco (chairnnin of the faculty), John A. Broadus,
William Williams, and B. Manly, Jr. Twenty-six
students attended the first session, thirty-six at-
tended the second session, but the war diminished
the number iluring the third session, and the onn-
script act of the Confederate Congress caused the
suspension of the institution until the close of the
war. Its pro|)erty and a largo subscription for its
support weri! rendered almost valueless by the re-
sults of the conllict. At the close of the war, Oct.
1, IStiS, the seminary was reopened with a full
faculty and eii//il students. ' It was largrl-, sus-
tained for a time by tin; private fortune of I'rof.
Boyco. In I'^Gll the institution, which had hitherto

been under the direction of the board of an educa-
tional society, sought and obtained the fostering
inlluenee of the ■ Southern Baptist Convention.
From this period till i>il \ no attempt was made to
raise an endowment. The institution was supported
by annual collections. According to a rcsulntioii
of the board (d' trustees at that date bills were rr-
celvcd for a new location for the seminary. Tlir
Baptists of KeEilucUy pledged SolK(,()l)() liu' its loca-
tion in that .State. The proposition was accepted,
and Louisville selected for its home. Nearly the
amount pledged, which was to be supplemented by
$2l)0,lK)l> from the other Southern States, was raised
in stocks, individual bonds, and real estate, when
a financial crash again blasted the prospective en-
(hjwment, and the institution was saved from de-
struction only by a prompt subscription, in 1.S74,
of :?'JO,OI,JO, to be ))aid in five annual installments
for its current expenses. In 1870 the last of what
was secured of this subscri|)tion was exhausted,
and little of the remains ol' the |irospective endow-
ment having been collected, the seminary was again
lirought to a great strait. But once more its friends
were encouraged by the endowment of a ))rofessor-
sliip by Gov. Joseph E. Brown, of Georgia, who
donated S5(),00() for that juirpose. The board re-
S(dved to put forth an earnest elfort to add to this
SI5(>,t)00, jirevious to June, IS81. George W. Nor-
ton, Esq., of Louisville, has ]dedged $10,0110 of this
sum, jirovided the whole amount shall be raised.
This aceoin]jlishcd, an endowment of at least
S.J00,001J will be speedily completed. Through all
its struggles for existence the seminary has cim-
tinneJ to hold its usual sessions, with its full corps
of professors and a regularly-increasing number of
students. It was removcil to Kentucky, and opened
its lirst session in Louisville, Sept. 1, 1877. Since
that time it has had an average atteudancc of about
seventy-five students. Its present faculty are
James P. Boyce, John A. Broadus, B. iManly, and
W. II. Whitsitt. It is bufjust to say that Dr.
Boyce, who is ehaiiinan of die iaculty, treasurer
of the boaril, and general financial agent for the
seminarv, has been the life-power of the institution
from its conception to the present, notwithstanding
his co-laborers have been great, good, and faithful
men.

Southern Female College, The, La Grange,

(<a., was oriiani/.ed in Ks4.) by Rev. J. L i)awson,
D.D., as a school of a high order for the education
of young ladies. Dr. Dawson, however, was shortly
succeeded by Milton E. Bacon, A.M., whose lirst
class of five young ladies graduated. in l8io. Under
.Mr. Bacon's administratiun thec(dlcge rapidly grew
into favor, the graduating classes and the .ittcud-
ance on the various diqiaitmeuts of instrnetion lu-
I'reasiug from year to year. Large and lie.iutilul
buildings were erected for the various departments

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SPAItY

1088

SPALDING

of instriictiuii ami ("V tlu: accoininiiilntioii i>l' tlie
boivnlers, wlioeaiiie in lari^e nuinljors Iroiu tlii-saiid
ailjuiiiiiij; States. I'rcsidiMit llacori rulircil (Voiii
the colio_;i;e in isr).'), and \v;i>i .snccci'dcd hy Jnhn A.
Foster, A.M., who, roinaininf^ in clnirf^e till ]!S57,
was succueded by I. F. Cox, A.M., the present
president.

Kiii'inL^ the adiiiinistralion (if Mr. Baocin tlic
Western liapti.st A.ssoeialinn* pnrchased a half in-
terest in the pro]jerty, and seenred tlie appointment
of half the trustees, the other half remained with
the president and proprietors of the renniining
half interest. The eollej:;e Ijnildings were destroyed
by lire, lint President Cox with persistent, indom-
itable enerj^y kept up the organization of the eol-
lege, in spite of obstaeles that seemed insurnunint-
able, and with the returning prosperity of the
country, assisted by the liberal and progressive
citizens of La (irange, be ereetotl the magnifieent
buildings now used by the eollege, and su|iplied
the various departments — literary, music, and art
— with an outlit commensurate with the demands
of this age of progress ami intelleetual activity.

The college for nearly a (piarter of a century' has
been under its present nLanagement. Its inlluence
exti'nds to all parts of the .Sontli. The graduates, I
to the number of 400, are found in every part of
the eountry, lilling the highest social positions, and
in their literary, music, and art training bi'autilully
illustrating the work done by their alma iiiatcr.

The last eatnlogne of the eollege, for the year
closing in June, LS.SO, gives the names of 14S pu-
pils, with unusually large classes in the various
styles of painling, and in music on the dilferent in-
strumenls. 'fhe advantages ibr music offered here
arc believed, by the best critics, to be une(jualed in
the Soutli.

Spain, Mission to. — I" the latter part of No-
vemlier, ISd'J, a letter was received from Kev. \V.
J. Knapp, askitig aid of tlie iNIissionaiy Union in
bis gospel work at Madrid. On the lUth of Au-
gust, 1870. the First Baptist churchin Madrid was
constituted with a membershiji of thirty-three per-
sons. The enterprise was now taken under the
charge of the Missionary Union, and Rev. John W.
Terry was appointed as tlie assistant of Mr. Kruxpp,
but bis connection with the mission continued for
only a short time. Mr. Knapp labored with great
zeal and earnc^stness, and at times with good pros-
pects of success. Several missionary stations were
established, conversions took place, and a consider-
able number were baptized. Having accomplished
what he regarded as his special mission in Spain,
Mr. Knapp resigned and left Madrid latc'in the
fall of l(S7G. The Kxccutive ('(jmmitti'c id' tin;
Union, relerriiig ti; his work in Spain, .-ay "lie
laliored with zeal and industry to plant missions
in various part- of the country ; but owing to tin.'

unsi'ttlcd state of Spain, the frivolous character
of the [leople, and the inelliciency of the native
preachers, one |uomising interest after another
drop|ied out of sight." Notwithstanding the dis-
ciairagements connected with the carrying on of
the mission in Spain, the Kxccutive Committee have
not felt justiliod in aliandiming the field at present.
The work is now carried on entirely Ijy initive
agency. There are four churches, three ordained
ministers, and 140 church members in Spain.

Spalding, Albert Theodore, D.D., jjastor of
the Second IJajitist church, ^Ulanta, Oa., is a man

.M.nERT THEODORE SP.M.tJlMl, D.D.

of ability and administrative capacity ; possesses
great courteousness of d(;meanor, and is especially
beloved by the young, lie is a very ready speaker,
has a tine comnniiul of language, and bis pulpit
manner is agreeable, even to the most fastidious,
lie was iiorn in KIbcrt County, Oct. 20, 18;il, his
parents being Kev. A. JI, Spalding, A.M., M.D.,
and Lucinda Burton. Mr. A. T. Spalding was
graduated with one (4' the honors of his class, in
18.01, from Mercer University. Impressed with
the duty of jireaching the gospel, he spent two
years more at ]\Iercer, in the theological depart-
ment, receiving instruction from Dr. John L. Dagg
and Dr. N. M, Crawford. In 1S51 he was ordained
as pastor of tin' i bur. h in Aiken, S, (',, where for
two years he was pastor; then hi; was pastor at
Afadison, (!a,, for lour years. Called to the charge
of the IJerean clnirrli, in ^Vest I'hiladelphia, ho
served two years, and relurned South on account
of the civil war, llirii in progress. His services

^/•!0I

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SI'ALDING

10<S9

ST'KA li

were soon put in i'L"(|iiisitiiiii at tin! South. Tlie
Selina, Ahi., cliuroli uallod liiiii, and had iiis labors
for four years. iMobilo tlit'ii doiuaudcd his tiiiin
nnd talents, and he preaidiud lor the St. I'rariols
Street chureli I'lnir years. A cidl bv the AValiiut
Street cluireh, Ijouisvillc, Ky., drew him lo that
lar^e elmreli, of wIcmI, he was pastor •lour years,
sueeeediiii^ Di'. (j. ('. lioriuier. His native State
ouuo more ulaiiued liis si^rvices, and, in rcisponse to
iin invitation of the Seeond Uaptist churcli, In;
moved to Atlanta in 1871, lioeoniiui;; the sueeessor
of Dr. \Vm. T. lirantiy, who had lieen ealled to
Kai tinnn-e.

He is still residini; in his elegant homo in that
funjons eity of the South, the successful pastor of
one (d' the lari^est, riclii'st, and most prominent
liaptisl eliui'clies in tlio country. Tlie deii;ree of
Dot-tor of i'iviiiity was conferred upon him by
Georiii'town (.'ollejre, Ky., in ISO'J.

Dr. Spaldinii has Ijeon wcdl educated, and is a
line scholar, lie is a luan of cultivated tastes and
gentlemanly instiucis, and, as a preacher, sustains
a good reputation admii'aldy. His churches always
grow, and they contribute liberally to our benevo-
lent projects. Wherever Dr. Spalding has labored
his natural abilities, force of character, independ-
ence of spirit, ajid unllagging '/.cal have eiiabh d
him to sustain himself well. He is a nunnber of
the Slate Jioard of Missions and of the (jcorgia
]>aptist Convention, and is a trustee of Mei-eer
University. Beside^ being an able )neaelier, he is
the author of a work ealled "The Little (iate, an
Allegory, ' that was published by Gould & Jiincoln,
of IJuston.

Spalding;, Rev. Amos Fletcher, was born in
Boston, .Mass,, J.in. 11!, ISlil. His intention was
to devote himself to mercantile pursuits, but having
been called of God, as he believeil, to the work of
tiio ministry, he prepareil foi" college at the Worces-
ter Academy, entered iirown University in 1843,
and graduated in lS4i. Three years were spent
in theological studies at the Newton Theologietil
Institution, and in March, 1851, he^wtis ordained,
anil settled as the (jastor of the l>a|)tist churcli in
Montreal, Catuida. He remained here but a short
time. The ne.\t eight yeai-s of his ministerial life
wi'rci equally divided between the (diurclies in Cam-
bridge, Mass., and Calais, Me. Having beini called
to Warren, U. I., he was pastor of the Bajitist church
tin re lor -ten years. H(; was subsequently pastor
at Norwich, Conn., and Needlnun, Mass. 'I'lie only
thing Mr. Spalding published was an iiitere^tiiig
oeutenuial disc-oursi' on the history of the Warren
eliurch, to which reference is nuule in the histori-
cal ski'teh of this (.hurch found in this voluuic.
He died at Chelmesford, Nov. ;;i), 1S77. He was
one of our best ministers, res[iected umi beloved
by a large circle of friends.

Spear, Prof. Philetus B., D.D., was born at
Palmyra, N. Y., May 2:5, 1811 ; prepared for col-
lege at OstrandiM-'s Mathematical School and Pal-
myra High S.hool ; came lo Hamilton Dec. 1, 1831 ;
entered the first class that took a full college course ;
graduated fnuu (college in 1830, and from the tlieo-
Uigictil seminary in l8;iS.

He became classical teacdier in 183."), tutor of
mathematics in 1837, then Professor of Hebrew,
ami in 1850 Professor of Hebrew and Latin; has
taught over hirty years; was punctual, methodical,
thorough, inspiring his classes with high motives,
and with enthjisiasiii.

After the charter of 1840 he was a sort of com-
mittee of ways iuid means to the treasurer. Two
emergencies outside of liis chair taxed severely his
energies:

First. The removal controver.sy, in the midst of
the highest prosperity, was suddenly sprung upon
ihe university, running through (hree years, with
dividi^l counsels and legal proceedings. His posi-
tion was moderate but lirm : " 'J'hat a /icio institution
was better for the Western field, that the possibility
of removal ^vas doubtful, and therefore JIadisoii
University should be let alone." He made a his-
torical and legal "Brief"' thatlieeame the basis of
all the injunctions against removal, 'i'he positions
taken in it were sustaini^d by the courts, and a
per|ietual injunction issued. Twice he stood alone,
oiice when the " eoin])romise scheme'' was urged
to take awa}' the university charter and leave
" anolher school.'' He insisted tljLit it meant death
to the Hamilton cnlerprise, and that the (duirter
must stay or all go. Then again, when all other
questions were settled, and by deaths and resigna-
tions not even a quorum of Hamilton men were
left on the university board, he took the responsi-
bility, pecuniary and oilierwise, of "negotiation
and adjustment," at an hour wlieu all that had
been contended for might have been lost by losing
the university charter and board ; and thus the
university was saved by jjassiug through the nar-
rowest strait possible, there being but a bare quo-
rum to act in the adjustment.

The controversy ended, around Drs. Latoii and
Spear rallie<l the old enthusiasm and patronage,
and in tlir(;e years brought back more than the old
prosp(!rity. 1'his .success brought large accretions
of work and res|ionsibility, and for ten years, be-
sides his chair of Hidjiew and Latin, he was libra-
rian, and secretar}' of both boards, and of the ex-
ecutive nnd provisional eoiumittoes. This outside
w(nd; lie discontinued when the; necessity ceased.

iSei-oiul. The necessity for an endowment brought
aiMjther emergency. Salaries were small, inciuiie
inadequate. 'I'o push <iut wiih larger |dans re-
quired larger means. Hired agencies for thhs spe-
cilic work had nearly picjved a fiilurci. Forced by

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SPEIGHT

1090

SPHNCE

the logic of cirouiiistances, he unilertook thia outside
work. lie had already, in 1S50, enj^iuecred the
iii'st suhseriptioii lor ^00,01)0, then near the close
of the war he liad organized and started the Col-
gate! plan for $60,0(10 more. In ISG4 he took more
earne.^t hold of endowment as a voluntary and
gralnituns servici', hot making i^ a side-issue lor
ri.'eri'ation. 'i'lie lirst year l?M2,0()0 came in ; I'ur
the ".luhilec," 18C.'.)-70, $220,000; for the "Na-
tional (lentennial," 18Tl5, Sl()2,000; and other sums
.straggling in, made for all purposes about half a
inillion in casii since the war. This should he said
to recognize the iiid of tliosi' whole-souled men and
women, without whum no success could have I'mI-
luwed, namely, the Colgate IJrothers and a tliuusauil
others, Trevor, with j\lrs. I)r. Somers, and many
new-comers, Mrs. King, U. Munroe, Cornell, and
scores doing e(|ually well.

As a student and professor he has kept pace with
the university life for nearly half a century, having
]iersoually known every member of the faculty,
and Ijeing familiar with the dilferent )diases of uni-
versity history, lie has used his pen with effect,
especially in the removal controversy. lie drew
up the " Fraternal Address" to Baptists, issued
June 9, 1S49; also the "Address to the Albany
Convention" of Oct. 4, IS4'J ; and then the "Answer
to l>r. Williams's Compromise Scheme" of Oct. 22,
IS4y, — all ol' w hicli did much to settle mooted ques-
tions, and to establish the old devotion, enthusiasui,
and [latronage. .

Speight, Gen. Joseioh Warren, was born in

Greene Co., N. C, Jlay 31, IS2;j. His father, Hon.
Jesse Speight, was a mendjer of Congress IVum
North < 'arcilina, and U. S. Senator from Mississippi.
His early education was obtained at Stony Hill
Jligh SehiMjl. After the family removed to Missis-
sippi, which occurred wlien he was twelve years old,
he completed a higher caurse of study under the tu-
ition of licv. It. C. IJurleson, then teaching in Mis-
sissi|ipi. At the age of twenty he commenced the
]U'aetice of law in Aberdeen, .Miss., and continued
it with pnilil and distinction ui^til failing health
induced him to turn his uttmition to farming. In
the fall of 1853 he removed to Waco, then a vil-
lage in McLennan Co., Texas, and ever since has
been constantly employed in agricultural pursuits.
His connections ami early predihictifUis were .Metli-
odist, but " the plain, unmistakable, and irresistible
force of Ood's holy truth compelled him to bccouu;
a Baptist." Soon after his Ijaptism, in 1857, ho
was chosen a ileacon, clerk of the Waco church,
and superintendent of the Sunday-school, and has
contijiued in these ottices up to this time, lie has
served as moderator of Trinity River Association,
twice as president of tiie (Jeneral Assoei.iliMU (d'
Texas, and he is now moderator of AV'acn .\ssinia-
tion. He Was grand nuister of the Grand Lodire

of Masons in Mississippi when about twenty-seven
years old. His father named him Joseph Warren
from a twofold admiration of the distinguished
general who fell at Bunker Hill, arid who was tho

GEN. JOSEl'lt W.\RUEN Sl'EIGUT.

first Masonic grand master in North America. The
son has ever been a prominent Mason. At the
opening of the civil war he raised the 15th Regi-
ment Texas Infantry, and was appointed its cidoncl,
serving with it exclusively in the trans-Mississippi
{•epartmciit. He was promoted to the commafid
of a brigade, and continued to be its geiieral uniil
afler the battles of .Manslield and I'leasant Hill,
La., at the latter of which he was wounded. His
health failing, he sui-r(;ndered his brigade to Gen.
I'olignac, and was relieved from fiehl duty till the
war closed. From its origin he has been president
of the bcjard of trustees of Waco University, and
perha|fe tlie best service of his life has been in be-
half of that important institution, in wluise pros-
perity he manifests all a father's love. Blessed in
his Uiarried life, prosperous in secular jinrsiiits,
and in the prime of manhood, the church and the
world will, i'rovidenee favoring, witness yet much
work for man and his Creator.

Spence, Rev. Georg-e Sumner GodtJard, was

born in lioslon, iKc. 21 , IM',); lilted for i-nlh'ge at
the academy in .\ew lIam|itoii, N. II.; graduated
at 15rown University in 1839 ; and, after teaching
four years, went to the Newton Theological Semi-
nary, where he graduated in 1811). He was or-
dained as (iiistor of tlu.- Baptist chuich in \Vest
Wrentliam, Mareh '.',\. 1817, where hi' remaiiu'd a

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SPENC'J'JE

1091

S PRATT

yciir ami a li;il(', uiul then l)eeiimo pastor of the
oliui'cli ill Augusta, Mc. Siicli was tin: stato of his
licalth that hi; was ohli};i!d to ,:;ivc up thu ministry
iiml clovoti; himself to hiisincss |iiirbiiits. lie ilioil
at Salom, iMass., .Sept. 7, IIS03.

Spencer, Rev. David, A.M., younjrest son of

Cliarh's W. and Mary Siieiicer, was linrn at Eii-
dcrby, Leieestcrsliin.', En^hmd, May 2.), ISiJ'J.
His parents, on enming to tlie United States, si't-
tled in Gei-mantovvn, I'hihidelphia, wlierc, in ISflli,
they bceame constituent inciabors of the First Ger-
liiantown church. Into tlie fellowsliip of tiiis church
the subject of this skctcli was baptized May 1, 1S,')M.
lie entered upon his studies at tlie university at
Lcwisburg, JIarch, IS;')", and vcinaincd until lS6l2;
was licensed to preach in 1S59, and was ordained
at Point I'leasant, Pa., Aug. C, 18G2, where lie en-
tered upon his lirst pastorate. He remained until
March 1, IStiJ, when he became [lasfor of the Itox-
lioriiugb church, Pliiladelphia. Here he continued
ill aljinidant and fruitful labors until Oct. 15, 1877,
when ho accejited an ajipointment as district secre-
tary of the American Baptist ^Missionary Union.
This position ho tilled with remarkable ability and
untiring devotion until Sept. 1, 1880, when ho au-
ce|ited an urgent call to become pastor of the Penii
Avenue churcli, Scranton, Pa., in which licld ol'
labor he still remains. He served the Philadelphia
liaptist Association i'ur eleven years as clerk or as-
sociate clerk, and, as a fitting testimony to tlic
value of his services, his letter of declination was
placed upon the minutes of that body for 1878.
lie iias also served as secretary and president of the
Philadelphia Cunference of liaptist ministi.'rs, and
has been coiistantly and zealously engaged in pro-
moting the local and general interests of the de-
nomination. He received the degree of A.M. in
1808 from the university at Lewisburg.

3Ir. Spencer is an ell'ective ])reaclier, a faithful
pastor, and a devout Christian. He is deeply in-
terested in all that pertains to the history' and growth
of the denomin-.itioM, and in 1877 he published an
interesting volume entitled "The Early Baptists
of Philadelphia.^'

Spencer, Rev. James, was born In Cape Bre-
ton ; was baptized, and united with the Baptist
church at .'Sydney, the capital of that island ; or-
dained pastcu' at Chester, Nova .Scotia, May 17,
lHo3; filled useful pastorates in Nova Scotia, at
Lower Granville, Digby, Tiisket, and Chebogue.
Mr. .Spencer is now seamen's chajdaiii in ,St. John,
New Brunswick.

Spilsbury, Rev. John. — In 1G16, in London,

England, a (,'ongregational church was formed, of
■which Henry Jacob was the iirst pastor. His suc-
cessor was John Tjathorp, wlio presided over ihe
church in lO.ili. Uuring PiiJi; several jjersoiis, dis-
satislied with the loose way the cbundi held it.■^ ilis-

senting principles, and convinced that baptism
should be administered to all believers and to no
liabes, sought and obtained the authority of Mr.
Ealhorp's community to liamd a distinct church,
in accordance with tlndr own principles. The
church was constituted Sept. 12, 1G33. The Rev.
John Spilsbury was elected its lirst pastor. A\'il-
liaiii Killiii and others, in IG,'j8, came IVom the old
Congregational home and united with the Baptist
church. This was a Oalviiiistical church, and by
some is supposed to have been the lirst church of
the Particular B:iptist order in modern England.
This view lacks evidence. Mr. Spilsbury attained
great eminence as a minister of our denomination,
and was long tlie honored pastor of this people. He
was alive in 1G6().

Spotts, Rev. John, was born Oct. 8, 1784. He
was of Oermaii descent, and lived in Lcwisburg,
Greenbrier Co., W. Va. At tlie age of thirty he
joined the Presbyterians, and became a zealous
worker in the church and Snnday-sidiool. It is a
matter of record that twenty-one of the young mer»
connected with his Sunday-school became )jreacli-
crs, and one of them, Uev. J. L. Shuck, a missioii-
ar)' to China. Upon changing his views on the
mode of liaptism, he gave up his connection with
the intluential and jiopular Presbytcu'ian church,
and became a meinber of tlie small Baptist church
in Lcwisburg.

Not long after this he was licensed to preach,
and in 1832 was ordained, and appointed to travel
as a missionary.

Mr. .Sjiotts was distinguished for his ardent love
of Christian people, and for earnest piety and zeal
in his work. Though called home in the very
strength of his manhood, lieing )jut forty-tbiir years
of age, yet he did a grand and glorious work, and
many will rise up in the last ilay and bless God
that he lived. He was chocirful in his work, and
when the summons came he mot it with exclama-
tions of triumph. " Bh'ssed arc the dead."

Spratt, George M., D.D., was liorn in Quebec,
Canada, April 7, 1813; was eouverlcd when se\'en
years old ; entered upon his stmlies at Hamilton,
N. Y., in 1830, having walked all the distance
from his home in Pennsylvania ; was afterwards
ordained as a missionary in <'entral Pennsylvania.
During his labcus he (U-gaiiized three churches,
built three meeting-houses, and baptized many
converts. He subsequently liecaine jiastor of the
church at Towanda, Pa., wdiero he remained four
years; was also pastor of the chnrches at Elmira
and Fairport, N. Y. ; received the degree of l).l).,
in 18ti'J, from the university at Lcwisburg. In the
establishment and growth of this institution he con-
tributed a large misasnre of ellicient service. In
1851 he was made con-('s|i(jnding sei:retary and
linancial agent of the Pennsylvania Baptist Educa-

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SrilATT

1092

si'(riiGK(m

tion Society- 'I'liis position lie still liolils, awil to
tlie work of iiiiiiisteriiil eihiciition he has ^;iven the
best years and oiierf^ies ul' his life. His iiuiiie ami
his praise are in all the eliurches. lie has labored

GEORGIi M. Sl'UATT, B.D.

long and well, but his ej'e is not yet dimmed nor
his natnral loree abated. He is an instnietivu and
oarne.vt proaeher, and eari'ies forward his work with
intiMi.se devotion and elHeii;ney. His dau;;litcr, Miss
Harriet E. Spratt, was lor several years before her
death the prineipal of the University Female Insti-
tute at Lew isbiu j;, I'a.

Spratt, Geo., M.P., was born in ^\'illrhl'stl'r,
England, .Inly 8, ITST. ,liiii. II, I'^ll, he iiianied
Miss KlizaVieth .Main, and three days after .-et sail
as a, medical missionary for the East Indies. I'rov-
idcnce, however, guided liiiii to Quelico, Camida,
•where he labored as pastor of an " Independent"
church. Uemoving to I'hiladolphia, he became'
thoronglily convinced of the truth of Baptist .sen-
timents, and received nut only Scriptural baptism,
but also ordination, the brethren of that day being
unwilling to' recognize tlie .)rtliodo.\y of an alien
administration of either baptism or llic ollicial act
of oonsecralion to the functions of the go.spel min-
istry. His first pastorate in his new connection
Mas over the recently-funned church in liridgeton,
N.J. ,Subsec(iHMit labors were given to thechurchi's
of Shuiiiokin and vicinity, 'i'he church of (loving-
ton, Tioga t\i.. was formed through his labors; Al-
leghany and -Mead Corners, churches in the north-
western portion of the State, >liared in lii:, pa.-.loral
efforts. The last church he served as iiastor was

Oi;oUOK S. .sl'U.\TT, M.D,

Jan. 28. 18().'^, in the seventy-si.xth year of his age
and the fifty-third of an acce|itable ministrv. " A
sinner saved by grace" was the memurial he or-
dered in his will to bo engraved on hi.s tombstone.
A son, the corresponding secretary of the Pennsyl-
vania Baptist Education Society, and a grandson,
.lolin Spr.itt Weiglitnour, ]iastor in I'ii isburgh,
I'a., arc in the active service of the ministry.

Spurden, Charles, D.D., was bum .May 125,
1812, nmir London, England, where he was con-
verted in 1832; was baptized by Rev. Edward
Steano, D.I)., of Caniberwell: studied four years
at the Baptist College, Bristol, under the )ircsidcncy
of I)r. Crisp; ordained in 1841 jiastiu- of the Bap-
tist church of Hereford ; liecame ]jrinci])al of the
Baptist Semintiry, Fredericton, New ISrunswick, in
1843, and continued ably to discharge the duties
of his office till liis resignation in IM'u. Eminently
gentlemanly and Christian, sound in theology,
earnest and clear as a teacher and preacher. Dr.
Spurden's work and ministry in New Brunswick
|iroved a blessing to the denoiiiination ami the
puljlic.

Spurgeon, Rev. Charles Haddon, the most

widely-known preacher of the age. was burn ut
Kelvcdun, County of Essex, England, June 10,
1834. At an earl}' age he was removed to his
grandfather's house at Stambourne. in the same

thoOreat Valley, in Chester County. After closing i
his labors here, the growing infirmities of years I
precluded any change, lint he supplied oecasionally
the Valley Forge church, until his sudden death,

,llj|l"(( HtH.

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SFUROEON

1093

SPUR OE ON

ouunty, ;niit ri'iiiaincd tliero several years. His
;;riiii(iriitliei', xvlio was the pasturol' llio ImlepeiKleMt
rimreli ol' Uiac plaee, and a man of coiisiiliirablu
niite I'lir liis loiii^-eDiilinui'il uinl iisi I'lil lalxn's, Wiis

REV. CUAltLES IIADDO.X Sl'URGEON.

soon iiupros.seil witli the eliiUl's thoiij^htl'iilness and
keen iiioi-al ]ierco|itii>ns. Most of the pioii.s people
who were ai;(|iiaiiited with the t'aaiily seem to have
antic-ipated a remarkable eareer Cur hiiu, and the
well-known Uev. lliehard Knill, when visiting at
Slainhourne in 1844, was so strnek with the boy's
ability and ehavaelei' that he declared to the as-
sendiled family his "solemn presentiment that tlii.s
ehilil will |H<'airh the gospel to thousands, and (Jod
will bless him to many .souls." Having received a
liberal edneation at a private aendeniy at Colches-
ter, he engaged himself in his fifteenth year as
assistant in a scdiool at Newmarket con<lueted by a
member of the Baptist <lenomination. 'fhis en-
gagement led to his first associating himself wit[i
Baptists, his family and friends being all Inde-
pendents. At this time, however, he had not found
|ieaeO in Christ, although (lee|dy convinced of sin.
About the close of the year 18."i(J his distrc^ss of
soul greatly increased, and he attended religious
services in various places, seeking salvation in vain,
until on December 10 he happened to go into a
Primitive Methodist chapel in Colchester, and heard
a senium on the text, " liOok unto me, and be ye
saved." From that hour ho rejoiced in salvation.
lie now felt it his duty to make a profession of his
faith in Christ, and tci unite him.^clf wiili il.i- Bap-
tists. Although this step was not altogethn plcafting

to his family, his father ami his grandfather b<.'ing
l'edobapli.--t ministers, they at length yielde<l to his
wishes, and In; was baptized .May .'i, 1801. A year
afterwards he removed lo Caiiiliridge, still con-
tinuing to teach as an usher, or assistant master.
Having joined the old Baptist church in St. An-
drew's Street, of which Uobert Hall and Kobert
Uobinson had been pastor.s, ho soon fouiul a c(mi-
genial sphere of work in connection with "The
I. ay-Preachers' Association." He became a wel-
come visitor at the thirteen village stations sup-
plied by this )jody, and in KS.'iL! lie was inviteil
by the little church at Waterlicach to assume tin;
pastoral charge. His family and friends wislu'd
him to enter a theological seminary, and steps
wore taken to introduce him to l.)r. .\ngus, the
distinguished president of K(!gent's Park (Jollege.
Throngh a misunderstanding the proposed meet-
ing did not take plaei:, and he continued at ^Vater-
beach. His ministry there was so eminently suc-
cessful that in the autumn of 1853 the deacons
of the ancient church in .Southwaik, London, the
church of Benjamin Keaeli, Dr. Gill, and Ur. Rip-
poji, were led to invite him to supply the pulpit.
For some time the congregation there had been
dwindling away, ami at his iii-st service there were
only liOll attendants in a building capable of hold-
ing 1200. The result of the ilrst sermon was a
great increase in the evening attendance, and an
invitation to come again as soon as possible. After
three more Sundays he was asked to sujiply for six
months with a view to a |ieniiam!nt settlement as
pastor. He agreed to come for tlu'ee months. Be-
fore the three months had |iassed away the small
minority who had opposed the motion to call him
to the pastorate wen; absorbed into the majority,
and on April 28, 1854, he accepted their cordial and
unanimous call. His metropolitan ministry was a
grand success Irom the start. All li(mdon was soon
talking of the youthful Whitefield who had been dis-
cov(;red in a Cambridgeshire village. From Lou-
don his fame spread throughout the land. Within a
year the church ediiiee had to be enlarged. During
the alterations Kxi;ter Hall was hired, and over-
flowing congregations in that spacious and central
place attracted towards him the attention and crit-
icism of tlu; press. His " Kxeter Hall Sermons"
w(;re [iiiblislu;d and had an (;xtensive B;ile. Invita-
tions to preaidi llowed in upon him from all quar-
ters, to which he readily responded, fn 185(i, the
eidarged chapel having proved utterly imidequate
to accommodate the ci-owds who Hocked to hear
him, he commenced preaching in the IMiisic ILill
of tbeSuri-ey (Jardeus, an iiiimi;ii,-.e building, whic;li,
although callable of sealing TUDO, was always
densely crowded. Here notable persons of all
sorts were fre(iucntly seen curiously studying this
pulpit |iheuomenon. But, of course, the Jliisic

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SrURGKON-

lOUf)

STAND AUn

Hall cuulj not bo tlio lioiiii; of a cliuivli, and in
Auiiii.si, I8.')'J, tlio fimiulatiun-stonu ol' the Metro-
politan 'I'ahurnaele was laiil. The btnicLuru was
t'Oin|ilt-'tod in March, iSlil, and at thi; conclnsion of
a series of opening Ki'.i-vioc'M the entire cost, £31,1100
(S1'''0,0()()), was eontrihuted. Snhseqnentiniprove,-
laenls liave enhu'giMl tljis aeeonnnudatiiniS, and tiiere
all' now seats fur TifjOl) [lerMuns, and slanding-rooni
fur lOUO nujre. It is well Iviiovvn that tiie eongn.'-
j;ati(.ins always lill the (ilaee on Sundays when i\lr.
y|uugeou . jiroaehes. A\'lien the einircli took pos-
session of the Tabernacle there were 1 ITS nicmbers
on the roll ; there are now npwards of SfiOU. JMr.
Spnrgeun s frei|nent attacks ot illness, and the
great increase of the nieinbership, led the church,
in l^iliS, to ap|iuint liis brother, the Uov. James
Arclier Spiu'geun, as co-pastor, and lliis fellowship
iii service is still hannoniously and jirospd'ously
maintained. Besides his pnlpit laliors, Mr. Spiir-
gi^on's pen is ever busy. Ills contribnlions to the
press and to theological literatiiie rank hiiu with
the most; emineut masters ui style, and are scarcely
l(;ss ell'ceti\e than his preaching. He is also among
the most active leaders in jjhilanthrupic work, and
princely in his gifts. An tn'phanage for boys was
eomiiienced in IStiT, and one for girls in 1880, at
.Stoekwell, Lunihni. In thesebuildings TjUO or (JOI)
fatherless childii'n are received, being admitted
between the ages of six and ten years, and remain-
ing nntil they are fourteen. The most needy appli-
cants are generally preferred by the trustees, with-
out regard lo sectarian distmetions. Mr. Spurgeun's
remarkable faculty of administration ha.y made the
St(;ekwell Orphanage famous among works of be-
nevolence. K.irly in his ministry he eoiumcnced
at bis own charge the enterprise which has devel-
oped into the l'asto)'s' College, from which institu-
tion some hundreds of students have gone! forth as
preachers and niissioiniries. In 18CT) he started ;i
monthly magazine, the Swoid and Tiuwtl, pur-
posing to nnike it the foster-parent of the college
anil orphanage, am.! the project has proved every
way successful. A f'ol|iijrtage Association and
Mrs.'Spurgeon's liook Fund to provide free gifts
of books lor poor pastors, are valuable adjuncts to
the colossal work of which the Tabernacle is the
centre. Week by week for upwards of twenty-five
years a sermon by Jlr. .Spnrgeon lias been pub-
lished, and not a few of ihem have had a remark-
ably large sale. They have been translated into
several languages, and their entire circulation is
probably unparalleled. Mr. Spurgeun has two
sons, twins. Both arc preachers, and one is jiastor
of a Baptist ehureli at Cireenwich, near London.

Sptirgeon, James Archer, co-pastor of the

Metropolitan 'I'abernacle, London, ajid only brnlle r
of the senior pastor, studied at Kegent's I'ark t'. l-
lege, and Ijegau his regular ministry at Southamp-

ton in KSj'J. Subsequently he became (lastor of a
church ut Croydon, near London, at the siinio tinio
assisting in tutorial work at the I'asfors' College,
hi bStiS ho was invited to his ]iri'sent position, in
which ho has won the conlidi-nce and esteem of the
denomination. A I'rw years .'•inee be visited the
United States, wlii're he was received with enthu-
siasm lor lii.s brother's sake and for his own worth.

J.V-MIiS .MiCIIKIt SI'intC.Ko.N.

Stallings, Rev. J. N.— The son of a useful

Baptist minister, iMr. Stallings was eunverted at
the University of North Carolina; read and jjrac-
tised liiw for sevei'al years before he began to
preach, and has coaibineil in himself several dill'er-
ent pursuits at the same time. Just now he is
pastor, teacher, and editor ; for many years he was
pastor, attorney, and editor, and has been in poll- ■
tics somewhat, having represented his county, Dup-
lin, in the State convention of l87o. He is prin-
cipal of the Warsaw High Schoirl and a very useful
man.

Standard, The.— in the year 185:^ the subscrip-
linii list of the Wiilihiniiii nj' l/ic J'laiiics, pub-
lished at Chicago, was purchased from J»ev. Lntlier
Stone by Rev. J. C. liurronghs, then pastor of the
First Baptist church in Chicago. The new paper,
T/{c Christian Tinier, was for some months con-
ducteil by Mr. l!unuiigh-, in assoeiatiun with Hcv.
H. ti. Weston, of I'eoria, and Itev. A. d. Jo.-lyn,
of Elgin. In November, l8.ij,Kev. l.,rroy Church
and l{ev. J. A. Smith beeaiue joint proprietors and
editors of the paper, the proprietary intirest of the
latter, however, being soon transferred to Rev. J.

\\

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STANFORD

lOOO

STA UGllTON

F. Cliild, who was MiococJeJ in the |jiM|)riutor-
ship by Ivlwiird Cioudiiiaii. By .Mi'ssirs. ('liuroh i
(luuilijian the paper eoiitimied to IjO puhlit-hed until
.hiM. 1, 187 'i, wlien tlie interest of Mr. Chiircli was
purchased Ijy l>i'. •!. S. Diekersun, of Boston, wlio
removed toChleaj^o and beeaiiie connected with the
|)aper as joint editor and joint i)roprietor. Upon
Ills death, in Marrii, LSTll, his proprietary intei'est
passed to his widow, Mrs. Kuiina II. hiidierson.
Ilia eldest son, J. .Spencer Dickerson, has since be-
come also a ineinber of tlie lirni, which is now
known as Goodman & Itiekerson.

l)nrinj; the twenty-.sevcn years of its history the
paper has consolidated with itself The llliiini.s linp-
li.sl, published lor S(!veral years at iJloornin^^ton,
ill., by Dr. II. J. Kddy ; The Wilnc.-is, at Indian-
a|)olis, by Kev. iM. (j. Clarke, — at which time its
name was elianj:ed to Tlie Chri.sliaa Times and
Wilncss, — and I'he Michii/aii (Jhrhtian Herald, of
Detroit. j\ t the time of the last-named cons(j|ida-
tion the name was changed to Tlie Slamlaid, the
name by whieli it is now known.

'J'ha tStaiidard is the denominational origan for
Illiinjls, Indiaiui, Miehij;an, Wisconsin, Minnesota,
Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Dakota, and
Wyoming, with a circulation, also, in all the States
and Territories of the Union ; its circulation, in
fact, having become strictly national. It now ranks
second in the nnmlicr of its subscribers and roail-
ers in the list of American Baptist journals. iXiw.
J. A. Smitli, D.D., has been connected with the
payiiM- since IS.'JS either as associate editor or editoi-
in-<'hicf, in wlii.li latter capacity he still serves.

Stanford, John, D.D., was born Oct. 20, 1754,
in \Vandswt)rtli. .'Surrey, England. In early life
the Saviour I'onnd him, and revealed himself to
him. lie united with the Baptist cluneh in Maze-
I'ond, London, lie was ordained, and served the
church at llamiaersmitli for a hw years as pastor.
In 17iS0 he arrived in Norlolk, \'a., but soon after
sailed for New \ ork ; there he opened a seminary,
and he received the )iatronage of many respect-
able families, lie preached for tiie liev. John Gano
and others with such power that his time on Lord's
days was continually occupied in that blessed work.
For one year he was pastor of the l''irst cluircli of
Providence, U. I., to their groat satisfaction. He,
however, felt a peculiar call to preach for nothing,
and to teach for a living. lie returned to New York,
and carried outliis plan for thirty-si.x years.

In 1SI3 he was appointed cha[ilain of the alms-
house and city hos[)ital and of the State prison ;
along witli these institutions he regularly ministered
at the orphan asylum, the penitentiary, lunatic
asylum, debtors' prison, and the house of refuge.
Several of the benevolent institutions of New
York were liirgely indebted to him for tlnir exist-
ence. His inllnence was so great that tin; city

autlnirities and the citizens generally were prompt
in carrying cait his jdans. He was justly regarded
as " one of the nuist ju'actieal and distinguished
philanthropists of nuidcrn times.' He tiled Jan.
14, ls;i4. In ls;i() Union C(dlege, Schenectady,
conferred u|]on him tlu^ ilegree of Doctor (if Di-
vinity.

Stapp, Hon. Milton, ^vas bm^n in Scott Co.,
I\y., iii I7'.K). ID; studied and practised law; was
for a number of years a member of the Indiana
Legislature, and was Speaker of the house, lirst at
Corydon and afterwai'ds at Indianapolis. He was
regarded as the leader of the intennd improvement
system of the State. He was for four years lieu-
tenant-governor, ajid was the lirst fund commis-
sioner. He was for several years internal revenue
collector at Galveston, Texas. He was for a num-
ber of years mayor of .Madl>on, Ind., his home.
He became a meuibia- of the Madison Baptist
ehurch in I.S44, and was an active Christian. He
was for six eonseeutivo years jiresident of the In-
diaULi Baptist Slate Coinerition, and was president
of the board of trustees <il' Franklin College during
several dili'erent years. He was sanguine, and
scarcely ever failed in aeeomplishing what he un-
dertook. '" He did more for his city and county
than any other man who ever lived in it."

He died in Galveston, Texas, in IS70, in his sev-
enty-seventh year, and his remains were brought
to his old home for burial.

Starkville Female Institute, lecated at Stark-

ville. Miss., was founded by Kev. T. G. Sellers, wdio
is principal.

Staughton, Wm., D.D,, one of the tirst of
American preachers and eduealcu's, was born at
Coventry, England, Jan. 4, 1770. At the age of
twelve he wrote poems from Goldsmith's ''Ani-
nuited Nature," which were published, and thought
to indicate great native tah;nt. Having been bap-
tized at the age of seventeen by llov. Samuel
I'earce, of Birmingham, he turned his attention
to the ministry, and took a thorough course of
study at Bristol College, graduating about the year
17'J2. At this time he was called to succeed
Dr. Kyland at Northampton, but feeling di-au'n
towards America, he left Etigland in 1793, and be-
came pastor at Georgetown, S. C, where he re-
mained eighteen months. Becoming dissatisfied
with the Southern climate he Avent North, and be-
came pastor of the church and principal of the
seminary at Hordeutown, N.J. 'I'hiswas followed
by pastorates at Jacobstowii ami Burlington, N. J.,
at which latter place he remained until IStl.''), when
lie became pastor of the First church, I'hiliidelphia,
Pa., a [josition wdiich ho retained until Ihll, when
he resigned to accept the pastorate of a coluny from
the First church, called the .Sansom Street church.
In this latter position he remained with wonderful

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STRARNS

1097

STKARXS

success until VS23, when lie reinoveii to Waslnn;^-
tou to nsMUMie tlir prCMiJeney of (^oluiiiliiiin CollejiC,
to wiiirli li(! had hccii ehictud in ISL'l. Here he
eontiuueil until April 3, ISli'J, when lie resij^nod
his eonneetion with the college, and returned to
IMiiladelpliia. In August of the name year he was
elected presideot ol" (ieorf.'('t(iwn ( '(jlli'iri>, Ky., and
in Octoher .-starti^l lor this new Meld ol' lalior. At
Washinj^toji, 1). C, he was taken eiek, and died
Dee. 12, ISli'J, in the .sixtieth year of his ai;e.

Dr. Stai.fihton was a man ol' wonderful elo-
quence. Durinjf his lonj;; iiiinistry in I'hiladelphia
he was recoj^nized as the leader of his pi-ofession,
and invarialily preached to crowded houses. He
was profoundly interested in education. Before
cuniin;^ to I'hiladelphia he was constantly engai^ed
in teachiuf;, ami while in Philadelphia was princi-
tial of a Baptist theidoj^ical instilutiun for the train-
ing of ministers. It wa.s his custom also to deliver
lectures in select schools on various suhjects, par-
ticularly the suljject of botany, in which he was an
adept. He was the first corresponding secretary
of the ALiierican liaptist ISoanl of Foreign AHs-
sions, and tiirough his whole life gave niucli time
and toil to the missionary cause, lie was also the
father of the Philadelphia IJihle Society, the iirst
feirmle Bihle society in the world. In all this
varied w<irk he e.xhlljited a zeal and industry
which made him the admiration of his linn;. Tra-
ditions ol his chxpiencc and power still linger about
the scenes of his active life, and keep alive the
juemory of his name. (See portrait in Appendix.)

At the early age of twenty-eight he received the
degree of U. b. fr(jni Princeton College. He was
twice married. His first wife, Maria Hanson, died
in January, 1823, and his second wife, Anna C.
Peale, who survived him, in 1878. A memoir of
Dr. Staughton was published by his son-in-law,
Kev. S. W. Lynd, D.D., in 1834.

Stearns, Rev. Harrison William, was born

in Conway, .Mass., in October, 1.S4S; educated at
Brown University, from which he graduated in
1807, and at Newton 'riieological Seminary, from
^vhich he graduated in 1870, and was ordained the
sann; year. He was settled as pastor at IMinneap-
olis, Minn., two years, and at (Jlintou, \Vis., six
years. He has been the pioneer church and Sun-
day-school missionary of the Wisconsin Baptist
State I'onvention two years, and holds the position
now. He has ])lanted a number of churches and
organized Sunday-si-hools in the new settlements
in the iHjrtbcrn portion of the State. He is giving
his liest strength to the mission work of the State.
His ideal of a new church, founded according to
the NcM' Testament model, is lofty and grand. He
delights in this foundation work, and lie is jnc-
eminently litled f(]r it. He is a safe, devoted, and
cunsecratcvl servant of .lesus Clirist.
70

Stearns, Prof. John 'William, son of Rev. 0.

0. Stearns, td' Lodi, \\ is., is a native of Slurliridge,
Mass., where he was born in 18-1(1. In 1852 his
hither removed with his family to Uai.-ine, Wis.,
ami assunu'il the pastorate of the Baptist church
in that pi. ice. Ilcrc^ young .Stcaiiis was litted for
(•(diege at the Karinc High Siliool. in bS'.l he
ent(;red the Kreshmau class at Harvanl University,
Mass., h-om wdiich ho was graduateil in bStiO.
In iSOf) he received the appointment of Professor
of Latin in the University of Ohicago. In 1874,
having been tendered the [losition of director of
the National Nornnd School at Tueuman, in the
.\rgenline Uepublie, he resigned his professorship
in the University of (Chicago to accejit oilc in the
National Norm.il School in tin' ,\rgcntine Kcpublic.
Keturning in 1878, alter having spi'iit some months
in Euro|)e, he was elected, in ^Vugust of the same
year, president (d' the State N(unial College at;
Whitewater, Wis., the oldest and most important
of her four mirmal colleges.

Prof. Stearns published in the A'o/'/A American
AViv'fH' for July, 18li(l, " Homer and his Heroines;"
in the ('liri.iHnn Ji'iriciv for IStJl, "Tln^ .Miltonic
Deity ;" and in the Jla/i/idl (^iinrhi-li/, •' The Em-
peror Marcus Aurelins."

Prof. .Stearns is a fine specimen of tliorough
scholarship and noble characti'r. His rise to emi-
nence is the result of hard study in his early youth,
laying a thorough founihition for the future struc-
ture, and subse((neiit intense study and application.
He is ;>3sthetic in his tastes, retiued" in his ideas,
and profoundly consecrated to his profession. At
the age of forty years he has succeeded in taking a
|)lace in the front rank ol .\mcrican educators.

Stearns, EeV. Myron N., was an earnest, able,
and eviingelical missionary, pastm-, and pieacher
in Oregon. He was biirii at Moukton, Vt., Jan. 1,
1812, and was baptized at the age of seventeen in
Esse.x, N. Y. Having a great desire to preach the
gospel, ho obtained a good education at Brown
University and at Denison, O. He served for
some years successively the churches at London-
ville, 0., Jericho, Vt., and Plattsburg, N. Y. lu
l8o4 he accepted a call to the Table llock church,
Oregon, where he was pastor four years. In l8o8
ho acc<'pted the positlcui of principal of the Rose-
Ijurg Academy. Two years later he settled U|ion
a farm in (n'<ler to snp|iort his family, preaching
nearly every Loril's day to the )joor in the desti-
tute regions of the State. In 1804 he settled at
Oregon City, and gave himsi If wholly to the work
of a missionary evang(dist until, in 1807, he re-
moved to Santa Clara, Cal., and was pastor of the
church in that city until his death, Dec. '29, 1808.

Stearns, Oaknian S., D.D., a son of Rev. Silas
Stearns, was born in Bath, Me., in 1818, and grailu-
atcd at Watcrvilio CoIIcljc in the class of 1840, and

V.I.'.VVv,

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STFAn^\'i

JDVS

STEARyS

at Nowtoii III tlio class of 1841). Uu was instnu'tcu'
in Ilubri'w at Newton uiio year, IS^Ti— 17. Hi.s
ortliiiatioii luiik place .May l',>, 1817, am) lie hccaiiie
pastor oC the Baptist cluircli in ISoullibi-iilne, Mass.
Tlie relation eoiitiiuied lor seven years. For one
year lie was |iastiir in Newark, N,il., anil tlien be-
came pastor of tlii^ eliuiili at Newton Cinlre, wlien-
lie reiiiaiiieil tliirteiai years. In 1!s<kS be was ap-
poiiiteil Professor ol' Old 'I'estaiiuMit Interpretation,
wliieli position be now holds.

The doi;ree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred
on Dr. .Stiuirns in lS('i3 by (Jolby University, of
which he is a trustee.

Prof. Stearns has euiinenf qnalilieations for the
position he occupies, and enjoys the grateful love
of the students, to whom his instructions have
been of priceless value.

Stearns, Rev. Orrin Orlando, is a native of

MoiikloH, Ad. lis Ml Co., \'t., where he was born in
February, 18IU. His childhood was .spent in and
near the place of his birth. lie entered ISrowii Uni-
versity in 1833, and <;raduatcd in the class of 1837.
llaviiii;, soon after liis conversion, felt it his duty to
preach the .L!;os|ieI, he devoted himself to the work
of tlie Christian ministry. Soon after j^raihiating
at 15rown University he received an invitation to
the [lastorate of the Baptist church at Stiirbridge,
Mass., and was ordained by that church vSept. 2s,
1837. lie held pastorates in New England at
Sturbridgo, JIass., and at Hancock, DeerCeld,
Slilford, Manchester, N. II., and at Thoinaston, Me.
In these pastorates his luinistry was very nuieh
blessed, the churches were strengthened and built
up in doctrine and practice, and numerous addi-
tions were made to the membership. Mr. Stearns's
ministry in New Fiigland was, however, several
times interrupted by ill health, rc(piiring him to
abandon temporarily the work of preaching. lie
employed these intervals cliietly in teaching. He
was princi|ial of the Hancock Literary and Sci-
entific Institution two years, and of the Rock-
ingham Academy at Hampton Falls two years.
While principal of the Hancock Academy he also
served the Baptist church in llancocdc as pastor.
In 18.)4, having received an invitation to the pas-
torate of the Baptist church in Itacinc, Wis., he
rejnoved to that State. This pastonite continued
four years. In 1808 he beenme the pastor of the
Baptist church in Winona, Jlinn. At the end of
three years, owing to the failure of his health, he
retired to his farm iii'ar Lodi, Dane Co., AVis.,
w hieli liar* .since been his home. His health having
improved, in 18(53 he became the pastor of the
Baptist church in Lodi, and remained in that re-
lation ten years, when he retirc<l from II. '■ active
duties of the ministry, having devoted ihuty-six
years to pastoral work.

Mr. Stearns has always. taken a deeji interest in

the work of education. During his pastorate in
Uaciiie he was superintendent of schools, and has
acted in the same position in Dane County, his
]ircsent place of residence. One of his sons, I'rof
J. W. Stearns, is presiilciit of the Normal College
at Whitewater, Wis., and another of his sons, C.
M. Stearns, is a )irofes,sor in the University of
Chiitago.

He is thoroughlv educated, and has matle exten-
sive acipiirements in the knowledge id' Uod's Word.
Although the full results of his ministry cannot be
known here, enough fruit apjieared in connection
with his work to attest his eminent usefulness as a
faithful servant of (Jod, destined to be crowned
with honor in the day of his Lord's appearing.

Stearns, Shubal, was born in Boston, Mass.,
Jan. 28, 1700. He was the son of Shubal Stearns
and Itebecca Larriford. About 1745, Mr. Stearns
joined the New Lights, as the converted Congre-
gational communities that originated from the min-
istry of George "W'hitelield in New England were
designated. Calli'd of (Jod to proclaim the un-
searchable of Christ, he speedily became a minister
among tlie pious New Lights, and exercised his
gilts iimong them until ]7r)l. At this time, like
many of Ids brethren, he was constrained liy read-
ing the Scriptures to accept believer's immersion as
the baptism of the New Testament; and after re-
ceiving this conviction, as the Saviour alone was
his Jlaster, he came out boldly as a Baptist. He
was immersed on a profession id' his faith, in Tol-
land, Conn., by Rev. Wait I'almer, in 1751, and on
May 2(Jtli of that year he was ordained to the
Bajitist ministry by Mr. Palmer and Rev. Josliua
Rlorse.

3Ir. Steavna received an impression, as he thought
from God, tlmt there was a great work for hjni to
do outside of New England, and he obeyed what
was undoubtedly n divine call, and started in 1754
for his expected field of labor. He hiul no definite
section to which he directed his steps, but expecting
divine guidance, he wtis constantly looking out for
providential openings, lie stopped lor a time at
Opeekon Creek, Va., where tliere was a church
under the pastoral care of Rev. S. Ileton. Mr.
Stearns rested for a short time at Cacapon, near
Winchester, but anticipating greater success in liis
ministry than he enjoyed in that place, he renuived,
with his relatives, to Sandy Creek, N. C. There,
as soon as he arrived, he constituted a Baptist
church of sixteen persons, " .'>liiilial Stearns and
wife, Peter Stearns and w ife, Fbcnrzci' Stiarnsnnd
wife, Shubal Stearns, .Ir., and wifi;, Daniel .Miir-
shall and wife, Joseph I'reed and wife, Kiios Stimp-
son and wife, and Jnnathan Polk and wife" being
its Constituent mcuiibers. Shubal .Stearns was
elected |jastor of the infant ehundi. Tiiesc dcvoteil
servants of (iod immediately built a mceting-liousQ

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STKAIi^yS

WJO

ST K A HNS

for public worsliip. Dirniol Marshall and Joseph
Breuil wero appoiiitod to assist tlio pastor in his
iiiiiiistorial duties.

]ii the ren'ioii arouiid Sandy (.'reek the people
knew notliin^ of ihe ( 'liristian rolji;ioii except what
tliey had learned from Episcopal clergymen, who
in that section, at.tliat time, \ver(' uneoiiveiled men,
and their irreli;;ii)us darkness was dense. The ni'W
heart to them was an unknown mystery, and paltry
and commonly unpractised duties, instead of tiie
.Savi(nir's sull'ei'inj^s, were the only known means
of salvation. The instructions of Mr. Stearns and
the godly lives of the cliurch members were an
astonisiiing revelatioii to their neighbors. Soon
soniG of them were called by the vSpirit into the
liberty of tiie gospel, and their experience Klled
tiieir acipmintanees with even greater wonder. ^V
mighty outpouring of the Holy Spirit fell n]ion the
truth ]iroclainu'd by the pastor and the licensed
preachers of Sandy Creek church, and as a result
throngs of converts surrounded the gospel banner,
and mission communities were organized far and
near. The parent Ijody in a few years had OOli
meiidicu's. and in seventeen years from its oi-igin it
had brandies southward as far as IJeorgia, east-
ward to the sea and the Chesapeake Bay, and
northward to tin; waters of the I'otomac. It had
become the mother, grandmother, and great-grand-
mother of forty-two churches, from which l:i5 min-
isters were sent out as licentiates or (U-dained cler-
gymen. And in after-years the power that God
gave Slnibal Stearns and his Sandy (Jreek chureli
in its early years swt'pt over Virginia, Ncn-th C!ar-
plina, Georgia, and South Carolina with resistless
force, and brought immense throngs to Christ, and
established multitudes of Baptist churches. 'I'here
are to-day probaljly tliousands of churehes that
arose from the eti'orts of Sliubal Stearns and the
church of Sandy Creek.

Mr. Stearns traveled extensively in his own re-
gion, preaohiijg Jesus, organi/,ing churches, and
giving counsel to the new communities whiidi were
formed. .\nd his lahiu's in every deparl ment of
his work were rennirkably blessed. 'I'hrough hiiii,
in 1758, three years after the Sandy Crei;k church
was Ibrmed, the Sandy Creek Association was or-
ganized. For twelve years all the Separate 15aptist
churches in Virginia and the Carolinas were nu'in-
bers of this body. All who were aide traveled
from its-remote extremities to attend its aiuiual
meetings, which were conducted with great har-
mony, and alfonled such edification as induced them
to undertake with cheerfulness long and laborious
journi'ys. By means of these meetings the gospel
was carried into noiny new places where the fimr
of the Baptists had previously spread. .\s :jir.,i
multitudes att<;nded from distant places, chielly
througli curiosity, many of them were charnu'il

with the piety and zeal of this extraordirmry peo-
l)le, and pelitioiu^d the Association to send preach-
ers into their neighborhoods. In these Associational
meetings Sliubal Stearns exerted all immense iii-
llucnce. Other men among the Se|iarate Ihiptists
were cons]acuous for their ability and usefului-ss,
but in the entire body In the several Statc:s Mr.
Slearns wielded a founder's authority. I'ilder .fames
Bead, in speaking of the first meeting, says, " The
great power of God was among us, the ineacliing
every day seemed to be attemh'd with God's bless-
ing. ^Ve earrieil on our .Associatiuii with sweet
decorum and I'ellowship to the end. 'i'lieii we took
leave of one another with many solemn charges
from our reverend old Jiil/icr, S/iidnil Steams, to
stand liist until the end." 'I'his Association con-
ducted its annual meetings without a moderator
for several years after it was formed, which shows
the extraordinary modesty of iMr. Stearns ; its liar-
niony, when we remember that its members and
ministers were nearly all new converts without ex-
perience, proclaims the great jiower jiossessed by
Mr. Steams in its deliberations.

The founder of Sandy Creek church "was ol'
small stature, had a very expressive and |ienetrating
eye, and a voice singularly harmonious; Ids I'lie-
niies, it is said, wero sometimes captivated by his
musical voice. Many things are related of the en-
chanting sound of his voice, and the glance of his
eyes, which had a meaning in every movement."
" He managed his voice in such a way as to make
Soft impressions upon the heart and bring tears
IVom the eyes, and anon to shake the very nerves
and throw the physical system into tumults and
|ierturbations. All the Scjiarate Baiitists copied
after him in tones of voice and actions of body."
" When the fame of the preaching of Mr. Stearns
reached the Yadkin, where 1 lived," says Mr. 'I'id-
ance Lani', '• 1 had a curiosity to go and hear him.
Upon my arrival I saw a venerable old man sitting
under a peach-tree with a book in his hand and the
people gathering about him. He lixed his eyes
upon me immediate!}', which made me feel in such
a manner as I never had lelt before. I turnei| to
quit the place, but could not proceed far; I walked
about, sometimes catching his eyes as I walked.
My uneasiness increased and becjime intiderable.
I went up to liini thinking that a salutation and
shaking hands would relieve me, but it ha|ipened
otherwise. I began to think that he had an evil
eye, and ought to be shunned, but shunning liiin 1
could no more efieet than a bird can shun the rat-
tlesnake when it lixi's its eyes upon it. When he
began to preach my |iertnrbations increased, so
that nature could no hjiiger sup)iort them, and I
sank to theground." .Mr. I. aiie afterwards became
a very useful Baptist minister.

It is related on tiie best authority that " Elua-

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'.Ill • I

STEARNS

lino

STh:ELh:

tliiin Davis liiid lioiud tliiit oiio Jolm Steward was
tube |ja]iliziHl by Mr. Stfariis (ju a paiticiibu' day,
and, as .Steward was a lari;i; man and .Stcai'tis oi
uiiiall statiiio, be coiiebided Ibat tluii'e wmibl be
some diversion, if not drowning. Therefore be
gatliered about eigbt or ten of Ids companions in
wickedness and went to the sjiot. When Mr.
Stearns be^^an to [ireacii KInathan drew near to
hear luin, while his eom|ianions kept at a distance.
lie was no sooner anionj; the crowd than hi' per-
ceived that some of the people began to treiable as
if in a lit uf the aj;ne. lie felt and examined, to
see if it was not a pretense. Meanwhile one man
leaned on his shoulder, weepiinj;' bitterly. Elrni-
tlian, perceiving that he bad wet his new white
coat, pushed him off, and ran to his companions,
who were sitting on a log away from the congre-
gation, to one of wliom, in answer todus inipiiry,
he said, 'There is a trembling and crying spirit
among them, but whether it be the Spirit of liod
or the devil, I do not know. If it bo the devil, the
devil go with them, for I will never nioi-e venture
mysell' among them I' lie stood awhile in that
resolution, but the enchantment of Jlr. Stearns's
voice drew hini to the crowd once more, lie had
not been long there before the trembling sciz.ed
him also, lie attempted to withdraw, but his
strength failing, and his understanding being con-
founded, be, with many otliers, sank to the ground.
^V'hen he came to himself he found nothing in liini
but dread and anxiety, bordering on horror, lie
continued in this situation some days, and then
found relief \>y faith in Christ." »Mr. Davis after-
wards became a successful njiiustcr of Jesus. We
mention these two well-known cases as illustrations
of the extraordinary power attending the preaching
of Shuhal Stearns.

That he li;id a rennirkablo voice and eye is un-
questioinible ; but he was eloquent, wise, humble,
jiathetic, full of faith, and wholly consecrated to
(iod, and few men ever enjoyed moi-c ol' the
Spirit's presence in the closet and in ])reaehing the
gospel. IIi; was undoubtedly one of the greatest
ministers that ever presented Jesus to perishing
multitudes, and one of the most successful soul-
winners that ever unfurled the banner of Calvary.
Had he been a Uomish priest, with as flattering a
record of service to the church of the jiopes, long
since he would have been canonize<l, and declared
the "patron saint" of North Carolina, and fervent
supplications would have ascended to the most
blessed of American intercessors I'rom devout Cath-
olics, and stately churches would have been dedi-
cated to the holy and blessed St. Shubal Stearns,
the ajiostle of North Carolina ami the adjacent
States.

Mr. Stearns died Nov. 20, 1771, and his remains
were interred near the Sandy Creek church.

Stearns, Rev, Silas, was bom in AValtham,
Mass., July UO, I7.SI. In the year 1804 lie was
baptized by Kev. Dr. Stillman, of IJoston, and,
impelled by the warmth of his newly-found love
for the Saviour, he longed to preach the gospel
and win souls to Christ. lie sjiared no pains in
faithful preparation for the ministry, devoting
such spare time as lie could secure for several
years to earnest study, until, in the judgment of
his friends, he was deemed to have made sufficient
jirogress to justify bis rei'civing a regular license
from the church in North Yaiininitli, Me., tu do
the work of an evangelist. Having done good ser-
vice for his Master in Freeport, Me., he removed to
Uath, then a pleasant town on the Kennebec liiver,
and there gathered a small Baptist church, which
was recognized Oct. 30, 1810. For over thirtj' years
he preached to the church in Hath, and was hon-
ored and loved for his great sincerity and un-
Avearied devotion to his work. It can with truth
be said of him, he was a good man and full of the
Holy Ghost and of faitii.

Steele, Miss Anna, was the daughter of a Bap-
tist ministei- ol' liroughtoii, Fngland. In early life
she learneil to cultivate the iioetical taste with
which her Creator had endowed her, and she suc-
ceeded so well tliat some of her hymns have been
regarded by competent judges as equal to the
sacred songs of Charles A\'esley or Augustus Top-
lady ; and of her psalms it has been said that ''in
litcralness, smoothness, and evangelical power they
may almost compare with those of Dr. Watts."

The first lines of some of her hymns will be rec-
ognized by almost every Christian who speaks the
English language, — " The Saviour ! oh what end-
less charms," '" Come, weary souls, with sins dis-
tressed," "Jesus, the spring of joys divine,"
'■ Father of mercies, in thy word," " He lives, the
great Jtedeemer lives," "The Sa\iour calls, let
every ear," "Jesus, in thy transporting name,"
" Couieye thatlove the .Saviour's name," " Stretched
on the cross, the Saviour dies," '" Wiiile my Re-
deemer's near," " Ilow oft, alas 1 this wretched
heart," "Ye glittering toys of earth, adieu !"

While her productions were chielly devotional,
she composed other jioeins of great beauty. Jliss
Steele possessed talents of a high order, and has
wielded over the hearts of Christians a vast inliii-
ence for more than a century ; and such are the
beauty and sweetness of her sacred songs that they
will guide the thoughts and alTcctioiis of Christians
while the Anglo-Saxon tongue is spoken by mor-
tals. She died about 177'.'. Two volumes of her
poetry were publislied during lier life, and a third
soon after her death.

Steele, Rev. D. A., A.M., was burn in Here-
fordshire, Kngland, in 1838 ; converted and bap-
tized in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1807 ; is a grad-

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I

STKNNETT

1101

STKNNETT

uato of Aoiulia Coll<\i;o; (inlaiufd June 20, ISIi.O,
ill Wolfvillo, Nova Scotiii; pastof lit Oiiuso, l.S()5-
G7 : Ijocaino, in 1807, i)aftur of the ISaptist cliui-uli
of Aiiiliuvst, Kova iScdiia, wlicro lie coiitiuucH to
luinibtor witii aliility auJ success.

Stennett, Rev, Joseph, was liorn at Abin-itlon,

County of Hri'ks, Knj^land, in lljli.'i. His liitlu'r,
IMwanl Sti'iinctt, was a (•Ici-^yiuaii of foiiu! ili.s-
tiiictiuii and nf conslilurablc siill'crin^ during tlio
I'arliainentary war. With tlie blessin;^ of God
uiiOn the |)riiyers and efforts of his pious parents,
.Iose|.ili Steiinott was born a^aiii in very early
life.

After finishini; the ordinary branches of his edu-
cation lie mastered the French and Italian lan-
guage.?, acquired a thorough knowledge of Hebrew
and other Oriental tongues, and successfully studied
philosophy an 1 the liberal sciences.

He came to jAJiidiin in ItiSG, and on the 4tli of
March. \0\)i), he was ordained pastor of the
Seventh-Day Ba|itist cliureh, meeting iu Pinner's
Hall. He jireachod on Sunday to other liaptist
churches, but he veniained the faithful pastor of
the Pinner's Hall ehnrcli till his ileatli. His ))ol-
islied manners, ready address, fine intellect, and
extensive learning speedily gave him a high posi-
tion among the Baptists, and, a little later, in other
denominations. -Vt the reijuest of the liaptists he
drew up and presented an address to William III.
on his deliverance from tlu' " Assassination Plot."
This document was.highly commended. When he
published his thanksgiving sermon for the victory
at Hoohstcdtj in 1704, a nobleman, without his
knowledge, presented a copy of it to the (pieen
(Anne), with which her majesty was so pleased
that she sent a gift to the eloquent and patriotic
minister. He composed bi'autifiil hymns, which
are still used in the churches, whicli drew forth
commendations from Mr. Tate, the poet laureate.
His version of the " Songs of Solomon," and his
hymns, secured such a reputation for him as a poet
and Hebrew scliDlar that he received an applica-
tion to revise the English versicn of the Psalms of
David. Dr. Sharp, archbishop of York, sjieaking
of this proposition, declared that " ho had heard
such a character of Mr. Stennett, not only for his
skill in }ioetry, Init likewise in the Hebrew tongue,
that he thought no man more tit for that work than
he." In 1702, when David Russen assailed the
Ha^jtists in his book " Fundamentals AVithout a
Foundation, or a 'I'ruo I'ieture of the Anaba[itists,"
Mr. Stennett wiiM invited to refute the work ; and
he accomiili-hed the task with so much learning,
such solid reasoning, and such an utter rout of all
the forces of Mr. Kussen, that he was satl-<lled
never again to meddle with the l?a|)list- The
reputation he acquired by quieting David Uu>.en
prompted Ids friends to secure his services to write

a complete history of liaptism. He intended to
comply with Ibis service if his life sliuuld bo
spareil, and for some years he collected materials
for it, but he was unable to carry out his design.

He was oll'ia-ed prcderment in the Episcopal
('hureli, and there is reason to believe that he
could have reached an exalti:d position in it, but
the conscience of iMr. Stennett was not for sale,
though all the wi:alth of earth liad been oll'eied for
it. He died July 11, 1713. His works, in four
octavo volumes, were |mblished in 17.')2, and a
fifth, containing his reply to Mr. Russcn, was do-
signed to follow.

Stennett, Joseph, D.L., was bom in London,
Nov. 0, |IJ'J2. His educational advantages, of
which lie made the best use, were of the highest
order. At (iftcen he gave himself to the Saviour,
and lie was baptized. At twenty-two he entered
u|ioii the <Jliristian ministry ; twenty-three years
afterwards he came to London as |iastor of the
church in Little Wild Street. Dr. Gill preached
one of the two serinona <lelivered on the occasion
of his settlement in London. At that time lie was
in possession of s|ileiidid jiowers, matured bv a
wide range of experience, and by information from
all ages ami regions. He was among the most
eloquent preachers of the day, and soon his talents
were recognized all over the metroiiolis of Britain,
lie was on agreeable terms with Dr. Gibson, bishop
of London, a true fidlower of Jesus. Ho was per-
sonally knoNvn to King George II., who cherished
a warm regard for him. He was an elotiueut de-
fender of the doctrines of grace against Socinian-
ism. On behalf of the Dissenting ministers of the
'' Three denominations in London (Congregational,
Baptist, and Presbyterian), on Oct. 3, 1745, Mr.
Stennett |u'esented an address to the king, con-
gratulating his majesty on his return to England,
on the triumph of his arms in America, and on his
successes on the continent of Europe." 'The ad-
dress also deprecated " the present unnatural and
rebellious attempt to impose upon these kingdoms
a papist (Charles Jvlward) and an abjured Pre-
tender."

The University of I'ldinbnrgh, in 1754, created
iiiin Doctor of Divinity on ihe '•recommendation
(d' his royal highness the Duke of ('uiuberland,
their chancellor," who sent Mr. Stennett the
diploma by his secretary.

Dr. St(!imctt died Feb. 7, 1758, in the sixty-sixth
year of his age. His fnn<'ral sermon was ]ireaclied
by Dr. Gill, and in it he slated that "his death
was a jiublic lo.-s, |iarlieularly to the wlude dis-
senting interest." l)r. Sleimett was a Seventh-
Day Baptist, though pastor of a regular liaptist
church. He was the author of c-i^lit small works.

Stennett, Samuel, D.D., was born in Exeter in
1727, and converted and bapti/.ed wdion young.

I 11

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I .-li

STEPHENS

1102

STEVENS

Like his fatlicr, lio was a man of superior tulonts
ami of great uruditiou. Iviniey says, •' His |iro-
iiciency in Greek, Latin, ami tlie Oriental tongues,
and liis extensive aei|uaintaneo witli sacred litera-
turo, are so abundantly dis|ilayed in liis valiialjle
works tliat tliey i;aniH)t fail to estalilislj liis i-t^pnta-
tion f<ir learning and genius.' Me had been aeeiis-
tonu^l to move in the soeiety of [lersons ol' reline-
ment, and, on entering upon Ins pastoral duties in
London, lie was reinarkajde for tlie ease and suavity
of ids manners, for tlic good breeding, the pol-
islu;d lauguage,,and the graecful ways of the true
gentleman. He was frequently in eonipany with
persons enjoying the higiiest social distinetion, and
in sueh situations as gave him an o|iportunity to
commend Baptists and aid Dissenters of all denom-
inations. In 17fi3 he was made a Doctor of Divin-
ity by King's Uolloge, Aberdeen. Among tlio noble
men who waited upon his ministry and loved him
witli the all'ection of a friend was J (dm Ifowanl, the
plulanthropist. In a letter from Smyrna, written
to Dr. Stennott Aug. 11, 17!SG, Mr. Howard says,
"I bless God for your ministry; I pray God to re-
ward you a thousandfold. My friend, you have an
honorable work ; many seals you have to your
ministry.''

The meeting-house was rebuilt during the min-
istry of Dr. Stcnnett. He fell asleep in Jesus Aug.
24, 1795, in the sixty-eighth year of his ago. He
ministered to the Little Wild .Street church, as as-
sistant and successor to his father, for forty-seven
years. His father, Joseph JStennett, D.D., Ids
grandfather, Joseph IStennett, his great-grand-
father, Edward Stcnnett, his brother, Joseph Stcn-
nett, and his son, Joseph Stennett, were all Baptist
ministers.

Most of tlie works of Dr. Samuel Stennett were
reprinted, in 1784, in three octavo volumes. In
1772 he published a work entitled " Bcmarks on
the Christian Minister's Ileasons for Administering
Baptism by Sjirinkling." This was a duodecimo
of 170 pages, lu 1775 he issued a volume of 300
pages, called "An Answer to the Christian Minis-
ter's Reasons for Ba[)lii'.iiig Infants." He was also
the author of two productions treating of appeals
to Parliament by Protestant Dissenters for relief
from persecuting enactments ; these are not found
in his cidlectcd works.

Stephens College is located at Columbia, Mo.,
and has for years ranked among the first ladies'
schools of the State. Prof. II. P. Kider is the
principal.

The literary course is divided into seven distinct
schools. Its students are admitted to lectures in
the State University. Teachers of ability and ex-
perience are employed. In 1880 it had 14 teachers
and 170 students.

Stephens, James L., was born in Garrard Co.,

Ivy., Nov. 17, 1815. His father was of English de-
scent and his mother of Scotch. His I'atlier re-
moved to Missouri in 181'J, and located in Boone
Coiiiity. He was a iiuiii of culture, with a line
library. His son, .lanu's L., was a clerk, in 1830,
ill a store in Columbia, where he has resided ev(;r
since, except for a short time. J. \i. StcplnMis has
been a leading man in Central Missouri in busi-
ness, educational, and religious interests. He was
active in securing the location of the State Univer-
sity at Columbia, and his liberal donation caused
Stephens College, of Columbia, to be named after
him. He also contributed generously to William
Jewell College, at Liberty. He was nominated for
governor ol' ]\Iissouri, and made an honorable
canvass.

lie married Amelia Ilockaday, daughter of Judge
J. 0. Hockadiiy, of Fulton, Mo. i\Ir. Stephens and
his family are members of the Baptist ('hurch.aiid
to religious anil educational interests he gives much
of his time.

Steiry, Rev. John, son of Roger and Abby
(Holmes) Sterry, was born in Providence, R. 1., in
1760.' His father was an Englishman, but his
mother was from Stonington, Conn. Related to
Gov. Fenner, he had good educational advantages,
and studied lor a time in Brown University. He and
Ids brother. Consider Sterry, were eminent niathe-
matieians, and |iublished a volume on mathematics,
at which time John learned the printer's trade.
Near 1790 he removed to Norwich, Conn., where
ho estaldished himself as a printer, book-binder,
bookseller, paper-maker, author, and publisher.
On his conversion, after settling in Norwich, he
became a Baptist, and in 1800 founded the First
Baptist church in that city, of which ho was or-
dained the pastor Dec. 25,, 1800. Under his min-
istry were revivals of power in 1816, 1817, and
1819. He was the joint author with his brother of
two mathematical works, " The American Youths'
Arithmetic and Algebra," and " Arithmetic for the
Use of Schools in the United States," favorably
noticed in England. He assisted Mr. Nathan Da-
boll in his almanacs, and Rev. William Northup
in preparing his hymn-book. He invented the art
of marbling paiier, and an improved method of
bleaching cottons, that was adopted in Rhode
Island. He was the chief party in editing and pub-
lishing The True Repuhlicaii, a paper that was
strongly llepubliean in doctrine, and did service in
securing the full recognition of religious liberty in
the constitution of Conneetiiait. Mr. Sterry was a
strong thinker, able writer, logical preacher, de-
voted Christian, and faithlul advocate of all the
interests of the people. In his day he was an cili-
eient toiler and wise leader. He died in Norwich,
Nov. 5, 1823, in his iifty-seventh year.

Stevens, Rev. Adoniram Judson, was born at

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snjvj'JNS

1103

,V77v'l'AW,S'

Gaspereaux, Nova Scotia, Deo. 2G, 1848. lie was
coiiverteJ and bapti/.ed in Wolfvillc, Nova Scotia.
lie was a j^radiiatc from Acadia College in Jnne,
1873 ;j studied theology at Newton ; was ordained
at Kentville, Nova Scotia, in 1873; became pastor
of the Bajitist cluirch, Fredericton, New Brnns-
wick, in 1878, whence ho cxclianged a ii>eriil and
ha|)|iy pastorate for higher and unwearying service
in Ihe npper sanctuary, JMarch 15, 18S0.

Stevens, Rev. Carlos W., was horn in Snn-
liury, Liberty Co., Oa., Sept. 30, 1823. His parents,
Oliver and Eliza S. Stevens, were inoiiibers of the
liaptist Churcii, and were distinguished for their
many Christian virtues. From early childhood
tlie fruits of his Christian training were man i tested
in Carlos's exemplary deportnuuit at home and
among his sclioolmates. 'rrnthfnlness arid consci-
entiousness in the discliarge of livery duty were
as distinctive characteristics of his youthful days
as of his manhood in all the varied relations of
life. About the fourteenth year of his age lie ex-
perienced converting grace, and his whole subse-
quent life was an illustration of vital godliness.
He was prepared for college at the AV^asthourville
Academy, and entered Franklin College, where he
remained two years, and finished his ccuirse prepara-
tory I'or the ministry at Mercer University.

Tlie greater portion of liis life was spent in
preaching the gospel and teaching, in each of which
vocations he met with commendable success. As
a teacher, his discipline was mild, yet decisive ; as a
pastor, ho was indeed the good sheiiherd, ami he
secured the love and admiration of all with whom
hi! associated, and hy whom even now his memory
is cherished with peculiar tenderness. Charity in
its broadest significance, that of love for all, was
the crowning glory of his life. In the midst of his
usefulness, and in the vigor of his manhood, after
a short illness, he died, at Sparta, Oa., Oct. 31,
18filJ.

Stevens, E. A., D.D., was born in Liberty Co.,
Ga., Jan. 23, 1814. He was a graduate of T5rown
University and of the Newton Theological Institu-
tion. His appointment to the fm-eign mission field
bears the date of June 27, 1836. His ordiiuitiun
took place at Ruckevville, Ga., May G, 1837, and he
sailed the 2Sth of the October following from IJos-
ton for the East, arriving at Jlaulmain Feb. 19,
LS3S. AVhile studying the language he preached
for a while to the English congregation in Maul-
main. The theological school for native assistants
was placed under his charge, and was reopened on
the 4th of March, 183'J, and continued in active
ojieration until August, 1841, when it was sus-
pended for want (jf funds to oaiTy it on, but it was
reopened in the summer of 1844. Dr. Sn'Ncns
■edited the Reliijlous Herald for several years, be-
sides attending to all' his other duties as iiastor,

preacher, and teacher. The pastorate of the Bur-
nuin church was transferred, in 1851, to Dr. Wade,
thus allowing Dr. Stevens to devote himself more
closely to the completion of the Burmese dictionary,
which was left unfinished by Dr. Judson. In 1854,
Dr. Stevens returned to his native land, lie had
been transferred to the llangoon, Burman, mission
]uevi(>ns to his ileparlure, and on bis return to
liurmali, early in 1.S57, he conimeiji'cd again his
labors. A brick chapel was com|ilet('(l .and dedi-
cated Oct. 30, 1859. Year after year Dr. Stevens
]n-osecuted his work with untiring industry and
zeal, and was rewarded by seeing the abundant
success of his labors. In tin; early part of 1867
he had the pleasure of welcoming his son, llev. E.
0. Stevens, and wife to be his helfiers. In 1875
he once more returned to this country to recuperate,
bis health, remaining here until the fall of 1877.
lie arrived in Rangoon Dec. 27, 1^77, and once
more resumed the busy life he has always led in
Burmali.
Stevens, Rev. George Dana Boardman, the

pastor of the Baptist church in Bloomington, Wis.,
is a native of South Paris, Me., where he was born
S^pt. 5, 1838. He obtained a hope in (!hrist at the
age of twenty, and united with the Baptist Church.
Ho grailinited from Colby University in the class
of 1803. In Jaiuiary, 1868, he came to Richland
Centre, Wis., and engaged in teacliing as the prin-
cipal of tlie public school in that place. He was
made superintendent of public instruction for Rich-
land County, which position he held for several
years. It was through his earnest efforts that the
Baptist church — the first Baptist organization in
the county — was organized in Uichland Centre, and
its meeting-house built. Having strong convictions
that it was his duty to preach the gospel, he aban-
doned teaching and was ordained to the work of
the Christian ministry by the Riehltind Centre
Baptist church, April 6, 1871, and at once became
the pastor of the church. Dr. Wm. II. Brisbane
was moderator of the council, and Rev. Joel W.
Fish ])reached the sermon. He renuuncd pastor at
Richland Centre four years, building up the church
and doing an immense amount of pioneer work in
the county and surroundingcounties. lie has been
for six years the useful and highly esteemed pastor
of the Ba]itist church in Bloomington, Wis.

Stevens, John, D.D., for nearly half a century
identified with the leading educational and mis-
sionary movements among the Baptists of Ohio,
was born in Townsend, Mass., June 6, 1798. At
the age of seventeen he was taken by his fatlrer,
Solomon Stevens, a num of the Nvw England type,
intelligent and strong, to Middlebury, Vt., where,
in 1817, he entered college, and graduated in 1821.
After a year of teaching as principal of the IMont-
pelier Academy, though not then a professing'

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STEVENS

1104

STEVENS

Christian, he entered Andovcr Theolof^ical Semi-
nary, where lie greatly enjoyed the instruction of
RIo.ses Stuart, lie liad been reared a ('uiifjr-ega-
tionaiist, but beini; eunviueed ul' the trutli ul' ISap-

JOUN STEVENS, V.V.

tist doetrines while yet in the seminary, in 1823,
he was Ijajitized' by Dr. Lucius liolies at Salem,
Mass. Ill ]S'S>, at the urgent solicitation of Pres-
ident IJates, he liroke oU' his tlieoU)gieal studies, in
which, by e.xtrenie assiduitj'i lie liad injured his
health, and became classical tutor in Middlcbiiry
College, where he taught with great success lor
three years. For another three years he was clas-
sical tutor in the aradeiiiy at South Reading (now
Waketield), Mass. This [lositiun he resigned to go
to Ohio.

His lirst service in Ohio was rendered as editor
of the Baplisl Wueldij Jaiinial, a new religious
news|ia|ier for the Mississip|ii Valley, established
in 1831. He continued in this |)osition seven years,
and dill a generally successful work in the midst
of miuli dilliculty and opposition, — the Oliio liap-
tists of that day niimliering less than 10,000, and
a large proportion of them being opposed to Sun-
ilay-scliools, missions, and an educated ministry.
Ill 182S he became Professor of Moral and Intel-
lectual Philosophy in Oranville College. Dr. Going
was at that time president of the college, hut as he
was expected to give his time to tlieulogical instruc-
tion and jiublic efforts, the main duties of the pres-
idency fell on Prof. Stevens. jNIuch of the early
success of the college is therefore due to him. In
1843 he was engaged liy the American Bajitist

Missionary Union to be its district secretary for
Ohio and Indiana, and for the following twelve
years he ciintiiiued in this work, raising the collec-
tions for foreign missions lidin an annual average
of $'M\-2 to nearly SriOOO.

In 1834 a society called the Western Baptist
Kducation Society was formed at Cincinnati. Prof.
Stevens noted as the secretary of this society until
1800, when its w'oik passed into the hands of the
Ohio liaptist Education Society. He was also
largely engaged in the estaltlishnient and support
of the Western Baptist Theological Institute, wliieli
was opened for students at Covington, Ky., in
1845, under the presidency of Rev. K. E. Pattison,
l).l)., and subsequently, when disagreements oc-
curred and a separation took place, in the founding
of a similar institution at Fairiiioiiiit, near Cincin-
nati. Throughout all this period he was unceas-
ingly active both in the cause of education and of
missions, and made many personal sacrilices of
time and money.

In i85'J ho was wade Professor of Greek and
Latin in Denison University. In 1808, the two
departments having been separated, he took the
chair of Latin, which he retained until 1875.
During all these years he maintained the fresh
zeal and enthusiasm of youth, and kept himself
fully abreastw'ith the age. His hours of leisure
and his vacations were s[ient in the service of the
Education Society. In 1875 he resigned his pro-
fessorship, but by the unanimous vote of the trus-
tees was continued as Emeritus Professor. Two
years afterwards, April 30, 1877, he died at the
house of his son in Granville, after a single day's
illness.

Prof. Stevens was ordained in the Ninth Street
church, Cincinnati, in 1844. In 1873 he received
the degree of D.D. from the University of Roches-
ter. He was married in 1836 to Mary, daughter
of Deacon AVm. Arnold, of Chai-lestown, Mass., a
woman rarely endowed in heart and mind. He
leaves two sons, one, George E., in business in Cin-
cinnati, 0., and the other, Wm. A., professor in
Rochester Theological Seminary.

Stevens, Hon. Thaddeus, was born in Peaeham,.
Cale<liinia Co., Vt., April 4, 1703. He graduated
with honor at Dartmouth College in 1814. lie re-
moved to Yoi'k, Pa., where he practised law^and soon
became a jirominent man in the public ati'airs of
his adopted State. He came to reside permanently
in Lancaster in 1842. He was elected to the U. S.
House of Representatives in 1848, and again in
1850. lie was re-elected in 1858, and to every
subsequent Congress until his death, which oc-
curred in Washington, Aug. II, 1808.

Mr. Stevens was for some time the leader of his
party in the House of Representatives, and its
chief man throughout the free States. Since the

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1105

STEWAltT

(liiys of lleiivy Clay no man liad a larger or more ■
devoted tliron^ of followers. 'I'liey adiiuriMj;ly
spoke of liiiti us " The n;reat eoinuMiutr.''

lie was a ineiiilier of no eluirel], but he was
hi-oui^ht U]) in the principles of the JJaptists by his
godly mother, and to his latest breath he pro-
claimed himself a Baptist. About twenty years
before his dc;ath, Mr. Stevens and another gentle-
man united, in pun;ha.-.ing a eluirch cdiliee for a
small Baptist conniumity then organized in Lan-
caster. The church hail the use of this building
free until tliey disbanded. In his will he left $1000
to the Baptists to assist in building a meeting-
house in Lancaster, provided the work should Ije
undertaken not later than live years after his de-
cease. In reciirding the bequest he declared that
the gift was in honoi' of his mother, to whom he
was indebted for his attainments and usefulness.
"To-day there stands in Lancaster a beautiful and
substantial meeting-house, largely growing out of
Jlr. Stevens's bequest," and within its walls a hope-
ful Baptist church meets to wursliip tiod.

" His name is dear ti) the peuple uf Lancaster,
lie was very liberal ; it is commonly reported that
he never refused to respond to the appeals of
any needy person.'' He and President James
Buchanan sleep in cemeteries within a few rods
of each other.

Stevenson, Rev. Samuel, a distinguished edu-
cator and friend of Sunday-schools in Arkansas, was
born in Phibadelphia, I'a., in 1816, an<l took an irreg-
ular course in Georgetown College, Ky., where he
graduated in the English C(iurse in 1847. He came
as a pioneer educator into the State shortly after his
graduation and established at Arkadelphia the
'• Arkadelphia Institute," the first Baptist school
in the State ; was present and participated in the
organization of the Sttiti; Convention in 1848, ami
becann; an active proriioter of mi.ssions and .Sunday-
schools at a time when these objects were but little
uiulerstood. He was ordained after he came to the
State, and preached occasioiuiUy. After the war
he removed to Little Uock, and engaged in busi-
ness. He died in 1878.

Steward, Rev. Ira R., son of Nathan and Dru-
silla (Kogers) Steward, was born in New London,
Conn., A|iril 3, 17'J'); served in the war (d' 1812;
was converted in 1816 ; baptized same year by
Rev. Francis Darrow, and united with First Bap-
tist church in Waterford, Conn. ; ordained deacon
in New London ; ordained in same city to the
ministry iMareh ^fi, 18:^.:} ; assisted Rev. Roswell
Burrows, in <iroton; settled in Waterford and
Montville; succeeded Rev. R. Buirows, in Groton,
for eleven years from 1837 ; in 1842 received 260
members; also labored as an evangelist at Nor-
wich ; at the solicitation of i>r. Spencer II. ('one
and others, settled with the Baptist Bethel in New

York City, and labored with rennirkable success
for twenty years, and became known over the
world ; having in early life been at sea, and know-
ing saihu-s and human nature, and having a deep
flhristian experience, his ministry in New York
was one of great power ; " previous to his entering
u|ion the ministry ho had memorized the entire
New Testament and a large part of the OKI ;" re-
tired from the pastorate in 1806, and dieil Dec. 26,
1867, aged seventy-two years; was buried in New
London, Conn.

Stewart, Rev. Henry Greene, was born in

East Clarendon, Vt., April 25, 1811. He gradu-
ated at Brown University in the class of 183y;
studied at Newton ; accepted a call to the Baptist
church at Cumberland Hill, R. I., where he re-
nniined for about nine years. He became pastor
of the Baptist church in Seekonk, Mass., in 1869.
For eight years he was in the s(;rvice of the Ameri-
can and Foreign Bible Society. At the end of this
period he acce|yted a call to the church in Warwick.
During the late war he was employed by the
'■ Freedmen's Bureau," and in his oflicial capacity
made extensive tours through the South and West,
gathering wdiat information ho could concerning
the condition and the wants of the colored people.
The service he performed was arduous, but of great
value. Returning to his home, he acted for some
time as the iriissionary of the Rhode Island Bap-
tist Convention in the destitute sc-ctionsof the State.
His health was seriously inipairi'd by the haril-
shi|)S he had passed through in ids labors for the
"Freedmen." Hoping that he might lie benefited
by a residence in Nevada, he secureil an apiioint-
ment which took him to that State. Scarcely had
he reached his new home when he died, July (3,
1871.

Stewart, Rev. J. L., was bom in Mississippi
about the year 1S33. He was graduated from the
University of North Carolina, read law at (Jhapel
Ilill, and was ordained in 1864, Rev. N. W. Wil-
son, D.D., Geo. AV. Purefoy, D.l)., and T. H. Pritch-
ard, D.l)., forming the Presbytery. He removed
to Sam|ison County soon after his ordination,
where he has since resided, and has obtained an
enviable reputation as a lawyer and preacher, both
of which professions he has successfully [irijsecuted.
Tie has been for years moderator of the Eastern
Association, and is one of the best presiding ollicers
in the State.

Stewart, William, D.D., was born in the par-
ish of Hadilaui, Dumfriesshire. Scotland, on July
27, 1836. He studied at .\nnan Academy and the
University of Glasgow, at which latter institution
he obtained by competition two of the highest
scholarships. Having removed to Canada, he was
engaged for a time in teaching a high school, and
when the Canadian Literary Institute was opened,

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STIFLEIi.

HOC

STILES

in July, 18(50, liu \v;is ;i|i|iointi;d I'rufo.ssor of Chis-
sies. In tliii .siuiic jc^ar ho was uiiiiiitU'il ti) an titl
eiiiidfin cloui-i^u ill tliu University of Unfiio.stcr. llu
has lii'uii pastor sucC(3s.sivoly of thu i<'irst Haptist
chm-oh, Uraiitfoi'd ; of tlic JSoml Street cliiirch,
Toronto; and of the I'arlc Street ehnreh, Hamil-
ton,— thvei' tif tin; lari^est cliurches in, the province
of Ontario. He was also for three years editor,
and for nearly seven years editorial contributor, to
the Canadian liiipUsl. In IST'i Knox Univi-rsity
conferred on liini tin! dej^ree of 1>.U. In addition
to taking an active part in tiie societies charged
with the great work of ministerial education, for-
eign missions, ami home missions, hn- each of
which he has at times heeii secretary, Dr. Stewart
has published several pamphlets and discourses,
among which area jirize essaj' on the " OHicers of
the New 'festament (,'liureh," ami a sermon on
'■ Future I'unishment." At jn'csent (September,
ISvSO), (iwiii^ to failing lieulth, he is in California.

Stifler, William H., D.D., was bom in Blair
Co., Ph., in IS4I, and left lu)me in 1S57 for the
We.-i^t. He entered the preparatm-y depiirtmenl of
Shnrtlefi" College, Upper Altun, III,, in ISJS. He
was converted in IH.'i'.l. (Jn aeconnt of interrup-
tions in his course of studies by time spent in
teaching and in the United States service, he did
not graduate until 1!S6G in the college department,
and 18G9 in the theological department. lie was
ordained pastor of the Pana Baptist church, Pana,
III., in ISO'J. In May, ISTli, he Ijecamc' pastorof the
15aptist ehnreh at Cedar Falls, Icuva. In i\lay, 1876,
he became pastor at Cedar Rapids, and in October,
187y, ho becaine pastor of tlio Calvary Baptist
church, Davenport, where he is now labiu'ing.
During his ministry in Iowa he has been promi-
nently connecti'd with all the denoininational in-
terests in the State, and has rendered ellicient ser-
vice, especially in the Sunday-school work.

Stiles, Ezra, D.D., a (yi>iigregational minister
of Ncwjiurt, U. I., in 1703, a leader of distinction
in his denomination, who was subsoijuently presi-
dent of Yale College, had much to do with the
charter of our tirst American college.

Dr. Manning, the first president of Rhode Island
College, now Brown University, arrived at Newport
in July, 1703. At the house of Col. Gardner,
deputy governor of the colony, and a Baptist, a
meeting of about fifteen Baptist gentlemen was
held to ari'ange about framing a charter for the
new Baptist college. Dr. Manning was requested
to prepare a sketch for examination on the follow-
ing day, wlieji the brethren present should again
meet. At the next meeting Dr. i\Iaiiiiiiig's "rough"
draft was read, the tenor of which was, that this
institution was to lie a Baptist one, but that as
many of other denominations should be taken in
as was consistent with the said design, lion. Jo-

sias Lyndon and Col. dolj Bcniiet were "appointed
to draw a charter," with a petition that it should
be a|iprovcd by the JiCgislaturc, to be laid before
the iie.Nt (ieneral Assembly; they, pleading inex-
perience, rcipiested permission to solicit the assist-
ance of Dr. Stiles. Their reiiuest was granted,
and the whole matter was Icd't to Dr. Stiles, after
he was informed that " the Baptists were to liave
the lead in th(! institution, and (he giivernmeiit
thereof forever, and that no more of other denomi-
nations were to be admitted than would be consist-
ent with that."

Dr. Stiles undertook the matter, and received
some help from Mr. AV'illiam Ellery. The day
when the charter was to he read to its Baptist
friends Dr. Manning had to sail for Halifax, so
that he could not remain long enough to see that
the intentions of the founders of the proposed
college were carried out. Besides, the document
was didicult to understand without careful exami-
nation. The corpiu'ation of the projected colle;;e
was to consist of trustees and fellows, and these
boards were " to sit and act by distinct and sepa-
rate powers." The Baptists thought that tlie tru.s-
tecs were " the principal branch of authority, and
as it was provided that nineteen out of thirty-live
were to be Baptists, the Baptists were satisticd,"
without a pro|jcr examination of the ileceptive docu-
ment. But Dr. Stiles had so "artfully constructed
the charter as to throw the power into the fellows'
hands, whereof eight out of twelve were Presby-
terians, usually called Congregationalists, and that
the other four might be of the same denomination
for aught that appeared in the charter to the con-
trary."

When the charter came before the Assembly,
and a vote was demanded, Daniel Jenckes, whose
daughter Rhoda was the mother of Nicholas Brown,
and wdio was afterv^■ards chief justice of the Provi-
dence County Court for nearly thirty years, de-
manded time to examine it; he was allowed, after
some opposition, to take it home while the Assem-
bly was at dinner; and eoniprehemling the real
wickedness of the charter, he went to consult Oov.
Lyndon, who was a Ba])tist, and the governor
understanding its character immediately called on
Dr. Stiles and demanded why he had perverted the
design of the charter. His answer was, "1 gave
you timely warning to take care of yourselves, for
we had done so with regard to our society" (de-
nomination). He linally added that " he was not
the rogue." Mr. Jen(d<es succeeded in having the
cliarter confirinatimi postponed for that session.
" nohvi/fislauiJiiif/ Ike attempts of Mr. Ellerij and
others of the Prcshytcrknis to tlie cdutrari/." Before
the breaking up of the Assembly, by order of the
house, at the request of Mr. Jenckes, the Speaker
gave liim the charter on his promise that it should

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HTILDtAN

11U7

ISTILLMAN

bo fortliciiiiiiiig lit I 111' next iiu'eting of tlio Assem-

l\Ir. JuiicktM sliowed tliit oliai'tiT to luuny, and
loaned it to others I'ur I'.Naiiiiiialiini ; and wlieu he
needed it lie sent lor it to l>i'. I'liihruiiii iSi'own,
will) had boi'i'owi'd it last, and tln'n to .Samuel
Ninhtini;ale, to whom he had loaned it; Init it
ooiild not ho lound, " Neither do 1 know," say« Mr.
.lenekes, "to this day what heeame ol it.' Tiie
Baptists i^repared another eharter, and wlien it was
presented to the next Assemhly, it was warndy op-
posed hy the Oongregationalists ; the charter in-
trusted to Mr. Joneke.s was dennunled, and when
he explained the way in which it was lost he was
rudely charged with seeretinj; it, and with hein;!;
■guilty of a breach of trust ; and such chiniorinij;s
and biekerinj^s came from the enejiiies of the Bap-
tists in the Assembly that thoy ;i^ave up their ell'orts
to secure the eonlirmation of tlieii- eharter for that
session. In the nn-an time an advertisement was
posted lip in the most public places, and the most
diligent ell'urts employed to secure the lost charter,
but it could not be fnund for nearly a century.
The now charter was j^ranted in 1704 " hy a i;reat
majority," al'ter much opposition and many unjust
reproaidies aj^ainst Mr. .leiickes. He richly do-
Bcrved the abuse of the C'oni^rcf^ationalists of Rhode
Island; for when they and their religious leader,
Ezra Stiles, had determined to '^ coiijisctitc' by
stealth a Baptist college charter, he saw the treach-
ery and frustrated its success.

Strange to say, the lost copy of Dr. Stiles's char-
ter, for tiie failure to return which to the Assembly
Mr. denekes sulfered so unjustly in his feelings and
reputation, "wxu- rertiUly J'onnd" Dr. Guild writes
in 18G4, '^ainong the urclilvcs of Dr. Stilen's I'lturrJi,
and is now in the jx'ssi.isioa of ilie univei'si/i/''
(lirown). These facts arc taken from statements
of Dr. Manning, Daniel Jenckes, and Dr. R. A.
Guild in " Life, Times, and Correspondeuce of
James Manning," ]ip. d(i-4'.l, 52-54, 56.

Stillman, Samuel, D.D. — Among the honored
names that have been handed down to us in the
iinnals of the eighteenth century, that of Samuel
Stillman is not the least worthy of mention, lioru
of respectable parents, in the city of Friends, I'eb.
'27, 1737, and spending the first eleven years of his
life in the atmosphere (d' that city, he was sur-
rounded by inlbiences that were conducive to both
moral and inlidlectnal growth, anil in very early
childhood these inlluences made noticeable impres-
sions upon his character.

In his eleventh year he went with his parents
to Charleston, S. C, where was laid the foundation
upon which lie afterwards built the iiiagnilicent
superstructure of his life. His teacher, a Mr. Kind,
was celebrated as an instructor, and under his
guidance ho made rapid progress in his studies.

His childhood seems to have been not uneommon.
While at times under deep religious convictions,
he was not permanently allected liy them until
he had nearly passed out of his boyhood. A

/fl@lfe^i

SAMUEL, STll.l.M.'i.'J, D.D. , ■

youth of earnest character, he was not hasty in de-
ciding the great ipiestion that troubled him, but,
having decided it. he was not slow in obeying the
^V^ord of (jod and the voice of conscience. lie was,
therefore, soon received by baptism into the church
of which the Rev. Oliver Hart was then pastor, and
under whose preaching he h;ul been converted.

At this time his mind was directed towards the
work id' the ministry, and he determined to enter
at once upon the preparation necessary for that
service, which seemed to him of all others most
imperatively to demand his attention.

His theological studies, wdiich he began imme-
diately upon the completion of his classical course,
were carried on under the direction of his )iastor,
and his earliest sermons were preached in the
church of which he was a member. The (irst of
these was delivered on the 17th of February, 1758.
One year later In; was ordained to the work of an
evangelist. An index to his character, and the
impression he had made at this early date, is
gr\'en in the recommendation of (he Charleston
Association of 175S, wherein they speak of liim as
'■ tin orderly and worthy minister of the gospel.''

Soon after his ordination he took charge of the
ehureli at James' Island, near (Charleston, and,
when comforlalily settled, he visited l'hi!.idel|)hia,
and took back with him to his Southern home a

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STILLMAN

1108

STILLMAN

. helpmeet in tlie person of .Miss Morgan, a dauglitof
of Or. Jolin Moi'j;an, a distingiiislied surgeon and
professor of tliat eity.

It was at tliis time also that the degree of A.M.
was conferreil npim him jjy the College of I'hila-
delphia. li(' received the same honor from Har-
vard University in 17'Jl.

l'p(jn his retnrn to JaiiKvs' Lshnid he entered with
zcaldMs spirit njion the duties of his pastorate, hot
his labors were seriously interfered with by ill
health. After a year and a half of unsatisfactory
toil, lie was obliged to resign his eluirge, and went
with his family to 15ordentown, N. .1., at which
]]|aee he preached for two years. In October, ITtiii,
he received an invitation from the Second Baptist
church of Boston to assist their pastor, Kev. James
Bound, whose health had been impaired b}' a par-
alytic affliction. In response to this invitation, he
left liordentown, became ftlr. Bound's assistant,
and continued to preach for the Second church
until November, IT'i-l, "when he accepted an in-
vitation to the pastoral office of the First Baptist
church, made vacant Ijy the resiginition of Mr.
Condy." He was installed [jastor of this church
Jan. 9, 17(>5, and here he spent the remaimler of
liis life. Only once during a pastorate of forty-two
3'ears was he awn}' l'r(jni his church for any great
length of time. " During the ociuipaney of the
town by tlie British troops, in 1775, the church
was in a dis|)erscd condition," ami l>r Stilhuan
removed his family to Philadelphia. In June,
1770, however, he returned to his post of duty,
and gatliered together his little flock, assembled
them in their house of worship, and continued
regular services until the close of the war. During
all this time the ohurch was almost the only one
in the city in which public worship was held. In
passing, be it observed, that this meeting-house
was, in 1S30, " taken down, removed, and rebuilt,
with a new aud neat fniisli," and became the prop-
erty of the South church.

Dr. Slilhuan's ministry was long and rcumrk-
ably successful. Bevivals in his church, of un-
usual importance, were of frequent occurrence, and
became the subject of di^ep interest tliroughout the
country. Esyjeeially noticeable were the outpour-
ings of grace in ISO-l and l!SI)5, and the Baptist
MiKjazine for those years comments u|)on the won-
derful dignity of the work.

Throughout his long pastorate Dr. Stillman was
not at any time a bale, hearty, and vigiu-ons nnin,
and yet ho lived to be the last of his eontemporarfi^s
in the ministry in aud around Boston. I''(jr a year
jirevious to his death be had looked forward to that
event, and even desired bis church to call a lul-
league, in order that, in case of his death, they
)night not bo without a shepherd. Nor were his
apprehensions groundless, for before Mr. Clay,

whom they invited to assist Dr. Stillnum, had com-
pleted his arrangements for leaving his clnirch in
(ieorgia, the agi.'d warrior passed to his rest.

Ills last sermon was IVom Luke xxiv. 50, f>\, and
his theme was " 'I'lie Saviour's Ascension." He
had preached every Sabbath until within two weeks
of his death, having bad the pray('r of his lifi; an-
swered,— that his ministry and his life might end
together. His last sickness was paralysis, and he
lived only twelve hours after receiving the stroke.
He died on the 12th of March, 1S07, and on tlie
Moinlay following, in the meeting-bouse where he
had preached so earnestly, services were held over
bis remains, at which his old and dear friend and
co-work(U', Dr. Baldwin, officiated. The last words
of Dr. Stillman were, '■ God's government is infin-
itely perfect."

As a |ireaclier. Dr. .Stillnuin had few peers and
no superiors in New England. His church was
fieqiiently visited Ijy President Adams, Gen. Knox,
Gov. Hancock, and men of like ]irominence. While
eminently practical, his sermons were sound in doc-
trine, ever abounding in sketches of character and
striking in illustration. " Stirring, eloipient, pa-
thetic, impassioned, graceful," all of these adjec-
tives have been employed by his fricmls in endeavor-
ing to describe them.

As a pastor, he was untiring in bis devotion to
his work, declining to enter upon any festivity or
social jileasure which in the least interfered with
bis duties to bis church. His own private interests
were ever si'condary to those of bis flock, and even
for persons in no way connected with his ministry
be had at all times a ready hearing aud an open
hand.

In bis social relations, be was eminently popu-
lar, and beloved, affectionate in his manner, of
that good-natured temperament which never fails
to win the hearts of othei-s. Attentive, even to ex-
cessive courtesy, cultured and scholarly, he was a
nmn of whom all spoke well and no one evil. Dig-
nified and discreet, he was yet full of a spiritual
joyousness that was exceedingly refreshing to be-
bohl, and he was never out of the reach of those
who claimed his interest nr compassion.

As a )iublic citizen, he had at heart the good of
his country, and be was never deaf to the calls that
were made upon him to take part in her affairs.
Without being a partisan in bis politics, he was
firm in his convictions. Among his numerous ser-
mons, published at dilForent times from 17(itj to
I80J, may bi^ mentioncMl " .V Sermon on the Kepeal
(d' the Stamp Act," ITliii; " A Sernujn on (he (ien-
eral Election in Massaehiisjetts," 1779; "Thoughts
on the Frencli Revolution," 1794; all of which re-
veal tlie d(!ep interest which the author felt in lui-
tional alfaij-s.

It may be said of Dr. Stilhuan, as it has been

VvKV AAV'. >^

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STUfSOI^

1109

STOCh'ni;ii)orc

sail! of" few men, lie showed liiiiisolf "approved

unto (i<"l, a wurkiiiau that iicedoth licit to lie
a>haiiu'il, rij;htl_v dividing the Word of truth.''

Stimson, Samuel M., D.D., was liom in Win-
choiidfi), Worcester Co., Mass., Fel). (i, ISl.'j. lie
eaiiio witli his parents into Western New York in
ISl'J. lie was hapli/.ed in IS.JI, aird hei'aiiie a
constituent iiieiiihi'r oC a l'i-ee-\Vill liaptist chiueli
in the township in wliieh he resided. In I.S31: he
.joined tlie I'endlcton Baptist church. He was li-
censed to fireach by it in 1840, and at once set
ahout tlie work of pre|iaratioii. lie studieil thri'e
years in the liest schools he could tiiid in that part
of the country. In this preparation his wife was
of great service, lie was ordaineil by the Shelliy
Baptist church in IS4i!. lie has been pastor of hi.\
ditfereiit churches, — Binghaiiiton, Batavia, and
ishelliy, N. V., Brighton, Mass., and 'ferre Haute
and Vincennes, Iiid. He was in 15atavia eleven
years, in Terre Haute eight years. At the close
of iiis pastorate in Terro llaiite he took an extended
tour through Europe. He was appointed district
secretary of the American Baptist iMissionary I'nion
in 1873, which ofGcc he still holds. He was one
year jiresideiit of the Indiana State Convention.
lie presides with ability, and is attractive in his
social qualities.

St. Joseph Female College is located at St.
Joseph, ,Mo. The building cost S100,(HJ(). It is on
an elevated site near the city, and the location is
healthy. The course of instruction is thorough
and extensive. Tlie president. Rev. E. S. Dulin,
]).D., LL.l)., is a man of large experience, and
popular as a teacher. The board of trustees is
composed of leading men in St. Joseph, and in
!\Iissouri.

St. Louis Seminary, for young ladies, is lo-
cated in St. Louis Oouiity, seven miles from St.
Louis. I'rof. B. T. Blewott, LL.D., is principal.
The buildings are spacious and the grounds beau-
tiful, overlooking the city of St. Louis. This school
is a Christian home lor young ladies, under the
management of most experienced teachers.

St. Louis, the Second Baptist Church of,

was nearly completed when, on Jan. 3, 1)S79, it was
destroyed by fire. Not discouraged by the disaster,
the zealous and generous community for whose
worship it was intomled immediately commenced
to rebuild; and on Xovember G of that year their
ed'orts were successful, and the beautiful structure,
was solemnly dedicated to the worship of Almighty
(iod.

The house and lot cost $218,000. The edifice
seats 13(10 peisuns. The building is free from
debt. Dr. W. W. Boyd is the able pastor of this
iiillueiitial church.

Stockbridge, John Calvin, D.D., was bom in

Yarmouth, Me., June 11, ISbS. He was the son

of Deacon Calvin Stock bridge, of the lirm of Vi'.
11. &, C. Stockliridge, mendiaiits, doing an exten-
sive business in Yarmouth, and warm supporters
of the Baptist church in (hat place. He was fitted

JOII.\ r.U.VIN STOl'KliHlDUK. D.D.

for college at the academy in his native village.
Entered Bowduin College in 1833, where ho re-
mained two years, and was out of cidlege part of a
year. He became a member of the Junior class in
Brown University in lS3(j; was hopeful])' con-
verted in his Senior year, and baptized at Yar-
mouth in August, 1838, by itev. Z. Bradford ;
graduated September, 1838. He took charge of
an academy in Cummington, .Mass., for six months,
and then became principal of the Ladies' Seminary
in Warren, K. 1., which position he filled for two
and a half years. In the autumn of 1841 he entered
the Newton Theological Institution, and took the
full three years' course. He was called to tln^ pas-
torate of the First Baptist church in Waterville,
Me., in September, 1844, and was ordained Jan. 8,
1845, Prof J. R. Loomis, now ex-Prcsident Loomis,
late of Lcwisburg University, being ordained at
the same time. He remained pastor of the Water-
ville church three years, when he resigned and ac-
cepted a call to the Baptist cliureh in Wolmrn,
Mass. His ministry iii tins phiee wa-o greatly
blesseil, and large accessions were made In tin'
church. At the end of five years he was invited
to take charge of the First Baptist church in Provi-
dence, K. I., during the absence of its jiastor. Rev.
Dr. tlranger, who, with iicv. I>r. I'eck, had been ap-
pointed as a depntiition to visit the stations of the

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i M.

STOCKRIilDGK

1111

STODDARD

Missioiiiiry Union in tlie Jvist. Uei'nterod upon his
work in September, 1N02. lloliin: tlio return of Dr.
(iriuij^er lie reeeivcd ii eiiil IVuni tiie Cliiiries Street
l!a|)tist eliureli, IJuston, to tiike the (iluee nuuh!
vue-.mt Ijy tlie dentil of lleV. ])r. .Sharp. He ae-
eepled it, anci was piihlioly reeoifnizisd lis pastor
Oet. 23, 1853. lie remained in this position until
the last .Sabliath in jNfay, ISGl. For a year or two
he snpplie<i dill'iirent eluirelies, and I'or neaidy two
years was pastor of the < 'ary Avenue i-hurch in
Chelsea, jMass. luipaireil health led liiai to ;j;ive
up all ministerial wmk and for si.'i nnaiths to travel
i]i Kurope. Relnruinu; home, lie aere|ited a call to
the Frei! Street ISaptist eliuroh in I'orthind, .Me.,
and he eommeneiMl his labors Nov. 1, J8Go. In
the autumn of lsr>7 lii; removed to ]*rovidenee, to
take charj^e of a youim hulies' private seliool, of
whieh Prol'. J. L. Liiieohi had been the prineipal
for eight yi!ars, and eoutinuod in this position I'or
ten years, )ircaeliing nearly tbewlude of this time,
and aetiii,^ as pastor of the Third IJaptist ehureh
ill I'rovidence between two and three years. The
honorary dei;ri-e of Doetor ol' Divinity was eoii-
ferred on Dr. Stoekbridire by Harvard College in
1S59. He was chosen a member of the corpora-
tion of 15rown University in 1850. He eompiled
the memoirs of Jlev. Baron Stow, D.D., has written
artieles for the I'luislian llcvitw and the Blbliolhcca
Sacra, and has beiMi a constant contributor to the
religious and secular )iress. His travels in Europe
liave allbrded him themes for lectures, which he
has delivered in various cities and villages in the
United States. His residence is in Providence,
R. 1.

Stockbridge, Joseph, D.D., U.S.N., was bom
in Yarmouth, ile., in 1811. He pursued his pre-
paratory studies at the academy in his native vil-
lage, and was a graduate of IJowdoin College in the
cla^s of 1830. He studied law at the Harvard Law
School, and |)raetised his profession lor a few years
in his native State, and then took up his residence
in Xew York, where he became a Cliristian. Having
decided to enter the ministry, he spent two years
at the Newton 'I'lieological Institution. Among
his classmates there were llev. Drs. A. II. fJranger,
Ii. \V. Samson, H. (J. Weston, and President
*M. J!. Anderson, of llochester University. Having
received an appointment as chaplain in the U. S.
navy, he was ordained in Now York in 1842, the
sermon being preached by llev. Dr. AVilliaiu U.
AVilliams, fiom the appropriate te.xt, Acts xxvii.
24, ''God hath given thee all them that sail with
thee." Ill the iliscliarge of his ollicial duties Dr.
Stockbridge has visited many jiarts of the earth,
and occupied several stations as chaplain on land.
He lias also hail intimate connections with the
])ublio press, both religions and secular. As a cor-
respondent of The WaUlnnan, under the signature

of " iNIallali," he has furnished a huge amount of
matter, especially in' the form of interesting and
instriietive letters fnnii fmeign lands. He has
made himself especially conspicuous in resisting
the tendency to appoint so many chaplains from
the clergy of the Episc(j|ial Church, claiming that
under a government having no state church the
leading denominations of Christians may reasonably
demand a proper share of retireseiitation among the
ehaplaiiis of the navy. In I8li8 he received the
degree of D.D. from the University of AVestern
Pennsylvania. He is now ( 1881 ) in Miirope, having
been placed on the retlicd li>t.

Stocks, Jxidg-e Thomas, a most useful and in-
Ihieiitial IJaptist deacon, was born Fi;b. 1, 1780, in
uii iiidian fort in Oroene Co., Oa. His father died
ten years after, and he was brought up Ijy an uncle.
In 18(J7 he married and settled in Greene County.
In 1813 he was elected to the Legislature of Geor-
gia, in which he served twenty years, eight as a
representative and twelve as a senator, acting as
president of the senate for eight years. For tliirtj'-
two years he was judge of the Inferior Court of
Greene Co. He was converted in 1826, united with
the churcli, and ever after continued an earnest,
zealous, liberal, and intluential IJaptist. He was
appointed on the executive coniinittee, in 1829, to
raise the money for founding Mercer Institute, and
was largely instrumental in its estiiblishnient. F'or
ten years, i'rom 1847 to 1856, inclusive, he was
president of the IJaptist State Convention ; for
years he was a trustee of jMereer University ; and
few men in the ilenomination did more than he to
advance education, missions, and the IJaptist cause
generally in the State. He died at his old home in
Greene County, greatly beloved and highly ven-
erated by the wdiole denomination.

Stockwell, Deacon E. R., is one of the most
widely known and inllucntial IJaptist laymen in
California. He was born oT IJaptist parents, Deo.
13, 1814, at Jamaica, Vt. ; removed to Stockton,
Cal., at an early day ; united with the church by
bajitism in 1857 ; elected deacon in 1858; has been
(diurch treasurer and clerk many years, treasurer
of San rrancisco Association twelve years, super-
intendent of Sunday-school and deacon of church
twenty-one years, member of the Fxecutive Com-
mittee of the .State Sunday-Scliool Convention
eleven years, and is a generous benefactor and
helper of every good work: He has been a suc-
cessful merchant, and endeavors to live as u faith-
ful steward, it is his great delight to engage in
revivals and to lead sinners to Christ.

Stoddard, Rev. I. J., D.D., was born in 1820,

in Ivb.'ii, N. V. ; eiitiocd the pri'paratcn-y depart-
ment of .MailiMin University in 1,S3'.) ; graduated
from college in 1845, and from the tlicologicul de-
partment in 1847. He and liis wife sailed for

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STONE

1112

STONE

Assaiii iV'~-/. 3, 1847. Tli(;y were assif^iu^J to Nuw-
goii^, vvi'li s|ieui;il reroruaco to tlu; cdnciitional in-
stitution tlu;ie, lint iMi-. Stoddard also (jieaolied ox-
ton.sivL'ly. Ill liuallli coni|)(;llc'd a return to America
ill 18J6. lie has rendered iiiiporuuit service in the
A\'^est to foreign mission^;, and also to the Central
University at Pella, Iowa, where Mrs. Stoddard
was chosen principal of the ladies' department in
1858. In 180G, Icavinj; their children in America,
they sailed again lor Assam, expecting to spend
the rest of their lives in that land. They \ver(^
stationed at Gowahati, but when that wonderful
work commenced among the Garos, Mr. Stoddard
removed to Golvalpara, where he gathered many
souls to Christ from that wild peiijde, — a work not
excelled up to that time in any of our mission lields.
Ill health in 1871 again compelled Mrs. Stoddard's
ri^turn to America, and for the same reason, a few
years later, Mr. Stoddard was obliged to give up
his work and return to his native land. Though
in feeble health he continued to do good service I'or
the cause of Christ. He resides at Pella, Iowa,
and though unable to engage in any continuous
labor, he feels the same interest in the foreign mis-
sion Work which promjitod a consecration of his
life to it nearly forty years ago.
Stone, George Marvin, L.D., sou of Marvin

E. and Hannah (West) Stune, was born at Strougs-
villo, 0., Dec. 10, 1S34 ; converted in Cleveland,
0., in the meetings of the Second Baptist church,
llev. J. Hyatt Smith, pastor, and "Uncle John
Vassar, missionary," in 18.')3; studied at Williston
Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., in 18ol ; entereil
Madison University, and graduated in 18.08; studied
fur the ministry in Hamilton I'heological Seminary ;
settled in Danbury, Conn., and was ordained in
September, 18C0; served this church seven years,
and in the last year baptized more than ninety per-
sons ; in September, 1S(37, settled with First Bap-
tist church in Winona", Minn. ; served it success-
fully two years ; in 1870 became pastor of the Jef-
ferson Street Baptist church in ^Milwaukee, AVia. ;
was prospered for three and a half years ; Septem-
ber, 1873, settled with First Baptist church in Tar-
rytown, N. Y. ; served seven years with marked
lioniir; made public Bible-reading a specialty and
a |)Ower ; in June, 1870, settled with the Asylum
Avenue Baptist clmrch in Hartford, Conn. ; re-
ceived in lS7'i, from Chicago University, the hon-
orary degree of Doctor of Divinity. He fills most
Worthily a prominent place in the ministry.

Stone, James R., D.D., was bom in Westbor-
ough, Mass., in IMS. His tather was of Puritan
stock. His mother's father, Janies Hawes, was
the first person baptized in Westborough. AVhen
iic was three or four years <dd his father r. m.ived
to Providence, U. I. In a diary kept by his grand-
mother may be found this entry, maile while he

was yet a child : " My son Thomas and his wife
and children are with us to-night; and after the
little ones were asleep 1 went to their bt-dside, and
kneeling down, with my hands on their heads,
prayed for their early conversion to God, and that
the Lord would make James a minister of the
gospel." Iler prayer was iinswered, for no sooner
did he give himself to the Masti;r than lie lic^gan
to wish that he might become a niinister. He was
baiitized in 1833 by the past(;r of the I'irst Baptist
ehurc-h, Kev. K. E. l'atti^on, D.D. His purpnse
was to complete a course of study in Bi'own Uni-
versity and Newton Theologictil Semiiuiry, but,
after two years' study at Brown, he was obliged to
leave.

He taught a select school in Woonsocket, 11. I.,
and afterwards went to AViekford, K. 1., to take
charge of Washington Academy. While hero he
occasionally supplied the church, and at length be-
came the pastor of tiie AViekford church. He was
ordained in 1839, Rev. Jdhn Dowliug, D.D., jireach-
ing the sermon. Years subsequently he was called
to the pastorate of the Stewart Street church, Provi-
dence, U. I., and spent several years in the work
there.

He has had pastorates in Connecticut, New York,
Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island, and was also for
two years )irinei|ial of the academy at Worcester,
Mass. In 18t)4 he aecc))ted a di.>trict secretaryship
from the Ainerii!;in I5aptist Publication Society for
AVest Virginia, Ohio, Indiaiui, and INIichigan, and
proved himself a most eai iiest worker. In 18G9
he became pastor of the Ba|)tist church in Fort
AVayne, Ind., where, " Imving obtained help of God,
he continues unto this day."

He has been several times, and is now, president
of the Indiana Baptist State Convention. He is
also a member of the board of trustees I'or the
Indiana State University.

Stone, Rev. Luther, is a descendant in the
sixth generation from Gregory Stone, who canie to
Massachusetts in ltJ34. He was born at Oxford,
near AVorcester, Sept. 2f), 1815. At the age of
sixteen ho was employed as a teacher in the public
schotds of his own town, acquiring meantime con-
siderable proficiency in such studies as astronomy,
natural philosophy, and survi^ying. About this
time he experienced religion, and entering Leices-
ter jVeadcmy, liegan his priqjaration for college. He
entered Brown University in 1835, graduating in
1839. Thence he wont to Newton Theological In-
stitution, where he graduated in l.S4"i. Declin-
ing the ofler of teacher in a .Suulhi.'rn univer-
sity, he iletermined to bee'ome a self-supp(U'ting
missionary in tin; great Mississippi A'alley. Re-
ceiving onlination Oct. 3, 1^43, Ik^ started for the
AVest, and reached tlic great river in May, 1844.
-Making his headquarters at lUirlington, Davenport,

^\n

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STONE

111;!

STOJi'HS

and Hock Isliiml, ho proiiclicd in the niin-ounLling
country, travfliiij^ over 4(11.10 miles to meet his ap-
jiointnients during the first year. The second year
he M|jeiit on Itoek liiver I'roni its mouth into Wis-
consin. 'J'liere being great need of a liaptist paper
Cur tlie ^Vest, ho determined to undertake that
<-nterprise, and Aug. 10, 1847, he Ijegan the issue
iit Chieago of a weekly called T/ic M'itlc/iiiuiit of'
Ike I'niiiics. In 1S5;'> lie translerred the proprie-
torship of the paper to those wlio have since con-
ducted it, as the oldest religious weekly in the
Xortliwest. In liSoi! he was an original trnsiee
Mild the first secretary of tlie liaptist Theological
I nion at Chieago. JSuljsequently, by purchasing
the grounds and buildings of the University of
I>es Jloiues, lie was enabled to render useful service
to that institution at a, time of a financial crisis in
its alVairs. The years lSGli-(JS In; spent in Europe,
and since his return devotes himself to the cure of
his p(M'sonal estate, and to study in various ile|iart-
ments of religious and general culture.

Stone, Marsena, D.D., was bom in Homer,
N. v., Jan. 'SI, ISlU; converted under the minis-
try of llev. Alfred Bennett in 1830, and, after two
years of hesitation and self-examination, was bap-
tiiicd at JIanlius, N. Y., by Rev. Ciharles Morton ; he
spent some time at Hamilton. In 1837 he entered
the ministry, and became pastor of the church in
Mendon, N. Y., where he remained until 1840,
when he went to JMount Morris, N. Y., and was
pastor for live years. After a short interval spent
in the service of the New York Baptist Education
Society aivl in su[)p]ying the church at Eaton, in
October, 1847, he went to Norwich, N.' Y., and was
pastor there until 1852, when he was called to take
charge of the English course in Fairniount Theo-
logical Seminary, Cincinnati, 0. This position he
resigned in 18511, and became jiastor of the Baptist
church at Lebanon, 0., where he remained five
years. From 1861 to 18()8 he was principal of the
Y'oung Ladies' Institute and Professor of Tlieology
at Granville, 0. In 1808-C'J, through the miiniti-
cence of linn. J. M. Hoyt and Mr. E. Thresher, he
■spent a year liolding minister.s' institutes in Ohio
and other States. From IStJ'J to 1872 he was pas-
tor at Marietta, 0. In 1872 he was sent South by
the Home Mission Society to hold institutes among
the colored preachers. He spent one year at Shaw
Uiiiversit}', Kaleigh, N. C, and two years at Leland
University, New Orleans, La. In 1878 retired to
Lebanon, 0., where he now resides.

Dr. Stone has done much hard and good work,
and is worthily regarded aa one of the strongest
men of his adt)pti-d State. He takes an active part
in the educational and other work of the denomina-
tion in Ohio, and is ever ready, notwithstanding ibe
weiglit of years, to perform his full share of hcivice
for Christ.

n

Stone, 0. B,, D.D., was born at Homer, N. Y.,

Sept. 24, 182;i. In the fellowsliip of that cburcdi
he was baptized while .'till but a youth, and by it
also he was licensed. He was ordaine.l, in 1852,
at Xenia, 0. Having served the church there as
])astor some two years, he went to California, under
appointment of the Home Mission Society. Four
years he was pastin- at Nevada City and five years
at San Jos6. Ueturning East, he served three
years as district secretary of the Home Mission
Society in New York. His subsequent pastorates
have been three years at Lafayette, Ind., two years
at Rockford, III., four at Marengo and four at
Bloomington, in the same State. His health and
that of Ilia wife having faileil, be is not now in ser-
vice, though residing at Bloomington. Dr. Stone
was a gradiuite of Madison University and of the
Rochester T'heological Seminary. lie lias held
im))ortant positions in connection with educational
nrgani/.ations, as a nuiuber of the boards of the
university and seminary at Chicago and of Shurt-
lelf CVjllege. While bis health permitted his labors
were constant, alaindant, and Irnitful. As preacher
and pastor he ranks with the foremost in the
West.

Storrs, Rev. William, now of Belmont. Alle-
gany Co., N. Y., was burn in tlie town of Worces-
ter, Otsego Co., N. Y., Jan. 20, 1810. He obtained
hope in the Saviour when he was about eight years
old. In his eleventh year he first had a desire to
preach the gospel, and this has been a prevailing
inclination throughout his life. In April, 1827, his
father removed his family to Frankliiyille, Cattn-
rangus Co. March 27, 1831, lie, with others, was
baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist church
in EUicottville, Cattaraugus Co., by Elder Ebenezer
Vining. April 18, 1841, he received a license from
the East Worcester church to preach. He com-
menced the work of his life that spring in the
meeting-house in East Worcester, wliere, twenty
years before, ho first felt a desire to |)reach.
March 8, 1843, he was ordained in the Baptist
church in Cherry Valley. I)iu'iiig the thirty-eight
years of his ministry he has been pastor of tho fol-
lowing Baptist ehurches : liodi, Bern, Knox, Friend-
ship, Humphrey, Oramcl, B(dfa&t, Hermitage, Uicli-
burg. West Almond, N. Y., and Ulysses, l>a. He
has been engaged in several revivals, in some of
which the number reclaimed, with thoBC who pro-
fessed conversion, amounted to a hundred or more.
In 1861 he joined tlie Union army, and is now a
chaplain in the Grand Army of the Republic. He
is descended from I'nritan ancestors in England.
In consequence of religious intolerance, Samuel
Storrs came to Barnstable, Mass., about 1603.
About 1698 he removed to Mansfield, Conn., and
bi;came one of the nine constituent members ol' the
First Congregational church, I'rom whom there

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STOTT

1114

STOUT

has been a line of iniiiistcrs rebelling down to the
jirescnt time. From liini Mr. Stori's is ilesoondeil.
Tliouifli sprung I'roin men who slioweil their loyalty
to Christ in times of ti-ial in the OKI World and in
tlie New, and who exliihiteil fidelity to patriotism
at Unnkei- Hill and elsewln'i-e, he glories chielly iii
his sonship to l)oJ thnmgli the blood ol' Calvary.

Stott, William T., D.D., was born at Vernon,
Ind., .Mareh lili, LS.iO. In 18(11 he graduated at
Franklin College, Ind., having during his eollege
eourse supported himself by his own e.xertions,
while nniintaining a high standing in his studies.
In August, 1801, he enlisted in llie army, and was
gradually promoted, until he beeame eaptain of
Co. I, 18lh Ind. Vols. He took part in fifteen bat-
tles, and eommanded his regiment in the battle of
Cedar Creek. In bSGO he entered Iloehester Theo-
logical Seminary to |n-cpare himself for the Chris-
tian ministry, graduating in LStiS. lie was for a
year pastor of the church in Columbus, Ind. In
ISD'J he accepted the cbair of Natural Science in
Franklin College, and in 1872 he became |)residont
of this institution. In tlie several )iositions which
lie has held he has exhibited breadth, clearness,
fidelity, perseverance, and a high moral purpose.
In 1873 he received tlie degree of D.D. from Kala-
mazoo College, Mich.

Stott, Rev. William T., Sr., was bom in Wood-
ford Co., ICy., in 178U. lie was converted at the
age of thirteen, and joined the Salt River Baptist
church. lie came to Indiana in 1S|5, and was one
of the constituent members of the Vernon church.
He was pastor of this church about fifty years.
He always took a deep interest in the civil govern-
ment, never allowing an election of importance to
occur without depositing his ballot. He was a man
of great social ])OWcr, and a ]ircachcr of marked
ability in his ]irime. He was very familiar with
the Word of God, and hence was immovable in liis
religiou.s beliefs. He was a soldier in the war of
1812. He and llev. John Vauter surveyed the first
road liiid out from Madison to Indianapolis. About
lOlJU persons, according to his own estimate, were
converted under his preaching and baptized by iiim.
He was unconscious several weeks during liis last
illness, but he had one hour of consciousness, in
wliicli he related his Christian experience, gave
cheering words to each one that stood around him,
and then suddenly lapsed into unconsciousness
again. He died April 14, 1877, and was buried
I'roin the church that he had helped to constitute
sixty-one years belVjre.

StOUgh, Rev. A. S., was bom in Germany in
1827 ; was educated for the Catholic priesthood ;
was ba[itized in Norfolk, Va., in 1847 ; read the-
ology for two years with Dr. Geo. W. J'urefoy and
))egan to preach ; is a successful pastor ; Iki.-> been
lor some years in charge of the church at Shelby,

and moderator of the King's Mountain Associa-
tion.

Stout, Charles B., was bom at Flemington,
N..r.,iH 1S21; spent his yuuth in Now IJriinswiidi;
became an active member of the Stanton Street liap-
tist cliurcli, New York; has been for years connected
with tlie First or with the llemsen Avenue church in
New IJrunswick. He is the author of several books,
which have liad an extensive sale; was one of the
lirst to use the blackboard in Sunday-schools, and is
widely known in the Sunday-school work as an
able speaker and contributor to the niagazines.

Stout, Rev. David Bishop, was bum in Hope-
well, N. J., in the year ISIO: was ordained a min-
ister, and settled in a joint pastorate over the
churches at Lambertville and llarborton in the
year 1SI!2. After live j'cars' active and successful
labor on these liulds he was called to take charge
of the ancient church at Middlelown, where he
settled in April, 18.'57| and where he remained and
labured as pastor till his death, a period of thirty-
eight years, 'fhe forty-three years of his minis-
terial life and laljors were all spent in his native
State, and in two pastorates. Few men have ever
t)een more devoted to the Lord's work, and few
have received larger measures of success.

Brother Stout was a constituent member of the
State Convention, being present at its organization
in 1830, and was an active worker and wi5e euun-
selor in all its operations from the lir.->t till the day
of his death. As a preacher, he was eminently
Scriptural, trusting to the Spirit to m.ike the Word
successful. This principle of his miuistry made
him sound in doctrine, able in counsel, discreet and
wise as a minister of Jesus Christ in every sphere
of life.

He died May 17, 1874, having bajitized during
his pastorate of the oldest Baptist church in the
State 615'.) professed believers.

Stout, Rev. John.— From the beginning of
Brother Stout's ministry, at Newberry, S. C, in
1870, he took a prominent part in all iiur religious
enterprises, especially State missions. For several
years past he lias rendered very efficient service
in organizing and conducting Woman's Mission
Societies. lie was born in Mobile, Ala., in 1842,
being a son of Rev. I'latt Stout. He served in the
Confederate army during the war, which much re-
tarded his education. After the close of the war he
removed to Darlingtim Co., S. C, where he learned
to know Him whom to know is life eternal, and at
once determined to ]ir<Nich the unsearchable riches
of Christ. I'rcparatcjry to tliis In; entered Furman
University, in 1867, and the Soutliern Baptist Tlie-
ologieal Seminary, then at Greenville, S. C, in
18G8. He spent three years in the seminary, com-
pleting the entire course except one study. lie
pursued this afterwards, and received a full dijilouui

•i-IU

-t:l r Ofit Kllttlli

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STOUT

1115

STOW

in 1872. lie becaino pastor of tlic Nuwljcrry
chureli during liia sumiiiary course, and settled
there on leaving Green\ ille, in ISVl. In 1.ST4 he
removed to Harlinjiton, and beeanie jiastor of the
old Welsh Neek ohureh, and slill oeeu|iies that
jiositiot). There has lieen ijotliiii;^ remarkable in
his lil'e exeejit regular, eonsistent, aiid sneuessfnl
Nervieu in tin; various de|iartmi^nts of the Master's
wcnk. A star is better than a meteor.

Stout, Rev. Piatt. — For want of facts in his
life the writer can only mention the name of Mr.
Stout, one of the best and most useful ministers
of Alabama. lie lived to old age, and died in
Wetumpka several years ago. He was famous for
distinguished piety, burning zeal, wise judgment,
and rare ability. 'I'he gifted Kev. John .Stout, of
South f'aroliua, is his son.

Stout, Rev. Thomas H., was ))orn at Orange
Court-IIouse, \i\.., July 2.i, 1835; baptized in Ken-
tucky in 1802; in 1854 he began to preach, and
entered ]Mercer University, (la., as a student ; has
spent several years as teacher in Georgia ; was a
soldier and a chaplain for some time during the
late war. From 1802 to 18G7 lie was the successful
pastor at Blakely. In 1867 he became president
of the Baptist Female College of North Georgia;
at the s;une time he was pastor of various churches.
In ISG'J lie became pastor at Lumpkin ; in 1872 at
T'homaston ; in 1878 at 'I'alliottun and other neigh-
boring churches. In January, 187'J, he accepted
the pastorate of the First church in the city of
Troy, Ala., and there, as in Georgia, his labors are
being lionored with success. Six years he was
clerk of the Kclioboth Association, and seven years
of the Geoi'gia State Convention, lie received the
degree of A.M. from Mercer University in 1873.
lie is an active and able minister of Christ.

Stovall, Rev. A. L., a useful minister in North-
east jNIississippi, was born in Tennessee in 1809;
removed to Alabama, where ho began to preach in
1841 ; during his stay in Alabama he served the
following churches near his honu; in Liiwrence
County, vi/.. : 'i'own C'recd^, .Moulton, Macedonia,
and Courtland. He removed to Mississippi in
1852, and settled near 'I'.npelo, in the northeastern
part of the State, where he spent the remainder of
his life jirearhing to churches in the surrounding
country. He aided in the organization of Judson
Association, and was its moderator a number of
years. He died July 4, 1872, much respected by
those among whom he had lived.

Stow, Baron, B.D., one of the most eloquent
and successful ministers of the denomination of
which he was so distinguished an ornament, was
born in Croydon, N. II., June Iti, 1801, and spent
his early youth on the farm of his father. A\ Inn
but a child he began to show what his tastes were.
By the roadside, near the iiouso of iiis father, was

a boulder, which, from its peculiar construction,
was called " the pul|)it." Taking possession of
this jiulpit, the boy-preaciier would draw around
him a crowd of his associates, and, as our fathers

llAUON Slow, 0.0. '

were wont to say, " exercised his gifts" quite to
the admiration of his listening friends. He was
litted for college at the academy in Newport, N. IT.,
and became a member of Culumljian. College,
Wasiiington, D. C, in September, 1822, where he
had among bis instructors Or. Irah Chace, Dr. Alva
Woods, Thomas Sewell, M.I)., l»r. 11. Babcock,
Prof. J. I). Knowles, Prof. T. J. Conant, and Dr.
II. E. Pattison. Close attention to his studies
enabled liiin to com|ileto the c^ntire course of the
prescribed curriculum in a little more than three
years. Mr. Stow acted as editor of the Culumbian
Star, the organ of the Triennial Convention, during
tho latter part of his college course, and continued
to hold that )iositioii for more than a year.

He received a call to become the pastor of the
Ba])tist cliureh in Pirtsiuouth, N. H., and was or-
daincil Oct. 24, 1827, his ordination scrninn having
been preached by Kev. U. Babcock, then pastor of
the First Baptist church, Salem, i^Iass. His min-
istry in Portsmouth was from the outset cminenlly
successful. Tho church grew in iiunibers and
strength, and were obligi^d to make |irovision for a
larger bouse of worshi|j, and their jiresent edifice
in Middle Street was built, and dedicated Sept. 24,
182S. More than one invitation of a most urgent
character was extended to him to remove to what
were considered more inviting lields of ministerial

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i 111

STOW

lllG

srowE

luljor, liut lie declined nil siicli overtures. Vav live
yeiira, dating IVoni his ordination, lie continued at
tlie post wliicli Providence seemed to liave ussii^ned
to llilll.

The pulpit of the Baldwin Place church in Bos-
ton having become vacant, the thoiijihts of the
church were turned at once to Porlsiuontli, and
Mr. Slow received a hearty invitation to licconie its
pastor. Oheyinj^ what soeiiied lo him to be the call
of his Master, ho decided to remove to Bost(jn. Ho
was installed as pastor Nov. 15, 1S32. If his min-
istry in Portsmouth hud been followed with p;reat
success, still more prosperous was it at the North
Jjiid in Boston. At the close of the year 1837 he
preached that remarkable sermon from the text,
"Boast not thyself of to-morrow, for thou knowest
not what a day may briii;^ forth," the traditions of
the wonderful results of which linjrered for many
a year in ]Jostoii. More than unc liamlrcil persons
refened to that discourse as the means of their
awakening and conversion. A powerful revival
commenced with the openin;^ of the 3'ear 1838, the
iiillueiice of which was felt for years. During the
next five years 502 persons were added to the
church on a profession of their faith in (Jhrist.
Meanwhile his interest in every de|iartmeiit of
Christian work increased, as iiia zeal for the pro-
motion of the kingdom of Christ grciw more intense
and intelligent. lie threw his soul into the-<;anse
of foreign missions, and never was happier than
wiien, by his pen or the living voice, lie was plead-
ing for that cause.

At length the labors of the ministry began to
tell on his nervous btrength, and, exhausted by long-
continued work, he was forced to yield, and seek
the renewal of his wasted powers by change of
scene and the gentle excitements of foreign travel.
lie left Boston Dec. 1, 1840, and was absent several
months abroad, traveling in England, France, Swit-
zerland, and Italy, and returned to his homo in the
month of June. He took up, with recruited
strength, the work which he had laid aside, and
again preached and performed his pastoral duties
with his accustomed zeal and acci'[)tableness. lie
shared in the labors and the ingathering of souls
into the churches, which made the year 1842 sy
memorable in the religious history of Boston. At
the close of the twelfth year of his ministry at
Baldwin Place, during two of which he had been
laid aside by sickness, he makes the following
record : " I have preached 1237 sermons, made
8532 visits, solemnized 482 marriages, attended 580
funerals, baptized (J13, added by letter 201, dis-
missed 3'J4, and excluded 71." These ligures pre-
sent us a picture of a life of great ministerial ac-
tivity and success as an ambassador lor Chri. l.

Dr. Stow was the pastor of a church situated in
that part of Boston which more than any other sec-

tion was undergoing constant social cliunges by the
inllux of a foreign population. The weakening of
liis church by the removal of some of his best fam-
ilies proved a source of so great discouragement
that, in 1848, he felt it his duly lo resign his pastor-
ate of the church of which, for sixteen years, he
had been the loving and beloved under-sliepherd.
After a brief )jeriod of relaxation, during which he
received invitations to become the pastor of three
churches, he decided to accept a call to what was
then the Howe Street church, now the Clarendon
Avenue, and began at once to reap the fruits of his
labors. It is not possiljle to sum up what this
most indefatigable worker di<l, as a preacher where
the standard for pulpit service was so high, as a
pastor of the warmest sympathies and the teiiderest
love, as a memlier of the I'lxeentive ('ommittee of
the Jlissionary Union, wdiore he performed a vast
amount of work, especially with his most graceful
and accurate jien, as a writer of books and lor the
religious press- A second trip to Europe, taken
for the same reasons that h^d him to make the
lirst, ])roved serviceable to him, and no doubt pro-
longed his valuable life. His )iast(U-ate of the llowo
Street church ended in I8t)7. I'Nu-ty years nearly
he had been in the ministry, thirty of which had
been spent in Boston. 'J'ho roots had gone down
too deep into the soil of the dear old city to be
rudely torn up, and although urged to occupy
other fields of labor he declined, and spent the re-
mainder of his days in performing such work as
his Master gave him to do, ai\d at length came to
the end of his days on the 27tli of December, 1869.

Dr. Stow takes high rank among the best preach-
ers of his own denomination or any other in this
country. Amidst the exhausting labors of his pro-
fession ho found time to write and give to the world
the productions of his pen. Ho was one of the com-
pilers of the "Psalmist." His "First Things,"
"Christian Rrothorhood," "Daily Manna," and
"Whole Family in Heaven" are illustrations of
his skill and ability as a writer, llis name is hal-
lowed in the nn^mory of many who loved him, and
the whole church of God may be thankful that its
great Head gave to it so true so I'aithful, a servant
of the Lord Jesus Christ as Baron Stow.

Stowe, Rev. Phineas, was born in Milford,
Conn., March 20, 1812. When lie was fifteen
years of age he was engaged as a clerk in a store
in Now Haven. He was baptized by Rev. Klisha
Cushman, July 2, 1831, and became a member of
the First Bajitist church in New Haven., Feeling
himself called of God to preacdi the gospel, ho
spent four years at the New Ilaitipton Literary
and Theological Institution in lilting himself for
his work. After leaving New Hamptim he was
pastor for two years of the Bajitist church at South
Danvers, Mass. But his life-work was to be [ler-

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STOIVELL

1117

STllIIiLING

funned in niiotlKu- sjiIku-c. Providence liad designed
liiiii to be ii preaoliei- to seamen, ;uk1 in IJoston lie
loiuul a lield of labor wliicli was suited to liini and
lie to it. " Ho was adapted to his wcn'U," says his
friend Dr. Neale, "and his work to him. It litted
exactly all the peculiarities of his mind and heart,
as the liipiid metal takes thii varied features ol' the
mould into wliiidi it is east. It Idled his wlnde soul,
and lie went into it with all his mighl." A period
of twenty years of constant, unremitting labor pro-
duced such results as any man might be thankful
to have accomplished. The monuments of his zeal
and untiring energy may be found in diflerent sec-
tions of«tlie city of IJoston, and especially in the
better characters and the Christian lives of hun-
dreds and thousands of sailors in all parts of the
world. His intense enthusiasm, and his love for
the work to which he had given the best years of
his life, at last touched the delicate fibres of an
over-sensitive brain, and he was forced to spend
his last days in one of those retreats wiiicli the
Christian benevolence of our modern days has
provided for sufferers like him. He died at the
MeLeiin Hospital for the Insane at Somerville,
Mass., Nov. 13, 1.S6,S.

Stowell, Rev. Austin H., son of Isaac and
Harriet (Hall) .Stowell, was born in Starksborough,
\'t., Oct. G, 1S18; converted in Bristol in 1830;
baptized at Brandon, in lS3ti, while studying to
enter Middlebury College; licensed by the Baptist
church in Brandon ; ordained. Dee. 11, l8.j'J, in
Palmyra, N. Y. : settled in Avon and Moriah ; in
Saratoga five years, in Providence, li. 1., six years,
in South Boston, Mass., in Peoria, 111. ; spent
twelve years in Chicago in general gospel work ;
published two sermons to young men in IS.'Ji, and
iP doctrinal seimun on Baptist |)olity in 18G0.

Stradley, Rev. J. A., the son of the venerable
minister, Thomas Stradley, was born in Asheville,
N. C, March 17, 183l! ; was baptized by his father ;
ordained in 1854; to(dc an irregular course at
Wake Forest College on account of ill health, and
lias spent most of his i)rofessional life in Oranvillc
County. Mr. Stradley is an uncompromising lem-
peranci! advocate and a strong Baptist.

Stradley, Rev. Thomas, the oldest living Bap-
tist preacher of North Carolina, the missionary of
the mountains, was born in Woolwich, England, in
1798 ; landed in America at Charleston, S. C, and
settled in Buncombe Co., N. C, in 1828. He was
already a Baptist, and soon began to preach, and
was ordained by Ut.'vs. Humphrey Posey, Dobbins,
and Alfred Webb.

Mr. Stradley attendcil the third session of the
Baptist .State Convention, held at Cartledge's Creek
church, Kiehmond County, in 1833, and had ti.e
honor to be appointed the first missionary of that
body. Mr. Stradley became an excellent and use-

ful preacher. He is what is termed a high-church
Baptist, a great temperance apostle, and has the
distinguished Innior not only of founding the Bap-
tist church in Asheville, but of building, almost
unaided, the handsome house in which it worships.
Though upvvarils of eighty, h(^ still preaches with
great p()W(;r.

Straughan, Rev, Samuel Lamkin, was bom
in Northumberland Co., Va., July 30, 1783. He
spent his youth on his father's iarm. He was bap-
tized in April, 1803, and united with the iMoratico
church. He immediately began the congenial work
of exhorting the impenitent, and his labors were so
successful that in 18O0 he was ordained to the work
of the ministry. His first pastoral charge was that
of the Wicomico church, the membership of which
at the beginning was only 24, but which soon in-
creased to nearly 300, so niightily did the Word of
the Lord prevail under Mr. Straughan's faithful
ministrations. In 1807 he accepted the pastorate
of the Moratlco church, which also ljec;ime one of
the strongest and most active in that jiart of the
Sttite. In the year 1814 he was chosen by the
Missionary Society of Uichmond to travel into
certain parts of Maryland, where there was great
destitution of the means of grace. Here, although
at first received with great coldness and some op-
position, ho secured a strong hold on the alfeetions
of the people, and was the means of accomplishing
much good. These visits wore necessarily only oc-
casional, since he had his own churches in Vir-
ginia to supply at regular times. He made his last
visit to Maryland in 1820, at wdilcli time the jiul-
iiKjuary disease, under which he had long labored,
grew rttpidly worse, and, resting awhile at Nanje-
moy, he finally reached his home in June, from
which time he was almost wholly conlincd to his
house until his death, which occurred June 9, 1821.
Mr. Straughan was eminent for his dee|) piety. In
every relation of life he was a model man, simple,
modest, grave, courteous, and gentle towards all
around him. He had u "good rejjort" of all who
knew him. As a preacher, he was in many re-
spects more than ordinary. His voice was sono-
rous, his style alwa3',s strung and nervous, and
s(Hnetime8 elegant, his address sincere and often
animated, and his countenance remarkably pre-
possessing. His discourses were marked by argu-
ment and Scriptural illustrations rather than by
eloquence, although occasionally he rose to sub-
limity of style. Mr. Straughan was only thirty-
eight years of ago at his dcnth, but in the short
time he was permitted to live and labor he uccuiii-
plished much for the Master, and left behind him,
for the admiration of the church, a record such as
many whose years are more numero'us rarely ac-
complish.

Stribling, James H,, D.D., was born in Ala-

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STRiniJKG

1U8

STRONG

biiiiia ill lS2l!; is a nu|ilie\v of tlio ilistiiigiiishod
ComiiiiKloro Stnliliiig uf tlie IJ. S. luivy. ^Vitll
liis latlior's family lir reriiiivcil to 'l"i;xiis, :iiid fir^t
located in Wa.sliiiii;tuii C\iuuly ; servod us a voliin-
toiM'iii the Texan army in tlie Somorvilie campaign
designed to repel the Mexican invasion of 1842—13;
[irofessftd convmsion in July, 1.S4.'), and was liap-
ti/ed by llcv. Wm. M. 'I'ryon in .Se|itcnilier follow-
ing; authorized to prearli aliont oneyc-ar afterwanls;
pni'sned studies in liaylor University from May,
1846, to December, 184'J ; ordained at Independence
at last date. In JS")0 traveled as a missionary west
uf the Colorado lliver, traversing a large scope of
country from the sea-coast to the mountains, preach-
ing in a log cabin or private dwelling, under live-
oaks or in regular places of worship, facing north-
ers and drenching rains on bleak prairies, swimming
streams, crossing the Indian's war-path, but every-
where received kindly, and enjoying many happy
seasons, poiriting sinners to Christ, and witnessing
the triumplis of the gospel. 'I'raveled this year
3000 miles on horseback ; served from 18Ji to close
of 1857 as pastor at Gonzales, and preached to other
churches in the country. Many revival seasons
were enjoyed, and hundreds brought into the king-
dom of Christ. In 1858-59 ministered lo ol<l CiUioy
and Wharton churches, enjoying )n-ecious seasons
of grace. In May, 1800, assumed the pastorate of
the First church, (Jalveston, and continued until
the calamities of war broke up tliis ha|ipy relation.
In lS(i3 he began", and in 1873 closed, a successful
pastorate at Anderson, preaching at Navisota and
other churches during this period ; began the pas-
torate at Tyler, which he now holds, in September,
1873, and ever since one harvest of blessing has
been eTijoyed by pastor and people ; served two
years as inodiu-ator of Colorado Association, seven
years as nniderator of Union Association, four
years as president of State Sunday-School and Col-
portage Convention, many times vice-president of
State Convention ; for three years past has been
moderator of Clierokee Association, and at various
times has been a prominent membi'r of the Southern
Convention. In the course of his ministry be has
preached 3000 sermons, and delivered as many
lectures; led or assisted in 150 protracted meet-
ings, in which over 2000 professed conversion ;
solemnized 200 marriages, and attended a larger
nnnilier of funeral services; baptized over 800
persons ; traveled in every mode 20,01)0 miles from
the Sabine to the Nueces, from the Gulf to the
mountains; arid has preached to gratified audiences
in. Mobile, Louisville, Baltimore, and other cities;
has published, 1. " Sermon on Sunday-Schools ;"
2. "In Memory of T. J. Jackson ;" 3. "On Future
I'unishment;" 4. "Sketches of Travels;" 5. "Dis-
cussion on Human Depravity ;" and misc(dlanrous
articles; received A.M. in 1858 and D.D. in 1871

from Uaylor University. Uev. Z. N. Morrell, in
'■ Flowers and Fruits from the \Vilderness," says,
'■ lie has never turned aside to engage in any secu-
lar (;m|iloyment for a year or a month. . . . All
love him, none excel him." lie esteems it his
highest honor, privilege, and blessing to sit at the
feet of Jesus and learn of him.

Strickland, Rev. C. H., ol' Knoxville, Tenn.,
was born in Lawrenceville, (Ja., Dec. 18, 1844. As
a boy, he was ambitions to excel, faithful and true
to those who trusted him, and passionately fond of
rea<ling. lie was prepiu'cd for college at the Law-
renceville High School.

A few years after his conversion he was called
of God to preach the gospel, and was ordained by
Bethel church, Walton Co., Ga., Jan. 30, 1870, the
I'resbytcry consisting of IJrethren Bedford, Lung-
ford, G. A. Nunnally, Stilhvell, and Lorirjg. lie
was pastor first of this church, al'terwards of
churches at Farmington, New Hope, Greens-
borough, and Augusta, Ga., and Knoxville, Tenn.,
his Master giving him in every )dace the joy of
seeing his work prosjier in his hands. As a pas-
tor, he knows his people; their trials, sorrows, and
bereavements are his, and so pi'rfectly does he
know them all that Tiot one can be ahsent from the
public services tliat he does not miss. Though
still young, he has been a busy worker, and by
the blessing of God has accomplished much good.

Strickland, Rev. W. H., was born in Gwin-
nett Co., Ga. lie in early life joined the Presby-
terian Church, to which his parents belongeil, but
four years after he united with the Bajitists. After
preaching some years in the c./untry, he became
pastor of Kallock Street church in Augusta, Ga.
In 1871-72 he was chaplain of tlie house of rep-
resentatives of the Getu-gia Legislature. He has
since been pastor in Darlington and in Anderson,

s. c. , ■

On the 1st of July, 1880, he became correspond-
ing secretary and treasurer of the State Mission
Board of South Carolina. In the lii-st five months
he collected $G23l).'jO, an unprecedented amount.

Ilis power in the ))ulpit is very great, and he is
much beloved by his people wherever he has been
pastor. He was for several years connected with
the editorial department of the Biiplixl Courier.

Strongf, Augustus H„ D.D., was born in Roches-
ter, N. y., Aug. 3, 183IJ. His father, Alvah Strong,
was a journalist, and for several years )inblished
the Bochester Daily J>t'iiirirriit. He was gradinited
from Yale Colh-ge in 18.")7. He was ciinvcrled
while in his'Juidor year in college, and baptized
into the fellowship of the First Baptist church
of llochester. Aftc'r leaving Yale College he en
tered the Kocl](!ster Theological Seminary, where he
closed his course of study in 185'J. lie then went
abroad, pursuing his studies in the German uni-

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f^TunnFAiv

1110

SUMNER

vorsities, ainl travcliuj;; in lMini|ie and tliu Eiist.
For :i short time lie preaclied as a ,sii|iply for tlie
Nortli Baptist clmroli of Cluea;^o. In ISGl ho .set-
tled as pastor of the Tirst Baptist clnirch of llaver-

AUGUSTUS H. STRONG, D.D.

hill. Mass., wliero Ke was ordained. In 1805 he ac-
cepted the pastorate of the First Baiitist clnirch of
Cleveland, 0. While there he received the lioncir-
nry dcj^ree of Dnetor of Divinity from Brown Uni-
vcr.>jity. After seven years of successful labor there,
his manifest ability as a preacher, and his well-
known theological learning, secured for him an
election as president and Professor of Theology in
the Rochester Theological Seminary, which posi-
tion he holds at the present time. He i.s the author
of ulile articles on " Fhilosopliy and Ueligiiui" in
the Baptist Quailerly, also " Miracles as an Attes-
tation of Divine Revelation," and on "The Will
in Theology,'' besiiles numerous contributions on
theology, church polity, and education in the
weekly religious journals of the Baptist denomi-
nation, lie is a man to whom the [lulilic have
acceded a rcmarkalile litness for the high position
which he fills. The young men who come out
from that institution show his training hand and
the careful instruction in theology so much needed
by the mirii.stry.
Stubbert, Rev. John Roman, son of Jolm and

Ann Stuliheit, was burn on Bnulardie, island of
Cape Breton, April H, 1838. His parents were at
first devout members of the Church of Kngland,
but finally became distingui.shed jiioneor I'aplisis
on the island. Hi.s father, at first an opposcr of

the Baptists, was changcil in views and feelings by
hearing Rev. John Hull, and among these the
once despised became •' mighty in the .Scriptures
and in prjiyer." John R., after the strictest moral
training at home, began his stu<iies in a normal
school, and then for three years alternated lietween
toaehing and colportage. In 18(17 he entered Aca-
dia College, and gradiniteil in I.S7I, )ir(.'achiiig
during his vacations; entered Newton Theological
Institution, Mass., and graduated in I.S74; pro-
posed to lie a missionary in China, and was re-
ceived by the American Baptist Jlissionary Union,
but was finally induced to settle with the Second
Bafitist church of Sullield, Conn., and was ordained
July 2, 1874 : in the following winter was blessed
with a powerful revival, and baptized 'JO per-
sons; was elected a trustee of the Connecticut Lit-
erary Institution, and also a trustee of the Connec-
ticut liaptist State Convention and of the Baptist
Education Society ; was the first secretary of the
Baptist Centennial Comniittee in Connecticut in
187.'); has been a leader in temperance societies.

Sturgiss, Rev, C. F., for many years pastor at;
Carlowville, Ala., and other churches of that part
of the State, was distinguished for his learning, ex-
tensive culture, eminent piety, and thorough gospel
preaching. He occupied a position with the first
men of the State. He was author of a prize essay
on " The Duties of Masters to their Servants,"
which had a wide circulation in book form, lie
died only a few years since.

Sumner, M. T., D.D., was born in IMassachu-
setts, Sejit.G, ISb*) ; graduated at Hrown University
in the class of 1838 ; removed to Virginia in Feb-
ruary, 1840; ordained, by request of the Second
Baijtist church in Richmond, in May, 1843. From
1840 to 1850 engaged in teaching in Richmond and
preaching to three churclii'S in the country, and in
1850 devoted all his time to the work of the minis-
try. In January, 1854, accepted the agency of the
American Tract Society for Virginia and the Dis-
trict of Columbia, and Jan. 1, 1858, entered upon
the duties of corresponding secretary of the Domes-
tic Mission Board of tlie Southern Baptist Conven-
tion, at Marion, Ala. In 1875 resigned this posi-
tion and entered upon the duties of president of
Judson Female Institute, which he licld for one
year, and, retiring from this position, he occupied
the post of agent for the Southern Baptist Theo-
logical Seminary about two years, and then about
the same length of time he acted as agent of the
American Baptist I'ublication Society. April 1,
1880, he resigned all agency work, and accepted
the pastorate of the Baptist church in Athens,
Ala., with encouraging prospects. In all these im-
portant positions the labors of Dr. Sumner wore at-
tended with success. Ituring the seventeen years
that ho had charire of the home mission interest

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SUNDAY-SCHOOL

1120

SUNDA Y-SCno ULS

of Southern Baptists lio wielded a ooiiiiiuuiding
inlliieiiei; over the entire SuiiLJi on tliis aiiljjeet.

Sunday-School Hymns.—" [-el me Imnisli u
nation with its sungs and 1 will goveni if is an
aphoristic expresnion, and liistory furnishes innu-
merable instanees of tlio influence upon human
thought and feeling of the .sungs. an<l ballads of
the peuple. From the earliest jieriods until the
present, triumphant hymns or solemn reiiuiems
have been used to express the emotions of joy or
sorrow. This is especially true of the Christian
era, and the Magnificat of Mary, the " Peace on
eartii" of the angels, and the Te Deum have en-
joyed centuries of po[iularity, and the followers of
Christ through all the ages have found expression
for their soul exercises in psalms, hymns, and
spiritual songs. To the ciuints of the early Chris-
tians have been added the more modern productions
so largely used in our churches. None are so susceji-
tible to the influences of music and poetrj' as cliil-
dren and youth, nor so long retain the first im-
pressions conveyed through their use. The songs
of childhood often last for life, and frequently in
after-years they are the means of expressing the
emotions and experiences of maturity. They thus
liave an incalculable value in moulding ciiaracter,
and the writers of the best hymns for children have
an influence that cannot be overestinnited. Leaders
of the young have more fully realized this since
the development of the Sunday-school movement,
and gradually there has been provided a literature
esiiocially for this service. At first the " Hymns
and Divine Songs for Children" of Dr. Watts,
with its quaint little wood-cuts, was extensively
used, and, although the collection is now laid
aside, such hynnis as " How shall the young
secure their hearts?" "How doth the little bu.sy
bee," will continue their usefulness for years to
come. These simple songs have been gradually
supplanted by the songs of more recent writers,
wiio have attempted to embody Scriptural truths iu
a rhythmical form. To this class belong " There is
a liappy landj' by Andrew Young, " I think when I
read that sweet story of old," by Mrs. Luke, " Little
travelers Zionward," Ileber'a "From Greenland's
icy mountains," and many others equally well
known. More recently some of these have been
partially obscured by a flood of productions, many
of which have no merit either of doctrine or
poetry. Their numbers have been legion, but one
after another has faded from memory, while tho
worth of the best hymns of tlie olden and present
time is being more universally recognized and ac-
knowledged. Activity in the production of Sunday-
school music has especially manifested itself within
the last twenty years, and it is asserted, ujidu ihe
authority of the publisliers, that five bojiks pre-
pared by one editor attained a firculation, up to

1SG8, of over two million copies. Since that dato
tho sale of this class of books has aggregated
17,01)0,(100. Of the hymns that will remain from
this multitude are many admirable productions of
P. P. Bliss, Miss llavergai, the Baptist brethren
Lowry, Doane, the Itev. J. 11. Uilmore, and others.
The beautiful hymn " He leadeth me," belonging
to this class of authors, was composed by Prol.
Oilmore in the parlor of the venerable deacon,
Thos. Wattson, after a service in the First Baptist
church, Philadelphia.

In the service of song there has been an increas-
ing desire manifested to bring the Sunday-schiml
into closer connection with the worship in the sajic-
tuary. The Oethsenume Baptist church of Phila-
delphia has recently had organized from their
school a choir of several hundred voices, which
forms a chorus in the pulilic services of the church.
Thus the work of the teachers may be directed by
a faithful Christian minister, and young hearts
may be led to sing from experience,

*'Ti8 religion ttmtcnii give
Sweele^it pli-aeiiio wiiilu we livo."

. Sunday-Schools.— ?'/(« origin, in some form, of
Sunday-schools may be traced back to an early date.
It appears, however, that from the time of the Ref-
ormation Christian people have at different periods,
though withoutconeerted action ororganizedsystem,
given attention to Bible instruction for theyoung on
the Lord's day. The schools of Luther were held
seven days in the week, and especially provided
for religious instruction on Sunday. John Knox
introduced into Scotland a system of Sunday-
schools, and C. S. Kalinesque asserts tliat they
have existed in Italy for centuries. In America,
the early history of New England shows the re-
ligious training of the children sujiplemenled by
the weekly instruction of the minister, and it is
asserted, on credible authority, that in 1740 the
German Seventh-Day Baptists established a school
at Ephratah, Lancaster Co., Pa., which continued for
nearly forty years. A very great impetus was given
to the cause by tho organized efforts of tlie philan-
thropist, Robert Raikes, 17l50-17«5, who directed
the attention of Christians to its importance and
fornjed a systematic plan of teaching, the results
of which are apparent to-day. Scarcely less dis-
tinguished than Raikes was his contemporary, Wil-
liam Fox, a Baptist of London, who, at the same
period, established a Sunday-school at Clapham.
and who was greatly encouraged by correspond-
ence with Mr. Raikes. The Sunday-Scliool Society
of England, which is still a useful organization,
was tlie result of the labor of Mr. Fox.

The plan of instruction adopted by these' men
included jmid teachers and the use of the Bible as
a text-book in reading. The movement extended
throughout England until, in 17M0, there were

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SILYDA V-SCffOOLS

1121

SILYDA r-SCIIOOLS

300,000 scholars enrolled by the Sinuliiy-Seliool
Society. Tlio iritluenec wiis felt on llii'i siilc of the
Atlimlie, itiiil leil to the ri]rinit(i(in, in Jiiniiiiiy,
17'Jl, of the IMiiladi'lphia Society for tiie Sn|i|iiii't
nnd Institiitien of First-Day or Sunday-Sehuols.
In this couiiti'y, as in jMijrland, tlie liaptists have
heen iihrcatit with their bi-ethrcn of (pthcrMeniiiMi-
natl(jnH in )ii'oniotin^ the etiusc; ami in ibtahlishin^
scIiooIh. Annni;^ the oldest lia|itiht kcIkidIs having;
an unbroken history are the folhjwiny : the school
of the Second IJaptist ehurcli of 15alti]nure, organ-
ized in 1804 ; of the First Baptist clinreh of I'liila-
del|ihiii, instituted in ISly ; of the Oluirles Street
chnrcli, lioston, of the Oliver Street ehnreh, New
York, and of the Second Baptist church, I'hiladel-
])hia, founded in ISUi. 'I'wo Baptist niissiot\arics,
Messrs. l-'eck and Welch, established the first Sun-
day-school west (if the Mississippi River. A Baptist
teacher, Miss Harriet E. Bishop, gathered the first
school of the kind in the extreme Northwest, in
wliat is now St. Paul, Minn. From these early
elforts the Baptist schools of America Inive grown,
until they number, so far as reported, over 13,4'J3,
with ll(J,35r)ollicers and teachers and l,0l)0,(H)O
Bchohirs. Ever}' State in the Union is represented
in this grand total, and who can estimate its steady
influence upon society in its inculcation of Chris-
tian doctrine, and in training the young in the
path of virtue?

The si/slem of iiislructioii in the schools, as well
as their increase in numbi.'rs, has been the result
of a gradual growth and development. From the
first these schools were supplied by voluntary teach-
ers, actuated by a desire for the promotion of the
religious education of the young. Tlie pupils were
boys and girls who understood the rudiments of
English, and the text-books were the Old and the
New Testament, supplemented in some eases by the
Catechism. After a few years an infant class was
organized for those of teniler years, and still more
recently an adult department has been added for
men and'wonieu. The sohoids .are in most cases
attached to churches, thougii maintaining a volun-
tary organization, somewhat informal in character,
and are generally managed by the ollicers and
teachers as tlu^y may best det(;rmine, without the
formal control and direction of the church. As the
first schools were of an isolated character-, there
was no uniformity in the manner of teaching or
in the selection of subjects. In both these particu-
lars a very great change lias been gradually effected.
Tlie infant department in the best schools is now
under the care of a teacher and assistants, who do
pend largely for the means of impressing truths
upon the hearts of the little ones on object teaching.
The blackboard and printed sketches are used to
depict Bible scenes or illustrate Scripture te.xts,
■and these are su|)n!cniented by the singing of

sacred songs especially intended to teacli important
truths. In the intiu'mediate department the young
of bdth sexes gath(a' in little grou))S or classes
about teachers who often !ire familiar with the
e\cry-day life of their scholars, and visit them
on week-days in their homes, and who endeavor to
imju'css more deeply, if pussilile, the truth learned
on the Lord's day, by the inllucnce of (heir daily
life. The adult department consists of men and
women who, either in classes or as a congrega-
tion, are led in Bible study by a person of tludr
own selection. A modern Sunday-school repre-
sents, and fi'ecpiently contains, an entire family
stu<lying God's Word.

'I'lic liieriilure of the sdmul bus been created to
sujiply the demands of experience in the service.
Since the formation of the American Baptist Publi-
cation Socic^ty it has been the great Sunday-school
society of the Baptist denomination. The adojition,
a few years ago, of a system of uniform lessons for
the use of all the Protestant denominations rendered
it possible and necessary to issue periodical litera-
ture containing the best thoughts of Biblical stu-
dents upon the selected topics. The Biqilist Taicher,
Lesson Papers, Our Yuuiuj People, Our Little Ones,
and other publications of a similar character are
very important and valuable assistants to teachers.
These yiapcrs are not merely sold to schools able
to purchase, but are carried by the colporteurs of
the society and freely distributed to needy schools
in destitute localities. The volumes re)iorted in
the libraries of the Baptist sclmols of America in
1S70 amounted to 91)5,000. This vast aggregate
may contain thousands of books wdiose influence
may be of a negative character, and to remedy this
as far as possible the Publication Society is con-
tinually issuing works especially intended for
libraries, and furnishing books by other publishers
that have been examined by a careful committee.
The Baptist Sunday-school work to-day is well
organized, and engages the warm sympathies of
thousands of men and women who are looking
forward with the hopeful anticipation that the
Lord niay greatly increase their number and their
usefulness, and bless the work to the spiritual ad-
vantage of the people.

Sunday-Schools, Infant— Previous to 1829, so
far as can be ascertained, no regular provision
was made in Sunday-schools for the care and in-
struction of children who were too young to study
lessons, though frequently such children were
present with older brothers or sisters. But in the
latter part of that year a beginning was made,
which resultcid in a very general establishment of
infant classes in connection with Sabbath-schools.
It happenc<i ii) this way. A year or two previous
two infant week-day schools were opened in Boston,
designed for children from two to live years old,

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SUNDA y-SCHOOLS

1122

SUiXDERLAXD

whose mothers were eiiiployed uway from liome
during the ilay. One of thi'se \v;i,s in chari;L'
of Miss M. V. Bali, wlicj is Ktill well Utiowm in
lio^ton as an activi' worker lin- the IJaplist Uetlicl

FlKbT INFANT SUN llA V->( lliiol,, IIKST llAl'IIST CIlUIUll, UOSTON
(Fac-aidiiiu ut tho oiigiiml ungruviiij^,)

and otlier charities, and the other was in care of
Miss Caroline Blood, now wife of llev. Jnliiis A.
Heed, of Coknnbus, Neh. The exercises consisted
of inarchin;:;, singing;, teaciiing by the use of various,
objects, including [liotures, wliich were exiilained
by the teachers, and questions were asked which
were answered in concert by tlic little ones.

A printer's a|i|ircnticc, Henry J. IIowb\nd,
having occasion to visit one of these schools, became
interested in the exercises, and Ijeing at tlie time
tlie teacher of a class of boys in the First Baptist
.Sabbath-school in Boston, the idea occurreil to
liini that Scriptural teaching and singing would in-
terest young children in the Sabbath-school ; and,
liaving borrowed some of the pictures, he explained
the matter at a teachers' meeting, and proposed its
adoption. It was at once sanctioned, and Mr.
Ilowland was appnirited to form and instruct the
new class.

In Deceiiiber, 1829, twenty small children were
led to tho gallery of the First Baptist meeting-
house in Boston, and, with the aid of a few pictures
representing Bible subjects, the attempt was made
to instruct them. As lu) lesson liook adajited to
such a clasa was to be found, the exercises con-
sisted in repeating in concert simple hymns, sing-
ing the same, listening to Bible stories, illustrated
by the pictures, aiul answering questions relating
to them. The instruction was rep(^ated till each
lesson was well understood l)y the children. Men-
tion was mailc o( the ni'W systiuu in the Sundiiij-
Schoul Treasury and other publications, and many

similar classes were formed. In(|uiry was made
for lessons and pictures. In June fciUowing the
lessons prepared by .Mr. Ilowland, with brief in-
structions fur Miaiiagement, were puljlislied in Wor-
cester, in a small volume
entitled " liCssons for
Infant Sabliath- Schools,
with a Plan for Conduct-
ing an InlimtClass." This
is believed to have been
the first publication of the
kind in existence. A sec-
ond edition was called for
tlie following winter,
which was btevcotyped,
and Ijfn-e on its title-page
the name of the author.
Eight or ten editions were
printed and sold before it
was superseded by the
numerous lesson books
since published. The plan
of instruction asoriginally
)U'a<'tiseil by Mr. Ilowland
is still pursued by the best
primary Suiulay-seliool in-
structors, with very little variation, except in the
vastly improveil helps that are now so numerous.

It is interesting to know that the man who com-
menced this glorious work among the little ones is
a Baptist, and that he is still living in Worcester,
Mass.

Sunderland, Rev. James, was born Dec. 16,
1834, near Ilaworth, Yorkshire, England. His
father emigrated to America in 1.S44, and settled
at Busti, Chautauqua Co., N. Y. A few years
later he died, leaving his family with exhausted
resources. There were five children, of whom
James was the oldest. Both father and mother
were devout Christians, members of the Wesleyan
Methodist Church. One of the sons is now Bev.
J. T. Sunderland, of Ann Arlior, Mich., and one
of the daughters is Mrs. J. E. Clough, of the
Teloogoo. Jlission. James Sunderland was con-
verted in \9'f>2, and baptized by Bev. David Ber-
nard. He taught school jiart of the time from 18.5.3
to 18.55. In the sjiring of 1855 he went West, and
settled at Strawberry Point, Clayton Co., Iowa,
lie engaged mainly in teaching and mercantile
pursuits till 1800. Among his [.upils was J. E.
Clough, now of the Teloogoo Mission. In the
winter of 18()0 he taught in Jamestown, N., Y.

The question of duty in regard to prcacliing,
which had been )iressing him I' a- years, was de-
cided while still engaged in teaching. In l.'^G2 he
became pastor of the Strawberry Point church. He
remained on the field till November, 180(1, and or-
ganized churches at Volga City and York. He was

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SUSPEXSIOK

1123

Sir ATM

l(i\v;i 15;i|)list Sundiiy-Sflioiil Union, und .sdved in
tluit position for six yoai'S. Ini|i;iirL'd lu'iiltli coiii-
|}eiled liiiii to leave tliu active piistorutc lor a time,
<liirini^ wliich lie scM'veil as tlie eliajilaii! of the Iowa
Stale Penitentiary at Fort Madison for.seven niontlis.
In tlie s|ii-ini;; of IS".') lie Iji'eanie |la^tol• ol' llie I>a)i-
tist eliureli at Ottnniwa, Iowa, and eontiiuied to
serve the eluirch live years. In October, I.S77, was
elected seeretai'y of the Iowa IJapti.st State Con-
vention, and is now giving liis entire time to tlie
duties of that position.
Suspension and Excommunication. — The two

methods of treatiiii,' olh.'ndi'rs in IJaptist ehnrches
in the days <d onr fathers were snspi.'iision from
tlie privileges of the idiiirch — that is, from the
Lord's Supper and from voting at church uieetlngs
for a limited time — and cxcoiunmnieation. The
former was resorted to for lighter oll'enscs which
hrought religion into disrepute, and it was regarded
as a very proper lorin of Cluirrh discipline.* It
is still in use in some of our churches; the latter
is the final resort of a gospel church when all Chris-
tian efforts fail. ^Vhcn flagrant dishonesty, or
adulter3', or murder is the crime proved against a
church inemher, no aiiiunnt of apparent sorrow
should hinder his immediate e.xpulsion. In all
(jrdinary eases, jireceding excommunication, the
guilty member should be visited by representatives
of the church and urged to repentance, and -when
ho still maintains a spirit of wicked indifference to
the claims of God, lie should he cited to appear at
a meeting of the church to show cause why he
siiould not be S-tcluded, and at it he should be
solemnly excommunicated.

SutclifFe, Rev. John, was Ijorn near Halifax,
England, Aug. 9, ITo-. Under the ministry of
Dr. Fawcett he was led to the Saviour when he
was about seventeen, and he united with the church
at Ilebden Bridge. By this church he was called
to the ministry and sent to Brist(d College. In
1770 lie became pastor of the church in Olney. It
was on his motion that the Northamptonshin; As-
Boeiation set apart an hour in the evening of the
first jNlonday of every month for special prayer for
the success of the gospel. In 17S9 he republished
Jonathan Edwards's '' Humble Attempt to Promote
Hxplieit Agreement and Visible Union among
(lod's People in Extraordinary Prayer for the Re-
vival of lleligion.'' This work at that time gave
great help to the convictions, which resulted in the
formation of the English Baptist JNIissionary So-
ciety. In a sermon preached atOlipstone in April,
17'JI, Mr. Sutcliire fanned t\w kindling missionary

* Trt!Kti8o on Cliincli Ilidciplino in tliu PhHudeIp>iJa Conrt-a.^ioii
of F;lUli of 174:i, pp. 'Jll, Jl.

Ilame in the hearts of his hearers. From tlni for-
mation of the society in 17'.lli no man, except Ful-
ler, riMidcrcd it nidder serviet^ until his death, Juno
122, 181-1. Fuller, Kyland, Sutidilfe, and Pearce
weri' the chief friends of fori'ign missitms in l''ng-
lan<l at a time when tlu;y were regarded with in-
credulous contempt.

Mr. Siitclill'e gathered a large and valuable li-
brary, wdiiidi he left to llorltm College. He was
full of gentleness, and of a devotional spirit. He
was among the best men that ever lived.

Sutton, Revs. David and John. — David was u
native of New Jersey, and received his I'arly edu-
cation at lIo|)Cwell Academy. Five brothers en-
tered the ranks of the l'>aptist ministry. David and
John rennived to the Ked Stone country, the former
settling on the Ten-Jlile lliver and the latter in
Fayette'County. The church, formerly known as
the Big liethid, now Uniontown. owes its origin
and very nimdi of its subseepuMit prosperity to
the labors of John. 'I'his church was the mother
of many other surrounding churches. David was
also signally blessed in his ministry. Th<' re'vivals
under the ministry of both men com|iare favorably
with those of the present day, and in depth of
feeling, strength of conviction, clearness in the
evidences of a sound conversion, combined with
permanent growth, are even more marked. A
stalwart class of Baptists to this day dwell in the
region once swayed by the teachings of Corbley,
Patton, the Suttons, and men of their distinctive
type of [Freaching.

At the time of their settlement the entire region
of the Red Stinie country was a wihlerness in its
moral and spiritual, as well as in its natural as-
pects. Great changes have occurred since that day.
The wilderness fairly blossoms, and we trust the
fruits of righteousness abound. The time of the
decease of these brothers is not known by the
writer, but the report is that it was •' about the
year ISOO."

Suydam, Asa, was bm-n near Flemingtnn, N. J.,
June 3, 182;'); baptizeil by Rev. C. W. Mulford at
Flemington, in January, 18-18. He is a jiractieal
farmer, a Bible-class teacher, a valuable helper in
the church, and devoted to public denominational
interests. He is treasurer of the New rierscy Bap-
tist State Convention.

Swaim, Samuel Budd, D.L., was bom in Pem-
berton, N. J., June 23, 18U9. A part of his pre-
paratory studies he pursued at 'Washington, D. C,
where he entered Columbian College in 182G. He
completed his college course at lirown University,
graduating in tin; class of 18.'i(l. He went through
the Newton Theological Institution, and was or-
dained in Haverhill, Mass. Five years of bis life
were spent in dilfi'rcnt localities, one of them in
Granville, 0., as an instructor in theology in the

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11124

,S'IIM.V

college in that |)laee. In 183S he was called to tiic
First I5aptist chuvcll in Worcestcv, Mass. lie was
in the prime ol' his life ami iiscf'nliioss, and the six-
teen years ul' his [lastorate over that struni; chureli
developed and ri|)ened hi.s uwn pmvers, wliile they
made his inlliieriee largely iell in the eommunity
in which he lived. The long strain npon his
nervous system cumpelled him to resign his eharge
in Worcester. He accepted a call to the Baptist
church in West Oamln-idge, where he lahored for
eight years, and tlien, in 1S(J2, he acted as secre-
tary I'or Now England of the American Baptist
Home Missionary Society. Brown University, of
which he was a trustee for eiglueen years, con-
ferred upon him the Imnorary degree of Doctor of
Divinity in 1857. Dr. Swaim died in C'anihridge,
^lass., Feb. 3, 1SI)5. lie was a man of a strong,
vigorous mind, one of the ablest of New Fngland
Baptist ministers.

Swaim, Judg'e Thomas, was born Dec. '1%
178.3, near I'iseataway, N. J. (as is sup|)Oseil) ; lost
his father in childhood; 8|ient his youth at Con-
nellsville, Pa., where, at eighteen, ho was baptized
by Rev. Wm. Parkinson, of New York City, then
on an evangelizing tour among those new settle-
ments in Western Pennsylvania. At twenty-one
he settled at Pembertun, N. J. (then called New
Mills), began business for himself, and united with
the Baptist church tliere. Hero he resided sonie
fifty-five years, acquired property, became a prom-
inent man in the- county of Burlington, anif for
about thirty years was one of the judges of tlie
County Court, — for a large part of the time its
presiding olliccr. His decisions were seldom re-
versed. He lived to see the beginning of the civil
war, and was deeply concerned for the perpetuity
of the Union and the preservation of our institu-
tions. Being a devoted and earnest Christian, he
was early chosen deacon, and held that office till
his death. Well grounded in the cardinal truths
of the gospel under the preacliingof Daniel Dodge,
John Rodgers, and other prominent ministers of
that day, a positive man of strong convictions, he
"contended earnestly for the faith once delivered
to the saints.'' Through life his house was a wel-
come stopping-place for ministers of the gospel.
lie took a leading part in the support of the gospel
at home and in the benevolent enterprises of the
denomination. He ardently espoused the cause of
faithful versions of the Bible, and was a warm
supporter and vice-president of the American Bible
Union. After sulfering long, he died triumphantly
Scjit. 15, I8G1. He gave two sons to the ministry,
Samuel Swaim, D.D., long a pastor in Massachu-
setts, now deceased, and Thomas Swaim, D.D.,
formerly pastor at Flemington, N. J., and now
(1881)) district secretary of the American Baptist
Home Mission Society nt Philadelphia.

Swaim, Thomas, D.D., was born at Pember-
ton, N. J., March 31), 1817; entered Brown Uni-
versity, but graduated from Madison University in
18-14, and from llamlllon Theological Senunary in
184G; was ordained in November, 1840, and settled
with the church at W^asliingtcjii, Pa. After fouryeai s
of successful labor he accepted the agency of the
American Baptist Missionary Union for six months,
at the end of wdiich service he became |)astor at
Flemington, N. J., where he remained for sixteen
years. During this pastorate nearly 3U() were bap-
tized, and a new and larger meeting-house was builr.
In 1867 he accepted the financial secretaryship of
the New Jersey Classical and Scientific Institute
at Ilightstown. In 18G8 he became district secre-
tai'y of the American Baptist Home Mission So-
ciety, with headquarters at Philadelphia, which
position ho now holds. The degree uf D.D. was
conferred, in 1865, by the university at Lewisburg.

Dr. Swaim is an able preacher of the New Testa-
ment, and strong in his defense of Bible doctrines
as held by the denomination. 'J'o the work in
which he is now engaged he gives his undivided
energies, and zealously labors to secure for the
society the largest share of the sympathies and
contributions of the ehurehes.

Swan, Rev. Jabez Smith, the distinguished
evangelist of Connecticut, son of Joshua and Esther
(Smith) Swan, was born in Stonington, Conn., Feb.
23, 1800; had good early advantages; aided as
powder-boy in the defense of Stonington, Aug. 9
and 10, 1814; removed with his parents to Lyme,
Conn., about 181G ; converteil at the age of twenty-
one, — a deep experience; baptized by Rev. Wni.. Pal-
mer; felt called to preach ; licensed in May, 1822;
studied at Hamilton Literary and Theological Insti-
tution, N. Y. : settled with Stonington Borough
Baptist church. Conn., and was ordained June 20,
1827; began as an evangelist; settled in Norwich,
N. Y., in 1830; greatly blessed in preaching far
and near; settled with Baptist church in Preston,
N. Y., in 1837; prospered in revivals around;
in 1840 settled with churcli in Oxford, N. Y.,
and prospered ; returned to Connecticut in 1842,
and conducted remarkable meetings at Stonington
Borough, Mystic Bridge, and New Lomlon, also in
Albany, N. Y. ; in 1843 settled with First Baptist
church in New London, Conn. ; great blessings
followed; preached widely as an evangelist, going
even to Charlestown, Mass. ; in 1848 settled with
High Street church in Albany, N. Y. ; in 1849 re-
turned to New Loudon, ("(jnn., and became first
|iastor of Huntington Street eliurch ; another pow-
erful revival ; labored in Providence, R. I. : in 1858
settled with Second cliurch in New London ; al-
ways going out as an evangelist; bi'gan in 1860
as a State missionary with Rev. i\I. L. Shailer;
greatly blessed through the State; again labored as

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1125

SWANZKV

tvaiigolist in New Ycirk Stiite ; set tic J with Blip-
list clmrcli in 'Watevfuvd, (.,'01111. ; sulli;rfd IVoiii
overwoi-tc from \S-12 ilnwii to his last chiir;;e ; pow-
erl'iil ill his Kcnnoiis and in luhlro.sscs ; :i niii^lity

RKV. JAIIF.Z SMITH S\»'.\N.

man in pra^'cr ; stronc; mlvooate of education and
missions ; the most powerful ]ireaciier as an evan-
gelist ever known in Connecticut. A sketch of his
"Life and Labors," an octavo, was putilished in
1873, pre)iared for the press by Rev. F. Denison ;
more than liJ,Oi}0 conversions occurred under his
ministry.

His son, Hev. Charles Y. Swan, ]).!)., a very able
and successful minister, died in ISSU. At tlu! time
of his decease he was the honored pastor of South
church in Newark, N. J.

Swan, Rev. Thomas, for many years the emi-
nent and MKL'essliil pastor of the Caniuni Street
chui'ch, liinuiiigiiaiii, i^nirlaud, was bnni at Man-
chester, Jan. 5, 17'Jo ; baptized iiy Uev. Christopher
Anderson at Edinburgh in 1S17 ; he was called to
the ministry, and entered Bristol College in 1821.
In 182.') ho proceeded to India to take part in the
work of Sorampore College, liut returned to Eng-
land by way of America in 1828. He settled at
liirmingham in the beginning of 182'J, and for
twenty-eight years held tlie pastorate of the Can-
non Street church. During that period he baptized
900 persons, a yearly average of nearly thirty-live.
He died on March 'J, 1857, and was buried at liir-
mingham amidst a large concourse of friends and
fellow-citizens. It is recorded of him that he al-
ways read his sermons. His pastoral care of the

large congregation was a remarkable characteristic
of his career.

Swanzey Church is the oldest Baptist cliurch
in Massachusetts, and only twenty-four ycar.s
younger tlian the First Baptist church in Provi-
dence, 11. I., — the one having been formed in 1C39
and the other in 1003. The fuuudcr of the ehureli
was Uev. John Miles, wlaj came with a colony from
Swansea, in ^V^lles, and settled in a section of what
was then Kelioboth, but subsequently was set off,
and received the name of Swanzey, in memory of
the home from which many of its settlers came.

The Swansea church of \Vales, IVom which the
members of the Swanzey, jSIass., church cliiclly
came, bringing the old churcli records with tliein, in
1003, was founded in 1049, and at one time was in
a highly prosperous condition, liaving on the roll
of its members the names of 205 perscjiis. The
" Aetof Uniformity," passed in the reign of Charles
[I., in 1002, which ex|)ellcd 201)0 ministers from
their ehurclies, reached the somewhat secluded
Welsh town of Swansea, and Mr. Miles went into
exile, many of liis Hock following him to this
country, and settled, as has already l.iccii said, in
what is now known as Swanzey, Mass., and entered
into church relations there in 1003. He look a
deep interest in ids brethren who were called to
suffer persecution for their religious opinions. It
is said that ''he labored frecpiently with his breth-
ren in Boston in the tinieof Iheir trials, and atone
period it was projiosed that he should become their
pastor. Beingoiice brought before the magistrate for
preaching, lie requested a Bible, and opened to these
words in Job : '■ But ye should say, Why persecute
we him ? seeing the root of the matter is in me,"
which, having read, he sat down, and such an effect
had the sword of the Spirit that he was afterwards
treated with moderation if not with kindness.
''What li'.w sketches have been preserved of his
life," says l)r. Benedict, "go to show that he bore
an excellent character, and was eminently useful
in his day." He died Feb. 3, 1()83. He was suc-
ceeded )jy Uev. Samuel Luther, who had represented
the town of Swanzey in the State Legislature. Ho
was ordained pastor of the church July 22, 1085.
''He was much esteemed," says Backus, "both at
home and abroad." His ministry continued thirty-
two years, his death occurring in 1717. For thirteen
years Uev. Ephraim Wheaton had been a colleague
with Mr. Luther, and on the decease of his vener-
able associate he became solo pastor of the church.
His ministry was much blesseil to the spiritual
jirosperity of the church. It was ended by his
death in 1734. Uev. Samuel MaxwcU, who had
been colleague with Mr. Wheaton for a few months,
t(pok his jjlaco on his decease ; but becoming a
Seventh-Day Baptist, he resigned his |iastorate
after a few years. The ne.\t pastor was Uev. lien-

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SiVARTZ

1126

SWEDEN

jaiiiiii IIui-iiiii;tun, in ullico u lew yc;ir.<, iiml left
iiniier ii oluiul ol' siis|iicioii rustiii;^ on liis ulmractur.
Kuv. Jalii!'/. Wood was tlii; iioxt iiiiiii.stLT, cuiitiiui-
ing in ollicie aliuiit thirty years, ami was rulloucil
liy Kev. Cliarles Tlionipsun, a sketcli ui' whose lilV-
will Ije f'ounil in this vohniio. Tiiu church had a
lar^i! nuMilior of pastors and sn|}|ili«s lor (|nitu a
tin 111 ol' years, until wc come down to lS,;i;, when
Dr. Ahial I'isher was chosen pastor and held the
o/lice Cor ten years. A\'e thus l)ri:ig the histoiy ol'
this ancient church down to 1846, where we leave
it. Like all the old towns in the eastern section
of Massachusetts, Swanzey has suH'cied from the
removal of its inhahitants to other places, hut still
the old ehurcli maintains its visihie existence, and
[jreserves the purity of its ancient faith and order.

Swartz, James S., was born in .Montgomery
Co., I'a., March 21, 1841); was bapti/.ed at Falls
of SchuylUill, Philadelphia, by Jlev. N. J. Clark,
March 21, 1858 ; is still connected with the church
at Falls of Schuylkill, and has for a number of
years been the ellicient superintendent of tin; Sun-
day-school. He is also treasurer of the I'liiladel-
]iliia IJaptist Association, and prominently con-
nected with the maiuigement of city and State
mission work, lie is a man of marked integrity
and intelligence.

Sweden, the Baptists in. — A young Swedish
sailor, by the name of W. Schroeder, was one Lord's
day morning led to the Ba|)tist iMariners' church in
New York, then uiider the care of Kev. I. K. Stew-
ard, lie had been converted during his voyage to
the United States. On that Saljbath morning two
sailors were baptized by Mr. Steward. It was the
first time that iMr. Schroeilerever saw the ordinance
of baptism. After a few weeks he was baptized
himself.

On his return to Sweden he nu^t a Swedish sailor
by the name of F. 0. Nilson, who was laboring in
that country as a missionary among sailors, under
the patronage of the Seamen's Friend Society of
New York. Through a remark make by Mr.
Schroeder Mr. Nilson was led to investigate the
subject of baptism. In July, 1847, ho also was
baptized, l)y llev. J. G. C)ncken in Hamburg. On
the 21st of September, 1848, his wife and four
others were baptized in the Kattegat, near (jottcTi-
burg, by a Baptist missionary from Denmark, and
the same evening the lirst l?aptist church in Swe-
den was organized. It consisted of six members.
.Mr. Nilson went around jireaching and baptizing
until the number of baptized believers was lil'ty-
two.

Hut tliis could not be alloweil l)y the Lutheran
Romanism of Sweden. (Jonsequently, Mr. Nilson
received sentence of banishment in July, ISol, and
was obliged to seek refuge in Denmark. In conse-
quence of bitter persecution the majority of the

church emigrat(Ml to America in the spring of'

Tlie Uaptist.s who reuniined suffered severe yicr-
secution, being often lined and biuught behire the
Consistory, the Inquisition of the Lutheran Church
in Sweden, on a charge of not having had tiieir
chihhvm baptized, and of falling away from ihe
orthodox faith.

While these ell'orts were made tn crush the move-
ment ill the south of Sweden, a new interest was
springing up in tlie northern [lart of the country.
A few persons in Stockholm who had been brought
to a saving knowledge of Christ had begun to en-
tertain doubts as to the validity of infant baptism.
Among these was a furrier named D. Forsell. Just
at this time, Andrew Wiberg, whose name is fa-
miliar to American 15a|itists, was, in the providence
of (ioil, led to Stockholm, and his name has since
then been identilied not only with the l)a|itist move-
ment in Sweden, but with all (Jhristian work. Horn
in the north of Sweden in 1817, he commenced his
career as a clerk in a store, Ijut his love for books
soon led him to abandon this occupation and to
devote himself to study. As a student, he embraced
skeptical ideas, liut some one made the remark
to him once that the Bible after all might be true,
and, if so, it would be a fearful thing to fall into
the hands of the living God. This remark left him
dissatisfied with his ske|itical views, and that awful
" if" haunted him night and day. S>) intense were
his feelings that he had no peace until he f(junil
jioace in Christ ; this took place in 1842. In the
following year he was ordained as a clergyman of
the Lutheran Church, and he remained as a min-
ister in that church until 1849. During this time
he preached Christ and him crucified fearlessly and
faithfully, not only in the pulpits of the state
church, but in obscure villages and fariii-liouses in
the country, and the Lord blessed his labors to the
salvation of many. But the relation with the state
church troubled him, and in 1849 he resigned his
office. In bSTiU he traveled from tlie north of Swe-
den to Stockholm. There he met with those breth-
ren who were ex<u-cised on the subject id" baptism.
In 1851 he accompanied .Mr. Forsell to Hamburg,
where he met with the brethren J. G. Onckeii and
J. Kiibner, with wlioin he entered into earnest dis-
cussions on the subject, but continued firm, in his
belief in infant baptism. On his return to Stock-
holm he began to study the subject thoroughly.
The result was that ho became convinced that the
immersion id' believers was the only Scriptural
baptism, and, accordingly, he wrote his lirst work
on baptism, an octavo volume id' o'M) pages, which
was published in Upsala m 1852.

His health having failed, a sea-voyage was rcc- ■
omuiended Ijy his physician, lie left Stockholm
for the United States, July 17, 1852. The vessel

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SWJ'WKN

1127

SWEDEN'

8top|i('il iit the isliiiiii 111' AnKii;i.T, iH'ar Ouiiciiliaiieii,
anil lioru jMj-. Wil)org was liaptizoil in the IJiillio,
on July 2.J, hy F. 0. Nilsoii. He reiniiiucJ two
yciii'S ill Aincrioii. Duiiiii^ this tiiiio the religions
movement was makinj; eonhidevable |)i-oj5res.s in
Sweden. There was also an interest awakened
aiwonj^ the Christians in Ameriea fur Sweden. In
Aiignst, ISO'i, Mr. AVilierj; received an a|i|ioiut-
nient from the Ameriian liaptist J'uhlieatJon So-
ciety to labor as aii|ierintcndent of missionary work
in Sweden. On the evening of Aug. 23, 1855, a
farewell meeting was held at the Fifth churoli,
Sanson) Street, Pliiladelpliia, at wliich he was )iub-
liely set apart for the work, and at tlie same lime
united in marriage to Miss Caroline Lintemuth,
who was a member of that eluireh and a faithful
laborer in tiic Samlay-scliool. During licr twenty-
five years of missionary labor in Sweden, Mrs. Wi-
berg has, under many dilliculties and hardsliips,
I'aithfully and, we nuiy also say, lieruieally stood by
the side ol' lier husliand as a true, loyal helper in
his missionary work.

During Mr. Wiberg's absence from Sweden the
work tliere bad increased year liy y(;;ir. 'I'lie treat-
ise on ))aptism, which he wrote in 1S52, had Ijeen
published and extensively eircuhited, and created
a great sensation. 15y reading it many were con-
vinced of the truth with regard to Ijaptism, and
wished to be liaptizeil. As there was no one to
administer the ordinance, IJrcjther 1*. F. Ilcjden-
berg went to Ilanjburg in the spring of 1851, ami
was there baptized and ordained. On his return
to Sweden he baptized in dilfcrent parts of the
country a number of believers, ami, at tlie close of
the year, tliere were about "200 baptized converts.
The following year — 1.S55 — was marked by a still
greater increase, so that at its close the number
had increased to 500.

Hut the state church could not allow this move-
ment. Brother Ilejdenberg was withui a short
].ieriod summoned si-xtoen times to appear before
judicial tribunals to answer the charge of having
lielil religious meetings contrary to law, and lie re-
ceived eight in]|)risonmcnts, each lasting from two
to fourteen days. In the same year persecution
was carried on in several provinces of the country.
Thus, <".;/., Brother D. Forsell was sentenced to a
fine of 100 crowns for preaching the gospel, and
o crowns in addition for violation of the Salibatli
in ]ireaching on Sunday.

On their arrival in Stockholm, Mr. and Mrs.
Wiljcrg found a little bainl of 24 baptized be-
lievers. 'I'hc fn-st liaptist Snnclay-school in Swe-
den was upcni'd witii 22 children, which number
soon increased to 150.

In ISJf), Mr. Wiberg started a semi-monthly re-
ligions paper, called the Ecanijcli.'it. In the same
year tlie Missionary Union of Stockholm was

formed, and foui' evangelists sent out into the
field. Great good has been done through this and
other similar .societies allcrwards lormed in diller-
cnt jHirts of the country.

At the close of 1S50 there were 21 Baptist
churches in the country, with 'Jlil members and
21 preachers. As the cause ]irogressed persecu-
tion grew fiercer, and fines and imjirisonincnl.s
were reported almost every week. Some jicrsoTis
even died from barbarous punisliment. The bil-
lowing year 12'J2 were baptized, and at the clo>e
of the year we had 2105 churcli members, 4 5
churches, and 44 )ireachcrs.

Even in this _v>-'i"' severe jierseculion ccuilinued
to rage, especially in the south ol Sweden. There
the authorities seized upon our Baptist preachers
and imprisoned them whenever they found them
outside tlie limits of their own parish. Six of our
brethren were at one time illl|pri.^oned in solitary
conliiieinent at Christiaiistad, and some were
treated most barbarously. One of them, a blind
evangelist, was confined in this |irison eight days
for having circulated religious books and tracts.
\V'hcn he was taken from prison an iron chain was
attached to one of his ankles, and he was then
taken in a prison-van to another station, where
new irons were [lut upon him. In this condition
ho was sent back to his home, and compelled to
pay a considerable sum of mOiiey. As he had no
money of his own, they took what he had received
from the sale of books, and also a watch w liich he
wore, but which was not his own. Another evan-
gelist and colporteur was seized, severely beaten,
strip|ied of his clothing, thrown into cold water,
had his liair cut close to his head, was dressed in
a thin prisoner's dress, and then cast into a damp
cell in the cold season of the year, 'f here he was
seized with an illness, from wdiich he never fully
recovered.

In the following year — 1858 — our membership
increased to 3487 in G'J churches.

At this time a young nobleman by the name of
A. Drake, who had studied for the ministry at the
University of Upsala, joined our denomination.
lie has since proved to be one of " llic excellent
of the earth," working most faithliilly and elli-
ciently as an editor of our denominational paper.
The ]Vci'khj Past, and as a teacher in our theologi-
cal seminary, not to mention his work in many
other branches of Christian enterprise.

As the meeting-house of the Baptists in Stock-
holm had for a long time been loo .■<mall to contain
all who attended worship, and a.s the chureli in
Stockholm bad no means fur erecting a larger
house, I\Ir. 'W'ilierg undertook, in the year lS(il, u
journey to Kngland, and succeeded in collecting
XI 100. But as this sum was entindy too small to
jiislify an attempt to build, he, with Mrs. Wiborg,

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SWEDEN

1128

SWEET

left again in August, 1SC3, for Aniui-ica, to colUiot
for tiie saini; purposL'. 'J'liure tliey reccivL'd a
hearty welcoiiiu in nuiny )jlai;r.s and fruiji many
dear Christian 1'riiMul.s, who took a lively inturcsl
in tlio Swedisli INIission. Diirinij; their stay in
Anioriua thoy met .Mr. K. (). Itrciady, a Swede h)'
birth, who had studied for (he ministry at Mailisun
University, and afterwards served in the war.
They also met A. E. Edgren, U.l)., wlio had
studied at the same phiee, and served in tlie war.
Tliese brethren were, tu;;etiu'r with Mr. Wiberg,
appointed missionaries to Sweden, and sailed from
America the KUh of June, IS(JO. JMr. ]5roady has
.sinee then Ijeen hiborinj; as superintendent of our
theologieal seminary, established the sauie year,
and also as a |jrominent pireaeher. Dr. Edgren re-
turned in a few years to Amerioa, and has done a
good work as prineipal of the Seandinavian de-
partment in the liaptist Theoluuieal .Sennnary in
Chieago.

Tlie work iVoiu that time till now has wonder-
fully increased, so that the J4;iptists in .Sweden
number to-day about -0, DUO, united in 3(10 elm relies.
They have also many inissioiniry sneietlcs in dif-
ferent parts of the country. They have been the
pioneers of Sunday-school windc, ami they have
about 17,tHjO scholars in their Sundav-sehools, with
200U teachers. We have also, .aften- many dillicul-
ties, recently Inul a hymn-book prepared for our
den(milnatiun.

But, though ihe results of past labors are thus
far encouraging, very much remains to be done.
The country at large, though lunniinilly Protestant,
is still sunk in igaorarice, siipcrstition, bigotry, in-
tolerance, and vice. The 15a]itists in Sweden are
poor. Out of 3110 churches there are only five or
six who can support their own ministers, and the
prospect for our young men who go out from our
theological seminary is certainly not very bright.
We have also, as yet,, the same opposition and the
same persecution to contend against. Only a few
days ago a young, earnest, and gooil Haptist min-
ister, in the south of Sweden, was sentenced to a
tine of 100 crowns for having preached the gospel
to the people against the prohibition of the church
council. Only three years ago he was imprisoned
fifty-one days for the same cause, and, as he has
no nuiney to pay the fine, ho will bo im)irisoned
the secoiul time. This is the latest addition to
the hla(dv-list of similar deeds perpetrated by the
Ijitheran .State Church of Swede'n.

Sweet, Rev. Joel, was born Eeb. 9, 1795, in
IJui lington, Otsego Co., N. Y. His father was an
ordained Baptist minister, who, removing to Illinois
about 1820, dieil near Jacksonville, in that State,
in 18.37. The son Joel having expcrience-d a change
of heart in 1813, was baptized in 1817,. uniting
with the Baptist ehureh at \^irgil Corners, Cort-

land Co., N. Y. In 1825, removing to Homer, be
came under the persomil iidlucnee of llev. Alfred
liennett, who now be'came his pastor, and undi'r
that iidluenee found his conviclions of duty as to
the Christian ministry muidi strengthened. About
two years later In^ decided to <levote himself to that
work, and preached his lirst sernum at I, isle, i.i
liroome County, to which place he had in the mean
time removed. An interesting revival occurred at
this )dace, beginning in a Dible-elass tauglit by
Mr. Sweet, and in this revival one afterwards well
known in t!u^ ministry of Illinois, ilev. F. Ketehi'ia,
was converted. Mr. Sweet now determined tn
make the AV^est his future home, and Felj. 23, 1830,
arrived at Diamond Orove, netir Jacksonville, 111.
He immediately entered with great energy into
Western work, becoming especially conspicuous for
the vigor witli wdiieh be asstiiled the anti-mission-
ary, anti-Sunday-sebool, and anti-temperance inllu-
enccs in the midst of which he found himself^ his
lirst special engagement being as a ti'mjjerance lec-
turer under the appointment of the New York
State Temperance Society ; afterwards agent of the
American Sunday-School Union, lie was ordained
at Dianujiid Grove in 1833. In bis agency work
he traveled very extensively through Central Illi-
nois, and was the means of great good in giving
right direction to public sentiment, founding Suti-
day-schools, and encouraging wetik churches. He
was subscqiu'iitly engageil in fruitful missionary
work in Springficdd and t^uiney -Vssociations. .He
also served as pastor the churches (d' Mount Ster-
ling, Meridian, Barry, Lamarsh, and Treville. He
died at the bouse of his son, E. D. L. Sweet, Esq.,
in Chicago, May 8, 1857.

Sweet, Rev. John Davis, was born in Kings-
ton, Mass., Oct. Itj, 1838. He received his early
education in the L3'inan School, East Boston, and
was fitted for college in the Middleborough Aeail-
emy and at the Cambridge High School. In these
pre|jaratory schools he took the lirst rank in schol-
arship, deportment, and attendance. So far ad-
vanced was he in his studies that he was able to
enter the Sophomore class in Harvard College in
1857. Here he stood very high in his class, and
was prosecuting his work with success when failing
health compelled him to aliandon study for a tinn.'
and seek restoration l)y travel in Europe. He had
become a hopeful Christian w bile a student in the
IMiddlelioroiigh A<:ademy, and the ministry was his
chosen vocation. 'I'he failure cjf his health, bow-
ever, coin))elled him to lay aside his pilans with
reference to preaching. .A bout the commencement
of the year 18fV2 be embarked in business in old
Cambridge, -Mass., connecting himself with the
Baptist churcii in that place, and becoming one of
its most active members. His health improving,
his former desiri! to enter the (Jhristian ministry

■A'VII''.

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SWEET

1129

SYDNOR

revived, and "lie decided to give up his business.
lie was ordained iu October, 18G3, as pastor of tlie
Baptist cburcb in Uillcriea, Mass., where lie re-
mained live years, lie was (hen ealled to the im-
portant position of pastor of the First liaptist
ehureh in JSomerville, Mass., being installed May
4, jyCy. In the midst of a career of great useful-
ness he died at the early age of thirty years. Not
long before his deatii he made arrangements for
the payment of §10,000 to the Missionary Union
at liis deeease, subject to the condition that the
interest on this sum should be paid to his wife
during lier life.

Sweet, Rev. Sylvester E., the pastor of the
Baptist church at Klkhorii, Wis., was born in Leeds
Co., Canada AVest, iu 18i>9. lie passed his early
ciiildhood in the place of his birth, but when sis
years of age lie became a resident of Wisconsin.
lie was almost at the same time thrown upon lii.s
own resources, and very early in life developed that
independence of character which lias signally
marked his subsequent career, lie obtained a hope
in Olirist when twenty- three years of age, and a
few years later, in 1807, united witli tlie Baptist
chnreii at Lone lloik. Wis. Having determined to
prepare himself fiu- the Christian ministry, he began
a course of studii's with a view of fitting iiiinsclf
for that work. Having (inisbed his preparatory-
studies at .Silsby's Academy, be entered Wayland
University iu 1870, and eom[ileted the prescribed
course of that institution. lie was ordained in
1870 at Marble Hidge, Sauk Co., Wis., Ilev. Joel
W. Fish being moderator of the council and preach-
ing the seriiion. He has been pastor at De Soto
two years, Beaver Dam two years, I'rempeleaii
three years, Monticcllo Prairie and Albany two
years, aud is at present pastor of the Baptist
churches at Elkhoru and Sugar Creek. During bis
ministry his labors have been largely blessed.

Possessed of great energy aud decision, com-
bined with fine business tact and devoted piety, he
has shown himself a good preacher, a good |iastor,
and a successful laborer in the vineyard of the
Master.

Swinney, Rev. C. P., M.D., a prominent and
useful minister in South Arkansas, was born in
1837. He began his ministry among the Method-
ists, and came to Arkansas from Mississippi as a

Methodist preacher just before the late war.
A careful examination of the action and sub-
jects of baptism led to a change of views, and
lie united with the Baptists at Atlanta, Ark., about
18G3, and was soon after ordained as a Baptist
minister, and entered upon a successful work in
Columbia Co., Ark., and in the adjoining parts of
Louisiana. He bad many converts, some of whom
have become useful ministers. For some years past
he has pursued the practice of medicine iu connec-
tion with the ministry. He died .luiie, 1880.

Sydnor, T. W., D.D., was born in Hanover
Co., Va., June 1, 181o. He was brought up a
Presbyterian, was awakened under a sermon
preached by Dr. AV. S. Plumer, and baptized in
1831 into the fellowship of the Second Baptist
church, Richmond, Va. In 183.5 he entered the
Virginia Baptist Seminary (Kicliniond College),
aud in 1835 the Columbian College, where he grad-
uated in 1838, afterwards spending two years at
Newton 'I'heological Seminary. He was licensed
to preach by the Second Baptist church of Rich-
mond in 183G, and ordained at Bniingtou church,
King and (,|ueen Co., in 1811. During 1841 sup-
plied that church ; during 1842 was an agent for the
Columbian College; during 1843 pastor at Farm-
ville ; during 1844-45 was agent of the Bajitist Gen-
eral Convention fur Foreign Jlissions; and during
1840 agent of the Southern Bajitist Convention.
From 1847, through a period of thirty years, Dr.
Sydnor preached for several churches in Nottoway
Co., Va., where be has been greatly blessed, having
baptized more than 30U0 persons. In 1870 he was
ajipnintod county superintendent of public schools.
He h.is been in the employ of the American Bap-
tist Publication Society in Sunday-school work
among the colored population. He is connected
with several of the boards of the denomination,
and has frequently presided as moderator iu Asso-
ciations, and is a trustee of Richmond College. He
has published several excellent sermons, and is a
frequent contributor to the liditjious Hrrahl. Dr.
Sydnor's first wife was a daughter of Dr. Cliapin,
of the Columbian College. A very promising son
of his, studying for the ministry, lost his life in the,
battle of Sliarp.sburg, Md. The Columbian College
conferred the honorary degree of D.D. on Mr. Syd-
nor in 1873.

72

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TAFT

li:5(i

TALIilUD

T:

Taft, Sylvanus Adon, D.B., wus Ijoni :it
iMeiidon, N. Y.. Jan. 6, ISL'o. In 1S:!U liis parents
removed to Washington, Midi., wlifi-e lie conlesseJ
tlio Saviour, and was immersed at Stoncy Creelc,
when lie was eleven years oM, Ijy Rev. (j. T). Sim-
mons, lie was cdncated at llonii'o, Itoehestei',
Mieliigan University, Ivocliester University, and
llocliester Tlieologieal Seminary ; was ordained at
Stoney Creek, Mieli., in 1(S4.') ; graduated at Itouli-
ester, N. Y., in 18.')2. Iln was pastor at Stoney
Creek, Mount Vernon, Y|isilanli, and Ilolley, Mich. ;
Webster, N. Y. ; Qnincy, 111. ; Bethel, Palmyra, and
Macon, Mo. ; Santa Rosa and Vacavillo, Cal. ; re-

moving to the Pacific coast in 1S7

Paring his

pastorates he has been largely engaged as an in-
structor. He was principal of Disco Semir?ary one
year; O.'iford Institute, three years ; Fonton High
Schiiol, four years; president of the Baptist college
at I'almyra three years, and of California College
one year. He is tlie author of the work entitled
'• An Epitome of the Gospel." Pr. Taft is a clear
thinker, ready speaker, warm in bis synipathies,
and an intiuential and honored leader in the de-
nomination.

Tagg-art, Rev. John M., was bom near Phil-
adelphia, i'a., Nov. 17, ]817, of Scotch-Irish an-
cestry. His early years were spent in that city.
Driven by the crash of 1837 to seek employment
elsewhere, he went to the city of Wasliington, and
remained there about four years. Then he re-
moved to Kentucky, whore, under the ministrations
of Elder Wm. Vaughan, he was converted, and bap-
tized at Blooinfield, Nelson Co. He was licensed
to preach by the Bloomtield church in November,
18-13, and ordained Dec. 27, 184."). Removed sub-
Hcquuntly to Illinois, iind spent several years at
Jacksonville. In 1855 removed to Neliraska, just
opened for settlement, reaching Omaha about May
1. He was pastor at Nebraska City for four years,
during which time tlie church edifice was built.
Since that time he has lalxired wherever God's
pi'ovidence has called him. .Since 1871 he has re-
sided at Palmyra, lalioring diligently in the blas-
ter's cause, and ivaiting the .signal which shall in-
vite him to rest friun his labors. For years he Inis
been the honored president of the State Conven-
tion.

Talbird, Henry, D.D., was born Nov. 7, 1811,
OM ilikoM lli'iul I>hunl, iiiMufort Distrhi, S. C.
His family were among the earliest settlers and

inost prqminent citizens of the State. His grand-
father, John Talbird, was a commissioned oHiCer in
the war of the Revolution, and carried to his grave
marks of the wounds he had received in battle.

Henry 'I'albird was educiited at Madison Univer-
sith, N. Y., and his studios embraced a full col-
legiate and theological course. After graduating
frinu the theological department in 1841 lie was
called to the pastorate of the Baptist church, Tus-
caloosa, Ala. At the close of his first year's ser-
vice the church unanimously invited him to become
its permanent jiastor, with a considerable increase
of salary. But he had received a call to Mont-
gomery, in the same State, and he concluded to
remove to that city, wlicrc he renmined nine years.

In these two pastorates his ministrations were
greatly blessed, the churches were built up in faith
and zeal, and largely strengthened in numbers.
At the time of bis resigiuition of its pastorate the
church in IMontgcunery had become, with one e.^c-
coption, the strongest Baptist church in Alabama.

While in Montgomei'y he was elected to the pro-
fessorship of Theology in Howard College, Marion,
Ala., and entered upon the duties of his office in
January, 1852. At the close of the first year he
was elected president of the college, and inaintaiiu'd
that relation until the commencement of the civil
war, in 1861. In 1854 the honorary degree of
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the
University of Alabama. At the beginning of the
war he tried to retain his students, liut the excited
feelings of tlie people rendered it impossible, and
the school became practically empty.

During Dr. Talbird's administration Howard Col-
lege was prospered as it had never been before.
Not only was the number of students largely in-
creased, but the interest of the Baptist denomina-
tion throughout the State, was aroused, and the
I brethren came readily awl ]u-omptly to its assist-
ance. So that in less than si.x years the endow-
ment fund was increased from $45,000 to l?225,000,
besides adiling to its jiosscssions property to the
value of $7'.),000. At the opening of the war it was
one of the nujst nourishing institutions in the
South.

Dr. Talbird emliraced the cause of the Confed-
erate States, and lent nil his energies to conyert
their battles into victories. In ISIil lie entered
the Confederate army with the rank of captain, in
the 7th Alabama Regiment. At the close of the first

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TALBOT

1131

TALIAFl-UiltO

canipiiimi liu lioouiiio a colonel, and orgiinizod the
41,st Alahaiiia Kuj;iniiMit. AVIiilo in tliu army, ho
wa.s eimi\;ii'ii iji a niuulierof battles and skirniislies.
Hint enjoyed tlio I'lill confidence of oflicci's and
men. After nearly three years of honoral)ln ser-
vice lie was conipellcd to resij^n his coMiniission on,
account of ilj health. At the close of the war his
health was Still feehle, and he accc])ted a country
pastorate, where his labors would not bo so j;reat
as in the eharj^es he Indd before. He spent two
and a half years in Carlonvillc, Dallas Co., Ala.,
making a faithful and successful pastor, and win-
ning the warm regards of his people. His health
remaining I'eeble, he concluded to spend some time
in traveling, and with feelings of jirofnmil regret,
felt oompidled to resign his pastorate and leave his
people.

At the close of some six months he received and
accepted a call to Henderson, Ky. His ministry
here was marked by that deep devotion to the
interests of religion which endears the pastor to his
people, and the churidi was greatly stiengthened.
After laboring in Henderson three years :ind a
half, he received a call to the First Baptist ehurch
of Lexington, iMo., and in April, lcS72, he tntereil
upon his |)astiuate there. Over nine years have
ehtpscd since he took charge of this chiireh, and
the alfcctionate regards of his people make his resi-
dence in Lexington very hajjpy. He is possessed
of niueh [lersonal magnetism, that attracts men to
him. He has been elected a trustee of William
Jewell College, and president of its board of edu-
cation. Ho is held in high esteem by the faculty
of that institution.

He is polisheil in manners and address. He is
devoted to study, ami spends a large portion of
his time in liis well-s(dected library. He preaches
froia cu|iious notes, hut the greater portion of his
discourse is extempore. His preaching is .sound
and ])ractical, his logic clear and convincing. His
sermons exhibit research and careful preparation,
and always command the attention of his hearers
from the beginning to the end. During his min-
istry he has baptized over 2001) persons. Dr. Tal-
bird exhibits no evidence of advancing years in his
pul(]it ministrations.

Talbot, Sansom, D.D., was bom near Urhana,
0., .luiie 2.S, 1M!,S; ri;moved with his [lareuts in
l^i3'J to MeDonough Co., 111., where, in 1845, he was
converted, and united with the St. Mary's Baptist
oliurch. Immediately upon his conversion he de-
cided to Btnily for the ministry, and in the autumn
of 184(j entered (irauville (,'ollege, where he gi'adii-
ated with lionor in lIS.'il. j\.fter spending a year
as tutor at Granville, he went to Newton Theolog-
ical Scniiiniry, where he took a full theological
course. While at Newton he was appointed by
the Missionary Union as u missioiniry to Siam, but

circumstancea causing delay ho relinquished his
purpose, and accepted a call to the pastorate of the
First itaptist church id' D.iytnn, ()., a position which
he held from KS50 to lS(i:^. In .luiie, ISO.'!, he was
elected president of Denisou University, then at
a very critical ]ierioil in its history. Assuming at
once the duties of this position ho gave it all the
energies of his nature, and the aspec^t of things
S|ieedily cliangeil. After ten years of most suc-
cessful Init exhausting toil he died iit Newtou Cen-
tre, Mass., where he had gone for rest, June 29,
1873.

Dr. Talbot ■wa.% a man of boundless energy and
courage. He went grandly through his life of
study, and attained a scholarship which put him
in the front rank of educated men. His [iresence
at Denison was an inspiration. While yet a student
at Newton he gave valuable assistance to Dr. Sears
in his preparation of lloget's '■Thesaurus." His
sermons and lectures were models of clearness and
Conciseness. His early death was an occasion for
nuiurning throughout the entirii cuuntry.

Taliaferro, Rev. Robert H., was bom in Ken-
tucky, Oct. ly, 1824. His nnjther dying early, he
was trained by his sifters; eilucated at Granville
College, 0., and the Western liaptist Theological
Seminary, Covington, Ky. ; professed religion at
Granville ; ordained to the gospel ministry at Lubur-
grund church, Montgomery Co., Ky., Sept. 1.''j, IS4G;
was pastor at Galveston, Texas, several years ; spent
must of his subsequent life at Austin, except two
years, when he was a missioiniry among the Choc-
taw Indians. His labors at Austin covered nearly
twenty-five years, and were largely without com-
pensation, and at a great saerilicc to himself. The
first ehurch in Williamson County was organized
by him, when there was not a glass window or
plank lloor in the county. His labors at Bastrop,
Webberville, Hound lloek, and Chapel Hill were
productive of great good. He was elected and
served as chaplain of the senate of the twelfth,
thirteenth, and fourteenth Legislatures of Texas,
and he was one of tlie voluntary chaplains of the
constitutional convention of 1875.

He was assoeiatcid with liev. George W. Baines,
Sr.. either as editor or special contributor of the
Texas Baplist for six years. Besides contributions
to periodicals, which were numerous and very able,
he wrote three works of a religious character, — one
on ''Infidelity," another entitled "Which is our
Saviour, Olirist or the OluirchV" the third is a
'' Series of Sermons." The lirst two were pub-
lisheil, and arc able, exhaustive, and practical
works. 'I'lie third has not been published. He
died Nov. 19, 187-}, leaving a wife, one son, ami
lour dauglitors to the care of a devoted father and
grandfather. He was remarkable for his indiU'er-
onee to worldly goods, and cari'd little for secular

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TALLMADGK

1132

TAYLOR

lionors. 'I'he miinliur of serin oiis wliicli lie pi'uiiuliod,
tlie iiuuilier of |icrsoiis he biiiiti/.cd, iiuJ tlie iiuiuber
converted under his iiiini.stiy iiiiisL lie counted by
thousands. No purer, ubler, mure devoted, self-
saeiilicinj; minister of tlie New 'i'estiiiiieiit has lived
or died in Texas. Kev. George W. Haines, Sr.,
says of him, '•that he wa.s tlie iiian who did more
by his pen to estalilish Bible truth in the minds of
Texas Iia|itisls than any other writer in the .State
or out ol' it.''
Tallmadge, Judge Matthias B., was born at

Stamlurd, Outche.ss Co., N. Y., .March 1, 177-t;
graduated at Yale College 17'J5; studied law \\-itli
Chief-Justice Spencer at Hudson, N. Y. ; practised
at Herkimer; represented his county in the State
Legislature and the western district of New \ ork
in the State senate. His marked abilities and as-
siduity in the discharge of public duties brought
him to the notice of the President of the United
States, who appointed him judge of the U. S. Dis-
trict Court for New Y'ork. This resulted in his
removal to New York City, where, notwithstand-
ing a feeble constitution and almost constant ail-
ments, he won great distinction for the masterly
manner in which he performed the varied and dif-
ficult duties of his ollice. it was during this period
of his busy life that he gave profmind study to the
Word of God, and while spending the summer of
ISll at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., made a profession of
faith, and was baptized by llev. Lc\\-is Leonards,
then (lastor there.

Although much occupied with his judicial duties
and a great suB'erer lioni ]ieriodii:al attacks of fever,
he became dee|)ly intertjsted in all the missionary
enterprises of the denomination, and occupied po-
sitions of high trust in the General Baptist Con-
vention, and on its executive board. His illness in
Ills latter years made it necessary for him to spend
his winters in the Soatluu'n States^ where he im-
proved his opportunities to acquaint himself with
the leading men and enterprises of the denomina-
tion, and so much did he endear himself to the
Southern people that they appointed him to repre-
sent their churches in the original and the sueeoed-
iiig meetings of the General Convention. In 1803
he married Miss Elizabeth Clinton, daughter of
Hun. George Clinton, then governor of New Y'ork,
and afterwards Vice-President of the United States.
lie died Oct. 7, 1819, in the I'orty-sixth year of his
age, at Poughkeepsio, N. Y., greatly lamented by
his family, his church, and the nation.

Tanner, Robert Lynn, a prominent layman in
Louisiana, was liorn in South Carolina in \1'X>\
came to Rapides Parish, Ljft., in ]81.i. He was a
man of large weans, which he liberally cinploycd
for the Master's cause. For many years he sup-
ported the pastor of the Cherry ville Baptist churLdi,
of which he was a deacon ; was often elected mod-

orator of the Louisiana Baptist Association and
vice-president ol the State Convention.

Tappan, Lewis N., a New Englander |jy birth,
was not a lirofi'ssur of religion till actively engaged
in business. AVheii he became a Christian he en-
gaged in religious work with all his might. Much of
his time was spent in the Kooky Mountains among
the miners, but he found opportunities for attend-
ing to his religious duties, and .-shared his means
in helping when assistance was needed, whether at
home or abroad. He was a natural leader and a
good counselor. He died in 1880 at Leadville,
Col., where he will be much missed. He was
widely known and highly esteemed.

Tatum, S. 0.— In 1870 the Baptists of North
Carolina were called on to mourn the loss of Jlr.
S. 0. Tatuin, a wise and good man, who did much
to develop the churches of his part of the State.
lie was born in Havie Co., N. C, and at the age
of twenty-five determined to oljtain a liberal edu-
cation. He graduated at Wake Forest College in
1853. The last years of his life were devoted to
teaching and to the improvement of the churches
of the Yadkin Association, of which he was mod-
erator.

Taylor, Rev. Alfred, a minister widely known
and i)f great moral worth, was the son of Rev.
Joseph Taylor, and was born in Warren Co., Ky.,
July 19, 180S. When three years of age he was
taken by lii.s parents to liutler County, where he
grew up to manho(jd. He attended a school con-
ducted l,jy Rev. ]). L. Mansfield, and was after-
wards under the tutorship of the distinguished
Rev. William Warder. He was for many years,
the intimate friend and fellow-laborer of Dr. J. M.
Pendleton. He united with Sandy Creek Baptist
church, in Butler (.'ounty, in 182'.) ; was licensed
to preach in 1831, and ordained in 1834. lie
soon became '"pastiu- of four cnuntiy churches."
But his labor embraced a much larger field, lie
introduced into Gasper IViver Association in 1837
the |jractice of holding '' |)rotracted meetings."
" Within less than six months,'' Itrv. Dr. J. S.
Coleman states, " he baptized over 800 persons."
From this time he labored with indcl'atigable steal
for more than twenty years, and with a degree of
success that few men have attained. Of the mul-
titude baptized by him more than thirty became
ministers of the gospel. He was active in all the
benevolent enterprises of his denomination in the
State. 11 is suns, J. S. Taylor, J. P. Taylor, and
W. C. Taylor, are excellent ISaptist ministers. He
died Oct. 9, 1800.

Taylor, B. F., was born in Lowville, N. Y., in
1S22. He was educated at Madison University,
Hamilton, N. Y'., of which his father was president.
He is, and has long been, occupying a |irominent
position as a, racy descriptive writer. For many

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TAYLOR

1133

TAYLOR

years lio was litt'ruiy oilitni- of the C/iiciii/u Koenimj
Jnuinul, anil was its )ui]iei|ial army (•()rrL'.s|>i)iKiciit
during; tlic civil will', lollnwilii; tlie liuailijuartera
of tin: Aniiy of tlie C'uiiil)ei'laiKl. hi |iictiirc!i((ue
(loseription liis lettri-s siu-|iass('d all ooiitiMiipnrai'ii's.
yuiue uf tlieiii liave liucii f^atliei'od into a volume
entitled " I'ictui-es in Ciimp and Fiojd," 18G7, of
whieli a new edition lias recently appeared, lie
has piiljlishe<l several Iniuks, aiiioii^ which arc
" Attractions of Language," ISIJ ; "January and
June.'' 1853; "Three Novemljer J)ay.s," "The
AVorld on Wheel.s," 1873; "Old Tiyie-Pictures
•and Sheaves of Uliyme," 1874. Numerous edi-
tions have licen issued of all his books.

Jle is also u popular lecturer on the lycenin
platfunii, especially in the West, lie resides at
La I'urte, Ind.

Taylor, Prof. Charles E.— The Kev. James B.
Tayhn-, l).l)., of blessed luemury, gave three sons
to the ministry. The oldest, Dr. (jeo. 1?., is a mis-
sionary at Home, Italy; the second, James IJ., is
pastor of the First Uaptist church of W'ilniintrton,
N. 0. ; and the third, (,'harles E., has been fur ten
years the Frol'essor of Latin in Wakc^ Forest Col-
lege. I'rof. 'I'uylor was b<u-ti in Uiclimoiid, Va.,
Oct. 12, 1812; was baptized by Dr. J. 13. Jeter

when but ten years of a

went from Hie

lond

College into a regiment of cavalry, and fought
through the war ; then spent live years at the Uni-
versity of Virginia, graduating in most of the
schools of that famous college ; made a trip to
Europe in 1870, and was ordained in Apiril, 1871,
Drs. AV'ingate, Walters, and eJ. B. Taylor, Sr., com-
)irising the Presbytery. lie is at [iresent agent
of the Board of Kducatidn, as well as professor in
Wake Forest College. He has been pastor of the
chnrehes in Lewisburg ami t)xford, X. C.

Taylor, Rev. Dan, was bom Dec. 21, 1738,
near Halifax, i'biglaiid. His mother was his early
teacher, and the Bible was his lirst seho(d-buok.
When three years old he could read so Well that ho
attracted the attention of all that knew him. lie lirst
found the Saviour when about hfteen years of agi\
He was an Arminian in his doctrinal sriitiinents,
and could not obtain baptism from Particular lbi|i-
tist ministers ; he journeyed on foot in unpleasant
■weatherone hundred and twentyiniles to be baptized
b}' Mr. Thonqisoii, in Boston, Lincolnshire. He was
pastor at AVadsworth, near Halifax, in Halifa.x
it>ell', and in London. He fuundeil the (ieneral Bap-
tist Acadfcniy for the edue'atiun of young ministers,
of which he was )U'esident for tifteeii years. When
The Geneial Baptinl Maijazine was established ho
became its first cditio'. He was the author of more
than lifty Imoks and pamphlets, the chief of which
is an ailmirable body (d' divinity, except its Armiu-
ianism, entitled " Tin; Christian Keligioii."

He was fifty-live years in the ministry, and

during that period preached nearly twenty thou-
sand sermons ; he traveled extensively, attendiii"
ordinations, church dedications, and Associations.
1 le was a man of undoubted ability, deep piety, and
great usefulness.

Clergymen of all denominations regarded him
with confidence and aU'ection ; and the Lord of
pastors shed abroad much of his love in his heart.
He died in London, Nov. 2lj, bSlti, in the sevcuty-
eiglith year of his age.

Taylor, Elisha E. L., D.D., was bcnn at Delphi,
N. Y., Sept. 2.j, bSlo, aiid.liedat Brooklyn, N. Y.,
Aug. 20, 1874. He graduated at Madison Univer-
sity and at the Theological Seminary at Hamilton,
N. Y. He accepted a call to a new interest, now
the Pierpont Street Baptist church in Brooklyn,
N. Y. After nine years of hilior with it, it had
grown so large that it was thought best to colonize,
and he went (JUt with others and formed the Strong
Place Bajitist church, which speedily became one
of the strongest churches in Brooklyn.

In 180-5 he was elected to the secretaryship of
the Church lOdilice Fund of the American Baptist
Home Mission Society. Through his labors a fund
of several hunilred thousand dollars was accumu-
lated, and many feeble churches on the Western
borders wore aided in building houses of worship.
He has entered the licavenly rest after a life of
great usefulness.

Taylor, George B., D.D., eldest son of Hev.
James B. Taylor, D.l)., uiul Mary Williams Tay-
lor, who was the daughter of Elisha Williams, a
Revolutionary soldier, and aide of (ien. Washing-
ton, and afterwards pastor of the Ba|itist cluirch at
Beverly, Mass., was born Dec. 27, 1832, in Bieli-
inonJ, Va. He was educated at Iiiehmond College,
and graduated Bachelor ol' Arts in 1851, after
which he was engaged in teaching in Fluvanna Co.,
Va. Subseipiently, he entered the University of
Virginia, and after a three years' course graduated in
mostof the schools of that institution. While a stu-
dent at the university he was ordained to the min-
istry at (Charlottesville, and during the remainder of
his university cuurscserved as pastor of two country
churches in the vicinity. After leaving the uni-
versity, he became the lirst pastor of the Franklin
Sipiare Baptist church, Baltimore, and continued
in that relation two years. F^'om Baltimore here-
moved to Staunton, Va., and became )iastor of the
chiireh in that place, where he remained about
twelve years, during which time the church was
greatly prospered. After the beginning of the war,
he, with the consent of the church, acted as chap-
lain in Gen, Stonewall Jackson's corps during the
entire campaign of 1SG2, and subsequently olliciatod
both as pastor and chaplain id' the post, until the
close of hiistilities. He also visited the Army of
Northern \'irginia at the time of the " great revi-

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TAYLOR

1134

TAYLOR

v;il," :iiiil took an iiotive part in tlmt rciiKu-Uuljlc
work of iliviiie gnifc. In l.Sli'.t lie liocaiiio cliaplaiii
of tlic University of Virj^inia, a position ailornud Ijy
sonic of tlic ablest clergymen in tin; Stato, ami
served (hirinif tlio n^ual period of two years, at tiie
termination of wliieli he was roealled to llie pastor-
ate of the Staunton elinruli. He rgtnrned to tliat
place, and rcniaincil until IS7o, when he was ap-
pointed by the Mission Board of the Southern Bap-
tist Convention missionary to Home, with the s)ie-
o.il duty of ii iijiini-teriii^ tlj>: uiiair- of ihe Italiiin
Uii-sion.

i'liT two y'::i.rr, \)r. Taylor wai air':0'.-iat';i] with
thft iif;-.. 1'. U'il-oo. I).Ji., in editini; The Cluisiian
lUcieic, and durin'i that time contributed to its
pa;;<:s some valuable article;. >ince Jimuary.
I'lTb, he ba^, in connection with the evanLreli-it.
Sig. (Jocorda, conducted 11 Seminiilnri', a monthly
Baptist magazine in the Italian hiniruaL'C, con-
tributing frequent leading articles. He has also
added several volumes to our popular literature,
having written the '• Oakland Stories'' (four juven-
ile volumes), published by Sheldon it Co., New
York ; '■ Coster Grew" and " Roger Bernard" (re-
ligious stories for youth), " Walter Knnis" (a tale
founded on early Virginia Baptist history), and
" Life and 'fimes of James B. Taylor," besi<les
several .smaller volumes, puldisheil by the Aiiieri-
can Baptist Publication Society. He was one of
the recording secretaries of the Southern Bap-
tist Convention from 1856 to IS(i6. In KS72 he
received the degree of D.D., from Kichmond Col-
lege, and also from the University of Chicago. Dr.
Taylor was married in 185S to Susan S|iotswood
Braxton, great-granddaughter of Carter Braxton,
one of the Virginia signers of the Declaration of
Independence.

The mission at Rome is one that lies near to the
hearts of all Baptists, and especially Southern
Baptists. Six years ago serious troubles Imd em-
barrassed the work in that city. It was necessary
to lind a man who should be both gentle and wise,
to whom the whole management of the mission
must be intrusted if any permanent good wa.s to
result from it. Dr. Taylor was thought to be such
a man, and accordingly he was urged to accejit the
position. This lie did, and sailed with his family
from Xew York in July, 187.i, for Rome, where he
soon won the confidence of the evangi.dists and
churciics. From the very day of his arrival he
made himself felt as a prudent and persevering
laborer for the Master. The vexatious troubles
vanished, and the mission began at once to thrive,
and has been steadily advancing ever since, so
much so that the Italian mission is now the most
nourishing cd' all the foreign wi)rk of thii SontluMn
Baptist Convention. A convenient chapel has been
secured at the cost of about S-5, 000, situated in

one of the most eligible jiositions in the city, being
a few ste|is only from the I'antheou and from the
University of Rome. The mission comprises 10
statioiKs, 'J evangelists, and ni;:nly loO members;
and churches have been either established or
strengthened at La Tour, Milan, Modena, Naples,
Bari, Barletta, Venice, and in the island of Sar-
dinia. In reference to Dr. Taylor, Dr. I'rime, edi-
tor of the Kcw Yiii k Obsciccr, wrote : " He is a nnm
of decided cbar.icter ; with a clear and vigorous
intfrllecl. it teiider and gl wing lieart, and .-ucli a
sound judgment as secures for him the respect and
contilenee of all who represent Pr.tesiarjt mis>ions
in Rome. . . . These missions form an important
part of the great work now in progress lor the
5()read of evangelical religion in (his land of papal
darkness. To the eye of unbelief it may seem the
day of very small things. But it is enough to plant
the seed, and the rains of heaven will descend upon
it to the redemption of Italy. Now is the time to
sow the seed of the Word. Dr. 'I'aylor is able to
extend his missions and multiply the number of
laborers just as fast as he has the means to support
them. And you may be certain that he is judi-
cious, careful, and wide-awake."

Taylor, Rev. Isaac, son and successor in the
pastoral ollice of Rev. William Taylor, a p(jpular
and usel'ul minister of his State, was born in Buf-
falo, Va., in 1771!. He was taken by his parents
to Kentucky wdien he was twelve years old. In
his early life be was thoughtless and fond of pleas-
ure, lie was baptized by his father, and united
with Cox's Creek church in ISOl ; was licensed to
preach in 1810, and ordained in 1813. He became
pastor of Cox's Creek and three neighboring
cluiiches, and baptized a great number of persons,
and was honored by all classes of society. He
died sndderdy on bis way home from ]jreacbing,
March 13, 1842.

Taylor, James Barnett, D.D,, was born in the
village of BartiMi-upon-Huuilier, Kngland, March
ly, 1804. His father having removed to this
country in 1805, settled in the city of New York,
and in 1817 removed to Virginia. At the age of
thirteen young Taylor was baptized, and united
with the First Baptist church of New York. At
the age of sixteen he began to speak publicly for
Christ, and in 1824 he was licensed to preach.
Soon after be was appointed by the General Bap-
tist Association of Virginia to labor as a missionary
in the lower section of the Meherran district. He
was ordained, May 2, 1S20, at Sandy Creek. In
1820 he became jiastor of the Seetnid Baptist church
of Richmond, Va., in which relation he continued
sixteen years, during which the ehuridi was greatly
enlarged and strengthened. While here his labors
were indefatigable in developing the graces of tho
church, in organizing Sunday-schools and Bible

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TAYLOR

1135

TA VLOn

societies, and in promoting the Ciiiiso of eilueation.
Six liiuulrcd and sixt}' nicniljcrs were added to the
chiii'oh, three now cliurolies were organized by
members mainly from his eongregation, and ten or
twelve of tiiDse whom he liaptized entered tlie
ministry. He was a very e(nci<:iit worker, also, in
behalf of foi'cign missions. Ilr. Taylor preaelied
freipiently in the surrounding eouTitry and in tin!
adjacent cities. As llie result of his labors in I5al-
timore, in connection with the Kev. John Kci'r,
the Calvert Street Baptist cluirch was fiirmed. In

1838 he traveled West as agent of

Vi

Baptist General Association. In LS39 ho was
elected chaplain of the University of Vii-ginia,
where his labors among the students and in the
community resulted in great good. In 1S4() he
became pastor of the Third Baptist church ((irace
church), Kichmond, and through his labors their
beautiful church edifice was built. In 1S14 he
traveled South with the missionary Kiucaid, stim-
ulating the ehui-ehes to greater zeal in the cause of
missions, and collecting large sums of nujuey for
the Northern board. Soon after the (U-ganization
of the Southern Baptist Convention Dr. Taylor
becaiue its correspo[iding seeretai'y, which respon-
sible position lie held until his death, a period of
twenty-six years, llis laljors while seci'etar}' were
exceedingly onerous. He traveled constantly ;
preached three times on almost every Sunday ;
addressed letters of encouragement to mission-
aries, and of exhortation to churches and in<iivid-
uals; edited several journals, and accomplished an
aiuonnt of good of which his immediate associates
alone were eoguizant. For thirteen years during
llis secretaryship Dr. Taylor was pastor of the
Taylorsville church, but at the o|iening <]f the war
he resigned iiis pastorate, and lalioic'(l during the
contest in camjis and hospitals as colporteur of the
^'^irginia Sunday-School and Publication Board ;
and for three years as Confederate post-chaplain.
At the close of the war the missions of the South-
ern Baptist Convention were in a disorganized
condition, with a' debt of S1(.),0()() hanging'over
them. The secretary immediately undertook the
task of li(pridating the debt, which he succeeded in
doing, at tlie same time stimulating the churches to
new vigor and efforts >in Ijchalf of the imperiled
missions. He was also greatly interested in the
welfare of the freedmen so suddenly removed from
all their old relations ; and he was appointed to
confer- with the secretary of the Frecdmcirs Bureau
with regard to the best plans for assisting them.
His last sermons were preached in Alexandria to
colored congregations, and his interest in the mis-
sion in Africa was manifested on his death-bi'd.
This faithful servant of God, liaving diligently
served his generation, fell asleep Dec. -2, 1ST I.
As a preacher. Dr. Taylor was impressive and in-

structive, simple in style, and solemn in manner.
As a pastor, he had but few ei[uals, moving among
his people, as well as in the community generally,
as a constant messenger for good. As a writer, he
lias done much for the literature and history of the
denomination. He was for a short time editor of
the ]ieli(/iiiiis Ilciald ; ho originated the Sdiilhcrn
B(i]itist Ml.isioiniii/ Jiiui-md and llanicaiul Fuieii/n
Juiirnid. He wrote a " Life of J^ot Cary," a " Life
of Luther Rice,'' and two volumes of the " Lives
of Virginia 15aptist Ministers," containing more
than a thousand ])agcs, a most valuable work, the
iiiateri[ils of whi(di were collected only after vast
toil and innumerable hindrances. He also began
a " History of Virginia Baptists," for which he
was specially fitted, but which be did not live to
complete. In addition to all these literary, pas-
toral, and ollicial laljors as secretary of the lioard,
he wrote, as editorof the Fureigii Mission Joiinial,
articles that would fill many volumes. Dr. I'oin-
dexter, who was associated with him for some time
in the secretarysliip of the board, says of him, as
illustrating the pressure of his labors, " He was at
the same time corresponding secretary, financial
manager, general traveling agent, and editor of the
board." In the various walks of life. Dr. Taylor
quietly and ])ersevcriiigly acctniiplishcd the high
and holy pur|)oses which liUed his soul. Kemem-
bcring the fact that be was not physically strong,
few have left a more abiding impress on the
churches and the great denominational agencies
which they employ than the subject of this sketch.

Taylor, Rev. James B., Jr., the second son of

Dr. J. B. Taylor, was lioin iii Kichmond, \'a.,Oct.
22, 1837; was baptized by the Kev. Dr. Jeter, Dec.
I'J, 1862; and was a student at Itiehniond College,
the University of Virginia, and the Southern Bap-
tist Theological Seminary. While pursuing his
theological course the war commenced. He joined
the army, and was a|ipointcd a chaplain in Gen.
W. H. v. Lee's command, in which position he was
very useful. At the close of the war he M'as called
to the pastorate of the ya|itist church in Culpeper,
which position he held lor ten years, and where a
large harvest was reaped for the Master. At the
beginning of his labors there the church numbered
only 28; at its close 320 had been added to its
menibersliip, besides which 600 conversions had
taken place in protracted meetings in which lie
had assisted. The ravages of the war had left the
church edifice in Culpeper almost in ruins; but in
a little while, through the exertions of Mr. Taylor,
it \vas so repaired as to become one of the most
commodious and beautiful buildings in that part
of the State. In Octidjcr, 187/), he accepted an in-
vitation to become pastor of the church in Wilming-
ton, N. C, which positiim he still holds. Ho has
pulilished an exceedingly popular little pamphlet

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TAYLOR

1136

TAYLOR

entitled "Simple Ti'iitlis," a cutccliisiu for infant
classes, wliieli has passed to a tliird edition, and
wliicli lias been, or is to be, translated into tlie
Yoniban tongue and the Italian lanf^uage, requests
to tliat effect liavinj^ been made by tbe niissiunaries
at those stations. Mr. Taylor has also delivered
some very )Hipular addresses at literary commetn;e-
nients.

Taylor, Prof. Jas. M., A.M., was born in Holm-
del, N. J., Sept. I'J, 1.SJ3; ^nadnated at iMadison
University in 1807, and Hamilton Theological Semi-
nary in 18GU; was principal lor several years of
the fyamniar-sehool, now Colgate Academy ; at the
present time he is Profes.sor of I'ure Jlathematics
in JNIadison University; a man of jrreat ability and
Christian inteirrity.

Taylor, Rev. John, a distinguished pioneer
preacher and wiiter, was born in Fauquier Co.,
Ya., in 175J. lie united with the IJaptists in
liis twi'Mtieth year. lie liei^an to preach almost
immediately alter he joined the church, and con-
tinued with threat success, lie located in KiMitncicy
in 177U. The lirst rclij;ious revival in that State,
commenced under his preaching:; in \V'uodford
County in 17So. In that year he raised up Clear
Creek church, to which he ministered about ten
years. In 1795 lie removed to lioono County,
where he and several others had constituted a
small church called iiullittsliurj;; the year before.
Here he ministered about seven years, durins; which
time 113 |)ersons were bapti/.ed into that church.
Ill 1802 he settled in Trimble County, where, two
years before, lie had gathered Corn Creek church,
to which he ministered about lifleen years. In
ISlo he removed to Franklin County, where he
aided in constitutinir a ciiurch in Frankfort in 1810,
to which he also ministered. In 1818 he formed
Buck Ilun church, and was the pastor for a num-
ber of years, lie traveled and preached very ex-
tensively, and probably performed more labor, and
was more .successful, than any other pioneer preacher
in Kentucky, lie was a strong and pointed writer.
He imblished "The History of Ten Churches,"
"Thoughts on Missions," and several brief biogra-
phies, which are of great value to the Baptist his-
torian of Kentucky, lie also wrote iiiueh that was
valuable for the periodical press. He died at his
residence near Frankfort in the winter of 1830.

Taylor, Col. Joseph, was bom in O.xlbrd town-
ship, Philadelphia Co., Pa., March lo, I7"JI. He
was baptized in his liftcenth year into the fellow-
ship of the Second Baptist church, Philadelphia,
of whidli lio remaiind an honored lueniber until
his death, in I80'J. In early life he was colonel of
the 70th llegiment Pa. Militia. He was a member
of the (jcneral Assembly of Pennsylvania in Ilv'-I'J-
30, and of the senale from 1830-34. During his
residence in New Jersey he served in the Assembly

of that State, and he was its Speaker in the session
of 1813-44. He was a meniher of the common
council of Philadelphia, and subsequently of the
select council. He was treasurer of the Philadel-
phia Baptist Association, and president of the
Philadelphia Bible Union, and the lirst layman
that ever presided over the Philadelphia Baptist
Association, though in 18111, when he was modera-
tor, the Associati(Hi was in its one hundred and
forty-second year.

Col. Taylor was a gentleman of culture and
courtesy, an honor to the church with which lie
was so long connected, and to the denomination
whose principles were so dear to him, and which
he was so competent lo defend ami so gratilied to
commend. In puljlic life his honor was never ques-
tioned ; as a Christian he was without reproach.

Taylor, Stephen W., LL.D., was bom in

Adams, Berkshire Co., .Mass., Oct. 28, 1791 ; bap-
tized, in 1810, at Kdnieston, Otsego Co., N. Y. ;
graduated at Hamilton College in 1817, being the
valedictorian of his class; entered, in 1818, on his
life profession of educator, as princiyial of Lowville
Academy, and under his administration no acad-
emy in New York stood higher. In 1834 accepted
the principalship of the academic department of
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution.
The departmenf being greatly demoralized, Dr.
T'aylor distinguished himself by eti'ecting a most
admirable discipline and by organizing a high
grade of instruction. In I83S he accepted the
chair of Matheniutics and Natural Philosophy in
Madison University, which he resigned in 1845 and
went to Lewisburg, Pa., where he founded the uni-
versity at Lewisliurg, and was its president five
years. (See Lewishuuu University.) In 1851 was
called to the presidency of JNIadison University.
(.See Mauiso.n Univeusity.) His accession was a
most happy event in the history of the university,
occurring when it did, at the close of the removal
controversy. Trusted in the greatest degree by the
denomination, the effect was to restore confidence
in the fortunes of the university. During the lirst
year of his presidency the number of students in-
creased from 33 to 84, and dining the three following
years the number reached 210, a number larger than
that of the students in attendance at the beginning
of the controversy. At the end. of the lirst year the
college received an endowment of §00,000.. On
Jan. 0, 1850, Dr. Taylor dieil of a long-continued
and painful illness. Dr. Taylor was pre-eminently
a man of will. By nature and culture a poet, he
" snp|iressed" this ran; gift, and made himself one
of the best mathematicians of his day. He would
have been acknowledged as a master in any de-
partment, and hi.s choice of the vocation of teacher
was the result of his conscientionsni'ss. For thia
high calling he trained himself with the greatest

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TAYLOR

1137

TEASED ALE

care, iiiid nave to it diiy liyiUiy tlie vipcst eilorts of
his lil't.'. lie loft two soMsi aiul a daii^litor, who in-
liei-itcJ iiuioh of tlicir fatlicr's gotiiiis. One of tho
Hons, I'l. v. 'i'a3'loi', is widely known by his |ioeiMs
and hi'i other writing's.

Taylor, Thomas A., Esq., was boin in Jonkin-
town, I'a., in l!S14. lli.s fathei-, who died in 182:2,
was !i nnm of iutellij;enoe, anil the year of his dealli
he had ovei'y ]irus])eet ol' being elected to the Con-
gress of the United .Slates. Tlie education of
Thomas A. Taylor was liberal. In inereantile
pnrsnits in Philadelphia, to whieli his life was
largely diivoted, he seenred an ample eompetency,
and. linding himself in eonifortalile cii'enmstanees,
he retired from bnsiness in 1850.

He was I'orty-.si.x years a member of the Sceond
IJaptist church of Phihidelphia. For a long period
he was the treasnrer of the I'liiladelphia Baptist
Association. lie was a Christian of large alVec-
tions, whoso gifts boniitifnlly blessed almost every
good cause. Never- had iJiblo truth a warmer
friend, or the chureh a mcn-e faithful member.

Taylor, Eev. William, a distinguished jiiiineer
preaelior, was born in New. Jersey in 1737. In his
cliihlhood his parents removed to Vii'ginia, wiiere
he remained until he was twenty-one, and then re-
turned to his native .State. Here ho united with the
Uaptists, and commenced preaching. After a short
time spent in New Jersey, he vonioved to IJnlfalo
(now Bethany), Va., and thence to tin; southeastern
part of Ohio, where he remaineil eight years. In
178-1 he located in Nelson Co., Ky., where he
founded Co.x's Creek chureh. In the fall (if 178;")
ho, with others, constituted Salcin Association.
In addition to his pastorate lie was very active in
yircaehiiig among the new settlements, and was in-
strumental in raising up churches in Nelson and
tho adjoining counties, lie died, greatly himi'utcd,
in .September, 180'.».

Taylor, Rev. William, a native of New Hamp-
shire, was amcnig the earlier ministers in Michigan.
His home was at Schoolcraft, where he devoted his
life to the care of tho churches and to Christian
edncati(jnal interests. With long |iersistent labor,
and a liberal use of his means, he established an
academy called the Cedar I'ark Female Seminary,
the operation of which was very useful for a num-
ber of years, and the property avails (d' wbieh are
still serving the education of young woujen in
Kalamazoo College. Ho also gave libi-rally to the
Baptist Conv('ntlcin for its theological and other
work. Ho |pea<^efully met the end of tho rightoons
Juno 7, l.'^;')2, and is remembered by nniny with
grateful love.

Teague, E. B., D.D., was liorn in South Caro-
lina in 1812(1; came with his parinits to AlalMUiii,
and located in Slielby County when a child ; grad-
uateil in tlie University of Alabama in 184(1, undiu'

Dr. Manly. In his early ministry ho was pastor
of some strong and wealthy churches in tho west-
ern part of tho State, and prob^ssor in the .Southern
Female College, after wdiieh he was called to La
(irange, (Ja., -where he was pastor for ten years,
embracing tlio period of the late war. He next
became ]iresident of the East Alabama Female
College at 'I'uskegce, and jiastor of the chureh in
that place for one year, afler which he was pastor
of the church in the city of Selma for six or eight
years. His principal pastorates were Lagrange
and Selma, two of our strongest Southern churches,
anil his connection with them was a success. For
aljout four years past he has been residing on his
beautiful farm — " Ked Ltiwif — in Shelby County,
and preaching for the churches in Columbiana,
Montevallo, Fayctteville, and Wilsonvillo. Supe-
rior in scholarship, ]irofound in theological re-
search, eloquent in the presentation of thought, he
stands second to no man in the State as an instruc-
tive preacher, (iifted beyond measure in conversa-
tion, thoroughly read in classic and historical liter-
ature, and iiossessed of a devout Christian spirit,
combined with a rich llow of agrei!able anecdotes,
he is one of tho most companioiuible men. One
seldom parts with him without feeling that he has
enjoyed a rare social and religious treat. The de-
gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him
by Howard College.

Teale, Rev. Josiah Harris, was born Jan. 16,
1846, in Coshocton Co., O. ; S|ient his early years
on a farm ; was converted, in 1860, while at AV^os-
leyan University, Delaw are, U. ; baptized and joined
the llock liun church in 1867 ; dedicated his life
to the ministry ; graduated at Denison University
in 1874; was licensed in 1873 by tho Pleasant
Hill church, O. ; went to California in 1875;
was ordained at Santa Cruz in 1870 ; ]ireacbed as
pastor at Napa, Santa Cruz, and Saii\t Hehaia ; was
pastor at Victoria, British Columbia, from Septem-
bor, 1877, to January, 1879, when he aoce|ited a
call to the First Baptist church of Oregon City,
Oregon, wdierc lie is now lalioriiig with success,
and is numbered among the inlluential preachcra
of Oregon.

Teasdale, Rev. John, was born in New Jersey,
Nov. I'J, 18()u. He was converted at twenty, and
ba|dizod by Uev. Leonard Fletcher. Ho was soon
licensed to preach, and entered Mailison Univer-
sity, N. Y. Afler four years of study he loft on
account of feeble health. Ho became pastor of the
Ba|itist church at Newton, N. J. BIr. Teasdale
removed to Virginia in 1830, and for four years
was pastor at Fredericksburg. In 1842 he returned
to New Jersey, and toik charge of the .Sehooley's
Mountain church. In 1850 he removed to Altiui,
111., and was an ellicient agent of the Alton College.
A new bnililing was erected, and funds raised for

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TEAS!) all:

1138

TELOOGOOS

the enilowiiient. lie was called to the. pastorate of
tlie Tliirtl llaptist cliiin-h of St. Louis. In ii year
a Ljood cliuiic-l was Imilt and additions to tlioclmrch
wrre iinidc. Wliilc iii tin: midst of lliis L'ooil work
Ids days wore iMided liy tlie turriljle catastroplie
at the (jasoonailc Ijridge, on tlie I'aeilie Railroad,
where many ijroinini'nt citizens of St. Louis lost
their lives.

Teasdale, Jos. H., was born in New Jersey in
1S17; removed to Viri;inia when twenty'years of
iij^e ; made a profession of religion at eif^hteen,
and removed to St. Louis in 1847. Mr. Tea^dale
was one of the eoiislitiicnt menihers of the Third
Ba[itist eluirch of St. Louis, and for many years
has lieeu a deacon, ami a jji'nerons supporter of
the chureh. His hrotlier, Lev. John Teasdale,
was its pastor, and Tlionnis C. Teasdale, D.D., and
Deacon Martin Teasdale, a inemher of the Second
IJaptist chureh, are his brothers. His Christian
character and inllucncc are acknuwleilgdl in St.
Louis and in Missouri.

Teasdale, Thomas Cox, D.D., was born in the
township ol' W'anta.^ie, Susse.K Co., N. J., Ucc. 2,
18().S. He is the second son of tin; late lion.
Thomas Teasdale. His f;;randfather, Kev. Thos.
Teasdale, was an earnest liaptist minister, who
eini;i;rated from England to this country when his
oldest Son, Thomas, the father of I)r. Teasdale, was
fourteen years old. Not long after his arrival
Elder Teasdale settled in the northern part of Sus-
sex Co., N. J., anil t<iok charge of a church wduch
is known as the Hamburg eluir<-h. In the autumn
of 1826 it pleased (jod to impress young Teasdale
most deeply with a sense of his need of salvation.
He felt it to be his duty to identify himself with
the people of Goil, and accordingly related the ex-
ercises of his mind to the chureh, and on a bleak
November Sabbath in 1820 was bapti/.ed by Elder
Leon;ird Fletcher.

For a time after iiis Ijaptism his mind was greatly
exercised in regard to the work of the ministry.
He finally decidi.'d to obey the call, and in the
spring of 1828 he was licensed to preach by his
church. May of the same year he entered the
theological seminary at Hamilton, N. Y. In the
aiitunui of l8otJ he accepted a call to the [lastnrate
of a church in East Bennington. \'t., and was tu'-
<lained on the IGth day id' Decern ln'r, I8.!l).

In the s|iring of 1832 he removed to the city of
Philadelphia, I'a. He spent four years in I'liila-
dclphia and vicinity, devoting most of his time to
evangelical labors, \\'hich were eminently success-
ful. In the spring id' 183G he was invited to take
charge of the Iiigli sidiool in Newton, N. J. The
First and Second Baptist churehes of Newlun —
one located in the village of Lafayette and the ciliir
in the town of Newton — also recpicsted hi.i .-ser-
vices as their pastor. He removed to this lield, and

remained in it four years, and his ellbrts in avN'aken-
ing a deeper interest in education and religion
v/i've highly gratifying.

yiv. Tea.-sdah; scu'veil as pastor, after this, the First
Baptist church of New Haven, Conn. He was next
pastor of tlte Grant Street chureh, I'ittsburgli, Pa.,
after this, of the First Baptist church of Springlielil,
111., then, of the E Street church, ^V'ashington, D. C.
It was during his [lastorate in AVashington, in
18.^)2, that he received the honorary degree of Doctor
of Divinity from Uidon College, Schenectady,
N. Y.

In 1858, Dr. Teasdale removed to Columbus,
Miss., and took charge of tlie church at that |ilacc.
He had held a protracted meeting there six months
previous to this removal, which resulted in the
conversion of sonn; four hundred persons.

In l8(i3 he resigned the care of the church in
Ccdumlius, and preaclied to the Confederate sol-
diers until the close (d' the war. Dr. Teasdale was
for a time corresponding secretary of the Sunday-
School Board of the Southern Baptist (Convention,
which flourished during his term of service.

Iji 1873, Dr. Teasdali^ was elected to the chair
of llhetoric and I'.loeution in the University of
Tennessee, at Ivnoxville, where he now resides.
His life has been one of great activity and useful-
ness.

He has baptized over 3000 persons ; witnessed
the profession of some l."),IIOO persons under his
ministry; published several pamphlets and books,
the principal of the latter of which is a volume
of .ills " Revival Discourses ;" contributed mate-
rially in building up institutions of learning ; as-
sisted in cstalilishing the ''Orphans' Home,': in
Mississipyii. His work on " Baptism and Com-
munion" is of rare merit, and so are his '' Revival
Discourses."

Teloogoo Theological Seminary, Ramapa-

tam. — This institution is known as Brownson
Theological Seminary. ^YIlile .Mr. Clough was in
America, in March, 1872, and in January, 1874,
he secun;d an endowment of $50,000 for this school.
At the close of 187^ there were five natives and .Mr.
Williams, a missionary, in the faculty of the semi-
nary, and l.')2 students were under their care.
The course of instruction embraces the purely theo-
logical training of simihir semiiuiries in this coun-
try, with church history. Sermonizing is not neg-
lected.

The teachers and students take; charge of the
region for ten miles around the school, conducting
worship nnd Sunday-schools regularly iii thirty-
five towns and villages. In this way instruction
and (iractice are constantly united in the experi-
ence of these candidates for the holiest of offices.

TeloOg'OOS. — The country of the Tehiogoos is
on the western coast of the Bay of Bengal. It

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TELOOGOOS

1139

TEMPFAIANCR

stt'etcliua nui-lh iiinl smitli somu bOid or 7(1(1 miles,
and extends inliiiid from tiic coast from 'MM tu 400
iiiilos. Tiie liitust f^ilimatc iiiiikt'S tlie )iO|iulatioii

of liiiN <'.L try not far from IS, 000, 000, While

tlio tL'rrilory tljus ref<M-rt'd to coulaiiiM the hir;;or
portion of Teloo^oos, they arc foiinj in no small
niimhers in ail the (owns and eilies of Sonthern
India. 'I'he rolii^ion ol the 'I'elooitoos is lirah-
inaiiisui, with its ueeonipanying easte system.

The attention of Ameriean J5a|itists was called
to this interesting people in XX'A'i by Kcv. Amos
Sutton, who urged upon them the desirahh'uess of
establishin-!; a mission among them. Inlluenced
by liis suggestion, tin; board sent out in September
of that year, in ecnapany with niissionarirs who
were to occupy other stations, Uev. -S. S. Day
and liis wife, who, for a tiiue, resided tit A'iznga-
patam, one of the chief cities of the 'i'eloogoo coun-
try. Suliseiiui'hlly he removed to a suburban vil-
liige of Madras, called Wouarapetta. Four years
were passed in this locality witli but little visible
fruit. Mr. Day decided that the interests of the
mission would be better promoted by removal to a
ditlerent locality. Accordingly lie selected Nellore
as a suitable place for the establisliment of a mis-
sion statioti, and removed with his family to thiit
place. At the time of writing this sketch tliere are
seven stations among the Teloogoos, to wit: Nel-
lore, Ongole, Kamapatam, .Secunderabad, Kuniool,
JIadras, and Ilanaiiuiconda.

1. The mission at Nellore, as lias already been
said, was commenced by Air. and Mis. Day. Shortly
after their arrival at Nellore they were joined by
Uev. .Stephen Van iluscni and wife. The liist
Teloogoo convert was baptiiied by Mr. Day in
Septemljer, 1S4(). For several years there was but
little apparent success in the conversion of tlie
Teloogoos at Nellore. It was em)ihatically a. time
for seed-sowing, and faith and patience were tried
to their utmost in waiting for results. There was
no other baptism until 1843, when a solitary indi-
vidual submitted to the rite. Mr. \'an llusen was
obliged to leave the field of his labor in 1S4.5 and
go iiomo to America, never to return.' Mr. Day
followed in I84lj. Tlie question tif abandoning the
Teloogoo Mission was seriously discussed. The
Nellore station remained in the hands of native
assistants until the return of iMr. Day, who, in
company with Jlr. and Mrs. Jewett, sailed from
the United States Oct. 10, 1S48, and, arriving in
due time at the place of their destination, began
their work with new zeal and courage. But, for
five ycar.s, tlic fortunes of the niissicni were any-
thing but enconragiiig, and again the question of
abandonment was distaissed, iuid decided in the
negative. In 18.')3, Mr. Day Imving returned to
tliis country, Mr. ami .Mrs. .lewett were left alone
to carry on the mission. Kev. F. A. Douglass and

wife joined them in 18.J5. Amid trials and encuur-
iigements the work lias been carried on for more
than a score of years since this date, and now the
Nellore station reports i! missionuiies, ti nativi;
preachers, 3 churches, iind 3('i(i inembcrs.

-. At the Ungole station work wiis commenced
by .Mr. and Mrs. Jewett an<l one of the native Chris-
tians named Jacob, in I8').3. Ongole is seventy-seven
miles north of Nellore, and is a town made up al-
luost wlioUy of Teloogoos. Amidst the most dis-
couraging circumstances the mission was carried
on for years, and in 1862, Mr. Jewett, broken down
in health, was obliged to retire from the held and
go home to the United States. Again the question
of giving up the Teloogoo Mission wtis seriously
discussed. But Mr. Jewett pleaded earnestly for
its continuance and reinforcement, and his jdeas
were not in vain. Mr. C'loiigh returned with Dr.
Jewett to the Teloogoo 'country, and the station at
Ongole came under his s|)ecial supervision in 1800,
and on the 1st of January, 1807, a little church of
eight persons was organized. Years of earnest work
passed. The seed sown has sprung up into a most
bountiful harvest, ami tidings of the most thrilling
character come to us of the wonderful outijouring
of the Spirit of Ciod upon the jicoide, and the hope-
ful conversion and baptism of tliou.sands ol' the
Teloogoos of Ongole. The report of tlie executive
board, presented in May, 1880, gives the following
statistics concerning that station : J missionaries,
'li native preachers, 1 church, with 13,100 mem-
bers.

3. llamapattun, the third station among the Teloo-
goos, established in 180'J, is also in a prospcious
condition. There are here 'S missionaries, 10
native preachers, 3 churches, with 18.'')3 nieinbers.

4. The fourth station, Secunderabad, established
in 1875, reported in May 2 missionaries, 3 native
preachers, 1 church, with oG members.

5. The Kurnool station, establisbeil in 1870, bus
3 missionaries, 3 native preachers, 2churclies, with
270 members.

^Madras has 4 missionaries, 2 native preachers,
and 1 church, with a membership of 'J.

Ilananiaconda has 2 inissininiries.

The Teloogoo Mission iuis been wonderfully
blessed of God, and attracts to itself, in a remark-
able degree, the attention of the whole Christian
world. On it rests in a large measure the benedic-
tiun of heiiven.

Temperance. — " Wine is a mocker, strong drink
is raging, and whosoever is deceived thereby is not
wise." This divine testimony is abundantly illus-
trated in daily life. No habit is so dcce|itive ;is
that of using alcoholic beverages. Slowly but cer-
tainly it rivets its fetters upon its victim, who too
frccpicutly only realizes its power when the attempt
is made to bie;ik it.

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TEMPERANCE

1140

TENNESSEE

AV'itli niiUiy tlie struggle is unsuccessful. He
only is tlie victor wliu trusts nul in liis own
strengtli Ijut duily seeks divine lielp.

Careful investigation lias proved that the use of
aluoluilie stimulants is not needful to the enjoy-
ment of the liigiu!st health ; that it docs not secure
greater strength for cither liodily or ijiental ell'ort,
anil that it tends to shorten life. Surely he acts
■wisely who follows the divit\o command, " Look
not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it
glveth his color in the cup, when it nioveth itself
aright; at the last it bitetli like a serpent and
stingelli like an adder.''

Intcnipertuu-e brings <lisgraee, jirivation, and
poverty upon the drunkard and his family, and in-
jures society by the increased burdens imposed by
the crime and pauperism resulting from it.

Intemperance deadens the conscience, hardens
the lieavt, and leads men to dishonor (iod. It is
Satan's most successful weapon against the church
and the truth, and for the destruction of inuaortal
souls.

Among the obstacles to tlie temjjerancc reform
needing thoughtful consideration by Christians
are, First. The manufacture of domestic wines, not
for sale, but for houie use. These are claimed to
be unintoxieating, and consequently hai'mless.

Analysis, however, has shown that they contain
from four to twelve per cent., or more, of alcohol,
and therefore tend to create the appetite for stronger
drink.

Seconil. The medical use, without the S]}ec/<t!
advice of a conscientious (ihysieian, of alculiollc
liijuors.

Ezra M. Hunt, 51. D., in a very able paper read
biifore the International Medical Congress, held in
connection with the Centennial E.xhibition, at Phil-
adelphia, saj's, " We cannot conceal from ourselves
as physicians that thousands with sineci'ity indulge
in the use of alcoholic stimuli because tlu'y enter-
tain the idea that health requires it. Some |diy-
sician had advised a little wine cu' brandy or ale for
a special ailment, and the [laticnt cinitiniu's the
prescription, or renews it repeatedly, because ' his
eonslitutiou requiri's it.' ^Ve have been sadilened
to find th(jse |dedg<Ml to total abstinence thus using
the beverage, and really deceiving themselves. So
exceptional is the need of alcoholic liquors in any
chronic ailment, that no one who claims to be
u^ing them as miMlieiues should forget to consult
his physician eery J'lcquentlij about the necessity
for their continuance. If such were the rule, and
if physicians were truly conscientious, thousands
who now use tln.'ui medicinally would cease to
touch them."

The p(]sition of the Baptist denomination ou I hi;
tenipiManeo rcdin'ni is irnlieated by the repealeil
action of leading Associations declarinsr, in em-

jihatic terms, their approval of total abstinence.
No Baptist church in the Northern States would
receive or retain in its membership any one en-
gaged in the manufacture or sale of these beverages,
neither would it accept as a member the iiouse--
owner who rented his property for such purposes.

Let Christians live iii the practice of total al)sti-
nence from all intoxicating liquors, discounte-
nancing their use on wedding and other private or
public occasions, and maytjod hasteji the abolition
of their manufacture and use throughout the whole
earth !

Ten Brook, Rev. Andrew, was l)orn in Elmira,

N. Y., Sept. 21, 1S14. He received his educa-
tion— yireparatory, collegiate, and theological — at
Hamilton, linisliing the course in li'^4 1. In October
of that year lie was ordained pastor of the First
church in Detmit, and remained in this position
three years. The University of Michigan was then
beginning its work of instruction, and Mr. Ten
Brook was placed in the chair of Moral Philosophy.
He held this professorship till IH.^I. For twoj'ears
he was associated with tlie late Ale.xandi'r M. Bee-
bee in the conduct of the Ncio York Itaplist J'cyis-
ter, and had the chief editorial responsibility. In
I85G he was afipoioti'd U.S. consul at Munich,
Bavaria, and held the ollice till I8ii2. Returning
to the United States, he became libi'arian of the
University of Michigan, and remained in that posi-
tion till 1877. In 1875 he published an octavo
volume entitled "American State Universities and
the University of Michigan." While pastor in
Detroit ho was also editor of the Micliiijaii Chris-
liini Herald.

Tennessee, The Baptist of,— 'I'his paper, first
called Tin: Jlajjliaf, came into existence at Nash-
ville, Term., at some tinn; between the years 1830
and 183 j. Ilev. 11. B. C. Howell, 1>.I>., was its lirst
editor. For s(jme years its circulation was quite
limited, and \vhen it came under the editorial su-
[lervision of Ilev. J. R. Graves, in 1844, its list of
subscribers numbered only 100.5. For a time the
increase was slow but steady. The name was
changed to 'J'Jte 'J'cnnessce Jiaplist, and in the course
of a few years it became the pronounced advocate
of what haS since been termed '' Old-Landmark-
ism." Its circulation rapidly increased, and its
editor became very inllueutial. On Jlay 15, 1858,
its editors were announced as follows : J. R. Craves,
.1. M. Pendleton, and A. C. iJaytou. The two
brethren last named had been for sonu; 3'ears special
contributors. The increase in the number of sub-
scribers was constant and rapid, so that at the be-
ginning of the war its circulation was said to have
been larger than that of any Baptist paper in tlio
world. Till! publication of the paper was sus-
pended dining (he war, lint was renewed after the
return of peace. 'I'ho place of publication was

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TENNESSEE

1141

TENNESSEE

chani;ed fi-om Niislivillo tu Memphis. The niiiiic
of the Statu was dropiiod IVoin the title, ami it lias
appeaix'il sinue as The Jidpli.st, a quarto of sixteen
|)ii<;es. Dr. (Jraves has bren since tlie war its sole
editor, and he wields now (ISSl) as able a pen as
at any period of his eventful life, and his paper is
a power in a lari^e section of our eonntry. ,

Tennessee Baptists. — Tennessee is naturally
divided into three sections by the Cnmberland
Mountains and the Tennessee lliver, both of which
cross the State north and sonth, known as East,
Middle, and West Tennessee, and in this order they
were originally settled. The [leoplo in these divis-
ions have always been as distinct in their pursuits
and interests, and in their social and religious in
teroourse, as if they lived in diUerent and distant
States. In sketching the history of the Baptists it
will therefore in some measure be necessary to follow
this order, though sometimes their proceedings will
appear blended.

EAST TENNESSEE.

Some of the Tiortheastern counties of this section
began to be occupied previous to 1770, and among
the settlers there were some Baptists, emigrants
from North Carolina and Virginia. The country
at this time was a wilderness infested with wild
beasts, and the settlers were subject to murderous
incursions from iiostile Indians. Though the Bap-
tists do not seem to have been numerous, they were
among the first, if not. the first, to proclaim the
gospel in Tennessee territory. In 1781 they had
six organized churches holding associated relations
with an Association in North Carolina. These,
with one or two others, were formed into the llol-
ston Association in 1780. Among the pioneer min-
isters at this time in the country, and through
whose labors the Baptist denomination was estab-
lished, may be miMitioned .lames Keel, Thomas
Murrell, Matt. Talbot, Isaac Barton, \Vm. Murphy,
and -John Chastine from A'irginia, and Tidence
Lane, Jonathan Mulky, and Wm. Keno from North
Carolina. These ministers brought with them
man)' of their brethren, and in 0[ie or more in-
stances regular organized churches. They gener-
ally settled on farms and made their support by
tilling the soil or teaching school, and preaclicd on
Sundays or at night in private houses and in school-
houses, or in rude buildings improvised for worship,
and sometimes under the shade of trees. They
were pious, thoroughly read in the Scri|itures, and
gave evidence that " they had been with Jc'sus."
They lived among the [icople who heard their mes-
sages gladly, and the pleasure of the Lord pros-
pered in their hands. According to Asplund's
"Register" for 1700, the llolston Association had
a membership of 8S'J members, and by the begin-
ning of the next decade they had increased to 37

churches and 2500 members, keeping pace with the
increasing population of the country. In 1SU2 the
Tennessee Association was formed in a central
territory immediately surrounding Kno.xville, the
capital of the new State. Some of the ministers
connected with this organization were Duke Kim-
brougli, Klijah Rogers, Joshua Frost, Amos llanlin,
llaniel Layman, William Bellew. In 1817 it sent
out a colony of twelve churches and as many min-
isters to form the Powell's Valley Association.
And again, in 1822, another colony east of the Ten-
nessee River was organized into the lliwassoe As-
sociation, consisting of ten churches, which in-
creased its membershi[i and enlarged its territory
until 1830, when it divided and formed the Sweet-
Water Association, with 17 churches and 1100
members.

The year 1833 may be regarded as the beginning
of a new era in the history and progress of the Bap-
tists of East Tennessee, and the whole State as well.
Up to this time they had made commendable prog-
ress, having maintained internal harmony, and ke|)t
well up with the growth of tin; population ; but the
labor of evangelizing had been voluntarily per-
formed by the ministry at their own convenience and
expense. An extensive and general revival of re-
ligion, which began abontthis time and continued for
two or three years, suggested the importance of a
united and organized plan for supplying the desti-
tute with the gospel, and extending tlie inlluence
of their denominational principles. The initiative
of an organization was taken in Middle Tennessee
by Elders Garner McConnico, James Whit,sitt, and
Peter S. Oayle, who called a meeting at iMill Creek,
in»;ir Nashville, in October, 1833, and organized a
Baptist .State Convention. (Jonformlng to the pecu-
liar formation of the State, the Convention ap|)ointed
three boards to conduct its affairs, one in each di-
vision of the State. This plan continued for only
a year or two, when it was found impracticable to
unite the churches on a General Convention, when
the East Tennessee brethren withdrew and organ-
ized the General Association of East Tennessee.
The leading ministers engaged in this enterprise
were Samuel Love, James ICcnnou, Klijali Rogers,
Charles and Richard II. Taliaferro, Robert Sneed,
and William Bellew. Tiiis movement, while it
caused the secession of a few thousands of anti-mis-
sion Baptists, imparted new life to the great body
of the churches, and ins|iired the ministry with a
I'resh zeal, which gave increased momentum to de-
nominational progress. In 1817 the Uaptists in
East Tennessee had increascnl to 13,3UO, and 6573
anti-mission, or those wlio stood aloof from the
(ieneral Association, making a Baptist population
iif \'J,'M'.',. In 185s they had increased to 19,103
regulars, and, supposing the anti-missionaries to
have muintalned their strength of 0573, to au ag-

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-.) 1

TENNESSER

1142

TENNESSKE

gregate of L'5,()7iJ. In 1880 tlioir repoi'ts ^ivu ulioiit
45,000 regular wliUo liaptists, 2000 culoreil, ami
6000 imtUiiiissioii, or a (Vactioii ovui- 52,000 in East
Teniiosseu. At present tlie 15aplistsan! luimerically
iiuicli tlie largest (loiiomiiialion in this set'tion ol"
the State. Altliongh tlie Oeiieral Assoeiation has
contribiitc'il nnicli moral, and soirie ^locuniary, sup-
port in proilu(;ing tlieso results, tlicy arc due largely
to the zeal and voluntary labor of ministers, and
to missions supported by Assoeiatioirs.

In 1850 a college was chartered under the patron-
age of the General Association, known at present
as Carson College, located in a beautiful and fertile
valley in Jefferson County, near the town of IMossy
Creek, on the East Tennessee and Virginia l\ailroad.
It received its name fiom Hon. James II. Carson,
who be(iu<'athcil to it SI 5,000, the interest of which
was to be used in the education of young ministers.
Mr. Carson was one of the founders of the institu-
tion. 'I'lie college has no endowment, hut has
maintained its existence for thirty years from the
tuition fees, with a regular faculty of four profes-
sors. It lias trained in whole or in part nearly one
hundred ynung men for the ministry, and has done
much in the general cause of education. The Rev.
N. B. Ooforth, D.D., is its po|mlar ijresident.
There is a Female College at Bristol, Rev. D. C.
A\'^ester president, which is doing a good work in
the educati{m of young ladies. There is also a
private institution at Tazewell under the direction
of llev. Mr. Mauard, that is accomplishing much
in the cause of education among the Baptists. A
religious jiaper, 'I'/ic Baplial Jlc-aruii, is published
at Knoxville, and supported chielly by the Baptists
of this section.

MIDDLE AND WEST TENNESSEE.
The middle division of the State began to be
settled in 17S0, and, as in the eastern division,
among its pioneers there were Baptists and Bap-
tist ministers. The firsi church known to have
been formed was in 1786, on Red River, by Rev.
Joseph Orammer, and in 1791 another was founded
on the Sulphur Fork of the same river by Rev.
Ambrose Dudley and John Taylor, who visited
this region as missionaries from Kentucky. The
first Association was organized in 1706 ; but, owing
to internal difficulties which sprung uj), it was in
a few years dissolved, and in 1S03 the Cumber-
land Association was instituted partly of some
of its churches. This latter community had for
many years considerable prospci-ity, and had also
sonic of the best churehcs and ablest ministers
in the country ; but it is now <nily a small, declin-
ing, anti-mi.saion body, a very difl'erent organiza-
tion from the Cumberland Associati(jn, with which
are connected three of the Nashville churches and
the church in Clarksville, of which Rev. A. i).

Sears, D.D., is moilcrator. In 1810 t!ie Concord
Association was formed, its territory embracing
Nashville as its centre. In 1812 there was a
very general revival within its wide territory, and
it had an increase of over 800 by baptism that
year. Its prosperity continued until its territory
was divided and the Salem formed, in 1822, with
twenty-seven churches. Among the ministers who
had borne the heat and Ijurden of the day up to
this time may be mentioned Joseph Dorris, Daniel
Brown, James AVhitsitt, Garner McConnico, John
Wiseman, Joshua Lester, John Bond, and Jesse
Cox.

About the year 1824 the denomination, wliich
had been harmonious and prosperous, began to
meet with reverses from internal discord. The
doctrine of election and the extent of the atone-
ment became topics of bitter discussion, and re-
sulted in a division of churches and Associations,
and two non-altiliating bodies of Baptists ; the
seceding |)arty were called .Separate Baptists, who
built up several nourishing Associations. Im-
mediately following this division came Alexander
Campbell and his so-called reformation. The
church in Nashville, which had grown to be a large
and nourishing community, with between three
and four hundred members, had for its pastor Rev.
Philip Fall, a talented and popular young pastor,
who came under the intluence of Mr. Campbell,
embraced his sentiments, and carried with him the
whole church except twelve or iifteen members,
who adhered to the Ba]itist faith. Mr. Campbell's
inlluence was I'elt more or less throughout the
denomination in this State, resulting in the loss
of other ministers and members, and from bitter
controversies gathering much of its force. This
was followed in |833 by the secession of the anti-
mission party and renewed strife. But there was
compensation for these last divisions in the new
zeal ins|)ired by the organization of the Baptist
State Convention, and a reoonciliatioii and re-
union with the Separate party, who were quite as
numerous and more intelligent and progressive
than the anti-mission people. The few brethren
who, in the wreck of the church in Nashville, ad-
hered to the Baptist faith reorganizeil, and had
Elder P. S. Gayle for their pastor, and began again
to build up. Mr, Gayle resigning in 1833, Rev.
R. B. C. Howell, of Virginia, was called to the
pastorate, who with enthusiasm and zeal entered
into his work, and witli such success that within a
few years the Baptists had almost regained their
lost ground ; and from those faithful few, as the
germ, the four nourishing churches in tiie city have
grown up. Dr. Howell also entered cntliusiastie-
ally into the general interests of the denomina-
tion at large, and commenced the publication of
T/ic liajitisl, which he edited for many years, by

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TENNESSEE

1143

TERRILL

whicli lie did miiuh in dilFusing iiifoi-iiiiition, pro-
moting lianiioiiy, and fiirthoriiif!; tlie benevolent
woi'k ol' tlu! Convention, Tlio paper tlins started
Ktill exists, and lias liad a wide eireulation I'nr
thirty years, witli Rev. J. It. Graves as its editor
and propriotiir. Bnt it luis been removed from
Nashville to Meniplus, on the western burder of
llie State, and 'I'lie Jlnptisl liijlivtor has tiikcii its
plaee at Nashville, with Kevs. J. 15. ('hevis and K.
IJ. Wonniek as eilitors and pro[irietors.

East and Wei^t Tennessee having withdrawn
from the Convi'ntion and formed indepenilent or-
ganizations, the Middle Tennessee brethren dis-
continued tiie name, and substituted for it General
Association of Middle Tennessee, and afterwards
North Alabama was added. In addition to its
evangelical work, the General Assnciation, with the
co-operation of the other divisions of the State, es-
tablished at Murfreesboronifh Union University,
an institution of a hi^li order, and, until wrecked
by the exiiLencies ol' tlie civil war, one of the
most prospi'rous denominational institutions of
learning in the Southwest. l!ev. J. II. Eaton, D.D.,
had been its popular ]iresident fruni its foundation
until his di'alli, a lew years lielbrc the war, and
Kev. J. M. Pendleton, D.D., now of Upland, Pa.,
its e.xcellent theological professor. After the war
the institution was reorganized, and it struggled
on for ciisteiu'C for several years, with sunshine
and clouds alternately, until it was forced to sus-
pend. A C<nivent'Lon of Baptists of the State was
called at Murfreesbiu-ough in 1873 to consider what
should be done. The result whirh followed the
proceedings of that (Jonvcniiou was its liual sus-
pension, iind the establishment of the Southwestern
Baptist University, at Jackson, in the western part
of the State, wdiieh has now. been in successful
operation for Kve years. It has a medical depart-
ment in Memphis. IMiildle Tennessee Uaptists
have the Mary Sharpe Female College, at Win-
chester, which Inis had for twenty-live years un-
paralleled prosperity under the administration of
Kev. Z. C. Graves, LL. I).

Though West Tennessee began to be settled in
182U, and Baptist churches and Associations w<!re
soon after formeii, tiieir progress is not marked
with any special interest until about 1833. 'I'he
West Tennessee Convention was formed in 1830,
since which the denomination has made good prog-
ress, and has had some of the nn.ist liberal and
progressive brethren in the State. Some of those
who may )»■ regarded as their ablest pioneer min-
isters, nearly all of whom have passed away, are
Jerry Burns, 'I'lionnis Owen, P. S. Gayle, C. <\

Conner, N. G. Smith, (Collins, Georg.; N.

Young, J. M. Hart, ami David llaliliurton. 'I'he
AVest Tennessee Convention established the Browns-
ville I'emalc College, which has done a good work

in female education. In 1876 Middle and West
Tenin^ssee dissolved tlioir separate organizations,
and with some East Tennessee churches again
loriacd a Slate Convention, which now gives hope
of a suecesslnl union of the whole denomination
in its missionary and educational iiiter'.'sts. The
results of the hundred years of labor of the Bap-
tists in the State nniy be given from ollicial docu-
mcnls, with a few estimate-;, as follows : f!ast
Tennessee, 10 Associations and 45,1)1)0 members;
Miildlo Tennessee, 10 Associations and 22,000
members; West Tenin^ssee, 7 Associations and a
fraction under 20,000 members ; making in the
State 87,000 regular Baptists. Besides these, there
are estiniated to be 8000 anti-mission Baptists
and 20,000 colored Baptists.

COI.OKED BA1'TI.ST.S.

It is diflicult to g(!t correct statistics of the
colored Baptists. There is an increase of intel-
ligence in their preachers as they become edu-
cated iti llie common schools, access to which
they now have all over the State. The e.xcellent
institution at Nashville, under the direction of Rev.
Dr. Phillips, cstablisluNl by the American Baptist
Home Mission Society, is doing much to give them
an educated ministry, the lienelicial results of
which are already visible. "With their present
progress, and their desire for improvement, their
future, religiously and as citizens, may be regarded
as decidedly hopeful. AVith judicious and intelli-
gcmt leaders they will become a liberal and pro-
gressive ])eople.

Terrill, Prof. Anderson Wood, was bom in
Randolph Co., Mo., l.»ee. 20, 1S50. His early life
was spent in the country. After a tluM-ough pre-
paratory course, in which he excelled as a scholar,
he entered INIonnt Pleasant College, of which his
brother, J. W. Terrill, was president, and graduated
before he attained his nmjority. For four years he
was a member of the faculty of that institution.
He finally left iSIonnt Pleasant College to accept
the presidency of Hardin College, at Mexico, JIo.
In character he is positive. His purposes are firm
and his (dans sure to be executed. In manners he
is mild, and he possesses a personal magnetism
which attaches his pupils to him str<mgly. He is
a Baptist in religions sentiment, and a member
of that church. His wife, a gifted and cultivated
lady, is assooiateil with him as a teacher.

Terrill, Rev. Benjamin, was bom May 8, 1811,
in Boone Co., Ky. lie was converted at fourteen,
and baptized by Elder Absalom Graves. Hi: set-
tled in Missouri in 1831), and was ordained by Rev.
Jesse Terrill. His home was near Moberly. Ho
was a man of good native talent and preached the
truth clearly. Ten churches were established in
Central Jlissouri chielly through his instrumental-

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TERRILL

1144

TEXAS

ity. lie died at the residence of liis son, President
A. W. Terrill, of Mexico, June 17, 1S77, and was
Imricd iit liis old lionic near Molierlj', Mo.

Terrill, Edward, the fminder of tlio Baptist
college at Uristol, England, was Ijiirn in lOSf). lie
conducted for several years a llonrisliing scliool in
that city, and joined the Broadniead- church about
1659. He was soon called to tlic office of preaching
elder, and served the church witli great acceptance
for many years. In common with many other
members of tlie same church, lie was cast into
prison several times for the crime of nonconformity
to tiie established religioti. Tiie Broaduicad rec-
ords show that Mr. Terrill's death took place in
1685-8(!i, for on July 25, 108G, tlio church met " at
sister 'ferriil.'s to choose a ruling elder in the place
of dear Ijrother Terrill, deceased." Himself a man
pf 'learning, and Ijeing deeply inipressi'd with tlie
necessity of ministerial education, ho lel't a portion
of his estate in trust for tlio jiastor Of the Broad-
mead church, for tlie time being, under the follow-
ing conditions : "Provided lie be an holy man, well
skilled in the Greek and llelirew t(nigiies, in which
the Scriptures were originally written ; and devote
three afternoons in the week to tlic instruction of
any nuniber of young students, not exceeding
twelve, who may be recommended by the churches,
in the knowledge of the original languages, and
other litiTuture." 'fhis bequest became available
about 1717, and has been ever since a source of
permanent income, for the objects conteniplated by
the testator, under the name of Terrill's Fund.

Terry, Rev. A. J., the elHeient pastor at Bayou
de Glaise, La., was born in Mississippi in 1841);
began to preach in 1866; removed to Louisiana in
1S71.

Terry, Rev. Nathaniel G , an elociuont and
eminently successful minister in the Green River
Valley, was Ijorn in Barren Co., Ky., Nov. 17, 1820.
•He took an academic course at (jllasgow, in his na-
tive county, and linished his education iit (.'entre
College, Danville, Ky., after which he took charge
of the' Masonic Female College, in (ilasguw. lie
unit-ed witli Salem Baptist church, near his birtli-
place, in 1841. He was licensed to preach in Au-
gust, 1858, and ordained in December of the same
year. vSoon after his ordination he was called to
the Baptist church at Glasgow, wliere he labored
with success for fourteen years. He then removed
to his farm ni-ar Caverna, Hart Co., Ky., where he
has since resided, lieing pastor of four country and
village churclies. He has baptized over 1100 per-
sons, and has been moderator of Liberty Association
eleven years. He lias been engaged in two oral
debates, in wliich be proved himself a skilll'ul )>o-
leniic, and he is regarded as tlie ablest defendur (if
Baptist |iriiiciples in his region of the State.

Test Act, — See Coiu'oii.irioN \.Nn Tkst Acts.

Texas Baptist. — Before the war a paper by
this name was issued from Anderson, Grimes Co.,
edited by I'ev. George W. Baiiies, Sr. On Jan. 3,
liS74, Rev. R. C. Buckncr commenced the issue of
the Jiaptist Messenger at Paris, 'fexas. In 1875
he removed to Dallas, thence issuing (he MesseiHjfr.
On Jan. \'A, 1879, he changed the name to Texax
Baptist, and he has built up a good piiblishing
house, and secured an encouraging list of sub-
scribers. The paper is e.ierting a wide influence.

Texas Baptist Educational Society. — Organ-
ized in 1845; suspended from 1861 to 1872; reor-
ganized in the latter year. It has aided more than
100 young men in obtaining an education for the
ministry. It has a small sum (>^500), donated by
Rev. J. W, D. Creath, bearing interest, which is
annually incorporated with collections, and appro-
priated to beneficiaries. Rev. J. W. D. Creath is
paying an additional ?500 in annual installments
of .'?50 per annum. Ilev. Henry L. S. Graves is
president. Rev. W. Carey Crane is corresponding
secretary, and C. R. Breedlove, Fsq., is treasurer,
'i'he society meets aiiiuuilly with the State Con-
vention.

Texas Baptist Herald. — Under the direction
of the Texas Baptist .State Convention, on May 31,
1805, one number of the Texas Christian llcraid
was issued, edited by W'm. Carey Crane and 11(ji--
ace Clark. No other number was issued under
that name. On Dec. 13, 1865, the books, ])rinting
paper, and about ?60 in guld wore turned over to
Rev. J. B. Link, who undertook to issue the Texas
Jiaptist Herald on that day, with the understand-
ing that all existing enterprises in Texas should
be sustained. Indefatigably laboring, Rev. J. B.
Link, aided by strong friends, has won success.
The journal thus started has grown in usefulness,
until now it has an encouraging list of subscribers,
with a strong office, and ranks among the first Bap-
tist newspapers in the Union. Rev. J.li. Link and
Rev. O. C. Pope, editors; Rev. Jones Johnston,
business manager; published at Houston.

Texas Baptist State Convention was organ-
ized Sept. 8, 1848, at Anderson, Grimes Co., Texas.
Its olijects are home missions, foreign missions, ed-
ucation, and such other measures as will promote
the unity and harmony of the whole denomination
and extend the gospel in the State. During its
existi;nce about ?75,t)00 for the support of mission-
aries in destitute places in the State have been
raised, and thus have laid the foundations of a
large number of churches. It has raised and for-
warded about 5^1 8,000 fir foreign mission.s, and iias
aided all the general lienevolent enti;rprises of the
day. It has fostered Baylor University and Baylor
Female (college, whose trustees it a]ipoiiits annu-
ally. It ciMii|n'ises over one-half of the State in its
present operations, allowing the General Associa-

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..I I -t I* ' /

TEXAS

1145

ruMir

tion mill tlic Kiislcni Convention tho riMniiinJcr nl'
tliu Stall;. Its presidents liiive been Henry li.
Graves, J:imes Ilnekins, J. W. U. Cieatli, K. E. Ij.
Kaylor, Iliil'iis C. 15nrlesori, Ilosea (iariett, Wni.
Carey Crane, and C. C. Cliaidm. linn. 0. II. P. Gar-
rett lias held tlie oilice of reeurdiii^ secretary most
of tin; time sineo ISl.S. No otiier orjiawization lias
e.\erted u (grander iiilltience on tlio Stale tliaii this
State Convention. Ilesiiles its ollieers ami direc-
tors it lias a hoard of trustees, eliarlered liy the
Le^islatnre, to which is comniltted the eharj^e of
all bequests and trusts. Thhs lioard have $1100
loaned out, the bequest of IMrs. Mary Viclicrs,
bearinu: ten jier cent, interest, which interest is
aiimially apjiropriated to domestic missions in the
State.

Texas Baptist Sunday-School Convention,

orj;anized at liide|iiiidenee in November, Istjlj,
has sustained a de|)ositaryaiid a j;eiieral mission-
ary dnvinij; nearly all its existence. Its mission-
aries, eliarj^ed with the work of uri;anii;ing new
Sunday-sehouls and inl'iismg life into old ones,
have been Kev. S. S. Cross, llev. .M. V. Smith,
Kev. ^V. II. Robert, llev. II. L. Graves, and Kev.
^\'. \>. I'owell. the present inenmbent. In 1S77-7S
seventy new Sunday-schools were ori.'ani/.ed. 'W.
11. Howell, Es,,., President; Ilev. J. M. Carroll,
Correspnndinj; Secretary : 1'. Hawkins. Exp, Ue-
eordini; Secretary, Anderson, Grimes Co., Texas.
Texas Baptists in 1880.— Whole number of

communicants, |ll7,''^i7S ; churches, I'JIO; Associa-
tions. SI ; Sunday-sehouls, ''<M ; eollei;es and uni-
versities, 4; new.spapcrs, 3 ; value ol' college prop-
erty, S:2OO,0OO ; Anti-MissioiKiry ]5a|itisls number
10(11) commnnicants.

Texas, Eastern Baptist Convention of, was

orj!;anized at Overton, Texas, in 1^77. It pro|ioses
to sustain missions in that part of Texas chielly
lyinj; between the Trinity and Sabine Ilivcrs. Its
iiiainigers are men of ability, iiilhicnee, and piety,
and iiincli ;;ood will unquestionably result from
their ell'urts.

Texas, Freetlmen's College of.— The Baptists
(d'tiiis country arc making extraordinary ell'orts to
educate their white and colored ministers. No
eommunity in the United States lias done more in
this department of benevolence, and witiiin the last
lifty years no other dciioininatipn has done as
much.

In October, hSSO, a ten-acre lot was purchased in
Marshall, Texas, at a cost of S2.')00, and paid for by
the eidored I'.aplists and thi;ir friends living on
tin; field. The fjt is for IJishop liaptist College.
It is on the west siile of the city, beautifully orna-
mented with shade-trees. In the centre of it stands
a two-story briek mansion, 4t) feet wide and (iO
feet long. On the 17tli of June, 1881, ground wa.^
lirokcn for anew building, to cost $lt),(HIO, In bi'
7:J

erected by the Am(;riean Uaptist Home Mission
Society. The college will open in tiie autumn for
the higher education of colored ministers and
teachers in the Southwest, where more than one-
tenth of the colored population of the United States
resides.
Texas, General Association of, was organized

in ISI'm. It has Innl ihi; same olijects in view as
the Slate Coiucntlon, and has sustained mission-
aries in destitute regions uf the Stall'. It has raised
nearly .S^O.OtJO for various ohjei/ls since its organi-
zation, and has exercised no little inlluence over all
Northern Texas. Its jircsidents have been Gen.
James E, Harrison, Gen. Jos. W. Speight, Kev. A.
E. Clemimms, U.U., and lli;v. Uulns ('. Uurleseni,
H.D.
Texas Union Association was organized at

Travis, Austin Co., republic of Texas, Oct. 8, 1840.
It w:is the lirst in Texas, composed of 3 churches
and 4.') communieants. First moderator, 4'. W .
Cox; J.W.Collins, (Jlerk; K. E. B. Baylor, Corre-
sponding Secretary. It has imw 51 churches and
3142 communieants. Out of it liave sprung all the
organizations and institutions in 4'exas.
Tharp, Benjamin Franklin, D.D., one of the

most aide and rc^peclrd niiiii^tcis of Georgia, and
a resident of Perry, Houston Co., was born Sept.
lb, 181'.), in 4'wiggs County. His grandfather,
llov. V. A. Thar)), iVom Virginia, was one of .Miir-
ion's men towards the close of the Revolutionary
war. He removed to Gc;orgia and Settled in War-
ren County after the Revolutionary war. ^\'ln. A.
4'havp, Dr. B. F. Tharp's father, sent him t.i .Mer-
cer Institute, in which and in iMerecr Uniicrsity
he veinaineJ .six years, graduating in 1641, and
then repairing to Newton Theological Seminary to
prepare for the ministry. His father dying before
his theological course was completed, he returned
home and engaged in binning. Nevertheless he
entercil the miui.-try iinmi:diattdy, and took charge
of some of the mo^t important eluirchea in South-
western Georgia, inchiding those at Perry, Hayne-
ville, and Jclfersonvilie. For at least thirty-live
years lie lia.s been actively engaged in the ministry,
having served several ehurches more than a quar-
ter of a century. He has risen to primiinence
among the Baptist ministers of Georgia both as a
preacher and a scholar, and stands equally high in
the estimation of the public and in the ali'cctions
of his brethren. In the Uehoboth Association hi^
inlluence is unsurpassed, and he has taken the lead
in that benevolent body in promoting its missions in
Central Africa and among the Indians of llie West,
Always wealthy, he has been able to |neacli much
to poor churches without compensation, .\moiig
the cidorcd people he has labmed largely and witli
much success, and when, after the war, the ccdored
members of the white churcdies withilrew and

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THAKP

114(5

THOMAS

formed cliurolies of their own, witii pastors of their
own color, l)r. Tharp turneil ovi'r lo the colored
pastor ol' the new ruloreil I'erry chnreh KMJIJ nieiii-
Ijers. To these he had I'or years preaelied I'aith-
fully, and anion;; tiieni lie had eatal)rished Siinday-
aelmols, whieli liad h)ni!; been tan;;lit by tiic yiiun;;er
male ami leinale iiieiaberM of the u'hite eluneh at
Perry.

Siiieo 1851, Dr. 'I'harp has Ijeeii a trustee of
JNIercer University. During the war he was a vol-
untary evaMj;elist in the army, and for two years
lie was an aj^ent, without salary, for .Mercer Uni-
versity, and increased its endowment iS20,U0(l. lie
is a strcHii; preacher, a decided Baptist, and a man
who, by his intellectual ajipearanee, would attract
attention anywhere. His Jiiety is undouljted, and
his liberality is i^reat. The degree of Doctor of
Divinity was conferred on him by Mercer Univer-
sity in IST^i.

Tharp, Rev. Vincent, was born in Virginia in
ITfilJ, fought ill the Kevolulionary war, and removed
to lieorgia, wlierc he was cmverted and joined the
Brier t/'reek church, NN'arren County, by which he
was licensed and ordained in 1800. lie served
several churches in Burke (Jounty, afterwards mov-
ing to Twiggs County. He was pastor of Stone
Creek church. His labors were blesscil to the sal-
vation of many. For years he was moderator of
the Khene/.er Association, and was very highly es-
teemed by his brethren. He died in tln^ triumphs
of faith in 182."^- Many of Ins descendants are
among the most respectable and wealthy citizens
of Georgia, anioiig whom may be mentioned Uev.
Charnick Tharp, a son, and Dr. 15. F. Tharp, a
grandson.

Thearle, Rev. F. G., was bom in London,
Knuland, Oct. 21, 1828. Coming to this country
in IS.'iO, he lirst engaged in mercantile pursuits,
but al'terwards studied law, and was admitted to
practice in the courls of his adopted State, — \\'is-
consin. His conversion occurred in the year 1858,
and he was baptized at Darlington, February 14
of that year. Becoming convinced of his <luty to
l)reach the- gospel, he entered the ministry, and
became pastor of the Haptist church in Tafton,
Wis., wdiere he was ordained in October, 1859. In
April, I8G5, he removed to Decatur, III., having
accepted the call of the Baptist church in that
place, and there continued until forcetl by failure
of health to resign, in 18(38. Alter about one year
and a half he was appointed district secretary of
the Ainerii-:ni Baptist I'ublication Society for the
Morthwesr, his Ibid iiieliiding Northern Illinois,
Wisconsin, .Michigan, Minne-ota, and Dakota 'I'cr-
ritory. Tiiis immense district was cared for by
him in the interest of liis society with iinik.'d
elliciency until his transfer to the business depart-
ment, as deiwsitary, of the society's branch house

at Chicago, March 15, 1879, which place he still
holds.

Thickstun, Rev. Thomas F., was born in

(Jrawfonl Cn., I'a., July .'!, 1824; was ediicited in
the common .schools uf his native county and at
KingsviUe Academy, O. Afterwards for a time
studied medicine, and attended a c'onrse of lectures
in ('leveland, O. Alter I'luther consideration ho
dcvott'd himself to teaching, and for twenty-three
years he pursued that jjrol'ession. He taught in
KingsviUe Academy and the Gcanga Seminary,
0., Jleadviile Academy, Pa., and the Baptist Insti-
tution, Hastings, IMiiin. He was ordained in 1861,
and in 18(55 commenced his lirst pastorate at Wa-
verly, Iowa, where he remained three years, build-
ing a good meeting-house and |)lacing the church
in a vigorous condition. In 18l)8 he became pastor
of the newly-organi/.ed church at Council Blulfs.
A good meeting-house was built, and a position of
strength and hope gained. He has served the Iowa
Baptist State Conveiitiou as secretary two v'ars,
one year giving his entire time to the work of the
Convi'iition.

Thomas, Rev. Arthur G., was born in New

Colmiiliia, Pa., Feb. 2.), 1827; ordained to the
work of the ministry in Freeport, III., March 18,
1858. lie has also served as pastor with much ac-
ceptance in the I'ollnwing places: Baltimore, iMd. ;
Mount Holly, Camden, and Jacobstown, N. J. ; and
in Chester, Pa. During the civil war he served as
chaplain in the U. S. army hospitals. JNIr. Thomas
is a diligent student. He has traveled extensively
in l'juro)ie and in the Fast. As an author, he has
contributed to the Sabbalh-sehool literature of the
present day a valuable and interesting volume en-
tilled '"fhe Fields of Boa/,.''

Thomas, Rev. Benjamin, the father of the
Ucv. B. 1). Tliuma-,, of Phihubdpliia, Pa., was
born near i\leldiyiii, ('armarthensuire. ^Vales, in
the year 1792. Having licen found an aia'cjitable
preacher by the Baptist church in that vicinity, he
was induced to enter Horton, now Kawdon, Col-
lege, under the |iresideiicy of Dr. William Stead-
man. At the close of his college course he accepted
the pastorate of the infant church at Narbcrth,
Pembrokeshire, where he ministered with lldelity
and acceptance for a period of forty years. At
the comiiicncemeiu of his ministry the Knglish-
speaking jiortion of I'emhro'Keshire was in great
spiritual destitution. By nsison of his incessant
labors, and the active help of others, the wil-
derness was lioiiic to bloom with a new, and spir-
itual life. W'lliiiii the pcricid ul his ministry
churclu'S grew up and liourislual in every pail of
that once neglected region. He was for many
years their apustle and qinisi-jiisbop, while at the
same time giving the necessary attenlioii to the
demands of one of the largest churches in the

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THOMAS

1147

THOMAS

county :is piistoi-. Iln dii'd .Inly 0, 1802, but his
iKiiiu) ;unl iiiciiiory lire IViigriiiit in all lliiit rci;i(in
ol i-iiiiiiiry still.

Thomas, Benjamin, D.D., lato picsiilcnt of
Judson Uiiiveisity, Ark., was born in ^(jiith Wales
in 182i5. When qnile yuiini; iio ronioved to tlie
Statu ol' Ohio. Ho was (Mluoatcd at DcMiison Uni-
versity, 0., and orduinod in IcS-lli. Besides teiu:h-
in;; in Vermilion Colleiii!, lie hii.s lilled the Ibllouiiin
pastorates in Ohio: JMansfielJ, iMonrocville, First
cluircli in Zanesville, Brooklield, and Newark, be-
sides jierforming iiiucli evanneiistie labor. Subse-
quently he removed to Bloomini;ton, 111., and be-
came Western secretary of the American Bible
Union. llavini; lilled other impoitant positions
in Illinois, he eanio to Arkansas in lMO-1, and be-
came presiilent of Judson University, whieh )iosi-
tion he held until recently. Durini; the war he
servctl iis a suldii'r in the Federal army, and be-
came lirevet culonel.

Thomas, Rev. Benjamin D., was born near

Narbertli, Pembrokeshire, Wales, in January, 1.S43.

■^"•/C>S'

ra:r. h. u. tho.mas.

Ills father was pastor of the ehurcli in Narberth
for forty years. Spent four years in (Jraii; Iluuse
Academy, Swansea, and f^raduated at Il;i\ erl'ord-
Wesl. His (irst and only pastorate in "Wales was
at Xciilh, Ohiinur^^anshiri!, whore he labored for
(ii.x years. He I'ame to the United States in the
fall of bSCS, ami soon afterwards entered upon the
jiastorate of the ehun'h in I'ittsfon, Ta., where In-
remained nearly three; years, lie then acc:epted a
call to his present lield of labor, the Fifth church.

Philadelphia, and entereil upon his duties Gel. 1,
1S71. lie is a nmn of line )iersonal appearance,
(d' a modest and retiring; disposition, and t)f unaf-
fected simplicilj' of manners. .As a preacher, he
brinies forth things new and old from Bible treas-
ures, and presents them to his hearers in " thoughts
tlnit breathe and words that burn." lie has eon-
tribuled occasionally to ridigiejus jmirnals, ami has
recently published a little volume id' rare merit en-
titled " Popular E.xcnses of the Unconverted." lie
labors earnestly to win souls to the Saviour, and
has greatly endeared himself t(j an appreciative
and devoted jjeople.

Thomas, Rev. Cyrus, a imtive of Sudbury,
Rutland Co., Vt., where he was Ikuii Aug. 15,
IS-IG; was converted and baptized when eighteen
years of age by Rev. C. X. Thomas, D.D., of Bran-
don, Vt. ; educated at Middlebury College, Vt., and
at Alton 'riicidogieal Seminary, Alton, III. ; or-
dained at Upper Alton, 111., in July, 18110 ; has
been pastor of three churches, — Bollville, 111., East
St. Louis, and New Lisbon, ^Vis., wdiere he lias
been settled six years, and where he now resides.
During the late war Mr. 'I'homas entered the U. S.
service in the 1st Vermont Heavy Artillery, in
whieh he was commissioned a lieutenant. lie
was twice wounded while in battle, and he is dis-
abled for life. He was twice prnmoted for gallant
conduct. His ministerial ri'cord is excellent, and
he is highly esteemed for his work's sake.

Thomas, Danford, LL.D., was bom in Win-

throp, iMc., Sept. 2(J, IMT. After taking a pre-
paratory course at Kent's Hill and Waterville, Me.,
he entered Colby Univin'sity, where he graduated
in 1838. The next year he was appointed tutor in
Colby College. In 1840 ho was eleeteil to the eliair
of Ancient Languages and Liti'raliiic in (ieorge-
town College, Ky., a pcjsitimi he has now occupied
forty years. He united with a Baptist church
in his native State in his fourteenth year, and has
been a liberal contributor to the benevolent enter-
prises id' his di;nomination. He takes special in-
tiu'est in literary and theological eduealion, and
has for some time been president of the Baptist
Sunday-School Board in Kentucky.

Thomas, Rev. David, A.M., (d' whom Dr. R. B.

Sem|ili! sa3's, " There were lew such men in the
world in his day,'' was born at London Tract, Pa.,
Aug. I(), 1732. He was educated at Hopewell, N. J.,
under the fairious Isaac Raton, and received the
degree of A..M. from Rhode Island Cidlegc (now
Brown University). He Avas orilaincd to the min-
istry at about the age of eighteen years. In KTil
he went with John (jami and .James Miller as a mis-
sionary from tin; Philadelphia Ba]itist Association
to Virginia. During a preaching tour in Fau((nier
County lie formed the Broad Run eliurcii, and be-
came its pastor about I7fi2. Immense crowds were

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THOMAS

1148

THOMAS

attv^ictftd liy Ills innii^try, inul pcuplo traveled from
fifty to a luiiiJrod lailes to hear iiiiii. hi 1703 hi!
went to Uiil|je|ic'i- (!oimty to [)r<.'aoli, but tlio inob
uiilic;i|iatod and iircyt'iiti'd liiiii. lie, liowcvor, on-
tci;ed Oi'ango County, and was more sucoossful.
'J'liis was the first time any JJapti-ili had preaehej
iu lliat part of Vir;;iiiia, and he met with much
rude treatment, at one time Ijeiui; ih'a;;i;ed from
the puljiit and treated iu a brutal manner. In
spite of opposition lie eontiniied his labors with un-
aliatod zeal, until many eliiirehes were formed in
Northern Vir;;inia. Diiriiij; the Revolutionavy war
lie f;ave his inllnenee and the power of his j^reat
ehaiuenee to the cause of the eohmies. A poem
of his, deinnmeiuj; the union between the Epison-
pal chuicdi and the state in Virginia, had iiiueli to
do with the destriiutiou of that unholy relatimi.
'I'hoinas JeHersiiii held hiin in high esteem, and
i'atriek llonry eherished a warm regard for him.
In ITISH he removed to Berkidey County, and took
charge of Mill Creek church, to which he min-
istered about eight years. In 1790 he removed to
Kentucky, and was settled over Washington church
in Mason County. After a short time he lo./ated in
.lessamine County, ami united with East Hickman
church. lie died almnt I SSd 1 .

Thomas, Rev. D. B., an clliciont Louisiana
minister, was burn in Tennessee in 1S04; ordained
in 1850, and was some time a missionary of Ouach-
ita Association, La. ; <iied Jan. 22, IS72.

Thomas, Rev. Evan J., was born in South
Wales, March 111, 1S21. He came with his parents
to the United .States in ls;',2, landing in I'hiladel-
phia. At the age of thirteen he experienced con-
version, and was baptized at Pittsburgh, Pa., liy
Uev. Peter Lloyd, pastor of the Welsh Baptist
church in that city. In 184(5 he was ordained as a
liaptist minister in Miami Co., O. His jiastorates
since have been in that State and in Indiana, .Mich-
igan, and Illinois ; at Atlanta, iu the last-named
State, he is now living. His name has stood upon
the lists of the Illinois Baptist ministry for nearly
thirty years, and he retains undiminished the love
and ciinfidenee of his brethren. Four of Mr.
Thomas's brothers have been, or are. Baptist min-
isters,— J(din K, Thomas, David E. Thomas, Daniel

Thomas, and Benjamin Tho s, D.D. The last

named is still in the work, the others have finished
their course and gone to their reward. All five
of these brothers have been successful in their min-
istry to a marked degree, having baptized thou-
sands of converts, of whom many are now in the
ministry. A son of Mr. Thomas, Uev. J. B.
Thomas, graduated at the seminary in Chicago in
the class of 1880, and is now pastor at Dubui|ue,
Iowa.

Thomas, John, M.D., was bom at Fairford, In
England, .May 16, 17.07. He first practised his

profession in London, but subsequently becamo
physician to an Easl-Indiaman. He was cunvcrled
through a sermon preached by the celebrated Dr.
Samuel Stennett, I'rom John vi. 27, In 178,'!, when
he reached India by the " O.xford," bo was verv
desirous of meeting with serious Christians, Euro-
peans, of course, but he- could find non(^ In \'','s'>
he was baptized in London by tlii^ venerable Abra-
ham Booth, and he began to preach in dillerent
places soon after. The next year when he reached
India ho established a prayer-meeting and soriie-
times ]ireaohed. From 1787 to 1792 Dr. Thomas
remained in India, and labored earnestly to lead its
perishing people to Jesus, with the awakening of
a lew Hindoos.

Dr. Thomas came again to l''ngland to take his
family to India, that he might devote himself
wholly to mission work/ 'I'o his joyful surprise
he learned of the Baptist Missionary Society, just
foi-med, and of the intention of William Carey to
labor among the heathen. They both went to India.
Dr. Thomas preached with some success, and then
for a time became insane. He died of brain feviy
iu Calcutta in September, 1800.

He was imprudent, but full of zeal for souls, and
full of faith in the triumph of truth.

Thomas, Rev. J, A. W., is an exception to the
general rule that "a prophet is not without honor
save in his own country." He has spent his life
in ISIarlboroiigh Co., S. C. He was born Dec. iil,
1822, baiitized in his fifteenth year, licensed to
preaidi in 1848, ami ordained in 184"J, He has
been pastor of the Benaettsville cliureh from that
time to the present.

He was in the war three years and a half as a
captain. He, however, (ireached almost as regu-
larly as nt homo, and baptized sevent}' soldiers.
Since his ordination he has baptized about 1000
persons, and preached .'"lOIIO times.

Thomas, Jesse B., D.D., was born at Edwards-
villi!. 111., July 29, ls;i2. He is the son of the late
Hon. Jesse B. Thomas, judge! of the Supreme Court
of Illinois. He was gradnaleil at Kenyon College,
0., in 1850, and commenced preparation for the
profession of the law. He was admitted to the bar
in Illinois in 1855. In I,S52 entered Kochester
Theological Seminary to |u-epare for the ministry,
but ill health obliged him to leave after a short
period. For a time he was engaged in mercantile
[airsuits in Chicago. In I8G2 he gave himself
wholly to the work of the ministry, and became
jiastor of the Baptist (duireli of Waukoiran, III. In
181)4 he accepted a call to the Pim-pont Strei't liap-
tist church, Brooklyn, N. Y. He subsei(iienily set-
tled as ]iastor of the First Baptist clinreh of San
Francisco, Cal., of the Michigan Avenue Baptist
church, Chicago, and in 1874 betook charge of the
First Baptist church of Brooklyn. After the First

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THOMAS

1149

THOMAS

chiirol] iMiilice wiis burned its iiieinbei'H hokl united
survicus witli tlif Piorpoiit Struut uluircli, wliicli ro-
suitcd ill tliu uiiiuii of tliii two cliurolics and the
crot:tion of tlie lino cdilioe wliicli they now uccupy.
Dr. 'J'liomiis is liy iiaturG uri oiMtor. His voice,
his iMiuiiier, liia wit, mid liis eariiebtiicss cajitivato

v-x

JESSE U. THOMAS, D.B.

sind arouse iiis audiences to an unwonted degree.
][e is also a seliolar in the liroadest sense. His
lectures on the theories of nuidern skeptics have
heen pronounced as ecinai, if not superior, to those
ol' Dr. ilosepli Piii-ker, hy tlieir accuracy of state-
iiieiit, liiultlcss rhetoric, and resistless logic. They
liave been received by learned assemblies with de-
liglit. As a lecturer, he uses brief notes, siniply
iiidicatiiii; the lines of thought. As a preacher,
he employs none, yet his ideas are always clothed
ill a|ipropriate c.>;pressions, and tlio repetition
and redundancy of urdiiiary extemporaneous speak-
ers never mar his discourses, lie is genial and
unassuiuing, with great powers of persuasion
and a strong intellect. He never discusses the
minor dili'erences, but seeks by all means to bring
mi'ii to Christ, and to strengthen the faith of the
church in its divine Teacher. lie is sometimes
borne away by the strength of his emotions, and
indulges ill iiiipa^sioni.'d pi(;turings of the realm of
tlioliglit h(' is exploring. liis auilienccs seem to
be witnessing a drama where; the towers and giiuits
of error and doubt are falling on every side If
his life is spared, for which we devoutly pray, he
will be the most inlluential ministi^r in .\miMica,
with a reputalion as wide as .Vnglo-Saxondoiii.

Thomas, Rev. J. D., was born in Lower I'rov-
idence, Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 22, lS3(i.
During student-lil'u in tiie university at Lewisburg
he made a profession of faitli, and united witli the
liaptisl (Ihurcli. .Subseipiently be enleri;d the
ministry, and sclfled as a missiimary jiastin' over
several fceblu eburcln^s in llnnlingdon Co., I'a.
I'Vir the space of eleven years he faced the winter's
stcH'iii and endured the siiiumer's heat, anil faith-
fully |ierfuriiied a noble work on a licld which fe\v
are found to covet. But forbidding as was the toil
of travel and the care of three feeble churches, he
joyfully accepted his allotted work, and continued
in it until, in November, iS7S, he was suddenly
called to his linal rest.

Thomas, Robert S., D.D., was born In Scott
Co., Ky., June 20, 1805. He was converted at the
age of sixteen, and baptized by Jeremiah Varde-
man, in Paris, Ky. He was ordained, in 1830, in
Coluiiibia, Mo. I and was jiastor there for years,
lie labored as an evangelist; introduced Sabbath-
schools into .Missouri. In 1835 he aided in organ-
izing the Oeneral Association, and was an honored
member of it for twenty-live years. His wisdom,
ability, scliolarshi[i, and successful labors gave
liim a high |)lace in the denomination in Missouri.
He was Professor of Languages and Moral Science
in the State University. In lS53, president of
NVilliam Jewell College. His last days were spent
in organizing a church in Kansas City, and in la-
boring successfully as its pastor until his death,
•June 12, 185'J. In all relations he was a model
man. His monument is of a spiritual character,
and it will last forever.

Thomas, Rev. Smith, a popular and eloquent
pastor and evangelist, was born in Washington
Co., Ky., Sept. 4, ISjO. He united with Hardin's
Creek Kaptist clinich, near his birthplace, in his
seventeenth year, and was licensed to preach at
the age of twenty-two, and soon afterwards or-
dained. Ho was several years pastor of Cox's
Creek and other churches in Nelson and Siielby
Counties. Upon the death of his wife, in 1854, he
gave himself almost wlndly to the work of an evan-
gelist in Kentucky and Missouri. Uuiing his min-
istry he baptized about 1300 persons, chielly into
the churches of which ho was ])astor, and abcmt
2000 others wore brought into the churches under
his labors, and baptized by pastors, while he was
acting as an evangelist. Of those who were emi-
vertcd under his ministrx', thirty-four became
ju'cachors of the gospel. He made his home in
Louisville during the latter years of his life, and
was about twelve years moderator of Long Run
Association. He diiid March 27, bS()9.

Thomas, Thomas E., Benjamin H., Sr., Ben-
jamin H., Jr. — 'I'hI.s '^runp embraces father, son,
and grandson, the latter now preparing for the

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THOMAS

1150

THOMPSON

ministry. 'I'lie f;itin;i' was lioru in Wales, aiul pus-
sessed more than the lisiial aiiiriuMt of ^\^elsli lii-e,
and was nil this aecouiit ilesei'vediy |io)mlar wlier-
ever he hihoi'etl. I(e died in Novi'IuIht, ISj-l, a;;ed
seventy-six. 'I'lie son inliei'its liis e.toellenl traits,
with the added advantajxe of enllnre, and lioth
(alhci' and son have lor a loni;; sneeessjon oC years
lilh'd the puliiit of Zion ehnroh, ('hu'i(Mi (_!(j., I'a.
'I'o the son we aie indebted lor the Ibunding of tlie
lieid Institntt- in lteidshnr_', Clarion Co., I'a.

Thomas, William H., D.D., was born June 6,

181)1), in FranUlin, Ky. lie was converted in l.S'22.
Spent seven sessions at sehool, nnder the tuition
of Spencer Clark, at IJIoonilield. He was ordained
in is;;:;. lie has |ireached ever since, and is now
advanced in years. Many have made a |irolession
of faitii under his preaching, and have been Ijap-
tized Ijy him. His talents were more than or-
dinary ; his writings on various suhji'cts are clear
and scholarly. He is honored and loved by the
people to whom he ministci's.

Thompson, Rev. A. D., was converted in Char-
lotte Co., New Brunswick, where, in ISiil, he was
baptized by the Kev. Thouuis Ainslie ; was or-
daitu'd, in 1834, pastor of the Baptist church in the
parish of St. Anilrew's, New Brunswick, ;ind con-
tinued in that relation until a short time btforc his
death, in 1874. Possessed of a deeply earnest spirit,
and gifted with a ready and powerful eloquence,
Mr. Thompson's minisli-y was very useful in these
|irovinees, particularly in New Brunswick.

Thompson, Rev. Charles, was born in .Vmwell,
N. J., April 14, 174S. Having comph'ted his pi'c-
paratory studies, he repaired to Warren, and was
a member of tlie first class that entered Illiode
Island College under the presidency of l>r. Man-
ning, and graduated in ITIi'J with the liighest
honors in (i class of seven. These seven sludents
''were,'' in the words of l>r. (Juild, "young nu-u
of unusual promise. Some of them were destined
to fill conspicuous places in the approaching strug-
gle for independence -, others were to be leaders in
the church and distinguished educators of youth.
I'robaldy no class that has gone forth from the
university, in her palmiest days of prosperity, has
exerted so widely extended and beneficial an influ-
ence, the times and eireumstanoes taken into con-
sideration, as this first class that graduated at
AVarren."

President Manning's removal t(j Providence with
the collego dissolved his connection with the church
in AVarren, and .Mr. Tliom|)son was chosen his suc-
ccs-or. Kor lhre<;y(rars lie acted as chaplain in the
AmiMican army during the war of the llcvoliuion.
As will be seen in the liistorical sketch of the AVar-
ren church, his Ikuiic and the niecling-hoiisc of lie
church were bui'ned by the British and llc.-si.m
troops. At the time he was tliere with his family.

He was made a prisoner of war, and taken to New-
port, where he was placeil in conlincmcnt on board
a guard-ship, where he remained a month, and was
then released. 1 li; siibseipuMitly becMTue the pastor
of the church in .Swan/.i'y, where he had a succes.s-
ful ministry of twenty-three years. From Swanzey
li(^ was ciilh'd to the ISaplist (dinrcli in ( 'hjilloa,
iMass. Although he accepted the call, he ni'ver
entered upon the performance of his duties there.
He fell a victim to the dreaded disease which car-
ries off so many in New England, — consumption, —
and died the 4th of May, 1803.

Mr. Thompson was an honor to his prol'cssion,
courteous and dignified in his manner, a true
Christian gcnlleinau, a ripe scholar, and a most
diligent worker as a preacher of the gospel and a
teacher of young men who were placed under his
tuition. His memory is still revered in the section
where he passed so many years of a useful life.

Thompson, Rev. Ivy F., an earnest, elo(pient,
and eii'ectual preacher in Eastern l..oiiisiana, was
born in Mississippi in 1820; distinguished himself
as a lawyer; labored ten years in the ministry at
Greensburg, La. ; four years moderator of the Mis-
sissippi River Association. lie died in 1860.

Thompson, William, LL.D., was Ijorn in Edin-
burgh, Scothind, .Si'pt. 10, ISlil. Came to America
with his parents at the age of sixteen, and settled
near AVashington, D. C. He attended school in the
vicinity of the (Japitol fiu- several years, and at
twenty-one retnrnej to Scotland and entered the
University of I'Minburgh, wdiere he devoted him-
self with great energy to his studies, usually spend-
ing half and often the entire night with his books.

lie graduated with distinction, and returiu;d to
America and studied law. He removed to Illinois
and began ii. lucrative practice, and about this time
became deeply interested in tin; subject of religion,
and was hopi^fully converted to God.

He fcdt it his duty to preach the gospel, but
stifled his convictions until meeting with a very
dangerous accident. Upon his recovery he deter-
mined to enter the ministry. He pniached for
some time in Illinois with varying success, and
came to Missouri aliont the year 18')."), and settled
in the central [lartof the State, where he preached
with remarkalde pnwer, and ])aptized hundreds.

His matchless elot|Uence and scholarly attain-
ments soon attracted the attention of the denom-
ination.

In IS.JO \iC was eleclcil president of Mount i'leas-
aiit College at Hiiiitsville. .Mn., his name aijd rep-
utation attracting a lari;e number of students. In
18;')7 the trustees of \\'illiam Jewell College called
him to its presidency. The institution immediately
took on a new lib', and made rapid advancement in
all the elements of success until the lireaking out
of the civil war, which caused the closing of the

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THORP

1151

THRESHER

college. He went to Siiliiey, Iowa, wlieie he had
just opened a school vvitli llattei'iiig jircis|ieets when
through disi'ase, aggraviited \>y ills which Ida sen-
sitive nature could not bear, he sank to I'cst April
ll2, ISOu, to rise in that coming day with a gUjry
all the more resplendent I'or the trials and sutt'eringa
endured here.

He was eminently successful as an educator.
His learning, geniality, and kindness gave him
great inlluence with the students.

The rich, mellow tones of his voice, his masterly
command of language, his perfect elocution, his
gracefulness of numner, the imagery with which
his imagination olotlied every thought, his impas-
sioned earnestness, and deep spirituality made hiui
the most attractive and popidar preacher in the
Southwest. He died "honored fur his greatness
and loved hir his gmidness.''

Thorp, Elder William, was hum in Virginia in
1772. He reniovi'd to Kentucky in early nnmhood
with an uncle, Thos. Thorp. He was converted
wlien twenty years of age. He removed to Mi^souri
in 180'J, and settled in Boons Lick country. He
organized the first Uaplist church in Central Mis-
souri, Mount I'leasant, and traveled over much of
the State. He Wiis a man of good talents. He
aide.l in organizing the Mount I'leasant Associa-
tion, the first in Upper Missouri. He <ru'd in IS.Oii,
eightv-(nie years of age.

Thresher, Ebenezer, LL.D., was born in Staf-
ford, Conn., AuLL. ill, 17'JiS. When eighteen years
old he began to seek an education. At this time
also, througli the prayers ol' his mother and otheis,
he was led to Christ. In the spring of 1818 he went
to New Haven, where, while employed in a store, he
was aB'orded more time for the iniprovement of his
mind. I'^inding a snnill Baptist church at New
HaMii, he ca^t in his lot witli it, and lalj(n-ed
cariu'stly and suce(^ssfully to secure its growth.

In l,Si;0, liaving accumulated a few liundred dol-
lars, he gave up luisiness and entered upmi a course
of study. Cloingon fuutfruin New Haven to Worces-
ter, Mass.-, he entered the family of I 'r. Jonathan
Coiug, and under the instruction of tliat noble nnin
began his lih'-wurk. l''rom Dr. (loing's he went to
the school of Rev. Abiel Fisher, at I5cllingham,
.Mass., and subse(|iu.'ntly to Amherst Academy,
where he (iiepared fur college;, 'I'he first three
years of college-life were spent in Columbian Col-
lege, Washington, D. C, ami the last in ISiown
Uiuversity, where he graduated in 1827, a member
of tlic lirst cla.ss under Dr. ^Vayland.

Dming his college course L)r. Thresher was
unceasingly active in Christian work. (Jue vaca-
tion was spent with liaron Stow traveling im
horseback ann)ng the churches of Northei'U \'ir-
giuia. In I'rcjvidence he was snperinterulent of
the lirat Baptist Sunday-school, and during a year

of post-graduate study tnught a Bible class of mar-
ried women. In 1S'J8 he accepted a call to become
the pastor of the 15aptist churcli in Portland, Me.,
where, on December 8 of the same year, he was or-

EIlENEZEIi TnitESUKIt, I. !,.!>.

dained. This charge he resigned in ISoO on ac-
count of sickness in his family auvl failure of voice.
Fearing again to take a pastorate, he accepted the
secretaryship of the Northern Baptist Education
Society, which position he retained \intil' 1845 with
much ability and success. \Vliile engaged in this
work he associated with it other mean.s of useful-
ness. He raised i!2l),()U0 for founding two tem-
porary )n-ufessorships I'or Newton Theohigicai
Seminary, and subsei(uently, in I8-I.'i, became ihe
treasurer of that institution. In l8.'il he became
editor of TIte M'alc/niimi, though his name did not
appear in connection with the (lapcr until 1836,
wdien he purchased the proprietorship from Wil-
liam Nichols, and held this three or fimr ye;ira.

In 18-l.J, his health having become .seriously im-
paired, Dr. 'I'hresher renujved to Daytcm, U., w here
he eu'.'agiHl in business. In 18j0, in company with
E. K, Barney, he established the Dayton Cai-Works,
now the largest enterprise of the kind in tlie country.
In 18.')8 he began the business of nuiiinfacluring
varnish in Dayton, and this aNu pruved a ;:reat
success. In l87i> he ri'tiix'd from business, and
since that tinn; has been enjuying the leisure to
which his years entitle him.

Mr. Thresher lias been uf great service to tho
Ohio Baptists. The ciillege at (.JraiiviUe, the State
Convention, and the Kdiicatiunal Society have all

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THURMAN

1152

TIC HEN OR

shaved in liis bounty, lie lias contributed many
articles Lo tlio denoniiniitional press, and is pro-
foundly iutc'rubted in and ^renerous towards 15aptist
enterprises at lionie and ;ibroad. lie is one ol
tlie most valued members of tlie First liaptist
cluircb of Dayton, and liis counsel is everywhere
soui;ht throiiL'huut the State. The honorary de-
i^ree of L1j.1>. was eoalerred upon liiui by Detiisou
University.

Thurman, Rev. David, a distinguished min-
ister and an able theoloi^ian, was born of liaplist
parents, in Woodford Co., Ky., Aug. I Li, 170'J. In
his nineteenth year ho united with Good Hope
Baptist church, in Green County, and was ordained
to the ministry in 1814. lie spent some time
in the study of theoloi^y under Rev. Nathan Hall.
In 1818 he settled in La Rue Co., Ky., and joined
Nolin church. He became pastor of this and several
other churches in Salem Association. In this field
he labored si.Kteen years with unflagging zeal and
energy, and eminent moral and intellectual power.
Besides his almost irresistilile appeals to the un-
converted, he earnestly urged on the churches the
claims of higher education, and home and foreign
missions. The whole Association was greatly
enlarged by his too brief ministry. He died of
typhoid fever, Aug. 25, 1834.

Thunnan, Rev. Robert Livingston, son of

Kev. I>avid Tliui'iiuui, was born in ^Vashington
Co., Ky., Nov. I'J, 1815. He united with Nolin
church, being bajitized by his father in 1828. He
entered Georgetown College in 1830, and graduated
in 1842. In 1843 ho was ordained pastor of
Severn's Valley Baptist church in Elizaliethtown,
Ky., wdiere he preached seven years, and about
half of that period conducted the Elizabethtown
Female Seminary. In 1850 he was appointed col-
lecting agent for Indian missions, and the same
year became co-editor of Tlie Baptisl Banner. In
1851 he was appointed financial agent for George-
town College, and in 1853 was called to the pas-
torate of the Baptist church in Austin, Texas. lie
succeeded in collecting money, with which a good
house of worship was built for tiiis church. In
1855 he accepted an agency for the Board of For-
eign ^Missions of the Southern Baptist Convention,
in Kentucky, and has continueil in this work to the
piresent time, except during the late civil war, when
he was agent for the General Association of Bap-
tists in Kentucky. He has proved himself a supe-
rior agent, and has been of immense service to the
cause of missions. His home is at Bardstown, Ky.
Thurston, Rev. Gardiner, was born in New-
port, H. I., Nov. 14, 1721. He made a professiim
of faith in Christ when he was not quite twenty
years of age, ami soon e.vhibited sneh gifts as a
speaker that, in due tiine, he was licensed to preach
by the church, and acted as assistant to his -pastor.

Rev. Nicholas Eyres. The death of Mr. Kyres in
1759 led to his being invited to become his suc-
cessor in the pastoral odiee. T'his position he held,
to the great acceptance of his church, until about
three yi'ars belbre his death, which occurred May
23, 1802.

Mr. Thurston was regarded as among the ablest
ministers of his denomination in the tinu'sin whii;h
he lived. His colleague, Kev. Joshua Bradley, says
of him that "he enjoyed a much morct than com-
mon degree of popularity as a preacher; he had a
great thirst for knowledge, and never lost any op-
portunity for acquiring it; every one reiiarded him
as a line example of a tried Christian character."
To the testimony of Mr. Bradley may be added
that of Rev. Benjamin Pitman, who says thtit the
nuuiiuM's of Mr. Thurston ''were in a very high
degree amiable and winning. He mingled with
great ease and familiarity in the social circle, and
had the faculty of making all around him feel per-
fectly at home. Ho was undoubtedly a man of
much more than ordinary powers of mind. I think
few men were his superiors in what is usually ciilled
common sense. There was no tendency in his mind
to extremes, nothing of what at this day is called
ultraism. Hence he had the respect and confidence
of the whole community."

Tichenor, Isaac Taylor, D.D., was born in

Spencer Co., Ky., Nov. II, 1825. Feeble health
while growing up interfered to some extent with
his (.■ducation. He was ba])tized in 183« by Rev.
Wm. Vaughan, of Bloomfield. Entered the min-
istry at Taylorsvillo in 1816. Shortly after that
he became pastor at Columbus, Miss., in January,
1849. Returning lo Kentucky in 185(J, in 1851
he was pastor at Henderson in that State. He
accepted the call of the First Baptist church in
Montgomery, Ala., in 1852, where he labored until
October, 1850, w hen failing health Ciiused his resig-
nation. He entered the Confederate army as
chaplain at the beginning of the war between the
States, in which service he continued until called
back to his old iNIontgomery charge, in January,
1863. Became pastor of the First church in Mem-
[ihis, Tenn., in 1871. Accepted the presidency of
the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Ala-
bama at Anliurn in 1872, a position which he still
holds.

Dr. Tichenou possesses a striking combination
of the higher traits of intellectual power. Gov.
Watts, his intimate friend, once expressed the o|iin-
ion that he was eiido\ve(l with the In^st intellect
with which he ever came in contact. He is thor-
oughly ae((uainted with theology, hist iry, ami
science, ami is a clear ami iiulependent thinker, a
gifted writer, a most elo(|nent and jiowerful
preacher, and as nearly the perfection of a plat-
form speaker as one will meet in this country.

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TICKyOR

1153

2'IMMONS

Tlioso riiialitics liave given liim a iiatiuiial reputa-
tion, lie is a fascinating conipaniun, liaviiig in
social life the pleasant quality of Christian sim-
plicity.

Ticknor, William D., founder of the well-
known lioston publishing house of Tieknor &
Fielils, was born in Lebanon. N. II., in, the year
1810. \Vlien but a lad he came to Boston and

WILLIAM I). TICKNOR.

began business life in his uncle's brokerage oflBce,
beiugsubsecjuently engaged in the Columbian Bank.
But his predisposition was for occupation of a higher
caste, and he soon entered upon the business which
he so greatly developed, and which he followed as
long as he lived. His love of books, his genial
manners, his excellent judgment, and his perfect
integrity brought him into nearer than merely mer-
cantile relations with many of the great American
and English authors whose works were published
by his house, and his connection with Nathaniel
Hawthorne was especially intimate and tender.
From his youth he was a member of the Federal
Street (now Clarendon Street) Baptist church. He
was superintendent of its Suinlay-school for nine-
teen years, and he rendered the society such emi-
nent services as treasurer during a long and crit-
ical period, that in 1854 a .service of silver plate
i was presented to him in recognition. His official
position and his personal character bound him in
close association with the various pastors of the
church during his time, and he was a particular
personal friend of Howard jMalcom, Willium
Hague, and Baron Stow. He was also for many

years treasurer of the Massachusetts Baptist Con-
vention, holding that office at the time of lii.s sudden
death, which took place at the Continental Hotel,
in riiiladclpliia, April 10, ISG4.

Tilling-liast, Rev. John, son of Di;acon Pardon
and Mary (Sweet) Tillinghast, was l)orn in West
(ireenwich, U. I., Oct. 3, 1812; a descendant of
Kev. Pardon Tillinghast, an early pastor of the Tirst
Baptist church in I'ldvidence ; was converted at
the age of fourteen ; wiis studious and industrious;
began preaching soon after he was twenty-one;
was ordained pastor of the West Greenwich Baptist
church Oct. 8, 1840, and remained such till his
death ; an energetic, practical, )iOwerfiil preacher
in Western lUiode Island ; honored by Dr. AVayland
and all ministers; represented his town in the Gen-
eral Assembly in 1854 and 1855; after preaching
to his church more than forty years he died in the
ministry, March 28, 1878, aged sixty-si.\ ; one of
the best of men. His son, Hon. Pardon E. Til-
linghast, resides at Pawtucket, Iv. I.

Tilly, Rev. James, ^vas a native of Salisbury,
in Euglaiid, but was called and ordained by the
church in Charleston, S C. We next liiid him
lalioring acceptably and successfully in the vicinity
where Euham church was afterwards organizetl, in
Beaufort Uisti-ict. He afterwards settled on " Ed-
isto Island, where he resided until the time of his
death, which hapiiened April 14, 1744, in the iorty-
sixth year of his age." Rev. Isaac Chanler said
of him in his funeral sermon, "As a minister, he
was able and faithful to deliver unto you the whole
counsel of God." Many whose names have ])artly
or wholly perished from the earth have a glorious
and eternal "record on high."

Timmons, Rev. E. B.— Florida has drawn more
largely upon South Carolina than any State for her
population and ministry in past years, and one of
the working and useful ministers furnished the
Baptists of Florida by that State is Elijah Benton
Timmons, son of Rev. Samuel Timmons, a worthy
minister of South Carolina. The subject of this
notice was born in Marion District, May 21, 1813.
From early childhood he was the subject of reli-
gious impressions, but was not baptized until 1832.
Elder J. M. Tinnuons, a cousin, immersed him at
Elim church, in Darlington District.

Removing to Florida, he arrived at or near his
present location Dec. 20, 1S5G, since which time he
has labored almost without cessation as a minister,
his work being mostly in Putnam and Clay Coun-
ties, and mainly by his eft'orts have the churches in
that section been raised up. Blosx,.(l with si com-
petency, he was able to labur n ithout compensation.
He has baptized some 1400 persons, and thinks at
least 1000 of them have been in Florida.

He is a decided Baptist, a man of catholic spirit,
sound in doctrine, but of a eonservalive mind.

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TIPTOiV

1154

TOLERATION

He preaches with a pathos that gives n ministei-
influence with Southern people, wiiose feelings are
ardent. Eider Tinimons is at this time the mod-
erator of tlie North St. Jolin's I^iver Association,
and lias been elected moderator several times of
the Santa F6 liiver Association, and was during
one or two sessions president of tlie/?tate Conven-
tion. He is a thorough missionary, a devoted
friend of Sunday-schools, and a warm advocate of
temperance.

Advanced in years now, and at times infirm, j'et
he attends the Union and Associational meetings,
preaches to one church as pastor, and makes mis-
sioiniry tours in his Association. During the 3'ear
IST'J he traveled almost constantly as a missionary
in the North St. John's Association, and lal)or<'d in
the most destitute sections, and nurtured declining
and new churches.

Tipton, Hon. John, was burn in Tennessee in
]7S.<. lie came to Indiana in iMKi. He was from
the lir.st an active, lai'ge-minded eiti/.en. He was
often engageil in re|)elling the encroachments of
hostile Indians. He was a soldier of deindeil cour-
age. He was elected to Congress in 1S33, and re-
mained in it until his death, in 1839.

lie was made cliairman of tlie Committee of In-
dian Affairs. lie was one of the projectors of the
Wabash and Erie. Canal. Hon. C. Smith speaks of
him as a most faithful Senatur, — evading no issue
and always in his seat ready for the business of
the lionr. He died of apoplexy, and was buried in
Logansport, Ind. Tipton County, and the town of
Tipton, in Iniliana. were named in honor of liim.
Mr. Tipton was a Baptist.

Titcomb, Rev. Benjamin, the founder and liist
pastor 111 the rii>t liapli.st chinch in Portland, .Me.,
was Imrn in Falmoiith, near Portland, .Me., in .Inly,
ITfil. Por sonic time he and his wife were iiicni-
bers of the Congregational Cliundi, but a change in
their sentiments led to their joining the Ba|ilists.
He was ordained (o tlie work of the Christian
ministry in 1801. The few brethren and sisters
in Portland now felt strong enough to band to-
gether and form a church. Jlr. Titcoml) was in-
vited to become their pastor. He accepted their
call, and for three years ministered to them. Ho
then removed t'l Brunswick, Jle., the seat of Bow-
doin College, and was the pastor of tlie Baptist
church in that pleasant village from 1804 to 1827.
A remarkable revival, which dated its origin from
a sermon preached by T>r. Baldwin, of Boston, July
22, 1816, resulted in adding to Mr. Titcomb's
chuvcli l.')2 persons. A new churcli having been
formed in the village, Mr. Titcomb became its pas-
tor, anil continued such for seven 3'cars. He di'd,
full of years and ripe fen- heaven, Sept. 3U, l.s|8,
at the advanced age of eighty-seven.

Tobey, Rev, Zalmon, was bom in 1792; grad-

uated at Brown University in tlie class of 1817;
was ordained as a Baptist minister, and settled first
in Bristol, 11. 1,, and subsequently in Providence
and Pawtn.\et, The latter part of his life was
spent in Warren. He died Sept. 17, IS5S. "He
was a good scholar and a useful and estimable
man."

Toby, Thomas W,, D.D., was for several years
a mission.iry to China; afterwards pastor in North
Carolina; I'rofessor of Theology in Howard (.'ol-
lege, ;uid prol'essiir in Judson Female Institute;
professor in Bethel College, Kussellville, Ky. ;
pastor at Union .Springs, and then at Camden, Ala. ;
and now principal of the Collegiate Institute in
Eufaula. Dr. Toljy is one of the ripest scholars in
the South, a graceful writer, a devout Christian, an
earnest minister, and an accom]dished gentleman.

Todd, Rev. Simpson, was born in Lancashire,
England, Aug. lo, 1812; died Dee. 31, 1878, at
Brant, ^V\s. He was ordained to the work of the
Christian ministry in 1842; supplied cliuiclies in
Baeup and llochdale, in Lancashire, lOngland, with
much success. He wiis pastor of the churches in
Sheboygan Falls, Sheboj'gan City, and Brant, Wis.
He was a sound gospel preacher, and entirely con-
secrated to the work of the ministry.

Todd, Rev. Thomas, was bom in Ireland. He
was convened and baptized in St. John, Nrw
Brunswick, and joined (lermain Street Baptist
cliurch. He was successively pastor of the follow-
ing Baptist churches in New Brunswick : Wood-
stock, Sackville, Moncton, and the church at St.
.Stephen, where he still preaches. Mr. Todd has
also nnidered valuable service as a missionary and
agent for missions in New 15runswick.

Toleration Act, The. — When William and
iMary ascended the throne of England, made vai'ant
b}' the Uight of James II. , their warmest friends
were the Protestant Dissenters of Great Biitain
and Ireland. Episcopalians of the thorough loy-
alty of Bishop Burnet were not numerous, though
many of that coinmuiiity rendered a measure of
allegiance to William 111.

Chi .March l(j, 1GG9, the king, in his specjh to
the House of Commons, made an ap|ieal to that
body for a modilication of the oaths taken by men
in the service of the government, so that there
would be "'room for ai.i. Protestants willing and
able to serve" (their sovereigns). To carry out
the royal request a Idll was introduced into the
House of Lords to change the obno.xious oaths.
One clause of this bill "' took nnay the necessity
of receiving the sacranu'iit (in the r-pi.«copal
Church) in order to make a man capable of enjoy-
ing any ollice, employment, or plaei! of trust,"
'I'his clause was rejected, .\fter this another clause
met with the same fate, by whicdi it was provided
that all persons should Ije sullicicntly qualilied for

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TOLERA TION

1155

TOLERATION

any ollice " who \vitliiii u year before or after tlieir
admission did receive the sacrament, either accord-
ing to tiie usage of the Clmreii of England, or in
any Protestant congregation, and could produce
a eortiticate under the liands of the minister, and
two other credible persons, members of such a con-
gregation." Tlie proposition in tliQ same House
to remove the necessity "of kneeling at the sacra-
ment," and using the sign of " the cross in ba|)-
tism," was rejected. The liberality of King Wil-
liam was far in advance of the tyrannical Episcopal
Church and Legislature of England. Soon after a
bill for the "Toleration of Protestant Dissenters"
was passed, and Ijccanie the law of William's em-
pire. When this act was under discussion it was
proposed to limit its duration to aliricf period, that
"the Dissenters might demean themselves so as to
merit the continuance of it when the term of years
should end ;" but it was passed without this inso-
lent restri('tion. The full title of this celebrated
act is, " An Act for Exempting their Majesties'
Protestant Subjects, Dissenting from the Cliurch
of England, from the Penalties of Certain Laws."
It has eighteen clauses.

By this law, when certain conditions were com-
plied with, Dissenters were freed from the more
outrageous persecuting enactments of Queen Eliza-
beth, James 1., and Charles II.

Clause A'll. says, "No person dissenting from
tlie Church of England in holy orders, or pretended
holy orders, or [iretending to holy orders, nor any
preacher or teacher of any congrcjgation of dissetit-
ing Protestants, that shall make and suljseribe the
declaration aforesaid, and take the said oaths, at
the general or quarter sessions of the peace to be
held for the county, town, parts, or division where
such person lives, which court is hereby empow-
ered to administer the same ; and shall also declare
his ap[.irobatiiin of, and subscribe the articles of re-
ligion mentioned in the statute made in the thir-
teenth year of the reign of the late C^ueen Elizabeth,
except the 3-!th, 35lli, and 30th, and these words of
the liOth article (■'The Cburcli hath |i(i\ver to de-
cree rites or ceremonies, and authority in contro-
versies of faith, and yet"), shall bi^ liable to any (d'
the pains or iienalties meutioneil in an iiet minle
in the seventeenth year of the reign of King
Charles II.,". etc.

Clause IX. says, " Whereas some dissenting
Protestants scruple the biiptizing of infants, be it
enacted by the authority afoi'csaid, that every |ier-
son in ))retended holy orders, or pretending to
holy orders, or preacher or teacher, tiuit shall sub-
scribe the aforesaid articles, except before (!x-
cepted ; and also except part of the l^Tth article,
teaching infant baptism ; ;ind shall take' the nallis,
and make and subscribe the declaration aforesaid,
in nuinner aforesaid, every such person shall enjoy

all the privileges, benelits, and advantages which
any other dissenting minister, as aforesaid, might
have or enjoy by virtite of this act."

Clause XII. exem|its C,)iuikers i'rom the penal-
ties of the same ijcrseeuting laws, on sjiecial con-
ditions.

Clause XVI. declares " that neither this act, nor
any clause, article, or thing herein contained, shall
extend, or be construed to extend, to give any ease,
benefit, or advantage to any Papist or Popish re-
cusant whatever, or any person that shall deny, in
his preaching or writing, the doctrine of the blessed
Trinity, as it is declared in the aforesaid articles of
religion."

Clause XVIII. asserts, " that no congregation, or
assembly for religitJiis worship, shall be permitted
or allowed by this act, until tlie place of such
meeting shall l)e certilied to the bishop of the dio-
cese, or to the archdeacon of that archdeaconry, or
to the justices of the peace at the general or quar-
ter sessions of the peace for the county, city, or
)daee in whicli such meeting shall )je held, and
registered in the said bishop's or arclulcacon'.s
court respectively, or recorded at the said general
or quarter sessions," etc.

Clause IV. allirnis that any dissenting assembly,
held for religious worship, with " the doors locked,
barred, or bolted," shall receive no benefit from
tills law ; " that every jierson that shall come to,
and be at such meeting, shall be liable to all the
pains and penalties of all the aforesaid laws recited
in this act."*

Such are the chief features of the famous Tol-
eration Act, by which our IJaptist fathers in lOng-
land obtained freedom to worship God, fettered by
some restraints and hardshi|)s, and by which in
Virginia our brethren wen; IViMpuuitly sliieldcd
from persecution. The Ibm. .loliii IJIair, de|iuty
governor of Virginia., comnn-nting, in a letter to
the king's attorney in Spottsylvanla, on the arrest
of John Waller, Lewis Craig, and James Childs fur ■
preaching Christ, says, "The Act of Toleration has
given them a right to apply, in a )iroper manner,
for licensed houses, for the worslii|i of God accord-
ing to their conseienees."t This letter Wiis written
in ITOS. Dr. R. 15. Semple, who has preserved Sir.
Ulair'a letter, says, "Though the 'I'oleration I-aw
(Act) is not believed to have been 4//-i<V/// obliga-
tory in Virgitua, yet, as was frequently the case at
that period, it was acted under in many instances ;"
that is, it gave protection, when its ]irovisions
were complied with, from magisterial and otlu.'r
persecutions.

A\'c abhor the insulting assumption of the word
lolci-atioH. Nevertheless, the Toleration Act pro-

* NiMl'a Ilistoiy of tlio Puntmis, iv. 4'.*, 50S-15, DuMiii, 1765.
I Suiiii'lu'b Ilistury uf tho Viiginia UaiiliblB, jip. IG, :J'2.

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TOLMAN

1156

TOMBES

tects our Inuthrcn in England now, as it sliieUU-d
our fathers in Virginia mure than a century ago.

Tolman, Rev. C. F., was horn at Meridian,
N. v., Oct. 125, 180-!. Tlie liuniiy having in tlie
niLMM time removed to Illinois, lie was baptized by
Rev. Morgan Edwards into tlio Pavilion Baptist
chureh, in the nortliern part ol' that State, in 1844.
lie was educated at Shurtlelt' (Jollcge and Madison
University ; ciitering the former as Fresliman, in
1850, ant! graduating at the latter in 18.06, and
from the seminary there in 1858. In November of
the last-named year, witii his wife, JIary 11. Bron-
son, a daughter of Dr. M. Bronson, the veteran
missionary, he sailed for Assam, under appointment
of the iMissionary Union. In six inontlis after liis
arrival at Nuwgong he preached his iirst sermon
in Assamese, having aeijuired the language with
remarkable rapidity. In 185'J he eommeneed the
interesting mission among the Mekirs, reducing to
writing the language of that triljc, and preparing
in it a eatcchism and vocabulary. The fever of the
country, however, made such ravages in his consti-
tution that, under medical direction, lie was coni-
jielled soon to leave his work and return to tliis
country, arriving in July, 1801. The voyage
liaving in some degree restored his health, lie en-
tered the pastorate at Lawrence, Mass., where,
however, his healtli again failed after two j'ears of
happy and I'ruitfiil service, in which he baptized
nearly every month when able to preach. His next
settlement was at Fort Madison, Iowa, in 1864 ;
from which he was called to the service of the
Mis.-ionary Union, as assistant to Dr. S. M.Osgood,
the district .secretary for the AVest. Entering this
work in 1866, he continued in associaticjn with I>r.
Osgood until the death of the latter, in 1875, when
the entire charge of the <libtrict devolved upon
liimself. During six years he has occupied this
laborious post, meeting its demands with the utmost
self-devotion, and as a reward of his well-directed
service having the satisfaction of seeing the contri-
butions from his Held every year increasing.

Tolman, Rev. Frank W., a .son of Hon. Phi-
lander Tolman, of Harrison, Me., was born in
Worcester, Mass., Aug. Ei, IS4l2. He was a grad-
uate of Colby University in the class of 1866. He
spent one year at Newtuii, and two years as a stu-
dent in the theological department of iShurtlefl' Col-
lege. His ordination took ]/lace at Farinington,
Me., May 18, 18.70. For two years and a half he
was pastor and supply for tiiis church, and then
removed to Campton village, N. 11., where he was
pastor of the churcli nearly throe years. lie sub-
sequently had iia>>tiiratcs in I>e.\ter, Me., and .South
Hampton, N. H., in wliich place he died July 14,
1877.

Tolman, Rev. Jeremy F,— During twenty

years of his later life this good minister of Jesus

Christ, who died at Sandwich, 111., in 1872, was
made nearly helpless by paralysis of his lower
limbs, so that he was unable to walk, continuing,
iiowever, to the last, useful in various relations as
a writer and a counselor among the churches. lie
was born in Needhaiii, Mass., Dec. 17, 1784. lie
was of Oongregationalist parentage, but upon his
conversion became a Baptist through independent
and careful study of the New Ti^stament. He was
licensed to preach in 1814, at Dana, Mass., and
was ordained in 1819, at Junius, N. Y. He labored
chieHy at Junius and in Cato, Cayuga Co., until
1834, when he removed to Illinois, under appoint-
ment of the Home Mission Society. AtLongGrove,
in the northern part of the .State, at Upper Alton, in
thesimthern, he served as pastor, until the paralysis
of which we spoke aliove closed his pastoral con-
nection with the latter church, April 27, 1850.
From this time until his death he was mostly laid
aside from active labor. iVinong the contributions
of his pen during that period may be e.-.pocially
named his " History id' the Fox Hiver Association,''
published in 1859. He was to the close of life a
student, not only of the Bible and tljcology, but
of science and politics. Though he gave away all
his library in his early sickness to young ministers,
he afterwards collected another of considerable size.
He is well remembered by those who knew him in
these last years of his life fur his clieerful spirit,
and bright, vigorous intellect, and his wide informa-
tion, embracing whatever related to current ques-
tions of every sort. Among the children who sur-
vive him are Ucv. J. N. TVdman, now of New
York, Uev. C. F. Tolman, Chicago, and Jlrs. N. M.
Bacon, of Dundee, 111.

Tombes, John, B.D., was born at Bewdley,
Worcestershire, England, in KiOo. At lil'tecn years
of age he entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford. At col-
lege he made such good use of his opportunities,
and acquired such a reputation for learning, that
upon the decease of his tutor in 1624 be was cliosen
to succeed liim in the catechetical lecture, when
he was but twenty-one years of age. This |)Osition
he held for seven years.

While he was parish clergyman of Leominster
he preached a sermon on the reformation of the
church, whicli was published subsequently by tlie
House of Commons. It was a sermon of great
power. At the commencement of the Parliament-
ary war in 1641, he was driven out of his home by
the forces of the king, and everything ho had was
carried away on account of it.

Mr. Tombes in i(>37 liogan to entertain doubts
about infant ba[itism. AVhile in Bristol he was
almost persuaded that the practice had no .Scrip-
tural authority. AVIien he came to London, in 1643,
he determined to consult the most learned Pedu-
baptists, that the question might be settled forever

Mli

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■ ; 1 1. ■ ■ .:. •■■: ! r

TOMBES

1157

TUMKIES

in his miuJ. Tlie eel('i)i-;iteJ Wostiiiiiister As-
fiCiuLiiy of Divines beiiii^ ;it tluit tinio in sossiun,
ariil Mr. ToMiljes having leaiiicd rioni onu ol' its
nicnibci'a tlnit it iiad a conmiittoo on iiilant ba[i-
tisui, drew nj) ii ]);iiior in Latin, containing liis
cliief reasons I'or d(nibtini; the lawl'ulness of that
custom, and he sent it to ^Ir. NVhitalcei-, tlie chair-
man (if tlie conmiittee, that his olijeetions miglit be
removed. But tlic only notice the Assembly took
of his paper was to try and hinder his settlement
in London. At Bcwdley, three miles from Kid-
derminster, wdiere Jlichard Baxter preached, Mr.
Toinhes became the minister of the parish ; and
thinkinij; it hopeless to reform the church, ho
formed a separate community holdin;^ Baptist sen-
timents, and of this cluiroh he was pastor, while
he still '"continued minister of the p;irish."

Mr. Baxter, tlie leading Presbyterian minister
in En^dand, felt deeply moved by this fountain of
heresy almost at his own door, and, like a j^ood
soldier, he determined to attack Mr. Tombes. The
battle took place on the 1st of January, 1050, in
the church at Bewilley ; it lasted seven or eight
hours. Baxter showed a determination to secure
the victory oven at the expense of some nuiliee
and considerable mdecency. And the good man
thought that he hud succeeded, though all unpre-
judiced persons were of a dili'erent opinion. After
this controversy Mr. Tombes was regarded as a
champion by the Baptists ; and he held public dis-
cussions with Mr. Tirer and jMr. Smith at Bosse,
with Mr. Oragg and Mr. Vaughn at Abergavenny,
and with some one else at Hereford ; ami many
who differed from his views believed that " Ik; hail
the advantage of his opponents in learning and
argument."

After the Kestoration, when he was about sixty
years of age, he retired from the ministry, the
duties of which he eonld only perform at the risk
of his liberty, his property, an<i his life. Among
his friends were Lord Clarendon, the lord chan-
cellor, and ]5ishops Sanderson, Barlow, and AVard.
Mr. Haxtcr describes him as '' the chief of the Ana-
baptists, the greatest and most learned writer
against infant baptism."

The narrow-minded Noal, author of the " His-
tory of the Puritans,'' a Congregationalist, says,
" Mr. John Tombes, B.D., was educatcnl in the
University of Oxford ; he was a ]ierson of incom-
parable |)arts, well versed in the Greek an<l He-
brew languages, and a most exccdlent disputant."
Ho was made a trier in llj.5.'i, wdiose duty it was,
with others of a (committee, to examine candidates
for the ministry in the national church, and in-
vestigate the character of " igrnirant and scambil-
ous" incumbents, witii a view to their removal.
After the Act of Uniformity expelled him, in
1CG2, from his parish, he was offered positions of

honor and profit in the National Church, but no
persuasions eonld move him to serve at the altars
of the Anglican Kstablislnuent as an Episcopalian.

Mr. Tombes was a man of groat learning in
every depjartment of literature. Ho had a power-
ful intellect; he was a ready speaker in publiu
discussions; he was universally known by his
writings. Tie was the author of twenty-eight pub-
lications, and in his day he was efficient beyond
most men in securing the extension of the Baptist;
denomination. He died at Salisbury, May 2.3,
1676.

Tombes, J. B., D.D., was liurn in Alljany, N. Y.,
in 1821 ; converted and baptized at the age of six-
teen ; studied for the ministry, and graduated at
Madison University in 1847 ; became pastur of the
Fourth church in Richmond, Va., wdiere ho was
ordained in 184S; was principal of jMeadsville
Academy, Va., from 1854 to 185'J, when he took
charge of Liberty Fennilo Cidlege, Mo., and held
his position there until 1864, when he removed to
Philadelphin, Pa. ; was pastor of the North Baptist
idiurch of that city for some time, then of the Berean
chureh at (Jarbondale, Pa., when he removed to
Ohio; was [lastor at Tillin, and also at Delaware,
and president, in 1870, of the Ohio Baptist Minis-
ters' Canferenco. In 1S71 he became associate
editor of The liaptisi Jiecurd. published at Charles-
town, W.Va., and in 1873 became presidentof Carle-
ton College, Jleigs Co., O., but was compelled to
yield his position on account of ill health. In
1869 he gave a series of articles in tlie Journal
and Messeiitjer on " The Writings apd Teachings
of the Apostolic and Christian Fathers," and in
1873 held iv public discussion with the Ceiilr/il
Methodist, Ky., on " The IMode of Christian Bap-
tism." He is the author of a very useful book
on " The Christian Kite of the One Only Baptism."
In the pastorate he has had much success in win-
ning souls to Christ. While at Carbondale, Pa.,
he baptized over 100 converts. In 1875 he re-
moved to Anaheim, Cal., for his health. He occu-
pies a leading position in the I5a|itist ministry of
Central and Southern California.

Tomkies, Rev. J. H., was born in Hanover Co.,
Va., Nov. 18, ISu'J. His father has ilevotcd him-
self to teaching, for which ho is well qnalilied, and
is a faithful member of the Ashland Baptist
church, Va.

When a boy he consecrated his life to the Lord,
and soon gave indications of iiis fntiiic occupation.
He was impressed early in life with an earnest de-
sire to preach the gospel, and that it was his duty to
fit himself fin- the work ; for this purpose ho entered
Uichiuond ('nllege wdien about nineteen, where he
remained two sessions, and prosecuted the study
of mathematics, French, tierman, and I'higlish.
AVith an intense desire to engage in preaching, he

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TOMKIhJS

1158

TOPPING

left college, returned to Asliluiul, and was there
ordained. Jnst beCore tlie hite war lie removed to
Florida, and lirst located at Madison, where he
taujilit school and pn-aehcd. Reiiiaininj;; there a
year, ho went to Gainesville, and tauj^ht in the Kast
Florida Seinin-.ir^', and preached to the lew liaptists
there.

At the breakint!; out of the war ho enlisted as a
l)rivate in the 7tli Florida Ueginient. His general
deportment was snob that in one year he was
elected by his comrades chai)lain of the regiment.
lie served in this capacity to the close of the war,
and so maintained his character for integrity,
faithlnlness, and piety that one of his comrades
says of him, " Let him but speak, and all were
prepared to hear and bo influenccil by his words."

lu'tiirning to his adopted State after the war
closed, he settled in Gainesville again, preaching in
the town, and to Fort Clark, Waeahootii, and Staf-
ford's I'ond chnrches for two ytiars. From I8GS to
I.S70 he preacluid at Fernandina. From l.STC to
l.'ST'i he served Klim, lOliani, I'rovidence, and
I'leasant (jrove churches. ^\'hilc preaching to the
First church, Gainesville, in IS75, and others
around, his health failed, and his decline was
ra|iid, and Aug. 15, IMS, be died at his house in
Gainesville, to which place he had returned.

He was 0|)en and generous. He was excessively
modest and retiring, except with his intimate
friends.

As a preaeJier, he was doctrinal and practical.
The Saviour, in his oiliee, work, and word was his
theme, and him he constantly exalted. He was a
clear thinker and writer. He was '" learned in tiie
Scriptures," and conlirmcd the I'aith of saints, and
was alile tO Contend with error. He met in iiublic
debate the champion (d' (.'ampbellism in his sec-
tion, and so completely ovin-pmvcred him that he
left that region.

During its existence ho was a wiirm supporter of
the Flmida liaptUl, and its corresponding editor.
He was lVef|Uently moderator and clerk of the Santa
Fe jliver Association, and be was president and
secretary of the State (Jonvention at ditfcrent
times, ami at his death was its president. He
never sought civil office, and reluctantly accepted
the ollice of county treasurer when unable any
longer to preach, which position lie held at his
death.

I'robably no man of his age and .short residence
in the State held a more prominent position in the
deriominatio'n. As might be expected, his death
was peaceful anil triumphant. His landly and
some friends were assembled at his house, and, as
they gathered about him, ho repeated the 23d
I'salm and the hymns, "How firm a foumlation,"
etc., and ''-lesus, lover of my soul," and then
usked that they woulil all pray with him that he

might 1)0 fully resigned. Repeatedly he said, "I
shall soon be at rest."

Tommie, Rev. Joel C, a pioneer preacher in
Bradley (Jo., Ark., was a native of Georgia, where
he Ijceamo a |ireacher. Hi; settled on L'Aigle
(!reek, in Uradley Co., Ark., in IS.'il,!, and soon after
gathered the IJethel church, about four miles south
of the |)resent town of F,din)iurg, in Horsey Go.
Mr. Tommie was very faithful, often walking five
or six miles to preach after the labors of the day im
his little farm. AVberevor be could get a few per- |
sons together he always preached. It was re-
marked not long ago by om; who knew hliu well, j
•' It seems to me that when Urother Tommie was j
the oidy preacher in the country we had more
preaching than now when we have plenty of
preachers." He laid the foundations of a number
of churches. He ilied in 1871.

Topping, Charles Henry, a well-known Eajitist
layman I'f Didavaii, W i^s., a native of (_Miarlest(;n,
Montgonnu'^f t'o., N. Y., wdierc he was born -May
'I'l, 1S3(>. He is the oldest son of the late Kev.
Henry Topping, one of the lirsl pioneer iiiinisters
of Wisconsin. Charles H. spent his early youth in
Leesville, Schoharie Co., N. Y., where his father
began his labors as a Christian minister. When
he was nine years of age bis father renioved to
Wisccmsin, reaching i>elavaii, Walworth Co., in the
autumn of lcS3U. Mr. Topping became the pastor
of the Baptist church which had just been organ-
izi'(l. His son Selected the calling of a merchant as
his vocation, and for several years he was in ;t store
perfecting his knowledge of and liecomiTig a first-
class business man. In ISol, .Mr. Topping Ijegan
business for himself as a merchant in Dellon, ^\'is.
111 IS.07 ho returned to llelavan, and engaged suc-
cessfully in mercantile pursuits until IStJ-i, when,
owing to the total loss of his health, he was obliged
to retire for a time. From 18t')4 to 1874 he resided
in Southern Illinois and in Ottawa, Kansas, seeking
by change of climate and (uit-door exerei.se the res-
toration of his health. This being secured, ho re-
turned, in IS74, to Delavan, and again commenced
business. He is now at the head of one of the
largest houses in the county, and ranks among its
best business men.

lint it is as a devoted Christian that Mr. Topping
is liest known. At the ago of eleven he olitained
a hope in Christ, and was baptized by his father
into the fellowship of the Delavan Baptist church.
For nearly forty years he has been one of its most
active and useful niemliors. While vosiding in Il-
linois, Mr. 'i'oppiiii: was a member of the board of
the Illinois Industrial University, and he lias sev-
eral times been a member of the board of the AVis-
consiii Baptist .State Conventi<in, and in its earlier
history a mcmljcr of the b<iard of Wayland Acad-
emy.

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TOPPING

1159

TOY

Topping, Eev, Henry, was;i ii;itiv<! nl' t'liurlcs-
ton, N. Y. He was Ijorii iii KSU4. Uotli lii.s paronts
wero pinns, and took great pains 'witli liis early ro-
ligiuus cHliioation. Coiivciteil at nineteen years of
age, lio made a profession of religion, and united
with tlie Baptist cliurcli in liis native |ilace. Or-
daineil to the worl< of tlie ministry at the age of
thiity, lie was first siittled as jiastor of the liaptist
ehnreh at Leesviilo, where he remained live years.
Extensive revivals of religion attended his minis-
try, lie was eminently litted for an evangelist.
AN'hile pastor at Leesville he held special meetings
at Charleston, Seotville, and Argusville, wliere his
labors were blessed in tnrning many to God. In
183D he removed to Delavan, Wis., and Ijeoanie the
first pastor of the liaptist elairtdi, whieli had just
been organized; whiidi grew rapidly under his
labors, lie planted tlie gospel in all the region
around, and was most untiring in liis missionary
and itinerant labors. Ohnrcdies at Walworth, Sugar
Creek, East Troy, and 'I'urtleville (now Clinton)
were founded as the results of his labors. The
elinruh at Delavan, organized forty years ago, and
of which he was the first pastor, is now the largest
church in the State. His two sons, Charles IF.
and Marshall Topping, and his daughter, Sirs,
llattii: La IJar, are active members id" the church.
(Jwing to the failure of his liealth be was obliged
to retire from the active work'of the ministry abuut
twenty years belore bis death, but he iireached
oeeasiinially until he went to receive his crown.
Il(! was a uiaii of unblemislu'd character, of gentle
and leiiring disposition, and highly esteemed in
all the region where he labored for his Mast(!r,

Toronto, The Jarvis Street Church of, is the

mo.-<t iiillnenlial liaplint chunh in Canada. Until
within a few months, fi)r n, number of years it was
under the pastoral care of the distinguished Ur. J.
II. Castle, beloved and honored in the United States
as well as in Canada, lie built a sph^idid church
edilice in Philadelphia, i'a., and during his past(U'-
ate the Jarvis Street church was erected. It cost
?IOO,(K)0. It has sittings fur 1300 persons, and it
was dedicated Dec. 3, ISTo. It is one of the linest
churches on this side of the Atlantic. (See cut on
the following page.)

Torrance, Rev. John, M.A., was bom of Pres-
byterian ptirents Dee. 0, I'tio^J, iu Ivilmarnock,
Ayrshire. Scotland. He came to Canada in 1840.
Until ihirteen years of age he enjoyed the best
school advantages. At seventeen he entered n]ion
scliool-toaehing, and taught five years, working his
way lip from the third to the first class in his pro-
fession. About till! age of twenty be joined the
Baptists, and commenced preaching. For four
years he preached to the eliurclu^s of Woodvilh;
and West I/me of I'.iM'k, Ontario, and taught
school. During this period he was ordained, Imt

at its clob'e he entered the Canadian Literary Insti-
tute as a theological student, and renuiined two full
academical years. For the three years following
he was pastor of the church in Mount Elgin, On-
tario. At the beginning of IJSbfi he accepted a call
to the Cheltenham and Edmonton churches in the
same ]U"nvinci'. During the last four of (he si.x
years' continuance of this rrlation he look thi!
Arts course in the Universily of Toronto, at the
same time performing his pastoral duties. Ho gradu-
atcMl B.A. in 1S712, and took the M.A. degree in the
year following. At his graduation he >vas Silver
Medalist in Metaphysics, and iirizeman in Oriental
Languages. In the fall of 1872 he settled over the
church in Yorkvillo, a suburb of Toronto. .\t the
New Yciir of 18To he acce|ited the (diair of New
Testament Exegesis in the theological department
of the Canadian Literary Institute at Woodstock.
In 1878, on the death of Kov. Dr. Fyfe, he was
chosen principal of tiie same di.'partment, and in
the beginning of 1881 he became princi|ial of the
literary department also. As an expnsitory preacher
and as a scholar and educat(u-, Principal Torrance
lias few ei|nals. llecently he was ap|ioinU'il to a
professorship in flie new Theological Seuiinary at
Toronto, but before he entered upon its dniies he
fell asleep in Jesus.
Towle, Francis W., A.M., was bom in New

London, N. II., Nov. 21, I^M.'); gradtialed from
Madison Universily. At present lie is the prin-
cipal of Colgate Academy, in which he is per-
forming a noble work for those who arc enjoying
the advantages of the institution.

Towner, Rev. Enoch, was born in Newbury,
Conn., in 1755; awakened under tFiiseph Dimock's
preaching in Lower Granville, Nova Scotia, in 17110;
converted subsequently, and baptized by Kev. 'f bos.
Ilandley Chipman; ordained, in \"W, pa>lor ol'
Digby chuirh ; was present at tlie formaticm of the
Baptist Association, June 23, 1800 ; evangelized in
Argyle in 180li, and baptized 120 converts. Mr.
Towner's labors were highly useful in Digby
County; died in November, 1827, ageil siMcnty-
two years.

Toy, Crawford H., D.D., LL.D., Professor of

the Semitic Languages in Harvard L'niversity,
and late Professor of the Interpretation of the Old
Testament in the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminai'y, was born in Norfcdk, \-,\., Mandi 23,
1830. From 1847 to 1852 he was at the Norfolk
Acailemy. He entered the University of Virginia
in October, 1852, and took the degree of Master of
Arts in June, 185ti. From Octidjer, 1850, to June,
185y, lie taught for Mr. John Hart, in the Albe-
marle Female Institute, Clnirlottcsville, Va. In
I SOU he was appointed a missionary to Ja)ian by
the Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist
Convention, and studied in preparation for that

( tVV

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J.M<\ IS STUKKT IHi-nsT LllUHCM, TulillNTlJ, CANADA.

TOZER

1161

TRAIN

■work at tlie Southern Baptist Tlieological Seminary
in its first session, in 1859-00. lie was baptized
at Cliarlottesville, Va., by Rev. Joliu A. Bioailus,
in April, 1851, and was ordained at the .same |)liiee
in June, 18(i0. Fruni Septcjiiber to Deeewiber,
ISOO, he was engaged in a tour through tiiu Ports-
moutli Assoeiation, wliieli body Ijad agreed to sup-
})Ort liini in bis missionary worlc in Japan. The
brealiing out of the war lualcing it inipraetiealile
to go to Japan, lie went to llichniond College in
January, 1861, as Professor of (->reok, and thenee,
ilie jNIay following, to Norfullc, where he supplied
lie pul|iil of the Cumberland Street Baptist ehineli.
Ill Mareh, ISOl, lie went into the Army of Virginia
as a private, became chaplain in January, 18l'i3,
and was made prisoner at Gettysburg, and was in
Fort Melleiirj' from July to November, 1803. He
was appointed Professor of I'hysies and .\stronomy
in the University of Alabama, at Tusealoosa, in Au-
gust, 1804. He returned to A'irginia, and taught
from October, 1805, to May, 1800. He studied at
Berlin, Prussia, from August, 1800, to July, 1808,
returning to Amoriea in September, 1808. In Jan-
uary, 180'J, he was appointed Professor of Greek
ill Furnian University, Greenville, S. C. In May,
186y, be was appointed Professor of Old 'restanieut
Interpretation in the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary, which position he held until his resigna-
tion in May, 1879. His inaugural address deliv-
ered Sept. 1, 18li9, was published, and is entitled
"The Claims of Biblical Interpretation u|jon Uap-
tists." lie lias also contributed several articles to
the liaptist Qiuiitcrh/.

In June, 1880, he was elected to the chair of
Semitic Languages in llarvanl University.

He received the degree of D.D. from Wake Forest
College in 187l>, and that of LL.I). at a later ])e-
riod.

Tozer, Rev. Edward, w.as bom in the city of

Bristol, I'higland, Nov. 7, 1815, and died very sud-
denly Jan. 1, 1878, at Fort Ann, AVashington'Oo.,
N. Y. Converted at sixteen, he came to this coun-
try five years later, and spent four years at Auburn,
N. Y., in preparatory study for the work of the
ministry. Ho was ordained, in 1840, at Fayette,
Seneca Co., N. Y^., where he hibored several years
as pastor of the Baptist church ; also ministered at
Gencvti and Naples some fourteen years, and spent
four years as collecting agent for the American
Bible Union. In the spring of 1805 he settled with
tiic Fort Ann Village eburcli, where lie continued
the rcmaindiT of his life. I'uring eight years he
also supplied the clinich at Kingsbury with an
afternoon service until 1873. He led this pcofilc
to renovate their house of worship in 1S70, and in
1874 ho had the pleasure of seeing a neat and sub-
stantial brick sanctuary, costing ;?17,000, dedicated
to the worship of (iod as the fruit of the joint
74

labors and saerilicos of [lastor and peojtie. lie was
a sound and able preacher and a good pastor. Ho
died very much lamrntcd \>y the whole eimimnnity.
Tracy, Rev. Leonard, was born in Tunbridge,
Vt., in 18()2. As preacher and yiastor he served six
or seven good churches in three of the New England
States, and in the communities in which lie labored
he was ri'spccted as a man who honored his pro-
fession by great purity of life, showing earnestness
of ))nrpose and coiiscieiitioiis fidelity to every trust.
He died at East Bethel, Vt., Nov. lil, 1809.

Train, Arthur Savage, D.D., was born in
Framingham, JMass., Si'pt. 1, 18ll!. lie was the
elder son of Rev. Charles Train, who fitted him
for Brown University, where he graduated in the
class of 1833. He was tutor for two years in his
own college, pursuing his tlieological studies during
this time with Dr. ^Vaylalld, receiving also such
aid in his preparatiu'y work as his father could
give him. He was unhiiiu'd as pastor of the First
Baptist church in IhiM'rhill, .Mass., in October,
1830, and for twenty-three years was the beloved
minister of a people for whom be lived and labored
with a zeal and success which are seldom equaled,
ccrtainlj' not surpassed. He resigned his )rastorate
to accept an appointment in the Newton Theologi-
cal Institution as Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and
Pastoral Duties. Dr. Train brought to his work
the results of a long experience, and well-defined
conceptions in his own mind of what was needed
to make an ellicient and useful ministry. He re-
signed bis position at Newton in 1806, after having
held it for seven years. The remainder of his life
was passed in his_nativc town, ollieiating for the
chureli of which his father had for so many years
been the minister. He was a trustee of Brown
University from 1845 to his death, which occurred
Jan. 2, 1872.

Train, Rev. Charles, was bom in Weston,
JNIass., <fan. 7, 1783. At the age of eighteen he
entered Harvard University, where he graduated
in 1805, delivering a llelirew oration on the occa-
sion. Having decided to enter the ministry, ho
was licensed by the church in Newton. In 1807
he commenced his labors in Framingham, Mass.,
wdiich was destined to be his home fur the re-
mainder of his life. Ho was not ordained as the
pastor of the Baptist church until Jan. 30, 1811.
For several years he siijiplied two churches, — that
of Weston and that of Framingham. For thirteen
years he conlineil his laliors to the Framingham
church. He resigned his pastoviito in 1839. Ho
had seen the little band of disciples grow into a
vigorous, active chureh. The Master had richly
blessed his labors. He was honored as few men
are in the community in which he had lived for
so many years, and wdien he died, Si;pt. 17, 1849,
be was borne to the grave amidst the sincere

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TRASK

1162

TREMONl'

lamentations of ii generation lie liad served most
laithfully.

iMr. Train was for several years a incniljei' of tlie
Le>;islaturc of Massacluisetts, hotli in tiie lower and
in tile liiglier Ijraneli. '• lie had tlie lionor of being
tlie first to move in tlio plan of forming a legisla-
tive library, as well as in the yet inore important
matter of a revision of tbe laws relating to common
schools. lie bad much to do also in obtaining tbe
charter of Amherst College." lie left several pub-
lished writings in tbe form of orations and dis-
ooui'ses.

Trask, Rev. Enos, was born in Jefferson, Me.,
April liii, 17'J4. lie was converted at the age of
sixteen, but was not baptized till March 10, 1823,
Rev. William Burbank administering the ordi-
nance. For must of tlie thirteen years between
his conversion and his baptism his spiritual life
was not very encouraging; but at that time a
variety of peculiarly trying experiences added
weight and force to a conviction be had felt for
. over five years, that it was bis duty to enter tbe
gospel ministry. At the same time he deeply felt
bis unwortbiness for the sacred calling. At last
an affliction, deep and sad, wliicb he recognized as
from God for tbe purpose of im|iressiiig him for-
cibly in reference to his duty, mastered bis resist-
ance.

He united with tlie Third Jefferson church, or-
ganized in 1824, and was immediately chosen
deacon. At this, time bis brethren, like himself,
felt impressed with tbe thought that God was call-
ing him into the ministry, and in less than a year
after the organization of the church, after being
closely questioned as to his own impressions, he
was unanimously licensed for tbe work to which
he bad been called. Tbe First Baptist church,
Whitefield (now King's Mills), called a council of
churches, and he was ordained as an evangelist
May 23, 1827.

Tbe First and Second Palermo, Windsor, First
Vassalborough, China Village, Soutii China, Bruns-
wick, Sidney, AIna, Uamariscotta, with other
churches, enjoyed bis labors as an evangelist pre-
vious to bis call to Nobleborough. lie enjoyed
revivals, and baptized many into all these churches,
and also bapti/.cd in New Brunswick, when there
as a messenger from tbe Association to which he
belonged to the Association there.

In 1836 he accepted a call to the pastorate ol tlie
First Baptist church, Nobleborough, as successor
to Rev. Phinoas Pillsbury, and for thirteen years
faithfully and successfully labored, liaptizing, it is
said, more than lOoO persons in this locality.
During his ministry here the church at Damaris-
cotta Mills was formed, mainly from member- of
tho First church. After be had resigned tbe pas-
torate, brethren, in a section of the church called

West Neck, invited him to hold a series of meet-
ings there, at a time when the church was pastcir-
less. He consented, and with great power did the
work go on ; many were converted, and for a short
time he supplied the church.

Many other places after this were blessed with
bis labors, among them the Second Nobleborough,
South Tbmuaston, and (jiie or more of tbe St.
George churches. His labors were coiitinuoiis for
over fifty years, and in that time, be had baptized
more than 2200 persons.

He was decided in bis convictions. His preach-
ing was thoroughly evangelical, lie was bold and
fearless, while tender and loving in his jiresenta-
tion of the stern doctrines of the inspired volume.
Tho terrible denunciations against uiirepented sin,
which our Saviour so often uttered, he never shrank
from proclaiming. To him all truih in the Word
of God was real. He died full of peace. Dee. 19,
1880.

Travis, Rev. Alexander, one of the most
M'idcly useful, and one of the most famous of the
fathers of fifty years ago. His ministry was de-
voted mainly to tbe planting and building up of
churches and Associations in Southern Alabama.
He was a pioneer for tbe times, eminently suited
to the work. He left a most fragrant memory.

Tremont Temple, Boston, Mass., was pur-
chased early in 1813 by Timothy Gilbert, S. G.
Shipley, Thomas Gould, and William S. Danwell
for $05,000. It had been the Tremont Theatre.
Tbe deed was executed in June, 1843. The object
for wliicb tbe edifice was bought by these gentle-
men was to secure a place of worship for the Tre-
mont Street Baptist church, where the seats should
be free, that there might be free seats for the poor,
and for strangers coming to ibe city to seek employ-
ment, whose means would not allow them to rent
pews in other churches.

The purchasers, on their own responsibility, re-
modeled the interior of the building, and arranged
the halls, stores, and other rooms in a manner con-
venient f(jr the purposes designed. They also fur-
nished the edifice. These changes rcipiired an ad-
ditional outlay of $24,284. Tbe main audience-
room of the Temple was 90 by 80 feet, and seated
2000 persons.

It was used as a place of worship until March 31,
1852, when it was destroyed by fire. On the 25th
of May, 1853, the foundations of tbe present liuild-
ing were laid, and on tbe 25th of December follow-
ing tbe church held the first meeting for public
worship in tbe main hall. Tbe new building, with
all its furniture, cost $126,814,211. The Evangeli-
cal Baptist Benevolent and Missionary Society was
formed May 11, 1858, and the property was trans,
ferred to it on Nov. 30, 1858. A lease was exe-
cuted on June 9, 1859, granting the Tremont Street.

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TKEMONT TEMri.E, HUSTON, .MASS. .\l'.J)l K.NCE ItUUM OF Till; TKE.MO.NT jTltEET ll.ll'TlSi CllUUCU.

TREMONT

1164

TRIKNNIAL

Baptist cliurcli and society the use of tiie great liall,
witli its ortjaii and funiitui-e, diirin;; the daytime
on Sundays, as a yilaee of puljlie worsliip, and
Ijasenient rooms " for vestry and Saljliatli-scliools,"
on C(inditii)n tiiat tlie eluirch sliuiild always main-
tain imldie wursliip on tlie Saljljatli with free seats,
and su|)pnrt a ;;ood and eflieii-nt pastor.

On the ni.nht ul' An:;, l-l, Is?'.', llie Temple was
destroyed by tii'c. 'I'lie directors, lunvever, took
immediate and ell'outive steps tn rcdmild it, and
tlie denomination now has an ediliee worthy to
stand lieside any of the splendid structures that
adoi'u the i.'ity of Hoston, where the AVord of life
IS re;j;ularly dispeosi-d to listeninf; thousands.

The olijects which the Kvangelieal i'aptist lie-
nevolent and Missionary Society aims to accom-
plish are, the maintenance of evangelical ])rea(;h-
in'j; in the Tremiuit Temple, tin- empliiyment ol'
ColpiirtiMir and aiissionary laliorcrs in lloslon ami
eisewliere, the I'urnishing of soiiaMi; rcjojns in the
Temiile for other missionary and henevolent socie-
ties, and {generally to provide for the spiritual wants
of the destitute.

The Ti-emont property is valued at S230,0t)0. It
brings in a large income for the benevolent objects
for the pronmtion of which the society exists. The
church worshiping in the Temple has a membership
of 1500, and, under the able ministry of F. ,M. Kllis,
D.D., one of the largest congregations in the United
States. It is known and designated as the head-
quarters of New England Ha|itists. Tlie JMissioiniry
Union, the New England departments of the Homo
Blission Society and the Publication Society, the
"Wonnin's IJaptist Home and Fureign Missionary
Societies, and the Wat(-hiHaii have rooms in the
Temple. The Baptist Social Union, composed of
representatives of the churches in Boston and its
vicinity, holds its meetings in tliG Temple. It is
the grand gathering-|ilace of Boston Baptists, and
the home of New England Baptist institutions.
The conception of the plan which resulted in the
Temple enterprise was a nuignilicent effort of con-
secrated genius. Its execution was worthy of the
capital of New England, and its success deserves
the devout gratitude of Baptists everywhere. There
siiouid be a Tremont Temple in every large city in
the worlil. Timothy Gilbert, S. 0. Shipley, Thomas
Gould, and William S. Danwell arc worthy of the
affectionate remembrance of the friends cf truth
everywhere. The following are the present ollicers
of the Evangelical Baptist Benevolent and Mission-
ary Society in which is vested the ownership of the
Temple estate :

President, James W. Converse ; Secretary, Solo-
mon Parsons; Treasurer, Joseph II. (Jonvcrse ;
Directors, J. AV'arrcn Merrill, J. W. (Vinvcrse,
George "W. Chipman, Joseph Story, Cyrus (Jarpen-
ter, Joseph Sawyer, Lucius B. Marsh, Charles S.

Kendall, S. S. Cudworth, George S. Dexter, Joseph
Goodnow, Charles S. Butler, Moses C. Warren.

Trestrail, Rev. Frederic, many years one of
the secretaries ol' the En_glish Bajitist Missionary
Society, was born at Falmouth, England, in 1S03,
and became a member of the Baptist church there
iu his youth. The house of his |iarents was the re-
sort of ministers and iiiir-sionaries visiting the port,
and a zeal for missicjtiary work was enkindled in
his heart from very early years, in his twenty-
sixth year he entered Bristol (.'ollege, having been
called by the church to ministerial work some
years previously. At the end of his course of
study he sup|ilied the church at Little Wild Stre(!t,
Tiondon, for six months. Subsequently he became
pastor of the church at Clipstone, whence he re-
iuoved, after three years' service, to Newport, Isle
of Wight, where he niiiaincd live years. At the
request of the liaptisl Irish Society he laljored in
Ireland four years, and when the secretaryship fell
vacant he received the appointment. Ou Dr.
Angus's retirement from the secretaryship of tlie
Foreign Missionary Society, Mr. Trestrail was re-
quested to take the ollice in conjunction with E.
B. Underbill, LL.l). After twenty-one years of
distinguished service Mr. Trestrail retired, and
has since sustained the pastoral relation to the
church at Newport, of which he was pastor nearly
thirty years ago. He has received significant tokens
of the high appreciation of his services, among
which Was the present, in 1871, of a cheek for
XI 350.

Triennial Convention, the common name of

the " 15aptist General Con\cntion for iMissionary
Purposes."

Origin. — In 1813 American Baptists, who till
then bad been chiefly confined to /mint missionary
work, without any general organization, were
aroused as to their <luty in respect to Joreiyn
missions as by an electric shock. News arrived
that Mr. and ^Mrs. Juilsoii iind Mr. Bice, part of
tiio first company of missionaries sent out by
the jVunn'ican board, after leaving this country,
through the study of God's Word had embraced
Baptist sentiments, had been bajitized at Serain-
pore, and now appealed for support to their Baptist
brethren in the United States. A profound senti-
ment was awakened. A local society was formed
at Boston immediately, which assumed the support
of Mr. and Mrs. Judson. Mr. llice soon returned
to America. On the ISth of May, 1814, a conven-
tion of thirty-three delegates " from missionary
societii.'s (of wliich many had been formed) and
other religious bodies" of American Baptists, most
of them eminent men, assembled at the First
ehurcli in Philadidphia and organized " the Gen-
eral Missionary Convention of tlie Baptist denomi-
ualiou in the United States of America for Foreign

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TRIENNIAL

1165

Tlilh'NNlAL

]\Iissions." Its constitution provided for trienniiil
iiieetini^s, for two Jolu^Mtes from each society or
other religious body^vliich should contribute iiii-
nually ^MKI, and fur a lioard of niatiagers. to he
called the " Haptist Hoaril of Foi-eign Missions for
the United .Stati's." The hoard apiioiiited Mr. liico
as a missionaiy a^ctnt to raise lunds in Anii'rica,
and ailoptcd Mr. and Mrs. Jndson as its niis.-.ion-
arics to Huruiah, they ha\inj;' been providentially
guided to lian^^onn, where they had settled.

Jlialoii/ of the C'oiicciilioii. — Triennial meetings
of the Convention and annual iiieetinj^s of the
hoard were rej^ularly held. The |iresidents were
liichard Fiiriiian, Uoht. 15. Scniple, Spencer II.
Cone, Wni. 15. Johnson, ami Francis Wayland.
The corresponding secretaries, who were the child'
executive ollicers, were Win. Staiighton, Lucius
Uolles, Solomon Peck, and Kolit. 11. I'attisoii. Dr.
Peck was secretary lor the foreign department
when the Convention was merged in the Missionary
Union. The seat of operations was fir.st at I'hihi-
dcl|ihia, then at Washington, and after 1821) at
Boston.

The name and constitution underwent various
changes, eliielly as operations were extiMidcd lie-
yond, and afterwards restricted to, foreign (includ-
ing American Indian) missions. The general
principle as to meinhership was one delegate for
each annual contribution of SKJO continued for
three years. Female auxiliaries sent delegates, but
these were alwavs Hieii, After Ksli2 the society
was known as "' the liaptist fieneral Convention for
Foreign Missions.'' After 1.S41 the hoard ap-
pointed from its own members an "acting hoard"
of fifteen persons residing in or near Boston.

In early times the annual reports gave the sta-
tistics of the denomination. These, in l.SlG, were,
Associations, 12(5 ; churches, 2M\ ; ministers, IfiSS ;
licentiates, 3G5 : ba|iti/.i;d, 4(J()U ; memhers, lo<S,o(_)8.
State Conventions then scareidy existed.

In its later history the Convention was much
distracted by the anti-slavery agitation. At length
the acting hoard at Boston having declared, in re-
s|ionse to queries oi' the Alahaiua Baptist (.lonven-
tioii, tliat they would not appoint a slaveholder as
a missionary, tiie brethren in the South, claiming
that this decision infringed their equal rights, with-
drew and formed the " Southern Baptist Conven-
tion." Whereupon, in 1S40, the Triennial Con-
vention was mergeil in a new organization of
Northern Baptists, known as the Amiu'icau ISuptist
Missionary Unicm, meeting annually, and ba.sed
solely on IjlOO life memberships, though this last
feature has since been modilied. The Union took
up the work of the Convention, except in the case
of a few missionaries amicably transferred to tin-
Southern Conventi(m.

Foyeiijn Missiun Ifm-k. — The first mission was

the Burmaii, wdiere Mr. and Mrs. Jndson began
their work alone, in danger and discomfort, in the
midst of a barbarous and pagan nation. The first
convert, Mining Nau, was bajitiz.ed at Bangoon
June 27, IM'.', by l»r. Judson. Since then the
work has spread to the Karens and other tribes,
and has assumed magnilieeut proportions. In 18o3
iiiissioiis wei'e planted in France, now specially
hopeful, and in Siani, w here a good work has been
done. About ISoO great enthusiasm prevailed,
and the work was much enlarged. An African
Mission (in Liberia) had existed ever since 1823,
though nearly every wdiite missionary perished
frinii the climate. In IHo.") was begun the mission
to China, now prosperous, after a long period of
toil with scanty results. Also the inissi<m in Ger-
many, where a wide and woiuU'il'ul work has been
accomplished, spreading into Switzerland, Den-
mark, Sweden, Itussia, and other countries. In
18o() was founded the 'i'ehiogoo .Mission, so long a
" forlorn hope," in which recently' there have been
such unparalleled displays of divine pnwer. Also
the mission iu Assam, still prosnaitid with much
encouragement. In 1837 a mission was begun iu
Ilayti, not long continued. Also in Oreece, where
no large results have beeii realized, tireat pecu-
niary embarrassments followed this rajiid enlarge-
ment, and a heavy debt long impeded the work.
The foreign missions of American Baptists have
been richly blessed, far lieyond those of any other
denomination or society. The most fruitful fields
have been in Burmali, eliielly among the Ivarens,
in Germany, in Sweden, and recently among the
Teloogoos.

Persecution has often been experienced. Dr.
Judson and his wife eiidnrcd terrible suA'crings at
the hands of the Biirnian government. Our breth-
ren in Germany, Sweden, Denmark, France, and
Russia sufi'ered long from arbitrary laws, fines, and
imjtrisonments. But the results have been the fur-
therance of the truth and a wonderful advance as
to religioiis liberty.

Lidian Mi.i.-iliinn were projected as early as 1817,
and have been carried on with great success, espe-
cially among the Cherokees, Creeks, and Chuctaws.
At the present time these missions (except in cases
wdiere they have been abandoned or have liecome
unnecessary) aj'e cared for liy the American Bap-
tist Home Mission Society or by the Snuthern
Baptist Convention.

lluinc Miaainn^' were inrlnded in the sphere of
the Convention in 1817, but were ni'\ fr extensively
prosecuted, and wen' di.-^cuntinnid in IS2l). In
1832 was formed the American ISapti.-t Home Mis-
sion Society for that work.

Kdacaiiiin.- — T'he establishment of a collegiate
and theological institolioii, in furtherance ol
ministerial education, was nndertuken in 1817.

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TlUr.NXrA L

11G6

TL'l.XR

This soon rosiiltrd ia Iciiiinliiig wlmt is now kmiwn
us tin; (.'ohiiiiliiuu Uiiivcrsit)', iit W'li.sliiiigtdii, witli
a tlii.'tilojrii':il <-le|i:irtiii('iit. Mr. Itico was a iii'iicrul
agent. .Vl'ter ISliG the ('(invention h;ul no other care
anil control of the college lliiin to select trieniiiully
fifty persons from anioiiLT wlioni the trnsf^ces of tiie
inslitntion were elected. At the: fornnition of the
American l)a|itisL Missionary Union this connection
wholly cca>eil.

Jl(l/!e Translation. — Baptists have iihvays been
foremost in the translation mul circulation of the
Scriptures. Dr. Judsoii at the earliest possible time
bci^an to translate, and to this work consecrated
his splendid abilities with nntirinj; devotion. Oct.
24, 1840, he completed the second and liiial revision
of the Burmese Bible, a version declared by com-
petent judges to be almost uiicipialed. 'J'he mis-
sionaries of the Convention and of the American
Baptist Missionary Union have translated the Bibh",
in whole or iu part, into the various Karen and
other dialects used in Rurmah, into TeloonDO, Si-
amese, Chinese, Japanese, and Assamese and other
dialects used in Assam ; also into various Indian
languages in North America. 'I'hese vei-sions have
been freely circulated. Scripture distribution has
been extensively carried on in Europe, especially
in Germany. 'J'his is still vigorously pursued by
the American Baptist Missionary Union.

This Bible work, and esjieciaily the Burmese
version of Dr. Judson, was the occasion of making
the Convention theToremost as.serter of the princi-
ple of absolute fidelity in translating the Word
of God. The British and Foreign Bilile Society
having refused to aid in printing the Knglish Baji-
tist versions in India unless the words relating to
baptism were transferred or translated in a manner
acceptable to all denominations, the American B:ip-
tist Board at S.ileni in 1833 declared that its mis-
sionaries must translate the whole Bible faithfully
and intelligibly, transferring no wonls capable of
translation. In 1836 the board of the American
Bible Society, following the example of the British
and FiH-eign Bible Society, and with like nnl'aith-
fulness to the truth and injustice t'o its Biiplist
members and contributors, decdared that it would
aid only such vc>rsions as were conl'urnied in their
principles of translation to King Jaun s's version,
at least so far as that they could be used by all de-
nominafions. They sent a check for .'?,'JOt)0 to aid
in printing Dr. Judson's version, under this ri>-
strietion. The Baiitist boar<l. relumed the cheek.
The Convention veaffirnicil the rchulutions of IS,'!;',,
and called on the denomination for means to I'iirry
on a faithful Bible work, which wcri; amply lor-
nislied, largely at first through the American ami
Foreign Bible Society, and later, also, through the
American Bible Union. English Baplists, who
liiid rel'used to iimtihite their versions, soon aflcr

formed the "Bible Translation Society." . In 1879
the American Baptist !\lissionary Union unani-
mously and solemnly reallii'med tlii' jiosition taken
by the Convention, and in 18S() the American 15ap-
tibt Publication Society declared hirii"pure trans-
lation of the Word of God.'' 'I'lius the denomina-
tion has the high honor of being the champion,
lit home and abroiid, of the greiil principle of laitli-
ful translation, and of ste:idhi>llv resisting the
monstrous (.lemaml that the Winii of God shall be
translated to suit human opinions and convenience.

Funds. — Contributions received in 1814, S1239.-
29; in 1816, S12,230.84 ; 1.S20. !s 12.296.2 1. After
that, for nine years, there was a falling off in the
annual receipts ranging from S3(iir).27, the lowest,
to *10,639, the highest. In 1830, .S21 ,622. After
that there were fluctuations, but on an average view
steady growth, till in 1846 tin; sum reported was
$100,1511.02. Total contributions lo the Conven-
tion for thirty-three years, $874,027.92.

Missionaries. — The whole number of missiona-
ries and assistants (including, besides ordained
ministers, printers, wives of missionaries, and
other female assistants) appointed from 1814 to
1846 was (according to the best information attain-
alile) 257 to foreign fields, imdndiiig the Indians,
and 16 to domestic. A few, not more than 12, did
not enter on the service. This does not embrace
the great number of native preachers and assistants
raised up on the field. Among these missionaries
are many names that will iiev(>r die. as Judson,
'Wade, -Mason, Boardiiian, Kincaid, Bruwn. Jones,
Goildard, Onckeii, Willard, MeC^'oy, and many
others.

Conclusion. — The Baptist General Convention
has a record of missionary fidelity, self-sacrifice,
and achievement for which American Baptists may
well thank God. In 1845 its missions were 17, with
109 missionaries and assistant missionaries, of
whom 42 were preachers; native preachers and as-
sistants, 123 ; churches, 79 ; baptisms in one year,
2593 ; church members, over 5000,* though the num-
ber baptized from the beginning must have been
something like double that; schools, 56 ; scholars,
about 1350. This is small when compared with
the jiresent aggregate statistics of the American
Bajitist ^lissionary Union and Southern Conven-
tion, but great in itself and in its promise. The Tri-
ennial Convention through years of experiment
and faith, of toil and trial, laid the foiindalioiis of
the foreign mission work, on wliicli its successors
are now so pros|ierously building. (See articles
on the MissioN'.vHV Umon, and on varifius mission
lieMs, and also on the Soiiukkn Baimist (,'o.\vi^\-

TlON.)

Trine Immersion was the baptismal usage of

* I'nilniMy over l.Oinj just LiiiJlizi/.l iiniuni; llio KajiMia hy Jljiit
K>iiii wen t yot i-Lipui lull itH (.liurcli iiiciiih.-r.s.

" 7 '■ X\

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TRINE

116T

TRINITY

Cliri.stcniloiii frum tlio oiid of tlie second to the
close (jC the twcll'tli century, except iinioiii; some
OVlliodox S|i;iiilaids, wiiu di|i|icd Imt uncc, :iiid lor
tlicir ti'niji;ul:u'ity liud to enlist llie iiilhuMicc oC
Pope Gi-ei^ory the Oi-eiit to protect them from
being rei;;:irded as religious outlaws; the suc-
cessors of these men, in the days of Charlemagne,
were constrained to accept eh.istiseiiu'nt I'roiii the
celebrated Alcuin for their departure from the gen-
eral custom. In EiiLdand trine immersion was the
usage ilown to the Ileformation. Frince Arthur,
the brother of Henry VIII., and Margaret, queen
of Scotland, his sister, and his children, Edward VI.
and Queen i'lli/.abeth, were baptized in this way.
Trine immersion is universal in Russia now, and
throughout the Greek and all the churches of the
East. Before the end of the si'cund century no
(.'hristian writer nn/ntions it. 'I'crtullian is tlie
iirst author who names it.

If the Scriptures had been reail afti'r the third
century as tliey were before it, and if baptism had
been translated as it had been previnusly instead
of beiii'j; transferred, trine immersion could not
liavc been per|:ietuated. It is one thing for an
error to creep into the cliuvclies, but with a faith-
ful Bilde, widely read and reveri'nced, ernus must
jierish. Jerome, iji his Vulgate, trausfeis bap-
tism, in Eph. iv. 5, '' (Jne ]>ord, one faith, and
one licijilisyny If Jerome had been a I'aithful
reviser, and luiJ rendered baptism imiiter.iion, huw
ditlicult it would Inive lieen all over Western
Europe, where ids Bible was read, to see the
words, "One Lord, one faith, and one immcr.'iiou,"
and at the sauie tiiue to practise trine initiiersion !
Jerome saw the ijiliicnlty even with the Greek
word baplisnui in lumian letters in his Latin text;
and in the Commentary which he ailded to his re-
vised New 'J'l'stanicnt he gives explanations al)Out
the reasiiu why, as he says, " we are immersed
three tinn's" (ter iiiergimur).

It would ap]iear as if " baptize" was transferred
into the Latin Vulgate to hide the meaning of the
word. The ordinance had been enlarged by two
extra dippings, and increased in other foolish
ways, but the Greek word baiitism covers every-
thing to the masses of readers ol' the Vulgate.

Tertullian (piotes froui a Latin K^ew Testament,
two hundred years older thau Jeronu^'s, and his
quotaticms from it, in his treatise " De Baptismo,"
always translate the verb " baptize.'' In the com-
uiission. Matt, xxviii., it reads, ''Oo, teach all
nations, immcrsiiii/ tlicm," etc. (tingueutes). IIer('
Jerome has "baptizing theui." In Matt. iii. (1,
Tertullian quotes, "Theywere immersed (tingue-
bantur), confessing their sins," cap. l''i, "0; .Je-
rome again ti-ansfers " baptized." TIm; New 'I'rs-
lament quoted by Tertullian translates the wcud,
and in all iirobaliility it was one of the versions

the revision of whieli we have in the Vulgate edi-
tion. Jei'ome's translaticju of the Old Testament
is nuH'c failhlul thau his rcivisiou of the New.

If Jerome had not transl'crreil the balitisiual
words, and Christians had continued -Bible-read-
ing, trine immersion could not have been perma-
nently sustained among Bible-loving Christians.
There is absolutely nothing in the Scriptures to
supp(H't it, and its liistoi-ical chain of evidence has
no links uniting it to the apostles or their times.

Trinity, The. — I'he L(Uidon Baptjst Confession
of Faith of 1(110, in .Articles I. and II.. says, " Tin-
Lord our God is but onf. God, whose subsistence is
in himself, whose essence cannot bo compreheinled
by any but himself; who only hath innnortality,
dwelling in the light, which no man can approach
unto; who is in himself most holy, every way in-
linite in greatni'ss, wisdom )iower, love ; merciful
and gracious, long-sulfei'ing, and abundant in good-
ness and truth, who giveth being, moving, and
preservation to all creatures.

" In this divine and infinite being there is the
Father, the Word, and the Holy .Spirit, each having
the whole divine essence, yet the essence undivided ;
all inlinite without any beginning, thcrclbrc but
one God, who is not to be tlivided in nature and
being, but distinguished by several ])eculiar rela-
tive properties." In these terms our fathers de-
scribed the great Jehovah, — one God in three per-
sons.

The Trinity rests U)ion the divinity of the Father,
Son, and Spirit. The i)city of the Father tidmits
of no discussion. Wc shall brielly present the
reasons which infallibly show that the Son is God,
and that the Spirit is Jehov:ili.

The Son of Goil had the Almighty for the father
of his human nature, and the word "son" always
has reference to the humanity of Christ, either by
anticipation or as representing an actual occur-
rence: "The angel answered and said unto her
(.Mary), 'The Holy Spirit shall come up(»n thee,
and the power of the Highest shall overshadow
thee; tlicrcfoi-e also that holy thing which shall be
born of thee shall be called the Son of God.' " —
Luke i. 30. When the Saviour says, "My Father
is greater than I," John xiv. 2.S, the use of the
word " father" shows that it is his human nature
that is compared to the divinity of the Father, and
in that sense the Father is greater than tin; Son.
He docs not say that the Father is greater than
the Word, the .Scriptural name for the divine na-
ture of Jesus. AViien lie compares his divinity and
the Father's, he says, " I anil my Father arc one."
— John X. 30. " I'hilip saitli unto him, " Liuil,
show us the Father, and it sulliceth us.' Jesua
saitli unto him, ' Have I been so long time with
you, and yet hast thou not known mo, I'hilipV
He that hath seen nic hath seen the Father, and

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TRINITY

1168

TRINITV

how siiyest thou then, ' Sliow us the Father?'"
From tliis it is evident th;it tlie divinity of the Sun
is us lilce tliat cjI' the Father as the reseinhlniiee
between two new {iiiKl eoins struck in the sunie
mint, and liaving llie same weijj;ht and the same
stamp, — tiiey are alike but nut identieal. All ref-
erenees to the subjcetion uC tlio iSon fco the Father
apply exelusively to his human nature. In his
divinity he is a (jerfeet likeness of the Father, " the
brightness of his glory, and the ixprcs.-i iiiiaije uf
his person." — Heb. i. '6. The W(U-d translated " e.\-
press image" is x"{>""'''^/l>t '^"'' '' teaehes us that
Christ bears tlie sauie " .tldiiiji'' of divinity as liis
Father, that he is his "' exact ami perfect resem-
blance or coun/crpaii.'^ John says, " In the begin-
ning was the ^\ ord, and the Word was with God,
and the Word was Giid, and the AV'ord was made
llesh and dwelt among us." — -John i. 1, 14. "The
beginning" was before the birth of the ages and
the worlds, and the Word existed then : and the
Word was with Ood, as an individual member of
the Trinity, and he was God ; and the Word was
made liesh in the ]jersun of Joaus. ('hrist, the
Logos, is solemnly pronounced God by tlie inspired
apostle. The word Logos means that Christ is the
spokesman of the Trinity, the revealer of God, who
manifested Jehovah in creation, in redemjition,
and in every appearance of the Deity under all
dispensations.

Omniscience is ascribed to Christ: " We must all
apjiear before thejui^lgnient-seat of Olirist, tliat every
one may receive the thiiigs done in his body, accord-
ing to tiiat bo hath done, whether it bo gooii oi' bad."
— 2 Cor. v. 10. To discharge the duties of this ollice
he must have a perfect knowledge of every human
heart, and of every event in the lives of all man-
kind. Little wonder that I'eter said, " Lord, thou
knowestall things, thou knowcst that I love thee."
— Jolin xxi. 17. Everything in the dusty past, in
the hazy jjresent, in the misty future, in this earth
and in every other world, is completely exposed
before him.

Omnipotence belongs to him. Paul says of
Christ, " By bun were all things created, that are
in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and in-
visible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or
priru;ipalities, or powers: all things were created
by him and hir him." — Col. i. 16. We can conceive
no wider stretch uf power than the ability needed
to create the universe of worlds. And it has no
equal unle.'ss it be the might needed to sustain his
vast creations, and this ia attributed to Christ.
I'aul describes him, " As upholding all things by
the word of his jiowcr." — lleb. i. 3. 'I'he wurd of
Jesus has sullicient weight to support myria<ls of
worlds, and he must be the Almighty.

lie is omnipresent: " Where two oj' three. ar(^
gathered together in my name, there am 1 in the

midst of them." — Matt, xviii. '20. Thus, on the
Lord's day, be must be in a multitude of places at
the Siime time.

He is unebangealile : "Jesus Christ, the same
yesterday, ti)-day, and forever." — llidi. xiii. 5.
Men are eonstimtly varying in soul ajid body, Ood
ehiinges nut. Christ is therefore the Lord God.

Jesus could not have iiierils before Jehovah if he
were only a creature. God claims from each num
the love and service of his whole being ; if he gives
it, he only renders to the Lord a just didit. He can-
not go beyond it. " The blood uf Jc^sus Christ, his
Sun, cleanses us fj'om all sin" (I John i. 7), and,
as a eonsequence, he was abiive creature relations
and obligations, and had something to which no
being had a claim. He w;is omnipotent, and could
bear the sin and pains which wuuld have crushed
the elect in the wuc^s of unending despair; as God
he liad merits, as a creatures be could have none.
He is " the first anil the last," the eternal Jehovah :
" Being in the f(U'm of Gnd, he thought it not rob-
bery to be equal with Ood." — Phil. ii. (). And as
l\iul aL'ain sa3's, " Whose are the fathers, and of
whom as concerning the llesh Clii'ist came, who is
over all, God blessed forever." — Uum. ix. 5. Little
wonder that Thonias exclaimed, as he saw him
after his resurrectiun, " iMy Lord and my God."
— John XX. 2S. The Saviour himself s;iys, " The
Father judgcth no m;in, but hath committed all
judgment unto the Sun, that all men should honor
the Son even as they honor the Father." — John v.
-i, 23. Christ has divine ln)nors.

The Holy Spirit is Jehovah. " Except," says
Christ, "a num be burn of water and of the Spirit
he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." — John
iii. 5. It follows that all who are truly in Christ's
gospel kingdom are born of the Spirit; and as the
new birth is blessing men in myriads of places at
the same time he must be everywhere present.
And, besides, it is expressly said of those who are
liorn again, that they arc " burn, iu)t of bloo<l, nor
of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of men, but
of God.'' — John i. 13. The Spirit, according to
this statement, is God.

Peter asks Ananias, " Why hath Satan filled thine
heart to lie to the Holy Spirit?" And he adds,
"Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God."- — ■
Acts v. 3, 4. According to inspired Peter, lying
to the Holy Spirit was stating a falsehood to God.
Peter on another occasion says, " Holy men of God
spake as they wore moved by the Holy Spirit." —
1 Peter i. 21. And Paul sfieaking of the yvritings
of these very men, asserts that " all Scri]jture is
given by iubpiration of tJod." — 2 4"irii. iii. It). Jt
follows tliiit ho who moved holy men of old to
write; pru|iheey was tJod the .Spirit. The S[)irit,
who regenerated Paul, and all believers, and who
carries on the work of grace in many millions of

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TRLMTY

\m

TUll'l'

earllily hearts iit this huur, and wlio will continue
it until they roaeh glory, is God, in all his j^reatnoss
iind luve.

The three divine |ierson.s are inie (<ocl. This is
a great mystei'y ; hnt nut greater tlian the mys-
teries presented by sunie of the material olijeels
aruuiid US. We eLinniit umlersland" the niude liy
which certain agcnicies [nodnee the wood ol' a tree,
and its bark, foliage, blossoms, and iVuit ; cr the
way by which human hiud makes bones, and Ui'sh,
and skin, and Iniir, and nails. 'I'hese are mysteries,
but we belie\e ihem frecdy, though we do nut un-
derstand the proecss of develo|mu'ut. In one sense
Father, Son, and Spirit are three persons, and in
another they are one. " Webster's Dictionary''
delines the Trinity as the union of three persons
(the Father, the .S(ui, and the Holy S|iirit) in one
(iudhead, so that all the three are one (iod as to
substance, but three piu'sons as to inilividnality."
'I'hls is in the main llu; doctrine of th(^ trinity, as
held by uU the great communities of (diristendom.
St. I'atrick is repi'csented as illustrating tliis triple
union by the shamrock. That kind iif wild clover
has a single stem, and three! distinct and equal
leaves; it is one at the stem, and three at the
leaves. A converted Indian is reported to inivo
compared this wonderful union of three sacred
|iersons to a river in winter, fro/.eii over, with snow
lying on the ice ; there was the running water, the
crystal covering, and the snow, the three forms of
one material elem.cnt, being distinct from each
other, and yet united in location and element. 15ut
this mystery is incapable td' illustration. It is,
however, clearly taught in the Scriptures.

The divine eommaml to bapti/.e is, " tio ye there-
fore and teach all nations, liaptizing them in the
name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Spirit."— Matt, xxviii. I'J. In this "great
commission" the Son and Spirit are placed on an
exact equality with the Father. If he is Jehovah
so are they. In 0|jpositiun to all gainsayers, these
words, till the de:tth-knell of time shall be readied,
will proclaim the T'rinity of persons in the (jlod-
head.

In 2 Oor. xiii. 14, we read, "The grace of the
Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of (iod, and the
eommurnon of the Holy (Jhost be with you all."
Here the grace of Christ and the communion of
the Spirit are placed on the same grand level with
the love of tiie Father. If the words ran, " 'I'he
love of (!od, tlie grace of Moses, and the commu-
nion of Klijah l)e with you all," they would out-
rage the wlnde Clirisliau family, and proclaim an
impossible e(|uality of creatures with their Maker.
'I'he commission and tiie l)nn<'dietion show beyorid
all dnnbt the eijual divinily of Fallier, Son, and
Spirit. We might refer to nniny other Scripture
testimonies, but our space is limit(;il.

As the liible repeatedly utters tiie sentiment in
Dent. vi. 4, " Hear, 0 Israel, the i-ord our God is
one Lord," there must be in the Deity a jierfect
oneness ; and as the same infallible authority places
Father, Son, and Spirit asecpials in milkurihi in all
other divine attributes and in saehnj powtr^ that
one God mus,t exist in three persons. The writer
once saw on a mountain-side three inagniliceiit trees
rising up apparently from one set of roots, and
close to the roots there was a clear spring of de-
licious water ; the sun was shining warmly and
brightly, and llie ]jros|ieet was extensive and evi'ii
glorious. Tlie 'i'rinity was suggeste<l by the entiie
scene, and the saving ofliec of each person of it :
the grace of the Son, the love of the Father, and
the c<jmniunion of the Spirit making a fountain of
life for tile perishing, with healing beatiis from the
sun of righteousness, and blessed prosjieets of the
heavenly (jaiiaan.

Tripp, Rev. Henry, from l.S,3l to liis death, in
KS()3, hail his home in Franklin, Lenawee Co.,
]\Iich., and his field of ministerial lalior in that and
in adjoining towns, lit: was a member of the church
in Lristol, England, under Kobcrt Hall's ministry ;
became a sailor in the English navy, and afterwards
in our own under Decatur. He went early as a
missionary from England to the West Indies, and
was greatly loved by the negroes iis their true friend,
both there and ever afterwards in this country. He
was tireless in his preaching labors, usually with
no compensation but that received from the Master
alone. His character and labors won the highest
conlidenco of all, and he departed at eighty-two
j'ears of age, rich in the esteem of the good. Ilis
son, Ilobert Hall Tripp, has been Professor of Latin
in the State University cd' Minnesota.

Tripp, Rev. John, was bom in Dartmouth (now
Fairhaven), Mass., March 25, 1761. He developed
wdien very young an ardent passion for study, but
the opjjortunities for gratifying liis desire for learn-
ing were of the most limited character. Where,
however, there is a will there is generally a way.
He managed to procure some (jreek and Latin
books, and did what he could to obtain a knowledge
of these languages. Then came the wish to be use-
ful in the Christian ministry, and the desire ripened
into a residution, and the resolutinii into action.
After preaching for a period in different places he
was ordained in Carver, Mass., in September, 1701.
Here he remained until the itnideqnacy of the sup-
port lie received forced him to resign. His next
settlement was in Heliron, Me., where Jio com-
menced his labors on the 3d of July, 17'IS. Here
he had a most successful pasturat(t for fjrty-live
years. The Spirit of God was richly poured out on
his Ihick from time to time, and itgri'W in nnmljers
and in grace. At the ripe old age oi' eighty-six
and a half years he jiassed on to receive the reward

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TROT MAN

1170

TUCKKH

of " ;i gcjod aiul faithful sorvaiit." His death oc-
curred Sept. It), 1847.
Tiotman, Rev. ftuentin H. — 'I'he largest As.so-

ciatiini ill Niirlh C'ar.iliiia is Ihe (Jhowaii, which
niimhers upwards of 1(1,(100 coiiiniiinioaiits, and
for thirty years tlio most popular and iiitluoiitial
man in this large body was (2. II' 'I'rotinan. He
was born in l'eri(uimans do., N. ('., Jan. Ii7, 180.").
At the age of nineteen he married. He was at
this tiuie, and fur several years afterwards, notorious
for his wiekcdriess, but it was his good fortune to
have a praying wife, and the desire of her heart
was aecouiplished when, in April, l.Sl'.S, she saw
him baptized by llev. Koliert, T. Haiiiel. He began
111 preach in ll^.'iO, and having been called to the
pastorate of Sandy Cross church, (jates Co., he
was ordained by llevs. Jeremiah lOthridgn and John
Howell in 1831. With the exee))tion of one year,
18ii3, spent in Ualeigli as the pastor of the Baptist
church thin-c, he remained the pastor of the Sandy
Cross church till just before his death. Ho lost
his sight in 1859, but eontlnned to preach, a friend
reading for him. His wife died in February, 18(12,
and he quickly followed her, dying in the triuiuj)hs
of faith on the 'Jth of May of the same year.

Mr. Trotman was a strong Baptist, and fond of
controversy. So important a place did he believe
baptism to oceU|iyiii the gospel system that be
once told the writer that if he should remeui))cr,
after death, that he had ever preached a sermon
without nicntioni-ng baptism he would turn over in
his grave. He was a natural orator of great power,
a bold, fearless, generous, noble man, a born nili'r
of assemblies, a king among men, anil he did more
to e.Ktend Baptist principles in the State than any
man of his day.

True, Rev. Benjamin Osgood, son'of Reuben
and Hannah ( I luueiin ) 'fnie, was born in Plain-
tield, N. H., Dee. I'l, 184.); litted for college at
Kimball Union Academy, N. H. ; graduated from
Dartmouth College in 18Gb, and from Rochester
Tlicological Semirniryin 1870; pastor at Bald\\-ins-
vilh', N. Y., l870-7;i ; pastm- at .Meriden, Conn.,
from I87.')-7'.); traveled idglit months in l'<urope in
1872, and one year in F.urope ami the East in
1879-80; settled with ('enlrai Baptist eliureh in
Providence, R. I., Se|it. 1, I8-80; an able and siic-
ce-isful pastor.

Trustees are not olficers of a church required
l)y the New 'I'cstament, but by the slate. Nor are
they peculiar to churches ; they must be appointed
by all benevolent, incorporated societies, owning
))roperty. 'I'liey have no authority over the mem-
bership of the (diurch in any of their religions acts
or privileges; tlu^y simply represent the churrli in
nniuaging its property. Neither have they any
control over the minister in electing him, ilismiss-
ing him, or interfering with his use of the church

edilice for any of the regular religious services of
Ills people, or for any of the proper and customary
functions of his ollice. lint in all other nmtters
they represent the owiu'rs ol' the church |u-opei-ty,
and control it in accordance with the authority
conferred upon them by law.

As their dnti(^s ai'e purely financial, Ihe congre-
gation, as well as the chiireh, is oriiii repri'seuird
in the board of trustees, and frequently this re|ire-
seutation is demandrd liy the charter. 'I'liis feature
in the compiosition of boards of trustees woidts well
wdiere it has been Irird ; of course the majority of
every such body will brioiig to the church.

Tryon, Rev. William Melton, eldest son of
William and .fane (l'liili|is) 'I'lyon, was born in
the city of New York on tlie lOtli of March, ISO'.);
was converted in his sevenleimth year, and bap-
tized by Rev. ('has. (i. Sommers, D.l'. ; united with
the church at Augusta, (Ja., Dec. 30, 1832; was
licensed ; pursued .studies for the ministry three
years at Mercer Institute (now University) ; served
for SOUK! time the churches at Washington, Lump-
kin, and Columbus. In 1837 accepted the call to
the jiastoral care of Kufaula church ; great success
attended his labcu's. ;\ t the close of 1839 he ac-
cepted a call fiom the church at AVclumiika, Ala. ;
sei'vcd one year. In 1841 lie removed to Tcsas
under the patronage of the American Baptist
Home Mission Society, and settled in Washing-
ton County ; served Independence, Providence,
Burleson Co., and I'rovidi'iice, Wasliingtun Co.,
churches. In 1846 he removed to Houston, wdicre
he built uj") a l.irge and prosperous cbundi. For
sometime previous to his death he had a strong pre-
sentiuu'iit that he hail not much longer time to live.
When Ihe yidlow fever appeared in Houston, in
1847, iu_' remaiiu'd at liis post discharging his duty
until prostrated himself by the fever. After an
illness of ten days, he died Nov. 10, 1847, in the
thirty-ninlh year of his age. Judge Baylor said
of him, "He had a rari^ combinafion of excel-
lences." " With iiim originated the projeet of es-
tablishing a Baptist university in Texas. He lirst
Kuggested the idea, and i immediately fell in with it.
Very soon after we sent a memorial to the Congress
of the re|iublie. As I was most biiniriar with such
things, I dictated the memorial, and he wrote it."

Tucker, Rev. George, a prominent minister in
Louisiana, was born in 'I' cnnessee. Dee. 12, ISOli;
has held uumy ])rominent pastorates, as Columbus,
Miss., .Jackson, 'I'enn., Marshall and Houston,
Texas, and First Baptist ehnrcli, Shrevopoit, La. ;
has presided over the IJaplist Conventions of Mis-
sissippi and Louisiana; was a major in tlie Cnn-
fcderate army, and also posimnstcr at Shreveporf,
La. During his ministry he has baptized 1400
persons. He still does cll'cctive .service as an
evangelist.

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TilCKKR

1171

TUCKhUi

Tucker, Henry Holcombe, D.D., LL.D., editor

of till'. C hrislian Iiuhx. uimI |icm-|i;i|is tlic jimst Ijril-
liiiiit U;i|jti.st (Jcoi'j;iu li:i.s |iriiilinv.lj wan linrii in
W'iiiToii Cuiiiity, May In, \^\'.K llis fallifr was tliu
sou ol' a wealthy planter, ami was a male iif eiiltiiro
ami elej;aiit aiMruss. Jlis iiiotliei- was a claiiglitei'
of liev. Henry lluleuuilie, D.I), liutli families came

lIKNItV UOl.c'OMlll.: TrcKKH, K.I)., IL.T).

from Vir^^iiiia, wliei-e tlie former, cspeciallv, is well
known anil distiiijriiislKHl. AV'lien a mere eliikl,
yiiiinj^ Tueker was taken to i'liihnlelphia, wliiM'e,
with oeeasioiKil iiitenu|itions, he remained until
he was eighteen or nineteen yeara old.

He received his preparatory education at tlie aca-
deniiedepartnientof the University (iC Pennsylvania.
Having gone tlirinigli a marvelous amount of most
e.\actiug drill in Latin and (Jretk, he entered the
university as Fresliiiian in |.So4,and remained until
Senior half advanced, when he entered the Senior
class of Columliiaii (.'ulic^e, Washiunton, 1). C,
where he was graduatcil A. I!, in ISIJS. Years
passed hy, and in ISlli jm « as admitted to tin; liar
in Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga. He |)raetised his
professiun until 1.S4S, when he alianiloiied it to
enter tlie Christian ministry. Sellini; his law
hooks. III.' repaired to Mercer University to receive
private instruction from its veni.Talile president.
Dr. DaL'jr. His desire was to enter fully and at
once into the work of the Christian ministry, hut
strong pressure was lirought to hear upon him, and
lie was iiicluccd reluetaiitly to give up his plans and
liccome an eduitator. He taught young ladies for
two or three years in the .Southern Fenmle College,

La Grange, Ga., and afterwards, for a short time,
in the Kichnioiid Female institute, Jtichmoml, Vii.
In 185(1 he was elected I'mfessor of litdles-ljettres
and Metaphysics in Mercer University, which |io-
sitioii he held until ISlili, wdien the institution was,
in a measure, hroken up by the war. In ISGO he
was unanimonsly (dected president of Mcrc:er Uni-
versity, and it was iluring his adniinistralion that
the university was removed from I'enlield to iMacon.
He has the credit of lieing one of the chief promo-
ters of that change. Kesigning the presidency of
Mercer University in IhTI, ho went to Fairope,
taking his family with him, and was alisent over
a year. While there he assisted in the formation
of the Baptist eliurcli in Uoiiie, and hapti/.ed a man
in the 'fiber, probably the lirst time such an act was
performed there sinee the days of the early Cliris-
tian.s. While in I'.iris lie olliiaati'd during a large
part of one winter in the American chapel, in
1874 he was elected ehaneelhn- of the University
of 0<'0rgia, a position which he IIIKmI four years.
He is now tlii^ editor-in-chief of the Cliiislian
Index, Atlanta, Ga., in the zenith of his powers, ■
and wielding a )icn of unusual brilliam-y.

ilr. 'fucker was a regular pastor but once only, in
1S54, at Alexandria, Va. Falling health compelled
his resignation in less than a year, but ho has never
ceased to preach, and in many of the cities and
towns on the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Geor-
gia, he has proclaimed the truths of the gospel.
His sermons always attract and delight large
throngs by their originality, great vigor <d' tlionglit
and ex|ir(!hsion, and intense earnestness. A re-
markable sermon of his on " 15aptism," preaelied
at Saratoga in l>S7y, was published by the American
iiaptist i'ublication Society, ami commanded very
general attention because of its originality. About
IS.'m lie published a series of h;tters on " Ileligioiis
i,ibcrty,'' addressed lo the Hon. Alexandi.T 11.
Steijhens, wlii(di were widely copied all over the
United States. He has also published a number
of sermons and addresses, one of llio best of which
is ■' 'i'lie Iviglit and the AVrong Way of raising
Money for Religious and Benevolent Purposes."
In l.NI'i.S, J. 15. Lippiiii(jtt A; C<i. published for liinr
a small volume entitled " 'I'lie Gospel in lOiioch,"
wlii<'h e.\<'ited mu<;h attention by its ori;;inality.
Dr. 'fucker's style of writing is polished and schol-
arly, racy, manly, pungent, and strongly Sa.\on,
and, like his thoughts, logical and lucid. It never
wearies, but always enchains ami sparkles. His
manner of speaking is bold, candid, and fearless.
He is a logician by nature as widl as by culture.
His tone of mind is dccide'dly practical. He op-
posed secession, and debated the is,-,ue publicly;
but when the war commenced he took sides with
his own people, and, from first to last, co-operated
heartily with the Confederates. One of the lirst to

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TL'CKFJi

1172

TUCKKRS

foresee tlio suit faiiiiiie, ho oaniostly advoeatod the
luiimil'acture of salt, iiml siioii ln'ciiiiio the president
uf a hu'f^o salt iiiauiirai'tiiLiui; e. niipany- ^V'lu■ll
smallpox pl'evaili;il in the cniintrv, lie proviiled
iiiiiiself with pure vaeoinc virus and a lancet, and
vaccinated all, old and younir, hlaek and white,
whom he fiinnd williTii^ to suhniit' to the opera-
tion. He was the anthor and I'omuler of the
"Georf^ia Kidiid' and Hospital Association," an
institution which corresponded larirely with tiie
Nortliern Christian Commission, and wliicli car-
ried aid and comfort to tens of thousands of sick
and wounded and dying Confederate soldiers.
The institution was very p0|iular with the .South-
ern people, and cnornujus eouti-ihutions to its sup-
port were made.

He was haptizi.'il, in ISod, in the river Dela-
ware, hy the elder IJi'antly, and was ordained at
La Grange, Ga., in 1^51. The degree of l^.H. was
conferred on him hy theCohnnhian College, Wash-
ington City, in fSliO, and the! degi'ee of 1-.L.I>. was
conferred on him Ijy iMercer University in INTO.

A most entertaining coinpanion, he is a pro-
found theologian, a well-informed man on all sub-
jects, with a highly-cultured intcdleet.

Tucker, Rev. J. H., president of Keachi Female
College, La., was horn in Alabama in ISli'J; was
educated at Union University, Tenn. ; for several
years engaged in teaching; in 1S55 was Professor
of Mathematics in Mount Lebanon University, La. ;
in 185G pastor of First IJaptist church, Shroveport,
La. ; elected yjrosident of Keachi Female College
in 1858, a position which he held until the war.
He resumed the position in 1S71. Wliile teaching
he has preaidwd regularly to ehundies in the sur-
rounding country. He has served three years as
president of Louisiana Baptist Convontion, and
si.x years as moderator of Grand Cane Association.
lie is a man of tine executive abilities, a clear
head, sound juilgmunt, and a kind heart.

Tucker, Rev. J. J,, was born in Halifax, Vt.,
Oct. 0, 1S27, and was baptized in 1S35. He was
for some time engaged in te;udiiug and |ireaching,
while he was fitting for college. He graduated at
AVilliains College in the class of 1.S54. H(> studied
for a while at Newton, and completed his theologi-
cal education at Rochester, where he graduated in
1860. lie was ordained pastor of the Pleasant
Street church in Worcester, Mass., Aug. HO, 1801),
where he remained a little more than a year. He
became pastor of the church in South Dedhain,
Mass., in the fall of 1SG2, where lie secured a
strong hold upon the aflfectious of his church. His
health failing, his people gave him leave of ab-
sence, and he tried the elfect of the climate of .Min-
nesota, hoping tiiat it might arrest the pr(J^n■.^.-l of
the pulmonary disease from which he wa-^ .holler-
ing. The experiment [iroved a failure, and on his

retui'ii home he was so prostrated that he was
obliged to sto|) at Chicago, where he died Jan. 13,
IStVl.

Tucker, Rev. W. H., at present engaged as a
missionary iii New Orleans, was born in 1840.
^Vhile a soldier in Virginia he was ba|itized by
Ih'. lUirrows, in llichmoud, in I8li4, and began to
preach at his home at I'ontchoutnla, La., in ISl'i.j ;
pastor at Magnolia, .Miss., in I8(')8 ; subsequently
jiastor at Crawfordsville, Bethesda, and Sharon
churches, in Columbus (Miss.) Association ; edited
the (Orphans'' h'riinid and preached at Orphan
Asylum at Lauderdale, Miss.; pastor at Sardi>
and Batesville ; after the death of the lamented
L)r. Wilson, he supplied the Coliseum Place church.
New Orleans, for some time, and is at ]n-esent
laboring in the city under appointment of the
board of the Mississippi Baptist Convention.

Tuckers, The Five Brothers.— Flisha was born
in llensselaerville, Albany (_'u., N. Y., Dec. 24,
1794 ; when twelve years old he was baptized. He
was ordained pastor of the church at Coventry,
Ciienango Co., Aug. 19, 1818 ; in August, 1822, he
took charge of the church in Fredouia. In this as
in the first fi(dd he labored successfully until the
outbreak of that violent epidemic known as the
anti-Masonic agitation in 11S20. Mr. I'ucker was
a Mas(ui, ami he was a brave man, who would not
permit even Baptists to restrain his freedom. He
had to defend himself before a council, which ac-
quitted him, and in a community which was pre-
judiced against an institution which he showed to
be jiurely fraternal, and he survived the excitement
and unkind feeling, and his reputation outlived that
of the Jlasonic wrecks around who yielded to the
tempest. In September, 1831, ho became pastor
of the First Baptist church of Buffalo, and in Sep-
tember, 1836, he entered uiiou the pastorate of the
Second church of Rochester, and in 1841 he took
charge of the Oliver Sti-oet church, N. Y. In 1848
ho removed to Chicago ; that year Madison Uni-
versity conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of
Divinity. In the spring of 1851 he was compelled
to suspend regular labor, though his church would
not permit him to resign. He died Dec. 29, 18.')3.
Dr. Tucker was an able, inde]iendeut, courteous,
devout, and successful minister of Jesus. His
brother Levi was honi iu Broome, Schoharie Co.,
N. Y., July 6, 1804. He was converted in his six-
teenth year. He graduated in Hamilton in 182'.l,
and soon after he left college he was ordained at
Deposit, N. Y. In the two years of his first i)as-
torate he baptized 174 jiersoiis. In 1831 he ac-
ce|)ted the call of the IMuckley church. West Phil-
adidphia. Pa., where he labored live years. From
West Philadelphia he i'ion<pvcd to Cleveland, ().,
and lu^stowed si;vcn years of serviei' upon the (diuridi
ill that city ; his next lieid was Boll'alo, to which

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TIJGGLK

1173

TUPPER

liu f^ave isix years. In Decemljer, 184S, lie took
eliarije of the IJowiloiu Place cliuvoh, Boston, witli
wliicli lie continued till 1852, wlicn, unable to work
fur the Master, he resigned, lie visited lOuroiie for
health, and on his return his disease gained the
mastery over liiiii, and he jiassed away Ang. 20,
ISf).'!. In every pastorate h(.' \va^? sneeessfiil.
Jluiiiii;; hi.s ministry he lia|iti/.('il 1S\^ mid he re-
ceived into his ehiirclu'S .')02 otherwise. C'harle.s
was hurn in l!r(j(niie, Schoharie Co., X. Y., in Ajiril,
1803. lie was converted in his nineteenth year;
after a Ijrief union with the Prcsliyterian Church
he adciiited Scriptural toaeliings about liaptism, ami
was immersed into the fellowship nf the clinreh of
Deposit. lie was educated at Hamilton, N. Y.,
and Haddington, I'a. ; in 1S37 he was ordained to
the pastorate of the church of Milesburg, Pa. ; two
and a half yours later ho took charge of the church
at Jersey Shore; after .six 3'ear.s' labor he was
called to the Tabernaele church. Philadidphia, and
in it he toiled for the Master until he was called
home, in September, 1850.

Anson Tucker, another of the live brothers who
were preachers, was an eloquent and useful )ninis-
tcr. He was born at Broome, Schoharie Co., N. Y..
June 8, 1811. His father, Charles Tucker, who lived
ti be eighty-four years of age, was himself in his
later life a licensed preacher. At tiie time of Iiis
conversion, Anson Tucker was a teacher in Phila-
delphia, and attended upon the ministry (jf his
brother. Rev. Levi. Tucdicr. He studied for the
ministry at Had<lington College, and was ordained
in lSlj5. His pastorates were at Sardinia and Lock-
port, N. Y., Norwalk, 0., Adrian, Midi., Lafayette,
Ind., and Dixon and Minimouth, 111. He died at
the last-named place April 23, 1858, aged forty-
seven. His health had long been feeble, y^t only
three days previoii-s to his death he adminhstered
the ordinance of baptism.

Silas Tucker, D.D., was born May 10, 1813. He
was baptized in I'hiladelphia by his brother. Rev.
Levi Tucker, pastor of the Blockley church, Dec'
22, 1833, and in the following year was licensed to
[ueach liy the sainc church. After studying one
year with his brother lie entered the Hamilton
Literary and Theological Seminavy, and .-^ludied
there in the regular course until 1837. He then
accepted a call to the pastorate of the church in
Ohio Cit)', now a jmrt of Cleveland. From that
lime, during a jieriod of thirty-live years, he was
a cliligcnt and successful minister and pastor, his
death occurring at Aurora, III., Nov. 7, 1872.
Among the churehc's which he served were Ohio
City and Elyria, 0., Laporte and Logansport, Ind.,
Racine, W'\v,., Naperville, Galeslairg, and Aurora,
III.

Tug-gle, Hon. W. 0,, a lawyer of La Orange,
Ga., a man of distinction in both Church and State.

He was born in Henry Co., (ia., Sept. 25, 1841,
and settled in La tirange, Troup Co., in 1852. Ho
is ii [lolished and wcll-edueateil gentleman. He left
college to join the army in 1861, and .served until
the close of the war. I'or two years he served
under Ca]it. John Morgan, and was with him in
liis great raids in iventueky and Ohio, being cap-
tuied twice, and esca(iing liotli timi's after mic
month's imprisonment. — the first time at St. Louis,
!Mo., and the second time at Indianapolis, Ind. In
public life, he was a I'resideiitial elector in 1871).
He was a member of the .State constitutional con-
vention in 1877, and a delegate to the national
convention in 187G and in 18M), and was elected to
the Georgia senate in 18t)8. As agent for Georgia
he Collected, in 1879, from the general government,
a forgotten claim of $72,000 ; and he is iit present
the official agent and attorney of the Creek Nation
in the Indian Territory.

He professed conversion and was ba)jti'/.e(l at tlie
age of fifteen, joining the church at Rome in 185().
He has been a Sunday-scdiool superintendent for
sixteen years ; fur three years he was the secretary
of the Southern Baptist Convention ; and ho is a
member of the board of trustees for Mercer Uni-
versity.

Mr. Tuggle is just forty, and in the prime of
life; he has a lino intellect and extensive literary
aciiuirements.

Tunkei'S, that is, Dipfiers. — See German Bap-
tists.

Tupper, Charles, D.D., the father of Sir Chas.
Tu|iper, .Minister of Public Works, Canada, was
born in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, Aug. 6, 17'J4 ;
converted Feb. 17, 1815: liaptized by ' Rev. Ed-
ward Manning, Jlay 14, 1815 ; commenced preach-
ing March 24, 1810; ordained at Cornwallis, July
17, 1817 ; was successively pastor at Amherst,
Nova Scotia, St. John, New Brunswick, and 'I'ryon
and Bedeque, Prince F.dward Island, and Ayles-
ford and Upper Wihnot, till 1870, fifty-three years
in all ; in his useful ministerial and missionary
work ho traveled 175,206 miles, preai.died 8147 ser-
mons, and bapti/.ed 5fi5 persons ; has taught him-
self to read the Scriptures in Latin, Greek, Hebrew,
Syriac, French, German, etc. ; was editor of the
liitplisl Maijazhie, and secretary to the Foreign
JMissionary Board ; iinblishcd " Vindication of
Baptist Principles," and he has written vohimi-
noiisly for the religious press. Dr. Tupper pos-
sesses the highest eharaeter for fidelity, piety, and
prudence ; lie is now in the eighty-seventh year of
his age.

Tupper, Henry Allen, D.D., vvus burn in
Charleston, S. C, Feb. 2'.), Is28. His early edu-
cation was directed by Dr. Dyer Ball, for many
years a missiunary in the Fast, with whosirdmigli-
ters, afterwards Mrs. French and Mrs. Hopper,

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T UPPER

1174

TLJI'PFjR

dislinmiistied sclioliirs in the Cliiiiu.vo hiiigiiiii;i', ho
liail thu ]ih';isiii-(^ of piirsiiiiii; his studies. Ilo was
bii|iti/.i'il Irv l>r. I!. l''iilli'r iii' l.Sll'i; )jiiisiK'd his
stiuru's fur a whili' in Ch;irii'.st(]ii ('(jlK-^r, and then
onli'i-ed Madisiin University, IVoni whieh lie j;i'ad-
nated in 1!S4,S, and IVoni the tliedhigieal seminary
in INTjO. All Jlr. 'rn|jpor's previnm tiainiiiLi; and
nssoeiatlinis led him t(i desire tu laiiiir iii (he I'ureiiin
missionary lield, lint providential eireunistances

UENKY Ar.I.EN TUl'1'EH, D.D.

seemed to prevent its fnllillnn-nt. For tlireo years
he was jiastor of the Baptist elinreh in (iranitevilie,
S. C, and he removed thenee to assnme the jiaa-
torat(! of the clinieh in AV'asiiinglon, Oil., where he
was eminently siieeessful in his lajjors. lle|ieated
offers of professorships, seeretaryship.s, and other
pastorates failed to remove him frfini this field of
labor, where he remained for nearly twenty years.
l>r. Topper at one time proposed to beeouie hea;!
of a Christian eolony to Japan, but the plan prov-
ing unsuccessful, lie supported, at his own e.xpense,
a missionary among our own Indians, and also one
in Africa, while at the same time he devoted much
of his time to the spiritual welfare of the colored
population in his own neighborhood. For many
years he preached every Sunday afternoon exclu-
sively to the ehildron, ami fiublishcd many sermons
for them. During the war he served as eha|ilain of
the 9th Georgia Uegiment of the Confederate army.
On the death of Dr. J. ]}. 1'aylor, who had been
the corresponding secretary of the Foreign Mis-
sionary IJoarJ of the Southern ]5aptist Convention
from its origin, Dr. Tupper was invited to become

his successor, and, being peculiarly fitted for that
responsible jiosition, lie aecept(;d it. He entered
upon his duties in I.ST'J, and his labors have been
abundantly blessed. A new interest in missions
has been iiuieUened, and the coiilributions enlarged.
Dr. 'I'upper has been an ardent Irleinl of educa-
tion, lie was a trustee of Mereer University,
(JiL, and of the Ba|itist 'riieological Seminary,
(Jrecuiville, S. ('. He is now a trustee of lliehmond
College, and also of those two excellent institutions
for young ladies, lioUins Institute and Kiehmond
Institute. lie has contributed also to the literature
of the denomination, having |iiiblislied sundry sim-
liions delivered before education so(-ietii.'s, '• 'I'lu'
First Century of the First Baptist Cliurrh of Kieh-
mond, \'a.," and, at the request of the Southern
Baptist Convention, a work entitled " Foreign Mis-
sions of the Soutbeni Baptist Convention." In
18l)2 Madison University conferred on him- the de-
gree of A.M. in course, and in IS70 the honorary
diigree of D.D. In 1855 lie visited Kurope. l>r.
Tupjier's wife is a sister of Ivev. Dr. Hoyce, of the
seminary at Louisville, and it may interest his
friends to know that the Knglish poet 'i'upper is a
relative of his. One who knew him well has said,
"Dr. Tupper is essentially a missionary man,
whom circumstances alone prevented from going to
the missionary field. I'ersonally, he is one of the
most liberal of men, and before the war, when
quite wealthy, he contributed thousands annually
to the missionary cause."

Tupper, James, Esq., was born in Charleston,
S. C., Dec. y, ISl'J, and died at Summerville, about
twenty miles from Charleston, Aug. 28, 1808. He
united with the First Baptist church when about
si.xteen, and was lieenseil to preach a few years
later, but never was ordained, prelerring to be a
lay preacher and deacon.

At about twenty-one he was admitted to practise
law. He was soon after idected to the Legislature,
and was chosen by that body a master in equity.
He held this ollice with great honor to himself and
advantage to the [lublic to the time of his death.
For several years ho also held the im)iortant [lOst
of State auditor. No public ollicer ever gave more
uniform satisfaction.

Had you seen him in the court-room you would
have thought his head and heart were wholly de-
voted to the law. Had you heard liiin addressing
his brethren in the |jra3'er-meeting, from which he
was never absent, or the children in the Sunday-
school, of which be was the superintendent, you
would have known that he had '' detiu'inined to
know nothing save Jesus Christ and him eruci-
ticd." His evangelical and cheerful sjiirit spread
as if by contagion and pervaded all jjresent,
whether in a social circle or in a large assembly.
One of his noblest characteristics was his deep

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TV UN HULL

1175

TURNEll

intcirst in cliilili'oii :uiil yoiinii people, and few
luive liail :i greater or Imppier inlliUMiee over llieiii.
.Sueli was ,1,11110s Topper. "Not, kIoLIiIiiI in Imsi-
ness, rcrviMit in spirit, servinj^ tlie Lin-ii. '

It ib true in a I'ar wider sense than tliat in wliieli
the poet usixl the words, tliat '' The evil tliat men

:i. i JAMES TUl'l'ER, ESQ.

do lives after them." So, too, the jj;ood that the
departed did will lonj; survive him in liia luitive
eity, uiul eternity alone can I'nlly di.sclose it.
"Blessed are the dead who die in the liord !''

Turnbull, Robert, D.D., was Ikhh of I'reshy-
terian parenta;j;e, in ^Vhitebul■n, Linlithj;owshire,
Soothmd, Sept. 10, ISO'.) ; religiously educated :
graduated at Glasgow Univevsity ; attended tlie
theological leetures of (.'ludmers at Kdinhnrgh ;
while thus i)reparing for the ministry, by a study
of the Bible he became a Baptist ; ])reaehed a
year and a half in A\^estinaiu:ottc, Worcester-
shire, England ; in IS.iS, at the age; of twenty-fmir,
came to America; settled with the Second Bap-
tist cliurch in llanbiiry, Ooini. ; aftia' two yi'ar.s
was called to the First liaptist church in Detroit,
Jlich. ; two years biter became pastor of the South
Bay)tist church in Hartford, Conn.; always pros-
pered in his work ; in ISo'J settled with the Harvard
Street church, Boston, Mass. ; nuido a tour abroad ;
a ready writer; in .Inly, ISlf), returned to Hart-
ford, Conn., and settled with the Kirst Baptist
church, and remained for about twenty-four years ;
here, as always, greatly blessed with revivals and
church piogress ; on leaving the pastorate, in USIi'J,
labored in various jilaces, and with marked success

in New Haven, leading to the formation of the
Calvary Baptist church, and also at Ansonia; in
IS72 was chosen to the seeretary,-liip of the (ion-
neelicut l)a|itist State Cunvention, and sueeessfnily
superintended its work ; was a vigorous, (doipient
preacher; a broad and tliorough scholar; an easy,
graceful, prolilie writer ; among his jniblislied
works are " The Ociuius of Scotland," '• The CleniuK
<d' Italy," " Olympia .Mori'uta," " (Claims of Jesus,"
" Theophany, or Manilestation of God in Christ,"
containing a review of Dr. Biishnell's work, " Thr
I'ulpit Orators of France and Switzerland," " Tl'
Student Preacher," "The World we Live In,
"Christ in History," and " Life-1'ictures, or
Sketches from a Pastor's Note-Book ;'' also wrote
articles \\)r the C'hrinUaii liccicw, of which he was
the joint eilitor for a time with Dr. J. N. Mur-
dock ; wrote much for the C/iii.slian Scciiiaii/ ;
toiled for missions and for education ; gifted, stu-
dious, devout, genial, progressive, persevering, be-
nevolent, eloquent, full id' love and faith; died in
Christian triumph at Hartford, Conn., Nov. 21),
1877, aged sixty-eight; deeply mourned by the
State and by all the Baptists of our country.

Turner, Prof. J. A., was born in (heensville
Co., Va., Aug. 6, 1839. lie entered Bichmond
College in 185G. and graduated as Bachelor of
Arts in I85S, with the highest honors. In 1858
he matriculated at the University of Virginia, and
received his diplonni as Master of Arts in that in-
stitution in 18G0. At the opening (d' the war Piof.
TurniM- was ofl'ered the position of majm-, but de-
clined the honor in order to share with a cherished
eompani(jn the duties of a ]irivate position. Sub-
ser|uently, howcxei-, he served as sergeant-major,
and also as an ollieer of ordnance. He was a very
active memlier of the Masonic fraternity, rising
rapidly through its various grades, and it was
while attending a meeting of this body in Hieli-
mond that he took a severe cold, which resulted in
his <leath. In 1861 lie took charge of the i\Iossy
Creek Academy, Augusta Co., Va., which position
he left to join the army. During the winter of
1863-04 he was engaged in teaching in the Roanoke
Female College, Danville, Va., and subsequently
lie had charge of a school in Surry Co., Va. In
1867 ho was invited to take charge of the chair of
Latin and Modern Languages in llolliiis Institute,
Botetourt Springs, \'a., which position he ex-
changed, in 1869, for that of the English and Mod-
ern. Languages. I'rof Turner's health continuing
gradually to decline, and his voice failipg, he de-
cided, at the earnest solicitation of frienils, to
spend the winter of 1877-78 in Florida. He did
so, but found no relief, and, returning to spend hi.s
last hours with his family, he died May 5, 1878.

As an instructor. Prof. Turner was active and
enthusiastic, interesting in an unusual degree those

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TURNER

11 TC'

TURNKY

cimmiittod to iiis cave, ami so |iroiiipt in iiioctiri!;
ill! Iii.s on^iigeiiiuiita, in dflicial auil private lil'c,
that tlio .sliiiloMls playfully iiaiiicd liiia tlu'ir " tinio-
pioco." A.s an author and writer I'ur proniincMt
litin-ary and reliiiious jourMal;', he was via-y I'avur-
ably known. In 1S75 ho published a valuable lit-
tle treatise on (ho pviueiples oT |uinetuation, in
which lie has based his rules, in (.'very ease, upon
the laws ol i^raMimatieal analysis. He hail in
eoursc of preparation several other Kuuill wmUs on
versifieatiou, on poetry, and ou li^ures of speeeh,
also leetures on general philology, English phi-
lology, French graniuiar, and on English litera-
ture. JIo was also a frenuont contributor to Tlie
Nation and Appldun' s Jiiitriiul, New York, and
to the Atlantic Mnnthlij and the Litcj-ari/ ( I ';;■/(/, of
liostdu.

I'rof. 'I'urner was baptized by the Uev. Dr. Jeter
while still a student at Kichinond College, and he
became a most ellicient and industrious Christian
worker. As deacon, superintendent of the Sunday-
school, leader in the prayer-nu'cting, moderator of
As.soeiational meetings, lecturer before the Minis-
ters', Deacons', and Sunday-School Institute, in
which iie was so often reipiested to discuss doc-
trinal questions and present ctegt^ses of obscure
Biblical passages, he was recognized as the finished
scholar, the learned Bible student, and the de-
voted Christian. Many of the various papers pre-
pared liy him wore considered (d' so ninidi value as
to lie reipiested for publication in paniphlet form
for general circulation.

I'rof. 'I'urner'H second wife was the daughter of
Prof. Cooke, of llollins Institute, a lady of culture,
who shared his labors as instructor in that excel-
lent institution, and who, with three children, sur-
vives him.

Turner, Gov. Thomas, chief magistrate of

Rhode Island, was born in ^\'arren, 11. I., Oct. 24,
18iU. Early in life he engaged in business pur-
suits, becoming a jiiercliant in his native place, ami
meeting with deserved success in his vocation.
After several yeai's of mercantile life, he rotireil
from business, and aceepteil the pre>idency of an
extensive insurance comp;iiiy. lie retained tliis
position during the renniindcr of his life, lie held
various ollices of trust in banking and railroad anil
nninufacturing corporations, and was frequently
chosen to represent his native town in tin.' (ienrral
Assembly of the State. Fi'om 1S.07 to iN.'iH he was
lieuteinint-governor of the State, and the two years
following \ii'. was governor. President Eincoln ap-
piointcd him first collertur of the inteiand revenue
(d' the lirst district (d' Khode Island, 'i'he duties
(jf the many idlices which he held were di->i-harged
with fidelity and without usti^ntation. thiv. Tur-
ner was a. subject of the great revival of I.^.'jY-.SS,
and united with the IJaptist church in ^Varren,

one of the old, liistorie churches of the State. In
all measures tending tu promote the ])rosperit3' of
the demiminatioM he tunk ;i ilci'p inlrrcst. lie was

GOV. tuoma;, ti iisru.

fir some time a member of the board of the Mis-
sionary Union. In I.SG'2 he was chosen a trustee
of Brown University, ami continued in odicc until
his death, which took place at Warren, Jan. 3,
IS75.

Turner, Eev. Wm., Nvas born in Davidson Co.,
N. C, June 'l:',, ISH); baptized by Josiah AVise-
man. May 4, 1S:J4; began to preach in LS40; was
ordained in 1844. His niiuistcri.al laliors .have
been in the counties of Davidson, Davie, Yadkin,
Forsythe, and Guilford, and tliry have been emi-
nently sui;iessful. He has been moderator of the
Lilierty Association for tifteeu years, and pastor
of Jersey church for thirty yeurs. He is still an
active and usi;ful preacher of the gospel.

Turney, Edmund, D.D., "as bom in Easton,

Conn., May (i, ISi(>; wMs educated at Hamilton;
was ]iastor of the South church, Ilartlord, Conn.,
and in Oranville, and of the BroatI Street church
in Utica, N. Y. In 18")() he was appointed Prot'es-
sor of Biblical Criticism in the seminary, Hamil-
ton. From ISfi.'i he was five years prid'essor in Fair-
mount Theological Seminary, O. In l.'^fi'i lie began
the first organizi-il i4r'n-t fir the education of col-
cired teachers and pn;Mclicrs in AS^i.^hiugfou, D..(.'.
No society encouraged him lo comiiHmec! a work
n|)on wdiich the richest bles-ings rested. linw
nobly he toiled in that li(dd, with no assured sup-
port, and siuuctimcs, we fear, with want threat-

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TURPIN

1177

TUSTIN

cning him, tlie writer and a few others know. lie
seiMiied iiisiiired witli the conviction ihut God had
s|ii:cially intrusted tiiis great business to him, and
notliiiiii; could change his impressions of duly. Jle
wouhl have suH'ered martyrdom ^vllile swayed liy
this holy purpose rather than show recreancy to
the will of heaven. Ur. Turney was conscientious
to a fault, lie had genius of a high order, and his
iieart was the throne of Jesus, lie died Sejit. 28,
I STL'.

J>r. Turney published several works on Christian
baptism and three volumes of poetry.

Turpin, Dr. William Henry, aijrominent dea-
ciui of great moral wurth, wliu was, lor many years,
a memlier of the Augusta church, was Ivorn in the
vicinity of Kichmond, Va., in ^larch, 17'JU. At
lilteeu years of age lie removed to .Augusta, Ga.,
and, entering into mercantile business, succeeded in
,'innissing a large i'ortunc. In KSIG he married
Miss Mary Ann D'Antignac, and in 1S24 he was
converted under the jireaching of the elder Brantly,
and made a profession of faith in Christ. He united
with the 15aptist church at Augusta, of which he
remained a most usid'ul and conscientious member
until his death in bsiili, being for nearly forty years
a deacon of thS church.

It may be said of Dr. Turpin that he rendered
the Augusta church more essential service than
any other of its members, nneonni'cteil with the
ministry, since the church was fuunded. ^\'itll his
ample means he was always ready to nnike good
any deticicney in the salaries of the pastors, and
in the other expenses incidental to the maintenaneo
of worship. His business cupueity and excellence
of judgment were of incalculable benetit to the
church; and liis wi,^dom in council, united with his
]Militeness and courtesy of demeanor, and his hu-
mility and peaeedo\ ingdisposition, always e.xereised
a brnelicial infhience in the church conferences
and o\er the meml)ers.

New mem))crs were attrai;tc!d to tiic church by
the simjile hict of his connection with it. His
character as a Christian ami a gentlenmn of the
utmost integrity and honor stood out in such bold
relief that the church itself was beuelited by it in
the eyes of the community.

lie was ready to aid every good cause, ;ind no
application to him for any such cause ever failed
to meet a favorable response. He was one of the
earliest and largest contributors towards Mercer
University, and it was his habitual custom to send
$2()0 to each (jf the boai-ds of the .Southern Baptist
CouventicHi on the lii'st day of every year. His
liouse was the centre of an extensive and generous
liospitality, and Luther Rice used to visit him i!very
yc'ar, and was accustcimcHl to speak of lir. Tin pin's
house as his (jicurgia home.

With much that was calculated to make a nuiu
75

proud, — wealth, position in society, hosts of friends
and admirers, — iJr. Turpiin was utterly unassum-
ing; his humility was most nnaft'ected. But the
crowning excellence and chief glory of his Chris-
tian chaxaeter was his unwavering trust in God.
When grief rent his bosom, — and he had some of
the severest kind, — and when the desolations of war
threatened his home and his fortune, his comfort
was that God was king, and that all things were
Working together for the good of those wdio love
liiiii.

God allowed this bright light to shine f(U' many
years. Ivev. James E. Welch said, " I have been
traveling all over this country constantly for the
past twenty years, and I know multitudes of peo]ilo,
bat 1 have seen but one Wm. II. Turpin." In 1S06
an asthmatic alfection rendered l»r. Turpin more
and more feeble, and it became apparent to himself
and family that he could n(jt rally. I'almly, cheer-
fully, sublimcdy he accepted the situation, and as
the end drew nigh, in full ]>ossession of all his
mental faculties, he sent farewells and benedictions
to the absent, and then resigned himself to the
sleep of the Christian, like one

" Who wiJifiu tliu iimi»L'iy uf hJM cuncli iiltovit linil
And licH liuWIl t(j I'lL'amillt llleallla "

Tustin, Rev. Francis Wayland, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of the Greek Language and Literature
in the university at Lewisburg, I'a., was born on
Philadelphia in 1834. His early education was re-
ceived in the public schools of his native city. In
ISoO lie entered the acailemy at LewiNburg, and
graduated from the university in 18."-i(), with the
highest honors of his class.

In 1857 he was nnule tutiar in the college, being
the first alumnus of the university in its faculty.
In bSGO, there being a vacancy in the department
of Natural Sciences, caused by the accession of
Dr. Loomis to the presidency. Prof. Tustin was
elected to illl the chair. This positiiui he held for
fourteen years, ami in the language of ])r. Loomis,
■' made the department of Natural .Sciences in the
university." Although his principal work in these
years was in his own de]jartment, yet he was
known as a fine classical scholar, and frecptently
assisted Prof. Bliss in the Greek and Latiti classes.
In 1871, his eyesight be<;oming seriously alfectiid
by the chemical fumes of the laboi-atory, he was
obliged to relim(uish the department of Natural
Sciences. At that time, Dr. Bliss having accepted
the chair of Biblical Interpretation in Crozer Theo-
logical .Seminary, and the tru.stces wisliing to re-
tain Prof. Tustin's services, he was elected to the
chair of the Greek Language and Literature, wdiich
position he has since .so wcu'thily tilled. During
the absence of Dr. Loomis in Ihirope for the greater
part of the college year, Prof. Tustin acted as presi-
dent of the university, and presided at the com-

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TUTT

1178

TYREE

iiiencenient of 187'J. His .idiiiiiiistration won the
praise and gratitude of all coiuicctod with tho uni-
versity. In 1879 his fellow-ineuihers of tlio faculty
and tiie curators conferred upon iiini the degree

PROF. FRANCIS W.WLAND TUSTt>J, PH.D.

of Doctor of I'lijlosophy. In 18GG, Ijy a council
called liy tlie Fir.st liaptist ehurcli of Lewi.sljurg,
he was ordained to the ^^ospel inini?-try. In addi-
tion to Ijis other lahors he lias, lor more tlian
twenty years, managed the finances of tlie Baptist
cliurcli, and was largely instrumental in the erec-
tion of their handsome eliureh edifice. During
these 3'ears Prof. Tustin has liad several offers to
other positions, which he has declined. Ills life
has been given to the liuildiiig up of the univer-
sity and the liaptist cause in Lewisburg. Prol'.
Tustin lias great ability and fine sohohirship, and
he has rendered valuable services to the Baptists
<if Pennsylvania.

Tutt, Rev. B. G., was born in Cooper Co., Mo.,
Feb. II, ls:>'J; professed faith in Christ and united
with the church at Iviberty, Mo., while at William
Jewell College, in 1854, and was baptized by Dr.
E. S. Dulin ; attended Westminster College, at
Fulton, Mo., in 1807 ; was ordained to the work
of the gospel ministry in 18C9 ; was called to the
pastorate of the Concord Baptist church in De-
cember, 1800, and continued in that relation until
January, 1870, in the mean time preaching at in-
tervals to Mount Nebo church, in the same county.

The result of fifteen years' labor at Ccjm'cnd was,
first, the gathering of a large and inlluenu.il ineni-
bership ; second, the building up of a lloiirishing

and efifective Sunday-school ; third, tlie erection of
a comfortable and commodious house of worship,
which was dedicated without a dollar's indebted-
ness; fourth, bringing tJie membershi]) into hearty
and intelligent co-operation with the lictievolent en-
terprises of the denomination.

In April, 1870, he was called to the pastorate at
Marshall, Mo., in which field the labors of four
years have develoiied some very encouraging
features.

Twiss, Rev. J. S., settled in Ann Arbor in
1830 ; was from Sennett, N. Y. lie was a preacher
of noted strength and vivacity, and a nmn of thr
highest moral integrity and Christian probity,
lie was intelligent and fearless in the performance
of duty, he hated oppression and everything which
degrades nnin. His righteous and intense senti-
ments often took forms of expression which were
never forgotten. His jiowcrs of debate and his
natural delivery made him noted as a speaker,
while in conversation 'iii\w cared to meet the shar|)-
ncss of his lance. His death occurred in 18.57.

Tyler, Rev. Mausfield, is about fifty-five years

old-, a slave befoie the war ; limited o|iportunities ;
a man of strong natui-al ability, of firm, Christian
character, fi?ie sense, well instructed in the Scrip-
tures, gifted in natural eloquence, held in high
estimation by whites and blacks : a man of great
prudence. He has for several years been president
of the Colored Baptist Convention of Alabama,
and is a good presiding ollicer. He resides at
Lowndesliorough.

Tynes, Rev. W. E., pastor at Canton, Miss., of
which State he is a native, was born in 1848.
After receiving a good academic education lie com-
menced the practice of law; in 1S71 began to
preach, and became pastor at Osyka, Miss. ; thence
at Jackson, La., and Baton Rouge. He returned
to Mississi|ipi in 1876. He was an evangelist in
Southern iMississippi and in Eastern Louisiana
one year ; then two years pastor at Suiiiinit, Miss.
In 1878 he was called to his present field.

Tyree, Cornelius, D.D., was born Sept. 14,
1814, in Amherst Co., A''a. He united with the
Mount Moriah church in 1832, although strcingly-
persuaded by his family and fiiends, all ardent
Metlmdists, to join the Methodist Church. Aftei-
receiving an excellent training in the schools of
the ncighborhond, he was a teacher for two years
near Lynchburg. In the firll of 1837 he was li-
censed to preach by the Lynchburg church, and
sent to AViiliam and Mary College. In the iall of
1838 he entered the Columbian College, and pur-
sued the partial course. In 1839 he was appointed
by the General Association missionary for the
counties of Groenlirier and Monroe, where his
hibors were greatly blessed. He was ordained in
September, 1839, at Amwell church, Fayette Co.

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UNDERWOOD

1179

UNIFORMITY

In the lattei- part of this year ho was ti'iuisfen-ed
tu Ivueklii'idL'e County as missionary. In 184(J, under
his uiinistry, two now churclics wcru urnaiiizud,
ono at Loxin{!;tun an<i onu at Cow I'asturu Uridj^u,
Va., of which churclics ho remained pastor live
years. Here Dr. Tyree baptized Prof. (i. li. Dab-
ncy and many of tlie stu(h'nts of the" Military In-
stitute of Le.xin^tcjn. In 1845 he suceeoded Jlev.
Jesse ^\'^itt as jiastor of the ehurchea in I'owhatan
County, with two of which he remained twenty-
seven years. While with these churches he also
preached extensively within and without the State
as an evangelist, and in the meetings in which he
participated not less than 3000 were liopefully con-
verted. Dr. 'J'yree has been busy with his pen
also, although his pastoral and evangelistic labors
have been so pressing. In IS58, Sheldon it Blake-

man puldi.--lied his '' The Living Epistle," with an
introduction by Dr. 11. Fuller. A number ol his
sermons have been published in the liaplist Preacher
anil in the Rcliijioits Herald. A valuable little
tract on " Baptism and llestricted Communion"
has also been widely circulated. Dr. Tyrco has
also prepared a small work, " Believe and Live,"
and a vcjUime of (juirkcning sermons preached at
protracted meetings, both which he liojics soon to
publisii. Some of these sermons have been greatly
blessed in the conversion of souls. In the spring
of 1872 he removed to Bedford Co., Va., and be-
canie pastor of the Liberty church, one of the most
thriving bodies in the State. Dr. Tyreo has been
eminently successful in his labors. In I8G9 the
Columbian College conferred upon him tlie degree
of D.D.

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n.

Underwood, Rev. Enoch Downs, pastor of

the Baptist church at Waiiwatosa, Wis., and the
oldest settled minister in the State, was born in
Monongahela Co., -Va., in 1817. When a boy of
seven years he came with his father's family to
Vermilion Co., HI., and at nineteen ho removed
again with his fatiier and family to Milwaukee
Co., Wis., where he has since resided. Mr. Under-
wood oljtaini'd a hope in Christ after he reached
manhood, and united with the Baptist Church. In
IMJ he took an active part in forming the Baptist
church in Wauwatosa, uf wliich lie was a constituent
member. This church licensed him to preach, and
in 1849 called him to the pastorate and ordained
him to the work of the ministry.

jMr. Underwood has never been connected with
any other church either as member or minister. His
pastorate has Ijcen continued for thirty-one years.
lie is finely balanced intellectually and spiritually,
and it wonhl be dillicult to determine to wliiidi ho
is most indebted fur his ]io\ver as preacher, bis at-
tainments or his natural abilities. lie has achieved
the rare art (d' making the most of each. He de-
livers his messages to his llock in the plain and
easily nnderstood language of the people, but with
great analytical power ami logical force. His hear-
ers arc always sure to have the gospel ]iurely, sim-
ply, and strongly declared to them. He preaches
Jesus. By his gentle and kind sjiirit, breathing
in all his utterances the peace and love of the gos-
pel, he has won the confidence and allcction of the

ministers and churches of the State. He has fre-
(piently been called to ]iresiile over the Association
of which he is a member, and for many years has
been a trusted member of the board of the Cun-
ventiun.

Underwood, Rev. John Levi, as a preacher, is

clear, animated, bold, earnest, and tender, show-
ing much independence and freshness of thought.
As a pastor, he is faithful, laborious, and sym-
]iathetic, making himself beloved by his people.
As a man, he is friendly and warm-hearted. lie
was born in Alabama, March 27, 1836, of Pres-
byterian parents ; graduated at Oglethorpe Uni-
versity, Ga., in 1857, with the highest honors of
his class ; was converted and joined the church in
1857 ; studied theology two years at the Colum-
bia, S. C, Theological Seminary ; studied one
year at Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany ; spent
eight months at Paris, Franco, then came home and
joined the Confederate arjiiy as a private, after
being ordained to the ministry. He became a
chaplain in I8(J2, but resigned on account of bad
health in 1863. Since tlie war he has been teach-
ing, preaching, and farming, lie has a jdeasant
home near Camilla, (Ja. He has had charge of the
churches at Bainbridgi; and Cutlibcrt, (la., but now
serves the church at ('amilia, and also those at
Evergreen and Cairo, in the same neighborhood.

Uniformity, Act of. — When Charles II. was
restored to the throne of England the National
Chureli had few Episcopal clergymen worshiping

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UNIFORMITY

■^IIRO

UNION

at her altars. Moru tliaii 7000 of lier winisters
liiiil taken tliu Soluiiin Loagiiu and Coveniint. Tho
I'onii.s ol' wursliip diU'creJ uonsiiltsralily. IjuI after
tlie ]{ostoratiiai tin: tyrannical muu who ruled
Clnireh and State were determined to drive from
the Anjiliean EslaljIiahmeiU every man who woiihl
nut ciinlorm to extreme I'lpiseopalianism.

'I'he Aot of UinlDrniity, wliii'h received the royal
assent April JU, IliOli, re(|uired all clergymen to
jjrol'ess before their congregations " their unfeigned
assent and ronsent to the nse of all things in the
liouk of Comiiion I'rayr, and preserihi;d l;y it,
ami to the lijiNi ur manner of making, ordaining,
and consecrating hislmps, priests, and deacons.'"

All persons " holding any o/lice in any way con-
nected with the church," ami every teacher of a
pnhlic or jirivate school, and all tutors in private
families were re(|uired to make a declaration that
'"it was not lawful on any pretense whatsoever to
take arms against the king," and that they "will
conlbrm to the liturgy of the (!hnreh of Kngland."

They were also compelled to declare that the oath
to maintain tlie Solenin Leagne and Covenant was
a nullity, and that it Vi'as "imposed upon the sub-
jects of this realm against the known laws and
libei'ties of this kingdom."

This law was one of the most unrighteous oiuiot-
ments that ever disgraced the statute books of any
civilized nati'in. In it the king Lind liis Parliament
wickedly violated the nuist sacred engagements
ever made by uuui. The principal sutfcrers under
this infamous act were the Presljyteriana, who had
I'oolishly placed the king upon the throne. The
law was expressly contrived to ruin all Noncon-
f(jrmist clergymen and their families.

On the "4lh of August, 1062, the act went into
effect. That was a time of lierce trial to thousands
i)f godly ministers and teachers, and to nniny thou-
sands of their wives and children. The number
of ministers who i'orsouk their ecclesiastical resi-
dences ami church edilices on the day of royal,
and of Episcopal vengeance, has been estimated at
from 20l)(J to 25u0.

These thousands of pastors going forth fi'om
their liom<:s, sacred to them by many precicjus as-
sociations, surrounded by their wives and children,
and in not a few instances by their aged parents,
with nothing before; them but hunger, and rags,
and persecution, exhibited to the eye of Jehovah
the nujst pitiable, and at the same time the most
glorious scene upon which its lightning glances had
ever fallen. 'J'ln-y could not be hy|]oerites, for they
loved the God of truth, and they and theirs must
become living sacrilices. There were Baptist min-
isters among these saintly men, though jiin.^t of
onr brethren had previously been removed, llmry
.Jessey, .\.M., was ejected from .St. (jeoi-:.'e's, .South-
wark; Francis liam|ilield, M..\.., from .Sherborne,

in Dorsetshire ; Thomas Jennings, from IJrimslield,
in (Jloncestershire ; i'aul I'rewen, from Kempley,
in the same county; Jushua Head, the place of
ejectment uncertain ; .lohn Tombes, \i.\)., (V(uu
Leominster, in Herefordshire; Daniel Dyke, W.A.,
from Kadham, in Hertfordshire; Uichard Adams,
from Ifumberstone, in Leicestershire; Jeremiah
Jlarsden, from Ardcsly, in York.shire; Thonnis
ILirdcastle, from liramham, in Yorkshire; liobert
Browne, from Whitelady Aston, in AVorcestershire ;
Gabriel Camell'ord, frijm Stavely Chapel in West-
moreland ; John k'kinner, from Weston, in llere-

ibrdshire ; ]5aker, IV(jm Folkestone, in Kent;

John Gosnold, of the Charter House and Pembroke
Hall, Cambridge ; -Thomas (Juarrel, from a place in
Shropshire ; Thomas Ewius, from St. Evens' church,
Bristol ; Lawrence \Visi;, from Chatham Dock,
Kent; John Donne, from Pertenhall, in liedlbrd-
sliire ; Paul Dobson, from the chaplaincy of the
college, Buckinghamshire ; John (lihbs, frcnn New-
]iOrt Pagneli ; John Smith, from W'anlip, Leices-
tershire ; Thomas Ellis, IVom Loiihani, Norfolk ;
Thomas Paxford, (Vom t'lapton, Gloucestershire;
Ichabod Chauncy, .^LD., chaplain to Sir Edward
Jlarley"s regiment; Thomas llorrexe, from i\Lil-
don, in Essex; .Mr. Woddward, from Southwood ;
E. Stennett, from Wallinglbrd ; B. Cox and about
thirteen others were ejected in Wales. Those men,
with the ardent love wdiieh flamed in the hearts of
martyrs, gave np their all for Christ. The National
Church merely gave them a preaching-house, a
place in whiuh they were chaplains. They liad
churches, — living, godly communities of which they
were jiastors, entirely distinct from the parish
churches in which they ])reached.

Union, The Baptist, of Canada. — After much
preliminary discus-ion, tliis society was formed at
the twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Baptist
Home Missionary Convention of Ontario, by the
joint action of that body and the Convention East,
the latter being represented by an inlluential dele-
gation. An aot incorporating the Union was passed
during the ensuing session of the I>ominion Parlia-
ment, and, according to the ternjs of the act, the
first annual nu:eting was lield, in October, 1880, in
the Jarvis Street church, 'Foronto. 'J'his society
seeks to unite within itself, as far as ])raeticable,
the whole Baptist body of Canada, for the more
successful promotion of all denominational interests
and enterprises. At present (1881), however, it
only embraces the churches of Ontario and Quebec.
Its membership consists of all pastors, all ministers
engaged in other departments of denominational
work, all persons paying $30 at one time to its
funds (life members), and dcdegates from the
(dinrchi's, appointed accm-ding to the nunu'rical
standing of the liodicis they represent. The Union
elects the following boards'. Home iMissitms West,

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UNION

1181

UNITKD STA TJ'JS

Home Missions K;ist, Foreign Missions, Miinitoba
and Noi'tiiwest Missions, (Inuulo Ligne IMission,
trnsteos of tlie f!iiiiadian Lilei'tiry Institnte, Supcr-
iuinuali'd Miiiisfei's' ami Cliui'eli Iviiiice Fumls.
I'lio societies Ijy wliieli these Ijoards wen; roniiei-ly
elected liaviiif^ Miei-;^e{l their existence into tliat of
the Union, so I'ar as existinjj; lejijisiatlon will admit,
lu'ieF sketelies ol" sueli of tlio jirineiiial ones ii.s are
not noted elsewhere will lie in |)la<'e here.

R(j(jiilar Uaptist Home Missioudri/ C'onrenlioii of
Ontario. — 'J'his society may be regarded as the
parent of most of the others, and for many years
it was the only f|;i^neral denominational tiri;;ani/a-
tion in Western Canada. It was formeil, in IS.'il,
in an (jld l'resl)Vti'rian meetiii_i;-h(Hise in the city
of ilamiltoii. There appears to he no yiublished
record of its work dtirinu the lir.st four years of its
existence; bnt from l.S5o to the formation of the
Baptist Union it has been ascertained that over .')00t)
persons were bapti/.ed hy the missionaries, l'-!0
churches organized, and more than IHO jdaees of
worship erected, many of them in important towns
and centres. During this period the amount ap-
propi'iated by the (Jonventlon towards the .support
of niissiimary pastoi's and other laborers on mission
fields exceeds !?I00, 01 II). The great advance made
by the deiiominatiou in tlu; province of Ontario
since 1851 is undoubtedly due in a large measure
to the instrumentalities employed by this society.
Tlie loUowing Associations are included within its
boundaries: Western, Middlesex and Lanibtoii,
Elgin, Grand - lliver, 15rant, .Midland-Counties,
Huron, Niagara, Toronto, Kast Ontario, and Am-
lierstl)urg, containing in all about 300 churelies
and '2'2.000 members.

Vaiiada Jlitplist Home Missionnri/ Convention.,
East. — The territorial area of this Convention con-
sists of the jirovinee of Queln^c and the portion
of Ontario lying cast of Kingston, thus emljracing
3 Associations, — Central Canada, Ottawa, and
Danville, — 64 cliurclies, and nearly 4S00 memljers.
It was formed April 2S, ISoS, in the St. Helen
Street Baptist ciiurch, Montreal, at a meeting spe-
cially Convened for the purpose by a committee of
brethren belonging to timt church. There were
present ten ministers and delegates frtnii fourteen
churches, who were entirely unanimous as to the
expediency of (U'ganizing for home mission work.
Tlie subsequent history of the society has demon-
strated the wisdom of its foundcr.s, and exliibited,
in a striking manner, the faith and liberality of its
handful of supporters. Up to the time of its adil-
iation with the Uaptist Union !i'33,0()l) had been
paid out in .support of missioiuiries and in aid of
weak churches, and umch good accom|ilished among
tlie small I'roleslant population of this section (d'
Canada.

Baptist Fvieiijn Missiunaiij Socictij of Ontario

and Quebec. — In the year I.S58, at the annual
meeting of the Convention West, the question was
raised, "Ought Canadian Bajitists, as such, to
have a Foreign Missionary Society, or ought they
to co-opcrato with existing organizations?" Its
fuller c(uisid<-ralion was did'errcd to the following
y(!ar ; but lor some reason the disiaissicju was not
then resunii'd, and the subject remained in abey-
ance. Some years afterwards a striing desire to be
employed in the foreign field was ex]iressed liy one
of tlie senior theological students of the Canadian
Literary Institute. 'I'his led to an earnest recon-
sideration of the wlude matter, and in October,
1806, at the fifteenth annual meeting of the Home
Missionary Convention, held in Beamsville, Ontario,
the Fiu'iMgn Jlissionary Society was organized, as
an auxiliary to the American l)a|itist Missionary
Union. The first missionary sent out was the Rev.
A. V. Timpany, the student to whom reference is
made above. He was designated in October, 1807,
and a|ipointed to the Teloogoo field in the Madras
presidency, British India. Two years afterward,?
ho was followed by Uev. John ^IcLaurin. In 1874
a chain of providential cin-umstanees led to the
formation of an independent Canadian Teloogoo
mission in the city of Oocanada, 20ii miles north
of Ongole. \ eouimenci'ineiit had been already
made in Cocanada by the live years' faithful toil of
'I'homas Oaliricl, a well-educated and zealous na-
tive, who had gone to this populous heathen city
on ills own responsihility. Under his labors a
eliurch of 150 members had been gathered, several
native preachers raised up, and a few native schools
established. At his urgent request the Baptists
of Canada, with the approbation of the American
Baptist Missionary Union, sent Jlr. McLaurin to
this inviting field, and assumed tlie entire control
of the movement. Subsequently, Mr. Timpany
also withdrew from the service of the Union, and
went to Cocanada under the direction of the Cana-
dian society. The infant mission was reinforced
by Rev. George F. Currie, B.A., in 1870, and by
Rev. John Craig, B.A., in 1877. .Mr. Currie is sta-
tioned at Tuiii, and Mr. Craig at Akidu.

United States, The Constitution of; Aid
given by the Baptists in its Adoption.— It is

a matter of surprise to-day that the wisdom of tliis
instrument was ever doubted, or that it should have
Ijeen opposed by any number of intelligent and
patriotic men. The two great States that sup-
ported the Revolution, Virginia and Massachu-
setts, were equally divided about the Constitution,
and some of the best men in these powerful centres
of political life I'cg.irdeil it with unmixed alarm,
and resisted it with all their inllueiice and elo-
(luence.

In ^Massachusetts, the convention called to ratify
the Constitution assembled on the 'Jth of January,

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UNITED STATES

1182

UNITED STATES

nSS. It was composed of iioiirly four hundruj
iiieuibei'H. It poHso.Hsed iimcli of tlie intellect uikI
patriotisiii of tlio State. Tlie debutes lasted for a
:nontli, and the contest wa.s carried on with <^reat
earnestness. "The proliibition of i-ctijrioiis tests
in the Constitution made it many enemies in .Mas-
sachusetts."* The entire Uniteit .States took the
deepest interest in the deliljerations. It was uni-
versally felt, as I'r. .^lanninj^ expressed it, that
" iMassaehusetts was the hinge on which the whole
must turn," and that if she rejected the (Jonstitu-
tion it would he discarded in the other States. The
Baptists held the balance of power in the eonven-
tion, and in Massachusetts they were j^enerally
opposed to the Constitution. The Baptist delej^ates
wore chielly ministers, who had the highest regard
for Dr. Manning. And he, fiilly convinced that
notiiing but the new Constitution ould save the
country from anarchy, spent two weeks in attend-
ance upon the convention, and he and Dr. Stillman
exerted themselves to the ntmost to persuade their
brethren to support tlu^ Constitution. With tin;
llcv. Isaac Hackns, the fearless friend of the Bap-
tist cause and of liberty id' conscience, they set
out, and they met witli success in several oases,
and the t'onstitution was adiipte<l l)y a majority
of nineteen votes. There were 1S7 yeas and 108
nays on the last day of the session, and before
" the final question was taken. Gov. Hancock, the
president, invited Dr. Manning to close the solemn
convocation with thanksgiving and prayer." Dr.
Manning addressed the Deity in a spirit glowing
with devotion, and with such lofty [latriotism tliat
every heart was filled with reverence for God and
admiration for his servant. And such an effect
was produced \)y this |>rayer that, hud it not been
for the ■' popularity of Dr. Stillman, the rich men
of Boston would have built a ciiurch for Di'. Man-
ning."! There is a strong jirohability that the
Baptists of the convention would have turned
from Isaac Backus, and changed the insiguiHcant
majority into a small minority, if it had not been
for Manning and Stillman.

In Virginia the opposition to the Constitution
was led by more popular men ; but the parties,
otherwise, were about equal in strength. The
convention met in llichmond, in June, 17SS. The
most illustrious men in the State were in it.
i'atrick Henry spoke against the Constitution with
a vehemence never surpassed by himself on any
occasion in his whole life, and with a pjowcr that
was sometimes overwhelming. Once, while this
nuitcdiless orat.>r was addressing the convention, a
will! storm broke over Kiciiiuond ; the heavens
were ablaze with lightning, the thunder roared,
and the rain came down in torrents ; at this

• Bnckns's Biiptist Church History, vol. ii. p. 335. Nowton.
+ iMaiiiiiny luul llniwii Univurbity, pp. Ul3, lUl. Bubtuii, 1S(;4.

moment Henry seemed to see the anger of heaven
threatening the State if it should consummate the
guilty act of adopting the Constituticin, and he in-
voked celestial witnesses to view and couipassiomite
his distracted country in this grand crisis cjf her
history. And such was the effect of his speech on
this occasion that the convention immediately dis-
persed.t The convention, when the limil vote on
ratilication was taken, only gave a nuijority of ten
in favor of the Constitution. Kighty-nine cast
their votes for it, and seventy-nine against it.^

James Madison possessed the greatest influence
of an}' man in the convention ; had be not been
there Patrick Henry would have carried his oppo-
sition triumphantly ; and JMadison was there by
the generosity of John Lehind, the well-known
and eccentric iSaptist minister. Madison remained
in Pliiladelphia tliree months with John Jay and
Alexander Hamilton, preparing the articles which
now nnike up The Fcilcralist ; this ])ermittcd
Hi.'nry and others to sc:cure the jiublic attention
iii Vii-ginia, ami, in a large measure, the public
heart. Henry's assertion that the new Constitution
''squinted towards moinirchy" was eagerly heard
and credited by many of the iiest friends of free-
dom ; anil when .M.idison came home he found Le-
land a candidate for the county of Ui'ange, the con-
stituency which he wished to represent, with every
prospect of success, fur Orange was chiefly a Baptist
county. j\Ir. Madison spent half a day with John
Lelanil, and the result of tliis intervii-w was that
Leland withdrew ami exerted his whole influence
in favor of Madison, who was elected to the con-
vention, and, after sharing in its fierce debates, he
was just able to save the Constitution of the United
States.

In a eulogy pronounced on James Madison
by J. S. Barbrmr, uf Virginia, in 1857, he said
■' That the credit of adopting the Constitution of
the United States properly belonged to a Baptist
clergyman, formerly of Virginia, named Leland.
If," said he, " .Madison had not been in the Vir-
ginia convention the Constitution would not have
been ratified, and, as the approval of nine States
was necessary to give effect to this instrument, and
as Virginia was the ninth State, if it had been re-
jected by her the Constitution would have failed
(the rcnmining States fidlowing her example), and
it was through Klder Leland's influence that Madi-
son was elected to that convention. "|| It is unques-
tionable that .Mr. .M.idison was elected through
the efforts and resignation of John Leliiml, iind it
is all but certain that that act gave our country its
famous Constitution.

X llowlson'3 History of Virgiiwu, ii. 32C, 327, 332,
g Ilowe'a Vli'yiiiia illNtoriciiI t'ullLctiuiia, p. l'J4. Chark-ston,
1840.

II Si>ragiiti'd .\iiii!ild uf tliy Aincricuii liuptibt I'lilpit, p. 179.

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UNIT/'] I) STATKS

1183

UNITED STATKS

United States, The Religious Amendment

of the Constitution of.— 'I'lm tii'-'t lUnemlTueiit to
tlie Uniteil States Constitution was adoptoii in 17S9,
tlie year it went into operation. It reads, " Con-
i^ress shall make no law respecting an establisli-
iiient of relij;ion, or proliil)itiiij!; tlie free exercise
thereof; or aljrid^'ini; tlio frccdoni-of speech or of
the press ; or tlie ri;i;ht of the ptjople peaceably to
assemlile, and to petition tlie i!;overnnient for a re-
dress of grievances." The tirst clause of this
aiiiendiiieut occupies properly its prominent place
ill that addition to the Constitution. Freedom of
conscience was in legal bond.ige in \~S'J, and its
friends had too much cause to be alarmed for its
safety.

Had the amendment not been adopted, Massachu-
setts might have had her State ehurcli to-day, and
her citizens rotting in prison bi^cause they could
not conscientiously pay acliurch-tax ; and any State
might have establi.-shi'd the episcopal Church and
then coiiunitted ]?a])tists or other ministers to
prison, as Virginia did down to the Ilevoluiion.
And Congress might have decreed that the Catho-
lic Church was the religious fold of the nation,
and might have levied taxes to support her clergy,
and made laws to give secular power to her car-
dinals, archbishops, bishops, and priests over our
schools, religious opinions, and personal freedom.
"With the amendment we have been educated to
practise universal religious freedom ; without it,
sacerdotal tyranny might have destroyed all our
liberty. The grandest feature of our Constitution
is the first clause of the first amendment. The
Baptists have justly clainied that the credit for
this amendment belongs chielly to them. It is in
strict accordance with their time-honored maxim,
" The majiu" part shall rule in civil tilings only."

Where else could it have come from V In the
Revolution, and for a few years after, there were
two great centres of political influence in our
country, around which the other States moved with
more or less interest, — Massachusetts and Virginia.
Freedom of conscience could not come from Mas-
sachusetts ; she was wedded to a State religion in
nH'J, which dclied any divorcing agency to create
a separation. Just ten years before, she adopted
her new constitution with an article in it giving
legal support to Cimgregational ministers, as in
good old Puritan times. And this tie only ]ier-
islied in 1H34.* ^V'riting to lienjaiuin Kent, John
Ailaiiis says, '" I am for the nuist liberal toleration
of all denominations, hut I hope Congress will
never meddle with religion further than to say
tlH;ir own jirayers. . . . Let every coluinj hare Us
own religion without tnohstatioii,."j That is, from

Congress; he wished every colony to have its own
culahlishcd church without molestation, if it desired
such an institution, lie unjustly charged Israel
I'embertOM, a (Juaker, whom, with the Baptists and
other Friends, the Massachusetts delegates met dur-
ing the session of the first Continental Congress,
with an ell'ort to destroy the union and lahfu-s of
Congress, because he pled for the rtdease of Bap-
tists and Quakers imprisoned in Massachusetts for
not paying the ministers' tax, and fiu' the repeal of
their oppressive laws. And John Adams actuallv
argued that it was against the consciences of the
people of his State to make any change in thidr
laws about religion, even though others might have
to sullcr in their estates or in their personal free-
dom to satisfy Mr. Adams and his conscientious
friends. And he declared that they might as well
think they C(iuld change the iiiovements of the
heavenly bodies as alter the religious laws of Mas-
sacliusetts.J This was the spirit of New England
when the first amendment was proposed, except in
Rhode Island, and an^ong the Baptists, and the
little community of Quakers outside of it. Thomas
Jellerson, writing to Dr. Kush, says, " There was
a hope conliileiitly cherished about a.d. ISOO, that
there might be a State church throughout the
United States, and this expectation was specially
cherished by Kpisco|)alians and Congregational-
ists."§ This was the sentiment of not a few
New England Pedobaptists, and the hope of the
remains of the Episcopal Church in the South.
Massachusetts and her allies had no love for the
first amendment, and, accm-ding to Backus, Massa-
chusetts did not adopt it.||

It came from Virginia, and chielly from Baptists
of the Old Dominion. The " mother of Presi-
dents" was the mother of the glorious amend-
ment. In 1776 the first reimblican Legislature
of Virginia convened, and after a violent contest,
daily renewed, from the 11th of October to the 5th
of December, the arts of I'tn limneut were repealed
which rendered any form of worship criminal.
Dissentiu's were exempted from all taxes to support
the clergy, and the laws were sitspcndcd which
compelled Episcofialians to support their own
church. But it was the pressure of Dissenters
without that forced this legislation on the Assem-
bly, for a majority of the members were Ejtisco-
palians.^y While this act relieved Baptists, the uii-
repoaleil comnion law still punished with dismissal
from all offices lor the first ofl'ense, those who de-
nied the Divine oxistenee, or the 'frinity, or the
truth of Christianity ; and lor the second, the

* Dackus's Cliiirch Ilibtory, p. 197. rhilnJelpliia.
f Lifn luid Worka of Julm Adams, hy Clmrtus FiiiiieiM Adunw,
vol. ix. p. 402.

t Iliid., vol. ii. p. 899.

g Rlcmoiia, CurreapoiulL-nci!, etc., vol. iii. p. 341. ClmrlottL'aTiUe,
IS'J'J.

(I IJuckim's Ctoiich llidtuiy, vol. ii. \i. 341. Ntjwtou.
11 Iliid., vol. i. p. 32.

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UNITED STATES

11S4

UNITED STATES

trarisgrossor .slmiilJ be rendoi'L'J inuapable of suing
ur of actiiij^ as guardian, administrator, or execu-
tor, or (if I'eceiviiig a legacy, and, in addition,
sliould be iin|ii'is(jried for tiiree years.* Tbese
peraecuting laws were not repealed till lT>So. The
titho law, after lieing agitated frequently in every
session, and annually suspended, was repealed in
177'J. Tlie I'resbyteriaiis and Uaptists were tbe
outside powers that swept away the State church
of Virginia.

After tithes ceased to bo collected, a scheme,
known as the " assessment,'' was extensively dis-
cussed in Virginia by K|uscopaIian3 and others.
The assessment required every citizen to pay tithes
to support his minister, no matter what his creed.
The Episcopalians warmly advocated the assess-
ment. The united eh.'rgy of the Presl)yterian
Chureli petitioned for it,t thirugh many of their
people dislikeil and denounced it. Patrick Henry
aided it with all the power of his eloquence.]:
Kichard Henry Lee, the most polished orator in
the country, John JIarshall, the future chief jus-
tice of the United .States, and (Jeorgc Washington
himself advocated it.^ The Baptists directed their
■whole forces' against it, and poured petitions into the
Legislature for its rejection.

After expending every effort, the friends of the
assessment were defeated, and it was finally re-
jected in 1785, and all the laws punishing opinions
repealed. This was a work of great magnitude.
The Episcopalians, the Methodists, the Presbyte-
rian clergy, and the eloquence aiid inlluence of
some of the greatest nn^n the United States ever
had, or will have, were overcjmc by the Baptists,
and Jell'erson and Madison, their two noble allies,
and some Presbyterian and other laymen. Semple
truly saj's, "The inhibition of the general assess-
ment may, in a considerable degree, be ascribed to
the opposition made to it by the Baptists. They
were the only sect which ))lainly remonstrated
against it. Of some others it is said that the laity
and ministry were at variance upon the subject, so
as to paralyze their exertions fur or against the
bill."||

A'or need any one dream that Jefferson and
Madison could have carried this measure by their
genius and intluence. They were opposed by
many men whose transcendent services, or un-
equaled oratory, or wealth, position, financial in-
terests, or intense prejudices, would have enabled
them easily to resist their unsupported assaults.
Like a couple of first-class engineers on a " tender,''

* JelTtirsun'a Notes on the State ufVirginia, p. 169. Kidmioiiil,
. 18.-i5.

t Rives'B Life an.l Time's of Jarniia IMutiisuii, vul. r, pp. f.ol, i;oj.
t Wirt's Lifu of I'.Uriik Ilcnty, p. 2C:i. Iluilforil.
g HivL's's Ivifo anil 'I'imoa of Junius Miiilisuii, yol. i. pp. fjnl, OU'.;,
II Siiiipli''s History of tlio Viigiliiu liiiplialH, pp. 72, 7:i.

with a train attached, but no locomotive, would
Jefferson and Jladison have appoitred without the
Baptists. They furnished the locomotive for these
skillful engineers, wliicli drew the train of religions
liberty through every |iersecuting enactment in the
jienal code of Virginia.

In 17'.H), just one year after the adoption of the
amendment. Dr. JSamuel ,)iines, of Pennsylvania,
states tlutt there were 202 Baptist churches in
Virginia. 1[ Semple, the historian of the Virginia
Baptists, says that, in 1702, "The Baptists had
members of great weight in civil society ; their
congregations became more numci'ous than those
of any other Christian sect."** The Baptists otit-
uumbcred all tlie denominations in Virginia, in all
probability, in 17.S'J, and they far surpassed them
in the burning enthusiasm which persecution en-
genders, and to them chiclly was Virginia in-
debted for her complete deliverance from perse-
cuting enactments.

In 17S9, a few months after AVashington became
President, " The Committee of the United Baptist
Churches of Virginia'' presented him an address,
written by John Lcland, marked by felicity of ex-
pression iind great ailmiration for Washington, in
which they infiu-med him that their religious rights
were not protected by the new Constitution. The
President replied that he would never have signed
that instrument had he supposed that it endangered
the religious liberty of any denomination, and if he
could imagine even now that the government could
be so administered as to render freedom of worship
insecure for any religious society, he would imme-
diately take steps to erect barriers against the
horrors of spiritual tyranny. ff Large numbers
were anxious about the new C'onstitution, and it
had many open enemies. The Baptists who pre-
sented this address cuiitrolled ike f/oveniment of
Virijiiiia, and Iheij xvert the warmest J'riends of lib-
erty ill America. They would suffer anything for
their principles, anil, as they suspect the new Con-
stitution, it must be amended to embrace their soul
liberty and secure their hi.'arty support. A few
weeks later, James Madison, the special friend of
Washington, who aided him live months before in
composing his first inaugural ixddress to Congress, J;J
rises in the House of Uepresentatives and pro-
poses the religious itmendinent demanded by the
Baptists, with other emendations, and declares
that "a great number of their constituents were
dissatisfied with the Constitution, iimong whom
were nniny respectable for their talents and their
ptttriotism, and rcsjieciable fur the jeiduusij which

^ Miiiutea of Pliiludelpliia Bu[iti8t Associtition, p. 459.
»* llialnrj of tlio Virginia Uiiplisla, p. 'M.

tt Wiiliiit;a of tteor^o WitaIiint;Ion, I>y Sparks, vol. xll. pp. l.'>4,
I,'-..'., lioslou.

tt Itiu-s's l.lfu Ulid Times of Jalitea Mailiaon, \ol. til. p. 0-i.

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urn AM

1185

USTICK

ikcy fuel for l/icir tilteiiif (rcli.uioiis). 'I'liis laii-
giiaj^c applies to liis Virginia lia|)tist friends aiul
their eu-i'eli^^ionists ovei' tlie land. He presses liis
selienie amidst violent oiipositiun, and Congress
passes it. Two-tliii-ds of the State Legislatures ap-
prove of it, and it becomes a Ji.art of the Consti-
tution.*

JJeadiMinationally, no eoininiiiiity asked for this
elninge iu'the Constitution but the Kaptists. 'I'hi:
Quakers would no d<jubt have jietitioned for it il'
tliey had thought of it, but they did not. John
Adams and the Congregationalists did not desire
it; the K]iis^-opalians did not wish for it. It went
too far for most I'resliyterians in llevoUuionary
times, or in our own diiys, when we hear so mueh
especially from them, about putting the divine
name in the (.'onstitution. The 15aptists asked it
through AV'a>hington. The request eoniini;nded
itself to iiis juilgnient and to the generous soul of
JIadison, and to the IJaptists, beyond a doubt, bo-
longs the glory of engrafting its best enactment on
the noblest Constitution ever framed for the gov-
ernment of mankind.

Upham, James, D.D., was born in Salem,
Mass., Jan. '!,'>, JMIj. He was a graduate of
Waterville College in the elas.? of 1S35, and studied
at the Newton Theological Institution, 1S37-39. He
was ordained at Thomaston, Me., in ^^ngust, 1840,
and was professor in tlie theological institute which
had a brief existence in that place. On leaving
Thomaston he became |iast(U' of the church in
Manchester, N. II., and subsequently pastor of the
church in Milllmry, from which [ilaco he was called
to a professorship in the New Hampshire Literary
Institute. His connection with this institution
continued fifteen years, I84i)-bl, when he was ap-
jiointed president. In IcSGG lie retired from this
position, and became one of the editors of the
}i'(i/r/iiiian and I'ejiciior. He held this ofEce for
several years with distinguished ability. Recently
he has accepted a position on the editorial staff of
the Jiic/imond Herald, publislied in Uichmond, Va.

The degree of l)oet(U- of Divinity was conferred
on Dr. Upham by Colby University in IHbO.

Upham, Eev. William D., was born in

Wcallier.-lield, Vt., Feb. lU, ISKJ. He early indi-
cated the bent of his mind, and showed that if his
tastes could be gratified he would devote his life to
the pursuit of knowledge. Having reached tlie
age of eighteen, he decided to fit himself to enter
the profession ol' law. His [ireparatory studies,
which lie pursued at Chester, Vt., and at iMiddle-
))Orougli,Mass., being cimipletcd, he entered l5rown
University in the fall of IS.ll. He was inclined to
adopt infidel sentimi'nts, and with the imniatniity
and self-eouceit of youth, lie was disposed to treat

* liivos's Lifi' nnd Times uf Juiiita Mailisun, vul. iii. p. 30.

very lightly the claims of religion. During tho
winter of 1.S3I-32, while engaged in teaching in
the village of Dcdiiam, Mass., his uttentioii was
called by the Spirit of llod to his own condition.
Before the light of truth his skepticism vanished,
and he yielded his heart to the Saviour, in wlmm
heretofore he had seen no charms. When he re-
turned to his college duties be was a changc^d num.
Having connected liiniself with the First, Liaptist
church in l'rovi<lence, he received theirapprobation
of his wish in due time to enter upon the work of
the Christian ministry. Unaljle for want of funds
to continue bis studies at the university, he took
charge of a school in the village of A\'ickford, It. I.,
where he renuiinod three years. It was in conse-
quence of his elforts and sacrifices that there waa
formed in that place n liaptist church, which now
numljcrs not far from 15l) memliers. Mr. Upham
removed to Ludlow, Vt., in Decemlier, 18315, and
for two years was principal of the Black Kiver
jVcademy. He was ordained to the work of the
ministry in November, 1S37, preaching as oppor-
tunity in-esented while carrying on his work as a
teacher. In December, 1S38, he accepted a call to
the pastorate of the Second Baptist church in
Townshcnd, Vt., and served this church between
four and five years, when he closed his life, dying
Juno 30, 1843, at the early age of thirty-three
years. "' Ili.s death was much lamented by the
ministers and churches in Vermont, among whom
his pietj', talents, and wisdom had secured him a
measure of esteem and confidence possessed by
very few at so early an age."

Ustick, Rev. Thomas, was bom in New York,
Aug. 3U, IToj. AV'hcn about fourteen he was con-
verted. He was baptized by the Rev. John Gano.
Soon after he felt calleil to jireach the gospel, and
he began to prejjare himself for this blessed work.
He graduated at Rhode Island College (now Brown
University) in 1771. He was ordained to the min-
istry in Ashford, Conn., in 1777. He became pas-
tor of the First Baptist church of Philadelphia in
1782. In that city his laljors were greatly blessed,
and his memory is still treasured up as a [irecious
legacy by the children of those whom he led to the
Saviour.

Mr. Ustick was nn earnest advocate of deep re-
pentance as a prerequisite to the enjoyment of the
peace of God, and of a salvation gathering nothing
from human feelings or reforms, but coming wholly
from the Saviour's merits. Tho Saviour has had
few servants more competent or more faithful, lb;
died in Burlington, N . •)., in lNO;i.

Ustick, Deacon Thomas Watts, was born in
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 122, 1801. His |jareutB re-
moved to Virginia in ISOG, where with an uncle,
John Ustick, Tlionuis leanu'd printing. He after-
wards lived in WashioL'ton and Chicagc, and in

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VAIL

1186

VAN HORN

both places was known as a publisher and printer.
In 1S3'J lie came to St. Louis, wliere he died Aug,
13, 18()G. He was converted wlieu ten years of
nge in Virginia, and liapti/.ed liy Tiionias Cally.
From a lioy Deacon Ustick was intelligent, affec-
tionate, and faithful, lie was made a deacon
of the Second Baptist church of St. Louis, and of
the Third eliurch, of which he was a constituent
nieniher. The 'I'liinl church greatly mourned his
death. lie, with Deacons John liarnhurst, P. J.

Thompson, and R. CanipljoU, formed a noble band
in tlio Third church. His friends admired and
trusted liini. Mild but firm, and governed l)y prin-
ciple, when suddenly calh-d to <lie, he said, " 1 am
glad I have no preparation to make." lie left a
rich legacy to his children in a name untarnished,
and an inllucnce which will ever live, like that of
his grandfather, Thomas IJslick, who was pastor
of the First liaptist church of riiiladelphia for
twenty-one years.

V.

Vail, Rev. A. L., was bom in La Grange,
Texas, Jlay 14, 1S14. lie continued to reside
there and in that vicinity till the spring of 1S62,
wlien he went to Mexico. In August, 1803, ho
shipped on the schooner " Matamoi-as," from the
port of the same name, for New York.

Although converted in Texa.s, he made no public
profession of religion until 1864, when he united
with the First Baptist churcli in Plainlleld, N. J.
Having studied in Connecticut until the close of
1864, he removed to Michigan, where his studies
were continued until 1868, partly in Uaisin Valley
Seminary and |iartly in Kalamazoo College. He
was ordained in Sclioolcraft, Mich., in 1868. His
Schoolcraft pastorate was ended in about a year
by failure of health. After six months' rest, he re-
sumed work limitedly in Brady, a field formerly
occupied in connection with Schoolcraft, where he
remained till April, 1871, when lie became pastor
ill Sturgis, Mich. In November, 1873, he removed
to Chicago, to accept a position on the Slandard.
Two years were spent in editorial work and study-
ing in the university and seminary. About one
year of this time he was regular supjily of the
Winnetka church. Preceding this he furnished
the lirst consecutive Baptist preaching in Hyde
Park, which prepared the way for the organization
of the church there.

Jan. 1, 1876, lie took the pastorate of the Bap-
tist church in Colorado Springs, Col., remaining
there three years. He preached the first Baptist
sermon in Lcadville, two weeks befure the church
was organized there, and issued the first Baptist
paper in that State, of which ho was editor and
manager. This paper, called Free Gold, was a
monthly, of which lidOO copies were distributed
gratuitously oach month in Colorado Springs and
in the mountaina westward. It was supported by

advertisements and free-will offerings. It was a
financial success.

iMr. Vail became pastor in Wichita, Kansas, Jan.
1, 1879, a part of the plan being the removal of a
debt of nearly $1200, due to the Home JSIission So-
ciety, during that yCar. By the generosity of the
society and the liberality of the church this was
accomplished, the pastor having directly nothing to
do with it. Mr. Vail resigned as pastor at Wichita,
Jan. 1, 1881, and was immediately secured as jiastor
at Olathe, Kansas.

Mr. Vail is a clear-headed, able, devoted, and
successful minister of the gospel, a close and atten-
tive student of the Bible, and a faithful shepherd
to his flock.

Van Horn, Hon. Burt, a n'spocted citizen and
influential Christian gentleman, a resident of Lock-
port, N. Y., was born in Newfaiie, Niagara Co.,
N. Y., Oct. 28, 1823. His parents, James and
Abigail, both of whom died in 1856, were highly
esteemed fur their public sjiirit and excellence of
Christian character. Besides filling important
positions in the town and county, his father was
for many years an honored deacon of the Newfane
Baptist church. His mother, a devoted member
of the same church, was a woman of rare worth ;
strong in character, devout in spirit, generous and
faithful, her godly life has left its impress on the
church and community.

From such parents the son inherited qualities of
mind and heart which fitted him for the s]ihere of
usefulness he has occupied. Besides home and
common-school training, he spent three years in
Yates Academy and one year in Madison Univer-
sity. Converted at the ago of fifteen, he lnH'ame a
member of the Newfane Baptist church, and for
many years devoted his best energies to its in-
terests. During the years 1858, 185'J, and 1860 he

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VAXnORN

1187

VAN MF/PER

served with honor in the State Legislature. In
ISIJO he was elected to Congress, elected a^ain in
18fi4, and re-eleeted in 180G. lie identified hini-
scirijy voice and pen with his party ; was an ardent
and outspoken advocate of the act of emancipation.
During his three years in the State Legislature and
his si.x years in Corifrrcss. though c)n many im-
portant committees, and an active i)articipant in
the great movements of that nu)st eventful period
of tlie nation's history, there was not raised a
lireatli of suspicion as to the integrity of his con-
luct. lu it all and through it all ho maintained
the Christian character which he took with liim
into luiblic life. In August, IS77, he was ap-
|iointed U. S. collector of internal revenue for
nine counties of Central and Western New York,
wliich ollice he now honorably lills. Though so
fully occupied with duties of a political and public
character, he is a most active and consistent mem-
ber of the Lockport ]5aptist church, whose interests,
material anil spiritual, ho has faithfully served
since he bccaiin,- a member, in ISTU.

Vanhorn, Rev. William, was born in Bucks
Co., Pa., July 8, 1747. Alter graduating in the
academy of Dr. Samuel Jones, at Lower Duldin,
he liecann; pastor of the Southampton liaptist
church in May, 17711. During the JbOvolutionary
war he was a chaplain in the army, encouraging
the biM'oes who fought against tyranny, hunger,
and cold, and sharing with them their greatest
dangers and most grievous hardships.

He was pastor of the Southampton church for
thirteen years. He was twenty-two years pastor
of the Scotch I'laiiis clmrrli, N. J. On his way to
a new home in Ohio he was seized with a fatal
illness in Pittsburgh, where he died Oct. 31, LS07.

Mr. Vanhorn was well known and greatly es-
teemed Ijy the Baptists of Pennsylvania and New
Jersey, and in the armies of the patriots. He
lived for the Savioui', and he dieil in pieace.

Van Husan, Hon. Caleb, of Detroit, IMieh., was
born in .^Llnchester, Ontario Co., N. Y., March 13,
1815. By the death of his mother, when he was thir-
teen years old, his home was broken up, and ho left
his native place to seek his fortune. At the age of
fourteen he was baptizeil by llev. RIeazer Savage,
in Knowlesville, N. Y. At twenty he entered upon
a business career, and the next year was unirried
to Miss Catherine Jackson. In 1S3S he removed
to Michigan and established himself in business
in Saline, where he was a successful mcu-chant
until 1S53, when he remnved to Detroit. He has
been for many years president of tlie Detroit Fire
and Marine Insurance Company.

From his eiuiiing to Michigan he has been
known as an intelligent and ellicient friend of
every enterprise contemplating the advancement of
the Christian church. One of the orisinal mem-

bers of the Lafayette Street church in Detroit, he
has been one of its deacons from its organization.
As a trustee of Kalamazoo OUege, and for several
years its treasurer, as a trustee of Madison Uni-
versity, as a member of the State Convention

HOV. CII.EB VAN IIUS.iN'.

board, as vice-president of the American Baptist
Missiotiary Union, and as a generous and cheerful
ciintributor to every department of Christian work,
he has been for many years an acknowledged leader
of the Baptists of Michigan. Mrs. Van Husan, to
whom he was married in 18G6, is the daughter of
llev. David Corwin, and is a special friend and
supporter of all our missionary enterprises.

Van Meter, A. W., was born at Elizabeth-
town, Hardin Co., Ky., April 1, 1789. He died
at the residence of bis son, E. A. Van Meter,
lOsq., of Burlington, lown, Nov. 11, 18(iS, at the
age of seventy-nine years. Mr. Van Meter shared
with his father the bardsbips of frontier life
in Kentucky, with exposure especially to Imlian
attack. " Often, when going to their religious
meetings, they carried their rilles and largo knives
for protection." In 1831, at the age of forty-two,
he removed with bis family to Washington, Taze-
well Co., 111. ILu'e again he found a new country.
Tin' Indians bad but rcciMitly bdt it, and settlers
were fiiw, though rapidly arriving. '' Fiu- a long
time he could hear of no Itaptist in that part of
the country, the nearest church being at Spring-
field, seventy miles south." Mr. Van Meter im-
mediately made himself known as a Christian and
a Baptist, and in 1833 united with others in form-

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T'J.V MI-n'KR

1188

VARDEX

iw^ the PleasaTit (ii-ovu olmrL-li, foui-tuon miles
from his liiiiiic. Of tlu? Mil)SL'(|iu'nt jrrowtli of the
doiioMiiniitiiJM in tin; I'l'iitrai iii)ni(p|i8 ul the Stiitu
li(i \v;i>t uiii; of the- chii'l' ill^l^ullu'llts. lie iiiiiile
liim;5ell' U(iii^|iiciioiis us a inissimhtii) Jtiij/li:if at a
time ^vllli^ lliis was almost a iiamo (jf reproaoli,
and was amonji tin; fon.'iiiost in tlio -^'ormation of
Associations in f'ontral lUiiuji.s, and in otiicf forms
of ori^anic i.'ntei'|iris(.-. lie was much a suffei-ur in
the last years of liis life, yet in his siilTevini;, as in
his serving, lie was still an example of Christian
fidelity, patience, and trust. Ilis surviving sons,
Kev. W. (,'. Van Meter, Edward A. \"an Meter, and
Jacob II. Y;o\ Metei', have honored his meauiry in
their lives of useful service. One of his daughters,
wife of Kev. 11. (i. Weston, then of Peoria, now
president of Crozer Theological Seminary, was,
upon lier death in 18.J7, fitly I'epresented as "'a
lady of great worth and devoted pietv."

Van Meter, Rev, W. C, was l;orn nearFdiza-
bcthtown, Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. 13, IS2l). When
liy was eleven years of age the family removed to
Illinois, wliere his father, Deaeun A. \V . Van Meter,
hecame conspicuous as an active Baptist and a friend
of missions. The son was converted at the age of
thirteen, and united with the I'leasaiU (irove church,
nowTremont. In IS.'iT heentered Shurtlrtf College,
where he remained a j'ear. It was the time of the
great abolition excitement in that quarter, result-
ing in the death of Kev. K. P. Lnvejoy at ,Vlton, at
the hands of a niub. Mr. Van Jleter was one of
fourteen young men who pledged themselves to de-
lend Mr. Lovejoy, and who carried him home after
he was killed. After a year at Shurtlelf he went
to Granville College, O., wiiere he remained until
1S43. Upmi leaving college he returned to Ken-
tucky, teaching and |ireaching in that State and in
Illinois until 18.J-1, when he removed to New York
City and began his important work there, first in
conViection with the Five Points Mission. In May,
1855, he took, as an experiment, his first company
of homeless children to Illinois, eighteen in num-
ber. This he continued until 1872, visiting the
AVcst within that period about seventy times, and
providing homes in this way for between two and
three thousand children. Thi'y were not inden-
tured, but committed to the honor and tenderness
of those who received them. In June, 18G1, he
founded the Howard Mission, or Home for Little
Wanderers, in the Fourth Ward, connecting this
with the work before described. In February,
1872, he was appointed by the Publication So-
ciety to begin a missidii at Kome. In 1878. the so-
ciety not wishing to conLinue its apin-opriations,
Mr. Van Meter, under a now organization, the
Italian Hiljlo and Sunday-Seliool Missidii, rosumed
it upon a new liasis. In Kome the mission has live
schools. — for boys, for girls, for inl'ants, a night

school for young men, and n school among the
Jews. It also sustains a teaclu^r in Naples and
one in IMilan. Mr. Van Meier lias warm support-
ers in various denominations in this country and
in Kngland, and prosecutes his work with an en-
thusiasm that wins friends to the cause wdierevcr
he goes. lie has recently retired frmii the Roman
Mission, and resumed his former benevolent labors
in New York.

Vann, Rev. R. T., graduated at ^Yake Forest
College in 1S74; spent two years at the Southern
Baptist Theological Seminary, and is now pastoi
at Enfield, N. C. He is an accomplished scholar
and a popular ijrcacher.

Vardeman, Rev. Jeremiah, was born in Ken-
tucky in 1775; ordained about 18UI. In 1810 he
)ireached at Davis' F(n'k, Sulbegrud, and Grassy
Lick ehurclics. lie had extensive revivals in these
churches. In 1815 he (U'ganized a church in Bards-
town, Ky., the stronghold of Caiholicism, and from
a revival whieh he eimiliicti-d. In 181(1 he held a
meeting in Lexington, Ky., and organized a church ;
also the same year, through a revival meeting in
Louisville, Ivy., he formed a church. He visited
Nashville, Tenii., and had a powerful meeting there,
at the close of which he cnnstltuted a church, and
a house of worship was built. In 1828 he had a
gracious revival in ('incinnati, in which over one
hundred were converted. In ISMO he removed to
Missouri. He and Spencer Black organized the
Baptist church in Palmyra, Mo. In 1834 he [ire-
sided at the first meeting held by Baptists in Mis-
souri for general missionary work, now the General
Association. When age was creeping upon him, he
visited Sulphur S|irings for his health ; during his
visit he preached, seated in a chair, with pathos
and power, and iidministered ba[itisni for the last
time.

It is supposed that he baptized more than 8000
persons. He was a very eloquent preacher. On
Saturday morning, .May 8, 1842, ho called his
family to him, bade them farewell, and sank in
deatli like a child falling asleep, in the sixty-
seventh year of his age. Labors and successes have
made his name immortal.

Vardeman, Rev. William H., was born in Fa-
yette Co., Ky., in l^ll) ; came with his father, Jere-
miah Vardeman, to Missouri in 1830. He was bap-
tized,in 1833, by his father. He wasordalned in 1845.
His labors have been abundantly blessed in the
conversion of great numbers in Balls, Montgomery,
and Pike Counties. lie has I)oen jmstor at Pleas-
ant Hill church fiir twenty-seven years.

Varden, George, D.D., LL.D., an eminent
linguist and classical scholar, was born at East
Dereham, County of Norfulk, England, Dec. 0, 18;;0.
He was brought up in the Church of England, but,
while attending an academy, experienced a change

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VAiixr.v

1189

VASSAL'

of lieai't, and was baptized into tlio fullowsliip of a
Baptist cliiircli. At the age of (;ij;;litc'eii ho was li-
uonsed to preacli, and soon afterwards oanie to tlie
Uiiit<;d .States. Aftei- traveling in tliis cDnntvy
abuut two Years, lie entered (ie(irget()wn CulleLje,
K3'., where he ^raduateii in lS')8. He was iniiiie-
<liately in'daincd, and heeanie tlie pastor cjl' tiie l!a|i-
list, uhiireh in I'aris, Ky., wlieix^ he still resides.
He has Ijeeii jiastor, at dilVerent periods, of tJje
ohnrehes atColuiiiansville, Florence, Falmunlh, and
Maysville. lie has also tan^ht a classical school
at I'aris. He is an enthnsiastie stndent, has writ-
ten much lor the periddleal press, IkjiIi of this
eonntry and Knru]pe, and is the antliur of |irize
essays on varions siilijeets, and critical reviews of
works in Kngli.--h, Ijatin, (Jernian, Dutch, ami
French. He was for a time an aeknowledjjed con-
trihntor to the L'licyclojitcdui Tlieuhnjicu c( Ecclc-
siaslica. He has attained a reputation for critical
Stiholarsliip in lOnrope as well as Anjerica.
Varnum, General Josepli Bradley, a hroiher

of Ucn. J. M. \'arniiin, was b^irn in Ihaeiit. .Mass,,
about the year 1750. Like his bruthcr he was
distinguished for his patriotism, and the ardor
with which he entered into the stirring scenes of
the Revolutionary war. He was chosen a member
of Congress upon the adoption of the Constitution,
and held the olllee for twelve years, during four of
which he was Speaker of the House of llepresent.i-
tives. He was chosen Senator of the United States
in 1811. He wijs a member also of thi-ee Massa-
chusetts State conventions. Besides these civil
offices lie was elected to several high military
])Osts, and at the time of his death he was major-
. gema-al of the third division of the militia of Mas-
sachusetts. "In all the olliccs he sustained, (Jen.
Varnniii exhibited an iissiduity whiidi never tired,
and an integrity above suspicion." For reasons,
whicli doubtless .seemed valid to himself, he did not
nnike a profession of his faith until July II, I.SI9,
when he w.is baptized, with his wife, by Rev. C 0.
Kimball, and joined the church in Methuen, Mass.
Soon :ifter his baptism a Baptist church was furmed
in Hracut, of which he was one of the constituent
memliers. He continued an active nuMnber of the
church to the time of his death, which ocmirred
.Sept. II, 1S2I. ■• In the death cif this good man,"
says a writer in noticing the death of Gen. \'arnam,
'' liberty has lost one of its ablest defenders, and
the cause of Christianity a firm friend tind sup-
porter."

Vass, Rev. J. L., is a native of Monroe Co.,
Va. He was l.uni April I, ISIO. He was con-
verted V. hen about ten years of age, and baptized
some two years later. How many of our rc.-illy
useful men are converted early I Soon after his
baptism he began to lead in prayer-meeting^^. His
college course was interrupted by the war, through

which he sewed as a private for two years, and as
itn ofiicer afterwards to its close. He then resumed
sttidy in Richmond College, and subseipiently went
to the theological seminary.

]\t' located as pastor of the Spartanburg Biiptlst
church, S. C, on lca\ing the seminary, and re-
peated ellbrts to induce him 10 leave th(! church of
his lii',-t lovi.' have thus far faileil.

'I'he church has grown rapidly in mimbers, ac-
tivity, and ]iicty under his care. He lias in a high
degree the lirst (piality of success in any sphere of
life. He is a persistent and judicious wurlcf.

Vassal College, an institution fur the liberal
education of young Wemen, located in I'onghkicp-
sie, N. Y., was fuunded and endowed by Matthew
Vassar, at an expense to liini of more than S?TllO,liiMl.
It is the first grand completely endowed college for
young women ever projected. Although Mr. Vas-
sar was a Baptist, and although the president and
a majiirit}' of the board of trustees of the college are
Baptists, it is in no sense a sectarian institution.
The main edifice is almost 5011 feet Icnig and -00
feet wide. The centre buildings and wings are five
stories high and the connecting ])ortions four. It
has accommodations for 400 students, rooms for
recitations, lectures, instruction in music and paint-
ing, a chapel, dining-liall, parlors, a library-room,
an art-gallery-, rooms for philosophical apparatus,
laboratories, cabinets of natural hi^tory, ajiartments
for the ollioers of the institution, and for the ser-
vants employed in it. It has a conipletidy fur-
nished observatory, a spacious gymnasium, with
rooms for a riding-school, bowding-alley, and cal-
isthenics. Its grounds are spacious, handsomely
planned, and elegantly admaieii. The success of
the enterprise has jii>tilied the large outlay of
money to inaugurate it, and it fully meets the ex-
pectations of its friends. (See cut lui next page.)

S. li. Caldwell, D.D., is iis present jiresident.

Vassar, Rev. D. N., A.M., was born in Bedford
Co., \a., Dec. 5, IS47. lie was bajilized in 18(3S,
and entered the Richmond Institute the same year.
After a three years' preliminary course here he en-
tered the gralnmar-^clloul of ^Iadis0ll University,
and was graduated from the college in 1877 as
Bachelor of Arts. Immediately after he was
elected Professor of .Mathematics in Richmond In-
stitute, where he is diiiiig good service in the Ciinse
of higher education. He has consecrated his life
to the work of elevating the colored race morally
and intellectually. I'lof. Vassiir received from
Madison University, in ISSO, the ilegree of Master
of Arts.

Vassar, Matthew, "as horn in lOnst DcrclKuu,

in the county of Norfolk, England, April li'J, I7'J-.
His ancestors were fr(jm France, iind the name was
spelled Vasseiir. < hie of the I.evassciira aci'om-
panied Lafayette to .Vnnrica as his secretary. His

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VASSAE

1190

FA UGH AN

parents were Biiptists. In 179G they came to
America .'iiid settled in Poiijihkeepsie. .Suim tliey
coiiuiienceil tiie niaiiufacture uf " lionie-breweil
ale," whicli grew into the great establishment known
as Vassar's brewery. The son ]\[atthew was averse
to the bnsiness, and eonimonoed to learn another,
wliLTi his latlier's establislinicnt was bnrned, his
brother was killed in trying to save some of the
Jirciperty, and he rescjlved to aid his parents to re-
vive the business. 'I'hns lie eonimeneed a business
which he pursued for more than lifty years. In

was ordained in the city of his birth when at the
age of twenty-two. He was called to Amenia in
1857, where he remained eight years. He had one
year's leave of absence for service in the Held as
chaplain of the 150th Regiment of N. Y. Vols.
The regiment was attached to the Army of the
Potonnic, and he was with it in several battles,
including Gettysburg. He became pastor of the
First church of Lynn, Mass., in 18G5 ; then of
Fleniington in 1S72. Mr. Vassar is ii pojmlar
preacher, a brilliant lecturer, a good organizer, and

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H„j|l'tFlpvl-

J,, -I'liiijiiJiifit imvi

VASSAR COLLEGE.

1845 he, with his wife, visited Europe, and then
conceived the plan of devoting his great wealth to
the common welfare. After long contemplation lie
resolved to found a first-class college for young
women, complete in all its appointments, and well
endowed. Being a Baptist in principle, ho )iut it
under Baptist control, but arranged that it should
not be denominatioiml in its teaching or nnmage-
nietit. In his adilress at the organization of the
hoard ho said, " All sectarian inlluences should be
carefully excluded, but the training of our students
should never be intrusteci to the skeptical, the irre-
ligious, or the immoral.'' This munificent gift to i
the cause of higher education amounts to more than
!ii700,0(lO. He died on connnencement-day while
reading bis annual address, .Iiine 2li, 1808.

Vassar, Rev. Thomas Edwin, was born at
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Dee. 3, 1834. lie was early
converted, and joined the church there. Tie pursued
theological studies with Dr. Ilufus Babcock, and

a genial man. His life of his relative, John Vas-
sar, gathers interest not only from the worth of
its subject but from the attractive style of the au-
thor. When Dr. Smith resigned the secretaryship
of the State Convention, Mr. Vassar was sponta-
neously chosen as his successor, an<l he is ably fill-
ing the fibice.

Vaiighan, Rev. E. L., was bom in Carroll Co.,
Va., Jan. 2(1, 1845, and was lel't an orphan at an
early age. Though only sixteen at the opening of
our civil war, he enlisted in the army and served
until its close. He was converted in the army
during the year 1^02, and began to |)reach in 1874.
He was ordained at Macon, (^la., in 1870, sluiiied
one term in the Southern ISaptist. Thoologiciil Sem-
inary, and tlien entered upon a useful and laborious
career as a missionary of the State Mission Board.
He is an exceedingly zealous, faithful, and hard-
working minister of the gospel.

Vaughan, Henry, was bora at St. Martin's,

V.i.V.O')' '

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VAUGHAN

1191

VAUGUAN

New 15ruiiswick, whore, in 1828, he was converted
and baptized uniier the ministry of Rev. Mr. Coy.
lie is now a inuniljer of Germain Street Baptist
church, St. Joliii, New Brunbwiek. lie is a wealthy
siiip-owner in tliat city, and contributes liberally to
tiie support of the churoli and to denominational
enterprises.

Vaughan, Rev. Henry, son cif Simon Vau^han,

of St. JMai-iin'.>, New I5run.swiel<, was converted
and baptized at W'ulfvilie, Nova Scotia, lie was a
f;raduate ol' Acadia College, and studied the(dogy
at Newton. He was ordained pastor of the Bap-
tist church at St. George, New Brunswick, Jan. S,
1862, and in ISIi.'i took charge of tin; Germain
Street Ba|itist church, St. John, New Brunswick.
lie died Aug. 12, 1804, deeply lamented by his
brethren in the provinces.

Vaughan, Eev. Howell, was a native of Wales,
and a minister of the Baptist deu<iminalion. In 1G33
a Bajitist churcii was formed at Olehrou, in Wales,
of which Jlr. Vaughan was first a member, and
afterwards the pastor, lie was among the earliest
of our brethren in modern times to |ireach the gos-
pel to his countrymen. lie signed the minutes of
the meeting of tlie Ministerial Association wbicli
met at Abergavenuv in Hk';,'!.

Vaughan, Rev. Thomas M., son of Rev. Wil-
liam \'aughiiii, 11. 1)., was born in Mason Co., Ky.,
June 11, 1825. He was educated with much care
under several teachers. He liuishcd his literary
education at Geo}-gctown College in 184i). He then
entered upon the study of law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1847. He established himself in the
practice of liis profession i}i ^^ersailles, Ky. He
soon acquired a good reputation as a lawyer, and
for a short time acted in tlie capacity of circuit
judge. But the strong conviction of duty to
preach the gospel, which he had felt in iiis youth,
returned with such force that, in 1854, he resolved
to abandon the law and give himself to the minis-
try. He was licensed to preach in February, 1855,
and (U'dained to the pastorate ol Burk's Branch
church in Shelby Co., Ky., the following Septenj-
ber. The next year he acccjiled the care of Clay
Village church, in tiie same county. He niinistei'cd
to these churches until 1858, when he was called
to the First Baptist churcli in Bowling Green,
where ho succeeded Dr. J. M. Pendleton. In 1801
he returned to Shelljy County and took charge of
Simpsonville churcii. There lie remained nearly
ten years, taking rank with the licst preachers of
the State. Wliile here Ijic supplied at dilferent
periods tin; chiiri-hes at Buck Creek, Salem, and
Luu leneeliurg. in December, 1870, he accepted a
call to the church at Danville, where he >lill re-
mains. In 1878 he wrote and puldisiied tlie life
of his father, which was favorably received.

Vanghan, William, D.D., an eminent minister

of the gospel in Kentucky, was born in Westmore-
land Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1785. His parents removed
to Kentucky when he was about three years old,
and his youth was spent in the wilderness of the

WILLIAM V.^TJGIIAN, D.D.

great Southwest. Upon arriving at manhood he
manifested a strong logical mind and great fondness
for study. He ado|)ted a mechanical ))ursuit, and
having married, located in Winchester, Ky. He
[irocured the writings of Paine, Volney, and Vol-
taire, professed himself a deist, and united with
an infidel club. About three years after this, in
1810, he was converted to Christ, and Ijecame a
member of a Baptist churcii in Clark Co., Ky.
Was licensed to preach in 1811, ordained in 1812,
and, apjilying hiiii.self to study with great indus-
try, made rapid advancement, and became not
only a gooil English scholar, but possessed con-
siderable attainments in the Greek language and
literature. Soon after liis ordination he settled in
Rlason County, where he preached to several
churches, and taught school about fifteen years.
In 1827 ho removed to Ohio, where he remained
one year, and returned to Kentucky. He was
now brought into conflict with the disciples of
Campbell, who were making many proselytes.
Being the only minister in Kentucky at that time
who was able to grapple successfully with the ad-
herents of the new doctrine, lie was encouraged by
the churches to defend their principles against the
assaults of Mr. Campbell, and devoted himself
with great energy and extraordinary ability to this
work. In 1831 he accepted the appointment of

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VAUGHAN

1192

VA WTER

f^ent'i-al agent for tlie American Sunday-school
Union, and continued in ita oniijloynicnt two and a
liair years, in tin; l'a(;t; ot" consideraljlu opposition,
ustablisliin;;; aliont a luiiidi-ed sclinols. In 1S35 lie
accepted the position of general aij;ent for ICeiitiickv
for the American JSiiilu Society. Six months al'irr-
wards the Uaptists withdrew from the society, and
he rcsiL'nod. In I.Suii lie accepted a call to the
(lastorate of ISlooiiiliidd church in Nelson Comity.
Here, as elsewhere, he was Indd in liij^li esteem,
ilo preached to ISlooiiitield cluirch thirty-two years.
In 18(jS, in consequence of au injury received by
a fall, he resigned his pastoral charge, in his
cighty-l'onrth year, but continued to be a cluse
student, and to preach as his strength would serve
him, until he was over ninety-two years of age.
It is probable tliat; no minister in Iveutucky was
ever move universally loved and honored. lie died
March ;il, 1S77.
Vaug-han, Wm. R., A.M., M.D., principal of

the Gord(jnsviile Female Institute, was horn in Eli/,-
ahetli City Co., Va., in 1827. 'J'lie earlier part of
his education was obtained at IIam|jtou Academy
find at the Columbian College, after whicli he was
graduated at William and Mary College. After
having graduated in medicine also, at the Virginia
Medical College, llichmond, he took a course of
lectures in the University of I'euiisylvania, and
soon after enten.'d upon an extensive and lucrative
practice. He was ba|)tized, in ISlS, 1)V I>i-. .Jeter,
and became a member- of the First cliurcli, Kich-
mond. F.arl}' in the war. Dr. ^'aughan was selected
as line oltien. Magrudi'r's iieisoiial stall at York-
town, and served with great bravery ami elliciency.
Ill August of 1S61 he was appointed full surgeon
with the rank of major; roigneil. and ■ took a
cavtilry ccjuimand, whiih, owing to ill health, he
also resigned in June id' 1S(J2. In l.SO-l ho was
placed in command of the general hospital at
Petersburg, where he did nolde servici^, and was
acknowledged to be one of the most skillful sur-
geons in the Confederate surviee. .Vfter thi! close
of the war, I>r. Vaughan pursued his medical |)ro-
fessiou with eniiiieut success. lir has always been
deeply interested in Sunday-school work iind edu-
cational movements. .\s a Sunday-school organizer
he has but lew i;i|uals, while as a Sunday-school
teacher, superintendent, and lecturer he lias lieen
very successful. lii iSO'J he was invited to take
'■liurge of the Bristol Female College, Tenn., wdiere
he remained one session, and then accepted the
position of principiil of the Cnlpepi'i- Institute,
Va., where lie built up in a short time one of the
most lloui-ishing female seminaries in the Stale.
At the earnest solicitation of many friends and
prominent gentlemen, Dr. Vaughan 0|ieneil a
school of high grade for young hulies at Gordons-
ville, where he is putting on solid luundations one

of the best institutions of the kind in Virginia.
Had Dr. Vaughan's health permitted him to remain
in the pirtictice of his profession, he would easily
have aciiuired distinction and wealth. As a teacher,
he is enthusiastic and instructive, winning the at-
tention and love of all xvhn come under his eare.
His laliors as a Christian layman are numerous
and successful, being specially interested in ell'iirts
to develop :i higher eductition, sanctified by divine
truth. As a writer, lie is vigorous and instructive,
being thoroughly familiar with the many and
varied questions that touch upon science and re-
ligion. He is a frequent contributor to the press,
both seculiir and religious. His varied stores of
inf irmation make him a most interesting conver-
sationalist, and his genial social qualities render
him a most com|ianionable co-laborer in the dif-
ferent fields of Christian, literary, tmd scientific
activity in which he is so userully enlisted. Colum-
bian University conferred the honorary degree of
A.M. on Dr. Vaughan in INSI.

Vawter, Rev. Jesse, was bom in Culpeper
Co., Va., Dec. 1, 17.').'). He was converted in 177-1,
and joined the Kapidaii liaptist church. In 1781
he Avas drafted as a soldier for a few months. In
17'J0 he removed to Kentucky, and in 18l)fi to In-
diaiui. He was ordained in 1800. Among other
utterances on " a call to the ministry" we record
this, written by his own pen : '' ISiit I do believe
the best evidence a man can have that it is his duty
to preach is the voice of his brethren, for no man
is a proper jiidgi.' of hiiiisell'; he will judge too
high or too low of his own performances." He
helped to constitute twelve churches and three.
Associations. He wtis regarded as a father in all
Southern Indiana; from his judgment in nuittera
of doctrine or polity there was no disposition to
dissent. His four sons — .lolin, AVilliam, Achilles,
and James — were all prominent men in the cluirch.
They were all liaptlsis. He died March 20, 1838.

Vawter, Rev. John, oldest son of -lesse and
Elizabeth \'a\vtrr, was liurii Jan.8, 17'^2, in Madi-
son Co., \.\.. His father removed to Kentucky in
I7'.K). I'rn years afterwarils his son made a jiublic
lirofession of faith in Christ, :ind joined a Baptist
church near Frankfiut. In 1^07 he removed across
the Ohio into Indiana, and built a house in the
forest, where North I\lailisoii now stands. He
here joined the Mount I'leasant church. He was
the first magistrate of Madison. He was appointed
sheriff of Jefferson and Clarke Counties. I'residcut
.Madison appointed him U. S. marshal Uir Indiana.
In 181') he removed firther north, ami iiegan the
building of a town, wliii h he ctilled "N'ernon. In
1810 he and seven others formed the A'einoii Bap-
tist church. In May, 1821, he was ordained tu the
ministry. In 1831 he was elected to a seat in the
lower house of the State Legislature, and in 1830

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VEAZV

1193

rERMONT

was Kont to tlie Stiite eenatu. lie was colonel of
luiiitia IVoiii 1S17 to 1S21. lie was also a vico-
prcsidiL'iit of the eonvcntion that nouiiiiateil I'resi-
dont Taylor, lie was an ackiiowledt^ed leader
among the IJaptists of his State, having boeu fore-

liEV. JOJIX VAUTEli.

most in the or;;ani'/,ation of manj' ehuvehes and
Associations. Jlis heart swelled with the desire
of liberty for mankind, lie never coneealed his
sympathy I'or the enshiviul race. In 184S he re-
moved to -Murgantown, where he fi'rmed a ehiirch,
and laborrd till his death, lie was straightfor-
ward and positive. He had a kind heart, and was
very thoughtriil of the hafipiness of others. He
never eoneealed his hatred of tobaeoo. He died at
his hiime in Morgantown, Aug. 17, 1872.

Veazy, Deacon. John, the contemporary and
felio\v-l;Ll)OiTr (if .les^e .Mereor, was Imrii in North
(.'ariiliiia, March '_".), 170'J. He eame tw Georgia in
his yiiiUh, in eoiiipany with his |)aronts, and, not
long afterwards, was baptized by Silas Mercer, and
reei;ived into tlu! Powelton ehnreh, 1 lancoek Co.,
of which chiireh he remained a member until his
dciltli. He d('veloped into a (..'hristiaii of rare ex-
cellence and nscd'iiliH^ss.

He entei-rd into the missionary enterprise with
all his heart, and stiiod side by side with those
wliii furiiii'd the first missionary s(jeiely in the
State. 'I'lie fast friend of all the benevolent opera-
tions of his day, he was )iartieiilaily /.ealons in the
distribution of tracts thnuighont his nciirhborhood.
AVhih' taking a deep interevt in the (Mn.s.' of Christ
generally, the welfare of the old i'owelton church
7(3

lay especially near his heart, and, during the
jieriod of its greatest jjrosperity, he took the lead
in every good word and work. He died Nov. .S,
1847, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. His
name is yet a household word in Hancock County.

Venable, Rev, R. A., Jiastor at Helena, Ark.,
was born in (leorgia, but reareil in Arkansas. He
was educated at jMississi|ipi College, where he grad-
uated with the first honors of his class in 1S76.
After his graduation he took charge of tln^ high
school at l'Udora(K), Ark., for two years. He was
then callcil to Ukaloini, .Miss., where he remained
two years. He became pastor of the First church of
-Memphis, Tenn., in IS.Sl, wliere lie has enjoyed i e-
markable success. .Mr. \%^iui)ih.' is a lini' scholar and
iin eloquent ]ireaeliur ; he is fast taking a proiaincnt
position among the rising young men in the South.

Vermont Baptists.— In 17<JS the first Jiaptist
church in what is now the Stale of A'ermont was
formed in the town of Shaftsbury. It arose out
of the New-Light movement, and in 1788 it had
become the mother of three other churches in the
same town. The second elnirch in Vermont was
organized in the town o( I'owniil in 1773. T'hese
two towns were the seats [ctilhcdra) of Baptist in-
fluence and missionary cllbrt for a coiisideruble
period in Vernuuit. Towards the close of the
Revolutionary war the county of Winilsor in-
creased ra]iidly in population, and with the new
residents several Haptist ministers found their way
to that sectioji of Vermont. X ehurch was formed
in Woodstock in 1781), uf which Uev. Elisha Kan-
som became |)astor. Between 1780 and 17'.l() there
were thirty-two ehurcdn's establisln^d in \'ermont,
making with the live previously formed thirty-seven
churclu^s, in which there were 28 ordained minis-
ters and ItiOO communicants. This was a time of
great zeal, prayer, and ellort, and the blessing of
God descended in great power upon the struggling
Baptist communities of the Green Mountain State.

The liaptists sull'ered severely from the tyranny
of the "standing order" at this period iiL Vermont,
and it was only after years of persistent labor that
the disaliilities under which they groaned were re-
moved, arid the complete separ.'ition of Church and
State was accomplished.

The .Shaftsliury, the first Baptist Association,
was established in 1780; of the live churches com-
posing it, two belonged to Vernumt and three to
New York and Massachusetts. The Woodstock
Association was organized in 178.'i from churches
located in Vermont and in New Hampshire. The
church of (^anaan, of which Ih'. Thomas Baldwin,
subse(piently of Boston, was pastor, was one of
the constituent members of this .Association. The
celchrat<'d Aaron Lcland, lieutenant-governor of
Vermont, was one of the early lainisters of the
Woodstock Association. The Vermont Associatioa

V/XjV.'iYA'I

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VERY

1194

riNCE

was lormoj in 17S5 of five cliiirclics. 'J'liore are
seven As.socialion.s in tljo State, the lari^estof wliieli
is tlie Jianioille, anil the saialiest tlie Vermont (ami-
tral. In these S(!ven Assueiutions there arc 114
chiircjhes, 7'J (aislurs, anij U870 laenihcrs. 'I'liere
are KJl Baptist Suniiay-sehools in the State, with
IKili oilicers and teaehers, ami 'J^Of seholars.
Diirini; the year $()5Gi).7.'! were given lor heiiovo-
lent olijects. While many of the elinrehes are
weak, ovv'inf^ to removals to the \\'est, others are
enjoyin;^ cneonrat;inj^ j)i-osperity.

The Baptist Convention was ori;ani/,ed in 1S25,
and has rendered blessed serviee in spreadinj^ the
gospel in Vermont. Its ollieers in ISSO were, Presi-
dent, Rev. D. Spenenr; Viee-Prosidents, Itev. ,M. A.
AVileux, Col, J. .J. i;st(^y; Seeretary, Kev. \\ . H.
Ku;^;;; ; Treasurer, (len. ( Jeorj^e F.Davis. \'enHont
has also a Baptist Historical Society and a Baptist
Salibath-Schiiol Cinivention.

Vermont Baptists have been the warm IVieiids
of education ; they aided Hamilton, and they have
sustained academies among themselves with great
liberalily. They have placed a number of distin-
guished men in the governor's chair and in other
secular positions, as well as in the ministry ; ami
they have given to sister States sonjc of our finest
seholars, nujst distinguished educators, and ablest
preachers.

Very, Eev. Edward D., A.M., was born in

Salem, ]\lass. ; gradiiateil from l)artmi;utli College;
ordained pastor at O.ilais, Me. ; became ])astor at
Portland and at St. John, New Brunswick, De-
cember, 184G : he was the founder of the Christhin
Visitor, oounnenecd in 1847, and continued its
editor until his death, elune 7, 1852, which occurred
in returning from a geological expedition to Cape
Bloniedon. Mr. Very, Prof. Chipman, and four
students of Acadia College were drowned in the
Basin of Mines. The I'orthind church and the
denomiinition wei'O sadly bereaveil. Mr. Very
was a sound theologian, an able preaelier, a good
counselor, and an excellent writer.

Videto, Rev. Nathaniel, was born in Annapo-
lis Co., Nova Scotia; was converted ami baptized
in 1S2S ; was ordained successor to the Ivcv. Thomas
Alnslie in the pastorate of the Baptist cliurch, Wil-
mot, Novu Scotia, .May 10, 18152, and conlinued in
that ollice for forty years, during which time large
additions were made to the membership of the
church. Mr. Videto is a jjowctrlul advocate of
temperance and prohil)ition.

Vince, Rev. Cliarles, was bom in the small town
of Farnham, in Surrey, Kiighind, in 182!!. In his
youth he diligently improved his mind by study
anil extensive reading. Keared among the (!ongre-
gationalists, he became convinced of the Scriplmal
authority of believers' immei-sion, and was bajj-
tizeJ. When he began to jireach in the neighlior-

ing villages he leaped at once into |)0pularity. In
1848, at the age of twenty-five, he entered Stepney
College, and at the end of his course accepted a
call to th(! pastorate ol' the (iraham Street church,
Birmingham. The church met in u large building
known as Mount Zion ciiapel. The congregation

KF.V. CIlAlfl.l'.S VINCK.

was small, and tlic debt on the building was a
heavy burden. But the young pastor showed tliat
he was equal to the situation. The S|)aeious chapel
soon became filled with hearers, and every good
work was vigorously ]n-osecuted by his people,
led and animated by their large-hearted and saga-
cious pastor, llis sterling common sense and prac-
tical wisdom were as conspicuous as his. oratorical
powers, whilst his simple piety and brotherly
alfection won the hearts of all who came into per-
sonal contact with him. In all tlie midland dis-
trict of England he was by common consent looked
up to as the blshnii of the Baptists, llis course
was one of unbri/ken harmony with his |ieopli', and
it was brilliantlv snccessful. lie was greatly sought
after for extraordiniiry services, and, so far as he
was able, he held himself ready to serve every good
cause. The London May meetings' programme was
scarcely ever published during the last ten or twelve
years of his life willmut bis name in the list for a
Bermoii or a s|)eecli. As a |ircaclier, .Mr. Vince
early attained a standard nearly approaching tho
geiu!ral ideal of perfection. 'I'lio common pco|de
heard him gladly, while the cultured and refined
always found interest and instruction. His illus-
trations were generally Bibliciil, and he was re-

<i!

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VIRGINIA

1195

Vina IN I A

iiiiirkiil)ly (uiul of Bunyiiii's vivid iiniij;oi'y and
quuiiit humor. For aevoni,! yeiirs the gi'uat oity
of IJirininj^hain regarded Cliailes Vinco us one
of her chief chainpioiia of civil and religious lili-
erty, ami an able leader and counselor in all phil-
anthropic enterprises. On the school hoard and on
the hoard of guardians of the |jour, in the. great
gatherings of citi/.en.s in (he town-iiall, iMr. Vince
was always to he <lependud on for wisdom not less
than eloipieuuo. lie was, indeed, a public man of
the noblest mould. How well he .served the com-
munity in the esteem of his fellow-citizens was tes-
tilied at his I'uueral liy the representatives of all
classes and parties and sects. The chief magi.strate
of liirmiugham, and di'[iutatious IVoni all the pu)i-
lie binlies, the ministers of the various Noucon-
foriuist churches, several of the Estalilishcd clergy,
the Jewish rabbi, and one of the dignitaries of the
Uinnan Caliioiic Church, assembh^d around the
grave to express not oidy their (lersonal respect,
but the universal sense of an irreparable loss.
IJaptists iVom all parts of ihe country were lild-
wise present to mourn with their bereaved bretlin-n
of the neighborhood. In the very ju'inm of his
j)0wers and reputation, only lifiy-ono years of age,
Jie dieil Oct. 22, 1.S74. His end was peace. The
doctrine of the Cross, which hail ever been prouii-
iicnt in his preaching, was dear to him in death.
j\.niong his last articulate utterances was heard
tlie words, —

" Ilock of ages, elf fl for nie,
Lc-t me liiJe tuyseU" ill tlieo."

Virg'inia, The Baptist General Association

of. — The first General Assemblies of Baptists in
this Statu were called Yearly Meetings. These
were mass-meetings for worship and conference,
usually held in May and October, and began as
early as 175". When, from denominatioind growth,
they became inconvenient, Histrict Associations
were formed composed of delegates from eliurehes.
The first District Association composed wholly of
Virginia IJaptist churches was the Kctoekton, or-
ganized Aug. HI, ITbli. It comprised four churches,
three of wliieh had been dismissed from the I'hila-
delphia Association in I Tbf) for this purpose. May
11, 1771, at Craig's ineeting-house, in Orange
County, twelve churches formed the General As-
sociation of Separate Baptists in Virginia, called
also Uajiidan Association. At its meeting in 1775
it included si.xly churches.

Severe ])ersecutions caused vigorous efl'orts to
secure religious liberty. A general combination
of Baptists beciinnr necessary, and they organized,
Oct. '.I, 17S4, a General Committee composed of del-
egates from Histriet Associations. 'I'his continued
until May, 1800, when the General Meeting of
Correspondence was formed, with eoniposition and
objects similar to those of the General ('oiamittee.

When security of conscience, worship, and (U'lvi-
leges had become assured by law, the churches
turned to missions and other general work. The
conception of a General Association for missionary,
educational, Bible, Sunday-school, and other enter-
prises originated in a conversatiim between the
llev. James l''ife and the Uev. Kdwaril Baptist, and
on June 7, ISlIU, the llaptisl General Association
of Virginia was I'urnied at a meeting held in the
Second Baptist church in Uichmond, \'a. Fifteen
delegates and a few visitors were present, none of
wlumi survive. Itobert B. Seniple was the iirst
moderator. AVni. Todd was clerk. Robert B.
Sempio preached the iutroductin-y sermon. There
were then in the State 20 Histriet Associations
with alumt 40,000 nicmliers, white and colored.
The Iirst missionaries of the (ieneral iVssociation
were Daniel AVitt and .leremiah I5ell Jeter. 'I'he
tieneral Association gradually secured the eo-0|,ier-
atiiin of all the Baptists in the State except a small
number opposed to " modern societies," and calling
themselves "Old-School Baptists." T'he growth
of the General Association has been regular and
rapid; its sessiinis have been always well attended
and haniumious, its supporters zealous and liberal,
and its work greatly blessed. At the semi-centen-
nial meeting hehl with the Second Baptist church
in Uichmond, \'a., it had l.')7 life-members, of
whom (J2 were present. T'here were present over
lOOO delegates, and 100 visitors from other States
or general organizations.

The General Association is composed of life-
members, nnide such on payment of $200 to its
objects, and annual members ciuitributing .$25
yearly, or delegates from contributing churches,
societies, etc. Each member must be "an orderly
member of some regular Baptist church." It has
a [iresidont, four vice-presidents, a treasurer, a sec-
retary and assistants, a statistical secretary, and
live boards, which administer its plans and work,
and wdiich report anniuilly. Its boards are State,
foreign and hojiio missions, education and Sunday-
school and Bible. It has a iMiuisters' Belief and
an Historical Society. All business is transacted
in Associatioual sessions and not by the separate
" Society" .system. The annual receipts have risen
to the aggregate of over $24,000, which includes
only what passes through its own treasury. It
employs 44 State missionaries. Since 1863 the
colored Baptists have formed and maintained sepa-
rate organizations in Virginia. The General Asso-
ciation includes 22 District Associations, comprising
677 churches, 37'J ministers, and G6,7I.'> members.
In the whole State there are 32 Associations, 1346
churches, 718 ministers, and 207,559 members. In
1832 the Education Society founded the Virginia
ISaptist Sendnary, which became, in 1843, Kieh-
nn^nd Cullege. It has educated for the ministry

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VIRGINIA

1196

YOG ELL

about SCO yoiinj; men. A very liii'<;e p;ii-t of the
Uii)itist clairclics in Vii\:^ini;i, and most of those in
Wost Virniiiia, were oriiunized tlir(Hii;h the liiliors
of tlie missionaries of tlie (jeneral ^Vssorintion, the;
olfieiont seoretary of its State Mission Jioaiii, thii
Hon. Hi-nry Iv. Kllysun, liavinj; for many years
zealously |jei-lbrmeJ his hibors vvithoiit jiecuiiiary
rewanl. . ,. -^,, ^ , .

jVmonii; the ollieers and memljers of the General
Assoeiatioii have been some of the most pious,
prominent, and honored Baptists in the land. Tlie
orjiauizatiiin lias seeurcd unity of enerj;ies and
fxiveu a gnat impulse to the cuti-rprise ul' \'irj;iiiia
Baptists. Its meetings are largely attended, devo-
tional, and .spirited. Its iiiiliey has ever lieeiv ex-
pansive, aggressive, and jiruchuit. ,Many thrilling
events mark its history. It has neeiipied destitute
seetious, aided feehle ehurehes, estaldished Suuday-
sehools, built "' eliureh houses," and parlieipated in
nil good work lor gospel growth. Virginia Baptists
love and sustain it. and, lie-~t of all, (Jod blesses it.

Virg'inia, Baptists of. — 'fhe earliest aeeouut
of any ISaptists in Virginia is the stalemi'ut of llev.
Morgan Edwards, that, in ll)'.)."i, there were some
Baptists in North Carolina who had gone over
from \'irginia to eseape the intuleraiu-e of the laws
of the latter eoliiny. The lirst organized ehuruh
of wliieh we liiid meiitii)ii i-i that at IJurley, Isle of
AVight Co., to whieh. in ITN, the Rev. Itoberfc
Nordaiii came from KiiLiland as (lastor. I'rom
laliiirs ill this vieiiiitj smi'ial eliiirelu's were formed,
whieh in part eoinposed the Keliiikeo Assoeiation,
organized in ITfi''). In 17-l.'i some Baptists from
Chestnut lliclge, Md., reiimved tu Opeekon Creek,
now Cei:oipiau, in I'riiKu^ William County, and
eoustilnti'd the OeiMiipian church in ITIi, with the
Uev. Henry Liivi'all as paslm'. Tln^ elinreh was
afterwards called Mill Creek. Other idiurehes were
organized, and some joined the I'hiladelphia Asso-
ciatiim, Irom wdiieh tlicy were regularly dismissed
to fiiriii, wilh another ehuieli. the Ketoekton Asso-
ciation, in London County. This was the lirst Dis-
trict Assiii;iation wliollv composed of Virginia B.-ip-
tist ehurehes. Many churches along the southern
border of the State belonged to the Samly Creek
Association, mainly in N(n-th Carolina, and formed
in January, 17o.'^. All the associated Baptist
churches of the .State belonged to one of these
three Associations. The Sandy Creek chnrehes
were called " Sepanite Baptist.s" ; the Kehnkeo
churches, "General Baptists" ; and the Ketoekton
churches, " Strait," or '■ Calvinistic," or " Regular
Baptists." These all <:oalesceil, adopting the doc-
trinal formulary of the " llegular" Baptists as
their " Basis of Union" in ITi^T. The " Se|iarate
Baptist Association," or "General Associatien tif
Scjiarate Baptists," or " Kapidan Assoeiatiun,"
wiis'organizcd May 11, 1771.

Some of the early laws against " Dissenters" in
Virginia bore heavily against Baptists, and they
were severel)' jiersecuted. The first imprisonment
of preaeluus was that of John Waller, Lewis Craig,
James Cliihls, and others, June. 4, l7fiS, in S|iott-
sylvauia County. IMaiiy other cases followed else-
where, accomjianicd often with fines, whipping, and
other penalties. These trials awakened a sturdy
determination to sweep away all civil obstacles to
religious liberty. To combine efforts, a " General
Committee" was formed, Oct. 'J, 17<S4, of two dele-
gates from each Association, the " General Asso-
ciation" having been dissolved in 17S3. Four As-
sociations were represented. Instead of this " Gen-
eral Committee," which had nidjiy and ell'ectively
served its purposes, the "General Meeting of Cor-
respondence" was formed of delegates from Associa-
tions in May, IStlO. This continued as the Stale
board of liiiptist iM)-operation until June 9, 18'23,
when the pic-seiit " Baptist General Assuci;nion of
A'iigiiiia" was organized for missionary, Snndiiy-
scliool, .Mild other work. AVIiat is now West Vir-
ginia was part of the field cultivated by the General
Association.

J5aptists more than any others, and simietimes
against a combined opposition, secured complete re-
ligious freedom fur \'.irginia. Many were whipped,
imprisoned, lined, or imdibed, and remarkable eases
of steadfastness, heroism, and sacrifice are recorded
in Virginia Baptist history. 'They have grown in
numbers, intelligence, inlluonce, and enterprise, and
now outnumber any other, indeed, almost all other
religious denominations in the State. They liavi;
one college ut Uichmond, and many academies for
males and females, under Bajitist auspices. Since
1 Sb:; the colored ehurehes have constituted them-
selves separately, and have their own Assueiatious.

Virginia Baptists jioint to their history with
gratitude to God and to the memory of their
pjionecrs in the faith. 'I'lieir ministry is the peer
of any other in iiiety, inlelligenee, power, and en-
terprise. Their churches iiumlier KiKJ ; ordained
ministers, 718; members, 2(17, •'')59 ; Associations, 3'2.

The B;iptists of Virginia, ill |iatriotism, in hc'roic
sufi'erings for Christ, in zeal to spread the gospel in
their own and in other States, and in success, have
made for themselves a glorious record ; Virginia
Baptists have given to several other Slates their
divine ja-inciples, and preachers who constructed a
multitude of Baptist ebui'ches.

Vog'ell, Henry C, D.D., was born in New York,
June 1, ISOCi ; graduated at Hamilton in 1S27; or-
dained at Vernon, N. V.. in l.s.il ; |iastor in Gro-
toii, Seneca Falls, Elmira, and Umni', N. Y. ; re-
ceived the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Union
College, Schenectady. I)r. Vogcll has inlelleelniil
powers of a high order, and has reudcM'd important
services to the Saviour's cause in New York.

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IVACO

1197

WAFFLE

w.

Waco University, Waco, Texas. — In 1845,
wliuti there: were only 11200 15;i]itisls in the State,
they fouiideil Baylor UiiivorMity. i5ut Haylor
University was located in Southern Texas. At
that time tlio liloudy Comanche and wild Waco
Indians covered all the threat wheat region of Cen-
tral and Northern 'I'exa.s. And it became evident
in IS.').') that IJaylor University could not meet the
growing;' wants of the whole .State. Hence tlie
liaptists of Central Texas ori!i:ina[ed \\'aco Uni-
versity for •■ the Lirrat wheat and stock region'' of
a State seven times larger than Xcw York.

The president and" professors who inid condnctcd
Baylor University for ten years with so much ecldl,
ini|U'essed with the great advantages of Waco as
tlie seat of a Baptist university, resigned their po-

affection and confidence of the thousands whom
they have educated in Texas during the last thirty
years, and of many others.

Dr. K. C. Burhwon is the honored president of
this eminently useful institution.

Wade, Jonathan, D.D., was born in Otsego,
N. v., l»ec. 10, IT'JS. "lie was the first Hamilton
student." He gr;iduated in lS'2l2. Ho sailed for
Burinah from Boston in June, lS2.i. His literaiy
activity is remarkable ; he has pirpared a Karen
dictionary; he has aided in the tratislation of the
Scriptures into the language of tlie Karens ; he has
puljlished several books and tracts in the tongues
of the Burmese ami the Karens. \lr thinks with
clearness, he lives near to God, ami h(^ preaches
with powcu'. Hi' has been a missionary lifty-seven

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sitions in Bay'or, and .acoopted similar olfices in | years. He is held in honor l)y every Christiati in

Waco Universitv. Burn\ab, and by all the friends of missions in

Wai'o University liecame a success at once, ami ' Ameri<'a.

for the last eighteen yi>ars it has matriculated nmre Waffle, Pl'of. Albert E., A.M., was Ijoi'n in

stmlents than any university west of the Missis- Stc uIumi Co., X. Y., Nov. II, IS-Ki. He grailuateil

sippi River. at Madison University in 1872, having taken several

The city of Waco has over 10,000 inhabitants, who lionin's, among them the Seiuor prize for orat(U'y.

for ni'u-ality, relinement, and intelligi'nee will com- I After pursuing tlieulogieal studies in the seminary

pare favorably witli any city in Anu'rica. Wacr) is
justly (tailed '' the Atlu'iis of Texas," and next to
Kichmond, Va,, has the largest percentage of lia|i-
tists of any city in the world. It was the first
leading inslilution that ailopled the co-edncation
of the sexes.

The property of AVai'O University is estimated at
$,l.'i,000 in library, apparatus, telescope, buildings,
lamls, pledges, and notes. I'cnir brick buildings
two stories hiiih have been iM-eeled and liuished ;
and a strong idliu't will be nnide to erect this vi'ar
the grand cenli'al threci-story building, and add
$50,000 to the endowment fund.
• The president and professors of Waco live in the

he was calU^d to liemsen Avenue Ba|itist ciuircli
in New Brunswick, X. J., in April, l.H7,3. lie was
ordaiiH'd as the fn-st pastor of that church on May
20, and the lo'W cliuridi ediliee was drdieat<'d on the
same day. On the I'.Uh (d' the folluwing June, Mr.
^\^illle niarrieii Miss Mary 11. Harvey, daughter of
the l!cv. Ur. Harvey, of the Hamilton Theological
Seminary. Duriii'i the next seven years he labored
elliciently in New Brunswiek, baptizing 271 con-
verts, building up the chureh in t\\i: city, and
greatly developing its spirituality and benevolence.
A idose and tender attaidnnent was created between
pastor and ]ieople, which was wi.hdv shared by all
wlio know of the pastor's devotion, especially his

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WAGGENER

1198

WAIT

fellow-ministers, by wlioiii his character and tal-
ents were warmly afipreeiateil. In Au^'ust, LSSO,
Mr. NVallli; was invited to the Crozer prolesMorsliiii
of Ulieturio in the nniversity at [^I'wishiirir, and at
the same time to the pastorate of the ISaptist chnreli
of that place. Both positions wore accepted, and
in both he continues (1S81) to refider alile and
valued services. I'rol". Wallli! is a man of hi;^h
ideals, especially in all that pertains to spirituality
of life and character, a good scholar, a sound tlieo-
loj^ian, a clear, foi'cible, and impressive preacher,
and ii thorough and inspiring teacher. His mind
is characterized by clearness and range of intu-
ition, rather than by dialectic subtilty, or by strong
and spontaneous feeling, llis style is correspond-
ingly lucid and informing, rather than severely
argumentative or brilliantly imaginative. He baa
thus far published nothing but newspaper articles,
occasional sermons, and iusingle tract. The qual-
ity of these reveals powers of compositiun which
may yet do great service to literature.

Waggener, Leslie, LL.D,, president of licthel
College, Kussellville, Ivy., was boi-n in Todd Co.,
Ky., .Se|it. II, ISll. Ho united with a Baptist
church in his youth, anil has since remained an
earnest, active Christian. He grailuated at Bethel
College in ISGO, and the same year entered the
Senior class at Harvard University, graduating
next year. On his return from college he entered
the Sciuthern army as a private ; was shot through
the lungs at the battle of Sliiloh ; recovered, and
continued in military service until the close of the
war, having been promoted to the rank of lieu-
tenant. On his return home he became a teacher
in the preparatory department of Bethel' College,
and, after three years, was elected Professor of
English. In 1S73 was made chairman of the
faculty, and in 1877 lie was chosen president of
the college.

Wait, Samuel, D.D. — One of the most judicious
minislers of the .Slate is ac(;ustonied to say that Dr.
Wait did more for the development of North Caro-
lina than any man who ever lived in the State.
Whether this be true or not, it is certain that his
iniluenco upon the Baptists was very great and
very good ; and as the nnm to whom more than to
any other they are indebted for their State Con-
vention as the lirst agent of that body, and espe-
cially, as the founder of Wake Forest College, he
has laid his people ulider the most sacred obliga-
tions ever to cherish his memory with gratel'ul
nffection.

J)r. Wait was Ijorn in AVashington Co., N. Y.,
Dec. 19, 1780; was baptized in Vermont, March
12, 1«09; ordained at Sharon, Norlblk Co., Mass.,
June S, ISIS. Keeling the lu^ed of a better educa-
tion, he went to Columbian College, Washin;;t.'n,
D. C. It'seems that his diiiloma be.irs the seal of

Watcrville College, Me., though his course of
study was ]iursued at Columbiai\ College, prob-
ably beeanse the latter was not then empowered to
confer <legrecs. He was lor a time tutor in Colum-
bian College, and lirst came to North Carolina in
February, 1827, with Dr. Staughton, on a collect-
ing tour for the college. I'assing through New-
hern, l>r. Wait made a favoralile impression on
the Bajitists of the place, and he settled as their
pastor in November, IS27. It would seem that in
passing through North Carolina his mind was
looking to the development of the North Carolina
Baptists, for his journal shows that, soon after, in
Charleston, S. C, he asked Ih-. Manly if he did
not think a State Convention might be organized
in North Carolina. Ur. Manly feared that the
time for such a movement bad not yet come, but
we no sooner find Dr. Wait settled at Newbern
than we see him laboring for the accomplishment
of two things, — the organization of a Convention
and the establishment of a Baptist organ. The
Convention he was jjcrmitted to see formed, in
March, 1830, in Greenville, Pitt Co., and he was
not only present at its organization but became its
first corresponding secretary. For four years be
traveled over the State, preaching the gospel, en-
lightening the people as to the cause of missions,
removing prejudices, and uniting the disintegrated
Baptists into one body. So fully satislied was he
at this time of the necessity of a periodical that,
though no one knew who would |jublisli such a
jiaper, or when or where it would be issued, he
began to take the names of subscribers at once,
and thus piepared the way for the establishment
of the llecorder, which began a few years later. In
August, 1832, the Convention, sitting at Reeves'
chapel, Chatham Co., resolved to establish a man-
ual labor school at \Vake Forest, and a coinmittee
was a]ipointed lo secure a man from the North to
take charge of it. In December following the board
of the Convention met in Raleigh, and the former
committee having fiilcd to secure a mastiu' for their
school, a new committee, consisting of Wm. Hooper,
Thos. Meredith, John Armstrong, and Samuel
Wait, was a|ipointed, and three of this committee
recommended Samuel Wait for this position. Dr.
Wait accepted the a))[iointiiient, but was advised
to continue his agency "for the Convention, ns
the school was not yet i-eady to go into opera-
tion." The year 1833 was spent in circulating
information about the .school, in .securing students,
and furniture fir the new establishment. From
this time till June, IS-lh, a pei-iod of fourtciui
years. Dr. Wait was the president of this institu-
tion. In 1851 he became )iresiilont of ti female
school in Oxford, having spent the intervening
yearsasiiastor of Yancey ville ami Trinity (diurcbes,
in Caswell County. After live years' service in this

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WAK'R FOREST

1109

WAKl-J FORKST

position, lie retired to tlie liomo of his only eliiUl,
Sirs. J. U. Brewer, at Wake Forest CoUei^o, and
spent tlie eveninj; of his days amid the seenes of
his usofiiliiess, surrounded Ijy loviiij; kindred, and
honored and respected by all. lie died July 2S,
1807. The Statu Convention, which met in (iolds-
borough the next autuinii, exprcssKd the desire
that, as liis history would be lari^idy the history of
the denomination in Nortli Carolina, a niennjir of
him should be prepared by some suitable person.
It was understood that Judj;e John Kerr was se-
lected by his family to ijerl'orm this service, and be
expressed his wilIiMij;ness to undertake the grateful
task, but fiU' some cause it was never done.

Wake Forest College. — About ISHii much in-
terest was taken in many parts of the United States
in nnmual labor schools. In 1S32 the Baptist
State Convention, then less than two years old.

of the Lej;islatur(! by a considerable nuijority, but
was a tie in the senate, and was saved by the cast-
ing vote of Mr. Slosely, the president. In 18o'.)
tho college building was linislied. It was of brick,
13- feet long, 60 feet wide, and four stories high,
and cost soinetbing over $14,00().

I>r. W^iit was president till IS-Ki, when Dr. Wm.
Hooper was called to that position. Discouraged
by the heavy debts of the colhfge, he retired after
two years' service, when Uev. J. 15. White, a grad-
uate of Brown University, and a native of New
llanipshirc, became president. In 1853 he re-
moved to Illinois, and Prof. W. II. Owen was
chairman of the faculty until Juno, 1854, when
Dr. AV. JNI. Wingatc, who had been laboring for
two years to endow the college, became president,
and ccmtinucd to bold the position till his death, iu
Tebruary, IS7'J, — a )ieriod of twenty-five years.

H'.\KE FOREST COLLEGE.

bought a farm of fil5 acres, lying in Wake County,
sixteen miles north of Raleigh, forSlini.lO, and l)egan
a manual lalK)r school, under the name of Wake
Forest Institute.

In 1833 the Baptist State Convention, which
held a session of six days at Cartlrdge's Creek, in
llicluuond County, appointcil a board of I'orty
trustees, all of whom are now dead except the Uev.
Thomas Stradley, of Asheville, and lion, (.ieorge
W. Thompson, of Wake County.

In December, 1833, Dr. Saunirl Wait was cho.sen
as principal of the school, and Itcv. John Arm-
strong, one of the teachers, was put into the Held
to raise money to ecpiip the school properly. There
were no ailctpiate buildings on the |ihice, and but
little furniture on hand when the sclnxd began op-
erations in Fel)ruary, 1834, wiih twenty-live ))upils.
By August there were seventy pupils, and within
a little more than a year from its oi'igiii tin; in-
stitution was blessed with three gracious revivals,
atokenof the spiritual tone and jjower which have
marked the whole history of the institution.

In 183'J the manual labor system was aban-
doned, and a college charter was procured with
some dilliculty. The bill passed the lower branch

In July, 1879, Rev. Thomas II. Pritchard, D.D.,
was chosen president, and is working earnestly to
build up the college.

At tho opening of the war the C(dlege had an in-
vested endowment of about $8,0, 000, with bond.s
worth $30,0110 ; at its close, all was gone except
about $14,01)0 of railroad stock. It now has an in-
vested endowment of $48,000. Three good build-
ings, one of which, the one mentioned above, is
devot(-'d to dormitories; tho second, to chapels and
lecture-roonrs ; the third, to society-halls, library,
and reading-rO(jm. The last-mentioned building
was a (iresent three years ago, from Messrs. J. M.
Heck and John 0. AVilliams, of llalcigh, and cost,
with furniture, about $14,000. 'I'he second build-
ing was erected in 1879, and cost about $lli,OO0,
anil is called Wingate Memorial Hall, in honor of
the lato presid(Mit. The library contains about
800t) volumes, and is ImndMiriiely litlrd up.

The cidlege bail last vi'.iv IM students in attend-
ance, and its income was about $9000. Thirty-two
young ministers attended, wb() paid no tuition fees.
The whole college expenses for a year are a little
le.ss than $200. The faculty of the college consists
of eight members : T. II. Pritchard, D.D., president.

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WJKE.VAN

1200

WALDENSES

and I'rofussor of Mcn-ul I'hiloKdpliy ; ^V. tt. Siiii-
moiis, Pi'ofossor of Niitural Si;iL'ii(;e ; \\. Ivoyull,
l).l)., I'rofessor of Moilorii Liuij;iiiigc;n ; W. V>.
lldYiill, I'rol'cssor of (ji'Cck ; L. R. Mills, I'l-oi'oMSOr
of Matliunnitics ; 0. E. Tiiylor, I'rofcssor of Latin ;
W. I,. I'otinit, Assistiint I'rofossor of Niitunil Sci-
ence ; ami C W. Se:irlii}!-o, 'l'iit(ir (if MatlicniuticH.
'I'iii' cdili'^i; is iiiMily Out ol' ilehl, mul llio lust
year ( ISM)) lias been tlio iiuist |irusiieniiis ol' its
liistni-y.

llesiiios Walio I'orost, the liaptists of North
CaioliiKi liav(! t'X<'elleiit feiiialo sclionls in the
Cliowan Institnte; AV'ilson Seminary, of wliieh
]Mr. John 1>. Brewer, a f^randson iif Dr. Wait, and
a f^radnato of ^Vako Fiir('st Collej;;o, i.s |ircsident
and proprietor; 'rinniiasvillu Female Colle;^e, pi-e-
sidod over by Mr. II. W . Rinehart, who is also the
)iroprietor ; O.'cford Keiiiale College, of which I'rof.
J'\ J', lloli^ood is principal. In Ilendersonville
there is a nii.'icd school, known as Jndson C'olloj;c,
and, in ailditluii, tliere are male academies, such as
JieynoKlson histitnte, in (iates Connfy ; Cedar Creek
and Carolina Academies, in Ansiin (.'minty ; Salem
-Voadeiny, in Sauipsun County; W^irsaw llijih
School, in Dnplin Connty ; \'aill;in Institute ; ]^il-
liniiton Academy, in Harnett, an<l others.

Wakeman, Rev. Levi H., of Connecticnt ori-

ein ; htndicd in New Haven ; ordained pastor of
llie Third Baptist cluirch in Jliddlctown, Conn.,
ill IX l:!; buhseqiient settlements, First Baptist
eluirch in Woodstock, in .Stepney, and in Willini;-
ton, Conn., Three Kivers and Kast Lonmiieadow,
Mass. ; now residing; in StLimford, Conn.

Walclenses, The, are the most interesting peo-
ple ill Ihirope. Their history n'aches hack to the
period when popes jiathered armies withont diili-
tiilty to desolate prosperons Alliiiiinisian regions
of what is now the French republic, when the
Bible was almost an nnknown bmik, and when the
intellect and liberties of Eiir(i|ie were in shackles,
e.xcepr in the case of heretical heroi.'s, who were
treated as outlaws by the baiuled pric-sts and tyrants
of the Old \\^irld. ^Ve speak of this people with rev-
erenci;, and think of their loiij;; records of lidclily
and siilfc'ring with tender all'ecliiin.

There is nothing reliable about the Waldeiises
before tlie time lA' I'eter Waldo, of Lyons. It is
likely that in their cidebrated valleys a people who
hated Komish errors, and loved tin: atoning Savioni',
lived from the time of (Jlaiide, bishop of Tnrin, in
the ninth century. It is possible that such a ccnn-
niunity may have served Ood in ihiise seclndcd re-
treats froui a much earlier period. But we have
no clear testimony on this (nieslion.

Peter \Valdo, a wealthy oiti/eii of Lyons, was
converted aliout llliO, by a sudden death which
occurred at a ]iublic meeting which he attended.
He had an extraordinary desire to see the Wold

ol' Ood in a good translation, and for this purpose
he em]jloyed Stephen de Ansa and Bernard Ydros
to prepare him such a work in the Jiomance lan-
guage, lie first procureil the gospels, and then hy
degrees the entire Uible. lie also had ii collection
of choice sayings prepared from the early fathers,
on faith and practici!. Filled with the hope of
heaven, he distributed his property amoni; the poor
and soattereil copies id' his llible around, and con-
verts rewarded his /.eal and rejoiced the angels.
The archliishop of Lyons dcmnnieed Waldo and
his ellin-ts, but the seal of Christ was upon the
enterprise, and the gospel leaven worked mightily.
lie was compelled to leave Lyons, and many of
ills adherents followed him. He entered Dauphiny,
wIkm'c his labors resiilled in a great harvest of con-
verts ; by jiersecntioii lie was driven into I'irardy,
wdiore the gospel as the saving power of (iod pro-
duced the same heart-changing fruits ; from France
his disciples pressed into Italy, and the I'icdmontese
mountains, where the Protestant bishop of Turin
three centuries before had sowed the seed of the
blessed gospel, gave them a eom])arativcly secure
refuge from armed superstition ; I'l-om France the
reformer of Lyons proceeded to (Jermany, where his
usual reception awaited him from the ccniimon
jieople, and I'rom the jiriests and rulers. Somii
fifty years al'ti'r the death of Waldo there were
mnltitniles <d' heretics in .the districts of the Khine
and elsewhere in the fatherland of Liillier. At
Triers " then; were," says Neandcr, " three schools
of the lu^etics ; there seem to have been various
sects, it is true ; but the spread of German versions
of the Bible, and llii; doiUrinc of Ihe universal priest-
liooil (of (.'hristians), are certainly marks which
indicate the Waldenses." AValdo finally retired
to liohemia, where he led throngs id' men to Jesus,
who continued to uplujld the banner (d' the Cross
for generations. Altogctle'r the ^\'aldensian move-
ment was a manifest work of tloil, ;tnd its tri-
umphant progress gave the papacy the heaviest
blows and the greatest fears.

The Waldenses were not Albigenses, Kiithari, or
I'ateriiies. They lived fretpiently in the same re-
gions, and held many things in eommon with them,
but they had a dill'erent origin and birlhplace, and
came into e.\istence hundreds id' years later.

'file Waldenses were jierseciited with atrocious
cruidty, and hosts of them were wick(M,lly put to
death.

Thi^y have no writings older (ban the end of the
tw(dlth centniy. "The Treatise on Antichrist"'
and ''The Noble Lessuii" are suppnseil to have
been published at the close of the twell'lli century.

Their theology in most features is like the I'rot-
estant system of the present day, and it is a perfect
contrast to the sclicmu of Hume,

On baptism the Waldenses were divided. 'I'hero

UOf;

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WALKER

1201

WALKER

is roasjiii to hulicvo tliiit some of tlioiii pruL-tisnl in-
fant IjiiptisMi. It is not unlikely tlnit sunic uf tlieni
wcro Qinikers about liaptisni ami tin! Lord's Su|>-
jiiT. 'I'lio ininiisitor, Reincriua Sacclio, is tlio cliief
uuthurity uliout tlio AV'nJduuse.s, to whom he did.
not belong, and the AUiigenses, with whom he was
a nieuibor for seventeen years ; he stal<-'M about the
W'aldenses that '"they say a man is then lii'st bap-
ti/.nl wlien he is reeeived into their sect. Suinc <if
ilicin liultl that luiptisiii is of no use to little cliildica,
because tlieij aie not i/ct actnalli/ nlile to l/ilii-re'' (Qui-
Jam ooruni ba|)tismum parviilis non valere trailuiit,
CO quod noudum actiuilitcr credere possunt). (Al-
lix's "Clnirches of I'iedMuiut,'' p. HOC). Oxford,
iS2l.) The eelebratcil Hu I'in j^ives Ucinorius the
weight of Ills great U'arning and trnthl'uluess as he
quotes his statement, " And lirst about baptism
tiu:y say, that the jjrcliininary admonition is wcirth
notliing ; t/utt lite tras/tiiiij nj' infants is (;/' no dfail
to tlieni ; tliat the siiittics do not iiitdeisfanil tchal
the;/ answer to the priest." (11. -1S2. Ilubliu.)
There is no reasonable ground for doubting that
for a long jioriod the liapUsts were respeetalily
represented among the " Poor of Lyons,'' the " J^e-
ouists," the '■ \\';,ildeiisfs."

Tlie W'aldenses loved the Scriptures, could repeat
entire books with ease, sometimes the wliole New
'J'estaiiK'ut, and were extri.'jiiidy ao.xious to circu-
latr l>ibli;s, and to read them to njeu. iieinerius,
tlio apostate and papal iiupiisitor, gives the weil-
kninvii ri'preseutation of the A\'^aldeusiau peddler,
wlio, alter selling articles to ladies in splendid
homes, tells them ahuut a I'ieher Jewel, which, if
the situation is favoi'able, he |U'esents ; and they
see and sjicedily hear the Scriptures read and ex-
jiounded. The business of tin' traveling merchant
is undertaken only to make known the te'achings
of the liible. According to the testimony of their
greatest eni'mics they were humble, trutbltil, self-
sacriKcing Bible Christians.

lu l.O.ill, according to l)u Pin, the Waldcnses
united witli^ the llcloriners, and were ]jer»uaded
to j-encnmci; certain peculiarities which heretofore
they held, and to receive doctrines which till then
iiad been foreign to their creetl. This new arrange-
ment harmonized the reformations of the twelfth
ami' sixteenth centuries, and picjliably removed
liaptisc doctrines from the valleys of Pli'dnmnt.
This am;ient community is now Presbyterian, and
had its delegate in the recent Pan-Presbyterian
Council in Philad(dphia.

"Walker, Deacon Austin Martin, M.D., was

bcniL ni Putnam C.j., (ia., mi tin; otii nl' August,
LSll.'S. Ills early edin;ation was received from Wil-
liam II. .Si'w.ird, who at that time taught school lit
Pulntim (jounty. Mr. AValkin- graduated at the
State University, anil, whilst ri'siding in Athens,
coiuiecteJ himself with the Baptist church of that

city when he was seventeen years of age. On
leaving college he look a course of medical lectures
in Philadelphia, and afterwards practised medicine
there for four years. After his return to (ieorgia
he married and settled in Columbus, where he as-
sisted in organizing tile first Baptist church in that
city. III! was a planter. When ou his death-bed,
in 1S4(J, Deacon James Boy kin sent for Dr. Walker,
blessed him, jirayed that his own mantle might fall
on him, and rcrpiested that he should be nnnle a
deai'on by the church.. This was done; and Dr.
AV'alker cimtinued an active, zealons, pious, and
faithful ileacon the rest of his life. He was a
wealthy nnin, and gave freely to tlie cause of Christ.
He was a thoroughly conscientious man, and a
strict Bible Biiptist. He believed strongly in the
nniintenitnce of church discipline, and in orderly
I'hristian conduct. He was a close and earni'st
student of the Bible, and to his death, iit the age of
seventy, he was either a superintendent or teacher
in the Sunday-schmd. He regtihiidy employed min-
isters to preach to the .servant.s on his plantations,
and wdien pussible attending the meetings himself.
>So great was the devotion of his servants to him
that, even when emarn'ipated, they desired to sign
a )ia|ier, contracting to |(reserve the relation of
master and slave for life. Of course this was not
iloin.', but it sliowi'd how great was their love for
him, and their ennlidenee in him. The last years
of Dr. Walker's life \verc spent in .Macon, (la.,
where he was a deacon, his nimnber.ship being
transferred from ('ohnnluis. He died peacid'ully
on the ijd of June, KS7^, highly rcspeeted by all
who knew liiin.

"Walker, Hon. 'Charles, was one of those earl-
iest and most inllneiiliallv identified with the
growth of Chicago and the ^\'est. Born at Plain-
field, Otsego Co.. N. Y., in 1>02, early a Christian,
and always a Baptist, he had identified himself
with tln^ business' ami religious interests of Chi-
cago some years before he became a i-e^ideut there,
in 1847. In that year he united with the First
Baptist church, and until his tleath, in .lune, INliS,
lie was one of its most active, liberal, am', inlhnjn-
tial inembers. lie was identified from time to
time with some of the nnj.st important secular en-
ter|irises upon a large scale cmitring at (.'hicago.
•' The lirst shipment of any kind ni;ule t'rom that
port is believed to have been made by him. The
lirst shipment of wheat certainly was. The lirst
of the railroads running out of the city — the Ga-
lena and Chicago — owed its- early vigor largely to
his enterprise, cfjurage, and faith, \\hile his far-
seeing views contrihuteil nnieh to inspire those
other great undertakings which nuide Chicago at
length, what he always believed it would beeume,
the connncrcial centre and metropolis of the \Vest."
Mr. AValker, withal, was a devout Christian and an

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WALKER

1202

WALKER

earnest Baptist. lie was one of the founders of tlie
Univei'sity of Cliioago, and until liis death served
Ujion its board of trustees, while all the various
missionary enterprises of the denomination shared
in his sympathy, hl.s counsels, and his gifts.

Walker, Rev. C. W., was born in Ilolden,
Worcester Co., .Mass., Feb. l:i, IS1-I_; attended the
Worcester Manual Labor High Soho(jl, under the
|irineipalshiii of Dr. Silas liailey, where he was con-
verted ; stiulied at AVatervillc College, Me. After
being principal of several higii soliools and acade-
mies, ami rendering eminent service to tiie cause of
educatiini, he was ordained to the ministry Aug. 16,
ISDO, as pastor of the; church of Hssex, N. Y. In
1S02 he became jiastor of the First ISaptist eliurch
of North Stratford, N. II. In 1864 he was ap-
pointed chaplain of the 1st N. II. Heavy Artillery.
In 1,^78 he took charge of the churches in Little
Blue Valley and Joy Creek, Kansas. In 1880 ho
began to preach at NoHenburg. Mr. \Valker is pos-
sessi'd of scholarly attainments, ami as a teaelier
and preacher has accmnplished much good.

Walker, Rev. Jacob Garrett, A.M., wa.s born
at Falls (d" Schuylkill, I'lilladLlphia, I'a., Dee. 28,

REV. J.iCOn GARItKTT MAI.KER, A.M.

1840; baptized ;\Iarch 21, 1S5,S, by Rev. N. Jud.son
Clark; graduated from Philadelphia Central High
School in l.S.')8, and IVom tlie university at Lesvis-
burg, ['a., in 1862, .suljscqnently receiving the de-
gree (jf A.M. from Ijotli institutions. In January,
18(']3, bi-came principal of public schools at I'ho:;-
ni.xville, I'a., and continueil in that position three
years and a half; during part of this time sup-

plied the neighboring church at Pughtown, Pa.,
and subsequently became ])astor there until May
'SI, 1868, having been ordained Dec. 5, 1865. In
October, 1868, took charge of the church at Bal-
ligomingo. Pa., wdiere he renuiined until Novem-
ber, 1872, wdien ho became pastor of the Mantua
church, Philadelphia, Pa., where he still remains.
.Mr. Walker, while a must diligent and success-
ful |iastur, is also deeply interested in the general
work of the denomination. He lias done elHcient
service as president ijnd secretary of the Philadel-
phia Ministers' Conference. In liS77 ho was made
moderator of the Phihulelphia Baptist Association,
and since tliat time has been its clerk and the
secretary of its lioartl ol' trustees. Hi; is also a
member of various boards, and a curator of the
university at Lewisburg. He has written consider-
ably for the ])ress, lias been twice poet at Lewisburg
commencements, and was the poet of the Valley
Forgo Centeiuu-y in 1878. Since 1871 has been
editor of the " Baptist Year-Book." Ho is very
popular both as pastm- and preacher, has a clear
incisive mind, is a thurough-going Baptist, has
maintained an unbl(;mished character, and is uni-
versally' regarded as one of the wisest and best of
the Pliihidelphia Baptist ministers.

Walker, Hon, James Otis, was bom in Whi-
ting, ^ t., .Vug. 6, 1778. His native place was a ru;w
settlement, and had a sparse piopulation. Such,
however, was his thirst for knowledge that it is
said " ho used to lie in the corner in the evenings
and read, having only jiine-knots for a light, occa-
sionally going to school for a few weeks." He
held the oflice of civil magistrate for thirty years.
It is referred to " as a proof of the high estinuition
in whic;h he was held that, while he was a member
of the Masonic fraternity, and Whiting was a
strongly anti-Masonic town, he held his (dlice
through the entire struggle in respect to Jlasonry,
and such was the confidence i-eposed in his integrity
that none of his most bitter (Jpponents questioned
the propriety of his retaining his office." For
several years he ri;prescnte(l tin; town in the State
[..egislature. No man was more |)ublii:-spirited
than he. Calls were constantly made upon him
for aid to build churches, jiay ministers' salaries,
support benevolent aii<l educational causes, and' the
a[ipoals were not made in vain. "His pen was
often euiployod by public request in the preparation
of temjierance addresses, in wdiich reform he -took
a d(;ep interest." In his cdd age ho was paralyzed,
but amid all the decays of nature he keiit a gonial
spirit, and was busy anil active in his habits to the
last. He early connected himself with the Baptist
Church, and lived and died iu its fellowship. His
death occurred Nov. 27, 18.07.

Walker, Rev. Jeremiah, was born, in Bute
Co., i\. C, about 17-17. In early life ho was called

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WALKER

1203

WALKER

into tliu poaoL- of Cliiist and b:i|itized. lie pos-
sessed extraiirdiiiiiry talents as a tliiiikei- and as a
speukiii-, and ins sdoii liecaiiio a great jireacliei-. In
ITCi'.l lie tuok. chai-f^e of the Noltnway cluireli, Va.,
an<l in a tew years, assisted by brethren eulled to tlie
Saviour and introdneed into the ministry throiij;li
his inatrnnientality, he established Ijetween twenty
and thirty ehurolies sonth of the, James Kiver. He
\Yas ajiatnral orator, an exemplary (Miristian, and
a magnet to attract the love of men. lie was a
burnini; and a shininj^ liilht- 'lo was incarcerated
in Chesterfield jail for preaching without lawful
authority, and released with additional popularity.
His ministry had enjoyed the divine favor in a re-
markable measure, and its fruits were conspicuous
all over Virginia. He was tcmpteil and fell into
iinmoraHty, and after some years of Christian con-
duct he lapsi'd from purity again. On repenting
of his evil ways he embraced Arminian doctrines,
and advocated them even to the extent of schism
among his brethren. He was a great, and for many
years a good, man, and then a wreck in morals and
in doctrines. He died Nov. 20, 1792, a forgiven
sinner.

Walker, Col. John B., is a deaonn of the Ihiptist
church at Madison, Ga., and a nnin whose intelli-
gence, liberality, piety, and public spirit made him
widely known and highly respected. He was born
in Burke County in 1804 or 1805. Ho had the
best academical advantages. He studied law,
but never engaj^od in the practice, his large prop-
erty demanding all of his time anil attention. He
has given his thousands to the cause of ridigion
and education, .loining the church at thirty, he
has for nearly half a century been a useful church
member and Sunday-school worker. He was a
member of the lirst board of trustees of Mercer
University, as he was also of Mercer [nstitute.
Mercer University, the (Icorgia Female College,
the Madison Baptist church, and- many other good
causes have largely enjoyed the lienellt of his liber-
ality. During the war his large mansion in iMadi-
son was a hospital, 0|jen'cd freely for the beiielit of
all, and the entire means at his disposal woresulijeet
to the demands uf charity. In the Madison church
he has long been a pillar, and in tlie community
where he has dwelt lor seventy years no man stands
higher in jiublic estimation.

"Walker, Rev. Joseph, was iKirn in Delaware
Co., I'a., Feb. 14, 1787. He was baptized into the
fellowship of the First Baptist church of Wilming-
ton, Del., in 1806. He was ordained pastor of the
church of Marcus Huok in 18124, and for twenty-
four years he preached the gospel in that place.
In 1848 he became pastor of the Brandywine
cliundi, I'a., where he served the Liu'd with great
fidelity and suci'css for twenty years, lb' then re-
Bigned, and went to Pittsburgh, where he rested

from his labors in the house of his son-in-law. Dr.
'J'revor, Feb. 28, 1870. Mr. Walker was beloved
by the whole I'hiladelphia Association, of wdiich,
for some voars bcd'ore his death, he was the old('st
ministerial member. He was full of brotherly
att'cction and of the grace of Ciod. His Christian
life was a precious gospel sermon, and his death
was a heavy blow to a multitude of the friends of
Jesus. In his two lields of labor he was regarded
by Christians and unconverted persons as a tender
fathi'r, an Israelite indeed.

Walker, Rev. Levi, M.D., was born in 1784 in

Mas-sachusetts ; removed to Maine ; converted in
1804 ; for a time a Methodist circuit preacher; be-
came a Baptist, and united with the First Bajitist
church in Fall Kiver, Mass. ; still |ircached ; studied
medicine and was a physician ; became pastor of the
Baptist cliuroh in Warwick, 11. I., in 181G ) settled
with the Ba|)tist church in Preston, Conn., in
1819; in 1823 removed to a farm in North Stoii-
iiigton. Conn.; preached with success in various
places; organized the lirst Sunday-school in the
tuwn ; was the first iiiiuister of the 'I'liird Baptist
church in North Stonington ; acconiplished much
in his two professions; a man of talents.aiid toil ;
his wife, Phebe, a superior woman, died in An-
dovcr. Conn., Feb. 11, 1880, aged ninety-two
years; had three sons who became Bajitist min-
isters,— Kev. Levi, Itev. "William C, and Itev. Orin
T., — last two now living. He died Dec. 12, 1869,
aged eighty-live years.
Walker, Rev. Levi, Jr., son of Rev. Levi and

Phebe Walker, was born March 22, ISll; con-
verted in 1829; licensed to preach by the Third
Baptist church in North .Stoniiigton ; ordained
and settled as pastor in Tolland, Conn. ; served
churches in Massachusetts and New Hampshire ;
stricken by disease, died in Griswold, Conn,, Feb.
2, 1839, in his twenty-eighth year.

Walker, Rev. 0. T., A.M., was born in Pres-
ton, Conn., Feb. 1, 1.S22. He is a Pon of Hev. Levi
Walker, M.D. He studied at Hamilton, N. Y.,
and at Washington College, Hartford, Conn. He
entered the ministry when twenty-four, and was
ordained at Orleans, Mass. He was six years
]nistor of the Second church of New London,
(.'onn., where he baptized about 2(](). He was six
years pastor of the First church of Trenton, N. J.,
where during his oversight a large and splendid
<'hurch edifice was built, about 300 persons were
baptized, and the church was greatly strengthened.
He was six years pa.stor of Uuwdoin Sipiare church,
Boston, during which time In' ba|.li/.Ld nearly 3l)0.
'I'he church was alnio>t ready to disband wlu-n iMr.
Walker began his labors, but the blessing ol' (iod
altended the ellbrts of the new Jiastor, and the
faith and hopes of the church were soon wonderfully
enlarged.

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WALKER

1204

WALLACE

Mr. Walker has served as pastor in Cliicago, III.,
Meriileii, Conn., Providence, U. I., and in Orleans,
Mass. His present charge is tlie Harvard Street
cliurcli, Hostun, wliere lio lias lalmred five j'ears.
AVhen Mr. ^Valker entered npun his second pas-
torate in IJostun the inoetin.i^-lunise had been closed
for a time, and the congregation was, scattered ;
but nnder Goil the church has Ijeen blessed with
numerous and valnalde additions, and a good Sun-
day-school and an overtlowiiig prayer-meeting have
been gathered.

Mr. AV'alki'r is an indefatigable worker, ready
for any errand of mercy. \'ery popular among^the
sick, the jnourners weeping for their loved <leail,
and the happy oandiilates for the nuptial lilessing.

He is one of the laost usel'ul ministers in and
around Boston, whose labors have been greatly
blessed out of it as well as in it.

Walker, Rev. Sanders, was for juany years

one of the iiHjst useful pioneer mini.-.ti'i-s of (Geor-
gia. I5<n-u .March 17, I74l), in J'lini-e AVilliam
Co., \'a., he was a singular instance of tlie trans-
forniing power of God's grace. Of an unnninage-
able temper bclbre conversion, his heart and nature
were so changed by the Holy Spiiit that he was
ever afterwards distinguished f^r the nn'eknessand
gravity of his deportment. Among till wdn) knew
iiim the iiwe'y: Sunilcrs Wiilhir ^vas a proverliial ex-
pre^siiio. He began tu jireaidi in North (.'arolina
in ITi'T, and, about liuir yi'.irs aftiu'wards, moved
to a place ii\ Bute Oo., N. C, notorious for wick-
edness and igiuirain::e 'of ridii^ion ; but his Master
wa-. with him, and in ii shurt tien' a ei/nsiderable
cliunh arose under his miiii^liy. lie remnved to
(jeoi'^ia in 17712, and joined the Kiokee eloiieh,
being still uiuirdained ; but he must have becui or-
daiued )U'i(H' to May '-^"i 177-"), as his nann; iippears
on the I'rcsbytery whieh ordaiin^d Abraham Mar-
sliall at that time. In (ieorgia In' bdjored niostly in
V/ilkes t'ounty, where he resideil, and he is thought
to have been nuiiidy inslrumenlal in the constitu-
tion of Fishing (Jreek cliuiidi, thii lil'th fornn'd in
the State. He linished his course with joy, in the
si.xly-lil'th year (d' his age, in IsUfi.

Walker, Rev. William Carey, sou of Pa'v.

Levi and I'heln; (liurroughs) Walker, was liorn in
AVarwiek, Ii. 1., Dec. 24, IS IS; beeaiin^ a teindna- ;
convertiMl at the age (jf Iburteiui ; nulled with First
Baptist eliunli in AVe.steidy. R. I., in |S,';7; re-
moved lo N(n'th Stonington, Conn., in IS.SS, and to
ilaillin-d in 1S30; studied (or the ministry IVom
1841 to lS4r), preaching two years for South Wind-
sor church; settli^d with First Iiaptist church in
Groton, Conn., and Wiis ordained in June, 1S45;
remained live years; settl(!<l with the eliureh in
Willingtcin in IS.'jO; eontinued six and a half
years; seltled in I'utnain si.'v and a half yetus ;
entered the Union army as chaplain of the ISlh

Conn. Vol. Regiment of Infantry, serving one year
;ind ii half, till close of war; settled with New
Britain church, Conn., for about six years; every-
where favored with success and revivals; since
1S71 has been a missionary and Sunday-school
worker for the Connecticut I5aptist State Conven-
tion, four of the years with the Sunday-seiiools ;
always an evangelist in spirit; earnest and wise
worker ; active for education, temperance, ami anti-
slavery ; advocate of missions ; served on scdiool
committees; wrote largely lor the (Uuisliuii Scae-
tary, in tlie interests of the ehiirches and schools;
wrote the history of the ISth Conn. Vol. Regiment
of Infantry; for last two years has bei'n ii repre-
sentative from Aiulover, Conn., to the State [legis-
lature ; still serving the State as a missionary.
Mr. Walker is one of the noble-hearted, biborious,
biiiuired, and siu'eessful ministers ol' Conneeticut.

Walker, Rev. William P., was bom in .Lick-
son Co.. W. Va., .May 14, 1S34. In lSo5 he
married .Miss McClung, in Nitdiolas County, and
soon after united with the iMoiint I'leasant church,
tiuil beeame at (■nee an aetivi' worker. In a sluO't
time he was licensed to ])reach. and entered Alle-
irlianv Colli;ge, where lie remiiined until Isljl. He
was ordained, and preached in Nicholas and Fa-
yette ('oiinties until ISlio, wlieii he beeame pastor
tit Williamstown and Pleasant Valley churches, in
AV'uod County. He remained in this locality tiboiit
twidveyears. About 1S77 he removed to llunting-
ton, iind became pastor of a cliureh of not a score
of members, but which, under his faitblnl labors,
has grinvii to 1 111. 'I'lie ehiircli lias bought a par-
soimge worth .SHHIU, and is nuw nearly self-sup-
porting.

Mr. Walker has for many years been president
of the (ieneral .Association ol' the Stale, also agent
for Shellon College ; is one of (In: very best preach-
ers and pastors in the .Stale, and has always given
entire satisfaction to his brethren in every posi-
tion.

Wallace, Lady Craigie.— Chambers, in his

"])iimestic .'miiiils of Seotland" (ii. -\''>), says,
'•AV'lien; there had formerly been no avowed Ana-
baptists there were now many, so that thrice in the
week, namely, on Momlay, AVednesday, and l''ri-
day, thei'C were some dipped at Bonniiigton Mill, be-
tween Leitli and Kdinburgh, both men tiiid women
of good rank. .Some days there would be sundry
hundred persons attending that action, and fifteen
persons bapti/.ed in one day by the .Anabaptists.
Among the converts Wiis the Lady Craigio AVal-
lace, a lady in the west eounliy. In autumn, at
Cupar, Mr. Brown, ]ireacher tu F.iirl'tix's regiment,
reba])ti/.ed several of the sulilieis in the Ivlen, near
to .Airdrie's lodging, by dipping them over head
ami etirs, many of the inhabitants hioking on."
This was in 1002. Tliu doctrines of t^he Baptista

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WALLACE

1205

WALLER

were can-irii to Scotliiml by tlio Eiifilisli unny.
and their fonii of biiptisiii seemed atlnietive to the
eiuitious people of that country.

Wallace, Rev. Isaiah, son of Rev. James Wal-
lace, was liurn in llillsliorough, New Brunswick,
Jan. 17, l^'li'j. lie was converted early, and l)ap-
ti/ed by l!ev. Samuel Hhlcr in I84S. lie urad-
nateil froiu Acadia Ccdlriio in 1,S.")5, and was
ordained April li, 18.00. He became (lastor at
Jliramiehi in 1S5.S, at Carleton, St. John, in IbOU.
From 1S61, iMr. Wullaec held successively the pas-
toral odice in Nova Scotia in Lower (iranviUe, Mil-
ton, Yarnniuth ('(innly, and Berwick, and has been
ayent for the Home Mission B(jard. As jiastor
and evanffelist, his iabcjrs have been very success-
ful in New lirnnswirk and Nova Scotia.

Wallace, Rev. James, wasljorn Jan. 17, 1797,
at Hopewell, New Brunswick, lie was c<inverted
under the minislrj' of liev. Joseph t.'randall, and
l.iapti/.ed by him in IS2(). iMr. \Vanace's pastoral
and missiuuary labors in Albert, ^\'cstmul■clanll,
and KiuL's Conntii^s, New Brunswick, proved a
great blessing to the churches au<i jieople there,
lie preached successfully, and Ijaptized many eon-
verts in thesi' cdunties. lie died March 7, 1871.

Wallace, Hon. Thomas, was born in Peters-
burg, Va., Sept. 7, 1S1-; was educated at William
and Mary College and at the University of Vir-
ginia, lie practisi'd law, and was a member of
the State Legislature during the scssiojis of 185U-
i)\. It was mainly through his instrumentality
that the elegant' house of worship erected by the
Bajitists of IV'tcrsbui-g was com)ilcted. lie was a
member id' the I'irst idiureh of thatcitv Ibr a long
time, and one of its deticcjns, and the ellicicnt su-
perintendent of its Sunday-school. Mr. Wallace
Avas a man of wealth and inlluence, and ho used his
inllucuce and money for the cause of Christ, lie
died Jlay 14, 186S.

Waller, Rev, Edmond, son of Kov. William
Ednumil Waller, and brother of the distinguished
Kev. (leorge Waller, was Ijcirii in Spottsylvania
Co., Va., .Jan. 11, 177o. 'lie removed with his
p;iients to Kentucky about 1781, and settled in
Fayette County. lie united with the Baptist
chnreli at Bryaid's Station in 17'J8, and in 1801 he
removed to .Anderson County, and was ordained to
the ministry at Salt Iliver church. He traveled
and preached in the new settlements for some
years. In 18US he was called to Hillsborough
church in Woodford, and the next year to Mount
Pleasant in Jessamine County. With these and
some other churches in that region he laboreil
during the venuiiiider of his life. He was one of
the most popular and useful ministers of his gen-
eration in that part of Kentucky. He died in 1842.

Waller, Rev. George, son of Kev. "William Ed-
mond ^Vallcr, a well-known Baptist minister in

Virginia and Kentucky, and a nephew of the dis-
tinguished Uev. John Waller, of Virginiii, was
born in Spottsylvania Co., \'a., in 1777. He re-
moved with his lather to Kentucky about 1781,
locating for a short time in Ijincoln, and then
settling in Fayette County. In 1798 he removed
to Shelby County, and w;is Ijaptized by his fathiu'
into the fellowship of Buck Creek Baptist elinreh,
in that county, in 1801. He was ordaiiu'd in
181)2, and succeeded his father (who bad returned
to Virginia) in the jiiistorate of Buck Crc(di
church, a ))Osition he occupied lifty years. He
was pastiir of Bnrk's liranch church about forty
years, and of Bethel church a shorter pcrioil, and
he was a missionary to Louisville before tlieie
was a church in that city. He traveled over the
State, ju'citching in the interest of missions. He
was editor of a weekly Baptist paper published at
Bhiomlicld, Ky., about 1827, aiul was moderator
of Long Kun Association twenty-live years in suc-
cession, ]ireaclniig the introductory sei'uion beloi'e
that l)ody seven times. He was a sLiong, logical
preacher, and few men wm'c imn-e wiiluly known,
or exercised a greater inlluence in his State, during
his long ministry. He died in July, 18(1(1.

Waller, Rev. John, was bom in Spott.-yhania
Co., Va., on the 2.'id of December, 1741, and was a
descendant of the honorable family of Wallers, in
Ibiglund. His profanity aeiinircd for him the name
of " swearing Jack AVtiUei-," and his gcmual wick-
edness that oi' ■' the devil's iidjiitanl." He was es-
pecially bitter against the Baptists, and was one of
the grand jury that persecuted Kev. Lewis Craig for
preaching. Mr. Craig's meek address to the jury
arrested his attention and totndicd his heart. For
seven or eight juonths liis agony and remorse were
intense. At letigtb, having found peace in belic\ iug
in Jesus, immedialely he conferred not with (Icsh
and blood, but began to preach the faith which ho
had destroyed, serving the Lord with grettter zeal,
if that was ]iossible, than he had served Satan.
Traveling through many counties, he everywhere
attracted crowils of hearers and made many con-
verts.

He was soon nuule to feel the resentment of his
former companions in sin. In a letter dated " Ur-
baniia Prison, ^Middlesex County, Aug. 12, 1771,"
he gives an account of the iirrest and imprisonment
of himself and many others, and the cruel scourg-
ing of several by ''the magistrate and the jiarsoii
of the parish." " I liave alscj to inform you that
six of our brethren are coulined in Caroline jail,
viz.: Brethren Lewis Cniig, Jidm Burrus, John
Young, Edward Herndon, James (ioodriek, and
Bartholomew Cheming." Those days did indeed
try men's souls.

In I77o or 1776 he adopted the Arminian doc-
trine, declared himself tin independent Baptist, and

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WALLER

1206

WALLIN

■witlidrow from liis bi-ctliren. But in 17S7 lie re-
turned to his first love. The siiiue yeiir a. vei-y
^re;it revival he<;iui under iiis preuchiiig, and con-
tinued for several years, spreadinj^ far and wide.

In 17'J3 he removed to Aldieville, S. C. Jlere
his success, though considerable, was not equal to
that in iiis native State, llis last sermon, at the
funeral of a youn;^ man, wa.s from Zecli. ii. 4:
" Run, speak tu that young man." llo addressed
the young in feeble, touuliing strains, .saying that
it was his last sermon, lie spoke until his strength
quite failed, and thm tottered to a bed, from which
lie was carried home, and died July 4, 1802, in his
si-xty-second year.

He preached thirty-five years, bajitized more than
20UU jiersons, assisted in ordaining twenty-seven
ministers, and in constituting eighteen churehes,
and lay one hundred and thirteen day.s in four dif-
ferent jails, and he wa.s repeatedly scourged in
Virginia, lie now rests from his labors, and his
works followed hini.

Waller, Rev. John Lightfoot, LL.D., an

eminent preacher a,nd journalist, wiis horn in
Woodford t'o., Ky., Nov. 2,3, 1800. lie was edu-
cated under private teachers, and became one
of the best seludars in the State. At eighteen
he wrote "A Ohnrcli without a Creed," which
evinced remarkable genius. After teaching some
years in Jessamine County, he became editor of
the Baptist Banner about 183.T. Subsequently he
edited the Baptist Banner and D^tsltrn Pioneer,
ii weekly religious pjiper published at Louisville.
Ky. In this position he speedily established the
reputation of being one of the ablest editors of his
day. In 1840 he was ordained to the ministry, and
the next year was appointed general agent of the
(jeneral Association of Baptists in Kentucky. In
184o lie succeeded his father as pastor of (lliin's
Creek church, in Woodford (Jounty. In 1845 he
commenced the publication of the )Ics7ec/t Baptist
Review, a niontiily which took rank with the ablest
periodicals of the kind in the country. The title
■wa.s afterwards ciianged to the Christian Repnsi-
lunj. II(j continued its pu))lii'ation until his death.
In I84'J he was elected to a seat in the convention
that formed the presi.'ut constitution of the State
of Kentucky, and was said to have been the most
talented debater in that very able body. This was
the only civil office hcever sought. In 1850 he re-
sumed the editor.ship of the Baptist Banner and
Western I'ionecr. Mr, was the most jirominent
mover in originating the liiljle itevision Associa-
tion. In IS42 he held his celebrated debate on
baptism with llcv. Nathan L. Uice. He died at
his home in Louisville, Ky., Oct. 10, 1854.

Waller, Rev. Jonathan Cox, son of Kev.
George NV'aller, was born in Shelliy Co., Ky.,
March 24, 1812. lie united with Buck Creek

church, of which his father was pastor, in 1834.
He is a jiowerful writer, and has prepared much
for the religious press. In 1863 he [aiblislied a
book on the "Speedy Coming and I'ersonal Ueigu
of Christ," which ran through four editions. For
several years he edited th(' Western Recorder. He
was ordained to the ministry in 1879, but has not
yet taken charge of any church. He resides at
Pleasure llidge I'ark, Ky.

Waller, Rev. Napoleon Bonaparte, brother

of Ilev. John Lightfoot Waller, a very brilliant
and greatly lamented young minister, was born
March 24, 1S2G. He pr'ofessed religion at an early
age, and united with the Baptist church of wdiich
his father was pastor. He graduated at (jcorgo-
town College, after whicli he was ordained to the
ministry. On his way to Owensborough, Ky., for
the purpose of taking charge of the church at that
village, lie stoppe<l at Nicholasville, where he died
of cholera, Aug. I, 1S55.
Waller, Rev. William Edmond, son of A. D.

Waller, ami gi-andsoii of Ilev. (ieorge Waller, a
young preaclier of extraordinary gifts and of dis-
tinguished ]iiety and conversation, was liorn iu
Shidby Co., Ky., Nov. 17, 1845. He was educated
in the city schools of Louisville. He nniteil with
Long Run Baptist chuich in JeB'erson Co., Ky., in
I86G, and was licensed to preach the same year.
In 1868 he was ordained, and soon after he was
called to the care of the church at Jefferson town,
iii Jelferson County, and afterwards to Ilarrod's
Creek church, in Oldham County, to both of wliiili
he preached until his death. He perlormed iiiueh
valuable missionary labor, and for several years
was clerk of Long Run Association. He died
Nov. 10, 1878.

Wallin, Rev. Benjamin, was born in London,
England, in 1711. He heard the word of life from
his godly father, the Rev. Edward AV^allin, from
childhood, and in his young manhood he gavi; him-
self to the Saviour, and was immersed by his
fatlier, and received into the church of which ho
was pastor.

On Thursday, Oct. 15, 1741, ho was ordained
pastor of the Maze i'ond church, London. l>r. (jill
preached the sermon. Six ministers took part in
the service, and it lasted from 10.30 .\.M. to 2.45
P.M., — that is, four hours and fifteen minutes, 'i'he
ministry with which Mr. Wallin was invested he
honored for more than forty-one years, and during
that lengtiiened service the Saviour gave him signal
marks of his gracious favor. He died Eeb. 19,
1782.

lie was a man of sagauity, piety, Bible knowl-
edge, and of zeal that ijurncd like a fire. Ho was
a poet, a Scripture expositor, and a great worker.

His writings were numerous and valuable. He
was the author of forty-one works, one of which

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WALSH

1207

WALTER

was '' Eviuigelieiil llyiims (m Various Viowa of tlie
Chi'istiiin Lile.'' lie was a valued coiiespoiident
of President Manning, of ISrovvn University, mid
left it a bequest in liis will.

Walsh, Alexander S., D.D., was born in the

city of New York, Dee. 14, l.Sll. His fatlier was
fcu' a time an ollicer in tlie Enj^lisli aniiy. .Coming
to A mei'ica, lie was em|iloyeil by tlie great iiiereliant
A. ']'. Stewart, for whom l>r. ^Valsli was named.
His father removed to Miehigan and engaged in
farming. In 1854, under the patronage ol' an
uncle, he entered the Polytechnie Institute of
Brooklyn. He .soon returned to Michigan, and
while a more lad eommeneed s|ieaking publicly on
the great issues of the day, especially slavery. In
lSf)0 he eoiiimenoed study at Oherlin College. In
18(12 ho enlisted in the army, and towards the close
of the war was lioiionibly disehargi'd. He re-
turned to Oherlin, and was gradinited in 18ti6. He
united with a Congregational eluuch, and com-
meneed preaching in Norwalk, (>., organized a
church, and was (U-dained its pastor. In ISliS he
settled with a church in Kekoiiio, Ind. In iMJ'.t lie
accepted a position in Iwiierson College, Ala., which
he left for a tour in Kiiro|ie. On his return, in
1870, he joined the Baptists. He settled in Ja-
maica, L. 1., preaching, lecturing, and editing the
Liiiifj Inland Fanner. While in the ^Vest he edited
the Olieilin Court litcnrd, the Sludtiil, and was a
contributor to several Western papers. In 1872
lie accepted the pastorate of the (iethscinaiie (now
Willowliy Avenue) church, Brooklyn, where he
met with great success. In 1877 he was called
to the South cliuroli, New York, whore he was
eipially prosperous. IIo has baptized since joining
the Baptists oOlJ converts. The degree of I). I), was
conferred on him by Hillsdale College, Mich., in
1877.
Walter, Thomas U., LL.D., son of Joseph S.

and Deliorah \Yalter, was born in I'hiladelphia, I'a.,
Sept. 4, 1804. He was given the name of a former
pastor of his parents, — Thomas Ustick.

His taste for architecture and mathematics was
very early developed, and gave promise of future
distijiction.

His education was liberal. After spending some
time in the ollice of ^Villian> Strickland, Esip, he
pursueil an elaborate course of niatliennitics and
the study of the physical sciences, and also gave
special attention to the art of landscape-paiiuiiig
and the dilTerent brancdies of mechanical construc-
tiiiii. He re-entered Mr. .Strickland's olliee in 182S,
and devoted two years to the specific study of ar-
chitecture, the ]u-actico of which he began in 18liO.

His lirst iinfiortaut public work was the Phila-
delphia County prison (Moyamonsing). His de-
signs were approved, and he was appointed archi-
tect of the work in 1831.

His design for the Girard College for Orphans
was adojited by the select and common councils
of Philadelphia in 1833 ; and the corner-stone of

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TIIO-MAS U. » Al.Ttlt, 1.1. .11.

that magnificent building was laid with a|ipropriate
ceremonies on the 4th day of July of that year.

This imposing structure constitutes an enduring
monument to the liberality of Stephen Girard, as
well as to the skill and genius of ^Mr. Walter, who
planned it throughout and carried it on to coniplc-
liijii. It was linislied in 1847, luiving been four-
teen years in building.

During the progress of this work Mr. Walter
spent several nionths in (jlrcat Britain and on the
continent of Europe, visiting public institutions
and gratifying bis taste on classic ground.

Subsequently lie .submitted to the board of di-
rectors an elaborate report, which became their
guide in (inishing and fitting up the college which
now so admirably jirovidcs for the coml'ort, health,
and instruction of nearly 1000 boys.

In 1851 tlio designs of Mr. Walter lor the exten-
sion of the U. S. Capitol were approved, and he
was appointed architect of the work by the Presi-
dent of the United States (Millard Fillmore).

'I'liis appointment he held fourteen years, during
which time, in addition to his specific work, he
planned and executed the iron ilome which now
crowns the Capitol, the east and west wings of the
Patent Ofiicc, and the extension of the (ieneral Post-
olliee. He also designed the new treasury building,
the marine barracks at Brooklyn and Pensacola,
and the government hospital for the insane.

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WALTERS

1208

WARD

As cviilenciiij; the ostiiiiation in wliicli lie in lielJ,
booiiu.so of liis litoi-iiry ;iuil soiciitilic attiiiiimeMts,
it may bu stati'il that hi; i^ecrived tlie huiiorary
dcni'oe of Master (il' Arls, in I SI',), fi-uiii Madismi
University, N. Y. In lS5r), that of Jhiftor uf I'lii-
losiipliy IVoni tlie university at Lewislairj;;, I'a.
And in ISJT, from Harvard University, that cjf
Doctor of Laws.

Dr. "Walter delivered a course of lectures on
nrehiteetnre before the stmlents of Cuhuuliian
College, W-ashiii-tun, D. C, in IMJO. He also de-
livered many other popular lectures in Philadel-
jihia anil vicinity, at one time holdini; a profcs-
S(-ir»hi|.i of Arehiteeture in the Franklin Institute,
and lecturin;; on his art fur two sueeeessive seasons.

He has been a member of the American I'liil-
osophieal Society foi' nearly forty years, and of
the Franklin Institute lifty years. He was also
one of the original memher.s of the American
Institute of Architects, and is now (1879) its Inni-
ored president.

He nnide a public profession of relijiion in 1S20,
bavini;; been baptized July 12 of that year in the
river Sehnylkill, at Spruce Street, by the Kev.
John C. .Murphy. On the sanu! ilay he was publicly
received into tlu; membership of the .'Spruce Street
Baptist eluirch, then worshipinu; temporarily in
the court-house at the corner of Sixth anil t'licst-
nut Streets, their meetini;-housc on Spruce Street
luit beiui; completed. He was many years clerk
of this church, and also superintendent of the Sun-
day-school.

When he removed to 'W^isbinnton, D. C, to
take charge of the Capitol extension, he also re-
moved his letter to the E Street Baptist church.
His connection there was rich in fruits of widl-
directeil elfort, and will loni^ be rememhered by
many, especially liy a Bible-class of more than
fifty young men, upon whom he left the impress
of his own Bible-loving spirit.

Upon returning to Dhiladelphia, he became one
of the constituent members of the Si^cond 15a|itist
church of tb.'rmantcwn, in which he lilled the ollice
of deacon.

More recently he removed to atMther part of the
city, transferring his membi'rship to the .Memorial
Baptist church. Hero again he was called to the
deaconshii), and anH)ng liis loveil associates he yet
lives, enjoying the [irivileges and activities of a
Cliristian life.

Walters, W. T., D.D., a conspicuous man in his
day in the manageiiuMit of Baptist aifairs in Nortli
Carolina, was born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., in IS'25.
He was ba|)ti7.e'd bv Kev. J. L. I'riehard, and by
liim inllueiu:ed to liecome a student in Wake Forest
College, wdiere he gra<luated in 1.S48. He soon
after became tutor, tind in a year or two was
made Professor of Alathematics in his abua inalt-r.

He remained in this jiosition till the exercises of
the college were suspended by the war. lie was a
trustee, and for the last two years of his life treas-
urer, of the eollege, but was not again connected
with it as instrne-tor. In 18tJ7, Dr. ^\''alters became
corresponding secretary of the Baptist State Con-
vention, and did good service for three years in
organizing the mission work of the State.

He was three times identified with the |iress. In
ISCiT he ymreliascd, in connection with i\Ir. J. II.
Miljs, the liililical Recorder, his interest in w hich he
transferred to his paitinu' in a few months. He
edited the Farmer's Junriidl, under the management
of Gen. Johnston Jones, and for several years he
was the valuable agricultural editor of the lilldieal
Recorder. He was one of the best farmers in the
State, and was a ]U'eaclier of much vigor. The
churches .if Littleton ami Wilson owe their exist-
em.'c tu him. Ilt^ iljed Dec. 31, 1S77.

Walton, Rev. W, A., was bom the slave of
Col. James iMann, Mar(di 17, ISoO, in Morgan Co.,
(ia. He was emiverted in ISal'), and was baptized
into the lidhnvship of .\ntioch church, Morgan
Co., Ga., Ijy Uev. J. Stillwell. Having removed
to Texas, he became a member of the Washington
church, ccnnposed both of white and colored per-
sons, under the ministry of Lev. .Michael Koss.
Under tiie preaching oi Sir. Ross he stored his
memory with passages of Scriptures in a wonder-
ful degree, imitative of the mental habit of the
preacher, who had lieen reared in Englanil in the
state church. Under the (jastorate of llcv. .lames
K. Paxton he was in ISGti licensed to preach the
gospel, giving promise of- great usefulness. He
first went to school one month to Mr. Watt Bon-
ner ; second, two weeks to Samuel Carroll ; third,
to J. H. ^Vasllington, two days ; fourth, to Dr. "W.
C. Crane, at Baylor University, lnde|ieiidence, two
months, lie has had the |>astoi'al care of five
(duirches, and has the jiastoral care of four at
this time,- — Andeison, Grimes Co., with a memljcr-
ship of -73; Navisota, same county, membership,
44.^ ; Washington, Washington Co., meinberslii|i,
3l).3 ; Hempstead, ^^allerCo., membership. 3S5 ; to-
tal membership, 13fi8. He has ba|itizeil Mi.J per-
sons since he has been (u-dained to the gospel
ministry. No colored minister in Texas draws
larger congregations at all times to hear him, anil
no one ('xerts a better general inlbieiice over his
race for time and eternity than W. A. Waltnii.
He bids fair for a long life of usefulness.

Ward, John, LL.D., was born in London, Kng-
land, in lti7'J. Hi-, laiher was a Baptist ministiu',
and he belonged to the congregation of l)r..J. Sien-
nett, of his native city. He possessc-d leiirning of
the highest order, and loved the acquisition of
knowledge with an intense alfection.

In 1720 he was elected Professor of Uhetorio in

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WARD

1209

WARD

Oresliftm Collejio, Loiiduii ; some tiiiio after, a
iiieiiiber ol' tlio Uoyal Society ; and in 1752 one of
its vicL^pi-esiJcnts. Tlio University of Edinburgli
uonferrcd on liiiii tlio dej;ree of LL.D.

lie was tlie antlior of '' The Livot; of tlie(!reKliam
.Professors," of " 'J'liu Westniinstcn- (ireek Grain-
inar," and of otlicr works, lie aideif llursley in
his '' Jiritaiinia lloniana," and Ainswortli in his
" Dictionary." Ilis information embraced almost
every snbjeet, and his character for piety, modesty,
and nsel'ulness made him an lionor to onr deifomi-
nation.

In 1754, Dr. Ward put £1200 of bank stock in
trust for the education of two or more younj; men
for the ministry in a Scotch university, or else-
where. In 1876 there were four brethren aided by
this fund. Some of our most distinijuished En<£-
lisli ministers have received assistance from ■' Dr.
"Ward's Trust." The founder of it died in 1758.

Ward, Prof. Milan L., was bom in Meredith,
N. Y., in 182',l. lie irraduated at Madison Uni-

PROF. MII.A.V I.. WARD.

versity, after wliieh he tanjjht in Norwich Acad-
emy, then in Southampton Co., Va. In 1800 lie
was called to the chair of Natural Sciences in the
Delaware Literary In.stitute. In 1802 ho became
principal of Norwieli Academy, which position ho
held until 18(i'.), when he resigned. Under his
administration the academy rose frtun a very low
position to one cjf the liij;hest rank, standinu; liftli
among the two hundred academies in the State of
New York. From 1809 to 1873, Prof Ward had
charge of the educational department of Ottawa
77

University, Kansas. In 1873 ho was elected Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and English in the Kansas
State Agricultural College, whii;h position he still
holds. He is also loan commissionei', librarian,
and, in the absence of the ]u-esident, acting presi-
dent of the c()llege.

•■ From tlie commencement of his religious life the
predominant desire in Prof. Ward's In.'art has been
to be useful while he lived. To this end Uawurketl
his waij through college. He took a theological
course, and was ordained to lalior as a missionarv
preacher among the destitute cluirches in Soiith
ampton Co., Va. But he soon became convinced
that teaching, rathiir than preachitig, should be his
life-work. His highest ambition is to be recognized
as a Christian educator.

Pruf. Ward takes an active interest in church
and denominational work, and has held for three
years the oiliee of secretary of the Kansas Baptist
Convention.

Ward, Gov. Samuel, was born in Newport,
U. I., May 27, 1725. He was the second son of
Gov. Itii-luird ^Vard, and a lineal descendant of
Roger Williams. He removed in early manhood
to Westerly, U. I., and met with great ))ecuniary
success in the agricultural and mercantile pursuits
in which he engaged. He represented his adopted
home for several years in the General Assembly
of Rhode Island, and took a prominent part in its
deliberations. In 1701 he was appointed chief jus-
tice of the colony, and in IMay, 1702, was chosen
its governor. He took a great interest in the
founding of Rhode I.'iland College, and was one of
its trustees from 17G4 to 1770. In 1705 he was re-
elected governor. When the Stamp Act, so in-
famous ill the eyes of the colonists, was passed,
and the governors of the colf>iiies took an oath to
sustain and enforce it, Gov. Ward alone persisted
in his refusal to yield compliance. Once more he
was chosen governor of the colony. At the end
of his third term he retired to comparatively pri-
vate life, but was a thoughtful observer of what
was transpiring in the country, and took a decided
stand from the outset against the oppressive acts
of the British crown. He, with Stephen Hopkins,
represented the State of Rhode Island in the Con-
tinental Congress of 1774, and advocated the most
vigorous measures against the encroachments of
Parliament. When alfairs reached a crisis, in con-
sequence of the blood slii'd at (.'oncord and Lexing
ton. Gov. Ward's counsel and advice in Congress
were received with great deference. He was al-
ways called to the chair when Congress went into
a committee of the whole. He was chairman of
several important committees, and among them
that which was appointed to nominate a general
for the American army, and lie reported the niimo
of Col. George Washington. His suii, Capt. Sam-

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WARD

1210

WARDER

iiol Wanl, occupioil ;i iiruiiiiiii'iit [iDsitioii in tiic
Uevdlutiuiiiu-y luroL'S, mid ciijuyi'll the iiitiiiKito
lVieMilshi|i of tliu eumiriiiiiiier-iu-cliicr. Thf; wliulc
uoiirso of Ciov. Ward tl]i'uu,ij;li tliu curly stai;es of
tlio llovdlutidii ishowed liiiii to l)e a true iiatriot,
ready to make any ami every sa(;rifice for liis conn-
try's welfare. Had liislile and health lieen spared,
lie would have eontiuuid to devote lnnis(df tu (he
cause in which he liad embarked " his life, his for-
tune, and his sacred lionor." In the midst of ar-
duous duties, which must have taxed his energies
ti> their utmost, he was attacdied with the small-
|iox, and died March 25, 1770. In eonimnnicating
the sad intellif^x'nce to the sceii'tary of the State
of Rhode Island, his colleague, Stejihen llopkins,
says, among other things, " lie will he carried into
the great Presbyterian meeting-house in Arch
■Street, where ii funeral discourse will be delivered
I)}' the llev. Samuel Stillman. The corpse will
from thence be carried to the Uaptisl burying-
ground in tliis city, and there interred." John
Adams also writes, " Gov. Ward was an amiable
and a sensible man, a steadfast friend to his coun-
try, upon very pure principles. His funeral was
:ittonded with the same solemnities as Mr. Ran-
dolph's. jMr. Stilhnan being the Anabaptist hero,
of which |iersuasion was the governor, was desired
by Congress to preach ii sermon, which he did with
great applause."

The body of Gov. Ward \yas interred in the
grounds of the First liaptist clmrch, in Philadel-
phia, and a monument erected (jver his remains by
order of the Rhode Island General Assembly. In
1860 the body was removed to the cemetery of
>iew]iort, R. 1.

Ward, Thomas, was the eldest son of John
"Ward, who had been an otlieer in one oi' Crom-
well's cavalry regiments, ami, emigrating to Amer-
ica from Gloucester, lOnghind, alter the accession
of King Charles II., he settled in Newport, 11. I.,
where he die<l in April, 1G'J8. His son Thomas
preceded his father in taking uji his residence in
Newport, arriving there not far from IGOO. For
his second wife he married Amy Smith, grand-
daughter of Uoger Williams. Backus says of him,
"That he was a Baptist before he came out of
Cromwell's army, and a very useful man in the
colony of Rhode Island." For one year — 1077-78
— he was gcTieral treasurer of the colony under the
royal charter of Charles II. His descendants were
among the most distinguished citizens of Rhode
island. His son Richard was governor of the col-
ony, 1741—13, having previously been secretary of
state for nineteen years, 1714-33. His grands(jn
Samuel lilled the highest posts of hoiu)r which his
fellow-citizens could confer on him. A son of
Samuel was secretary of state for thirty-seven
years. The widow of Thomas Ward, already re-

ferred to as the grandilaughler of Roger Williams,
married Arnold Collins, and their son, Henry Col-
lins, who was an extensive mendiant in Newport,
R. I., became so good a patron <if letters that he
was called by Dr. Ueni;iniin W'atcrhouse '■ the
Lorenzo do' Medici of Rhode Island."

Ward, Rev. William, the third of tlni famous
Serampore ti-iumviiate, was born iit Derby, Eng-
land, on Oct. liU, I70'J. He served an apprentice-
ship to a printer in his native town, and for a time
cdite»l with ability the Ih'ilii/ Mcrrurij. He subse-
quently edited newspapers at Stallbrd and Hull.
In August, 171)6, he was converted, and joined the
I>a|itist clinr<l] in Hull. His great talents could
not be; hid, and, at the instance of a benevolent
IViend, who nndertoid< t(i pay all his e'.xpenses, he
renounced jourinUism, anil placed himself under
the tuition of the Rev. I)r. Fawcett, at Kuooil Hall,
\orUshiiM'. Hearing some months allei wards tloit
the .Missioruiry Society wanted a printer In print
the liengalee translations of the Scriptnro, he of-
fered himself, ami was gladly accepli'd. In RSI I,
Mr. Ward published the first edition of bis popular
and most valuable work on tin; Hindoos. Kxp<:ri-
etice has fully corroboi'ated his statements, and it
remains one of the standard books on the subject.
Mr. ^\^lrd visited England in ]81'.l, ami was inces-
santly occupied with [inblic engageno'iits. He was
the lirst missionary who had ever returned IVom
the East. Ilis wiirm and aninuited addresses were
well adapted to move popular assemblies. ID; also
visited Holland, and then proceeded to this country,
where he spent three months, and raised $10,000
for Serampore College, lie was every wdiere greeted
with the warmest welcome. Whether in the pul-
)iit or on the platform, he was immensely popular.
He returned to India in ISlM, and, after a brief
illness, died on March 7, 1823, aged lifty-three.

Warder, Joseph W., D.D., was born in Logan
Co., Ky., Oct. 13, 1825. lie united with the Baptist
church at Georgetown, and was licensed to preach
while attending college at that place, where he
graduated in. 1845. He taught one year in the jiri-
mary department of that institution, and was elected
to the chair of Mathenjatics, but declined the posi-
tion and entered Neuton Theological Scminai'y,
wdiere ho graduated in 1840, having meanwdiile
spent some time at Princeton Theological Seminary.
He was ordained to the ministry, and was a short
time pastor of the Raptist chui'ch at Franlvfort, Ky.
From 1851 to 1850 he was juistor of the church at
Maysville, Ky. lie then removed West, and at
difl'erent periods was jiastor at Lexington, iMo.,
Atchison, Kans.as, Kan.sas City and Clinton, Mo.,
and Lawrence, Kansas. While at Clinton he was
for a time financial agent of William Jewed 1 Col-
lege. In 1875 he returned to Kentucky and
acee[ited the jiastorate of Walnut Street Baptist

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WMU)i:n

1211

WARNK

cluiroli, ill Louisville, lie is now one of the load-
iiii; ministers of tlie Soiitli,iinJ is di.stiiijfui.slied fur
lii.-? Icaiiiiiii^, jiiuty, and jjulpit ability.

Warder, Rev. Walter, sun olMusi'|ih Wai-dcr,

a noted pioneer of Kentnc-liy, wiis born in l';iii-
qnier (!o., Vii., in IT'ST. He removed xvitli bis
liitber to IJarren Co., Ky., abtjnt 1S(I7, and tlie
same yrar niiili',l witli l>ri|]|)inj^ .Sprinj; iSaptist
ebiireh. He <-aiiiu up out of tlu^ liaptismal water
e.Kliortin!^ .sinners to repent, and li-om that time
until Ills deatli was one of the must zealous, labori-
cius, and ellieient ministers in Iventueky. He was
liidained as pastor of Duver ehnreli, in iJarrcni
runnty, about hSll. In lSl-1 lie arcepied tbe ])as-
torate of JMaysliek cluireb, in Mason Co., Ky.,
uliicli position lie tilled until bulinisbed biseourse.
He preaebed e.xtensively tbronj;li(iiit tbe territory
of Bracken Association and tbe adjacent parts of
tbe State of Obio. Dnrinji a pastoriite of tw laity-
two years tbere were reei'ived into Maysliek ebureb
1015 meml)ers. In tbe year 1828 be baptized into
tliat oliureh 48.1, ami in tlie bounds of liraeken
A.ssociation more tlian lOUU. Ho died in Missouri
in 18:!0.

Warder, Rev. William, brotlnr uf Walter
Warder, and I'lpially brilliant and useful iu the
jfospel ministry, was born in Fauquier Co., \'a.,
Jan. 8, 178G. At tbe ai^e of nineteen be went with
his brother, tbe late Uev. Jolin Warder, of Mis-
souri, to 15arren Co., Ky. Ifo was baptized at the
same time and place with bis brother Walter, and
like biiii bei:;aii to preach almost iiumediatcly after
bis baptism. He was licensed in 18()'J and was
(M-dained in 1811. For about eij^lit years he i;ave
himself to traveling and preaching over the e<'ntral
|jart of Kentucky, Irom the 'feriiiessee line to tbe
b(n'der ot Ohio, with great success in winning souls
to Christ. In 1820 be aceepteil a call to the eliurch
at Kussellville, and soon afterwards to the ohurehes
of (jilasgovv and Ihiwling ( Jreen. In 1821 bo mar-
ried Jliss Margaret, sister of tbe late (Jov. Charles
S. Morehead, of Kentucky, and settled near Kus-
sellville, whin'e lie spi-nt the remainder of his
earthly pilgrimage, except one year passed in Nash-
ville, Teiin. He possessed superior gifts as a
preacher, ami was .a man nf enlarged views and
active enterfirise. He organized an "Fdui-ating
Society" at llussellville, and thus laid the founda-
tion of Bethel College. He was largely instru-
mental in organizing IJctbel Association, in 1824,
out of a small missionary element in old lied liivcr
Associati(ni, wliieh at its thirtieth anni\ersary (con-
tained an aLTgregate membership id' 7000, and had
erected two prosjierous colleges. He died Aug. 9,
18:iG.

Ware, Rev. James Ag'new, M.D., an mninent

physician and preacher in Pontotoc Co., Miss., was
born in South Carolina in 1804. After stmlying

medicine and obtaining his degree be hecanio im-
pressed with tbe duty of preaching, and during liia
long life, wliile actively engaged in the practice of
medicine, he was assidu(jus also in liis ministerial
I labors. He was lu'ilaincd in I8i!4. He removed to
I'ontotoc Co., Miss., in 18^)0. .\t this time there
weie few niinist(u-s and churches in North Missis-
sippi. In his own neighborhood there was butone
preacliing-place, — the I'resliyterian mis.sion station
among tbe Indian^. Among the foremost and most
active of tbe few ministers flien on the grouml, he
gathered, in ISii7, a church (tailed 'roksbish, near
Ucd Land, td' which be became the first pastor, and
almost the only past(n- during his life. From this
mother-church "sprang a number of others, and
many ministers went out irom it under the foster-
ing care (d' Dr. Ware. He dieil in 1805.

Warfield, Rev. William C, a learned and bril-
liant preaclier {jf Kentucky, was born in Le.'iing-
toii, of that Stale, in 17'.iti. ^U'ter a ]ire|iaratory
course lie entircil Transylvania University, remain-
ing six years. About tbe end of the term be bad
an unlortuoate altercation, which resulted in tbe
scritais injury of a comrade. In tbe confusion that
ensued young Warfield fled from home iind went to
ISardstown, Ky., wdiere ho commenced reading law
under the distinguished .Judge J(dm llowan. Soon
after this he was convcrleil tn Cbidst, rcturiieil to
Lexington, and united with tbe Baptist church,
where he was licensed to preach. He then spent
two years in Princeton Theological Seminary,
lleturning home, be was ordained, and, after spend-
ing a brief period in iireaching around Lexington,
he settled within the hounds of Bethel Association,
where be spent the remaimler of bis life. His
labors were blessed to tbe instruction cd' the young
cburcbes, and lie was greatly beloved and honored
among them. He died Nov. 3, 1835.

Warne, J. A., D D,, was bom in tlie city of
London, Ihi^laiid, in tbeyear 17'.I5, and at an early
age united with tbe Little ^\'ild Street Baptist
church of that great city. After receiving a
thorough education at Stiqmey (Jollego, be olfcred
himself as a foreign missi<niary, but was compellcl
to ridinquish bis piir|iosi' in that direction owing
to feeble health. Determined to do the next best
tiling, he cami! with bis wife to this ctamtr^', ami
settled in North (jarolina. AVbile in the Sniitli be
was pastor at Newbern and principal of Imwan
Academy. Compelled again by ill health to make
a change, be came North, and was stated supply or
pastor of the First (dinrcli. I^rovidenee, U. L, South
Heading and Bri;ukline, Mass., ami .Saiisom Street,
of Philadelphia. About tbe year 1845 he went out
of the pastorate, and has since lived in retirement.
He was not idle, however, in religious things. It
was he who edited the IJaptist edition of tbe "Com-
prehensive Commentary." In iiis own neighbor-

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WARREN-

1212

WARREN

hood, far out in the sulmrlis, he lias always been
engaged in Christian work.

Tlie peculiar leuturo about his life, and that which
gives it special nobility, was his consecration to the
cause of foreign missions. Unable to go hinisell',
he was deeply interested in sustaining tluise who
could go. When Dr. I'l-ice's children came to this
country, and their own relatives i-i fused to receive
them because their mother was a J5urnu>se woman,
lie took them under his roof and gave them an
education. Since his retirement from the pastorate
lie has occupied himself in making and saving
money for foreign missions. His little farm be-
coming valuable on account of the growth of the
city, he sold out parts of it to advantage, and re-
invested the money in houses. Some time before his
death, which occurred early iu J8S1, feeling that
his life was near its close, and wishing lo save the
expense of an e.xecutor and the State tax on willed
property, he made over his entire estate to the JMis-
sionary Union, accepting in return only a small
annuity for liimself and wife. The estate will
jirobably amount to S40,(K)U.

All this shows the power of a consecrated pur-
pose. Ih'. Warne would have been glad to be a
missionary ; but wdien that was denied him, he did
not forget that he had given hinisell' to the mission-
ary cause, and determined to do his best to provide
the UK'atis of sending others. In order to carry
out this pur|iose as fully as ]iossible he siibjecteil
himself to the closest -economy.

Warren, Gen. Eli, a lawyer of eminence, re-
siding at J'erry, Houston Co., Ga., still engaged
(18SU) in practice, although nearly eighty years of
age, was born in Burke County, Feb. 27, 18U1.
His father was Josiah Warren, whose descendants
occupy honorable and useful positions in Georgia.
Early left an orphan, \\V\ Warren was yilaced
under the care of his eldest sister and Inn- husliand,
lli.'V. Charles Culpejiper, a l!a]jtist minister, who
instilled correct principles into his mind, which
preserved him from the vices (if that age. They
gave him the best educational advantages of the
day. Choosing the law for hi.s profession, he was
admitted to the bar in 182.3, and has continued in
its successful ]iractice ever since.

Gen. Warren was frerpiently sent to the State
Legislature by his fellow-citizens _in his younger
days, and was elected brigadier-general of militia in
1828, a jmsition at that time of some prominence.
Though urged to do so he lias declined all other
otlices, devoting hinisidf to his profission. In the
winter of 18:!'.)-4(I he settled in I'erry, Houston
Co., and at present no man in his section stand.s
higher in public estimation. He has long been
distinguished for his legal ability; has always
been considered a most amiable man, noted for his
benevolence and hospitality ; and his life has ever

been pure, sober, and honorable; he has endeav-
ored invariably to do good to every one, and es-
|iecially to young men, hundreds of whom he has
aided by material assistance and advice, ami by
impressing on them the im|iortance of honesty,
temperance, and truthfulness.

(ien. Warren has always acted on the princijile
that it is better to>;ive to an unworthy object tlian
fail to help a good one. He has always been a
decided Baptist in principle, but never uniti'd with
the church until October, I8G9, since wdiicli time
he lias been a pious, active, and liberal church
memlier. His hospitality knows no hounds.

Warren, E. W., D.D., was born in Conecuh
Co., Ala., iMarch IG, 1820. Under the careful in-

E. W. WARREN, D.D.

struction of his father, the llev. Kittrell Warren,,
a man of strong natural ability and unusual ora-
torical powers, he acquired an ordinary English
education, while at the same time spending the
niost of his time in assisting in the cultivation of
the farm. For three or four years, and until he-
was twenty-three, he a|>plied himself with great
diligence to study, and then entered on the practice
of law, having formed a copartnership with his
uncle, the Hon. Lott Warren, a distinguished jurist
of Georgia, and at one tiun- a no-mbcr of Congress.
In the pirosecution of liis profession he met with
gratifying success, and continncil it for live or six
years. In September, 184.5, he united with the
Baptist church at Starkville, Ga., taking an active
part in all the services, and supplying in a meas-
ure, during his absence, the place of his pastor, tho'

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WARRKy

1213

WAllRfJN

liov. Dr. Winkler. Altliougli quite successful in
liis uccasidiuii |ireacliiiii^, lie felt ii stron;^ disincli-
natiuii to ^ivo liimsi:!!' wliolly to ministerial work,
;iMcl the alllietive |irovi(li'ncos of God, only, brought
hiui to coMiplete suhuiissiou to his will in this
matter, lie was lioenseil in 1849; and giving up
the praetiee of his [irofession he' took charge of a
-school, and fur two years, during which time ho
occasionally preached, he made |ire|iaration for his
future ministerial work. Having soun become
pasior of a country church, his voice failed, and
fur a short time he edited the Christian Index,
published at Macon, Ga.

On the removal of the Rev. Dr. Landrum from
the chui-eh in Macon to Savannah, Dr. Warren be-
came pastor of the church in Macon, and continued
in that relation for twelve years. From Macon lie
removed, in ISTl, to Atlanta, Ga., and served the
First IJaptist church in that ]ilace with much suc-
cess until, in 1S7<J, he accepted the call to the pas-
torate of the First IJaptist church in Uichmoiul,
^'a., succeeding the Kev. Dr. liurrows. Dr. War-
ren has always lieen iiitcrestoJ in the eduea-
tiunal enterprises of the denuminatiun. For more
than twenty years he was an active member of the
board of irnstees of Mercer University, Ga., tmd
did much for the advancement of liberal education
in that State. In 1875 ^Mercer University con-
ferred on him the degree of D.D. While in Rich-
iiion<l, Dr. ^V'arren |)reached to one of the largest
and most onevgetie liaptist congregations in the
South, and lie was highly esti'cmeJ by all who
knew him. In the fall of INT'J he returned to the
First church of Macon, whore his labors are highly
appreciated.

Warren, Hon. Henry, was born in Nova Sco-
tia in 1SI7 ; removed to the United States in 1830,
and to Oregon in 1847. He was bajitized in 1853;
is a iiiemljer and clerk of the ehnich at McMinn-
ville ; has been a trustee of Mc<Miniiville College
since its org.'ini/.ation, in 1857, and is secretary of
the college board; was slierilf of Yamhill County
seven years; a membiu' ol' the Oregon Legislature;
receiver of U. S. land-ollico nine years; is now a
prosperous business man at McMinnville, a thor-
oughly active and liberal Baptist of wide influence
in Oregon, and one of the strong supporters of the
Baptist college in that State.

Warren, Jonah G., D.D., was born in AVard,
Mass., Sept. 11, 181'J, and graduated at Brown
University in 1835. Ho took the theological course
at Newton, grailoating in the class of 1838. He was
ordained at North O.xfurd, Mass., in September,
1838, and accepted a call to the church iit (-hicopoi,,
Mass., where he renniincd until 18H), whni he be-
came pastur of the church at North 'I'roy, \. \. His
relation with this church eun tinned until 1.S55, when
he was elected secretary of the American Baptist

Missionary Union, holding the ofiice for seventeen
years. He resigned his position in 1872. Durin!;
this long term of service Dr. Warren rendered most ,
efllcienl aid in advancing the cause of evangeli/.a- j
tion among the heathen, and saw the society in
whose behalf he labored so zealously take a high
position among, till! missionary organizations of
the world.

Dr. ^\^u■ren received the degree of Doctor of
Divinity from the Rochester University in 1851),
and was a trustee of Brown University from 1858
to 1873, when he resigned his olfice on account ol
ill health.

Warren, Rev. Kittrell, was a son of Josiah

Warren, and an elder brother of Hon. Lott Warren
and Gen. Eli Warren. His ancestors came from
England and settled in Virginia, from which Jo-
siah NVarren I'cmoved to North Carcjjina during
the Revolutionary war, ami from it to Burke Co.,
Ga., where Kittrell was born Cct. 17, 178b. The
family removed to Laurens Ciunily in 18114, and
settled four miles below Duljlin, where Josiah
Warren and his wife both died in 180'J. Kittrell
Warren married Mrs. Flo^d, of JelTorson County,
a woman of ardent and consistent piety, who after-
wards professed conversion and was baptized.

In 1817, Kittrell Warren moved to Alabama and
united with a Baptist church in that State, and
was ordained aliout 1827. Returning to Georgia
in 1831, he settled in Houston County.

He was a man of a devout spirit and of great
benevolence, and to the day of his death diligently
proached the gospel. He died in the year 1837.

Warren, Judge Lott, rose to high distinction,
and exercised an extended and salutary intluenee
as a member of Congress, as a lawyer, and as a
judge of the Superior Court. His ancestm-s came
from England. Lott was born Oct. 30, 1797, in
Burke Co., Ga. He was admitted to the bar in
1821. In the year previous he had served as see-
oiul lieutenant in Capt. Dean's company, under
Col. Wright, in the State militia, during the Semi-
nole war, (ien. Gaines being in command of the
State troops; and he was present at the burning
of the Indian town of Cliehaw, in what is now Lee
County. He liogan to jn'actise law in Dublin, but
afterwards removeil to Marion, Twiggs Co., and
from it to Americus in 1836. Half a dozen years
later ho removed to Albany, where ho resided the
romaiiuler of his life. Ho \vas called by his fellow-
eii;izens to many iniportant positions. For a time
be was a member of tlie ,S(afo senati'. Ho was,
also, solicitor-general and judge of the Southein
circuit Subseijuently he was elected twice to
servo his State in Congress, and afterwards was
elected twice to serve on the bench of the South-
western circuit. In these various ofiices lie dis-
charged his duties to the entire satisfaction of the

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WARREN

1214

WARREN

people, by wliom ho was most highly rL'spcctcd.
lie died uii the 17th of .Iiinc, ISCil, but hi; hud nut
been Ciillcd away uii])i-c|iai'i'd. I'or nearly twi'iity
years he had been a decided Christian and a linn
Baptist. He had even been set a|iart to the work
of the gospel niiuistry, lait only oeeasionally ollici-
ated in the pulpit, lie was a man of earnest piety,
decided opinioiis, and great nioial liriiiness. lie
was a friiuid of the poor, a bidd and able champion
in the cause of temperance, and an unwearied sup-
porter of the Sunday-school cause, laboriuij; I'or
many years with indefatigable zeal as a teacher.
He was a lover of gospel truth, and of the gates of
Zion. It deserves to bo jjlaeed on record that the
representative, lawyer, statesnnxn, and judge was,
on days of public wursliip, to friomis and strangers,
rich and ]>oor, the watclifiil, atl'ectionate, gentle-
manly doorkeeper of the sanctuiiry in providing
cuinfortable si'ats for those who attended worship.

Warren, R. I., Baptist Church. — In the year
1CG3, Rev. John Miles came to this country (Vom
AVali.'S, and settled in the town of Rehidioth, then in
the colony of Plymouth. The town eovcred ;l large
territory, out of which several others have been
forineil. .Mr. Miles lieing a heretic of (ln' l!oger
Williams orilerwasnot allowed torenniin in lieho-
both. lie remov(,'d with his cluireli to a grant of
land called Waninimoisct, which be had obtained
from the Plymouth Colony, and cunimenced a set-
tlement, to wliieli he gave the name of his home
far across the waters, Swanzey. This territory
embraced what are now the towns of Somerset,
Barrington, AVarren, and Swanzi^y. Until 17-lf) it
was in Massaiduisetts. In that year a part of the
territory was brought within the limits of Rhode
Island. On thi? I'jth of Novemlvu-, 170-1, twenty
brethren and thirty-eight sisters, the majority of
the whole nunilier being iinjinbers of the Swanzey
church, were constituted a Baptist ehundi in the
village of Warren. The formation of the church
at this time was probably hastened by the follow-
ing circumstance. The Rev. .James Manning, of
New Jersey, was sent to llhode Island to I'ound an
institution in the " eidony of Khode Islauil, under
the chief direction of the Baptists, in which ciluca-
tion laight ho promoted, and sup(U'i(U' learning ob-
taineil." Several towns urged their claims to be
the home of the new college. It was deciiied after
much discussion to locate it in Warren.

In deciiling to lay the foundations of the college
in Wiirrcn, it was understood that the members of
the Swanzey church residing then; would carry
out a purjiosc already I'urmed, to withdraw, and
with other Baptists fjrm a new church, to the pas-
torate of which the new president should be called,
and thus a salary raised suflicient to nie(;t his peiu-
niary wants. The call to Mr. .Manning is dated
Feb. 17, 1704, but the church was not fornn.'d, as

we have seen, until the following November. The
declaration from the religious society which called
him to be their minister is worth}' of pcrnninent
record : " As we are of opinion that they who
]ireacli the gos|iel should live of the gospel, we do
hero declare our intention to render your life as
happy as possible, by our lirotherly ccuiduct towarils
you, and commuuii'ating our temporal things to
your necessities, so long as (jod in his (jroviilcnce
shall continue us together." A house of worship
was built soon after I'r. .Manning took up his resi-
dence in AV'arrcn. Some of the, bills which were
contracted are a curiosity in their way. The pulpit
cost aliont thirty dollars. The price of meals in
those days of rare economy was six cents each.
We might su))|iose that the one half day's labor of a
horse, which was set down at £9, and the one day's
work of '• Negro Sharpe," which is placed at X4,
were indications that very largo wages were paid
in those primitive times, until we learn that their
"pouiuls" were woi'th not far I'rom ten e(uils each.
The parsiuiage erected for the use of the reverend
gentlonnin, who combineil in his one person the
two ollices of presidiMit of an infant college and
])astor of an infant eliureli, cost S.'ilG.

The mijiistry of I h-. .Maiming was followed with
a rich Idessing from the great head of the ehnrch.
While performing the duties of his iiresidential
office, he watched over the spiritual interests of the
people committed to his chargi;. In 17(jtJ, under
date of August 28, " it was moved that an asso-
ciation be entered into with suiulry churches of the
same faith and order, as it was judged a likely
method to promote the peace id' the churches."
Out of that vote sprang the Warren Baptist Asso-
ciatiiui, the venerable nujther of all the Associa-
tions in New England. l)r. Manning, with all his
res|ieet for the rights of eoiiseienee, was a man of
" law and order.!*. "When lirother .Samuel Hicks
felt moved to preach, whether by a good or a bad
spirit we do not venture to say, without a regular
license from the church, it was voted '' that he is
lii'roby forbidden, as a member of this body, from
any further attemyits until he is ]iroperly called by
the church, and that the church see no reason to
give him such a call, nor encourage him as a
[ireacher." Brother Ilieks, however, was not to
be restrained from doing what doubtless he thought
was his duty, whcrenjion it was voted that he he
"cut oir frcuii the church as a disonlcrly member,
one that causes divisions, contrary to the doctrines
of Christ, and must be in>teil I'oi- a\ nidanee." .

At length the question of a cliangi; (d' location
of the college was decided, and Providence was
selected as its future home. The struggle through
which Dr. Manning passed in deciding to continue
his connection with it and lireak the tie which
bound him to his church was very great, and Mr.

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1215

WAsiiisaroN

Simldiiij; tiiUs lis tliiit "at oiio time lie wiis iiljout
to I'csinri tliu [jrosiiloiicy rather tliaii tlie iiastorate."
Ill lif;lit ol' .siil).si!(iiiiMit events im uiie eaii iloiild the
wisiloiu of tlie (Iccisiou wliirli he liiially reai'hi.'il.

The .siieeessor of IM-. IMaiiiiiii^ was Itrv. Charles
Thompson, ol' whom then; is a slieteli in this vol-
ume, lie was orilained •Inly i), 177f, and remained
as pastor ot the rhnrc^li until he was loreed to leave
ill eoiisei|neiii:(; ul the deslnietioii by lire ol the
meetiiii,' house and parsonai^e, by British and Hes-
sian troops in 1T7S. The Baptists of \Varreii wor-
shiped with the old Svvan/.ey eluireh alter the loss
of their meetini^honse, where lor seven years they
sat under the ministry ol' iMr. Tlioiiipsuii, who had
been uallod to be the pastor of the mother-ehunh.

Ill IT.Sd a new chnreh editiee was creetod. The
next )iastor of the ehnreli was liev. John Pitman,
who entered upon his ministry Get. 26, ITSIJ. His
ministry contiiuied three years and a half. The
fourth pastor was llev. Liitluu- liaUer, diirini; whose
pastorate there were several most fruitful revivals,
and lari^e mlditioiis were made to the ehnreli. The
ii-ext three pastors were llev. .Messrs. .Silas Hall,
Daniel Uliei!smaii, and Flavel SlnirtUdf, whose pas-
torates were eomparatively shorl. The Ui^v. John C.
Welsh, the ne.xt minister, eoiiimeneed his pastorate
.lime II, 1.S2,'), and c;oiitinned in his olliee si!venleen
years. His ministry was blessed with several re-
vivals. The ninth pastor cd" the ehnridi was Uev.
Josiali Phillips Tiistin, diiriii;; whose ministry the
[irosent idej;aiit luid eoiiiiiiodioiis stone edilice was
built, and dedicated on the Stii of May, 1,S45. He
resigneil Get. 2:;. LSl'.l. Kev. l»r. Kobert A. Fyfe,
Uev. Messrs. Myron iMiinson l)ean, (ieorgo S. Chase,
A. F. Spaldiiii;', and 8. K. I>e.xter have ministered
to this aneient idiundi <liiriii^ the period whiidi
has elapsed between 1S4'.) and the time of wiitin;;
this sketcdi.

The Warren elinndi is amon^ the oldest (d' the
New Eiieland ehiirehes: it i;ave its name to the
first IJaptist Assoeiation in New l'hii;land, iiiid it
has had in its ministry men of God, ''einiil ;nid
true," wdioso labors have been sii;nally blessed by
him wdiose they were and whom they tried to serve.

Warren, Rev. W. H., was Ikh-h in I'l-inee ]m1-

ward Island in 184o, and was converted and bap-
tized ill his native plaeo in ISGJ. He iiradnated
from Aeadia College in Jnne, 1871, anil was or-
dained at Cavendish, Prinee Ivlward Island, I'eb.
2.S, 1872. lie beeame pastor in 187d of the Tem-
ple ehureli, Yariiionth, Nova Seotia, leaving iheie
in Aiiji'iist, 1878, t'l take eharf^i; of the Uaptist
ehnreli at 15iidi;i-iown, Nova .Seotia. I\lr. AN'arren
also oeeiipied the position of eiunespondiiii; secre-
tary to the Home .Missicaiary Board at Yainiouth.

Washburn, Hon. Henry Stevenson, \vas born
in Providence, R. 1., in ISl.'i. Both id his parents
were of Puritan ancestry. At the early a^e of

thirteen he was placed in a store in Iniston. His
)ilaiis for life beiii^ ehani^ed, he pursued a course
of study at the Worcester Aeaileiiiy, and entered
iJrowii University in 18.'HJ, where he remained
nearly a year, and then was eom|ielled, on account
of ill health, to abandon his purpose of olitainiiif^
:i eolleniate education. .Soon after leavinj; collej;o
he was appointed di.'positarian of the New l')ne|and
.Sunday-.Seliool lluioii, and held this olliee seven
years. Subsequently he became a manul'aeturer
ill Worcester and Boston, and afterwards was a|i-
pointeil president of the Union iMutnal Life In-
surance Coiii|iaiiy. He spent three years abroad
in behalf of the eonipany. Mr. Washlairn has oe-
en|iied many positions of honor and responsibility.
For four years he was president of the ^Voreester
County ]\lanufai:tiirers' and Jlechaiiies' Associa-
tion, and lor nine years was a member of the Bos-
ton School Board. He was a representative from
Boston two years in the ^Massachusetts Legislature,
and for one year he was in the State senate, where
he was ehairiiian of the Committee on Education.
He has earefnlly cultivated his literary tastes, and
has publislied many hymns, lyrics, etc. He orig-
inated the Ytiiimj I'ftijjcr, of wdiich he was the
editor seven years. He has also written and' pub-
lished miieh on life insurance, as the result o( his
personal observations in (iicat Britain, Pranee, iind
fJcriiiany. His prcsi-iit residence is in Boston.

Washington, Mrs. Elizabeth Cobb.— Among

those of our Baptist Zion who have adorned the
gospel by their works of faith and labors of love
the nann; of this sainted wumaii merits honorable
mention. Her muideii mime was Cobb, and she
was born in Lenoir Co., .\. C., .\pril 27, 1781).
In l8Ut) she married .Mr. John AV'ashiiigton, of
I Kiiibton, related to (len. Geo. Washington, and re-
moved to Newberu in 1831.

She was christened in inlanev. her family being
Epuscopalians, but having made a profession of
faith in Christ al'ler marriage, she was baptized
into the fellowship of Southwest Baptist chiireh,
Lenoir Co., where her membership remained .as
long as she lived. After the death of her husband,
in 18o7, she made her home with her daughter,
Mrs. Gov. "W. A. Graham, a Baiitist, eminent for
her faith and usefulness.

Mrs. Washington's benefactions wen; many, con-
sidering her income, were large, and extended
through the wdiole course id' her life. She gave
$10(10 for the erection id' a I'liureh at Newbeni,
li^lOO each to the ehurehes of lialeigh ami Chiipel
Hill, and $2000 to build the ehnreli at Hills-
iKUoiigh. .She was an ardent fricnil id' ministerial
education, and not only coiitribiitcd to tiie .Smilli-
ern Baptist Theological .Seiiiinary, but in addition
to other gifts to ^Vake F'orest College, bought a
scholarship, worth SoOO, in 185,"). She also aided

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WASHINGTON

12]fi

WATERIIOUSE

several of our mostusei'ul iiiiiiistors with tlia inoaiis
to prosecute their stiulies iit college. She ilieil in
IIillsl)(irou_i;h, at the huiise ot'Oov. (3rah:ii«, Miiroh
8, lS5S,iiiul was Imried by the siJ(! of lior luisbaiul
ill Newherii.

Washington Territory is tlie extreme north-
western )iortioii of the Uniteil .Statcs"jio>isessions,
exempt Alaska. It has splemliil harlinrs, is rieli in
forests and ai^rioultural resoiireos, uiul is fast he-
ooiiiinf:; peopled with enterprisiiiji: men. C'ulfax,
01yni])ia, Seattle, and Walla AValla are rapidly-
iirowing cities. The Baptists in this State are be-
ginning to show much strength, and are laying
foundations for a vigorous future. Several churches
have been organi/.L'd, by its pioneer preachers and
others, who have come to their aid, such as Revs.
11. Weston, P. 11. Harper, W. K. M. James, J. I>.
Ludlow, Hon. and llev. Judge linger S. Greene,
and J. L. Blitch, D.l>. Two Associations and a
Convention are organized, and the foundation-
work for a Baptist school of learning has been
laid. The Colfax Academy and Business Institute,
with Miss L. L. West as principal, gives |)romise
of good service for the deuoniination in Washing-
ton Territory.

Watchman, The, a weekly religious paper, pub-
lished in Boston, was started, in 1819, by True &
Weston, ]Mr. Weston being its first editor. The
original name of the |)a|)cr was Tha Christian
Wutrhman, and it was inlended to be an organ of
the Baptist denonnnatioii, setting forth and vin-
dicating, in a kind. Christian spirit, the peculiar
tenets and practices of the Baptist churches in this
couiury iMessrs. True & Weston diil not long
retain tli'-ir conneeti(jn with the paper, Ijut passed
it into the hands of William Nichols, Deacon James
Loring acting as its editor. Here it remained for
fifteen years, and, as an exponent of Baptist prin-
ciples and practices, it performed excellent service
for the denomination. On the retirement of Dea-
con Loring from the editorial chair, Ilcv. B. F.
Farnsworth took charge of the piper lor a few
months, when he was succeeded by Kev. Ehenezer
Thresher, who was its editor for throe years.
During the next ten years — iVom 1S38 to 1848 —
The Christian Watchman was nndcn' the editorial
management of Rev. ^V'illialn (Jrowell, whose abil-
ity as a writer was everywhere acknowledged.
Under his sn))ervision the pa|ier took a high posi-
tion among the religious periodicals of the day.
In consequence of what by many were regarded as
too conservative views on the exciting tojiics which
were agitating the coiiimiiiiity during this period,
Jlr. Crowell's position was condemned ; and there
seeming to be a call for the establishment of an-
other paper, the Christian IhjUclor was started in
AS'^orcester, Mass., with Cyrus Grosvenor as editor,
and W. S. Dannell as publisher. In 18-14 the new

paper was removed to Boston, and, under the edi-
torial inaiiagement of Kev. II. A. Graves, it was
not long before its circulation exceeded that of The
Christian Watihrnmi. The health of Mr. (Jraves
led to his resignation, and the paper jjassed into
the hands of Uev. J. W. Ohustead. The two papers
were united in 1S48, under the editorial manage-
ment of Messrs. Olmsteail and Hague. Mr. D. S.
Ford, one of the publishers, soon came upon the
editorial stall', his specialty being the arrangement
of the outside of the jiaper. which, by his enterpirise
and rare tact, was made as attractive as the inside.
The general tone and circulation of the paper con-
tinued to improve from year to year until 1867,
when it was enlarged to an eight-paged sheet,
furnishing to its jiatrons nearly double the amount
of reading matter, with but a small increase in its
])rice. Mr. Ford retired from tli<: Watclirnan and
Rtjlector at the close of the year 1867, and the pro-
prietorship and editorial management were in the
liands of Dr. Olmstcad. The Christian Era, which
commenced its existence in Lowell, Mass., in 1852,
to meet the demand for a more thoroughly out-
spoken anti-slavery paper, after passing through a
successful career, chielly under the management
of its editor, Rev. Dr. Webster, was merged into
what, under the jiresent arrangement, is called
The Watchman, at the close of 1875. The editors
of The Watchman were Drs. Olmsteail, Lorimer,
and Johnson during the year 1876. Rev. L. K.
Smith, D.D., for a long time connected with the
Examiner, o( New York, took the editorial chair at
the beginning of 1877. The circulation of the paper
in 1878 was a little under 20,0(J(), and was con-
stantly increasing. Its growth lias been extraor-
dinary. 'J'he Christian Watchman, insignificant
in size, has expanded to a sheet 4'J inches by 'i'i,
nearly eight times as large as at its birth. 'J'lie
expense of a single paper for original matter lias
been often larger than the furiiier outlay for an
entire year. It cannot be doubted that a prosper-
ous future is before it.
Waterhouse, Rev. Charles W., was born in

Ridgelield, t'oiiii., Sept. 16, INII; was graduated
at Madison University in 1839, and from the semi-
nary at Hamilton in 1841. In ISTi^ he was en-
gaged in building up an interest of the city mis-
sion in Newark. He has been paslor of stn'eral
churches, and has taught much, es])Ccially the
classics. Though in feeble liea.th, be preaches
occasionally, and is a jirominent member in the
eliurch at Lakewood, N. J., where le n-sides. He
has lioen a close student of the original languages
of the Bible ; was engaged in trai..>liition service
for the Bible Union, and has been for years at
work upon a critical revision of the New Testa-
ment, accompanied with philological notes. He is
particularly methodical in his studies; remarkably

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WATERS

1217

WA TTS

correct in his translationa, un excellent Biblo-cliiss
teacher, ami a frequent contributor to the rclij^ious
press.

Waters, Rev. James, pastor ot ihe Edj^elieKl

liaptist clinrrli ainco June, 1M7'J, was born at
AVaterstovvn, Wilson Co., Tcnn., — a son ol' W. 'J'.
-Waters, a leadinj; citizen of that part of the State.
lie was cducateil at llnioTi Uiiivm-sity, iMiirfrees-
lioronuli, Tenn., where he f^railnated with the hii^h-
I'st honors in 1858. The year previous he nnited
with the Haptist churuh at iMurl'reesborou;j;h, ami
at once bci;an the study of thcolouy. Alter ^'rad-
oatiiig he took charge of the church in his native
place, and preached there and in adjacent coiniiiuni-
ties until I8(J2, when he rcnnjved to Pennsylvania,
where he spent three years as teacher, principally
in jMeadville and in the Lewisburj; University.
In 1800 he resumed the work of the ministry,
serving churches in Philadelphia, Pa., Mount
Holly, N. J., and ^V'ilmington, Del., until 1873,
when he was chosen by the American Baptist Pub-
lication Society as district secretary in New York
City and vicinity. This position he held success-
fully until the fall of 1871), when he retired to
devote a se.ison to the study of law, in New York
City, to which he had given some attention during
his secretaryship. He graduated at Columbia Col-
lege in the law departnn.'nt. Meantime he served
the church at Passaic, N. J., as pa-itor until tlie
s|)ringof 1879, when he settled at Edgelield, Tenn.
The average increase in churches he has served
has been about twenty-live per annuui, and these
are distributed over the year, lie prepares his
sermons with care, and speaks with or witluuit
notes with equal ease, lie has written consider-
ably for the JicliijitiHS Herald over the nutu de
plidiie of ■■ Tyro," for the Kutionul Iktplisl as
" Sajeiu," and has published occasional sermons.
lie is a son-in-law of Dr. J. M. Pendleton.
Watkinson, Eev, William E., was born at

Penibcrton, N. .)., June 30, I8'21 ; was baptized by
llev. (icdi'go 1>. Ide, and joined the First liaptist
church, Philadelphia, in 1811. He was licensed to
]ireacli, in 185li, Ijy the First liaptist ohnreh of
Chicago, 111., entering the ministry' directly frcmi
mercantile life. He was ordained at Maimyunk,
Phihuhdphia, ;\Iarch 21, I8,jl; has been past(jr at
Manayuiik, AVi^st Chester, Nicetown,' Pa., Hamil-
ton Square and Kingwood, N. J. The ])resent
pastorate at Kingwood liegan April 1, 1870. He
has baptized a large number, several of wdiom have
entered the ministry, and he has taught a Bible-
class lor more than (hirty-seven years. He is a
brother of the Kev. M. R. Watkinson, a minister
of unusual talents, who was greatly blessed in his
labors biith in the North anil in the Soulli, who
died a few years ago lamented liy large numbers
who knew his great worth and dcc|i piety.

Watson, James Madison, a deacon of the
Central liaptist chureh, Ellzalieth, N. J., was 1)orn
in Central New Y'ork, and is a well-known author
and teacher. His scries of works on elocution has
lieen widely circulated, and his improved reading
books are much used. Mr. Watson is a ready
worker in the church as well as in the cause of
secular edm;ation.

Watson, Rev. Jonathan, was born at Mont-
rose, Si'otland, in 17V1. lie studied medicine and
practised his jii'ofessiun in his native place, lie
began his ministry in early life, his first i)astoral
charge being at Dundee, whence iie removed after
a bi'ief residence to Cupar, File. In both places he
continued the practice of his profession. During
his residence at Cupar he was greatly blesse<l in
his ministry, the Baptist church there h.-iving been
founded by him in ISIO. In 1842 he removed to
Edinburgh to become the colleague of Dr. Innes,
minister of the Elder Street Baptist church. After
Dr. Innes's death Mr. Watson bucame sole pastor.
A new odilicc was erected in 1858. In 1808 the
church associated with him the Uev. Sanniel New-
nnm as co-pastor, a relationship which continued
until liis death, Oct. PJ, 1878, at tlie ripe age of
eighty-four. Mr. Wat.son tilled for many years a
leading position in evangelical circles in Edin-
burgh, and associated his name with many impor-
tant public questions, lie was one of the founders
of the .Medical Missionary Society. In his old age
he published a volume entitled "Preparing for
Home," which had a wide circulation, and went
through several editions. At the time of liis death
he was supposed to be the oldest of Scottish minis-
ters, having been in the ministry for the long pe-
riod of sixty-four years. He took a warm interest
in the work of the Baptist Missionary Society, and
was chosen one of the honorary memljers of the
committee when age disabled him IVoni active ser-
vice.

Watson, Deacon W. W., wlio died at Spring-
field, III., in November, 1874, in the eighty-first
year td' his age, was born at Mourestown, N. J.,
April 1, 1794. In 1815 he removed to Lexington,
Ky., in 1817 to Nashville, Tcnn., and in 18,'50 to
Illinois. He was closely identified with denomi-
national movements in the State, especially as con-
nected with missions ; having been one of those by
whom the General Association was organized.

Watts, Rev. James Molison, was born in
Guilford Co., N. C, Mar.di 22, 1817. In his early
childhood his |iarerits removed to (Scorgia, and in
August, 18ivl, he prol'issed faith in Christ, and
united with the First liaptist church in (Jolumbus.
He took an active part in all Christian work, and
was clerk of his Association. Subsequently he re-
moved to Alabama, where he was ordained May
26, lS4;i. During the years 1854 and 1855 be was

. v'v i,;u

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WA TTS

V2\»

WA UGH

nssoeiiitiid witli Dr. Sainiiol IlfiidLM'son in tlie ciii-
toi'sliip (if tlio Suntliwi^slciii liiijilislj lit Tiiskcf^cc,
Ala., in wliiulr [lositinTi lie wiiii rdiisidL'i'alilc ri:|iu-
tiuiiiii lus ii clear and lurcililc writri-. j\ I'terwardn
lio ri.'tiU'iKMl to Cicorgia, and rcsidud in (Jnlniiilms,
wdu'i'c; lie diril dl' i-iiii-:inii|itlnn Fcli. 2, ISIjCi. His
last wni'iKs W(n'e, " .\ll is well."

Watts, Rev. John, was Imi-n Nnv. ;5, 10(11, at
Lydd, t.'niinty of Kent, iMighind, and came to
Aiiioi-ie;i about KiSti. IIo was baptized at Lnwer
nnbliii. Nuv. 21, IGST, and lie siieeeeded Eiias
Keaeli as pa.stoi' ul' tlic Lower Dublin eliureli in
Hl'.M. He held tliisolliee until Anii;. 27, 17(12, wlien
lie died orsiiiall])OX. iMi'. Watts was well aeqnainted
with divinity, and liis general learning was re-
spectable; he was also an autliiir of no mean
ability.

Watts, Gov. Thomas Hill, was lioin in Butler
Co., Ala., dan. 'i, IM'.I. (iraduated from the [Jni-

//, /

GOV. TIIOMA.S Illl.r. WATTS.

versity of Virginia in 1840. In \M\ began the
practice of law at (ireenville in his native county,
and soon aeipiiied a prolitable business. In 18-12
be was elected to the Legislature ; was returned in
1S44 and in 184."j. In 1847 he removed to the city
of Jloncgomery, and has resided there over since,
pursuing mainly the jiraciice of law. In 184 'J he
was elected to the Legislature from Montgomery
l.'ounty ; in l^'t'.'i to the Slate senate. In 1801,
with the Hon. "William L. Yancey, he represented
Montgomery t.!oiinty in the secession convention.
The sumeyear, as colonel of the I7tli Alabama Kegi-
mcnt, he went to the seat of war, where he re-

mained until April 9, 1802, when ho was chosen
by I'resident Davis to the position ol' attorney-
general in his cabinet ; ri.'iiiaiiied there until elected
governor of Alabama, in \>-(<y>. a position wdiicli
he held until the fortunes ol' war destroyed tin;
Confederate cause. .Since that time he has prac-
tised law in Montgomery, standing among the
most eniineiit in that profession in Alabama.

In 1840, in (Jreenville, he was baptized by llev.
David Lee. .Since his removal to Montgomery he
has occupied a most jirominent position in the iiiein-
berslii]) of the First Baptist church. Has often
given liberally to the enterprises of the denomina-
tion at large as well as in his own city, lie is a
strict temperance man. Bidore the war tiuv. AVatts
had aeipiired a large fortune, liiit that unhappy
struggle stri)ipeil him of all. Ho often expresses
it as his chief regret that his changed circumstances
deprive him of the ability to give as he once could
to religion, eilui'ation, and the general public weal.
\V'ith cheerful heart, pleasant face, and kind words
he piDsecutes the arduous duties of his prid'es-
sion, maintaining his house on a liberal basis,
iin<l giving generously to obj<.ets of lienevolence.
Alabama has not a mini; distinguished citizen.

Wailgh, Rev. C. V., is a native of Virginia,
and was born at Manchester, in that .State, in
184"J. His grandfather came from Ireland. His
parents are 3'et livinii', but advanced in years.
Tlicy set their hearts upon educating him lor a phy-
sician, but the late; war fiustiated their plans, ami
this was providential, for (iod designed him for
aniitli(;r work.

He was converted in 180.'), and was baptized by
Hr. \V . L. Hatcher at .Manchester, in Fediriiary,
I8(J0. He came up IV.mii his baptismal grave ask-
ing, " Lord, what wilt thou have nie to do?" and
was at once im|)ressed that it was his duty to
jireach, and this conviction grew upon him until
he yielded to (jod's call.

'I'ho church at Manchester decided that hi; should
go to KichnionJ College, lie entered it and grad-
uated. During his course ho was awarded a gold
medal for being the best speaker in his society, —
Philologian.,

Leaving college with health impaired, he went
to llillsborongh, Albemarle Co., taught school, and
preached successfully. At this place, i\Iareh '.1,
187u, lie was ordained by e). E. Massie, S. IV HulV,
P. Cleaveland, and J. C. Long. He resigned his
church in 1874, and in Oifober of that year en-
tered the theological seminary, desiring to take
a full course, but on account of declining lieallh
pursued the pastor's course only, and in 1875 en-
tered the ]iastorate at Modest Town, Va., to wbiidi
he had been invited before entering the seminarv.

Here lie labored until he was providentially di-
rected to Gainesville, Fla., IVom which a call was

>!ri

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liY

WAUKKSHA

1219

WAYLAND

extuiiduj tu him, ami ut tlie same time he wiis iiJ-
visoJ by liis physiuiaii to {;;o South, lie accepted
the invitation to become the |ia.stor of (iiiiiiesville
iliiireh, and camo to the State in 1870. During liis
pastorate the eliiirch lias lieen mueli strengthened,
the house of vvorsliip enhn-LL'ed, a liaptistcry put in,
aridolher iiiipnpveni''nls liave been 'iinido. l$i'sides
liis WMi'k in ( iainesville, he has visiled otlier im-
portant points and assisted sneeesshilly in pro-
tracted meetings.

-Mr. A\'angli is industrious and enthusiastic in
iiis undertakings. He is a vigorous thinker and a
good sernujui/.cr. He lias ijeen clerk of liis ^Vsso-
ciation ami of the State Convention, and he has
been president of tiie Alachua County Bible
Society.

Waukesha, Wis., in its early history was
simjjly Prairieville, a neat rural village, set in t|io
midst of a beautiful farming canntry. l>ut I'rairie-
vilio was e.\changod I'or the Indian name which
it now bears. It is worthy to be noticed in I5ap-
tist hist(U'y, because here the second Baptist church
organized in the State was founded, and here Hr.
Kohert IJovd, of s.'iinted meiiKU'y, had his home
for many _\cais; heri' Ik^ prepared im his eoncii
of suH'ering the bonks which have eomiVirted so
many believers and h'd so nuuiy sinners to Christ.
Here, too, for more than a quarter of a century
has been the Imnie of Dr. A. Kendrlck, father
of President Kendrick, of ShnrtlelV Cullege. In
recent years it 1ms become famous through its
liethesda Sjirings as a snmnn.'r re-ort, and tlie
place ovei'llows in the snunner season with visitors.

Waul, Gen. Thomas N., stands in the iVont

rank among the hailingmen of Texas, and witiiout
a superior as a lawyer at the Galveston bar. lie
was liorn in Sumter Distiict, S. C, Jan. 8, 1815.
His education was received in South (,'aroliiui, fi-oin
whose State institution. South (.'arcjliini College, he
graduated, lie studied law in Vicksburg, JHss.,
with lion. Seigeant S. Prentiss, the distinguished
political orator and lawyer. He commenced the
practice of law in July, bSiJ.'), when twenty years
of age. He early distinguished himself in Missis-
sip|ii, aiul when chosen judge of the Circuit Court
exhibited signal ability. He was a prominent
memljer of the iirst Cwnfederate Ctmgress from the
State of Texas. He was a general in the (,'onfed-
erate army, having raised the command well known
as " Waul's L(!gion." His career as a soldier was
nuirked by eminent .skill and gallantry. He re-
ceived a severe wouml in a Louisiana engagement.
He profe.^seil religion at Grenada, Miss., in lS4li,
and was bajitized by Uev. K. V. F.a;;er. He iden-
tified himself wilh the cause of Christ, taking a
deep interest in ihe |iidmii|ioi[ of measures bir ad-
vancing educatinn and lionie and lon-ign mi.-si(.ns.
He served most aci-eptaljly as moderator of the

Yalobusha Association, Miss., and from May, 1855,
to November, 1859, was elected president annually
of the Mississippi Baptist State Convention, and
served with rare parliamentary tact. The iMissis-
si|ipi Convention then embraced important places
in Louisiana, especially New Oi-lean>. He is now
a mi'mber of the First liaptisl church in (ialveslon.
under the care of \\.v.\\ AV'ni. Howard, D.D., arid
besides discharging his church duties and attending
to a large legal practice, gives much attention to
the cause of |iublic education.

Wayland Academy. — Early educational movo-
ments in Wisconsin resulted in the establishment
of Wayland Academy, at Beaver Dam, for young
men, and the Baptist Female College, at Fo.x Lake,
for young women ; the former in 1854 and the lat-
ter in 1855. At Beaver Dam a college building
was erected at a cost of $20,0(10, the corner-stone
of which was laid July 4, IS55. Xt Fox Lake a
College building was reared at a cost of $10,00(1.
The preparatory departirient of the collegeat Beaver
Dam was opened Se)it. JU, 1855, with Benjamin
Nevvall, A.B., as principal, and Uev. ILL Parkci-,
who had recently entered the State from New Eng-
land, as iinam'ial agent. Forty students were en-
tered the lir.^t term. The Female College at Fox
Lake was opened the second Wedni'sday in U(;tidjer.
and continued through the year wilh Miss Scriburt
as principal, Mrs. Phebe Thompson, associate prin-
cipal, and fifty-eight students in attemlance. In
1858, three years after the opening, the board of
instruction at Wayland was Allen S. llutchens,
chairman of the faculty, and Professor of the (^ireid<
and Latin Languages; Benjamin Newall, Professor
(jf ^Mathematics ; Charles llutchens, 'I'litor ; and
II. B. Moore, Principal of the Academic Depart-
ment. Eighty-five students were enrolled. The
teachers at the Fenuile College at Fox Lake were
the same as at the opening, and 115 pupils were in
atteTidanco. About i?.'i0.00() had lieen expended in
buildings and college a|jpnintments. It is doubtful
whether the Baptist denomination in any State
ever laid better foundations for Christian education
at greater sacrifices than the Baptists of Wisconsin
in the founding and establishment of these Chris-
tian institutions of learning. Of subsequent sad
trials and crushing disappointiiuMits it is not neces-
sary here to speak. They were organized and con-
ducted through their early triumphs and defeats by
as devoted and self-denying a company of nien as
ever toiled and prayed in the ranks of the ISaptist
ministry in America, ;mh1 carried on ihrough their
trials and embarrassments by as brave a band of
teachers as ever gathered and t-aught classes. i\Iany
of these noble men are still doing service on earth,
but some are now in glory. Fish, I)(! Lanev, I'n-

derwiKid, Ilulehens, and Newall ai ig the living,

and liright and Whitman among the dead, ha\o

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WA YLAND

1220

WAY LAND

left, ill tlio fuunding of these institutions, their
noblest work.

Wiiyhmd Academy, ill its i)resent position, is
doing, and is destined to [lerforni, ii S|ilendid work
for tlio Baptists of \Viseonsin. Jt is moving to tlio
front rank of well-endowed aeadeniies, where the
best preparation is given for the eoUege and the
uni\ ersity and all the needs of |ii'aetieal lifi,'. it
has iin al>le and thoroughly <pnililied corps id' in-
structors, and generous hearts have made ample
provision by will Un- its future, and though strug-
■.'ling for want of present resources, its prospects
ire liill of proniiso and hope. The institution has
now (IS8()) a faculty of si.\ instructors:

Uev. N. E. Wood, M.X., Principal ; John Suth-
erland, 15. A., J'rcd'cssor of Latin; Mrs. Alice Boise
Wood, JNI.A., Professor of Greek and Jlodern Lan-
guages; Miss M. A. Cuekow, iMathematies ; Miss
Linnie Aiken, ])rawing and I'ainting; Miss Kliza-
beth J. Laning, A'ocal and Instrumental Music.

It has property valued atS30,()U0. It has a ])ay-
ing endowment of S12,(K)0. It has no debts. It
has a library of I80U volumes. It never had more
intelligent friends. Although it has hitherto con-
fined itself to simple academic woik, it is contem-
plated in the near future to vindicate the purposes
and hopes of its founder.s by taking the position
for which it was chartered, and introduce the full
college course.

Wayland, Rev. Francis, was born in Frome,
Somersetshire, England, in 1772. In 17'.)3 he
sailed for New York, where he landed September
30. lie immediately established himself in busi-
ness in New York City, where both he and Mrs.
Wayland became members of the Oliver vStrcet Bap-
tist church, then known as Fayette Street, after-
wards under the ministry of llev. J(jhn \V'iHiams.

By this church "Sly. Wayland was licensed to
preach the gospel in ISUo, and in 1 S07 he was or-
dained as i)astor of the ehurch in Poughkeepsie.
lie afterwards was settled at Albany and 'I'roy,
N. Y^, and in 181'J he became ]iastor in Saratoga
Springs. The church met in a small building,
nearly two miles from the village, at what is now
known as Oeyserville, with occasional services in
a school-house in the village. Jlr. ^\'aylaud soon
secured funds for a new church in the village,
which was erected in 1S21 on thti site now oceu-
|iied by a larger edifice. In 1823, Mr. Wayland
resigneil, and though afterwards repeatedly invited
to other pastorates, he declined any settlement.
He continued to reside at Saratoga Springs; was
much called U]ion in eoun<'ils, where his judgment
was highly valued, and to supply feeble and desti-
tute churches, whiel| he did gratuitously and cheer-
fully. The sick and the sorrowful of all crc'i;ds
were his charge, lie is still held in honored mem-
ory. He was early convinced of the dangers of

the drinking usages which prevailed, and lie was
among the first promoters of the temperance move-
ment. He maintained that the church of Christ
was the great temperance society, and that all
ellbrta could be iiermancntly successful only as the
reform is based on Christian jjrinciple. He was a
nnin of strong sense, practical wisdom, uullinching
rectitude, and |iositive ideas. His religious char-
acter was consistent and equable. He was jire-
cminently a man of prayer and faith. Truth ami
godly sincerity characterized his intercourse with
men. He was English in character and manners,
but an honest lover of republican institutions.
In social life he was genial and courteous. As a
preacher, he was earnest and practical. Having a
deep pei-sonal experience of divine things, he spoke
to the heart and conscience. He died at Saratoga
Springs, April 9, 1.S40, after a short illness. Up
to his last sickness he was full of activity, abating
nothing of his interest in religious or social duties.
It was a wish often expressed by him that he
might not " rust out," and the Lord was mindful
of this desire of his servant.

Wayland, President Francis, was born in
New Y'ork City, March 11, 17'.lG. His parents (who

I'RKSIDENT FRANCIS W.Wl.AND.

were natives of England) were characterized by
great integrity, industry, robust sense, earnest
moral convictions, and an almost passionate love
of civil and religious liberty. The father, Francis
Wayland, Sr., at the age of thirty-five, gave up the
business of a currier and devoted himself to the
gospel ministry, laboring as pastor of the Bap-

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WAVLANJ)

1221

WA YLAND

tist churches in Ponghkecpsie, Troy, Albany, and
Saratoga Springs.

The sun, while sliowing no marks of precocity,
was laanly, niithful, ami iniliistriiiiis. The schools
of that Jay socni to have been nearly worthless.
The memory alone was exercised, and the only
motive employed was fear of punisHiinenfc. Of
one of his early schools he wrote, late in life,
" The only ])leasuro I have in rijiiieinbering this
school is derived from the belief thitt boys td' the
])resent day are not exposed to such miserable in-
struction." lie adds, " Perhaps my experience
was not altogether lost; it 1ms at least served to
impress nie with the importance of doing every-
thing in my power to bring whatever I attempted
to teach within the understanding (d' the learner.''
When ho was eleven years old he came undiT the
instruction of iNIr. Daniel II. Barnes, and for the
first time be found himself in the |)resenco of a
real teacher.

At the age of seventeen he graduated at Union
College, then under the presidency of Dr. Nott,
and at once liegan the study of medicine, which he
completed three years later. During the last year
of his medical studies he became a Christian and
united with the Baptist Church. Feeling that he
was called to the ininistry, he entered, in the fall
of 181G, the Andover Tlieologieal Seminai-y. Here
he was chiefly under the instruction of I'rof Jloses
Stuart, for whom he always cherished a grateful
and reverent aflecjion. At the end of a year he
left the seminary to become a tutor in Union Col-
lege. It is proljal)ie that nothing could have been
a better preparation for the lil'c wdiich Providence
liad assigned him than this position. The four
years which he spent in teaching the various Cid-
lege studies and in learning sermon-making from
the wise and eloi|uent Dr. Nott, he always regarded
as of inestimable value.

In 1821 lie was called to be the pastor of the
First 15a|)tist church in Boston. Here, notwith-
standing the drawliacks of a weak church and an
unattractive delivery, he became recognized as a
num of great moral fcn-oe, of almost unerring sa-
gacity, of progressive spirit, as a master of thought
and expression, and a leader in action. His ser-
mon on "The iMoral Dignity of the Missionary
Enterprise," in 1823, and that on " Tlie Duties of
an American Citizen," in 1825, were liut the ex-
pression of powers nnitured by silent study.

In 1820 ho aoce|)ted a jn-ofessorship in Union
College, though he did not intend permanently to
leave the pastorate. A few months later he was
Galled to the |iri'sideiicy of Urown University, and
in February, 1827, he entercil u|)0ii what was to bo
the great work of his life.

The college was at n very low ebb in funds, in
discipline and scholarship, in library, apparatus,

and in all of the appliances of education. The new
president entered on his work with a liigh ideal and
with a resolute determination to make the college
the best possible. The lecture-i'oom became a
place of Ciiger impiiry ami discussion, lie aimeil
not alone to explain and establish his views of the
truth, but above all to lead his |)Upils to exercise
their own powei's. An eminent graduate once saiil,
" Six wor<ls that he said to the class were worth mure
tu me than all the words I ever heard beside, —
'Young gentlemen, cherish your own conceptions.' "

Tlie late Hon. B. F. Thouuis, LL.D., one of the
judges of the Supreme Court of iM:issachu>etts.
expressed the sentiment of niany )Hipils when he
said, in 185r), " A quarter of a century has passed
since I left these walls with your blessing. 1 have
seen something of men and of the world since. 1
esteem it to-day the happiest event of my life that
brought me here, the best gift of an ever-kind
Providence to me that I was pertnitted for three
years to sit at the feet of your instruction." Feel-
ing dissatislied with the old text- books, he jirepared
lectures on all the subjects which he taught. It
became remarked at the bar and in the pulpit that
a graduate of Brown University might be known
\>y his closeness of reasoning and his power of anal-
ysis. The enthusiasm created within the college
spread tlirough the community, and led to the en-
largement ol' all the means of instructioic.

But the impre.-sion deepened in the mind of the
president tliat the college was fullilling )jut a part
of its mission. It w;is giving a disproportionate
amount of attention to the classics iuid to nuillie-
matics ; it was conlining its blessings almost ex-
clusively to candidates for the |U'ofessions ; it was
ignoring the progress of huuuin thought and knowl-
edge and the demands of the productive profes-
sions, as well as the boundless diversity of charac-
ter and aim on the part of students. Tliese views,
slowly maturing, led to a reorganization of the
university in 18uO. Place was given to the more
modern studies, larger liberty of election was al-
lowed, and the wants of the industrial and produc-
tive classes were especially regarded. The results
within the university attested tlie wisdom of the
changes, and the progress made in college educa-
tion in America during the past thirty years has
all been along the path in which he led the way.
During all these years the moral and religious good
of the students was the object of his untiring so-
licitude. He preached in the chapel weekly ser-
mons jirepared expivssly for the students. He
ul'ten attendcil the students' prayer-meetings ; he
counseled ami pruyed with them in priviUe ; he
especially welcomed and nourished every revival
iiilliience. Not a few of his pupils, rescued i'rom
worliUiness and unbelief, were led to lives of high
devotion and benevolence.

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ir.l VLAND

1222

]\'A VLAM)

[n 1855, after iiuire tli;iii twenty-eij^ht yciirs of
untiring laboi' in the prosiilcncy, liu rusii^neil, feel-
Im^ iiii]i(;i'ii[ivi:ly tlic noeil of rust, anil unwillinj:; to
liuld a position oC wliicli lie wu-i not in tlie I'lilleMt
sense (Jiseliai'j;;in;j; the duties. -V year lat(M', niidoi'
tlie most iirolounJ sense of duty, lie served as (las-
tor of the First liaptist chureli in l'ru^'il^'neo, and
continued lor a year and a hall' labors wiiieli wore
more taxini;; to liiiii than his labors in the presi-
dency had beim.

Tlie remainder of his life was devoted tu such
religions and humane labor as his strength permit-
ii'il. He bestowed much time and care upon the
inuiati's ol' the State I'lisoii and the Ueforin iSehool.
His only recreation was tlie care of his garden,
['reserving the (dininiess of his mind, and his sym-
pathy for his fellow-men, lie continued until Sept.
30, 1855, when he died IVniu all atiaek of paral^'sls.

His laburs ill aiithin'ship were aljiindant; he
publisheil I'ightei'ii \ illumes, among w liieli were tlic
"JNIoral Seieiiee," " Political Eeoiiomy,'' •"Intel-
lectual I'hilosophy,'' two volumes of. sermons,
" Life of Judson," " J)oiiiestie. Slavi'ry considered
as a Scriptural Institution," etc. Hi; also pub-
lished about fifty sermons, addresses, etc. 'flie
"Moral Science'' has had a eircnlation of lot),Ul)0,
and has been reprinted in England and Scotland,
and translated into Armenian, Mndei-n Greek,
Hawaiian, and Nestorian.

As a preacher, he was in his earlier years some-
what elaborate;, highly wrought, and rlietorical.
With the advance of time, his style became exceed-
ingly simple and direct, sacrilicing everything to
clearness, pungency, and force. His conception
for the moment of religious realities was intense
beyond expression. His most marked intellectual
characteristics were his love of truth and his clear-
ness of conception and expression. Ilia love of
liberty for himself and for others was broad and
eager. His hopes lor human advancement were
unresting. His own words, once uttered in )u-i-
vate conversaticni, " I go for the human race," ex-
pressed the s|nrit <d' his life. The trait which
towered above all else was his profound and un-
\\avering devotion to duty. In the just and
striking words of his pu|iil and successor, President
E. G. Uobinson, '■ To him, omjlil and nuijlit not were
the most potent words that could bo spoken."

He held intelligently, lirmly, and coiiscicn-
tionslv the doctrines of evangelical Christianity
and the distinguishing principles of the Baptist
denomination. l!ut he rejoiced to labor, wherever
it was possible, with his brethren of other (Jliristian
bodies, in promotion of the interests of religion
and humanity. Dr. Wayland was one of the great-
est men to whom our country has given birth.

He was twice married ; liis second wife survived
liim seven years. .Three sons survived him, one

of wlimii has sinee iHimI. A memoir td' his ■' Life
and Labors" (2 vols.) was prepared liy his sons,
I'lancis and II. I.. Way hind.

Wayland, Francis, LL.D., son of Eianeis and
Lucy Wayland, was boiii in Uostoii, Ang.2j, IS20,

FRANCIS WAVLANll, LI..U.

aiul graduated at lirown University in 1840. After
studying at the Harvard Eaw-Sehool and in the
ollice of Aslimun A; Idiapnian (Springlield, Mass.),
he commenced the ]iractice of law in AVorcester,
.Mass., in KS5(I. In IS.jS he removed to New
Haven, Conn., where be now resides. In KSl)4 he
was elected judge of [irobate for the district of New
Haven, and served in that ollice for two years. In
l.SlJl) he was elected lieuteinuit-govcrnor of Con-
necticut. In 1872 he was a)ipointed professor in
the law-sehool of Yale Cidlege, and in 1873 he was
made dean of the law-school. He has written sev-
eral iirticles in the Alhiiilic M'lullilij, and has also
prepared papers for the American Social Science
Association, especially on ''Tramps" and on "Ont-
Door Relief." He was (with his brother) joint
author of "The Life and Labors of Francis AVay-
laiul." lie was president of the Baptist Educational
Convention in Philadelphia, in 1872, and of the
Convention of Baptist Social Unions in Brooklyn,
in 1874, and for several years he was president of
the Connecticut Social Union. He is ]ircsident of
the board of directors of the Connecticut State
Prison, of the ('onnecticiit Prison Association, of
the board of Organized Charities of the City of
N'cw Haven, and of the board of directors of the
Connecticut General Hospital at New Haven. In

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ir.l YLAXD

1223

^VAYI.AN1)

1874 he was incsiilciit cil' tlir Hoiinl dC Visitors to
till' U. S. IMilitavy Acailciiiy iit West I'oint, iuui in
ISSd vioe-prcsick'ut cif tlif Itoanl nl' \'isitiii-s tii lli(^
IJ. S. Niival jVciiili'iiiy ;it jViiiiiiinplis. lio lius lici'ii
for sever;ii years eliMiniKin of tlio .Iuris|)ni(leiicc
|)('|):irtiii(Mit of the Aiiiiricun Social Seieiiee Assu-
riation, anil in ISSd was olioseir prcsiilciit of the
Association. )n IST'J he received (Voui the llni-
viT~lty of Kouhcster the (h-\^ree of Doctor of Laws.

Wayland, H. L., D.D., so ' Fran.ds an.l

l.ncy \V'aylaiMl, wa.s burn at l'rn\ iilencc, K. 1.,
April 23, ISIJO; irrinlnateil at lirown Unisersity in
1S4',I; stujieil at Newton Theolojrical Institution,
lS4'.)-.")() ; tanj^ht the academy at 'I'ownshenil, "N'l.,
IS,"iO-,jl ; resident f;;radiiatc at lirown Univei'sity,
|n;.M-52; tutor at University of Ko.licster, 1S.'.2-
.'il ; pastor ol' Third (now I\Iain Stii'ct) clinrch in
Worcester, jNIass., 18.')4-f)l ; cha|dain of 7th Oonn.
V'olunteei-s, 1801-04; Ininie missionary in Nash-
ville, 4'enn., ]804-(i.'); i'rofessin- of Kiu'toric ami
Loj^ic in Ivalamazoo College, Mi(di., lS(i.')-7U; presi-
dent of Franklin Cidlcge, Ind., 1870-72 : editor of
tUo Xittidnal Ilapli.sl, Pliiladelphi-a, since IS72. lie
lias pnhlished articles in the Xcw KiKjhiiiiUr and
the IkipthI Qihiii(il(j ; he has als(j written very
largely for the newspaper press, hotli at the Kast
and at the West. lie was editorially connected
with the MicliUjau Chrisliciii Ilii/ild, llie Stanildnl,
Chicago, and the Michiijau Tuirhcr. lie has jjuh-
lished several sermons, In'side addresses on educa-
tion and kindred to|)ics. lie was, with his hrothi.r,
joint author of "Tin! Life and Lahors of Francis
Wayland." I)r. Wayland possesses great ability,
ardent piety, and unnsnal conscientiousness. In
his hands the Natimtal Jiuplisl has become a de-
cided success, lie enjoys the oonlidence and warm
i-cgards of all Pennsylvania Baptists and of a mul-
titude Ijcsides.

Wayland Seminary, Washing'ton, D. C. —

The hi.-tiiry of this institution d.ites hack to 1804.
(iood and wise men saw the necessity of |iroviding
an educated leadership for a rtiee just then emanci-
pated. The leaven of a Christian education seemeil
to promise the chief safety from evils that threat-
ened tlie interests of mcu'e than 4,000,001) of souls.
How should the work commence? How cr)uM the
material so long neglected he nnide useful ? The
most perplexing ((uestions had to be solved ; but
faith, witli its farsightedness, was competent to
devise a plan for the introduction of Wayland
Seminary.

Wayland Setiiinnry comprises three departments,
— a normal, an academic, and a theological. The
Bible holds, (d' course, the lirst place in the school ;
hut the students must he able to teach in the i-oiu-
mon schools, and must give attention to other
branches of study along with Bible studies.

The school was plantecl and has been carefully

watched over by tin; American l!a|itiat Home Mis-
sion Society. At lirst there was no building in
which pupils could lie gatln'red. To secure land
aiid a building was a task that hung heavily on

V^'Sii^^^^S^S;-

WAVLAN'D srjMINAltV.

weary hands, and severidy taxed a faith not over-
strong. But in Cod's plans the means are always
e((Ual to the demamls, ami so laml was secured for
the substantial am! hamlsome building that now
stands on Meridian Hill. 'I'lie |n-operty is valiie(l
at nnjre than S."iO,()00. 4'lie building has acccnnmu-
dations for 100 students; but a history of all tlie
struggles to complete the building can never be
written. Doinitions were always given in small
amounts, and tliKcontriliutioiis of very many hands
were necessary to ccnnplete the work. Few gilts
exceeded SIOOO, and many of them were in them-
sidvcs almost trilling, yet in the aggregate they
secured success.

The; aim of the school is to furnish an education
at the smallest possible expense. To make this
effectual, the students have the entire care of the
semiiniry grounds and the huihling. Kach student
has his share of flio responsibiliiy of keeping tin'
pilacc a model of order and in'atness. Thus kIu-
dents are aided in overcoming old objectionable
habits, and iurming those that will make their own
homes models for their race. The seminary has
not made the mistake of taking pupils with but'
little pre[jaration through the higher studies of a

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WE A VER

1224

WEBB

college curriouluin, and therefore it lias wasted but
little labor upon poor materials. Nearly lUO stu-
dents have been conneeted witli the sehool annu-
ally. Of this number more than one-tliird have
entered the seminary to prepare for the ministry.
The expenses of the school have been about §7000
annually, which sum is secured by.contributions,
since only a small endowment fund has been col-
lected. The work of the school appears in tlie ad-
vance made by churcbos where its influence lias
extended. In Maryland and Virginia, as well as
in the District of Columbia, a large proportion
of the colored churclies of the Baptist denomina-
tion that have made gratifying progress during the
past twelve years have been under tiie care of
graduates of this seminary. Mission churches
have become self-sustaining, new churches have
been ]jlanted, and a spirit of enterprise lias shown
itself in all the church work conneeted with these
congregations. The marked success attending the
labors of the graduates of the sehool has solved a
number of the didicult problems that presented
themselves at the beginning of the work. Many
of the graduates have engaged in teaching, and are
filling positions of honor and trust. Already stu-
dents are coming to the sehool who have Ijeen fitted
to enter its classes by those who have been educated
there. The seminary constantly aims to supply
such wants as appear necessary to the elevation of
the colored race. Each year makes larger demands
and bring.s additional proofs that the school is of
God. From month to month contributions come. to
the school Irom tliose who love Christ and hu-
manity, and the accomplished principal of the
seminary, the Rev. G. M. P. King, with his devoted
wife, labor on with the full assuratice of faith.
Prof. King is worthy of the warmest commenda-
tions of the friends of the freedmen, for to his
persevering and energetic labors is mainly duo the
high degree of success which has marked the
progress of the Wayland Seminary.

Weaver, Eev. Charles S., son of Silas G. and
Dinah (.Stone) Weaver, was born in Coventry,
11. 1., April 10, 1803 ; studied in common schools ;
became a teacher; converted in 1S22; baptized in
1823 ; began preaching in 1828 ; licensed by Cov-
entry and Warwick cliurcli ; ordained at Arkwright
village in 1820; settle<l with Itaptist church in
Plainliold, Conn. ; in 1M36, with church in Volun-
town, and -remained sixteen years ; in' 18.^12, with
First Bajjtist church in Sutlield ; in 1855, witii First
Baptist church in Norwich ; in 18tJ0, with cliurch
in Noaiik, Oroton ; in 1870, returned to Volun-
tow'n ; in 1875, with Second Baptist church in
Riclimond, II. I., where be is now lalioring; lias
ever been an evangelist ; .baptized more than 1000
persons; was judge of probate and a member ol
the Connecticut Legislature ; once president of

Connecticut Baptist Convention ; been moderator
of Associations ; commissioner of schools among

the Niirragaiisett Indiiins ; a man of energy, Jiiety,
tact, iiiul power.

Weaver, Rev. Joseph Myrtle, D.D., was bom

in Shelliy Co., Ky., Dec. 18, 1832. In early man-
hood he professed conversion and united with the
Methodists by immersion, but in less than a year
afterwards he became dissatisfied with their doc-
trine and polity and united with the Baptist cluircli
at Bloomfield, Ky., "on his Methodist baptism."
By this church he was licensed to preach, June 12,
1852, anil next year entered Georgetown College,
where he finished his education. On leaving
college he was ordained, and took charge of the
Baptist church at Seymour, Ind. After a short
pastorate here he was called to the church at Tay-
lorsville, Ky., where he ministered with much
])0piilarity about eight years. In January, 1805,
he was called to the Chestnut Street cluireh in
Louisville, where he still remains. He has during
this pastorate been one of the popular and suc-
cessful pastors of the city. He has written exten-
sividy for the periodical press, and is u clear,
forcible, and logical writer. In the winter and
spring of 1879 he had an extended discussion
in the ^Vestenl Recorder with the editor of that
journal, on the subject of the validity of alien
immersions. His articles were elegant specimens
of composition and logic. But he failed to satisfy
his own judgment and conscience, and he submit-
ted to Ijaptism by a qualified administrator, and on
the 5th of July, 187'J, was immersed by Dr. Boyce,
of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary.
Dr. ^Veave^ was for a time co-editor of the Western
liecordei\ He wrote and published " The Myrtle
Series" of Sunday-school books, in five volumes,
with a question-book added. As a preacher and a
pastor he has lew supcri<irs in the country.

Webb, Greenleaf S., D.D., son of Moses AV'ebb,
who with his six brothers served in the Revolu-
tionary war, was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., May
2, 1789. Most of his youth was spent in Stam-
ford, Conn., his parents having joined tlie Ba])tist
church there. When a young man ho came to
New York City, and in bis own words, '' I first
began to bear the Word with interest in 1800, but
not till November, 1807, did I see the way clear to
unite with God's people." He was then baptized
by Rev. William Parkinson, whose ministry he liad
attended, and united with the First church. He
superintended a company in erecting breastworks
on Fort Greene in 1812. His mind was drawn to
the ministry while attending to his secular duties;
receiving encouragement from spiritual advisers, he
studied with Dr. Staugliton, at Philadidphia, and
Dr. Stanford, in New York. In June, 1816, be
was ordained, and became co-pastor with Mr. Fer-

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WEBB

1225

WEEKS

ris, at Stamford, iuul soon beoiiiiiu sole pastor, lie
visited and iireaclicd lier(jre tlio Association at Pi.s-
cataway about lS'J(j. 'I'lio (duireli at Now Bniiis-
wiok called liiiii, and lio setlN'd tlicrc in April.
1S21. His iiroacliing talent and e.\oeiitivc ability
soon bore fruit, and when be resigned the pa-s-
torate, at the end of nioro than tvvonJy-two years,
the Ihick that he found small and weak had become
hiriio and inlluential. lie went at the call of Ood
to the Third church in IMuhidclphia. lUuing his
pastorate in Xeu' llrunswick he had been .surren-
dered b\' the church for eight months to plead the
cause of foreign missions, ami while in I'hiladel-
])hia he was again pressed into that work for tliree
years. Returning at last to his. New Brunswick
home, he has been very useful in the cluirch there,
and in supplying unmy important churches during
vacancii's in llie |iastorate. 'Pali, straight, healthy,
of ''sound mind and memory," he still ))reaches,
counsels, and, with the weight of ninety-two years
npon liiui, is venerated, loved,* and trusled by his
brethren. He is the only survivor ol' tliose who
formed the State Convention. No man has been
more prominent in guiding influence! in all mis-
sionary ilircctions. For many years he has been
a member of the board of the Missionary Union.
The university at Lcwisburg gave liim D.I), in
ISoCi. He was a curator of that institution from
184t) to 1S.'j4. He remembers the birth of foreign
missiojis in tliis country, and has a soul full of the
commission which tlie Master gave to his disciples.
Webb, Jonathan N., D.D., was bom in Brown-
villc, N. Y., Jan. 11, ISIl ; baptized in February,
182."). Dr. Webb studied for some time at Madison
University, but was obligcMi to leave liefore grad-
uating on account of failing health. He was or-
dained as pastor of the Smithville and Mnnnsville
J5aptist churches at Smithville, N. Y., May, 1835.
Hero ho remained five years. Ho afterwards was
pastor of the following churches in the State of
New York; the church at Carthago, six years;
Oouverncur, two years; Ogdensburg, four years;
Fort Covington, twelve years ; Madrid, three
years. He was three years with the Baptist cliurch
in Titnsville, Pa. In 1870 a pressing call came
from the Ba|itist Home JMission Society to super-
intend the work of that society in Nebraska ami
Hakota. For nine years ho filled with nnirked
fidelity and energy tin; ])Osition of district secre-
tary', closing liis labors with the society Feb. 1, 187U.
These were years of wonderful toil, in cold and
heat, amid dillienltie.s that would have discouraged
weaker hearts. His memory and name will be
long riMiKOiihered in the Ijaptist ehurclies of Ne-
braska. Since he severed his connection with the
Bafitist Ilomi: Mission Society ho has been labor-
ing at his own charges for the interests ol live
churches in the Stale.
78

Webb, W. S., D.D., jjresident of INIississippi
College, Clinton, i\Iiss., was born in the State of
New Ycjrk in 1825; prepared for college in Kings-
ville, <:)., Acadcuiy, ju-esided over by Z. C. Craves,
LL.l). ; graduated at Madison University, N. Y., jn
1849. After graduating he went to Middle Ten-
nessee, and engaged in teaching and preaching near
Sujyrna, and as (lastor at Fnon, Uutherford Co. ;
si.\ years president of Yalobusha Baptist Fenuilo
Institute, at tirenada, Miss.; pastor six years at
West Point, Miss., and fourteen years at Craw-
fordsville ; in 1871 he became Prufessor of Theology
in ^Mississippi College and pastor of the C'linton
church ; in 1873, upon the resignation of Dr. Hill-
nnm, he was elected president of Mississippi <'iil-
lego, and under his administration the institution
has greatly )ir(is|iered.

Webber, Rev. William, was bom in Virginia,
Aug. I'o, 1747. In the early part of 1770 he put
his trust in Jesus for a full salvaticm, and he found
it. He was baptized in .June, and soon after or-
dained. Ho itinerated for si-vm-al years after his
ordination. In 1774 he became pastor of the Dover
(^'irginia) church, a relation which death only sun-
dered. His labors were gi'catly favored of God, and
chun.dics in varicjus places s]]rang up as harvests
fr(mi the seed which he planted. He jjosscssed ex-
tensive intluence in the denomination, and etuu-
monly ju-esided at the meetings of the General .V?.-
soeiation of Virginia and of tlie General Convention
of Virginia Bai'tists.

He was several times in jail for preacliing, and
had much to endure from the "sons of Belial at
dill'erent places;" but sustained liy tlie love of
Christ, nothing troubled him.

Mr. \Veblier liad no one talent of superlative
greatness, but he jiossessed such a combiiuition of
wisdom, love, Bible knowledge, grace, and perse-
vering toil in the Master's service tlnit lie was a
glorious luisbandman for God. He was loved by
true Christians, hated by the enemies of Jesus, and
regai'ded liy his own and subsequent generations
as a father in the Baptist Israel of Virginia. Ho
died Feb. 20, 18US, filled with rapturous joy.

Weeks, Hon. F. M., was bom in Florida, a few
miles south of Lake City, and died in 187'.*, in the
meridian of life, in Alachua County, not very far
from his birthplace. He was converted iind bap-
tized at Providence chundi, and at imce became an
active and useful nu'inber. He was universally
respected and trusted.

He had acf|nired consiileraMe roputation ; servcil
acceptably liis coujity (Columbia) in the Legisla-
ture ; was moderator ol the .'>anta F6 Kiver .\sso-
ciatiou at his death, and liad hei'U liceus(Ml to
jireaeh.

.\lr. Weeks wasasuccefisful Sunday-school workiu',
and was much loved by the children. He freijuently

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WEEK^

1226

WELCH

expi'cssej the wish tliut he iiiiglit Ijecouie so situ-
ati'J in lifu tliiil 111; couhl duvoto hiiuscH'tu Suiiduy
mission wciik.

Weeks, Rev. Silas. — 'J'liis vi'iu-iiiljlo ;iiul usii'ul

minister died at his hoiin; in Hiiidl'urd Co., Fhi.,
Jan. 20, l.S.SO, iit the aj^o oC sixty-ei.a;ht. l'\)i- thirty
years he was an ai;i'.e|itahle, devoted' and sueeesslnl
iiiiuist''r of tlie {i;us|iel in liis denomination. He hi-
hured in the counties of Putnam, Nassau, Colum-
bia, Alaehua, and Bradford, and well has it Ijeen
said (jf him, " Numerous, indeed., w(uihl he his
spiritiKil family if all horn of Ciod undm- hi.s min-
istry eould he eoiuited n|i." His life was without
reproach, and his heart was in earnest, lie \vas
one of the lew of whom it can he truly said, '"I
never heard anything against hiui."

Mr. Weeks was several years moderator of the
New I'viver Association, of which boily he may he
called the father.

Welcli, Bartholomew T., D.D., was hom in
Boston, Mass., Sept. 24, ITVl. His jiaternal grand-

B.MiTIlOI.O.MEW T. WKI.CII, U.U.

father was a lieutenant on board the U. S. frigate
" Alliance," of llevolutioiiary fame, and his father
was a midshipuian in the same vessel. His nuither
was the daughter of Capt. 15. 'I'row, a leader in the
" 'I'ea Party" in Boston Hiubor, and a brave sol-
dier at ISunker Hill. He served as an ollicer
throughout thi^ lievolutionary war.

From nine to twelve Bartholomew had many
convictions of guilt, and he freipienlly eiied lor
mercy, but he did not yield to tlio .Saviour until lie
reached his twenty-lirst year. Under the ministry

of Dr. Staughton, of I'hiladidphia, where he was
then living, he was led to Christ. lie united with
the iSansoiu Street church in .September, 1.S15. He
soon" felt that he must preach Jesus, and. after sumo
missionary service, he became pastor of the Cats-
kill, N. Y., Baptist church, in .September, 1.S2.).
In 1827 he accepted the pastorate of the First Bap-
tist church of .Vlhany, X. Y.

llei'e his labors were so snocessful that in l.s:i4
a new interest, known as the Pearl Street chnreh,
was estal)lished in a capacious edifice, which was
speedily filled to overllowing b)' all classes of so-
ciety. "The farmer, the nu'chanic, merchant,
scholar, and the statesman were delighted with his
instructive and thrilling discourses." AVhen he
entered upon his labors at Alljany there was but
(?ne Bai)tist church, and when he left it there were
four.

In December, 1S4.S, to the regret of liis church
and the whole jieople of Albany, he accepted the
call of the Pierponf Street Baptist church, Biook-
lyn, and entered upon pastoral duties among them.
The severity of the climate and the feebleness of
his health compelled the change. In Brooklyn his
gospel and bis eloqneni^e produced the same results
as in Albany. Hi; was an eminent servant of the
living (bid, whom bis Redeemer greatly honored.

Welch, Rev. James Eley, was born Feb. 2S,
17S'J, in Fayette Co., Ky. During the summer of
ISlO he was converted, made a |)ubli(! profession of
religion, and was baptized by Kev. Jeremiah Var-'
deman in October following into the felhjwship of
the church at Davis' Fork. After many struggles
ini the subject, he became convinced that Ood had
called him to the great work of preaching the gos-
pel, and in 181.0 he was set apart to the ministry.
The ne.xtyear hespent with Rev. Dr. ^Vm. Staught(jn
at Philadelphia, studying theidogy, and also acting
as pastor of the church in Burlington, N. J., where
he was eminently successful. Feeling impressed
with the duty of mission work, he tendered his
services to the Board of Missions at Philadelphia
in iMay, LSI", and was accepted as a missionary to
St. Louis, Mo. On .Sunday, May 18, he was set
apart to the work. Dr. Furiuan, Dr. Baldwin, Dr.
Mercer, and Dr. Staughton ]iarti'cipating in the
exercises. He reached his destination after more
than two months of travel. The mission work in
St. Louis was very difficult. Tiiat city was then a
small village, the Catholic influence strong, and the
people more inclined to wickedness than religion.
His diary of this time denotes very great dis-
couragements, as well as a daily consecration of
life and work to the Master. 'I'he first Baptist
church in St. Louis was constituted by Mr. AVelch
and Dr. J. M. Peck, Feb. 8, 1818. Their first hou.se
of worship was o|iened fcu' service in July, 181'J,
After three years of laborious struggles and varied

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WELCH

1227

WKLLliORN

Kiici'rs.sr>, till! I)iiai\l (liscuTitiiuicd tint iiii.ssi(;M, iirul
Mr. Wclrli i-etiiniL'd to liinliiiL'toii, N. ,1. Vor
liuire iIkiu twitiity yciirs lie was ii^rriit (or the
Aiiiurluiin Suiiihiy-Srluiul Union, tnivrlinj!; in tliis
capacity ovei- all llie States and Ten-i lories, I'orininff
Saliliatli-scliools anil otherwise aelively advancing
this work, ile i-eniovi'd from IJnrlinjrton in Sep-
teiiiher, ISIS, to Warren Co., Mo. In this vieinity
lie lahored eonstantly lor the Master's eanse,
|ireaehiiij^ and Imilding clinrehes until the year
lS7;'i, ulien ho removed to Warrenshnrg, Mo. In
the eenlennial year ho ro\isited liis ohl home in
lUirlinjiton, N. J., and on the IStli of July of that
3'ear, while with an excursion party of liaplist
brethren at tlie sea-shore, he was seized with apo-
ple.\y, and ended a lonu; ami. ns(d'ul lil'e. Ile was
a noble man, ever throuiib life diseharjiiug faith-
fully the duties of a Christian f;entleniau inul min-
ister, thereb}' seeiiriuL; the alfeetioii and esteem of
those with whom he was assoeiated.

Welch, Rev. Oliver, was born in INIadison Co.,
Va., April 27, I7'J1 ; was married to Miss Klizabeth
Malhiry the 18th of September, ISlO; both of
them united with the lia))tist ehnreh at Crooked
]!un in ISl."), and were liaptized by the l!ev. Daniel
James. IS'ot liaving a sin!;;le Christian relative,
this youthful couple in starting out in the Christian
lil'e had many trials to overeome. Mr. Welch began
In preach in IS23, and in Vii'ginia, was pastor of
(iood Hope, (Joiird Vine, and Cedar linn churcdies.
He reniovi'd to Alaljauia in XS'.'A, united with the
'I'alhidegii Creek church (now Alpine), wdiich he
served as pastor until his death, whieli occuri'ed at
tin; house of his daughter, Mrs. Iteyimlds, the '2?>i\
of April, 1874, making a |iastoi'ate of forty years;
be also served several otlier ehurehes as ]iastor in
Talladega ('o. A large i'amily ecHincetion came
from Virginia to Ahibiimu. with Mr. 'Welch, and
settled around liini, and under his ministry were
Ijrought into bis ehureli. They and he, being
people of wealth and line social position, comprised
one of the linist attractive communities and one of
the most inlluential churches in the State. He
lived an unblemished life, and left to his posterity
and to his churcli a precious memory. Ho had a
most amiable, gentle spirit, and a dignified bearing.
lie was an instructive preacher, and among hi.s
large circle of friends — laymen and ministers — he
was a safe and wise counsidor.

Wellborn, Judge Marshall J., long known in
(Jeorgia as '".ludge Wcdll)orn," and in the latter
years of his life a distinguished Baptist minister,
was liorn in Putnam Co., Ga.,May2y, I8U8, and
died at Columbus. Ca., Oct. 10, 187-1. lie was the
son of Thomas ^\^dlborn, of South Carolina. His
mother was a Virginia lady, and both parents were
of Knglisli extraction. M. .). \V(dlborn was en-
dowed by nature with rare ipialities of head and

heai't ; courage, enei'gy, benevolence, and geni'rosity
were always prominent traits in his character.
His niinil was distinguished for (piickness of jicr-
ce|ition and perseverance in investigation ; and
it was the Iriith abov<! all things that he sought
to learn. This intuitive li'iuleney developed that
anxious, bumble, prayerful, and un<'easing study
(if Cod's \Vord, and caused that prompt surrender
of pri;conceivod opinions to the dictates of reason
and revelation, for wdiich he was remarkable.

Ile passi'd through the .Junior class of the Slate
University, at Athens, studied law, and was, liv a
special act of the Legislature, admitted to the
practice of law at iiiiiideen. Marly in IS28 he re-
moveil to Hamilton, in Harris Coniitv, and there
the foundation of his fortune and success in after-
life was laid, lie was' a powi'rful debater and
a thrilling orator, and man}' of his extempiu'c
speeches, delivered at the l.iar. thirty-live or forty
years ago, are still remembered as masterpieces of
forensic eloquence.

After a few year.s lie removed to the city of
Columbus, where he rose rapidly to prominence
in bis profession, and, without a stain U]ion his
character, accumulated an ample fortune. At
twenty-one be was electi'd to the State Legislature,
and in 1842, at thirty-four, ho became judge of
the Superior Court of the Chattahoochee circuit.

As a judicial ollicer, his career was eminently
distinguished for [irofossional learning, faithful-
ness, and uprightness. Subserpientl)', after a pro-
longed European tour, with characteristic ability
and purity, be filled one term in the lower house
of Congress. Declining a re-election, he returned
to the ]H'actice of bis profession, which be followed
with leading success.

During the celebrated revival of 1858, in (!oluni-
bus, be professed regeneration, joined the Baptist
Church, and was buptizeil by Di-. .J. II. Do Votie.
His conversion was almost Paul-like in its wonder-
ful transformation ; bis conviction of sin was pecu-
liarly jiungent, and bis evidences of regeneration
and pardon were most rcniarkalde. l>ivine grace
has seldom made a more signal trium|jh than in bis
case, where the exceeding lustre of holy thought,
fooling, speech, and conduct ]irofoundly eclipsed
the brightest light of human morality. From the
moment that be accepted Jesus be bccan»e an en-
thusiastic advocate of the Saviour's cause.

After a long struggle to know his duty, ho ac-
cepted a license to preach the gospel, and June 29,
1SG4, he was ordained at Colunibua. lie accepted
the charge of the Hamilton l!a)itist church and of
the lietbcsda church, in Harris County, preaching
twice a month at each place until his death, and
declining to receive any compensation from cither;
a great mistake, as results show. A rden I ly desirous
! of doing all in his power for .Icsus, and assured

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WELLING

1228

WELLING

that lu3 ]i(;rioil I'ur iiiiinsterial Kcrviec must lie
short, he aboiiiuloJ in tlie iiiultitudo of his hibdrs.
For ten years ho preached in tlio ))iilpit, by the
iirosi<le, on tlie highways — everywiieru, and to
every Ijoily, white and lihiek — with a tenderness
whieh nothinj; eouKl iiispii-e but an overllowing
benevolence and a proloiind conviction of the
truths of the gospel, lie not (nily received no
compensation for Ins ministerial services, but with
open hands distributed his own pi-ivate fortutie to
the poor, to the aid of the church<:s, to the support
of other ministers, and to the various evangelical
enter[uises of tlie day.

His work was signally Idessed. He baptized
iin uncoMiMioii nnmlier of converts under his
own uiinistry. He was greatly beloved by thu
people among whom ho nnjved, and in hundreds
of homes in Western and Southwestern Georgia,
and in the adjoining parts of Alabama, his name
will aliidi! till this generation is gone, a synonym
(d'all that is good and noble. From youth he was
the subject of constant and distressing ill health.
The activity of his uncommonly Ijusy life was
astonishing. There were times when, sick almost
unto death and scarcely able to move a limb, he
would be aroused by some call for exertion, and ho
would go uu the Master's business immediately.

^Vs a ]ireaeher, he had su|ierioi- ability, his ser-
mons being well ]n-epared, and delivered earnestly
and eloiiuently. In doetrint^ he was ineorrupt.
As a jjastor, he was untiringly ilevotcd, and emi-
nently sneces>ful in eomi'orting believers and in
winning souls to Jesus. He delighted to assist
young men, whether it was to givi! them a start in
business or in preparing for the ministry. He mani-
fested groat interest in plans fur the cilucation and
spiritual advanirmcnt of our cohu'eil jKjpulation,
contributing larg(dy to build houses of worship for
them, and constantl}' preaching to those of thoiu
within the bounds of his charges. Worn out by
incessant toil, he suddenly fell asleep in Jesus on
Saturday, Oct. lO, 1.S74. By his death a whole
community was stirred to its depths, and (bivout
men carried him to his burial and nnide gn^at
himenlalion over liini.

Welling, James C, LL.D., was bom July 1,
1S25, at Trenton, N. .1. .\lirr pursuing his ]ire-
liminary studies at the Trenton Academy, he en-
tered l'rimri;ton College, from wdiioh ho graduated
in bS4d. From !.S44to ISKi he was a privati^ tutor
iji the family (jf Henry 'i'. (larnrtt, I')srp, cd' West-
Inorelanil, \'a. He afterwards cntci-ed upini the
study (if Ihii law with the Hon. Willoughby New-
ton, of \'irginia, liut at the expiration of a year
he was ri'calh'd to New Jersey by the illness of
his father. On the death (d' his father, In I.S4S,
he became oni; of the princijials of the Now York
Colle;riate School, the oldest crammar-school in

that city. In \HX\ he resigned this position to ac-
cept the associate editorship of 'J'/ie National lutel-
liijencer, Washingt<m, ]). U., for which celeljrated
journal he Imd already, since I.S.'jO, written the
"Notes on New IJooks," which were a character-
istic feature of the jiaper. Dr. Welling, as editor
of the Intellii/cniir during the trying pi'riod of the
war, C(mducted it with signal ability, lieiiig an
eminently natioinil journal, circulating extensively
both in the North and the South, as well as being
read by not a few in Knrope, the vi(^ws of T/ie Nu-
liojial IntelUgcncir on all imtional subjects, and es-
|iecial!y at this period, when the contest between
tin; U. S. government and the (!onfcderate States
was being so iiereely waged, were eagerly looked
for and anxiously scanned. Its 0|)inions were gen-
erously indorsetl by the most patriotic and discrimi-
nating in all sections of the country, and they aided
not a little in keeping the judgments of men clear
as to the cardinal constitutional features of the
contest. Before, during, and after the crisis Dr.
AVelling stood steadfastly by the Constitution and
the Union, though not alwaj's ap)iro\ing the jjoli-
cies of the Administration. He resigned his posi-
tion as editor of the /nliiliyencer Jan. I. iMio, in
conse*quoiu;e of failing health, the result of arduous
labors in conueeti(ni with that journal. In ISGI:!
he was elected bv the judg<'s of the U. S. Court of
Claims assistiint (dork of that tribunal, the iluties
of wdiieh, being at that time very light, did not in-
terfere with his (editorial labors. I hiring bSCti he
spent six or seven months in Europe in quest of
health, and visited England, Scotland, Sv\'itzerland,
France, and Italy. In 1SG7 ho was electi^d ]iresi-
dent of St. John's Cidlege, at Anini|)olis, Md., and
during his administraticui the number of students
was eidarged, the I'onrse of study made nuire eom-
] )jreliensive and thorough, and the discipline im-
proved. In 1S70 he was called to the chair of
15(dlos-Lettres in Princeton College, which position
ho resigned in the following year to accept the
presidency of the Columliian College (now the
Columbian University), on the resignation of the
llev. Dr. .Samson. Up to the ]U-eseut period in Dr.
Wolling's ineumbeney the coin-so of study has been
eidiu'ged and the endowment greatly inorcasod.
Mainly through his instrumentality a valuable
tract of land on the edge of Washington City was
given by iMr. Corcoran lor the founding of a scien-
tific e(diool, in aildition to which SlOU, ()()() were
subscribed for the general endowment (d' the uni-
versity. i)r. AVelling hi\s wriH(;n a. .great d( al,
mainly, howev<'r, in ihc form of editorials and lit-
(O'ary addresses, and of contributions to various
journals, ami to the Nmi/i jliiicriidn J^cvicw. He
is one of the nmst accomplished writers in the coun-
try. Being so wiilely and fav(U-aldy known among
journalists, literary and jmblic men, he is IVe-

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WELSH

1229

WELSH

quently callod upon tu occupy positions of honor
iiiul rosponsibility. He is a oorreapoiiJinj; nioniber
of till! Now \\)yk llislorioiil Society, of tlie (_'on-
iiocticiit II isloncal Society ; visitor of tlic (Jovcni-
lUCiil Hospital for tinj Insane, AVasliinj^lon, ]). C. ;
vico-prcsiJent of the Washinj^toii I'hilosuphical
Society ; meniliei- ol the executive coiiiinittee of
llu! .Vniericim ('(ihmi/.ation Society ; trustee of the
tloi'coran Art (iailei'y.

I>r. AVellin^ is one of the most active laymen
in the l!;iptist ileuoinination. lie was for many
3'eai's tlie ellicient superintendent of tlie Sunday-
school of the E Street Baptist cluircli. Washing-
tnii ; is at jn-esent a deacon of the Nortii Baptist
church, and moderator of the Coluiiiliia LSaptist
Association, couipiising tlie churclies of the Dis-
trict of Columbia. Ho is one of the most thdroiinh
of Biblical scholars, and his rich and varied stores
of information make; him exceedinLi;]y interesting
in the social meetings of his church. He received
the degree of A.M. from I'rinceton (College in I.S47,
jmd the honorary degree of LL.l). from the Onlum-
bian Collegi! in liSfuS. J)r. ^Veiling married, in l!S50,
Miss Genevieve H. (iarnett, the accomplished
daughter of (Jol. Henry 1. Uarnett, of Virginia,
who, however, survived her mari-iage less than two
years, and since tiiat time he has remained unmar-
ried, lie is unwearied in planning and working
for the prosperity of the university.

Welsh Baptists, The. — In no country have the
principles of our faith as Baptists been more gen-
erally understood and more bravely defended than
ill the little principality of Wales. It is commonly
believed that all through the. dark reign of ))Opery
in the seclusions of her valleys and in the fastnesses
of her mountains there were tho^e who preserveil
the ancient purity of doctrine ami worship. The
general (piickening of religious thought, wliiidi was
one of the distinguisiiing features of the Url'orma-
tion, was, however, the beneticent agency in facili-
tating their emergence into the clear light of lihs-
toric recognition. The earnest study of the saureil
oracles at this time cau.-icd numbers of the moat
learned and (lod-fearing of the sons of the Estab-
lished Church to declare themselves converts to the
Baptist faith. Such men as Penry, Wroth, Erbury,
and Vavasor I'owell became leailers of mighty in-
lluenue. They sull'ijred much for the |irinciples
which they professed and preached. Vavasor I'ow-
ell was a preacher of (extraordinary power. Fluent
in b(Jth Welsh and English, and withal enriched
with a cultivated uiind, he reached all classes and
commanded all hearts. He was immured in about
thirteen prisons, in one of which he 4iod on the
27 th of September, 1070.

•The ministry of these distinguishcii U(;formcrs
and others of the same ty|ie was aliundantly fruit-
ful, in spite of the must persistent opposition from

every form of worldly power. The seed sprinkled
with tears and blood could not fail to grow and
llourish. Churches sprang into existence in diil'er-
ent parts of the land, and [the waters uf many u
rural stream bore witness to the joyful obedience
of hundreds who had been brought to the knowl-
edge of the truth.

The lirst churches in Wales after the Red'ornni-
tiou were missionary centres of wide-reaching ac-
tivity. In addition to one or more pastors tJiey
freijuently had numerous assistants. Although
separated by immense distances, and that at a time
when roads were frequently impassable, there wiis
scarcely a village or neighborhood throughout the
length and breadth of the land where the gospel
of salvation was not occasionally preached. It is
said that Christnnts Evans traversed AValcs forty
times from noi'th to south, jireaching the gospel, in
the course of his fruitful ministry. Every renowned
preacher of the past century gave a large portion
of his time to evangelistic work. 'I'he religious
status of the "Welsh peo|ile is largely attributable
to this liberal diffusion of stimulating and enlight-
ening thought. 'i'he rugged heroes of the past
century, who with self-sacrilicing devotion exposed
themselves to every form of indignity and to all the
rigors of a variable climate that they might make
kndwn the saving truths of the gospel, are worthy
of being held in everlasting remembraniic.

The iidluenee which the Welsh Bafitists have
exerted upon the religious thought and life of this
country demands special recognition. They have
contributed iinu-e than any otlii^r ]]eople who have
suuglit a home in this Western worhl to the spread
of our orinciples, and to the integrity of our de-
nominational life. JMuch of the formative work
in Rhode Island, New Jersey, Virginia, New York,
Ucdaware, and Pennsylvania was done by them.
The lirst Baptist church in this country was estab-
lished in Providence, K. 1., by ti Welshman. The
first Baptist church in what is now the State of Mas-
sachusetts was founded by a Welshman. The fiist
Ba.[itist church now in Pennsylvania, the mother of
the Philadelphia Association and of many churches
in I'ennsylvania and New Jersey, received its chief
strength in its early years from Wales, ami its lirst
Bible, which is treasured by the American liaptist
Historical Society, was in Welsh. The AVelsh
Tract church, which was the (irst holding our faith
in Delaware, and for many years a nuist inlluential
community, was formed in Wales, came out to this
country as a li»idy,, and, after remaining a slmrt time
at Lower Dublin, settled |jermanently in Delaware.
There is not a State in the Union where AVelsh-
men have not had an honm'ed part in furthering
Baptist interests. In many instances thi^y have
given direction and eiu'rgy to our denominatioiml
life when as yet it could hardly lie said to have

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WELSH

1230

WENGER

an organized existence. In ncit a few neiglilioi-
houils, in luiditiua tn iIkjsu ali'eiuly mentioned,
where unr name is now a jiuwor and blessini;-, tliey
W(ne the fearless jiiuneers. The sniiersti'iietnre of
onr liajitist, laith owes much cjf its present strenjjth
and gi'andciir to tlie solid fuundatiun-work in wliieli
tliey iiad so hirge a share.

K()i;er Willianis, tlie fearless champion of civil
and rclijriiius liherty, whose teaehing and e.\!ini|ile
did so inneh to introduce into the Constitution of
this country its distinguishing- cxeellenee; John
Miles, who exerted sneli a jiowcrful intlnenec upon
Baptist progress in the early days of onr his-
tory; Dr. Sanuiel Jones, of Lower l>nlilin, and
the venerable Isaac Katon, first master of 1Io|h;-
well Academy ; Abel Morgan and ^Morgan Kd-
wards, distinguished as writers and jjreachers;
J>avid Thomas, tin,' veteran prearhei' of N'irginia
and Kentneky ; David Joru's. Iloiatio (iate.s Junes,
and John Williams, of New York, all nu'n of might
in their day, were AVelshnien or the immediate
descendants of AVelshmen.

'i'here are in Wales at the present time nearly
50(1 liaptist ehnrehes, with a nii-nibership aggregti-
ting between GO.OIH) and 70,000. The practice of
restrii^ted communion is universal save in a f'W
English churches in the large centres of )iopula-
tiori.

Welsh, Rev. John C, was liorn In Hoston,
April II, 17'.)2. lie became a hopeful Christian
when he was tvvenly-four years of age, and two or
three years later was baptized into the fellowshijj
of the First liaptist clinreh, IJostun. Having de-
cided to enter the ministry he studied tiieidoL'y for
a time in Waterville, and was m-dained jjastor ol'
the IJaptist churcli in Waiaen, K. 1., iji June, l!r!23.
He remaineii pastm- of the ^\'arren ehiircli for
eighteen years. Fkiui 1840 to Ksfjll he was pastor
of the church in Seckonk, Mass. Having resigned
liis oliieo here ho removed to Providence, where he
s[]eiit the rest of his lile. . He was reaily to act as
a supply for destitute churches, and perform any
ministerial service by which he could help on the
cause of Christ. He died in I'roviilence, Feb. 13,
1S58.

Welsh Tract Church, Del.— Sixteen IJapti.sts

in AVales .-ibout to emigrate to America formed
themselves into a Baptist church in 1701, with
Kev. Thonuis Grillith, one of their number, as
pastor. They eanui to I'ennt^pek, now in Phila-
delphia, Pa., where there was a Welsh liaptist
churrh. Leaving in thi.s place some of their num-
lier, and reei'iving accessions in return, they re-
moved, in 1703, to Iron Hill, in the Welsh Tract,
New Castle Co., l>(fl, (at tlnit time a part of Pi-un-
nylvania). A snuill mceting-lnnise was then ericted
upon the sitr now occupied liy the present ediliee,
built in 17-10. Their principles soou sprctid in

Delaware and into Pennsylvania and Jlaryland,
and to Pedce iiiver, S. C. " T'he community at
NYelsli Tract in early times ludd ii i-espectable
stand 'among the ^Uuerican Baptists; it was one
of the live churehes which formed the Philadel-
phia Association; its ministers were among the
most active in all Baptist operatitms, and th(> whole
community was not behind any of the nn-inbers
of that quintuple alliance." ( lienedict's I5a|itibt
History, p. (ilib.) In 17'JII, Mingan Edward.s wrote:
"The Delaware Baptists are (lalvinistic in doi-lrine,
ami dilfer little or nothing in discipline from their
brethi-en in neighboring States." (Materials to-
wards a liajitist History, Delaware, p. 224.) This
church was the mother of the Lomlmi Tract, Pa.,
and Duck Creek, Del., churches, and in some de-
gree of the Wilmington (First), Cowinarsh, and
iMispillion chnrelics, Del. ; also of the Welsh Neck
church, S. C. "The AN'elsh 'I'ract church was
the ju'incipal if not the sole means of introducing
singing, imposition of hands, church coveinints,
etc., among the Baptist ehnrehes in the Middle
States." (Edwards's Materials, p. 232.) Holding
to the laying on of hands on baptized believers,
they refuseil to commuue \\_ty a while with the
Philadelphia and Pennepck i-lnirclies, but the dif-
ficulty was settled, in 17(10, on the side of peace
and iiinty. Their pastors have been Thomas (Jrif-
lith, Klisha Thomas, Enoch M(jrgan,Owen Thomas,
David Davis. John Sutton, John Boggs, (Jide(]n
Ferrell, S. W . Wc.olford, Samuel Trott, W. K,
Uoberson, Thomas Barton, Vx. W. Staton,.and Wil-
liam Grafton. 'I'he niembership in 1710 was 122;
in 1SI7. i'.l2; and now (bSSd), 04.

Welton, Rev, Daniel M., Ph.D., was born in

Aylesford, Nova Scotia, in 1831 ; graduated from
Acadia College in June, 185.'); ordained pastor of
the liajitist church, Windscu-, Nova Scotia, Sept. 2,
1857 ; thence became i'rofessor in Acadiii College,
in 1874; went, in 1870, to Germany, an<l stinlied
Hebrew and (!reek exegesis tit Leipsio Univei'sity
for two years. Dr, Welton is now Professor of
Heljrcw and Systematic 'I'hcology in Acadia Col-
lege.

Wenger, John, D.D., one of the most dis-
tinguished oriental scholars and translators of the
age, was born in Switzerhmd, Aug. 31, 1811. ]\.i\[\-
(^ated iiw the ministry of the national church, his
C(jnscientious convictions of the nnseriptural char-
acter of infant laijitism constrained hiin to abaiulon
the course which his friemls hail planned for liim.
For some years he engaged in teaching in Greece.
In 1838 ho visited Knghtnd, and was soon after
baptized by Dr. Steanc, and reciived into the
church at Caniberwidl, London. Having oU'ered
himself for missionary work in India, he was sent
to Calcutta liy the liaptist .Missioimry Society, and
joined Dr. Yatc's in translating the Scriptures. A

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WKNGRR

V1?A

U'KSCOTT

new Hi'Mfiiili viTsion wiis then tlio jiroiit work in
liiliid, tlic tvanshitcirs iiiniini; •' to |ini(liicft ;iii iilio-
niiillr, version ^^ liioii sIkjuIiI he ;is jioiid I5cii;jiili ;is
llic I'lii^ilisli vei'siou is 1^00(1 Kiinli.sli." lii;r{)re tin'
cUisc of ISt'), a Ibw months sifter Dr. Yuteii's Jeatli,
tlnMuitire IJible was |irinteil. In ISn'i, I)]-. Wengcr
iH-ini'il from tlie mission press a I'cn'is/'d version,
wliii'h lias continued lo lie tin' standiird versiim,
and has the sn|i|ii)rt of missionaries of uIukt-I every
denominalion, and of the Christian eommcinilii^s
of liene'al. A third edition was hej;un in l.Sr)5,
and was Mnally eompletcd in ISGl. In ISOli the
eonimittee rei|uesteil Pr. AVeiiirer to |n-e|jare an an-
notated edition id" the Henijali Scriptures. While
this important \vorl< wa.s in prucre.ss he issued sev-
eial editions of the New Testament, and in lSli7
the fourth edition of the entire liiiile, printed in
small typo, and making; a liaiuly octavo volume,
left tlie press. Jlis lU'.xt work was a still more
thoroue;h revision of the te.Nt ol' ISOl. In some
parts, especially in the I'salms and prophets of the
(_)ld 'I'estament and the epistles of the Mew 'I'esta-
nu'nt, it may In; said to he a new traiislalion. lie-
sides these hihors in the I5enj;ali, the hingnajre of
forty iiiillioMs of peo]de, Dr. Wenu,'er has devoted
liimsidf to the study of ihii Sanscrit, the ancient and
sacred hiniiuai;e of India. Dr. Cirey and also Dr.
Yates had translated the llihie into Sanscrit, Imt
Dr. Weni^er's work, consisting of four volunie.'j, is
niindi more valniihle. It has received the highest
ap|)rohation of the k;arned evci'ywhcre, and is
miKrh esteemiMl by those natives of India to whom
Sanscrit is familiar. Kesides these works, Dr.
AV'eiigor lias edited a great number of IJengali
publications issinnl by the Cah'utta Tract Society.
The |irinciples on which he has carried forward
these great works are well stated in Dr. Wenger's
own words, which apply in America as well as in
liulia : " In carrying on their Kiblieal translations,
especially as regards the Xew Testament, Baptist
missionaries have for nearly forty years past acted
independently of the ISritish and Foreign 15ible
Society and it.s local auxiliari(!s. 'I'hi'ir severance
IViun that great and noble society originated with
an attempt to compel the translators either to leave
the terms for baptism untriinshiteil, or lo tratislatc
tliein in a way which was contrary to their consci-
entious convictions. It has often lieen taken for
granted that our dill'ercitees with the IJihlc Soeii^ly
concern oidy thi.s one topic of baptism. l!ut, if
I may be allowed to give expression to niy own
sentiments, I would say that tliis one point is only
a sample of otlnn-s, and that in all of them a gi'cal
prini:i[de is at stake. Tin principle is this, — that
a liiblieal translator should not be com])elleil merely
by a nmjority of votes given at a eonimittee meet-
ing to translate the Word ol' (iod in a way which
is not in accordance with his conscientious convic-

tion. In endeavoring to ascertain the grammati-
cal interpretation and the senseof the sacred tc.xts,
opinions must be widghed, not counted, and tlaiy
must he weighed by the man \vho has to execute
the translation. The rules lor the guiilance of
translators which have been laid down by the IJihlc
Society, and which are annually reprinted in the
report of the local society, appear to me ipiile as
impertinent as was its attcm]il to dictate to Baptist
translators how they ought to render the t<'rms
descriptive of btiptism. In short, it is the inde-
))endcnce of translators which the Bible Society
wtiiits to tamper with, tind wdiicli, as Baptists, we
ou^lit to consider oiirseU'cs bound to uphold." l)r.
Winger wtis once Ijlamod by eirtaiii persons for
isstiing a translation of the third chapter of John's
gospel which they stiiil was not correct, simply
because it did not teach the doctrine of bajitismal
ri'generation. lie replied with ehartieteristic force,
'■ .My ti-anslation was not intended to teach itny
doctrine at all. I wish to give God's \\'oid as I
lind it, and if it runs counter to the errors of any
church in Christendom, so much the worse for that
elinrch that biises itsidf on nn error which God's
Word does not contain." ^V'hilst so mneli occupied
wilb his special work. Dr. Weiiger has constantly
engaged in the ministry, and Inis rendered great
services to the cause of missions by his wise coun-
sels, loving spirit, and ripe judgment. In lii.s ad-
vanced age, though f.iiliug sight interferes with
his activity, he is still devoted lo his great work,
and has a very eiricient junior fellow-laborer in the
Ucv. (1. II. lUuise, i\I.A., upon whom the chief
(diarge cd' the transhitiun work is now laid.

Wepf, Rev. Lewis, the pastor o\' the libenez-er
German Hajitist church in .Milwaukee, is a native
of iMulheini, Canton of Tliurgovie, Switzerland,
where he was born July 11, 1822. He came to
Amerii:a when a young man; was converted and
united with the Bajitist church in BulV.do, N. Y.,
in 184s ; ordained March \V, l85;'i, in Bulfalo. IJe
came to Wisconsin in 1872, and labored one year
as missionary timong the Germans in Watertown,
one year as missiontiry among the Germans of iMay-
ville, anil for the last si.x yeai-s has been the pastor
of the Kheney.er German Baptist church tif iMilwau-
kee. lie is a man of line culture, a clear and vig-
orous thinker, and an evangelical preacher td'
Christ's giispid. lie ])iildished, in ISTl, a work
in the German language entitled "The Cliuich
and her Enemies," which had a large sale.

Wescott, Isaac, D.D., was bom in I'lyniouib,

Mass., April 111, 1.^114. In early life he manilested
a great fondness for books. "Wlien (iftceii years of
;ige his father removed to .Manchester, N. il., where,
with his accnstonii'd avidily, he prosecnied his
sluilies in the common schools, the high school,
and the academy. Here he was converted tind

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WEST

1232

WESTCOTT

joined the cliurcli, and soon exliiliited the siiine
devotion to cluiroh work lh:it iiKirked liin lirewiiilo
a student. The yeiirs lS2tj and 1827 he uceMpied
in tlie study of tiieology, under the guidance of
his pastor, Rev. 0. 0. Kinihail, and before tlieir
expiration lie was called to preach to a new in-
terest at Dunharton. From this period until (piite
recently tlie ministerial career ol' Dr. Wcscott has
been that of a faithful, arduous pastor, whose life
has been marked by evangelistic fervor. I)uring
his service at Dunbarton a substantial house of
worslii|i was erected. In 1831 he became pastor at
Whitney, Conn., wln^fc he was ordained, and where
in twct years he"ba|itt/.ed lOU converts. In ISo.'! ho
removed to Stillwater, N. Y. At this place he re-
niaitu.'d pastor eighteen years, and during this time
the old meeting-house was rebuilt, and an inllu-
ence created that not only beneliled the church at
Stillwater, hut extended throughout the Saratoga
Association. Dr. ^\'escotthas served Laight Street,
■ N. Y., 1851-5G; (Jloversville, 185t)-5'J (at this
place a large liouse of worship was built) ; 1859-01,
at Newburgh ; 1861-G7, at Blooiningdale, New York
City; 1807-72, at Plynionth. On account of deaf-
ness iie has retired as a pastor, but acts as a .sup-
ply when he has an opportunity. As a preacher.
Dr. Wescott is strongly doctrinal. Profound ear)i-
ostness is probably the most striking characteristic
of his sermons and his daily life. His sermons
show great ability. iMiddlcbury College, Vt.,gave
him the honorary degree of A.M. in 1833, and
llocliester University, in 1804, made him a Doctor
of Divinity.

West, Eev. Samuel, was bom in Hopkinton,
K. I., Oct. 0, 17011; was converted in 1787; was
ordained in 179'J ; was settled for ten years in New
Loniioii, Conn. ; was a good, deserving, ellicient
minister; closed his honorable lal)ors and lil'e in
North Madison, Conn., in the seventy-lirst year of
liis ago and the tliirty-eighth of his ministry.

West Virginia, Baptists of. — 'I'he hisUjry of
the ]i;i|itists in \V'est Virginia is closely related to
tliiit of tlie Uapti.sts of V'irgiiiiti, iuid especitilly to
that of the Ucncn'al Association of Virginia. A
large number of the churches have been organized
by the missiunaries of that body. The ohh'st
church in the State is Simpson's Creidi. in the
Union Association, formed in 1774. 'I'he three
next in order are Forks of Cheat, 1775 ; West
Fork, 1780; and the Creonbrier, 1781. Rev. John
Aldcrson was the lirst Raptist niiiiister wlio visited
tiio southern pari of the Stale. Through his etl'orts
the Greenbrier church was origiiuitcd, as also the
Oreenbrier Association in 1800. The Hopewell
iiiid Raleigh Associations were formed from the
Oreenbrier in 1871. The Union Association wa.-,
organized in 1804, the Teays' ^'ailey in 1812, the
Parkershur"; in 1818, the Broad Run in 1835, and

about 1870-71 the Ouyandotte and Kanawha Val-
ley were taken from the Teays' Valley. Before
the formation of tiie General Association of West
Virginia there were two niission bodies in its
bounds auxiliary to the General Association of
Virginia, — the Western and the Northwestern As-
sociations. The General ^Association was organ-
ized Nov. 15, 1805, by delegates from the Parkers-
burg, Judson, Mount Pisgah, Union, Teays' Val-
ley, and Broad Run Associations. Besides those
already named there are two other Associations
in the State, — the Gosiien and the Harmony, —
making thirteen District Associations. In tliese
there were, in 1880, 381 churches, 25,239 memliers,
and 2(),"i ordained luinislers. The total reported
amount of contributions for State, home, and
foreign missions, Sunday-schools, and home ex-
penses was, in 1879, i52l,228.C3, and while this is .
the sum reported much more than this was con-
triljuted. 'I'he thirteen Associiitions are suppoiting
Ibuiteen native preachers in Rurmah, and $943.40
of the amount given to foreign missions passed
through the hands of the American Bajjtist Mis-
sionary Union. The General Association had, in
1880, ten missionaries under apiiointnient in the
State, some of whom occnpy positions of the first
ijiiportance in towns on the railroads. The Bap-
tists of West Virginia now liold a very favorable
position as com)iared with that of the otlier donoiii-
inations in the State. 'I'hcir Sunday-school and
educational work is in advance of all others. The
Shelton and Rroaddus Colleges are now established,
and with projiei' ell'orts a brighter day is before
them. ,

Resides the white membership there is one As-
sociation of colored 15aptists, — the Mount Olivet, —
organized in 1874, and which now consists of 24
churches ;ind 974 members. There are colored
Baptist churches with 413 members which do not •
belong to this Association, but to similar bodies in
adjacent States, the whole number being 1387,
making an aggregate of Regular Raptists in the
State of about 20,00t). The colored chundies have
some very accc|itablc preachers, several of whom
are well educated and doing a good work.

Westcott, Rev. Erastus, was born Jlarch 27,
1810, in Milford, OtSL'go (Ai., N. Y. His ])arent8
removed from Cheshire, i\Iass., where they liad
enjoyed the ministrations of tlie celebrated Rev.
John Leland. The early years of young Westcott
were occupied in farming. At sixteen he made a
pi'ofession of religion, and united with the Baptist
Church, 'i'he following year lie entered the aca-
demic department of iMadison University, where
he pursued his studies to the close of the Soplio-
more year. lie then pursued his studies privately,
preaching when opportunity jircsented until April,
1837, wlien he engaged in jiastoral labor. For more

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WESTON

1233

WESTON

than forty-throe years he has been but one week
witliout a pastorate. Ife was ordained in JJicli-
lioUl, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 183.S, and lur twenty-
two years served ehurehes in Otsego and Delaware
(Jounties, N. Y. During tliis period he organized
two churches, gathered the funds and superin-
tended the erection of two nieeting-iiouses. At tlie
.sajne time he /-ealoiisiy hibured to jiroiuote the
welfare of neighboring destitute churches, in
August, 18.07, he renujved to Jioelioster, .Minn.,
and at once or^ani/,ed a cliurch ol' seventeen niein-
Ijers. The same month he attended the first anni-
versary of the Southern Minnesota Association.
In IS.')S lie gathereii the funds lor tlu^ tirst meeting-
house in Uoohester, dedicating it in the month of
Oi'tolier. After serving the lioclioster church tlirei!
years he resigneil, and located i]i Oonecnd, Dodge
Co., where he still resiilcs. In his present licld lie
has organized four churches, and assisted in form-
' ing two others. lie has collected the funds on the
fields where three meeting-houses have been erected
and paid for. His salary has always been inade-
quate to his support, yet iii tin; erection of these
places of worship he gav(^ more tli.in $I()(X) from
his scanty means. He also gave S.5UU to the Min-
nesota Academy at Owatonna. He has given lib-
erally for home and foreign missions and other
objects of benevolence. At one time he served
four churches, and had a covenant meeting every
Saturday I'.M. iti the year. From these meetings
he was nevin- absent unless prevented by a severe
storm or funeral. He gave attention in ]iart to
Inisiiicss lor his support, but never alluwoil worldly
engagements to interfere with the duties of the
ministry. For four years past he has been largely
engaged in building and endowing the jNIinnesota
Academy located at Owatonna. 'fliis work is a
success.

Weston, Rev. Adolphus, is the pioneer IJaptist
preacher of W^ishingtou Territory. He was born in
"Willington, Conn., Jan. 29, 1811; converted and
Ijajitized in iN'i'J ; licensed in 1831 ; he studied at
Madison University si.x years ; was ordained as
pastor at Burlington Flats, N. Y., in 18,38. and in
1S3'J was appointed missioiniry to the Mississi|ipi
Valley; preachod in many places, became pastor at
Carthage, 111., and had a great revival. He con-
tinued as pastor at Carthage twelve years. In
i85l! lie went overland to Oregon, where he was
pastor of the West Union ehurcdi, and missionary
of the Willamette Association until 18(J3, when Im
removed to Washington Territory. He gathered
the few Baptists who couhl be found in that wil-
derness, and preacdied to them. His labors were
greatly blessed, lie organized the church in I'uy-
allus N'allcy in ISCT. Il(! was the only li.iplist
minister in all that regicjii for many years. Nrarly
every month he had converts to baptize. The

churches increased in number until in 1871 the
I'uget Sound Association was organized with live
churches and four miiusters. His work has been
that'of a pioneer missionary without appointment
from any society. The churches at KIma, Centre-
ville, Olynipia, .Seattle, and other places all recog-
nize in " Father Weston" one of tlie chief founders
of till! Baptist cause in Washington Territory.

Weston, David, D.D., an American clergyman
ot the Baptist denoiiiination. He was born in
North Middleborough, Mass., Jan. 24, 1830, and
died Feb. 22, 1875. He graduated from Brown
University and at Newton Theological Seminary.
His first )iastorate was at Worcester, Mass., but he
soon left to take the chair of Ecclesiastical History
in the theological seminary at Hamilton, N. Y. By
reason of his scholarship and ability as a teacher
the University of Roehestei- bestowed upon him,
though a young man, the honorary degree of D.D.
Few men had accumulated so much material lor
ecclesiastical history so early in life as Dr. AVeston.
The early death of this rising nuin was lamented
by all who knew him. It was a great loss to the
whole Baptist denomination.

Weston, Henry G., D.D., was born in Lynn,
Mass., Sept. II, 1820. His father was at that time
one of the firm of True it Weston, publishers of the
Chrisliaii Watchman, in Boston. He was baptized

HENHV (i. WI'SToN, D.n.

in Lynn in 1834; gradualid from l?rown Uidver-
sity in 1840, and in the fall (d' that year entered
Newton 'fhcological Institution; wits ordained in
Friinkfort, Ky., in 1843, and immediately proceeded

Y.ot^•AH^

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WESTON'

1234

WHARTON

to Illinois, wliero ho proaclied as ii missionary at
liis own eliari;i,'s I'or tlirc(^ years, in Tazuwcll,
Wooill'dril, anil Mrl.i'an ( 'oiiiitics ; setllinl as |iastoi'
of iliU cliurfli in rriiria. 111., in l.S4(), ami remained
tliirteiMi years ; r<'niovoil to (_)liver Street elaircli,
New York Oity, where he remained until IWOS,
when lie aecepfed a call to his jiresent jiosition as
Ijresident nl' Cnr/.er 'riieolo;!;ical Seminary. Jii
eoniieetion with the labors ineideiit to thes(! varied
and responsiljle positions, lie has heen prominently
enL'a,ii;ed in advaneinsr the general interests of the
denomination, lie was editor of the linpiist Qiiai-
terli/ dnrini; a lar^jo part of its existenee, and has
also served as jiresident of the Ameriean {{aptisl
iSIissiiiiniry Union. lie has published a valuable
treatise on the four gospels, and with both pen
and voiee has rendered other useful and extendeil
serviee. lie reeeived the degree of A.M. in Iti-Ki
from ShurtlelV College, and that of 1>.L). in 18o9
IVum the University of Uoehcster.

I>r. Weston is a man eminently fitted to be an
cdueator of those who are preparing to instruct
their fellow-men. As an O.xpnsitor of the Scrip-
tures, he is clear, thorongh, and spiritual. His
uninterrupted and zealous pursuit of the truth,
liis simplicity of speech, his living faith, his invin-
cible courage, and iiis unbounded eonlldenee in the
reliable and unfailing autlnu'ity of Clod's ^Vord,
render him jieculiarly competent to guide the
opinions and control the eoiniiiotions uf impiiring
and agitati'd truth-seekers. His mind is richly
stored with the results of longcontinued IJible
study ; his heart is an overllowing fountain of
manly teiRlerness, and all his varied and cultured
attainmcMits are sanetilied by the experiences of
successful pastoral ministrations. Knowing the
wants of those to whom the gospel must be
preached, as well as the necessities of those who
are to preach the gospel, he possesses rare qualifi-
cations fur the position he now holds. The inllu-
ence of his native genius, sound scholarship, cor-
ri'ct taste, and ripe Christian experience reaches
i'ar and wide through the able ministry of those
who have sat under his instrurtidii. lie is one of
the ablest men in his position in or out of this
country.

Weston, Rev. John E., was burn in Amherst,
N. 11., Oct. Ki, 17'JtJ. On his mother's side he was
of Huguenot descent, and had many of those
qualities of chnraeter whiedi we assneiate with
those hiinored Fremdi refugees, who snil'ere.i so
much for the sake of their religion, lie estab-
lished, in eonneetion with ]\Ir. Uenjamin True, in
]81.*^, the ('hiistian Wutflniiiiii, now TlicWiiUhiiion,
of Bostim, which has been in existenee sixty-three
years. His cotineetion with the paper corilinned
not far from three years. "While thus engaged his
religious impressions ripened into a full hope in

Christ, and lie was baptized by Kov. James M.
Winchell, Feb. 22, ISliO, and connected himself with
the church under the pastoral care of Kev. l)r. Sharp.
Having given up his business as a |irintcr, he now
resiilved ti; carry out his early pnrp(jse to secure a
better intell(H;tual training, with a view to entering
the ministry. He ri' paired to the Andnver I'hillips'
Ac:adeiny, and subse(|nently put himself under ihe
tuition of Rev. Dr. ISolles, of Salem, .Ma^s. ; then
iiee;ime a student of Columljian College, and com-
pleted his theological studies in part at Andover
and in part as a member of the lirst graduating
class at Xewton. He was ordained at East Cam-
bridge, Mass., Oct. 10, 1827, and was the pastor
of the Baptist church in that place I'or four ycnirs.
He resigned his charge May 27, LS.'H. An invita-
tion had been extiMided to him to become the pas-
tor of the Baptist church in Nashua, N. 11., but
his work was nearly done. On his way to Nashua
to I'ullill an engagement he drove into a |ion<i — it
being a warm summer's day — to refresh his liorse.
I'nfiM-tunately it was a dangerous place, and JNIr.
^\'estoll leaped from tlii; carriage, and, being unable
to swim, was drowned. The sad event occurred
July 2, 1.S3I. Mr. Weston was father of the Rev.
11. (i. Weston, H.I)., president of tlie Croner
Thetdogical Seminary.

'Whale, Theophilus, was born in Eiigland of
all opulent family about liilG; received a univer-
sity education ; served as an olticer in Virginia;
served through the Parliamentary wars; com-
manded guards at the execution of Charles I.,
in 11)49; served under the Protectorate; on the
restoration (d' monarchy, in IGGO, tle<l to America;
settled, and married Elizabeth i\lills, in Virginia,
but, being a Bajitist, and disliking liominant
Episcopacy, removed, and settled in South Kings-
ton, U. I., about 108(1 ; was a writer, teacher, and
farmer ; read Hebrew, (ireek, and Latin ; aided Bap-
tist ministers in their education ; was reticent, and
hence suspected of being connected with the regi-
cide judges ; a pure, sludious man; became the
grandfather of Judge Samuel Hopkins; died about
1719, aged one hundred and three years; was
buried with military honors on Hopkins Hill,
West {Ireenwich, 1!. I.

Wharton, Rev. H. M., was born in Culpeper
Co., \ a., Si'pt. II, 1S18. After receiving a good
common-school edncati(ui he attended Uoanoke Col-
lege during the sessions of 1803 and 1864. The
latter part of I8f)4 he entered the Confederate ser-
vice, and was with the army at ils snri-ender at
Appinnattox Court-House. in April, 181)0. Soon
after the war, in iMiO, he went to Mexico with
his brother, Hr. J. S. Wharton, and Vemained
about twelve months. He then returned to his
father's home in Virginia, at Amherst Conrt-
llouse, to whieli the latter had removed during tlio

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WHAirroN

1235

WHARTON

wai'. Horo lio soon Ijccaiiio intcrostcd in vclij^ious
matters, ami imitoil witli tliu Kpiseupal Cliia-cli in
Novfiiiljer, 1807. lie was (|iiitc piuininont in
tliat olinroli, anj oucasioiniliy aitted as lay readci-.
lie clui.se tiie law a.s liis jirofcssiun, lieinjf a<lniitted
to the bar wlien only nineteen. He was eni;;a,L;ed
in tlie |ji-iietiee of law until IS73, ;Mid ./ndL;;e Slicf-
ley, tliO distini^iiislicd judge of lliat einniit, \iv<i-
nonnced liini tlie niost jirDinisinn yoiinj^ lawyei' in
tlie State. On a vi^it to liis lirotlnr, Kev. -M. 1>.
WInii-ton, D.b., pastor of the AValnut Street IJap-
tist eluireh in LoLiisvillc\ K v., he ehani^ed his re-
liglou-s views, and was hy him hapti/.ed into the
fellowship of that church. jVlter some exercise of
liis ministerial j;ifts, he attended one session at the
Southern IJaptist Theological Seminary, then lo-
eated at tlreenville, S. 0. He selected the schools
of Old and New Testaiuent interpretation, system-
atic tlieiilo;j,y, and homiletics, and graduated in
them all. Soon after Icavijig the seminary he ac-
cepted a call to the Luray and Front Uuyal Baptist
chui-ches, in the Valley of Virginia, where he re-
iimined six years, was eminently successful in ad-
vancing the cause, not only in those towns, but in
all that region, and was everywhere recognii^ed as
a brilliant and eloipient preacher. lie traveled
much, and did the work of an evangelist, holding
protracted meetings in the cities of ^Vlcxaudria
and Uicliiuond, in several smaller places, and with
numm-ous country chnrelies, in all of which his
labors were greatly bles.icd. In ]>eecmber, ISSO,
a unanimous call was extended to him to become
pastor of the Lee Street Baptist church, Balti-
more, Md., made vacant by the removal of l)r. John
Pollard to Uichmond, Va. He has but recently en-
tered upon his work there, and has shown himself
to be admirably atlapted for the positi'in he occu-
pies in that important lield. The church has 4UU
■ineiubers, in the midst of a growing population,
and presents a fine sphere of usefulness to one
possessed of his lalents. He is an able pi'eacher.
A distinguished lawyer of Kiehmond says he never
lieard more elo(pient a|)peals from any puldic
speaker tliiin tlmse that fell from his lips in the
revival which he had in that city. As he is qnite
young, stmlious, and progressive, the denomination
may look for a brilliant future for him.

Wharton, Morton Bryan, D.D., one of the
most talented ministers of Georgia, is a Virginian
by birth. He was liorn April 5, 183'J, in Orange
County. He is a man of \aried powers, excelling
as a preacher and pastor, and surjiassing most men
as an agent for the collection of funds fur religious
or benevolent purposes. A man id' wonderful
energy, unbounded resources, remarkable business
capauity, and witii a striking knowledge of men, he ! i
has sueceeiled in w hatever he has undertaken.

At the age of eighteen he was converteil in

Alexandria, \i\., and united with the Baptist
church (d' that city. His talents and inclinations
soon led him towards the ministry, and in October,
1858, he entered llichnn)nd College, where ho

MORTON 11T!V.\N WHARTON', D.D.

graduated in 1861. Jlis first pastorate was at
Bristol, Tenii., where he remained two 3'ears. He
then went to Georgia in hSrtl, as the agent of the
Virginia iV.rmy Colportiige Board, to collect funds.
During the latter part of the war he became the
successful iigent of " 'I'he Domestic and Indian .Mis-
sion Board'' of the Southern Baptist Convention.
•Vfter the w;tr he became successively the pastor
of the Eufaula, Ala., liaptist chtirch, where he wtis
instrumental in erecting ;i splendid and costly
house of worship; of the AValnut Street chuicii in
Louisville, Ky., wdiere he was renmrkably success-
ful, and wdiere he collected Itirge amouvds for
beinn'olent purposes; and of the Greene Street
church, Augusta, Ga., where, as in Louisville,' he
was instrumental in making great improvements
in the house of worship, and in adding a large
number to the membership of the chtircli. These
labors left him, in I8TI3, so coinplettdy broken
down in health that he retired to his farm in
Southwestern Georgia, where he remained in se-
clusion, until prevailed upon to accept an agency
to collect Georgia's quota for the Southern Bajilist
Theological Seminary. In that work he has been
very successful. At present he is the correspond-
ing secretary of the seminary to raise the §'A),(lOO
per annum necessary for the current expenses of
the institution, and he is succeeding admirably.

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WHEAT

1236

WHE BLOCK

During liis pastorate at Augusta tlie degreo of
Doctor III' Divinity was conl'orrcd on Ijiiu by tlie
Wasliingtoii and Lee IJiiiviM'sity, of Airgiiiia.

lit' is u tnistco of Mfro(;i- University, and oi' tlio
Baptist Orjilians' llinne; and lie is alscj a nieniljer
of tlie board uf trustees for the Soutliern Jiaptist
'I'lieological Seminary. As a preacher, liu is pos-
sessed of iiiueii oiatorieal povN'cr, luid he is highly
gil'ted intelleetually. His mental powers are ana-
lytical, anil he is blessed with an extraordinary
memory. He has proved himself equal tu any posi-
tion in which lie has been placed, and has never
failed, by his striking jmwers, to draw largo con-
gregations wherever he inis preaclied, and to in-
creasi,' greatly the membership of those churches
of which he has had charge.

Wheat, Judge Zacliariah, was bom in Bour-
bon Co., Ky., July 20, lyOG. lie chose the law
for his profession, and was admitted to the bar at
Columbia, Ky., in 182',). He soon established an
excellent rejiutation both for ability and integrity.
In liSi!2 he wasappoiiited Com nnin weal th'sattoiney,
and held tiie position, excepting a brief interval,
until 18-18, when he was appointed circuit judge
liy Gov. Crittenden. In 180G he was elected one of
the judges of the Court of Appeals, and at the close
of his term he resumed the practice of law at Co-
liimliia. la 1801 he removed to Shelbyville, Ky.,
where he practised until his death. He was a man
of gentle spirit and great generosity. He became
a Baptist in early life, and was a devout Christian,
Although never formally licensed to preach, he
fre({iiently filled the pulpit acce|itably in tlie
absiiice of his pastor.

Wheeler, Rev. Edwin S., son of Edwin B. and

Wary A. Wheeler, was Ihu-u In (iroton, Ciiiin., .\ui;.
4, 18;j0 ; studied at Ihimilton 'riicological Semi-
nary, jV. V. ; jiastiir of Baptist ciiiin-lies at \ew
London and Willimantic, Conn., iiahway, N. J.,
Valley Falls and East Greenwich, 11. I.; now
preaching in latter jilacc; was idiaplain of 8(Jth
U. S. Infantry during the civil war, at Port Hud-
son, serving two years; has traveled South and
written in regard to I'lurida.

Wheeler, Prof. Nelson, was burn in Uoyalston,
Mass., in 1814. He was a graduate of Yale (Col-
lege in the class uf I8ij0. After te'aching for a
time in Townshend, Vt., he was called to take charge
(if the ^Vorcester (-'uunty High Seliool in 1840.
Here he performed some of the best work of his
life. " Several devoted missionaries now in India,
and many persons well known among us for use-
fulness in professional and other callings, liavu
often testilied to his formative influ(!nce on their
early haliits and aci|iiiremonts." His excessive
labors as prineipal of the Worcester County High
School undermined his health, and he resigned his
positloa to take charge of the City Classical and

English School, where he remained until 1852,
when he was elected Professor of Greek in Brown
University. A comparatively brief period was
s(ient in the new |iositioii Ibr which he was so well
lilted. He was compelled to give up all his pro-
fessional work and yield to. the attacks of the in-
sidious disease which at last removed him from the
scene of his earthly labors to his reward in heaven.
He died at Uoyalston, Aug. 2.'"j, 18d5.

Wheeler, Osgood C, D.D., LL.D., is the pio-
neer Baptist pastor of Calil'ornia. He was liorn
at Butler, N. Y., March 13, 1810, converted at nine,
Ijaiitized at fifteen, and worked on his father's farm
till be was twenty; taught school two winters;
studied at Jliddleburg iVcademy ; graduated at
Madison University in i8-lu ; ordained at East
Greenwich, H. I., in November; (lastov there t\*o
years, and built a church edifice. Jn 18-17 became
pastor at Jersey City, and united three discordant
bodies into the Union churidi. In 1848 the Amer-
ican Bajitist Home Missiun Society, after he bad
repeatedly refused, gained his consent to become
its missionary to Californi;i. After a ninety days'
voyage, he reached San Francisco Fell. 28, 184'J,
organized a Sunday-seliool and clinreh of six mem-
bers, and built the lirst Protestant churcli edifice in
California that year. In January, 18.j2, he re-
moved to Sacramento, as pastor of the lirst church
there. In ]85o he was compelled by throat disease
to desist from |)veaeliing. I5ut partial recovery has
enabled him to resume this work, and for many
years he has preached in almost every part of the
State, and as regular supply to many of the
cbnrehes. He has edited and published the I'a-
i'IJi<: Jidiiiur, the first Ba|)tist pa|ier on the Pacific
coast, and tlie daily Tiiiius, and several large
volumes on agriculture. For thirty years he has
written almost continuously lor the press. In
1873, Ijy appointment, he wrote and carried through
the press a biographical work of 500 pages, " The
First Steamship Pioneers." He was chief clerk of
the Calil'ornia Legislative Assembly in 1804 ; also
U. S. interna,l revenue collector; was secretary
and manager of the U. S. Sanitary ('ommission in
California, and general agent of the Freedmen's
Commission. In 1871 ho was appointed to take
charge of .a department in the Central Paeilic llaii-
road, and still retains that position. In 1878 (Cali-
fornia (.'ollego conferred upon him the degree of
11.])., and in July, the same year, the degree of
LL.D. was conferred ii|ion him by the Southwest
Baptist University of Jai'kson, 'I'eun. In the midst
of his other important busino.s.s cares be preaches
nearly every Lord's day, is an honored counselor
in all Baptist enterprises, and a steadfast laborer
fur the upbuilding of the Baptist churches in Cal-
ifornia.
Wheelock, Rev. Edward Willard, was born

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W HID DEN'

1237

WHITE

in Boston, July 17, 1790. He liocaino a nioniber of
tlio Second ISaptist oluirch in Boston wln-'ii lio was
fiftei'u juars ol' a;^e. \V'hcn t'i;;|]tfcii ho became
a pupil of llcv. iMr. (Jliaplin, of Danvors, after-
^val■ds President Oliaplin, of M'atorville CJclle^e.
In April, 1S17, ho made application to the Baptist
Board of l''ori'i;;;n Missions to be cmpKiyed as thi'ir
missionary. In this application he says,'" 1 woulil
rather be a missionary of the Cross than a kmix on
a throne. 'J'o linrmali would 1 go ; in Burmah
wouKl I live: in Burmuli would I toil; in Jiurniah
would I die; and in ISurmah would 1 be buried."
His request was granted, and in company with
Jiinie.s ('olemau he embarked in Noveniber, 1.S17,
for Calcutta, and reached Jiangoon in September,
ISIS, to jiiin Mr. .ludson in liis missioimry labors.
He was not ilestined to see bis long-eherishcd hopes
gratifi(Hl. '('he seeds of consumptiun wliicli were
in him ripened intoasudden harvest. He lingered
for a brief period, oppressed with sadness that his
|>lans were thus blighted. On a passage from Cal-
cutta to Uaugoou, \\hicli he hail taken with the
ho|ie 111' being benelited by a change of air and
scene, he passed into a slate of eleliriunj, during
wdiich he threw lumsidf from his cabin- window
into the sea and was drowned. It was a grievous
loss to Hr. dudson, who, in a letter, says of him :
" Brother ^Vheelock has a heavenly spirit; from
my lirst ncqnaintaiure with him 1 bad special hopes
of his great usefulness among the natives. ]5nt
the Lord has seen. lit to disappoint our hopes."

Whidden, Hon. Charles, was bom in St.
(iiMiigv. \ew Brun-wiek, May 22, 1822. The
family leujoved to t'ahiis, Me., in 1S;',1, wdiere ho
liveil until the clnse iif life. He was a graduiite
of Waterville College in the class of iS-1,!. He
studied law, attending lectures at the Cambridge
Law-School in lSI7,iindwas admitted to the bar
in IS IS. He opened an olfice in Calais, where he
continued to ])ractise his ju-ofession till his death.

Mr. Whidden occupied a conspicuous place in
the busings and politics of Eastern Maine. In
his own city he was nmyor for two years, and in
his county, Washington, was district attorrn;y fur
twelve years. He n'presente<l Calais two years in
tlu! Maine Lcgislatui'e. For four years he was
collector of customs for l'assanuu|Uoddy district.
He; was also a member of the eomniissiun for detln-
ing the biiundary-line between iMaine and New
I5runswick, under the Lonl Ashburton treaty, ami
a memlier of the State commission for (he eqiniliza-
tion of municipal wanlebts. The slate of his health
obligi'd him to decliue an aiipuintiiU'rit which was
tenilercd to hiiu hy l<ov. (Chamberlain as as.Miciate
justice of the Supremi' Court. For seven years
he was a member ol" the board of trustees ol Colby
I'nivcrsity. His death occurred at Calais, Dec. o,
1876.

" Mr. Wliidden was a nuin of fine geniu'al ap-
pearance and bearing, a bold and indefatigable
leader, and a warm and generous friend."

Whidden, Rev. John, after his conversion, was
bapti/.ed and united with the l!a]itist church in
Antigonish, Nova Scotia, wdiere ho was ordained
Nov. 4, 18;)2. He labored in that town until his
di'atb, which oc,<:urre(l several years ago. His ]ias-
toral and missionary laboi's were of great service
to the cause of Christ in the counties of Antigonish
and (luysborough.

Whilden, Rev. B. W., was bom in Charleston,
S. C, on the 2'.ltli id'iMay, I.Sl'.l. He was baptized
by the elder Dr. i\[aidy i]i IS.iS, and licensed to
|irea(di by the First cliurch in IS3'.), and ordained
on his twenty-second birthday. He. was pastor of
the Baptist church in Camden. S. ( I., for four years.

In ISI9 he was sent by the .Sduthern Baptist
Convention as a missionary to Canton, (Miiiui.
About a year after his arrival he lost his wife, and
returned home with his ciiildi'cn. Having acted
for some time as agi:nt lor the Foreign jMissioii
Hoard, he married Miss Mary 11. Bonnctte, of
Orangeburg, S. C., and returned to (Jbiiur, wdiere
he remained two years, wliini Mrs. Wiiilden's fail-
ing sight caused him to return a second lime to his
native country.

Since that time he lias preached and taught in
various parts of his native State and (it^orgia. He
was at one time Professor of Belles-ijCttres and
Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages in Cher-
okee College, (Ja.

He has been editorially connected with several
ncwspa|iers, and is ihjw associate editor of the II-
liislraled Jlaj/lisl, and pastor of several churches in
South ('arolina. He has lw(j daughters in China,
Miss Lulu Whilden and Mrs. Williams.

White, Rev. Daniel, was born in 17S4 in Scot-
land; baptized by Rev. 1>. Me.Vrtliur in ISUO; came
to North Carolina in 1SII7, and established the
Spring Hill church in Kichmond County ; after-
wards served the Welsh Neck church in South
Carolina, but returned to Spring Hill, and spent
most of his long ami nsefnl life in Xoilh (.'arolina.
He preached both in (iaelic and Knglish, and was
greatly blessed in ri'vivals and in baptizing men
who became ministers of the gospel. Itev. Huncan
McNeil has written a memoir of this devout
.Scotchman.

White, Prof. John B., well known in Illinois
as an educator, was born at Bcuv, N. II., March 10,
ISKi, His mother was dcsecndod .from the family
of Carters, ilislinguished for palrioli.--m in eohoioil
and Ke\olutiiinary time>. His father was an ollieer
in the war ofJSI2, and rose to the rank of colonel.
Mr. While'.s preparation for cullcge was received at
Pembroke Academy and New Hampton Institute,
in New Hamiishire. He graduated at Brown Uni-

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■V-

WHITE

1238

WHITFIELD

voi'sity in 1S32, liiiviiig won espeoiiil distinction as
a soliolai' in iniitlii'niatics. His first aervico as
tcaclici' was at New llaiM|itnn, \v1iit(\ in conneotioii
witli iiiIht work oC instruction, lie oi!j;ani/,('J and
conilnctcil a nornnil class, irniilc n|) ol' persons |iii'-
]iavin;f to tcacli ; proliably tlie lirst, or at least oi\e
of tin! first, examples of a method of instruetion
which has since hccn so wiilely adopted. ilesoni-
ini; the stndv of law, interrnpted liy these dniies,
i\Ir. AVhite was adiiiitted to tin! bar, and rennived
to Illinois in IS^lfi, nialcinn his home at Circcnville,
in liond ('onnly. Ili're he speedily achieved a
distinction wliiidi caused his eleclion asjiidu;eof
probate in IS.'iT.

Jlr. White's evident sphere, liowever. was that
of a teacher. I'erhaps a conseionsness of this fact
led him, in ISilS, to aeee))t the (djair of Mathe-
matics and \atnral Philosophy in Wake Forest
Collec;e, N. I'. In KS.'id. a visit to (ii-cenvill.'. 111.,
his fiprnnn' place of residence, led to his rctnrn to
that place, and to a snccessfnl (dlurt, nnder his in-
S|iiralion and gnidance, to found there a college for
yoimt; women, uf which he was made president.
'L'he history of this enterprise is j;iven in another i
place. (See Almiha Coi.i,E(;i:.) Until a very recent |
date ,Mr. AVhite has remaine.l at the heail of the j
colh'ge. carrvinj^ the instilnlion forward sncci^ss- |
fully miller circumstances of <'.\ceptioinil dilliculty. t

.Ml-. White became a Christian while a student
of Pembroke ^VcadiiUiy. It was while he was a i
professor in Wake Forest Collet^e that special cir- j
cumstances seemed to lay upon him a ministerial
service, vesnitinj; in liis ordination. In the years I
IS.'j',) ;ind ISiil) lie sewed the church at ( ircenville I
as its pastor, and one year as chaplain of an II- I
linois re;;iaient in the late war.

White, Rev. William, was born in Ne«- York,

duly -(^. ITli^. S 1 after his birth Ids parents

i-i'iuoved to I'hiladelpliia. \vliere, wlnni younji;, lie
found the Saviour, and bec;auMJ a member of the
First li.iptist church, .\bout IT'J" he removed to
]i0.\borougli township, and by the lioxborough
church was licensed to preach in ITl'^i, and in it,
the followiuu; year, he was ordairn.'d. lie became
pastor of the New Britain church in 17'J"), and re-
nniined with that church for eight years. On Jan.
23, 1804, he became pastor of the Second I5aptist
church of Philadelphia. The church was not quite
a year in existence ; tlndr un.'etini^-house bad just
been dedicated, and their lirst [lastor Icit the im-
|)idse of their bright hopes, and was encouraged by
their zealous aiul united etVurts to spread tile gos-
pel. Mr. White was an elo(iucnt jireaelier, and a
thinker id' original powers. I'lxcept Dr. Staughton,
there was no man in Philadelphia or in Pennsyl-
vania the superior (d' the first pastor of the Second
church. His success was almost uru-xampled in
Philadelphia for those times. In thirteen years

he baptized over .000 persons, men and wonun\ of
intelligence, who remained faithful witnesses for
J<'sns during many subsequent yi'ars. 'I'hc results
id' .Mr. ^^'llite's labors are felt to this day in the ex-
istence and prosperity of some of the largest churches
in Philadel|dua. Mr. White removed from the
Second church in bSI7. and for some ytars gave
up )ircaihing. In IS2l2 he became pastor of the
iduirch at Lancaster, (.). ; subseipuuitly he was pas-
tor of the churches of .Muddy Prairie and (Jhilli-
cothe. He died Feb. 14, I.S43, in his seven ty-liflh
year.

Mr. ^\'hite was the author of a work on baptism
called '■ Chrislian liaplism, exhibiting Various
Proofs that the liinnersion of IJelievers in AVater
is the Only Kaptism.'' He had also gathered a
large amount of matter for a history of the liaji-
tists of the United States, which was destroyed by
the fire wddch nearly Ijurned down Chillicothe.
The destructiiin of these valuable nnmnscripts was
a denominational inisfiutuin'.

White, Rev. W. J. (colored), jiastor of the
llaruiony Baptist church of Augusta, (ia., is one
of the most intelligent, useful, and hard-working
cohn-ed ministers cd' the Stale. He was baptized,
and united with the .Springfield Baptist chinch of
Augusta, Oct. 7, l.'so.'i. He was liccnsi'd to preach
in ISO'J, and was (udained to the ministry April 1,
l.SGt). In 1859 he organized a Sunday-school, which
he superintended until I8().S, when, with a few others,
he formed the Harmony church, to the pastin-ate of
which he was called in July of that year. The
.Sunday-school he instituted belongs to the church
of which he is pastiu'. He has taken an active )iart
in the organization of the colored liaptists of Geor-
gia since the war. He was elected treasurer of
the State Convention when it was formed in 1870,
a post to which be has been annually re elected
since. For years he has been treasurer of the
Shiloh .'Vssociation, and for a year and a half he
was missionary agent of the Slate ('onventioii, re-
signing on account of ill health. ^Vlien the Col-
ored Georgia Baptist Sunday-.Scliool Convention
was established at Macon, in 187-, he was elected
its president, and held the position for several years.
At present he is the corresponding secretary of both
the Missionary Baptist Convention and the .State
Sumiay-School Convention of Georgia, and fills these
positions with great ability and success.

Whiteside, James, as the son of one of the
earliest settlers of Illinois, from whom the county
of Whiteside receives its nniiio, and liimsidf one of
the oldest citizens of IMadison (."ounty, as well as
for his personal worth, should have a brief memo-
rial here. He was horn near Troy, 111., and died
at that place Jan. .'10, 1S(J8, aged sixty-three. He
was a useful and inlluential man.

Whitfield, Theo., D.D., was born in Missis-

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^vIlIrlNG

1239

WIIITSITT

sip|ii ; i:r;i(liuitL'(l iit ClKi|iel Hill, N. C, in 1S54;
stuilii'J lla'iiloiiv iit Niwtoii, Mass. ; Wiis at uiio
lime |iriiK'i|j!il ol' a liliml asylum in iMississippi ;
was i'nilV^ssui- ol' Circ'ck in llie UniviM'sity of Mis-
.siiiiri ; editor ol' liaplisi |]a]iL'r at I\Ioi-iiliaii, ^Miss. ;
ciimi; to (vliai'lotto, N. C, as [lastur' in IS7-t, wliore
lie still reiiuiins ; was made a 1). 1*. liy .\V'ak(! Fofest
Ciillriiv. in 1.S7.S.
Whiting, Charles, D.D., the incsont pastor

ol' iliu liaptist (.liiirch i]i (Janton, 111., onu of thu
largi^st and must prospcron.s in tlie .State, was boi-u
in IJoston, Mass., Feb. 24, 1830. When lie was
seven years of a^e his father I'emoved to Missonri,
where he received his uiUieation thronj;h private
tutors. Tie entered the liaptist ministry in hSCiO,
when he was oi-dained as pastor of the Dover
IJaptist ehnreh. His siibse(pient pastorates have
heen at Ijoimville and Springfield, .Mo., Fort Seott,
Kansas, l^iiiney. III. (First elnireh), and his pres-
ent QUO at Canton. He has held stronu'ly the re-
iiaril of his |ieople on these various lields, aiul has
won distinetion both as preueher and li'ctni'er.

Whitman, Rev. S. S., a native of Shaftsbnry,
Vt;., was eonverti.'d and baptized at the aj;e of
twelve years. He was a i^raduate of Hamilton.
He also studied theoloijy at Andover, and i^radu-
ated I'roni Newton 'I'heologieal .Seminary in 1827.
lie was one of the three stmlents that formed its
first class. Dr. Barinis .Sears, recently deceased,
was another of the three. Immediatidy u|ion his
graduation from Newton, Mi-. Whitman was called
to the chair of liibliiial Interpretation in Hamilton
Thi'ological Institute. He held this jiosition seven
years with great ability. He was compelled to re-
tire from this work on account of the almost entire
failure of his health. In 183() ho accepted a call
to the pastorate of the First Baptist church in ]5el-
videre, III., an infant church of fimrt(^en members,
located in a Held entirely new. Here he remained
ten years, building up one of the largest ami most
ellieient eiiurches in the Northwest, a church re-
maining to this day of great power and usefulness.
With health utterly broken down, he resigned the
care of the church, and fur several years retired
from all active labor. In June, IS.")!, with health
somewhat restored, be took (duvrge of the liajitist
ciiurch in Madison, Wis. His work here was of
the briefest chiiracter, but awakened the highest
hopes of the church and community. He died
Jan. 2, 18.!)2, having sei-yed the church about eight
months.

He was a minister of the highest culture and of
entire consecration to his work. His daily life
exhibited the loveliest traits of the Christian char-
acter. He filled every posltimi with honor. As
a professor, be attained the highest rank; as a
preacher, he attracted crowds to his faithful pre-
sentation of gospel truth, and l)uilt up from the

foundation a church of great stnnigth. As ii pas-
tor, he was gentle, winning, and faithful, and suc-
cess attended ail bis work. He has lelt a nu.'mury
sacredly (dierisbed by nnillitudes in Noiiheru Illi-
nois and .Southern Wisconsin.

Whitsitt, Rev, James, was born in Andierst

Co., \'a., -Ian. 31, 1771, and educated in the Kpis-
i-opal Church, then the r>tablishe'd ehurcli (d \ \y-
ginia.

In the year 178'Jbe made a profession of religion,
and was bajitixcd by llev. Joseph Anthony, an
earnest Baptist minister. He entereil at once with
great zeal into the revival then |irevailing, not only
praying and exhorting, but a]ipoinling and conduct-
ing meetings ; and So aci:eptable were his ell'oits that,
within a few we(d;s, the church gave him a formal
license to preach the gospel.

In the year 17'.M) he removed to Davidson Co.,
Tenn., then alnuist a wilderness. The history of
Mr. Whitsitt's labors would l)e substantially the
history id' the Baptists in the Cumberlaiul A'alley.
His co-laborers were Dilhdiunty, McConnicu, and
others, — all men of decideil ]iower, and eminently
fitted to do good .service ;is pioneers in the cause
of Christ.

He took the pastoral charge of four ehnrches, —
INIill Creek, Coneurd. Kocks|uang, and I'r(jvidence.
He euntinued his laburs with these churches from
thirty to forty years, up to the time that the in-
llrmities of age compelled him to circumscribe his
efforts and remain mostly at home.

Mr. Whitsitt was present at the organization of
the Moro District, the first Association formed in
the Cumberland Valley. In this, and otlnus of
wliieh he was subse(|uently a meiulier, his influence
was ]iaramount. This Association originally in-
eluded all the churches in Tennessee west of tlie
mountains. .

His connection with it continued until the forma-
tion of the Cumbei'land Association, to which his
churches were transferred, and he, of course, went
with them. Afterwards the Concord Association
was formed, which incltideil the churches of Jlr.
Whitsitt; with it he renniined to the d;iy of his
death. He tilways attended the annual meetings
of these Associations while his health would per-
mit.

He resigned his charge at Mill Creek and, having
obtained a letter of dismission, joined the First
church in Nashville, with which he remained till
the close of his life. Meanwdiile he continued to
preach in dill'crcnt ehnrches, as his health would
|iermit.

The summer and autumn previous to his decease
he supplied the |iulpit of the .Second church in
Nashville, in the absence of the past(ir, most of the
time; and, in iiddition to this, preached funeral
sermons, and performed uther occasioinil services

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WHITSITT

1240

Win ERG

at tlie lioiises of friends in tliu nLMgliborliood. lie
al^o wroto niiiny iU'ticlcs I'or tlie relii^ious press,
some of wiiieli were tleeitleilly anioiii; his b^'st pro-
iluetioiis. On the second Lord's day in Octuljer,
184S, lie was with his iliurch in Nashville, at their
oonuiHuiioii. His address on that occasion was
pooiiliarly alTectiji!,'. '' And now, brethren and
sist(n-s, farewidl. Wo shall meet no njoro upon
earth. This is our last interview. 1 am old and
rapidly siukini;, 'l"he winter is almost n|)()n ns,
durinj; which I cannot visit you, and before the
sprinu; comes I shall die. Farewell." This was,
indeed, his last meeting with them, lie died in
perfect peace on the 12th of A|iril, 1H4'J, in the
seventy-ninth \'ear of his age.

As a minister of the gospel, he held a very high
rank. His sermons were always able, and had the
appearance of being elaborately prepared. Mr.
Whitsitt's conce|itioiis were clear and accurate.
The reasoning faculty was of unusual strength,
and no metaphysical subtleties ever confused him.
In the latter part of his life liis sermons became
loss argumentative and more practical, lli^ was
also oocasionally intensely iiathetic, and the elfect
of his utterances at such times was woll-liigh over-
whelming. He was the uniform and earnest friend
of missions, and had a [irimary agency in origina-
ting and sustaining the missionary oiierations of
our State.

Whitsitt, William Heth, D.D., Professor of
Uiblical Introduction and Kcclesiastieal History
in the Southern Baptist Thccdogieal Seminary,
was horn near Nashville, Tenn,, Nov. 2.'"), 1S4I.
He entered Union University in 1S.')7, from which
he graduated in 1861. Tiie same year he entered
the Confederate army as a )U'ivate, was soon
afterwards ]iromoti'd to the chaplaincy, and served
in that ea|iacity until the closi' cd the war. He
was twice captured, and was conlincd in diD'erent
military prisons about twelve' months. In J8(JG
he entered tlic University of Virginia, and in 1807
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, re-
maining at the latter two years. In ISb'J he went
to Europe, where he spent over two years in study
at Leip.sic ami Berliji. On his return to America,
be accepted the pastorate of the Baptist church in
Albany, Ga., in February, 18"-. In September of
the same year he entereil u|ion the duties of his
present position, when he delivered his inaugural
address, entitled " The Relation of Baptists to Cul-
ture," which was published in the Jld/itisl Qaar-
lei-Jy. In 1 878 he published a pamphlet on the
•' History of the Rise of Infant Baptism,'' and an-
other, on "The llisti.ry of (.'ommuniun among
Baptists," in 18Stl.

Wiberg, Rev. Andreas, was born in 18l((, near
Huililisvall, in the noi-thcastern part of Sweden.
When he was fourteen years of age, his mind wa.s

deeply impressed in consequence of his escape
from death by drowning, and he felt the inijior-
tanco of being pre|iared to die. This impression
was followed by a desire to do something to prove

>/ 1 \

REV. ,\N1IKEAS WlBEliO.

the sincerity of his gratitude to God for his deliver-
ance. He entered the University of U|)sala in
183.'), and studied four years. Although i'or a time
under the influence of skejitical opinions, he at last
emerged from his spiritual darkness, and became q,
hopeful Christian. He was set apart as a priest
in the state church in 1843. Having douhls about
the propriety of admitting unconverted [lersons to
the Lord's table, he left his work as a prie.^t for a
setison, and was occupied for two years in tJ-ans-
lating and publishing some of Luther's works, and
in the editorial charge of a paper called Tlie Evan-
gelist. During this time he was brought into con-
nection with some Christians in the north of Swe-
<len who held views similar to his own, and the
.symp.-ithy which he expressed for these brethren
led to his being the subject of persecution.

Mr. Wiberg visited Hamliurg in the spring of
18.51, and made the act|Uaintanceof Jlr. Oncken, and
saw the workings of the Baptist church under his
pastoral charge, it was not lojig before his views
on the subject and mode <if baptism underwent a
change, and he was baptized at the island of .\nuiger,
near Copenhagen, July 23, I.N.J2, by Itev. .Mr. Nilson.
He was then on his way tn New York. .Vrriving in
this country, lie was bniiight into lonncctiou with
the Baptists of tliat city, and for a lime labored
as colporteur of the American Baptist Pubcliation

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WIKR

1241

WIG HTM AN

Society among soaiiien. Before leaving SweJen Mr.
AViberg had wiittou a boolc on baptism. Tliia book
had been published and circuhitud in Sweden, and
scores and hundreds of persons were beginning to
be shaken in their views of tlie subject. Those wlio
embraced Baptist sentiments were at once subjected
to severe persecutions, but tlie work Vent on, and
multitudes were brought to accept the " I'aitii once
delivered to the saints." Tlic Publication Society
decided to establish a system of colportage in
Sweden, and to place Mr. Wiberg at its head. Mr.
Wiberg sailed from this country the 8tli of Sep-
tember, 1855, and on reaching Sweden at once com-
menced his labors. Ilow earnest and how successful
these labors have been may be seen in the history
of the mission to Sweden. Twenty-six years have
passed since Mr. Wiberg landed at Stockholm.
During that time, with the blessing of God on his
work, and that of the hundreds of earnest disciples
of Christ who have been associated with him, what
was the " little one" has literally become •' a thou-
sand." The Baptists in Sweden numlier about
20,000, and still the work goes steadily and hope-
fully on. To have been a eo-worker with God in
bringing about sucii results might well gratify the
desires of any large-hearted Christian.

Wier, Deacon Stephen M., was born in Glas-
tonbury', Conn., March '1'), 1814; trained on a
farm and in rural schools ; converted under the
preaching of Rev. Rolin II. Neale, D.D., and bap-
tized by him in 183C ; always been an active
Baptist; at the age of forty became a manufac-
turer ; successful amid all changes and losses ;
served as one of the selectmen of the town ; two
years on the board of education ; four years a mem-
ber of the common council ; one year as alderman ;
twice chosen deacon ; a number of years super-
intendent of the Sunday-school ; a strong, steady
worker.

Wightman, Edward, of Burton-upon-Trent,
England, was accused before the bisluip of Lich-
field and Coventry, and on the 14th of December,
IGll, was condemned of numerous heresies. The
only charges of supposed false doctrine against Mr.
Wightman, about the truth of which there was no
doubt, were that he believed " the baptism of in-
fants to be an abominable custom ; that the Lord's
Supper and baptism should not be celebrated as
they are now practised in the Church of Lngland ;
aTid that Christianity is not wholly professed and
preached in the Church of England, hut only in
part."

For these shocking doctrines the gentle Richard,
Episcopal shepherd of Lichlield ami Coventry, de-
livered Mr. Wightman to the secular power, ac-
cording to the custom of the Inquisition, to be
burned alive. And James I., who could not bear
the sight of a naked sword, and who had just
79

issued the present version of the Scriptures, ordered
our nolile Baptist brother to be committed to the
llaraes. His body was reduced to ashes on the
11th of April, 1012, at Lichlield. And he died so
cheerfully that he gathered a harvest of glory from
the blazing fagots that consumed his body, and
from the same IJerce llamco James reajied a harv(!8t
of infamy, which stopped all future liery sacrifices
during his reign.

Wightman, Rev. Frederick, son of John and
Sarah (Greene) Wightman, was born in Warwick,
R. I., April 11, 1779: baptized into the fellowshi|i
of the Coventry Baptist church by Rev. Charles
Stone in May, 1801 ; had deep experiences ; began
preaching in 18'i2-3; settled in Ashford, Conn.;
ordained in September, 1807, and labored with
large success for eleven years; removed in 1817 to '
Middletown {now Cromwell), Conn., and preached
fifteen years; in 1832 settled with the, First Bap-
tist church in East Lyme, Conn., and was emi-
nently successful ; returned to Cromwell church
for two years ; then three years with the church in
Iladdam ; then in Wetherstleld ; then three years
with Second church in East Lyme ; everywhere
prospered ; preached forty years ; delivered over
7000 sermons; greatly interested in missions;
sound in doctrine : fervent in spirit ; foremost
among his brethren ; died in Cromwell, Conn.,
Oct. 5, 185G, aged seventy-seven.

Wightman, Rev. John Gano, youngest son of

Rev. 'Timothy and Mary (Stoddard) Wightman,
was born in Groton, Conn., Aug. 16, 1766. He
was ba|itized into the First Baptist church in bis
native town in 17'.(7, and succeeded his father in
the pastorate of the church, receiving ordination
Aug. 13, 1800. Like his grandfather, Valentine,
and his father, Timothy, he was distinguished for
solid and practical, rather than glittering, cpiali-
ties ; hence the abiding results of his ministry.
Of a susceptible and ingenuous nature, of fervent
and consistent piety, of goodly personal appear-
ance and bearing, he won a high rank in the coun-
cils and associations of the Baptist denomination.
In executive positions he was composed, ready,
impartial, dignified. To an attack made on his
church by the Rogerine t^iakers, in a iiamphlet
entitled "The Battle-Axe," he simply rejilied,
" The axe will cut farther backward than forward,"
which proved to be true. His surviving writings
are found in "Circular Letters," prepared for the
Stonington Union Association, and a sermon on
the death of Adams and Joffvrson. Like his pre-
decessors, he was a stanch advocate of religious
liberty. His influence was felt in securing a
change in the constitutiim of the State indorsing
the principles of liberty first introduced into the
colony liy his grandfather. Not less than ten sea-
sons of revival were experienced under his minis-

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WIGHTMAN

1242

WIGHTMAN

try, some of tlioiii powerful aiiJ wiilo-sprciKl, and
tlio paront oluircli sent out its braueli — tlio Tliird
Baptist cliiircli in Groton — in IHIil. lie died July
13, 18-11, in tlie seventy-liftli year of liis age, and
after a ministry to tlie cliiircli wliich his father
served of fortyono years. His body was laid in
tlie eluireli-yard by tlie side of his father."

Wightman, Rev. Joseph Colver, was l)orn in
Orotun, <-'unn., .Jan. 3, Is2.>. lie is a jiradinite of
Brown University, and of Newton 'I'heolugieal Sem-
inary. He was a resident graduate of Brown Uni-
versity, and taught mathematics. He was ordained
in April, 1S57; preached in South. Abington one
year, and was pastor of tiio Baptist church in Mid-
dictuwn four years; was chafdain of 2ltli Krginicnt
Conn. Vols., and pastor of the first l!u|itisl chun/h
in New London, Conn., three years, ['reached for
the North Avenue liaptist cliurch, Cambridge, two
years. In 1870 he became district secretary of the
American Bible Union, and in 1S73 pastor of the
"Winthrop Street Baptist church, Taunton. He is
the author of '' Christian Union," •'Comparative
llcliginn,'' "The Law of Worship," '-Church
Finance," and ''The Messiah."

Wightman, Stillman K., A.M., only child of

Rev. Frederick Wightman, was born in Rhode
Island in 1S03 ; much of his life spent in Middle-
town, Conn. ; graduated from Yale College in
1825; member of the State Legislature from 183-5
to 1842, and for three years Speaker of the house ;
baptized in 1852 by Riiv. Spencer II. Cone, D.D.,
and united with the Fii'st Baptist church in New
York City, where he yet renuiins ; has attiiined
eminence in the legal profession ; has occupied
prominent positions upon the board of the Ameri-
can Baptist Homo Mission Society; his judgment
and counsel are sought and prized ; a man wearing
and deserving honors.

Wightman, Rev. Timothy, son of Rev. Valen-
tine and Susanna (Holmes) ^Vightnlan, was born
in Groton, Conn., Nov. 20, 1719. In 1754 ho suc-
ceeded his father in the [)astoral care of the First
Baptist church of Groton, though he modestly
refused ordination until May 20, 1750. The early
(lart of his ministry was made laborious by the
upheaval of affaii's in the State by the Separa-
tists from the standing order; but be was e(iual
to the emergency; The Separate movement was
especially strong in Eastern Ccninecticut, and in the
whole State about forty Separate churches were
formed. Most of these Separatists filially became
Baptists. Mr. Wigiitman was also tried by the
erratic ideas and ])ractices of a band of Rogerino
(Quakers that aimed at times to disturb his meet-
ings; ))Ut liis serenity and good judgment foiled
their designs. His ministry also extended through
the stormy period of the Revolution, in which he
uobly acted tlie part of a patriot. He was a plain.

fearless, discreet, faitliful preacher, and a thor-
oughly good man, like liis honored father before
him.

Mr. AVigli till ail's ministry was marked liy revivals;
in 1704 mon^ than thirty were added to the church,
and in the following year was formed the second
Baptist church in the town ; in 1775 nearly forty
were added, and a church was formed in North
Groton; in 1784 eighty-four were added; another
revival occurred in 1780-87. Like a Jewish
priestly family, the Wightmans, in every genera-
tion, li.'tve had their distinguished preachers. Tim-
othy died Nov. 14, 1790, in his seventy-eighth year,
and after a ministry of forty-two years, the exact
|jcriod of his father's pastorate. He was buried in
the church-yard by the side of bis father. Ilia
epi(a|ili might read, Modi-nt, sidid worth. Rev.
Reuben Palmer preached his funeral discourse.

Wightman, Rev. Valentine, the first Baptist

minister in Connecticut, was born in North King-
ston, R. I., in 1081. He was a descendant of
Edward Wightman, the Baptist, wlio was Inirned
for heresy at Lichfield, England, in 1012. His
fatlier was one of five brothers who canie to this
country, all of whom were Baptists, — two were
preachers, two deacons, and one a private member.
Valentine was ordained in Rhode Island ; removed
to Groton, Conn., in 1705, and planted the First
Baptist church, — the first in the town and the first
in the State ; he afterwards assisted Rev. Nicholas
Eyres, from 1712 to 1714, in planting the first Bap-
tist church in the city and State of New York ; was
a well-educated and scholarly man ; was a mission-
ary throughout Eastern Connecticut; aided in
planting churches in Stonington, Waterford, and
Lyme ; wrote a tract in defense of orderly and
trained singing; had the famous debate, June 7,
1727, at Lyme, with Rev. John Bulkley, of Col-
chester, the champion of the stauding order, in
which it is conceded that Mr. Wightman was the
victor; both parties afterwards published their de-
bates in volumes ; the heads of discussion were (I)
The Subjects of Baptism, (2) The Mode of Baptiz-
ing, (3) The INIaintenance of Gospel Ministers. Mr.
Wightman's writings show that he was a student
of the Scriptures and of the patristic writings,
with a well-balanced mind, of calm but decided
spirit, of sound judgment, clear convictions, warm
heart, plain and transparent speech, a wise man in
laying foundations. He was married to Susanna
Holmes Feb. 10, 1703, and left descendants, who
have been honored in the ministry to this day.
After the scenes and labors of the Great Awaken-
ing, in which ho labored and rejoiced, he died June
9, 1747, at the age of sixty-six, and after a minis-
try of forty-two years. His name will endure on
the roll of the fathers that opened the wilderness
and, in the namo of the Lord, laid the goodly

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WILCOX

1243

WILD MAN

foundations upon wliiuh succeeding generations
luivo jovluUy Imilt. His grave is in Oroton, Conn.

Wilcox, Rev. Asa, ol' Weatei-iy, 11. I., snecessor
of Rev. Isaiuh Wileux, was ordained Feb. 18, 181*2 ;
a man of culture in liis day, and ready with his
]ien ; labored as an evangelist; removed to Connec-
ticut; successful and bouorod ; died in Colcbesl(!r,
<Ionn., in 18o2; bis remains removed to Ksscx,
Conn., one of liis iields of labor, and laid by tbe
side of the liaptist cliiireb.

Wilcox, Rev. Isaiah, of Westerly, 11. 1., was
baptized in February, 1705; ordained Feb. 14,
1771 ; was tbe first pastor of the church organized
in 17')f), and known as tbe Wilcox church, a fruit
of the Great Awakening; large man, with splen-
did voice; an able preacher in his day ; under his
ministry a revival, beginning in 1785, continuing
through nearly three years, added more than 200
to the church. He died JIarch 3, 1795, at tbe age
of fifty-live.

Wilder, Rev. William, was born in Hnckland,
Franklin Co., Slass., IMarch 31, 1819. In his sev-

REV. Wil.l.lAM Wll.DEl!.

entoenth year he was converted, and united with
tbe Presbyterian (Miui-cli, in the faith of whicli lie
had been educated by his parents. Three years
later his attention was called to the subject of bap-
tism. After an earnest and patient e.xaminatiim,
he was surprised tu learn that sprinkling was never
alluded to as baptism in the ^\^lrd of God, and that
infants were not mentioned as subjects of bap-
tism, but that believers oTiiy received tbe ordinance
from apostolic bands. He united with the fJapli.st

Church in September, 1841, and the same year en-
tered the academic department of iMadison Univer-
sity, N. y. He graduated in 1S4I), and studied a
year in the theological seminary. In 1847 he set-
tled as pastor in Baltimore, Md. In 18.50 removed
to New Britain, I'a., where be remained as i)astor
until IS54, wlieii he became |iaslor of the Upland
church, and continued with it about eleven years.
In 1805 he settled with the Olivet church, Phila-
delphia, and in I8G9 with the First church, Bridge-
ton, N. J. In 1871 ho removed to Rliniteapolis,
Minn., having accepted the pastorate of the First
Avenue Baptist cliureh. In 1874 became pastor
of the First eluireh at Cedar Rajiids, Iowa. In the
midst of a prosperous pastorate he was enfeebled
by a severe and jirotracted sickness, and resigned.
He was for a year financial secretary of the Iowa
Baptist State Convention. In 1877 he became pas-
tor of tlie church at Hampton, Icjwa, where he now
resides. He has shared largely in the general work
of tbe denominatitm. For twelve yetirs he was on
the board of tlie American Bafitist Publication So-
ciety, and during this entire time was one of the
committee on publiivitiona. Mr. AVilder possesses
scholarly culture, deep piety, great modesty, and
every fitness for usefulness.

Wildman, Rev. Daniel, son of Capt. Daniel

Wildman, was burn in Itanbur^', Conn., Dec. 10,
1704; subject of convictions when young ; deeply
wrought upon and converted when about twenty-
two years of age ; for a tinu) a school-teacher ; li-
censed to preach by tbe Baptist church in Daiibury,
in 1791, at the age of twenty-seven; commenced
his ministerial labors iit Plymiuith, Conn., where he
continued until 1790, when lie removed to Wolcott,
where be was ordained, and renuiined two years;
in 1798 removed to Bristnl, where his toils resulted
in the erection of a meeting-bouse and in greatly
enlarging the clinrch ; in 1804 he settled in Jlid-
dletown, and was favored with a revival ; in 1805
gave a part of his time to Sullield (First church),
as he was now in the zenith of his strength ; in 1806
returned to Bristol, and labored about twelveyears ;
thence to Stratlield, and toiled about three years;
thence to Bristol again, and yet again to Strat-
lield at times; in 1820 preached half tbe time in
<'armel, N. Y., and baptized about 300 persons;
spent a few years in Licking Co., 0.; in 1820 re-
turneil to Connecticut; settled with tbe church in
New London for three years; in one year received
seventy members ; afterwards served churches in
Kussell, Jlass., Mcriden, Conn., V^irst church in
Norwich, and cinii-ch in Andiivcr; died in Lelja-
nnn, Ciinn., Feb. 21, 1849, aged eighty-live ; devout,
able, beloved man.

Wildman, Rev. Nathan, son of Rev. Daniel
^\'ililmaii, was bcirti in l!i-i>tol, Conn., Feb. 22,
1790 ; converted at the age of eighteen ; commenced

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WILTIOIT

1244

WILKINSON

his ministry at tlie ai^o of twenty-five ; pastor at
AVeston, Siillielii, Now London, AVatcrford, Li;l)a-
non, Plainville, and in otlicM- fields; an earnest and
impressive preaoiier ; tender and melting iii Ids
uppeiils ; often called to labor in revivals; pecu-
liarly gifted in prayer; skilled in pastoral visiting;
during his ministry baptized more tTian SOO per-
sons ; married a daughter of Uev. Mr. Darrow, of
AVaterlbrd -. his only daughter is wife of Rev. Jacob
Gardner; died at Plainfield, Conn., Feb. 10, 1859,
beloveil by all who knew him.

Wilhoit, Rev. Fielding-, was born April 14,
17'JV), in Iventiudcy; remcjved with his father to
Missouri in 1818. lie was converted and com-
menced preaching in 182fj. lie labored in eleven
counties in Central Missouri, and over 4000 were
converted under his niini.stry, most of whom were
baptized by himself, and among them S. 11. Ford,
LL.D., the late T. C. Harris, and Rubert, who is
still a standard-bearer in the ministry of Missouri.
lie aided in organizing the Genei'al Association, and
was several years the moderator. He was tlie co-
laborer of l-)oyle. Flood, Fristoe, and Thomas. To
A. 1'. AVilliams he was the Apidlos in revival meet-
ings. He liied in November, 1872.

Wilhoit, Stephen, was born in Mercer Co.,
Ky. He removed to Missouri in 1819, and settled
in Boone County. He was a successful farmer of
energy, integrity, and public spirit. He contrib-
uted to the State University and to William Jewell
College. He stood-high asaciti^ien, and as a mem-
ber of his church. He was treasurer of the Gen-
eral Association of Missouri in 1844. He often
went on missionary tours with his brother, Field-
ing Wilhoit. He had an ardent love for the spread
of the gospel ; was moderator of the Mount Pleas-
ant Association for years, after the death of Row-
land Hughes. Ilia son, James M. AVilhoit, of St.
Louis, is a valuable and liberal member of the
Fourth Baptist church of St. Louis. The subject
of this sketch died Oct. 4, IStiT.

Wilkes, Rev. Washington, was born in Marl-
borough District, S. C, March 2(i, 1822. His parents
settled in Barliour Co., Ala., wdicn he was twelve
years of age, where he was baptized, in 1845, by
the Rev. Peter Eldridge ; ordained in 1847 ; en-
tered Howard College in 1848, where he graduated
in 1S51. For seventeen years after leaving college
his field of ministei'ial labor was in Autauga County,
where he was mainly instrumental in the formation
and growth of the Unity Association and its strong-
est churches. Since that time for more than ten
years he has resided in Talladega County, where
he has been pastor of several of the best churches.
Mr. Wilkes is a preacher of more than averaL'O
ability, and holds a place in the front ranks nf (be
Alabama pulpit. He is pleasantly located with the
church at .Sylacauga.

Wilkes, Rev. William Clay, president of the
Georgia I5a])tist vSeminary, at tiaim'sville, a dis-
tinguished educator, was born in Spartanburg Co.,
S. C, Sept. 9, 1819. His father, Deacon Joseph
Wilkes, and his mother, Delphia W. Clay, were
natives of Virginia. In December, 1829, the family
removed from South Carolii\a to Georgia, and set-
tled in Putnam County. Mr. AV^ilkes joined tho
church at Eatonton in 1837, though he had been
converted while a school-boy. Having had excel-
lent academical advantages, he entered the Fresh-
man class of Mercer Univei'sity in 1839, and, while
in college, the Penlield church licensed him to
preach in 1841. In July, 1843, he graduated with
the highest honors of his class ; returned home and
entered immediately, as an educator, upon that use-
ful and honorable course which he has continued
to the ])resent time (ISSO). Called to become its pas-
tor by the Milledgevillc church, he was ordained
in Eatonton in 1849, and since that period has
preached constantly, serving in the mean while many
churches. For sixteen years he taught at Forsythe
College; he founded and built up Monroe Female
College. He is the father of Spaldirjg Seminary,
a flourishing chartered school in JNIacou County.
He organized and Ijuilt up Crawford High School,
at Dalton, which at one time threatened to outstrip
Mercer University. He also built and established
the Geoi'gia Baptist Seminary, at Gainesville, a
flourishing institution under the auspices of the
Georgia Baptist Convention. A num of fine in-
tellectual |)Owers, a popular preacher, and at times
useful as an editor, Mr. Wilkes has made his life
a great success, if success is to be nieasured by
useful results. He has, in a greater or less degree,
educated nearly 3000 boys and girls, and he has
baptized 1000 persons. Though past his three-
score years, he is still a strong and healthy man.

Wilkinson, Wm. Cleaver, D.D., Professor of
llomiletics and Pastoral Theology in Rochester
Seminary, was born in Westford, Vt., Oct. 19,
1833; graduated at Rochester University in 1857,
and the Theological Seminary in 1859. He im-
mediately made a pedestrian tour through Great
Britain. Upon his return to America he took pas-
toral care of the Woostcr Place Baptist church,
New Haven, Conn., in November, 1859. He re-
signed because of ill health in 1861, and made a
tour of Eui'opo. Ho returned, in 1863, to become
tutor in the University of Rochester. Soon after
he became pastor of Mount Auburn church, Cin-
cinnati, 0. This charge he resigned in 1866, and
opened a private school in 'J'arrytown, N. Y. In
1872 he was elected to the position he still holds in
Rochester Theological Seminary.

Prof. Wilkinson is one of the ablest writers of
America, and contributes to the leading news-
papers, secular and religious. His chief publica-

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WILLARD

1245

WILLET

tioiis are " Tliu Dance of Modern Society," 1SG9;
'■A Free Lance in tlie Field of Lettei-s," 1874;
" Foi-e.sliadowing" and "Enticed," jjoenis of much
real merit.

Willaid, Rev. Benjamin, was bom in Lanoa.s-
ter, i\Ia.ss., in ITS.'J, and joined the Uaptiat church
in Harvard in ISOO, by wliich lie was licensed to
[n-each the j^ospel in 1818. His hthors were greatly
Ijlessed to the conversion of souls in Littleton, and
were attended with much fruit in his missionary
tours in Northern New England aiul Canada, under
the direction of the JLissachusetls liaptist Mission-
ary Society, lie spent the winter of 182'-!-li3 in
Northampton, Mass., and under his ministry a
church was gathered in that beautiful village,
made so menmrable as Iniving been the home of
the ceieljrated Jonatlnin Edwards. Mr. Willard
was ordained Nov. 12, 1823. It was not until
July 20, 1820, that the church to which he minis-
tered was publicly recognized. I5y his own per-
sonal application, in a large degree, the means for
the erection of a meeting-house wore procured, and
the ediBee was dedicated July 8, 1829. lie con-
tinued to act as pastor of the church until 183S,
wdien he resigned. For several years he labored
us an evangelist in Vermont, among the feeble
churchea of that State, fie died at llolycjke,
Mass., Dec. 2, 18112.

Willard, Rev. Chas. M., was born at Saxton's
River, V^t., Aug. 27, 1815; baptized tit (jrafton,
1834; ordained, in 1841, at Drewsville, N. 11.
Ilis preparatory studies at Hamilton Institution,
now Madison University, were interrupted by ill
health, but lie iuid been a pupil of iiis brother.
Rev. Erastus Willard, and studied theology with
Rev. Isaac M. Willmarth, at New Ipswich, N. II.
He was an earnest, useful, and successful pastor
at Drewsville, N. II., Ogdensburg, N. Y., Fitzwil-
liani, N. II., Still River, Mass., Eastport, IMe.,
Littleton, Mass., and First SuHield, Conn. He died
in 1877.

Willard, Rev. Erastus, of Baptist ancestry,
was born in Lancaster, .Mass., July 4, 1800; went
in boyhood with his jiarcnts to Vermont; baptized
in 1820, at Saxton's River, by Rev. Josejih Elliott,
with whom he fitted for college ; was graduated at
Waterville College (now Colby University) in 1829 ;
Ktu<lied at Newton Theological Institution ; ordained
pastor at Grafton, Vt., Oct. 30, 1833; appointed to
the French mission in 183o, where ho continued
till 1856 (see article Mission' to France) ; served
American Baptist Missionary Union as missionary
to the Ottawas, in Kansas, 1857-(iO; after two
brief pastorates he settled, in March, 1805, with
the First Salem (Shnsbali) church, N. Y., where
he did a good work until his health utterly fuihil,
in 1871. He died December 29, at Newport,
E. I.

His great work was in France, as superintendent
of the mission and theological instructcir. In these
he showed much practical wisdom, patience, and
energy. His long residence abroad and his re-
tiring disposition prevented him from being widely
known ; but his inlluence over his students and
others was that of a master-mind, and those who
knew him well counted him anunig our very fore-
most men. Of commanding ability as a thinker, a
linguist, and a theologian, acute, original, self-re-
liant, he was an indefatigable student of the Word
of God in the original languages. Holding tena-
ciously the faith once delivered, including strict
Ra|Uist ])rinciples, in intiM'preting Scri|iture he
called no man master, lint he bowed reverently to
the supremo authority of inspiration. lie was an
e.Kcellent preacher, delighting especially in Biblical
exposition, and an interested student of physical
science. A decided and positive man, he was en-
dowed with genial wit and poetic fancy. Ilis re-
ligious character was pure, lirni, and uniform. He
wrote much and carefully, in a style of great force
and beauty. It is greatly to be regretted that he
puhlisheil nothing.

WiUet, Prof. Joseph Edgerton, of Mercer

University, Ga., was born in xMacon, (ja., Nov. 17,
1^26. His early education was olitained in the
schools of Macon and Marshallville, Ga. He en-
tered the Junior class of Mercer University in
1844, and graduated in 1846. In 1847 he was
elected Adjunct Professor of Natural Philosophy
and Chemistry, and entered at once upon his du-
ties, but soon found it necessary that he should ob-
tain a more thorough preparation elsewhere. He
accordingly entered the analytical laboratory of
Yale College, and engaged in daily work in ana-
lytical chemistry. He returned in 1849, and im-
mediately resumed the care of his classes, and lor
fifteen or twenty years afterwards was probably
the only teacher in Georgia who could perform a
chemical analysis. Since that time he has been
faithfully and . exclusivcdy engaged in teaching
natural science in Mcn'cer University, occujiying
an enviable jiosition among the educators of the
whole country in the department of luitural sci-
ence. He Wiis made full Professor of Natural
Science in 1848, a position he still, holds. Prof.
Willet is amiable and benevolent, with a devout
spirit. His fine itnalytical mind has made him
unsurpassed as a professor of chemistry and the
natural sciences. lie possesses generous culture
and refined tastes outvitie of his profession. In
1869 the American Baptist Publication Society
oHered a prize of §500 for the best small book on
science for Sunday-school libraries, and he boro
ofl" the jjrize with a capital little volume entitled
" The ^\'onders of Insect Life." He has also pub-
lished in the AiiiLviian Juiirnal oj' Science and

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WILLhVrT

1246

WILLIAM J h:\VELL

otlier paiicrs viiliiable sciontitic articles, iind wlieii
the siiliject ol' tiio '' iiiiilicatidii of tliu CJooi'^ia (.'ol-
le{;os" was iiiouted in tlio State, suiiio years i.\>s,n,
lio publislietl a eoiiplii ol" articles which gave the
whole subject a peniiaiieiit quietus. His aequaiiit-
anee with as;iMeultiiral science led tu his delivery
of lectures bel'ore the State Agricultur»l and Hor-
ticultural Societies at Macon, (lainesville, and
Jonesborouj^li, besides whicii lie, in IMTO, delivered
acourse of six lectures on " Science and Keligii)n"
before the ^Vo»leyan reninle College, at iNIacun,
Ga. During the war he was employed by the
Confederate government to superintend the nianu-

verted in New Hedford, Mass., and was baptized
by llev. Asa Brcjnson ; unite<I with the Baptist
Church ; in June, IS.iS, was licensed by the South
Baptist tdiui'ch in Ihirlford, Conn.; in sniiie year,
November lil, was ordained pascor of ihe Ba|)ti.st
church in 'd'ariilVille ; after-settlenuuits, in South-
wick, Mass. ; in 1845 in Central Bapti>t church,
'i'huMjpson, Conn. ; in l.S4'J in First Baptist idiurch.
New London; in 1854 in I'ntrnun ; in 1857, in La
Crosse, Wis. ; in 181)3 in Union church, Minneap-
olis, Minn.; in 1804 returned to I'utnani, Conn. ;
in 1873 preached in Danielsonville, and organized
the Baptist church ; in 1875 iu First Baptist church

WILLIAM JEUKLl. COLLEGE.

facture of all kinds of ammunition, as superin-
tendent of the laboratory at Atlanta, and since the
war he lias for three or four years, during vaca-
tion, served on the UTiited Stales Commission to
investigate the habits, nature, and ravages of the
cotton caterpillar, so injurious to the great South-
ern staple.

As a professor, he is greatly beloved by the stu-
dents, over whom he maintains a tirni sway as a
disciplinarian.

Willett, Rev. Charles, was born in Hanson
(then West IVmbroke), >Liss., Oct. 21, 1809; fa-
vored with pious parents (Congregationalists),
who sprinkled him in his infancy ; was a student
throughout life ; fell into Universalism ; was con-

in Suflield ; served as pastor thirty-nine out of
forty-one years; preached above 5000 sermons;
baptized about 500 persons ; solid preacher and
wise counselor.

William Jewell Colleg'e was projected in 1830,
and founded in 1849, when a handsome endowment
was subscribed, a lil)eral cliarter obtained, and the
college located at Liberty, Clay Co., Mo. It was
named in iionor of its principal benefactor, Dr.
William Jewell. It was opened in 1852, and took
possession of its new building iji I85L

In 180S, through the agency of Thos. Ram-
baut, LL.I)., $40,(100 were raised to establish the
Jeriuniah Vnrdenuin Scdiuol of 'I'lieology. The
grounds and buildings of the college are valued at

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WrLLTAMS

1247

WILLIAMS

$75,000, and the endowment at $100,000. L. B.
K)y, tlie tiniuicial agent, has freed the college from
deljt, and aims to secure $250,(100 of an endow-
iiu^iit. One hiindrecl and lil't^' joiing nirn, on an
average, attended tlie college during the past ten
years, and the School of Theology in the same
time matriculated two liundred.' Tlie college con-
temjdates seven endowed professorslii|is, besides
the School of Theology and any professional schools
which may hereafter bo adiled.

Instruction is now given by five professors and
three tutors. There is a complete chemical and
philosophical apiiaratus, and 4000 volumes as the
beginning of a library. 'I'he presidents have been
K. S. Dulin, D.l>., itev. U. S. Thomas, A.M., AV.
Thompson, D.D., llev. Thoma.s Uambaut, LL.D.,
and since 1874, "\V. K. Itothwell, 1).1». The mem-
bers of the faculty an' W. K. Kothwell, D.D., Prof.
J. R. Eaton, I'h.D., J. U.Obuk, K. B. .Semple ;
A. J. Semple is principal of the )ireparatory de-
partment.

'J'he college is near Kansas City ; it is the oldest
. west of the Mississippi, and its }irnspeets are
briirhter than ever.

Williams, Rev, Alvin P., D.D., was born in

St. Loui-s Co., .Mo., .March 13, 1813. His father
was a Baptist minister, lie was converted at, si.\-
teen, and at seventeen was ordained, his father as-
sisting in the service. lie gained a knowledge of
the languages, and studied the Bible in its original
tongues. lie labored with great zeal as an evan-
gelist. He was pastor at Lexington, Ilichmond, St.
Joseph, Miami, Uctliel, Uehoboth, Good Hope, and
(lla.sgow. He died Nov. 'J, 1808, at Glasgow. He
had great natural gifts and unusual attainments.
.Vs a preacher and expounder of the gospel he
occupied a prominent position. His knowleilge of
the Scriptures was astonishing, and his logic was
masterly and convincing. His sermons, exposi-
tions, and essays bcd'ore the Association, and on
various occasions, for twenty-live years, njark him
as a man of extraordinary ability, asecond Andri'w
Fuller. Dr. Williams was wholly given to study,
to preaching, and to fiastoral work, and it is esti-
mated that over 3000 persons were converted under
his ministry. lie possessed a rennirkalde memory.
It has be(!n said that if the New Testament had
been blotted out he could have reproduced it. He
•was unostentatious, cheerful, and kind-hearted.
lie could express his convictions with boldness.
He was a man of faith and sincere jiiety. His
death moved every Haptist heart in Missouri. They
niourned the loss of an author whose review of
Campbellism is unanswerable, and whose )iriiiti'd
works on communion and baptism are idcar in-
structive, and Bcliiilarly. 'I'hey felt that a father
and leader in our Zion bad fallen,— a ])rincc in
Israel. Though dead, he still lives in the memory

of all who knew him, and liis name will be hon-
ored by coming generations.
. Williams, Rev. Granville S., was born Sept.
30, 1847, in Decatur (.'o., Tenn. lie received his
academic education in Dccaturville, Lexington, and
Mifllin. lie pursued his collegiate course at llctlnd
College, Ky., and at Union University, Tenn. He
graduated in June, 1873, professed conversicm at
Lexington, Tenn., in IStiG, and was baptized by
Rev. D. B. Ray, then the pastor at Lexington. He
was licensed to preach liy the Hickory Grove
church in May, 18G7. He was ordained by the
church in Murfreesborough, Tenn., in Ocitober,
1871, the I'rcsb^'tcry consisting of Rev. (.!liarles
Manly, D.D., Rev. Wm. Shelton, D.D., and Rev. T.
T. Eaton. He was iirst called to jireside over the
Court Street Baptist (dmrch, ISovvling Green, Ky.,
in September, 1873, and was there nearly five years.
Then he accepted a call to the Central Baptist
church, Nashville, Tenn., July I, 1878, where he is
still laboring. Though young, he isgreatly beloved
by his charge. Ilis talents are of a high order.
Mr. Williams is active in all our ecclesiastical
gatherings, and a wariu supporter of the Tennessee
Baptist Convention.

Williams, Rev. John, was born in Hanover
Co., Va., in the year 1747. From bis parents he
I'ceeived a liberal education. In I70'J ho was
sheriff' of Lunenburg Cnunty. At this period the
Lord was jdeased to call him into the kingdom
of his grace. Six months after his conversion he
was baptized, and immediately after he began to
tell the story of the Cro.ss to the perishing. In
1771 the converts given to him by the Lord were
sufficient to form a church in Lunenburg Counly,
called the Melierrin church. This community in a
few years grew into six or seven churches. In
1785 he became pastor of Sandy Creek church,
Charlotte Co. He never sundered this tie.

Jlr. Williams was a great frieml of religious
liberty and of education. He was nuudi interested
in the history of the Virginia Baptists; he had an
extensive acquaintance with Christian literature;
his manners were polished, and his spirit fraternal ;
his talents were of a high order. He was very
successful in building uj) the cluirches, as well as
in winning souls to Jesus.

Williams, Rev. John, was born in Wales,
March 8, 17(i7, and died in New York, May 25,
1825. Ilis fath(n''s name was A\'^illiam Roberts,
this son, according to W<dsh enstum, taking the
first name of his father as his surname. He was
educated by his |iarents for the ministry of the Es-
tablished Church, but he preferred some other pro-
fession, and went to (jarmirven to learn a trade.
AVhilc there, under tlu; preaching of a Calvinistie
Methodist he was converted, and Joined the Inde-
pendent church, lie then resolved to devote him-

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WILLIAMS

1248

WILLIAMS

self to the ministry, ami coinineiiccil to udili-oss
Clii'istian ussembliu.s in various |il:iijes. At tluit
tiiiiu he ontei-ed upon a prayerful investigation of
thu suhjcct of ))aptisiii, and soon after united with
the lloreb Uaptist church of (Jarn, and in a"littlu
time became its pastor. He formed the acquaint-
ance of Ciiristiuas Evans, and traveled and\)reaclicd
witli liim in many phioes throughout the principal-
ity. In 17'J5 lie came to America, intcndinj^ to
labor among his countrymen, and he preaelied
to them in llev. John Stanford's church, in Fair
(now Fulton) Street, also in the Baptist church in
Fayette (now Oliver) Street, New York. He soun
mastered the Kiiglish languaiiie, and was settled as
pastor of the Oliver Street church. It had but
Ibrty members when he took charge of it, and its
place of worshi)) was but thirty feet square. The
young Welsh preacher soon tilled it. It was en-
larged, and was still too strait for the crowds who
desired to attend. Then a capaeiou.s and attractive
stone ediliee was built, and the successful career
of that historic church was commenced. In 18'J3
his health failed, and Kev. Spencer II. Cone was
chosen associate pastor. A son of his, AVilliam U.
Williams, D.D., the distinguished scholar and au-
thor, is pastor of Amity Street church in New York.

Williams, Rev. John G., was born in Colleton
Co., S. 0., and graduated at Furman University.
lie was ordained as pastor of Black Swamp church,
in BeaufiH't, now Hampton, County. His early
ministry was distinguished by careful preparation
and earnest delivery. He was never "a good
hater," but a warmer friend never lived. His
fricndshi|> pr(jduces a reciin'ocity in those on whom
it is bestowed. His mere presence brings cheer-
fulness.

His ministry has been wholly with country and
village churches, and when a friend lately proposed
to try to get a city church to call him, he positively
declined to allow his name to be used.

Mr. Williams is one of the ablest, most popular,
and successful |ireachers in the State. He has for
nuuiy years preached to the Springtown and Black-
ville churches. He found the latter quite dilapi-
dated, but under his ministry its growth has fully
equaled that of tlie very nourishing village in which
it is situated. He is also preaching at a new
churcli, George's Creek. All thr(!e are in Barn-
well County. Not one of them would exchange
him for Spurgeon.

Williams, Rev. J. P., was bom in Virginia,
March 19, 182(3, and removed to Hannil>al, Mo., in
1836, and was there C(jnvcrted and baptized when
a youth. He graduated frgm Oeoi-getown College,
Ky., in 1853, and taught in Maysville Seminary
one year, and in tiie liaptist colh'ge at Palmyra,
Mo., was I'l'ofcNsor of Natural Science for a year.
In 1858 he conducted the Louisiana Seminary in

Louisiana, and was pastor of the church there
three years. In 1861 be was president of the Fe-
male Seminary in Columbia, and Was pastor of
the church' in that jdace fur three years.

After the war he returned to Louisiana and took
charge of the seminary and church there until
1879.

He has been one of the trustees of the South-
ern Bajjtist Theological Seminary and of \\'illiaui
Jewell College, and for years clerk of the Cenei-al
Association of Missouri. INIr. Williams is a man
of ability and attainments, and a zealous Christian
worker. He is highly esteemed in the State of
Missimri. He is now connected with the Central
Bajilht, of St. Luuis.

Williams, J. W. M., D.D., was born in Ports-
moutli, Va., April 7, 1820, and resided there until

^^<

i^^ Jil^M #p».F

J. W. M. WILLIAMS, D.I).

1838, when, at the age of eighteen, he entered the
Virginia Baptist Seiiiiiuiry. In 184(1 he joined an
advanced class in the Columbian College, Washing-
tun, 1). C, and graduated in 1843. He at once en-
tered Newton Theological Seminary, JMass., and
completed his course in 1845. For several years
he was engaged in preacdiing in the towns of
Smithiield and Jerusalem, and also in Lynchburg,
Va. In 1850, Dr. Williams was called to the pas-
torate of the First Baptist church in Baltimore,
lie preached his first sermon in bis new tield Jan.
1. 1850, and still remains the useful and honored
pastor of tlie church, whi(di has so remnrkable a
history. It was foun<lc(l in 1785; wan rebuilt in
IS17, and again in 1877, and during the century

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WILLIAMS

1249

WILLIAMS

of its oxist<;nco lius liail liut live ]iiistc->is : tho Uov.
Lewis liiiiluuais, IVoiii ITJ^r) to IHIS; tlic J{ov. Kd-
iiuiiid J. Keose, froiii 181.') to iS18 us nssnciiito fiiis-
tor, iiiiil piistor IVuiii 181S to 1821 ; tlin llev. John
Finlay, fiom 1821 to 1834; the llev. Stoiiiien P.
Hill, D.l)., IVom 1834 to 1850; and tlio Uov. Dr.
Williams, from ISTiO to the present lime. Among
its memln'rs liiivu lieen the Wilsons, Speneer II.
Oone, Biirtholomow 'I'. Weleh, Trof. ilackett, Dr. F.
AVil.son, Dr. U. Griflith, and niunerou.s others well
known to tlie denoniinatiun. Dr. Williams is a
popular pastor and a fresh and vigorous preacher.
For lifteen years aft^er lie liecame pastor of tlie
First eiiurch he was the superintendent of its
Sunilay-school, and still gives it liisvalualjlo coun-
sel and frequent ))resenee. Dr. Williams is also
jiresident of the Maryland 'J'ruet Soeiety, having
sueeeeded ])r. Johns, a few j'ears since, in that
olliee. lie is also an overseer of tin; Columbian
University, from which, in 18tjfj, he received the
honorary degree of D.D. Dr. Williams's incessant
pastoral labors have prevented him from adding
much to tlie literature of the denomination, but
several of his sermons have been published, and
he is an occasional contributor to the religious
papers.
Williams, Rev. Lewis, was born, in May,

1784, in North Carolina. In ITyf) his father came
to Missouri. Mr. Williams was converted in 1810,
and in two years he became a preacher. His .son.
Dr. A. 1'. A\'iHiau.is, said that he knew Fuller's
works by heart. Hundreds were brought to Christ
through his instrumentality. Men in .St. Louis,
Franklin, and adj(jining counties came twentj'
miles to hear him preach. Daniel IJoone loved to
listen to his sermons. He spent many days and
nights with him, and baptized some of his family.
His son, A. P., was converted under his preaching,
ami he assisted at his ordination. He formed the
Franklin Association, and nearly all its members
were baptized by him.

In 1832 the Home Mission Society employed
him. In IS.jT he removed to (jascona<le County,
when Home Alission aid failed him. He died in
St. Louis, and his body rests in the burial-ground
of tlie old church ho first joined, at Fee Fee Creek.
A monument marks the spot.

Williams, Rev. Moses C, was for manyj'ears
ideiitilied with Grand (y'ane As,-)*iciation, La., as one
of its nuist prominent and devoted ministers ; burn
in Geoi'gia ; came to Louisiana, and settled near
Mansfield, Do Soto Parish, about 18')2. His influ-
ence will long he fid t in the part of the State where
he labort;d. He died in I8(i'!.

Williams, Nathaniel M., D.D., was born in
Salem, Mass., Nov. 13, 1813. Hi; pursued his col-
lege studies partly at Waterville and partly at
Washington, D. C. He was a graduate of Culum-

biau College in the class of 1837, and took a
two years' course of theological study at Newton.
He was ordained Jan. 2'J, 1840, and was jiaslor
of the church in New Sharon, Me., 1840-42. The
next four years of his ministry were spent in
Farmington, I\Ie. From this place he removed
to Saco, where he remained six years, when ho
resigned, and became pastor of the churcli in Soni-
erville, Mass., holding the office nine years. His
next pastorate of four years was at Ellsworth,
M(\, followed by two settlements of tiiree years
each in Peabody and Metliuen, Mass. In 1871 he
accepted a call to AV'ickford, 11. I., which position
he held until recently, when he resigned and re-
moved to Lowell, Mass., where at present he
resides.

The degree of Doct<ir of Divinity was conferred
on Mr. Williams by the University of Chicago in
1871.

Williams, Rev. Nathaniel W., was born in

Salem, .Mass., Aug. 24, 1 78 1. His early associations
were with the Unitarians. He entered the c<iunt-
ing-room of an uncle, and by him was sent to India
as a supercargo of one of his ships trading with
C'alcutta. He made the aci|naintanee in Calcutta
of the eminent English missionaries Carey, Ward,
and Marshiiian. His religious convictions ex-
tended on through many years. At last he was
brought to submit to an atoning Saviour, and re-
nounced what he ever afterwards regarded as the
erroneous system in which, in liis early days, he
had been educated. Ho was baptized by Rev. Lu-
cius Bolles, and i-ecoived as a member of the First
Baptist church in Salem, June 5, 1808, of which
cliurch he was not long afterwards appointed a
deacon. He was licensed to preach July 31, 1812.
Abandoning a lucrative business tliat lie might
give himself wholly to the work of the ministry,
he was ordained at Beverly, .\ug. 14, 18 IG. There
he remained nearly nine years. His next pastor-
ate, which was a brief one, was in Windsor, Vt.,
succeeded liy n five years' ministry in Concord,
N. IL, from which place he removed to Newbury-
port, Mass., where he spent five years, and then, in
I83t), he returned to his former charge in IJeverly.
His last pastorates, which were only a year or two
in each place, were in Jlalden, Mass., and Au-
gusta, Me. Ho rctire<l from pastiu-al work in 1840,
and made a home with his son, llev. N. M, Wil-
liams, of Saco, Me. In 18.02 he went to Boston,
and, with his wife, joined the Rowe Street ciiurcli,
under the ministry of Rev. Dr. Stow. While living
in B<iston he preached nearly every Sabbath, and
to the last continued his habits of study and the
preparation of new sermons. Ho was a diligent
student, and such was his reputation in this re-
spect that Brown University conferred on him the
deirree of Master of Arts in 1824. lu 1820 he

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WILL r A MS

1250

WILLLIMS

was n mom))er of tlio oonvpiilion (.■lioscn to revise
the cijiistitiition of tin: Stiile of Miissacliiisetts,
" wliero," :5iiys Ih'. Stow, '' lie (iistitifiiiislied liiiii-
sell', and wmim i;ciieriil lUvor liy his eiihiiiiess, inti!l-
lil^enoe, ami dii^iiity in deliate. It has lieeii con-
ceded that he and l>r. Baldwin conlriliiited lavj^ely
to those niodiliealions which seeni-cd e(fual ri.nhts
of conscience in i-elij^ious nnitters to all the citi-
zens of this Commonwealth.''

Mr. Williams died in IJostcm, May '27, 1,S5:!.

Williams, Eev. 0, A., was horn in the parish
of JJolljcnniaen, Oarnarvonshire, Wales, March 25,
1837; haptized Nov. 20, ISfiO; emigrated to
America, May 7, 1857 ; licensed to preach by the
Stanton Street Baptist church, New York, Sept. 30,
1859 ; graduated at Madison University in 18G3,
and from the Hamilton 'I'lieolojiical Seminary in
1865; ordained as the pastor of the Baptist church
of Mount Vernon, N. Y., in Octoher, 1805. Failing'
health compelled him to resign tlu! charfi;e of the
church in Mount Vernon, June 1, 1874. Since
May 1, 1855, he has been pastor of the First 15a]i-
tist church in Nebraska City, Neb., and he is deeply
interested in llic work of layiiLg the proper foun-
dations of the Baptist denonnnation throughoLit
the State.

Williams, Roger, the founder of lihode Island,
and the great aposlle of civil and religious free-
dom, was born of AV'clsh parentage in the year
150'J. Concerning the place of his Ijirtli history is
silent. Recent investigations lead to the conclu-
sion that it was in the county of Cornwall, Eng-
land, where the Cornish tongue, a Celtic dialect
now extinct, was then prevalent. It is certain
from the. records that " Uoger Williams," a son of
"'William Williams, gentleman," was " bapti/.ed
on the 24th of July, KiOII," in the ])arish churcdi
of (iuini^ar. No direct allusion to the parents of
Uoger Inis thus far been found in any of his pub-
lished writings; a brief statement respecting his
early years ims, however, been placed on record.
In the last of his works, "George Fox digg'd out
of his Burrowes," dated in the "epistle dedica-
tory," March 10, 1673, ho says, " From my child-
hood, now about threescore years, the Father of
lights and mercies touched my soul with a love to
himself, to liis only begotten, tiie true Lord Jesus,
and to his holy Scriptures." In a letter to Win-
throp, written in 1(132, ho further states that lie
had been " persecuted in and out of his father's
house these twenty years." His early conversion,
his belief in the divinity of Christ, and liis attach-
ment to the Word as a sufficient rule and guide
in all religious matters, are, here clearly and dis-
tinctly outlined. His connection with the Puritans
accounts for the opposition of his father, and |icr-
haps for Ids removal to Londun, where his promis-
ing talents, and especially his remarkable skill as

a reporter, gaineil him the favorable notice of Sir
Kdward Coke, the first lawyer of his age. lie, ac-
cording to tlie statement of Mrs. Sadleir, his daugh-
ter, sent him to Sutton's IIos|)ital, a magnificent
school of learning now called the Charter House.
It was a propitious circumstance that thus made
the author (d' the " Bill of Bights" and the groat
" Defender of the Comnums" a benefactor of the
youth destined to bcccune the advocate of free
principles in the New World. Upon the comple-
tion of his preparatory studies, young Williams
was admitted to Cambridge University, where
tJoke himself had been educated, and where liberal
and Puritan sentiments have always found a more
congenial home than at O.^ford. He was matricu-
lated a pensioner of Pembroke College, July 7,
1625, and in January, 1627, he took the degree of
Bachelor of Arts. The evidence cif this, as stated
by Arnold, in his elaborate " History of Rhode
Island,"' may be seen in the original records, which
the writer has recently been permitted to examine,
through the kindness of Mr. Rradshaw, librarian
of the university. Under the guidance of his
illustrious patron Jlr. ^ViHiam8 now commenced
the study of law. The ]irovidence of God may
here be seen, in thus leading his mind to an
acquaintance with those principles which were to
be so usei'ul to him in after-lil'e as the legislator of
an infant colony. He soon, however, relinquished
this pursuit and entered u|)on the study of theol-
ogy, a study which, to a mind and heart like his,
possessed superior attractions. He was admitted
to orders in th(3 Kstablished Church, and assumed,
it is said, the charge of a jiarish, probably in the
diocese of the excellent Bislmp Williams, who, it
is well known, winked at the Nonconformists, and
spoke with keenness against some of the ceremo-
nies inaugurated liy King James and his advisers.
It v\'as during this period that the young clergy-
man became accjuaintcd with many of the leading
'emigrants to America, including his famous ojipo-
nent in after-ycai-s, John Cotton. He appears,
even then, to have been very decided in his oppo-
sition to the liturgy and hierarchy of the church,
as expounded and enforced by Laud, to escape
from whose tyranny he fitmlly fled to the new
country. He embarked at Bristol, in the ship
"Lyon," and, after a tempestuous passage of
nearly ten weeks, 'arrived ofi' Nantasket, with liis
wife, Mary, to whom he had been but recently
married, on the 5th of February, Ifi3l. He was
now in the thirty-second year of bis age, and in
the full maturity of his nnuital .and physical
|)owers ; a devout and zealous Christian, a ripe
scholar, and an accomplishi'd linguist, — one who
was accustomed to read the Scriptures in their
original tongues.

The arrival of this "godly minister" is duly re-

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WILL FA MS

1251

WILLIAMS

cordud by ^Vintll^()|), iiiid in a few weeks lie was
coidially invited to settle in Boston as a teaelier.
Tliis llattering invitation lie declined, because, as
lie afterwards wrote to Cotton, lie "durst not otiici-
ate to an unscparated iionplc." So impure did lie
regard the Kstablisbed Cliurcli that ho would not
join with a congregation which, itlthouf^h driven
into the wilderness by its persecuting spirit, refused
to regard its hierarchy and worldly eerenionies as
portions of the aboiiiinations of anti-Clirist. Not
only was he in theory and practice a rigid " Scjia-
ratist," but he liaJ already Ijceoine an advocate of
the great Baptist doctrine of religions I'reedoin in
matters of conscience, as set forth in the " Confes-
sion of Faith,'' published in London in Hill: "The
magistrate is not to meddle with religion or matters
of conscience, nor compel men to this or that form
of religion, because Christ is King and Lawgiver
of church and oonscionce."

'' The magistrate," he taught, "' might not punish
the breach of the Sabbath, imr any other oll'enee,
as it was a breach of the lirst table.'' Well might
the infant " Plantation," which in a single year
from the time when its first session for business
was held, Aug. 23, IG.'il), had passed sentences of
exclusion from its territory upon fourteen persons
of too free carriage and speech, look askance upon
one whose opinions were so singularly at variance
with their own. Mr. Williams accordingly re-
moved to Salem, and shortly afterwards entered
upon his duties as teacher in place of the learned
and catholic lligginson, who was in feeble health.
The church with which he thus beeaiue connected
was the oldest in the " Company of the Massachu-
setts Bay," having been organized on the 6th oi'
August, l()2y, "on principles," says its historian,
Upliam, " of perfect and entire independence of
every other ecclesiastical body." It was, for this
reason, eminently congenial to the independent
and fearless nature of AN'^illiams. At once the civil
authority interfered to prevent his settlement, on
the principle afterwards established, that " if any
church, one or more, shall grow sohismatieal, rend-
ing itself from the communion of other churches,
or shall walk incorrigibly and obstinately in any
corrupt way of their own, contrary to the rule of
the AVord ; in such case the magistrate is to put
forth his coercive power, as the matter shall re-
quire." The church at Salem notwithstanding,
maintained its independence, and on the 12th of
April, 1631, received Mr. Williams as its minister.
His settlement, however, was of short continuance.
Disregarding the wishes and advice of the magis-
trates in calling him, the church had incurred their
disapprobation ami raised a storm of perseeution,
80 that, for the sake of peace, AV'illiama withdrew
before the close of hiimiiier and sought a residence
at Plymoutfi, Ijeyoiid the jurisdiction of Massachu-

setts Bay. Here, says Gov. Bradford, he was cor-
dially received and hospitably entertained, having
the free exercise of his gifts and the fellowship of the
church as a member. lie labored in the ministry
of the Word faithfully both among the whites and
the Indians, the latter of whom he visited in their
wigwams, learning their language, and becoming
intimate with their chiefs, — .Massasoit and Canoni-
cns. In the autuuui of 1633 he returned to Salem.
Already the principles of separation and religious
freedom, which he everywhere proclaimed, hud
made him an object of jealousy, even among the
liberal-minded Pilgrims of the " IMayflowcr." On
requesting a letter of dismission from the church,
we find the elder, Mr. Brewster, persuading his
people to relinquish communion with him, lest he
should " run the same course of rigid separation
and anabaptistry which Mr. John Smith, the Se-
Bajitist at Amsterdam, had done."

Mr. Williams resumed his ministerial duties as
an assistant to Mr. Skelton, whose declining health
uulitted him for his work. Upon the death of JMr.
Skelton, in August, 1634, he was regularly or-
dained as bis successor, notwithstanding the oppo-
sition of the magistrates. He was highly popular
as a preacher, and the people became strongly at-
tached to him and to his ministry. Among his
hearers were not a few of the members of the
church at Plymouth, who, after inelfectual attempts
to detain him there, had transferred their residence
to Salem. A part of the house which he owned
and occupied as a dwelling during the j'ears 1635-
36 is still standing on the western corner of North
and lOssex Streets. The original frame-work of
the quaint structure in which he preached is care-
fully preserved as an object of interest to the his-
torian and the antiquary. From the jieriod of his
final settlement at Salem iiia\' be dated the begin-
ning of the controversy with the clergy and court of
Massachusetts Bay, which at length terminated in
his banishment from the colony. " He was faith-
fully and resolutely protected," says Upliam, "by
the people of Salem, through years of persecution
from without, and it was only by the per.'-evering
and combined efforts of all the other towns and
churches that his separation and banishment were
finally effected.'' ..." They adhered to him long
and faithfully, and sheltered him from all assaults.
And when at last he was sentenced by the General
Court to Uanishiiient from the colony on account of
his principles, we cannot but admire the fidelity of
that friendship which prompted many of tln^ meni-
bers of his congregation to accompany him in his
e.tile, and partake of bis furtunes, when an outcast
upon the earth." Upon the causes of his bani^ll-
ment we cannot here enlarge. It is contended, on
the one hand, that it " was u mere question of pol-
icy, and not at all of religious liberty ;" that his

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WILLIAMS

1252

WILLIAMS

opinions tended tu disorder and dissension in u j;ov-
cruinciit tliiit w:is tlieocratio, and tliat liis oU'enses
were, thi-ic'l'iire, purely pdlitieiil in tlieir oliuraitter.
• AVilliaiiis, (in tlio emitrary, in liis lanious eontro-
versy with Cotton, contends that lie was banislied
for cause of conseicnce ; in other words, tluit he was
persecnted for his religious opinions. -And in tliis
view wc fully and heartily concur. He was re-
garded, indeed, as a disliirher of the peace. And
BO have Uaptists in all aj^es lieen rejrarded by the
advocates of a state or national church, lie was
repeatedly summoned to appear befoi'e the (general
I'ourt in Boston to answer for his opinions. These
were, in briel', as they were summed up by the pre-
sidinp; magistrate. Gov. Ilaynes, at his linal trial :
"Eirst, that we have not our land by jiatent from
the king) '"'t that the natives are tlie true owners
of it, and that we ought to re]ient of such a re-
ceiving of it by patent; secondly, that it is not
lawful to call a wiclied person to swear, or to pray,
its beting actions of Goii's worship; thinlly, that it
is not lawful to hear any of the parish asbeml)lies
in Mngland ; fourthly, that the civil nnigistrate's
power extends only to tin; bodies and goods and
outward state of man," etc. " I acknowledge,"
says Williams, in his controversy, " the particu-
lars were rightly summed up, and 1 also hope, as
I then maintained the rocky strength of them to
my own and othcir consciences' satisfaction, I
shall be. ready for the same grounds, not only to
bo bound and banished, but to die also in New
England, as ibr most holy truths of God in Christ
Jesus.' The act of banishment, as it stands up^m
the colonial records, is in these words: " Wliereas,
Mr. Roger AV'illiams, one of the eiders of the cluirch
of Salem, hath broacheil and divulged new and
dangerous opinions against the authority of magis-
trates, as also writ lettiirs of defannition, botli of
the magistrates and churches here, and that before
any conviction, and yet maintaineth tlie same with-
out any retraction, it is therefore ordered that the
said JMr. Williams shall depart out of this jurisdic-
tion within sis weeks now next ensuing, which, if
he neglect to perlbrm, it shall be lawful for the
governor and two of the magistrates to send him
to some jilace out of this jurisdiction, not to return
any more without license fi'om the court." This
remarkable sentence was passed on the 'Jtli of Oc-
tober, IGiiS. Three months later the magistrates
determined to arrest and send him to Eninland ; but
when Capt. Underbill, who was commissioned for
tliis [lurpose, arriv<Ml at Salem with his slooji, the
illustrious exile had tied.

It was in the middle of January, the coldest
month of a New England winter, that Williajus,
bidding adieu to wife and loved ones at home, be-
took himself to the wilderness. "For fourteen
weeks," as he wrote thirty-live years afterwards to

his friend, Maj. Mason, he "was sorely tossed,"
" not knowing what bread or bed did mean." The
ell'ects of this exposure: to the severity of the
weather he continued to feel to his latest days.
The late lion. Job Durfee, in his " What Cheer?"
has, with a poet's license, graphically described
some of the scenes relating to this historic event.
He first settled at Seekonk, but in the latter part
of June, as well as can now be ascertained, he with
five companions embarked in a canoe, and after
landing on " What Cheer Rock," rowed around
India Point and up the Mooshausick Kiver, landing
at the foot of a hill, where they commenced a settle-
ment, which, in gratitude to his Supreme deliverer,
he gave the name of Providence. Other settlers
from Massachusetts joined them, and at an early
period they entered into an agreement or compact
" only in civil things," and thus became a " town
fellowship." Subsequently they became a colony,
under the name of" Uhode Island and Providence
Plantations," with a liberal charter granted by
King Charles II. In their address to the throne,
they declared their purpose " to hold ibrth a lively
experiment, that a most nourishing civil state may
stand and best be nmintained with full liberty in
religious concernments." " 'Ilhus was founded,"
says Gervinus, the celebrated German professor,
"a small, new society in Rhode Island, upon the
principles of entire liberty of conscience, and the
uncontrolled jiower of the nmjurity in secular con-
cerns." . . . "These institutions have not only
maintained themselves here, but have spread over
the whole Union. They have superseded the aris-
tocratic commencements of Carolina and of New
i'ork, the high-church party in A'irginia, the theoc-
racy in Massachusetts, iind the monarchy through-
out America; tliey have given laws to one quarter
of the globe, and, dreaded for their moral influence,
they stand in the background of every democratic
struggle in Europe."

In the month of March, lf)3'J, Mr. Williams,
whose tendency to Baptist views had long been
apparent, was publicly immersed. His mode of
planting the church, now known as the Eirst Bap-
tist church in Providence, was this. Mr. Ezekiel
IloUiman, a gifted and pious laynian, first baptized
Mr. AVilliams, who in turn baptized Holliman
"and some ten more." The names of these twelve
original members are given by Benedict in his
" History of the Baptists." Thus was founded what
is commonly regarded as the oldest Baptist church
in America; a church which, for tnnirly two and a
half centuries, has firmly hold to the great doc-
trines of regeneration, believer's bajitisni, and re-
ligious liberty ; and which, t<iday, is looked upon
with veneration and filial pride by the large and
flourishing denomination it so worthily represents.

Mr. Williams for some cause did n(ft long retain

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i'l''

WILLIAMS

1253

WILLIAMS

liis coiiiK'ctioti with tlie cliuroli. Iiiiviui!; doubts, it
iippeiirs, ill regurd to the validity of this proooiHl-
in_i;, in cousfi|iu;iicc of tlie iiljsenco of ii " vrsiblu
succession" of iuithorizcd adniinistnitors of tlie
rite of baptism. " In a few niuntlis," says Scott,
writing tliirly-eight years afterwards, " he broke
from the society and declared at large the grounds
and reason of it, — that their baptism could nut he
right because it was not ndaiinistered by an apos-
tle." Per!ia|is the "society" were lacking in eili-
eicncy and zeal. It is certain that for more than
sixty years they lived without a inceting-house,
worshiping in groves and private dwellings; that
they discarded singing and music in public wor-
ship; insisted on the imposition of hands, and,
until President Manning's time, were content with
an untrained, unpaid ministry. Mr. ^Villiums be-
came what in the early history of New England is
denominated a Seeker ; a term, says (!ammell, not
inaptly applied to those who, in any age uf the
church, are dissatisfied with its prevailing creeds
and institutions, and seek for more congenial views
of truth, or a faith better adapted to their s[iiritual
wants. Although lie soon terminated his ecclesi-
astical relations, it must not be inferred that there
was ill feeling engendered in eonse([uence, or that
lie ceased to preach the gospel. lie continued on
the terms of the closest intimacy and friendship
with his successor in the ministry, Chad Biown,
and in one of his latest letters, written to Gov.
Bradstreet, he expressed a desire to have some of
his sermons printed. That he did not undervalue
the benefits of Christian fellovvshiii is evident from
his writings. In his reply to Geo. Fox, written in
1G70, liO says, " After all my search, and examina-
tions, and considerations, I said, I do profess to
lielieve that some come nearer to the tirst primitive
churches, and the institutions and appointments
of Christ Jesus, than others ; as in many respects,
so in that gallant, and heavenly, and fundamental
principle of the true matter of a Christian congre-
gation, flock, or society, viz., actual delievers,

TRL'E DISCIl'I.ES AND CO.NVERTS, LIVKYG STONES, SUcIl

as can give some account how the grace of God
hath appeared unto thein." In regard to what is
known as the distinguishing sentiments of Baptists
ut the present day, viz., liaptisin by immersion, Mr.
AVilliams did not, it appear.s, change his views.
In a letter to AVinthrop, dated Sept. 10, 1649, more
than ten years after the founding of the church at
Providence, he says, " At Seekonk a great many
have lately concui-red with Mr. John Clarke and our
Providence men about the point of a new baptism,
and the maiMUT by dipping, and Mr. Clarke; hath
been there lately, and Mr. lyU(;ar, and hath dipjied

them. I llKl.lEVE TIIKIl! rUACTlCE COMES NEAKKU
Till-] I'lKST rUACTICEOF 01,'lt GUEAT FoilNIlEK, (.UiKlST

Jesus, than other practices of religion no."

The limits of a brief sketch likcthe prcscntcom-
pel us to pass rapidly in review the leading evi:ntH
in the further career of this distinguished man,
referrinjv our readers to the lull and aulhentio his-
tory of Rhode Island by the late Samuel G. Ar-
nold, and to his memoirs by Knowles, (Jammell,
Underbill, and Elton. Jlis works, in seven large
(piarto volumes, with a biographical introduction
liy Guild, recently published under the auspices of
the " Narragansett Club," form his most complete
and "enduring monument." In 1C43 he saih^d for
England, where, through the intluencc of his per-
sonal friend. Sir Henry \'ane, he succeeded in pro-
curing a charter lor liliode Island, bearing date
March 14, 1644. In llWri ht^ was instrumental in
making peace between the Narragansetts and the
Mohcgans, thus preserving the settlements of New
England a second time from a general war. In
1651, in company with his 'Moving friend," Rev.
John Clarke, of Newport, he embarked a second
time for England to )irocure from Charles II. a
confirmation of the first charter. Returning in the
summer of 1654, he suceeeded in reorganizing the
government upon a permanent basis, and in Sep-
tember following he was chosen president or gov-
ernor. This position he occupied until May, 1658,
when he retired from the office. Concerning the
closing years of his life we know but little. He
outlived most of his contemporaries, dying at the
advanced age of eighty-four, in the full vigor of
his mental faculties. He was buried under arms,
" with all the solemnity," says Calleiider, " the
colony was able to show."

The name of Roger Williams has been handed
down to us by Puritan writers loaded with re-
jiroaeh. He is described b}' Neal as a rigid Brown-
ist, precise and uncharitable, and of the most tur-
bulent and boisterous |iassions. But his writings
refute the first charge, and his conduct, uniler cir-
cumstances likely to arouse the gentlest spirit, con-
tradicts the second. Gov. Winthrop, in u letter to
him, says, " Sir, we have often tried your patience,
but could never conquer it." He suffered more
than most men from the slanders of those who
should have been his friends. Coddington accused
him " as a hireling, who, for the sake of money,
went to Englaiul for the charter." Harris, in the
long and angry controversy between them, left no
means untried to undermine his influence with
those for whom he had supplied a home, when the
gates of Massachusetts were closed against them.
Palfrey, in his elaborate "History of New Eng-
land," states that his life, as a whole, "cannot be
called, in any common use of the terms, a success-
ful one," while " his ollieial life was mostly passed
in a furious turmoil." And even the genial Dexter,
in his recently-published monograph, "As to
Roger AVilliams," justifies his banishment from

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]V[IJJAMS

1254

WILLIAMS

Massachusetts, and accuses tlie Baptist denoiiiina-
tion of cauoiiiziii^i liiiii without a iluo rugai'd to
tacts. His olTciisi', says ftliirsJun, was this, — " lie
enunciated and lived to carry out tlie gi'eat princi-
ple of perfect toleration amongst contending par-
ties by whom it was eipially abhorred." But
posterity lias rendered him justice, and the defender
of Baptist principles, as well as the founder of
Rhode Island, will bo held in gratc^ful and ever-
lasting remembrance. Tlie iiistorian Bancroft pays
him a glowing tribute in his immortal work. After
seven pages of what I)ext(!r is pleased to term
■'graceful rhetoric, in which he adroitly manages
to evade most of the nniin (loints at issue,'' ho
closes with these memurahle words: " If Coperni-
cus is held in perpetual reverence, because on his
death-bed he published to the world that the sun
is the centre of our system ; if the nauie of Kepler
is preserved in the annals of human excellence fur
his sagacity in detecting the laws of planetary mo-
tion ; if the genius of Newton has been almost
adored for dissecting a ray of light, and weighing
the heavenly l)odies in a balance, — let there be for
the name of Roger Williams at least some humble
place among those who have advanced moral
science and made themselves the Ijenefactors of
mankind." And Prof. Tyler, in his recent "His-
tory of American Literature," gives a masterly
analysis of the publications of the '' Narrugansett
Club," to which we have already referred.' Wil-
liams, he says, in the outset, '' never in anything
addicted to concealments, has put himself without
reserve into his writings. There he .still renuiins.
There, if anywhere, we may get well acquainted
with him. Searching for him along the two thou-
sand printed ])ages upon which he has stam|ied
' liis own portrait, we seem to see a very human and
fallible man, with a large head, a warm heart, a
healthy body, an eloquent and imprudent tongue ;
not a symmetrical person, poiseil, cool, ac(!urate,
circumspect ; a num very an.xious to be genuine
!Uid to get at the truth, but imiiatieut of slow
nicthoils, trusting gallantly to his own intuitions,
easily deluded liy his own hopes; an imaginative,
sympathetic, aHluont, impulsive man; an optimist;
his master-passion, benevolence ; . . . lovely in
his carriage; ... of a hearty and sociable turn;
. . . in -truth, a clubable pei'son ; a man whose dig-
nity would not have petrified us, nor his saintli-
uess have given us a chill ; ... in New England,
a mightj' and benignant form, always pleading for
some magnanimous idea, some tender charity, the
rectification of some wrong, the exc;rclse of some
sort of forbearance towards men's bodies or souls."
Williams, Rev. Samuel, was born in Connells-
I ville, Fayette Co., Pa., on the fith of August, ISO:!.
At the age of twenty, while a student at Zanosville,
0., he embraced Christ by faith. Along with light

upon his heart came the love of souls, and in two
years from his conversion he was ordained in
Somerset Co., Pa. In May, IS'27, he became pas-
tor of the li"irst Baptist church in Pittsburgh, Pa.
This relation continued twenty-eight years, during
which period six other churches wei'e organized.
Leaving Pittsburgh, he settled in Akron, (). Here
he remained eight years, and then became pastor
iu Springfield. At both these places he, in connec-
tion with his wife, conducted a female seminary.
'I'wo subsequent years were spent as pastor in New
Castle, Pa., and five years more were employed
among churches in the vicinity of Pittsburgh. His
present residence is Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Williams
engaged in numerous controversies, both orally
and in writing, in defense of Baptist doctrine and
practice.

Williams, Rev. William, was l.om in Hill-
town, Pa., in the year ITSli. He was fitted for
college in the school of Rev. Isaac Eaton, in Hope-
well, N. J., and graduated from Brown University,
with the first class, in 1769. lie was baptized by
Rev. Charles Thompson, Sept. 29, 1771, and be-
came a member of the Warren church, then the
home of the college. This churcli gave him a li-
cense to preach the gospel, which bears the date of
April 18, 177.'i. Having preached for two years in
Wrentham, Mass., the church extended to him a
call to become their pastor, and he was ordained
July 3, 1776. Soon after removing to Wrentham
he opened a school, which became celebrated in
all the section of the country iu which he lived.
As near as can bo ascertained he had not far from
200 youths under his <:harge, SO of whom were fitted
by him to enter Brown University. In after-life
not a few of these did honor to him as their early
preceptor, in the difi'erent professions and callings
in which they spent their days. He was about
seventy-one years of age when he died. The event
occurred Sept. 22, 1823. Dr. Abial Fisher says of
him, " His talents and acquirements were highly
respectable. His services as a teacher commanded
groat respect not only in but out of his denomina-
tion." Among his pupils were the late Hon. David
11. W^illiams, governor of South Carolina, and the
Hon. Tristam Burgess, LL.D., late Professor of
Oratory and Belles-Lettres in Brown University.

Williams, William, D.D., LL.D., ProH^ssorof
Eccle^ia^tical Hi.?tnr3', Church Government, and
Pastoral Duties iu the Southern Baptist Theologi-
cal Seminary, w.as born ;it Eatonton, Putnam Co.,
Oa., M.arch 15, 1821. He was convorti'd and unitjjd
with a Baptist church in 1837, and graduated at
the University of (Jeorgia in 1840. His attention
was first directed to the legal profession, as a prep-
aration for which he attended the law-school of
Harvard University, where he graduated in 1847.
He enteved the ministry iu 1851, his first pastoral

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WILLIAMS

,1255

WILLIS

charge lieini;' at Anluini, Ala. In ISfili In; booaiiie
Prcil'es.soi- of 'I'lioolojiy in Morctn' University, tlion
at IVnIiclJ, (ia. In 1859 ho was elected Professur
of Keelesiastical History, Cluu'cli Government, and
Pastoral Duties in the Soutlicrn Baptist Tlioo-
logieal Soiiiiuary. At various times during the
enforecil abseneo of the I'rol'ossor of Systematic
Thecdojiy the dntios of that eiiair were filled by
Dr. Williams, and in May, 1S72, he was formally
transferred to that professorslii|i, in which he eon-
tiimed until his death. Dr. Williams was on sev-
eral occasions elected one of the vioe-jiresidents of
tlic Southern Baptist Convention, and was the ap-
pointed pi'cacher of its twenty-tifth annual sermon
;it 8t. Louis, Mo., in May, 1.S71. He received the
de^^reo of D.D. from Mercer Univcr.sity in 1859, and
of Llj.l). from KicluMOnd (.'ollci^e in 187f).

He died at Aiken, S. 0., Fel). 20, 1877, and was
buried at Greenville, S. 0., whei-e his fornier stu-
dents have erected a monument (o his memory.

Williams, William R., D.D., LL.D., was born
in i\eu- York, Oct. 14, 1804. His father, liev.
John Williams, wa.s ))astor of the Oliver Street
(dnirch twenty-seven years. He was graduated at
Columbia College wilh distinguished honor in 1823,
and commenced the study of the law, intending to
make that his profession. He was baptized by Dr.
S. II. Cone into the fellowship of the Oliver Street

Wll.l.lAH R. IVll.l.lAMS, D.D., I,r..D.

church, and took an active part in cliurcb work.
By his labor a mission Sunday-school was organ-
ized in the thirteenth ward, which grew into the
East Broome Street Baptist church. Its name was

changed to the Cannon Street church, and it is
now known as the Kast Baptist church.
. He was then identified with another new inter-
est, and, having been licensed to preach, when the
Amity Street church was constituted he was at the
same time ordained as its pa.stor. Dec. 17, 1832.

While in the practice of the law his literary ca-
reer oommoiioed. He wrote lirst a biographical
notice of his father, and an elaborate address en-
titled "Conservative Principles incur Literature."
His " Miscellanies" and his " Lectures on the
Lord's Prayer," with other sermons and addresses,
raised him to the lirst rank among religious au-
thors. The purity of his rlnitoric, the uleavness of
his reasoning, and the brilliance of his style have
led literary men to pronounce him the Kobert Hall
of America. Dr. AVilliams produces his great works
from a well-trained and well-stored mind furnished
by the great libraries of New York ami his own
choice collection of more than 10,0(10 volumes.

At this present writing Dr. Williams occupies
the same pulpit in which he was ordained nearly
fifty years ago. He has been invited to chairs in
colleges and semiimries, but such is his love for
his church ami his study that he has declined all
such tempting proposals. He is never heard in
public debate, nor does he engage in newspaper
discussion on any subject.

His late lectures in New York on " Baptist His-
tory" and " Bunyan ;ind the Pilgrim's Progress"
called out a good attendance of clergymen of all
denominations and of literary men, who were de-
lighted by his eloquence and learning.

Dr. Williams is one of the most elegant writers
that ever used the English language, and one of
the greatest men that over occupied an American
pulpit.

Willis, Rev. C. C, one of the most pious, use-
ful, and laliorious of the ministers in the Columbus
Association, Ga., was born March 24, 1809, in
Baldwin County, and remove<I to Talbot County at
maturity, where, for half a century, he has been
faithfully working for Ji^sus. He has nnide a most
salutary imjiressicjn on the entire community in
his section ; has built up and trained to a high de-
gree of e.\cellence several churches ; and has ex-
erted a noble influence in behalf of missions and
Sunday-schools. He has often been Moderator of
tlie Columbus Association, and is one of the best
pastors and revival pri'aehers in the State.

Willis, Rev. Edward J., was bom in Culpepor
Co., \'a., Dec. 19, 1N20: was educated in \'irginia
and in Massachusetts; stnilied law at the Univer-
sity of Virginia, and graduated in July, IS42. He
began the practice of law at once, his lionu; being
in Charlottesville. ID; was baptized in his
eighteenth year.

In 1849 he went to California, walking from In-

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WILLIS

1250

WILSON

dependence, Mo., iv distance of 2200 miles. He
began the practice of the law in .Saciaincnto ; in
April, 1850, lie was elected judge. In 1854 lie was
licensed to preach ; resigned liis judgeship, and
in (Jctuher of the same year was oniaiiied a iiiiu-
ister of the gospel. The (Jakiaiid ai\d Sacramento
chiirclies were hoth oi'gauized at his residence. His
(irst ]iastorate was with the Oakland church, which
continued till 1.S54. lie then returned to Virginia,
and from 18."i4 to 18i>0 was pastor of the Leigh
Street church in Kichmund.

lie was first chaplain, and then captain, of the
I5th Virginia Kegiment of infantry in the Con-
federate army, and comnuiuded the regiment in
several of the battles of the war.

For two years, 1865-07, he was pastor at Gor-
donsville and Orange Court-llnuse. Froui 1807 to
1809 he was pastor of the church in Alexandria;
thence lie went as missionary jiastor to Winciiester,
and in 1872 took charge of the Winchester Female
Institute, now Broaddus Female College, which
was removed to t'larkslnirg, W. Va., in 1870.

Willis, Rev. Joseph, the ajiostlo of the Attaka-
pas (Louisiana), was a mulatto. He first appears
in Southwest Mississippi as a licensed |ireacher in
17'J8. lie was born in 1702. Upon the acquisition
of Louisiana lie biddly crossed the Mississippi
Kiver, and in 1804 preached at Vermilion and at
Plaquemine I5rnl6. For eight years, amid trials
and |iersecutions, he preached the gospel in the
Opelonsas country, alone and unrcmuncrated, ex-
pending a little fortune in the effort, jjlanting the
seeds of many churches that afterwards sprang up.
In 1812, with the assistance of visiting ministers
froiu Mississijipi, he organized a church at Bayou
Chicot, the first west of the Mississippi. Father
Willis, as he was affectionately called, extended
his laljors and constituted other churches. Being
joined by O'Qnin and Nettles in 1810, the churches
increased, and in 1818 the Louisiana Association
■was organized, of which he was moderator many
years, lie lived to see abundant fruits of his
labors. He died in 1854.

Willmarth, Rev. Isaac M., was born at Deer-
field, N. Y., Oct. 27, 1804, and was baptized tliere
in 1830 ; graduated from Hamilton College in
1825, and Newton Theological Institution in 1833;
ordained at New York, April 30, 1834, and jiro-
ceeded to France, where he labored as a mission-
ary until 1837. (See Mission to France.) Com-
pelled by ill health to return to America, his life
has been spent in preaching and teaching, lie
has been pastor at Peterborough, New Ipswich,
and Drcwsville, N. II., Grafton and Pondville,
Vt., and Howe, Mass. He has been principal of
several aeadeniies. Is living (1881), and ulile to
preach occasionally. Mr. Willmarth is a devout
man, whose life has been full of usefulness.

Willmarth, Rev. James W., was bom in

Paris, France, of .Vmericau parents, in 1835. He
was baptized in t<raft(ju, Vt., in 1848. His early
studics'wero greatly impelled Ijy an alfcction of the
eyes, but his thirst for knowledge could not be
held in check by any dilficulty not insurmounta-
ble ; he gave time and toil to the ancient hmguagcs,
and his heart to theological aeipiisitioiis, and at an
early period in life be was a scholarly preacher,
well skilled in divinity. His first public service
for Christ was performed when he was a mission-
ary colporteur of the American Bajitist Publication
Society in Chicago. He was ordained, in 180U, in
Aurora, 111. He has been pastor in Metamura,
111., Amenia, N. Y., Wakefield, Mass., Pemberton,
N. J., and he is now the pastor of Roxborougli
church, Philadelphia. He -is a writer of great
power, and he uses a |)rolilic pen. His articles on
"The Future Life" and " l>a|itism and Remis-
sion," in the Baptist Qiuoierly, showed much
originality, and produced a iirofound impression
upon cultured men of (jod.

No one stands higher in the estinuition of his
friends, and all that know him may be reckoned
among the number. His position on any subject
is very decided ; he knows nothing of half-heart-
edness ; bis thoughts are as transparent as a sun-
beam. He shuns no responsibility in defending
any truth ; he avoids no sacrifice in assisting a
friend. He is an able preacher, with a noble in-
tellect, ardent piety, and a bright earthly future,
if his slender frame will permit him to stay on
earth for a few years.

Wilson, Adam, D.D., was born in Tupsham,
Me., Feb. U), 17'J4. He littcd for college at the
Hebron Academy, and entered Bowdoiu College,
in Brunswick, Me., in 1815. At the close of his
Freshman year he was baptized. He graduated
in 1819 and studied theology with Rev. Dr. Staugh-
ton, then of Philadelphia. In the early part of
1822 be commenced his ministry in Wiscassett,
Me., having been previously ordained, Dec. 13, 1820.
He remained in Wiscassett two years. For nearly
four years he served as pastor of two churches,
one in New Gloucester and the other in Turner.
While thus engaged, he was invited to take charge
of a new paper which was about to be started in
Maine, as the organ of the Baptist denomination in
that State; the first number of which, T lie Zion's
Advocate, appeared Nov. 11, 1828, with the imjirint
of Adam Wilson as its editor and proprietor. He
continued to perform his editorial duties for ten
years, when he received and accepted a call to be-
come the pastor of the First Ba|)tist church in
Bangor, securing the services of another to take
his place as editor of the Advocate, although he re-
mained its proprietor. He was pastor of tho
Bangor church three years and a half, and of the

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WILSON

1257

WILSON

cluircli in Turiiur, willi wliicli lie luul lormcrly
been eoiinecti.'ii, two years, at tli« ond ul' which
tiiue, 1843, he resuiiied the cditurial iimniigeiiu-iit
of his puper. Fur live yearn he eoiiliuued in this

.\UW WJI.SdN, D.D.

positii)!!, and then acted as |)astor, first of the
ehureli in Jlelu'on, and then of tlie church in Paris,
covering a period of nearly ten years. In IbaS he
removed to Waterville, which was his home the
remainder of his life. lie was constantly engaged
in snpplying the weak ehnrehes in the section
where he lived, and his usefulness was not abated
down to tlie close of lil'e. He was an able theolo-
gian, and wortliily won the degree of D.D.. con-
ferred on him by Waterville College in LSJl. 'J'he
amount of literary work which he accomplished as
the editor of Zion's .idfocaU for si.vteen years it
is not easy to estimate. He jiublislied but little
apart from what he prepared for his paper. For
more than fijrty years he was a trustee of Water-
ville College, now Colby University. ''The col-
lege records show," says President Champlin,
;' that his hand framed the greater part of the im-
portant reports and resolutions presented during
that long period. In all the discussions and dilli-
eult questions arising at the sessions of the trus-
tees. Dr. AVilson's uniformly coiieiliatory spirit had
rendered inestimable: servieo.'' ,V busy and most
useful life termiiuited Jan. l(i, 1871. It is safe to
say that ]irobaljly to no one man is tin; present
prosperity of the liaplist dmioinination in the iStalr
(jf .Maine more due than to the subject of this
sketch. The last Woiils which fell from his lips, a
80

few lioijrs before he died, -were, " One Lord, one

faith, one baptism, one religion, one hope, one
Saviour, (jne heaven, one eternity. Amen, and
amen I Auumi, and amcii !"

Wilson, Daniel M., was bom at iNIorristown,
N. J., in 1803. His mother was an excellent Chris-
tian woman of nnirked character. In early life
he ol)taincd a hope in Christ, but did nut make a
jirofession until mature years. He united with
the First Baptist church, Newark. He was at the
head of a strong commercial firm, had already ae-
(piired a financial competence, and he brought his
eminent business capaliilitics, with a true Chris-
tian devotedness, into action for church prosperity.
He exerted a powerful inlluence over the principal
cummercial corporations with which he was con-
nected ; served faithfully as collector of internal
revenue for the large eastern district of New
Jersey, and filled other public ollices involving
important trusts. In endeavoring to build up the
churches in Newark he was indefatigable. The
success of the city mission was largely due to his
counsels and efforts. For eighteen successive years
he was president of the New Jersey Baptist State
Convention, occupying that office at his death in
1873. For most of that time he was treasurer of
the Education Society. As president of the New
Jersey Classical and Scientific Institute, at llights-
town, he devoted much time and energy to the
erection of the fine building and the prosperity of
the institution. Ho was for a time president of
the American ami Foreign Rible Society, and being
a generous contributor to all the societies for the
extension of the Saviour's kingdom, his counsels
were much prized, ^\'hen at the age of three-
score and ten he departed from earth, his dejith was
regarded as a public loss.

Wilson, Franklin, D.D., was born in Balti-
more, jMd., Dec. 8, 182'i. His father, Thoiinia
Wilson, was a member of the eminent firm of
William Wilson & Sons. Franklin's mother died
when he was fifteen months old, liut her place was
largely supplied by the devotion of his father's
cousin, Miss 1'. Slansbury, a very pious and active
member of the First Haptist church, who trained
the motherless cdiildreii in " the nurture and ad-
moiiitidii of the L(n'd." He began the study of
Ijatin when only seven years old ; at the age of ten
was sent to jNlount Hope College, near Baltimore,
and before he was thirlccn lie entered the F'resh-
man class. One of his ti'achers there was the Rev.
H, U, Ilackctt, D.D., who licame a Baptist wiiilo
in Baltimore. Soon after, Dr. Ilackctt accepted a
professorship in Urown University, K. 1., ami in
1831) Franklin was sent to that college, at lirst
undiT the special guarilianship of I'rof Ilackctt.
At the closouf his .Junior year, he was obliged to
suspend his studies from weakness of the eyes, and

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WILSON

1258

WILSON

he ^raiiuiitcd with tliu succeeding class in lS41,de-
livcrinn; the classical oration at the coniinciiccnicnt.
lie was fortunate in havinj; as classmates or friends
while in collei^e such men as Samson, JIalconi,

'I iifiPlii^yis^

FRANKMN WllSON, D.D.

Dodu;e, Lincoln, lJi'()oks, Brantly, Wcstun, and
Others since eminent in the denomination. During
the revival which Ibllowcd the day of prayer Ibi'
colleges, in lcS38, he professed conversion, and
was haptized in Baltimore, April 22, 18118, by the
llev. Stephen 1'. Hill, D.D. In 1842 he entered
the Newtini Theological Institution, but; left in
1844, before completing the ciliirse, to attend his
father in his fatal illness. Wliile at honie he be-
gan laboring at u mission chapel, erected by liis
uncle, James Wilson, at Huntington (since Wav-
erly), and finally accepted the jiastorship ul' the
church formed there under his ministry. In 1845
ho took a trip tu JMuope, visiting England, Ire-
land, Scotland, and France. He was ordained
in l>altin](jre, Jan. 18, 184G, at the Fii-st Baptist
church, where he ineaclied bis lirst sermon in
1842, beijig then hut nineteen year.-^ of age, on a
theme which always deeply interested him, —
"Prayer for (Jolleges." In 1857 a council of city
churches urged him to become the ])astor cjf the
High Street church, Baltinioj'e, which was over-
wludmed by liimncial dilliculties and aljont to be
sold. He accepted, and held the position till 1H50,
thus, by his gratuitous services, saving the house
of worship, erieouvaging the ehurcli, and adding
to its nu'uibrrship cighty-lnur by ImpliMn. .\
disease of the vocal organs compelled hini at this

time to suspend his public labors; but he continued
his pastorate until 1S52, when he reluctantly re-
signed. After six years of )iartial rest his vocal
organs Were strengthened, and since tliat he has
preached hundreds id' sermons.

Dr. Wils'in has added much to the literature of
the denomination. Karly in 1851 he became editor
of The True Uhwh, a Baptist weekly, then pub-
lislicd in Baltimore, which (losition he held until
1857. lleedited it again in 1801, and during these
years lie not only gave his time and hilmr gratui-
tously to the work, but expended, in addition, not
less than $200 a year for the privilege of keeping
up the paper.

In 1857-58 he edited T/ie Ckrislinn licvieio
(quarterly), in conjunction with liev.(_J. B.Taylor,
now missiiinary in Uome, Italy. In 1865 he edited
for one year 'I'/ie Muii/hind Baptist, a monthly
jiaper. In 1853 he gained a jirize of $100 for the
best essay on "The Duties of Churches to their
Pastors." He also |iublislicd tracts and essays on
"Keep the Church Pure," "The Ccjmparative In-
fluence of Bajitist and Pedoba-ptist Principles in
the Christian Nurture of Children," " How Far
ma)' a Christian indulge in Popular Amusements?"
" What Must I Do to be Saved V" (a tract which has
proved a blessing to niiiny an inrpiiring mind) and
a very valuable treatise on "Wealth, its Acquisi-
tion, Investment, and Use," which has received
the warmest commendations of the (iress.

One of the must important [lOsts he has occujtied
is that of secretary of Ihe E.xecutive Board of the
Maryland Ba|itist Union Association. Elected in
1847, he has held that ollice for moi-c than thiity
years. The Association was formed in 1830, with
only 0 churches and 478 members. In 1877 it num-
bered CO churches and 10,716 members, and its an-
nual contributions had increased more than tenfold.
In 1854 he was largely instrumental, with Rev. Dr.
Williams, in forming tlie Baltimore Baptist Church
Extension Society; was its first secretary for a
nniiiber of years and a large contributor to its
funds. Under its auspices were erected the Lee
Street, the Fraiddin Square, the Leadenhall Street,
and the INIadiscni S(pniii,' meeting-houses. The last
was built entirely at the expense of Dr. Wil.\on, as
was also the Koekdale chapel, near liidtimorc. He
has also given liberally to the erection of nearly
every other Baptist meeting-house in Maryland.
In 1854 he became one of the constituent members
of the Franklin Square church, where he has re-
mained ever since, having been lVe(|Ucntly called
to act as temporary pastor during the changes in
the pastoral r(dation which the church has exjieri-
enccd. lie has preaeheil in thiit eliui-ch more than
250 times, and bapti/.ed lifty persons. As early as
18(i0 he becauu! ilccqdy interest(^d in Italy; wriile
and published many articles on it as a missionary

V'hl^.^.Vil

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WILSON

]250

WILSON'

fielil r.ir l!u|itists ; ;uul in 18G4 indiii:LMl tlir Kov.
Julni IliM':; til writo :in lU'ticli; for tliu LanihiH Ficc-
miin, wliieli ;;avii ri.so to tlic Italian Missidii IVoiii
tlic Kni:;lisli liajilists. In LSTl.t, Df. Wilsuii, liy re-
quest, di'livercil nii a<ldrcss in l'liil;ulol|iliiii, at the
iinniversavy of the Anicriitaii l!a]iti>t Piihlicatimi
Siiciotv, iii'^^iiig it to ciigajic in distriUitiiii; rcliLnoiis
piiblii^ations in Italy and Spain ; and tho ){.l'V.
JaiHcs 15. 'I'ayjor wiis coiilirineil liy it in the desire
to estaldish a mission in Italy. SlimMiy al'tci-, the
Ilev. Dr. Oote w:ia introdneed hy Dr. Wilson to the
Southern Board, and Ijcoanio the first Amerioan
l>;iptist missionary in Ivome. Since 1.S47, Dr. "Wil-
son lias heen one ol' the trustees of the Colunibian
Collei;;e, 'Wasliini^ton, D. ('., and when the coUej^e,
in hS7li, lieeanu! the Cohiuihian University, liiMvas
made oiui of its overseers. This institntion con-
ferred on him the deforce of D.D. in 18(15.

Many of the lieniivohint oriianizatiniis of Balti-
itiore have his aid and eonnsel. He oriii;inated the
Younjr Men's C'liri>tian Association of that city.
lie has done inneh t(j\varils improving and beatiti-
fying the siihnrlis, and has aideil in the erection of
iiuire tinrn forty huildinns, besides oluirchcs. He
has done much, also, towards preventing ravages
hy lire, and is now ]iresident of the Fire-Proof
Biiihling Company, the first great work of which
was rendering fire-proof the noble linildiiigs of the
I'eabody In.stitute and the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Wilson, Rev. J. C, was bom in Chatham Co.,
N. ()., Jnly lii!, _1S2(); baptized hy Kev. P. W.
Dond in 1838; ordained in November, 1849, llevs.
P. AV. Doud and J. Oiin forming the Presliytery ;
was educated at Wake Forest College, and has
served with great aeee|itance a number of cliurches
in Orange, Chatham, and Wake Counties. Mr.
Wilson has been for many years the moderator of
the Mount Zion Association.

Wilson, John Butler, M.D., tlie eldest son of

Rev. Dr. A. Wil.son, was born in Portlaml, Me.,
Feb. 24, 1834. He was a graduate of Waterville
College in the class of 1854. For three years he
■» was the nrineipal of an academy in Fast Corinth
and of the high school in Dextiu-, Me. He received
the degree of M.D. at the Jederscui .Medical College,
in Philadelphia, in 1850, and commenced the pi'ac-
tice of his profession at E.xcter, Me. Upon the
call for troops in the late civil war, Dr. Wilson was
eoinniissioned as captain of a company raised by
himself, and in the fall of 18lil was stationed at
Pensacola a.s provost-marshal for the District of
West Florida and South Alabama. Subsequently
ho was appointe<l surgeon of the 7lh Itegiment,
U. S. Infantry, and was medical director ol' all the
forces in Texas. He received other profe.-^Mi.nal
appointments as )n'oof of tiio confidence ul ibe
government in his capacity. The state of his
health obliged him to resign, and he returin'd to

Maine in 18G5. He ri^sumed his profession in
De.^ter, Mo., hut did not long survive the hardships
which had thoroughly undermined his conslitntion.
He du'd at Dexter, March 15, 18(1().

'"Dr. Wilson was a man of fine talents and at-
tainments, qualified for the first rank in his pro-
fession, in which he had already won distinction.
His ardent love for the study of natni'c, which hi!
had )iursued from early youth, woiilil have earned
for him scientific reputation had his life biien
spared."

Wilson, Rev. John S., was bom in Franklin
Co., Ky.,-lnly 13, IT'Ji. In his infancy his parents
settled in Adair County. At the age (jl' eighteen
years he was baptized into the fellowship of Mount
(iili'ad Baptist church. Five years afterwards he
settled in Todd County, in 1822 ihe was licensed
to preach, and after a few months was ordained
and liectimo |)astor of Lebanon church. Soon after-
wtirds he became pastoral supply of other churches
in his neighborhood. Brilliant success attended
his labors wherever he ju'eaehed. From his ordi-
nation until his doiith he lived in tin almost un-
broken series of revivals. In 1833 he a<'cepted the
Kentucky agency of the American Bible Society,
and during the same year was called to the pas-
torate of the First Baptist church in Louisville.
He accepted, and the church prosjiered under liis
ministry, but he still continued the work of an
evangelist, and multitudes were converted during
rcviviils Conducted hy him in the counties around
Louisville. In the spring of 1835 he preacheil fif-
teen days in Shelbyville, and 1(11 were baptized.
The revival spread to the neighboring churches,
and it was estinnited that I2(,IU were added to the
Lord during its continuance, upwards of 800 of
whom were baptized into the churelies of Long
liiver Association. His last w(U-k was in a great
revival at Elizabethtown in August of the same
year. He died Aug. 2S, 1835.

Wilson, Rev. Joseph Kennard, son of Rev.

James F. and Ksther B. Wilson, was born at Black-
woodtown, N. J., June 29, 1852; converted Decem-
ber, 1807, and baptizeil into Blockley Ba[itist
church, Philadelphia, Pa., of wiiicli his father was
the pastor; removed to Masbachusetts in 18(58;
entered Brown University in 1S70 ; graduated in
1873, and entered Crozer Theologii'al Seminary, at
Upland, Pa. ; in the summer of 1874 suiiplied the
Baptist church at Broadalbin, N. Y. ; called to be
pastor of the church, and was ordaincil Nov. 4,
1874; in the winter of IS75-7(i prc-arhcJ at Flm--
ence, N. J., and about riglily were! converted, and
a church afterwards was formed ; graduated from
Crozer Theological Seniinury in lN7(i; accepted a
call from Nyaek, N. Y. ; in Februitry, 1878, settled
with Huntington Street I5aptist church in New
Ijondon, Conn., and is now (ISiSl) laboring there.

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WILSO!^

Wilson, N. W., D.D., one of tlie iriD.st ol(i(|in;iit
miiiisti'rs ill I ho Soutli, who ('i-'ll a victim to yi-llow
rev'i'f ill Wrvv OrloiiMs in I.S78, wliili^ hi'iDically
discliiirgiiig liis Unties as jiastor ol' C'ulo.ssoiiiii
I'hiL'o l)a|ili^t climrli. was born in I'andlcton Co.,
^'a., Oct. lit), IS:it; was oniaiiiiMl in 1«5S; after
(illiiii;- .si'vrral country pastoi-atcs in Vil'^illia lie
\va^ callcci to ('liajii'l Hill, i\. ('., wlirrc liis rare
talents soon ronilei-rd liiiii ilistingnislii'il ; llieiu'ii to
Fariiiilalo, Va., wliiuo lie laliorcd for two years,
lint a wider tield was awaiting him, and in ISTO he
was calleil to Graec Street ehiireh, Uiciiniond, Va.,
where he ministered with j^n^at sueces.s until he
wa> called to New Orleans in ISTo. In his new
Meld he fully sustained his re|>utalion, and fell a
martyr tu humanity.

Wilson, William Lyne, was born in Jcn'erson
Co., \'a.. May •!, I SI'!. He pursued his early edu-
cation at the' Charlestown Acadeiiiy, and entm-iiig
the Coluiiiliian OuUcl'c. Se|jtemlier, 1858, ln^ j^radu-
ated with honors in June of 18fiO. After receiving
his degree of A.B. lie entered the University of
Virginia to prosecute some special studies, and re-
mained there until the war broke out, at wdiich
time he left and entered the i'onfederate service,
serving through the contest in the I'Jth llegular
Virginia Cavalry. In 1805 he was ehicted Assistant
Professor of Ancient Languages in the Columbian
College, and in 1867 he was chosen Professor of
the Latin Language and Literature. While hold-
ing this position, i\Ir. Wilson took the course of
law in the Law-School of the ('oliimbian College,
and graduated LL.B, in 18(17. He was baptizi^d
by the Rev. Itr. (Juthbert in Noveiulier, 187(1. In
1871 he resigned his professorship to practise law,
which he is still doing, in Winchester, ^^a. lie
held for several years the ollice of count}' super-
intendent of schools. Mr. ^\'ilson is greatly in-
terested in educational movements, and on more
than one occasion his admirable aildresses at Asso-
ciational meetings have stimulated his hearers to
a greater zeal in their behalf.

Wilson, Rev. WiUiam V., was born Nov. IS,
1811, ill lliiiiterdoii ('o..i\.;l. Karly he developoil
a great inclination and aptitude for study ; was
converted when about eighteen, and joined the
church at Sandy Kidge in I8;;|. He had a
thorough education, covering a number of years,
under such men as II. K. (ireen and Samuel
Aaron ; entered Princeton Theological Seminary
in 1838, the ocrtificate of Mr. Aaron being consid-
ered eipiivalcnt to a college diploma. After |iur-
sning the full course ho liecame a missionary of
the New Jersey Raptist Stale (Convention in iMid-
dlesex County. He was for a little time pastor at
I'Cey port and at the Second Midilletown Church. In
1851 he became pastor of the Port Monmouth Jbip-
tist church, wlicrc for more than a ([uarter of a ceii-

1260

WING ATE

tury he has edilied the people of God. Mr. Wilson
is treasurer of the Education Society. With preach-
ing talents he i:ombines an nnusnal aptitude for
business, and he has freely and successfully used
this for the cause uf (iod. lie succeeded in the
almost impossible work of extricating Peddie Insti-
tute from its tinancial dilliculties, and lias fre-
(pnnitly by his counsels and labors helped to raise
money needed for the carrying on of benevolent
operations. His published seriiion on giving, and
other discourses and writings, have stirred up the
people to greater coii.secration of their means to
(Iod and larger elforts to spread the gospel.
Wincliell, Rev. James Manning', so well

known, especially in New Kiiglaiid, as the com-
piler of " Watls's Psalms and Hymns, with a Sup-
plement," in general use in the Baptist churches
before the introduction of the "Psalmist," was
born at North East, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Sept. 8,
17'.J1. He became a Christian in early life. For
three years he was a student in Union l!ollege.
The last year of his college ccnirse he s)ient in
Providence, and graduated from lirown University
in I8I"J. While pursuing his regular studies in
college he turned his attention to theology, and
on graduating was licensed to preach by the Bap-
tist church in North Last, lie supplied the church
in Bristol, R. 1., for a year, when he was called to
Uoston to the First Baptist cliureh, where he was
installed March 3(J, 1814, and was its pastor for
six years. Dr. Neale says of li.im, " The favor-
able impressions made at first were deepened by
acquaintance. No remarkable events or stirring
scenes occurred during his ministry, ami hi' never
sought to create an artilicial excitement. No large
additions were made at any one time. Nidther was
there a period of dearth, but a steady and continu-
ous advance in ndigious knowledge and s|iiritual
life." Mr. Wincliell fell a victim to New Kiigland's
fatal nnilady, consuiiqilion. His death took place
Feb. 22, 1820. One who knew liim well wdiile he
was the pastor of the First church in Boston says
of him, '• Young Winchell's manner in the pulpit
a|i|iroached more nearly to that of Siininierfield, that
youthful ]irodigy of loveliness, than any other that
1 have ever witnessed. There was the same win-
ning simplicity and naturalness in the one as in
the other." Dying at the early age of twenty-
nine, he left behind him a memory full of the
swi^etest fragrance.
Winebrennarians.— See Ciiintcu or don.

Wingate, W. M., D.D. -This best of men was
born in Darlingloii, S. C., l-'idi. 22, 1828; was bap-
tized by Dr. J. 0. B. Dargan ; gradii-ated at Wake
Forest (Jollege in lS-19 ; studied theology for two
years at ]'"nrman Institute, S. C. ; was agent of
Wake Forest College from 1852 to 1854, when ho
was chosen president, which position he held till

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WlXGATfJ

1261

WINKLER

his do;itli, \i period of tucntj'-fivx' j'CiU-s. He ro-
coivoil tin; luMioiiiry degree of J). I', from Coliuiibiiui
Uiiiversily, ^Va-sliingtoii, D. C, in 181)7. llo died
of lioiti-t <lise.i.se, Kel). -7, IS7'.'.

He Wiis :iii iidminilile collegu president, the

||gp:F^-^;;

«•. M. MIMiATIv, IJ.D.

Silliest preaelier the Baptists of Nortli Carolina
liavi! yet had, and the sweetest saint the writer has
ever known. The type of iii.s piety was so exalted
that it lifted him ahovi: the ordinary inlirmities of
<!ven jiood men.

It was meet thtit such a life should lie crowned
liy a lieantiful and L'lorious death. IHs last day
was the happiest of his life. All that day his I'ace
.shone as did that o( ]\Ioses when he caaie from
the presi'iiee of (hid in the monnt, and when the
supreme hour came the i!;lory of tiotl overshadowed
the chamher where the good man met his fate.
Just before he breathed his last he seemed to he
conversing with the Saviour as though he were
personally present. ''Oh, how ilelii;htlul it is! I
knew you would ho with me win n ihe tiiiK; eann-,
jind 1 knew it would he sweet, hut I did not know
it Would he so sweet as it is."

A lilting tribute was paid to his virtues in a
splendid eulogy pronounced by the Itev. !•'. H.
Ivoy. one of his old pupils, at the commencement
followiii'j: his death, and his memory is still further
honored in the Wingate .Memorial Hall, a large
;uid lianilsoiiH; eliapel ei-eeted by his friends during
the past \ ear.

Winkler, Edwin Theodore, D.D., was borji in

Savannaii, (hi., Nov. hi, IS'J;; prepared lor college

in Chatham Aeadmiiy of his own city; entered
Brown University in 1S3U ; graduated in 1S43, and
the same year entered Mewton Theological Semi-
nary ; in 18h5 was assistant editor of the Chrisliau
Judex ; supplied the pul|iit of the church in Colum-
bus, Ga., for si.-c months; in IS46 became jiastor
at Albany, (ja., where he remained until called to
Galiisonville, S. C. ; in 1852 bi'oame corresponding
secretary of the Southern ISaptist Publication
Society, in Charleston, and I'dilor of the ISout/urn
liaptist ; in 1854 called to the First Baptist church
in Charleston, and, except during ii somewliat
lengthy chaplaincy in the Confederate army, he
remained pa.stior in that city until called to Ala-
banui, closing his pastorate there with the Citadel
S(|iLare church, when he Ijecame, in 1872, pastor in
the city of .Marion. In h^7t, when the Ijajitists
of his newly-adopted Slate inaugurated the Alu-
lidiiKi J!(tiiti.il, he hi-came editor in-chief, a position
which he still holds. He has been connecteil at
times with other ])apers. North and South, as cor-
responding editor. With ;i national rejiutation, lie
has been freipu.'utly invited North and South to
ileliver sermons and addresses on important occa-
nIous. Several of these addresses were called lor,
and published in ))erinanent form. Of these, we
may mention his Centennial address, in 1870, he-

EUWIX ■IIIKonolil. UlMvl.KU, II. II.

foro the Newton 'f heological Si inin.iry, and his
sernu)n before the iViinu-iean IJ.iptist Home IMis,-.ion
Society, on the education of the culor<'d ministry,
in 1871. He is the autlnu' of a ciiteehism for the
ora) instruetiun (d' the eolore'd people, which has

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WINK'S

12C2

WINTER

been cxteii-sivuly used ; oC ;iii c.-say on " 'I'lio Spirit
of Missions, tliLj .Spirit uf Clirist;" of ;ui essay oji
" 'i'liu Spliuru of tlie Jliuistry;'' uf ii prcl'ace to
tlio '■ iSiiorucl Liito," a liyiun-lKiolc, at tlio ruciiiost
of the Soutlierii Haptist I'libllcatidii .Society. Tlie
degrei- of Doctor of Divinity was conl'erreil on hiin
ill IS.'JS liy Fiiniiaii Uiiiv(M'sity. lie t\vi<;e de-
elinoil calls to a ])rol'essorsliip in tlio iSoullierii
liii[)tist Theological Seminary.

Dr. Wiiikl(-'r is distinguished for soliolarly accu-
racy, Ijroad culture, clear and lorcilile style, courtly
and dignilied personal liearing, ami the most elegant
language ;»nd the fnu'st literary allusions, lie is
idunujs rcaihj ; this makes him cine of the hest and
safest speakers in the whole country. His grand-
father was a <listinguished odicer under Oen.
Marion in tin; Revolutionary war.

Winks, Joseph F., wa> horn at (iainshoroiigh,
Liucohishirr, i'.nglaml, on Dec. I'J, 1V'.)2. lie was
converted in his youth, in his family liihlo he
made the following record : '" liegotti'ii again unto
ii lively hofic through the resurrection of Jcsus
Christ from the dead ahout I81'J, lint not haiiti/.ed
uniil Scjit. 2<J, 182.'!. ■' lie gave hiursclf with
great ardor to the estahlishment of .Sunday-
schools in the neighhorhood, and was called to the
jiastorate of the small (jeinral 15aptist church at
Killingholme. .Suhscquently he hihored at Mel-
bourne, Derbyshire, at Lougiiboroiigh, and finally
at Leicester, where he spent the remainder of his
life. The cstablishii'ient and promotion of denom-
inational periodicals and (jf cheap evangelical liter-
ature engrossed his energies for nearly I'orty years.
For several years lie edited live monthly inagaziiu's,
the Buplist Ri:porter, the Children's Magazine, the
Chrisliaii Pioneer, the Baptist Youths' Magazine,
and the rirlure Magazine. lie CQm|iiled a num-
ber of .Sunday-school books, and published many
pamphlets and tracts on baptism, which had a
wide circulation and a great inllucnce. lie was a
fearless and unswerving friend of civil and relig-
ious freedom, and stood in the front of every local
(^onllict for the cause. His life was full of wtu-k.
Whilst an attached member of the New Connection
of General Baptists, his enthusiastic and enter-
prising advocacy of Scripture baptism won for him
the esteem of all earnest Baptists.

He was ever active and untiring in evangelistic
labors of all kinds; lie was cmphaliually " ready
to every good win-k." He died May liS, ISC.G,
aged scvcnty-thr.-c.

Winston, Prof. Charles H., was liorn in Kieh-
mond, \'a. His father was I'eter Winston, a dea-
con in the First Baptist church. In 185,') he grad-
uated at Hampden .Sidney College, and was at oiici;
ap[iointeil lutor and assistant professor. In 18.08 he
took the degree of Master of Arts at the University
of Virginia, and was immediately elected Professor

of Ancient Languages in Transylvania University.
In ISo'J he was elected a professor in Uiehmond
Female Institute, and the ne.\t year was made
president, which jiositioii he held until 187^), when
he was elected Professor of Physics in Kichmoiid
College.

During the war, the c.\ercises in the institute
being temporarily suspended, Prof. AVinston was
in the service of the nitre bureau of the Confederate
States, at Charlotte, N. C, making sulphuric acid.
By his energy, skill, and fertility of resounx- he
won the a|j[irobation of the bureau and of the gov-
ernment.

'I'he war ending, he resumed liis life-work, for
which he is pre-eminently litted. As a teacln-r, he
is patient and enthusiastic, with marvelous cap;icity
for simplifying and making clear to the dull or me-
diocre intellect. Like Procter, Huxley, and other
scientists, he has delivered public lectures, illus-
trated by diagrams and experimi'nls, popularizing
abstruse subjects, and awakening much interest
and enthusiasm. He has a quick, fertile, and sug-
gestive mind, never satisfied with superficial or
lirst views, but going to the " bottom of tilings.''
As a counselor or committee-man. Prof. Winston
is invaluable, as preventing hasty and inconsiderate
action, and compelling a consider, .tion uf the ".' other
side" of a pro|iosition. •

Having been president of the City Sunday-School
Association, ho takes deep interest in the Sunday-
school work, and his power to interest and instruct
children is often called into re(juisition. As Pro-
fessor of Physics, ho has given his department
prominence and popularity in the college and with
the public, and at the South is regarded as one of
the leading scientists.

Winston, Rev. Meriwether, was bom in Kich-
mond, Va., in 1828 ; educated at Madison Univer-
sity ; ordained pastor of the church in Charlottes-
ville, Va. ; subsequently was pastor in New York
City, in Norfolk, Va., in .Savannah, Ga., and in
Philadelphia, Pa. He returned to the .South on
the breaking out of the war, and entered the heav-
enly rest in 18G6. He was a genial, brotherly min-
ister, an eloquent preacher, and a Christain whose
graces secured the love of all that knew him.

Winter, John, M.D., was born in Wellington,
England, in July, 1T'J4. After graduating in the-
ology from Bradford .Semitiary, he emigrated to
America in 1822, and settled in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Here for some time he tai.-glit a school, and served
as pastor of the First Baptist church. Jluring
sixty years of a very active and successful minis-
try his labors were chielly in the westein part of
the .State. For a few years he preached in Illinois,
where two sons survive hliii. Ho died .\ov. 5, 1878,
in his eighty-lifth year, after an illness of only
three days, in Sharon,. Mercer Co., I'a.

y.* M

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WINTER

1263

WISCONSIN

His encriry was movo tliun oniiuary, and liis
cliarai:ter was of a most positive ty|ie, IiIcikIlmI witli
I'liildlike siiiiplioity and tonduniess ol' licait. His
clcanioss ol' tlioiij^lit was reiMiirltaljlc. 'I'lioso traits
made liim just tlie man iiei>d(>d for liis day. lIcncM',
ill Ids stniiit^lcs witii the errcu's ol' Alexander Cam|i-
liell, lie performed |ire-iMiiinent serviee, and elieeUed
materiallv llie spread ofen-or, savini; many cliurches
from beini^overwhelmed anddi'stroyed. IIiser<jwn-
ini; ^lory was Ids threat sneeess in winning souls to
Christ, 'i'o the last of an hoiuired and useful life
lie would not ;illow his mind to renuiin iiiai;tive,
l)ut k(tpt himself W(dl informed in jreneral and tlie-
oloo;ieal learninj;. ILuiee In^ was always listened
to with nnirUed interest, and eoniinued fresh and
green until he elosed his earthly lafiors.

Dr. ^V'inter was twiee married. His seeond wife
survives him, ami is the mother of two prouiinent
IJaptist ndnisii-r^,— Uiv. d. D. Iferr, D.D., of Xew
York, and Ufv. \, ■) . lion-all, of luiehester, Pa.
A daughter is also nniriied to Itev. |)avid ^\'iHiams,
of Lewishuri;, I'a., while a daULditer of Dr. Winter
i.s united in marriage to Judge S. F. Miller, of the
Supreme (!ourt of tlic; United States.

Winter, Thomas, D.D., sou of William and

Sarah D. Winter, was horn in the ancient liorough
of 'I'ewke.shiiry, (iloucestersliir(% England, I'Yd). 'li\
1798. Afler attemling the best sehools which the
jilace alfurded, he was |iut to tln^ business of his
father; was haptv/.ed May 7, 1«15, by llev. Daniel
'I'mtman ; was soon after engaged in labor at the
village stations of the eluireh until the summer of
181'J, when, with a small eompany of friends, he
uame to the United iStates, lamling in New Ycirk,
October 19. lie proceeded at once to Philadelphia,
and united with the .Sanscim Street (Fifth) church.
lie established a school for young ladies at l!ur-
lingtouj i\'. J., while Rev. J. 11. Keninird was ]ias-
■ tor there ; was invited to settle with the churcdi at
Lyon's Farms, N. J., and was tlnn'e ordained, llevs.
Thomas IJrown, of Seot(di I'lains, ami Daviil .Tones,
then of Xi'wark, and others olliciating. In the sum-
mer of l.SliG he accepted a call to the chureh at
North Kast, N. Y., where he remained until August,
1S3U. lie tlien received a call to the neighboring
church at Amenia, but declined in favor of a call
from the Jioxborough (dnindi, Philadelphia, wlieri'
he labored until Oetobm-, ISt'i.'i. He then yiidiled
to the (earnest request of his former charge, and
returned to North Kast, N. Y., Ijut was unable to
renniin on aecount of the clinmte. He returned to
Philadelphia, and in ISd.') removed his residence
und membership to Itoxborougli, where in' still
lives, full of years and homirs, amid the lunnes
and hearts of those who cherish his formi'r niiids-
trationa in grateful rememlnain'e. He received
the <iegree of D.D, in iM'il) from tin.' university at
Lewisburg, Pa. He was for many years the secre-

tary of the Board of 'frustees of the Philadelphia
I5aptist Association; w;is nn)deratov in lSli2. and
in that year [ireached the doetriiml sernHin (jii " The
Government of Ood." He is a stanch Uaptist, and
an able expounder id' Bible doctrines, lie is cpnck
to detect what he deems heresy, and is vigdrims
and pungent in his defense of llie truth, 'fhc
years of his life Inive been many, his laliors have
been abundant; he has ke[)t the I'aitb, the crown
is waiting.

V/inters, A. C, A.M., son of Daniid ami Mary
AV'inters, was born in liarrington, N. Y., Sept. 21),
183."). He gradini.li:d from Kochester University
in 1805. The same year was nnirried to Miss
llattie M. Payne, of Hannlton, N. Y. They both
obtained positions in the public schools in Nash-
ville, 'I'enn. Here they remai.ned two yeair-, when
they went to Europe, ami sp(nit two years attend-
ing lectures, and studying lauiiuagc and histcu'y in
various uidversities. In 1870 he was elected super-
intendent of the pulilic schools in Wellsborough,
Pa. On the openilig of Cook Academy, at Havana,
N. Y. , in 1873, he became Professor of .Mathematics,
and in 1875 the principal of the institution, a posi-
tion which he still Indils. iMrs. AVinters is teacher
of (ierman and Fremdi in the academy.

Wisconsin Baptist State Convention was

organi/^ed at Dolavau in July, 1814. Its object
was to preach the gosp(d and plant churches in all
the Territory of Wisconsin. The ministers present
at the organiziitimi wen; Rev. Henry Topping, Rev.
Petin' Conrad, Rev. .4. B. WinuhcU, Kev. Benjamin
Pierce, Rev. E. M. Underwood, and several (jtliers.
I'eter Conrad and X. B. Winclicll were its first
itinerant missionaries. For some time previous to
this the American Baptist Htnne Mission Society
had sust:iinej missionaries in the 'I'erritory and
aided the feeble churches. Rev. A. .Miner was at
this tinn; the general missionary (jf tin; .Vnnuican
Baptist Home Mission Soci(.'ty. At this early day
there seemed to be wide diderences among these
missionary pioneers in regard to the subject of
slavery and inissioimry societies. The American
Baptist Home Mission Society and the ^Vmerican
Baptist Missionary Union were su]iposed to be in
alliliatioii with slavery. Unfortunately, these ditt'er-
ences wc-re made |nominent at the \My lirst meet-
ing of this body. As the result, it jierislied in the
midst of uidni|jpy strife at its second anniversary.
On the 9tli of July, 1846, at Kast 'I'roy, a new
organization was elfected. Anumg the brethren
known to be present at this nn.'eting werci James
Delaney, Lewis Raymond, A. Miner, J. W. Fish,
1'. Conrad, Silas To, deer, H. AV. Reed, N. Clinton,
Deacon Wm. 11. [{yi()n,aud Hon. Charh's linrrhard.
The nu'eting at which the organization was idlected
was hcdd in a grove of oaks in the outskirts of the
village umlcr the open sky. Deacon A\'illiam 11.

\ 1'

Sir, !

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V2iU

IV[S(U)NS[N'

Uyi'oii in fervent prayer oonuiiitted the olijeet of
the meeting to tlie (iod of missions. Jlev. Lewis
liayniond was eluuted moderator, and llev. I'eter
Conrad clerlf. Win. II. Byron was eliosen presi-
dent, and II. W. Heed, of Wiiitewater, seeretary.
'I'lie lioily thns organized was called " TLe \\^iseonsin
i5a[)tist General Association," and was anxiliary to
tiie American Uaptist Home Mission Society.

The work of tlie Convention has lieen to I'oster
the feeble churches of the .State, and plant churches
in the destitute portions. Its relations with the
American Baptist Home Jlissiun Society have been
of the most fraternal character, and for many years
tlie two organizations co 0)ierated in the missionary
work of the State. The Convention has made in
the ctforts (d' thirty-four years, cither alone or*in
co-opcratidii with the American ISaptist Home -Mis-
sion Society, 0(11) missionary appointments, and
through th(! general .and local mi.ssiunai'ies has
organizi-'il more llian 100 churches, and extended
aid to almost every Baptist church in the State.
In tJiis wink it has cxiicnilcil about SliOO, 000. Its
missionaries have baptized m(jre than 2000 converts.
It has fo.stercd the work (d"tlie jViucrican Baptist
IVyssionary Union and that of tlie American JSap-
tist Publication Society, ami given synipathy to the
educational work of the State ; and now has its
outposts along the lines of new railroads and far
out in the ncjwer portions of the State. The Con-
vention is now (18.S0J better prepared for efiicient
work than ever before. Rev. ]>. Iv Halleman is tlie
president, M. 0. Hodge, D.I)., president of the
board, and llev. A. R. Jledbury the ellJcient su]icr-
intrndcnt and corresponding secretary.

Wisconsin, Baptists of.— The fust Ba|itist

minister who preached the gospel in Wisconsin
was Rev. James (Jrillin, who (li(,Ml in I'ewaukce in
1<S76. He organized the first Baptist chureh in
the 'I'erritory in Milwaukee in 1S.37. The city now
numbering 150,000 inhabitants was then a small
village, fllr. (irilUn was its iirst jiastiu'. Rev.
Peter Conrad, then just graduated from Hamilton
Theological Institution, was settled as pastor in
1841. Rev. Lewis Raynnmd was settled in l.St;>.
The church, alter passing tlu'ough sonu' vicissi-
tudes, is now thoroughly established, with Dr. i\I.
(i. Hodge as pastor. There are two other Amer-
ican Baptist churches in the city, — the Spring
Strei't anil tint South, — also two (jernnm chnrelies.

The second chnreii in the Territory was organ-
ized by Rev. Benjamin Pierce, in LS;47, at Roches-
ter, Racinit Co., the orgahiziilnni dating a lew
months later than lliatol MOwankee. Rev. Isaac
T. Ilinton, the iirst Ba).itist missionary sent by the
American Baptist Home Mission Society to ('bi-
cago, was present and assisted in the organization.
The; churidi was disbanded sev(n-al years ago.

The thii'd chureh organizv'd in the Territory was

the church in Delavan. The place was settled by
two brothers, — Baptists, — Henry and Saiufcel Phoe-
nix, of'Perry, N. Y. The iirst sermon preached
in the place was by Benjamin I'ieree to an audience
of eleven persons, in the autumn of 183li. The Bap-
tist church was oi'ganized in tlic autumn of 18o'J,
with seveiiteen mcuibers. Rev. Henry 'I'opping
was the first pastor. During his )iastorate of five
years the church grew from 17 to 13"J members.
The first meeting-liouse erected in tlie Territory
was built by this churcli in 1840.

Tlie fourth churcli organizeil was that of Prai-
rieville (now \Vaukeslia), in tlie autumn of 1839, a
little later than that of Delavan. It was gathered
and organized by the Rev. Richard Grjllin, who
was its first pastor. Five years after its organiza-
tion it re|iorted 158 members. Churches were
soon after m'ganizcd at Soutiipurt, Slielioygan, and
Lisbon.

The first Association in the Territory was formed
at Prairieville in October, 18u'J, and consisted of
seven churches, — Rochester, Southport, .Milwaukee, '
Delavan, Lisbun, Sheboygan, and Jelfcrson. The
name given to the Association was the ^\'iseonsiIl
Central. The nnmbi'i' of memlicis is not stated in
the minutes. Ri'V. r>eiijaiiiiii Pierce was moder-
ator, and 'P. M. ILdlisler iderk. Tlie only iiiinis-
tei' present at this meitting besides the moderator
was Rev. Richard Grifiin. The next session of the
Association was held the following year at Sontli-
|)Ort. At the third meeting of this body, held at
Delavan in 1841, and in the first Baptist meeting-
house erected in the Territory, thirteen churches
were reported and eight ministers. In 1843 the
churches had increased to twenty, and there were
fourteen ordaineil ministers, several lii^entiates, and
a membership of between 000 and 700. Among
tlie iiiinisterB present were Grillin, Top|jing, Lake,
Conrad, Miner, Carr, and AV^ioehcll. So rapid was
the growth of this Ijody that at its s'evcntli anniver-
sary it reported more than thirty cliurclies with
settled pastors, and 1500 communicants.

Milwdukcc An.siicialioii. — Out of this mother of
Associations the Milwaukee ikssoeiation was organ-
ized, Sept. 'J, 1840, at Sun Prairie. Rev. T. L.
Piilsbury ]jreached the opening sermon. Rev.
Peter Conrad was the moderator, and Rev. II. W.
Read the clerk. Sixteen churches were repre-
sented, of which twelve reported settled pastors,
with the regular preaching of the gospel. The
total membership of the cbuicdies was fi'JO.

]\'aluH>rth Assucialiiiii. — Inne •_:+. 1 Ml'., tin' WaU
worth ^Association was organized at \\'liiti.-wati:r.
Kev. P. \V. Lake was the modiu'alor, and Rev.
Spencer (Jarr clerk. Lev. J. H. Dudley iireached
llio opening sermon. Foiirte'cn churches composed
the organization. There were ten pastors and a
total mcmbcrshiii of 8N'J.

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1265

WISCONSIN'

h'aciiif Associaliijit,. — .Sept. 'H, l.S4(), tlio lliiciiio
Aasociiitioii Wiis iirf.'iini/iHl iit lliiuiiit!. Uov. Siliis
'I'lickur w;iM the iiunleriitur, ;iiul CImi-luH S. \Vi-i;:lit
clerk. Kiglit oluji'cliijs, with cij^ht iiniiiMters, en-
tered tlio Association. A total memhci'ship of 414
was reijorted.

'J'JH! above As^ioeiations havin;; huen (urineJ IVoni
the ehiux'hes ol' llie Wiscoiisiii As.sociatiuii, and oe-
cii|iyinL' the Held of the nioliii.'i' .Vssoeialioii, that
Ijiidy held it.s last nieetin-;; with the Uaptist ohni'eli
at Delavan, June 24, 1S|."). luiswell Clieeney
pi-eaehed the introduetoi-y seiraon. Lewis Kay-
inond was the moderator, and Henry To]ipinii; the
clerk.

Tlius it appears tliat in eij^ht yeai's after the or-
ganization of the lii.st Uaptist ehureh in the Teri'i-
tory there were thirty-six einii-ehes umani/.ed, with
a nieniljership of ni'arly 2(ll»l>, and thirty pa.stors.
, Kai III /•Jdiiriiiiuual' Movcmciila. — The first meeting
for educational purposes in the .State was held at
IJeluit, Nov. o and IJ, 1851. llf this meeting Na-
thaniel Orosljy, of Janesville, was idiairman, and ■).
AV. Kibh, of Cieneva, was clerk. Among those pres-
ent were Ichabod (!lark, of llockford, 111. ; Charles
Hill Hoc, I'.I)., then just arrived from Kngland,
ami aftm-wards the wididy-known pastor of the
First Baptist elnireh of Uidvidere, 111.; Janu;s
Seholield, the father of (Jen. Seholield, of the U. S.
army, and Dr. James V. Seholield, of St. Louis,
who was then pastin' of the Baptist chnreh in Free-
liort, III.; Lcwi.s Uaynnjnd, A. J. tliislyn, I'rof.
S. S. \Vbitmaii, and James l)(!laney. J'rofs. Stoni!
and U raves, of Kalauia/.oo Literary and Thcolog-
ieal Institute, Mich., were ])re.M'nt, and proposed to
these brethren in Wisconsin and Northern Illinois
co-operation with the brethren in .Michigan in the
educational work of the State, by smiding students
to their school at J'Cidamazoo, and furnishing their
tpnita of means for its sup|n)rt. The plan of co-
operation, after long and nmture consideration, was
not agreed to. The institution at Kalauuizoo was,
however, commended to the churches of the State
and to young men seeking theological instruction.

'file following resolutions were adopted :

I. That this Convention proceed to form an edu-
cation Sijciety, which shall cnibraco the Baptists of
the Northwest, and secure, as far as practicable,
the co-opi'ration of brethren in Northern Illinois,
Wisconsin, iowa, and Minnesota.

II. 'I'liat a committee be appointed to lix upon
the location for a literary aial theological institu-
tion ; that that committee be authorized to receive
piropositiiins from such phici's as may desire the
insiitnlion, and from a survey of the comparative
advantages decide, reporting their decision to a
future meeting of the Fducation Society, which
shall eoniirm or annul it.

Articles of constitution were ailopted, and olli-

cers and a board of directors elected. Flislia
'fucker, D.I)., was electeil president, and Rev. Jirali
l>. Cole, D.D., ecu'respunding sinu'et^iry. Among
the names of members of the board the following
appeared: Itev. Ij. W. Lawrence, Ui:v. 0. .). Dear-
born, George Haskell, D.D., and Kev. II. G. Weston,
then pastor of the First iiaptist church in I'eoria,

111.

The board nt once issueil nn address to the
churches of the Northwest. In giving Iheir rea-
sons for the establishment of a theological semi-
nary in the Northwest, they named auiong others

(1) the great and rajiid growth of the Northwest,

(2) the hundreds of ehnrehes destilnte oj' pastors,

(3) the retention, in the I'last, of the best AVestern
men echn-ited in Faslcrn colleges and seminaries,
(f) the importance of having the pastors of West-
I'rn cbureln\s educated in \Vestern institutions, (5)
and the rellex inllnenee npiui the (dinrehes them-
selves. It is believed that this was the first Kduca-
tioinil flonvention of any considc rable inipnrtance
held in the Northwest. 'I'he design was to eslab-
lisli a theological school, centrally located, for the
States of Illinois, ^^'isconsin, and Iowa. It origi-
nated with Wisconsin Baptists, and Beloit was e.x-
)i(.'Cted to be the site of the institution ; and, although
these hopes were not fully realized, the movement
inaugurated at this Convention had an important
bearing in educating public sentiment and prepar-
ing the way lor the' estal.ilishinent of the theologi-
cal seminary at Chicago lifteen years later.

Slatistics. — 'I'here are in the Stale 1 1 F/Uglish-
speaking Associiitions, containing 16.5 churches,
with a total membership of 10,2()i). Of this num-
ber, LSUt) ari! non-resident members. 'I'here are in
the State 24 foreign-speaking ehnrehes, with a
liienibership of 12l)l), and adding the membership
ol' unassociated churches, the grand total of Bap-
tists in Wisconsin is 12,UIHI. liut Ul of the lf>5
churches have pastors, and of these 91 some have
the pastor but a |iart of the time. Many of the
churches are small and the membership much scat-
tered. In 1S75, according to the State census, the
|io|]nlation of the State was l,2;.^iC),(l(lO, giving 2.'i
inhabitants to the; square mile. This population is
very uneipnilly distributed ov(,'r I he 54,t)ll() si|uare
miles of territory. 'I'he two northern Associations
— the (Ji'utral and the .^t. Croix — extend over more
than half the area, and yet contain less than one-
seventh of the population of the State, they having
less than 0 inhabitants to the sipnire mile, while
the rest of the Stale h.as an averiig(! of 44 to the
sipniri! mile, — the d'l.sost popnhilion being in the
Lake Shore Associai ion, which has So inhabilants
to the square mile. 'I'lieso two Associations — -the
(.'(■ntral and the St. Croix — contain respectively
14,()tJi» and lfi,l)l)(l square miles, wdiihi ihe Wal-
worth .\ssociation contains only 7<)l) square miles.

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wiscoysiN

1266

WISCONSIN'

In population tlie Lake .Slioi-e A^ssociation, with
3.'!0,tKH) iiilialjitants, is tlie lai'iicst, ami ^\'al\V()l■tll,
with 32,000, Ihu smallest. 'I'lic tulal iiiniil)ri- of
niiMiihoi's uf our associated churehes is a little less
than one per cent, ol' the population, there lieinf:
one Baptist to 108 inhahitants. 'i'he smallest pro-
portion of Baptists is in the Dane As.'iooiation (one
to 2;")0 persons), ami the largest jirofiortiun is in
"the Walworth Association (one to 2(1), and in the
Janesville Association (one to 4.'i persons). Next
to the Dane the Ijake .Shore Association lias the
smallest |)roportioM of Baptists (one to IGO per-
sons). In the city of Jlilwaukee the Baptists are
very few, heini; in proportion of one Baptist to 190
of population, hut the fourteen other cities having
a jiopulation of over 50(10 each will average one
Baptist to ()4 inhabitants, showing that Ave are
stronger in (jrojiortion in the cities than in tin'
country. The churches average li3 members. But
one church in the State reports a membership of
over 400, — that of Delavan, — and but two churches
re|inrt a membership of 3(XI and less than 4()(_). The
churches of JanesvilK^ and Kacine, and tlic great
majority of the Kij churches, have less than IO(_l
menibirs.

iSuuilui/schools. — Thei-e are in the State 149
Sunlay-sehools, with 1505 officers and teachers,
and 10,540 scholars, and an average attendance last
year of S24(j. Thirty-two churches are without
Sunday-schools. There arc 22 mission Sunday-
schools.

Mission Circles. — There are CI foreign mission
circles and 18 mission bands in the State. 'J'bese
circles raised last year $1500. Of our l(i5 churches,
104 have no circles. The number of home mission
circles cannot be ascertained, as the work of organ-
izing them has but just commenced in the State.

Ministers and Pastors. — There are in the State
197 ordained ministers. Of these, 97 are jjastors.
One hundred of our ordained ministers are without
(iclds of labor, although 68 of our churehes are
without ]iastors, and scores of cities, towns, and
villages in the State are without Ba[>tist churches.

Church Fniperti/.^Tlie value of the church prop-
erty is in the aggregate about §5()(.),()00. On this
property there is an indebtedness of 1:530,000. The
largest and finest Baptist meeting-house in the
State is that of the chiircli in Jain.'sville, erected in
1868, at a CO.st of S45,()00. The First church in
Milwaukee, First in (Jslikosh, Kacine, La Orosse,
and Beloit have good houses of worshij). The
church at Delavan is engaged in building a fine
hiuise.

Clinrch Kxpcnses and lirneroJencc. — The churches
of the Statu raised last year for local church ex-
penses .'Jl 16,727.34, and IVu' (Ihrisrian beiicvohuice
$12,378.67, a granil total of $129, 106.01 , an average
lor each resident member of 5*11.73 lor local ehurcli

expenses and?1.90 for Christian benevolence, a
total average of Sj'13.C3 per member.

Comparisons. — llow Baptists stand in pri>portion
to the' population in other Statcis may be asc(;r-
tained by a glance at the following table, which
was prepared by Maj. II. M. Ifobert, of the (J. S.
army, and published in the minutes of the Wiscon-
sin State Convention for bS77-7"i, and 1 am in-
debted to his kindness for its use here:

Population.
1877.

Iliiptivts.
1877.

Pi.puliition to
1 DupUst.

1.270,1100
?.(!,( lUO.O' Hi
lli.TllO.MIH)
'1U,700,01I0

12,600

000.11(10
1,4II0,IH)0
2,000,000

101

00
12

Nl.lllUMM Sl^llio

Foreign Population. — The proportion of foreign-
ers to Americans is greater in AV^isconsin than any
other State. The proportion of foreigners in the
Northern States and in the Soutlieru is very dis-
liroportionate, it being nearly five times as great
in the Northern States as in the Southern States.
Of the Northern States, the greatest proportion of
fureigners is in AVisconsin, where it is sixty-four
per cent., or two-thirds of the entire population.
The following table will give a clear view of the
proportion of foreigners to the English-speaking
population. For a population of 1,236,000 we
should have the following figures:

Anifiicuns 44a,00i>

-^'-^--^ iiJ:;^';^:;:i::t::iii;::Z} ^-.'«

fieniiiins SSO.nOO I ltol(;i mi» lO.OIKI

Niiiweniiins S7,00ii Aiiiitriims 10,000

Iluliiiiii^uis 21,0011 I Sv

llclliinili IB 1.1,11111

Swiss l:i,i'00

Dunes 11,000

Mil'

li.OOO

FiiMcli O.OOO

All ether foreigneia ll,00l>

AVisconsin has three and one-(:|uarter times as
many foreigners, or five times tis many foreign-
speaking foreigners, as the average throughout the
Northern States. Oniitting the Border States of '
Miiryland and Missouri, Wisconsin has forty times
as many fureigners to one thousand Americans as
the Southern States. If AVisconsin were to lose
550,000 of her foreign population, she would then
have just her share of foreigners compared with the
other Northern States.

These facts must be known in order to understand
AVisconsin as a mission field. Thi.'se huiulreds of
thoustinds of foreigners are here without evangel-
ical religion, and even without evangelical belief.
I'^very form of nnlirlief is industriously at work (o
mould and contrrd these rising communities.
Uomanisiii, infidelity, ;iiid a subtle liberalism are
uniting their huces in itlmost superhuman efiort
to shape the foundation of things. There is no
more important mission licdd on (he American con-
tinent than AVisconsin, and, unless (Jhrisfiaiis in
the ohler States bestir themselves, these growing
centres uf population and till sorts of ])ower will

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'.\'\'V.^l\ii'\"l

WITT

1267

WITT

crj-shillizo into sti-ongliolils of Satan. Tlii-se facts,
too, will ex|ilaiM tlio foolile comlitioii iiiiJ slow
growth of our cliiirclics during tlu^ last lifteen
j'farH. 'I'licv arc ]ilanted rii^lit in tlic ci'ntro.s of
tliis infiilclity, ami siirroiindcd Ijy an aliiiont ini-
|iroLnial)lc (i|i|iosili()n.

Witt, Daniel, D.D., was lioni in. Bedford Co.,
Vil., Nov. 8, ISUl. Ills jiarcnts wore liotli c.\cni-
plary Christians. His health was qnito frail all
through life, and very few of his friends supposed
that he could live any great length of tinu;. His
(|uiekening into a new life l)ci;an in August,
1S2I, during what was at that time called a " Sec-
tion meeting." held at Hatcher's niectingdiouse.
Here began that attachment between liiniself and
the Kcv. Dr. Jeter which continued unbroken
until Mr. Witt's death. For many weeks he con-
tinued in deep anguish of spirit ; hut on the '21st
of Octolier, kS21, he was enabled to rejoice in a
good hope, through .grace ; and in Deeenilicr of
the same year he was baptized. He immediately
began to take part in the noighboviiood prayer-
meetings and in pulilicly addressing the impeni-
tent. His first sermon was preached on Feb. 11,
1822, and he was licensed A|n-il 1.5 of the saun;
ycai'. He soon traveled through the counties of
Henry, Patrick, Pittsylvania, and Campbell, preach-
ing continually the gospel, and with marked suc-
cess. In the winter of 1822-23 he visited Rich-
mond, and preached to the congregations there
with great acceptance; soon after lie made an-
other visit, and formed the acquaintance of some of
the most )irominent ministers of Lower Virginia,
among them Kice, Semple, Broaddus, IJaptist, and
Kerr. On the formation of the (ieneral Associa-
tion in 1823, Dr. Witt and his friend Dr. deter
were appointed its lirst missionaries, and the field
assigned them embraced the counties of Henry,
Patrick, Montgomery, Grayson, Giles, Wythe,
Monroe, Greenbrier, Pocahontas, Alleghany, Bath,
Uockbridgo, and Botetourt, throughout the whole
extent of which there were but a few feeble Bap-
tist churches, while at the same time there was
great spiritual darkness, and ii bitterly-developing
anti-missionary spirit. They |)reached everywhere
and continually, and were the instruments of doing
much good. This being ratlu'r an exploring trip
than a permanent missionary engagement, they
passed into and through the southeastern portiiuis
of the Stale, and thence to King and tiueen, where
they were to nmke their re[iort to the board of the
General Association at its session in the fall. Mr.
Witt remained with Dr. Semple for a few months
after the meeting of the board, making some prep-
arati(ui with him for wider usefulness in his work.
Still acting as missionary, he passed to Williams-
burg, which he made his hoadi|Uartcrs, and preached
with great success both tlnu'c and in the adjoiniMg

counties. After the winter of 1823-24 bo retnrni;J
to his home in Bedfoiil, and, still uinler the direc-
tion of the board, continued his labors in the Valley
of Virginia.

Near the chjse of the year 1824 he renujved to
Charlotte, to assist the l\ev. A. W. Clopton in his
interesting tield of labor there. The relation thus |

liirmed was of great benefit to Mr, Witt, as be en- .

joyed the instructions of one who had received a |

collegiate education, and who owned a larger i

library, |ierha|i3, than any other Baptist minister
in the Slate, and who at the same time was "a
diligent student, a simnd ju'eacher, an indefatigable
laliorer, and one of the most devotedly pious luen."
His preaching here was very attractive, drawing
large congregations, and, so far as can be learned,
sifccessful. Here also, in 1825, he had a severe
attack of sickness, which brought him almost to
the iirave. After leaving (Jbarlotfe he went to
Prince Edward County, and having organized the
Sharon church at Sandy River, he became its
yiastor, and continued in that relation, highly
honored and loved, for forty-live years, until Ids
death. During this long jjeriod his church was
blessed with freiiucnt revivals ; large numbers were
added, nut only to his own church, but also to
others, and it is said that there w('re very few per-
sons in the church at any particular time that were
not converted. Dr. Witt, while pastor of the
Slmron church, was also occasionally pastor of other
churches, such as Jamestown, in Cumberland ;
Uniiin, in Prince Edward ; and Leljanon, in Notto-
way. It is thought that he baptized during his
long career as a minister at least 2501) persons. In
all related duties outside the pulpit Dr. Witt was
|iunctual and etticient. In Associational lueetings
he was genial in manner, dignified in bearing,
weighty in counsid, and ready to perform any ser-
vice assigned liim. Sickness and death, at dif-
ferent times, in ihe household which be so much
loved saddened the latter tiays of this good man's
life, though no more submissive spirit ever mani-
fested itself in like circumstances than that which
characterized the subject of this sketch, lie died
Nov. 15, 1871, in his seventy-first year, full of
honors, and greatly beloved by all who knew him.

As a man, liis most intimate frienil has said that
he, "of all the active uieii whom he had known,
was the most faultiest." He was marked for his
genuine humility. He was very disinterested.
Ilis piety was beautiful and attractive. As a
|)reaclier, he could have no higher encomium than
this, " His sermons were full of Christ. He
preached him first, him last, him all the time.
With Witt the theme never grew old, never lost
its interest or its power, and was never exhausted.
To the last day (jf his life he could find something
new to [u-each about Christ."

'VHW

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WITT

1268

WOMACK

Witt, Jesse, was liorn in Vii'siiiiia. After liis
convorsiuii lu; prciiclied witli marked auocess in
cliui'clics ill tlic roj^ioii bctweuii Petersburg and
Lyiudiburg ; rctiiiuved to Texas aliout 1851 ; la-
bored in Eastern 't'uxas with yreat ability' and sig-
nal suecess. ' In natural fbrec lie was in no respect
inferior to bis )a'Otli(M', I>aniel AVitt, tliJJ early eom-
lianiiin and lifii-loii;:; friend of Jeremiah H. Jeter.
lie rarely I'ailed to produee a profound impression
by bis perspienoiis, earnest, and fervent jireaehing.
He died when about fifty years of age, a short time
before tin; eivil war.

Wolfe, Hon. C. S., was bum at Lewisburg, I'a.,
A|)ril f), \>^4'>. He graduated at tins university at
Jjewisburg in ISCiii, and in Harvard Law-Seliool in
July, JS()S. Jl,! was adiiiitteil to Union Cmiiity
bar at tiie Seplember term of l.SCiS. He was a
meiiilier of the l,ewisburg sebiiol board from bSTI
to \iiT6. He has be(\n a member of tlu! I'ennsyl-
vania house of representatives sinee 187i).

i\Ir. Wolfe is (im^ of the most lalente'd young men
in the Stat(!. He is a power in the Legislature.
His integrity, his indignation against corruption,
his fearless courage, his ready use of weighty ar-
guments, have given him a remarkable prominence
in a liody where there are many men of ability and
of mature years. 1 lis eonstitiKUils admire him, and
the enemies of corruption in State alfairs applaud
him. 'I'lie people ul his State regard him as one
whose name and iiilluenee will not lie long confined
to I'ennsylvania.

Mr. Widfe is an honored ]nember of the Ba]itist
church of Lewisburg, ami since 187'' a meiiiljiu' of
tlii> board oi' trustees of the university at that
Jilaee.

Wolverton, Rev. John, was born about ITTo,
of New Jersey pareutag^^ Hut little is known of
his earlier life. We find him as a licentiate in
the Sliam<d<in IJaptist ehui-eh, I'a., in 1S(I7 ; he was
ordained in IMl. lie died .May 2(1, 1S22. lie
served the church wiib iiiueli acceptance and use-
fulness liir fifteen years.

Womack, B. R., D.D., was born Dee. 23, 1840.
His parenis were Aljiier (j. AV'omack and Isaliella
IJIackhurn Patlon. His birthplace' was near Belle-
fonte, Jackson Co., Ala. In early life ho was a great
reader nf all sorts cpf books, and especially of the
New Testament. The Saviour lijiind him and re-
vealed his love in his heart, altiu- which he was
baptized, in 1805, at Kyle's Spring, Jackson Co.,
Ala., where service was sustained by an " arm" of
FiiiMidship Baptist eliiireh. Suoi\ after he began to
jiray and sjieak in piildie, when a re'vival descended
fiiiiii llie tbioiie uf ihe heavenly grace and scores
of his irreligious friends were converted to (lod,
iind a church was organi/.ed at Kyle's Sjirings,
which he named liethel.

Hetormined to secure an education, of wdiich he

had a very exalted opinion, and to the acquisition
of wdiieh he was greatly encouraged by the words
ill AVelister's old spelling-book, " Assiduous study
will aerouiplish anything within human power,'-

li. n. WOMACK, n.ii.

he entered Union University, Mnrfreosborough,
Tenn., in 1868, where he remained four years, de-
livering the valedictory in 1872. lie declined a
professorship in Latin which was oll'ered to him.
lie entered the S(,utlierii Baptist Theological Semi-
nary the same year, and remained in it three ses-
sions, and graduated in all the schools except one.
He then entered the theological seminary at Clii-
ea'j;o, and graduated as a post-graduate in 1^75-7(1,
giving bis wdioli! time to ecclesiastical history and
philosophy. This last period of study he regiU'ded
as the most jirolitable of his life.

He accepted the jiastorate of tin! Broad Street
church of Augusta, Oa., where he labored eighteen
months. In Hctolier, 1877, be took eliarg(; of the
First Baptist eburch of iMemphis, Teuu., but,
through failing health, resigned in liecembe'r, 1879,
ami became editor of the JhtjilisI llcjiertur, of Nash-
ville, Tenn., in connection with the Itev. J. 15.
(Ilieves, The paper at the time was in a very low
condition, but it speedily ree<dv(«l new life, and
became a ]iower in Tennessee.

Jlr. Womack early in this year yielded to the
urgent re(.(uest of the Baptists of Arkansas to take
■charge of the Arkmisus /•A'aii(/c/, with Kev. J. B.
Sc!arcy as associate editor, in Southeastern .Vrkansas.
The paper is succeeding admirably, lie has recently
received the degree of lloctor of Divinity.

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I -.ih

WOMAN'S

12G9

WOMAN'S

Dr. ^V"ullla(.'k is endowed with a fine intellect,
superioi' attiiiniiients, greiit liiety, and enduring
persGverunoe. 11' his life is spared he will perl'orni
cQ'ective sci'vice I'm- the Saviour and for the 15a[itist
denomination which he institnted, and of whicli
he is the head.

Woman's Baptist (Foreign) Missionary So-
ciety.— I'he foi'iaatiiai of woMien into .separate nr-
gani/.atioiis fur the pro[iiotion of the eause of for-
eii;n missions is a thin;^ of comparatively recent
date. The leading; evangelical denominations in
this country have such women's societies in con-
nection with tli(!ir general missionary societii's.
AFany earnest workers annjng the women of the
Baptist churches I'elt, as far hack as l.S()',l and 1S71),
that the time had conn; for them to organi/.e siudi
societies. In January, 1.S71, there came from Jlrs.
(Jarpcnter, id' the ISasseiu .Mission, a must touc-hinu;
appeal for the formation of women's societies, which
should he iiu.xiliarjr to the Missionary Union. 'I'he
first movement towards an an.swer to this appeal
was made in Newton Centre Ijy the meeting to-
gether of eleven ladii's, nienihei's of tlie ehureh in
that place, on the 2Htli of Feln'uary, 1871 , to consult
together ahont wliat could Ije done more effectually
to reach heathen wonu.'u througli schools and Chris-
tian training. At the meeting a hegiiining was
made hy choosing oiliccrs, drafting a constitution,
and pre[jaring a circular to he presented to the
cliurches, to interest the female nnjmhers in the
work of missions. A nu^eting of ahont '200 ladies
was held at the Clarendon Street church, lioston,
on the .">d of April, lbl71, and the Woman's JJaptist
Missionary Society was fiu-mally organized, the
purjiose hoing distinctly avowed that it was to he
iiu.xiliary to the Union. The compensation of the
female missioiuiries appointed hy the society and
the distrihution of fumls raised are left with the
parent sueiety. 'I'he amount raiscil during the first
seven years ol' the exislenec of the society has been
$ 1 93,448. 'JL'. 'I'he field of the home operations of
the society is the New Kngland ami .Middle States
and tlie jlistrict of (Jolumhia. The following mis-
sionaries hav(! Ikh.'u appoint'd by the Union at the
suggestion of the society, and their support has
conie from its treasury : Miss Kate V. J''vans, Sliss
Ciirnelia II. Kand. The four following were al-
ready on the foreign lield : Misses llaswell, (jlag<',
\Vatsi.in, and .Vdams. Tliese ladies were the ob-
jects of the society's special care the first year of
its existence. Miss Sarah B. Barrows was sent out
the second year, iind the support of .Mrs. M. 0.
Idniglass was iissumed by the soi:i('ty. 'J' wo ladies
were sent out the third year, — .Miss Ijawrenee and
i\Irs. J. .1. Longley. Misses IManning, Walling, and
Stetson received appointments in the fourlh year,
and Miss Chace, .Mrs. Estabrooks, Miss Sands, and
Miss Kidder in the fifth yeai'. 'i'wo ajipointments

were made the si.xth year, — Miss Sheldon and Miss
Payne; and .Misses Bromley, iMcAllister, Bathhun,
and Day the last year. Some other fenuile mis-
sioiuiries in the foreign ticdd have also received aid
from this society. J luring the last year Misses
liatson and Hussell were sent out. It has been
felt that it is the special work of the society to kudc
after the I'ducation of females. It laljors in entire
harmony with the .Missionary Union, anil is its
UHist valuable and reliable helper. The society
was incorporated by the l>egislature of Massachu-
setts in October, 1874. Its )ir(;sent ollicers iire Mrs.
(iardner Culby, I'resident; Mrs. J. N. INIurdoch,
Vice-l'resident ; Miss S. 0. Durfeo, C!lerk ; Mrs.
Alvah llovey, (Jin'respoiiding Secretary ; Miss Mary
K. Clarke, Treasurer and Assistant Correspomling
Secretary. The receipts for 1880 were ;?4f), 178.32.
Woman's Baptist Missionary Society of the

West. — T'lu: idea of a Baptist wimuin's organiza-
tion, to co-operate with the Missioimry Union in
carrying the gospel, especially to heathen women,
seems to have lirst been discussed in the West, at
a farewell service held in Ciiicago in August, 187U,
on the occasion of the departure of one of the mis-
sionaries of the Union to the field of his labor in
Assam. The idea ripened into the formation of
"The Wonnin's Baptist MissioTiary Society of the
West" on the 9th of May, 1871, with Mrs. Robert
Harris as President; Mrs. C. N. llolden, Vice-
President ; Mrs. C. V. T(dman, Corresponding
Secretary; Mrs. A. M. BaC(jn, Uecoi'ding Secre-
tary; Mrs. .S. M. Usg(Mid, Treasurer; and an ex-
ecutive board (.)!' ladies chosen from different
churches. The two societies, the one in the East
and the other in the West, were formed within a
few weeks of each other. They both announced
the same (dfiect to be accomplished, ami both are
auxiliary to the Missionary Union, making the
eastern l)ouiidary id' the Ohio the dividing line be-
tween the two. The first lady who volunteered to
go out under the auspices of the new society was
Miss A. L. Stevens, of WisiHJUsin, wlio sailed for
Burmah in Novembei-, 1871, and in a few weeks
she was followed by i\Iiss U. Peabody, of Virdcn,
111. The fli'st year's report showed that the treas-
urer had received $4244.09; that 131 auxiliary
societies had be(!n formed, and 30 life-members
been made. 'I'he second year the iru;ome had in-
creased to $0390.88. There were 247 auxiliary
societies, 81 life-members, 0 missionaries, and 4
Bible women. The work of the AV^estern A\'oman's
Missionary .Society has been from the beginning
fruitful in the best results. Auxiliary societies
have been formed all ovii- the Wiwt. The inciune
h.r last year (bSMI) was .Sl'.»,3s6.1 I.

Women's Baptist Home Mission Society was
organized at Chicago, Feb. 1, 1S77, its objv'ct being
tlic promotion of Christian evangelism in the

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J 'jlit I 11*11 llMlii

WOOD

1270

WOOD

homos of the (Vecd people, tlio Indians, and tlie
foreiii;n population. Its principal ollicers at the
first organization were: President, Mrs. J. N.
Oi-ouse, CliicaL;o; Viuo-1're.sidents, Mrs. K. Baeon,
Springlield, 111., Mrs. 0. J5. Ulaukall, Cljieago ;
Recording- Secretary, IMiss Lizzie Goodman, Chi-
cago; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. ^C. Swift,
Chicago; 'I'l-rasiircr, -Miss Olivia liryaiit, (Jhicago ;
Editor, Mrs. -1. A. Smith. The liehls at jiresent
occupii-d by thi' society are New Orleans, La.,
Newherji, N. C, ileaufort, S. C, Cohimliia, S. C,
Uiehmond, Va., Raleigh, N. C, Live Oak, Fla.,
Selma, Ala., the Choctaw, Cliickasaw, and Semi-
nole nations in Indian Territory, with missions
among the Scandinavians in Illinois and Min-
nesota, 'i'he receipts in money during the llrst
year amounted to !?40S',(.!Sr) ; in goods, S2018.81.
During the year IS7'J-8ll the amounts were, re-
spectively, cash, IjOUNO.lO ; goods, 5^2001.81. The
present ollicers arc: President, -Mrs. Crouse, with
eighteen Vice-Presidents, in as many dilferent
States: Recording Secretary, Mrs. ^\'m, iMatliews,
Chicago; Corresponding Secretary, Mi-s. Swift;
Treasurer, Mrs. II. ]{. Donnelly. There is, hesides,
. an e.Keeutive board of eight ladies residing in
Chicago, Mrs. J. S. Diekerson being chairman.

Wood, Rev, Jesse M., was born in ICIbert Co.,
Oa., Oct. 14, 1815. His parents are of Knglish dc-.
scent, and came to Georgia from Virginia. They
removed to Monroe County in 18i').5, where Jesse
M. Wood received in early life the best educational
advantages the county 'alforded. He entered Mer-
cer University at Penticld, where he stood at the
head of his classes while in the institution. He
did not graduate on account of ill health. He re-
ceived, however, a eei'titicate of scholarship and
moral standing. The degree of A.M. was bestowed
on him by the trustees in the year 1842. After
leaving Penlield he began to teach at Knoxville, in
the academy at that place, liut at the end of two
and a half years was compelled to cease by failing

I. health.

In 183'.) be was hopefully converted, joined the
church at Forsyth, and was licensed to preach. In
1843 he was ordained at the same ]ilace, and in a

V short time was actively engaged in ministerial
labor, serving various churches in Miiiille and
Southwestern Georgia until 1849, when he took
up his residence at Cedar Town, Polk Co., and,
besides taking charge of the church there, opened
a high school for young ladies. This school was
very prosperous, and developed into the Woodland
Fennile College, and was placed first under the
care of the Coosa Association, which bought the
buildings from Mr. AVood, and then under the
care of the Cherokee liaptist Convention.

Under Mr. Wood's pastorate the Cedar Town
church was wondrously prosperous, four other

churches being formed from it, and yet it still
maintained a membiu'ship of several hundred.

Under such an accumulation of laliors it is not
wonderfu-1 that his health broke down completely,
and that he was forced to suspend all labor and
repair to the mountains of Virginia to recuperate
in 1850. He continued with the Cedar Town church
until I8(U). In the mean timi; be had aided in the
formation of the Cherokee Baptist (^onveiitiun, and
had assisted in establishing and buildini; up the
Cherokee Baptist College and the Jiaiiinr and Bap-
titit, of which, for several years, he was an editor.

The casualties of war lelt him with few or no re-
sources when peace was restored, and he was com-
pelled to rely for a su|i|)ort upon bis ministerial
labors. In 1870 he again enteral upon an editorial
life by taking an interest in the Baptist Jianiur,
publi-heil at Cumming, Ga.

Rev. desse M. Wood is a man of strong charac-
ter, with strong likes and dislikes. With great
natural courage, he possesses a large amount of
caution, which makes him reserved, ami ^ometimes
besitatinii'. He is a pious and faithful Christian ;
a nuin of strong ccmvictions on all religious ques-
tions, and bold in their avowal. As a preacher,
he is lotrical, eloquent, and elfective, sometimes
jiowerful. He has always been a strong advocate
of missions and cducaticui, and at heart is a i-egu-
lar missionary Bapti.-^t, in full aiconl with the pre-
vailing sentiments of the Georgia Baptists, but
with views of his own on some jioints of mere
management. His influence has Ijeen corisideiable
in the denomination, and he has sought to use it,
to the best of his judgment, lor the advancement
of Christ's cause.

Wood, Eev. Nathan, iiastor of the Baptist
church in Wvoceim, \Vis. A native cd' Rensselaer
Co., N. Y., wdiere he was born Aug. G, 1807 : jiassed
his early childhood on his father's farm, in Augusta,
Oneiila Co., N. Y. He was converted in 1831, and
baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist church
in Augusta by Rev. P. P. Brown. Soon after his
conversion be felt that God had e;illed him to
preach the gospel ; but he resisted his cnnvictions
for several years, intending to give himself to Ijus-
iness pursuits. In 1835 the question of his call to
the ministry being so plain that he could not evade
the duty without sinning against the clearest light,
he entered Madison University, and graduated in
1839. In September of the same year he entered
Hamilton Theological Seminary, and graduated in
1841. Before graduating froni the semiiniry he
received a call to the pastorate of the Baptist
church in Georgetown, .Madison Co., N. Y., which
he accepted, and was ordained by this (diuich .Sept.
'2, 1841. Here he renmined five yeais. In |84()
he received and accepted a call to the Baptist church
in Versailles, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. In 1847 he

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WOOD

1271

WOODHl'RN

came to Wyoceiiii, Wis., iuiJ preaclicJ tliu first ser-
iiiuii over ilolivLTCil in tin; luwii. In Sc'iduniln'i-,
1S48, liu roroivL'il luul accu|)te(l a call to tliu jjastiii'-
atu uf tlic; IJaptist cliurcli in b'ui-uslvillL', N. Y., and
cuiitinni.'il in this relation (ivc yuars. In the an-
tuMin of 1853 lie ri;turnc'd to Wyoouna, ^\'is., and
took cliui-j^u oC tliu Baptist clmi-ch wliieh had bet-n
rui-nmd in his aihsonce. Having received a call
IVoni tlie chiii-ch in Haraboo, AVis., he removed to
ihtit Mold in 1S.')7, returning to Wyoceiui, three
years al'lerwards to resume his pastorate with that
church, which continnes to this day.

iMr. Wood's ministry has been attended with
powerful revivals of religion. During liis pastor-
ate ut' three years at 15araboo he added over lOU to
the cliureh by baptism. Similar results, in a
greater or less degree, have attended all his settle-
ments. His aid to pastors in seasons of special
religious interest has been invabnible and widely
sought, llis sun. Prof. N. E. Wood, is the able
principal of W'ayland Academy.

Wood, Nathaniel Milton, D.D., was born in
Camden, We., May 24, 1822. lie prepttred for
college in his native town ; entered Watcrville Cid-
lege in 1840, and graduated in 1844. ili^spenta
year as tutor in the family of tion. lirowning, of
(jolumbuH, Mi.ss. He became a student in the
'Western Theological Institute, where ho had as
teachers llev. Drs. Fattison and I'l. G. Uobinndn.
He was ordained as |ia.-.tar of the Baptist church
in iSliowhegau, Jle., and remained there until Jan.
1, 1852, when he removed to \Vaterville, where he
labored for eight years as pastor of the First Bap-
tist cliuich. I'or the next si.\ years he was pastor
at Lewiston, and then, for nearly two years, he was
at Thomaston. From Maine he removed, in May,
18(18, to Up|jer Alton, ill., where he was pastor of
the church until March, 1872, at which time he was
elected Professor of Systematic Theology in Shurt-
leQ' College. He had, for two years, given instruc-
tion iji this department. At length liis health
failed lain. He resigned his position, returned
East, lived for a time in Sonlli Boston, pleaching
as opportunity presenlod, but growing weaker all
the tinn:, until he was forced to lay aside all minis-
terial work. He went back to his early home,
where he was conliiicd but a lew weeks, and died
Aug. 2, 18Tb.

Dr. AVood was successful as u minister of the
gospel. " He was a strong, clear, and logical
thinker and writer, and as a preacher was earnest,
pungent, ami convincing. Few hearers, intellectu-
ally well endowed or trained, failed to appreciate
him as a sermonizer of great power." His own
college conferred on him the degree of Doctor of
Divinity in 18(i7. He was a member of the board
of trustees of Colby University from 18t')2 to 186'J,
and of Sliurtlefl' College from 1808 to 1874.

Wood, Prof. N. E., M.A., the principal of
Wayhind Academy, was born in Forestville, N. Y.
His I'atiicr is Kcv. Nathan Wood, pastor of the
Baptitst church in Wyocena, AVis., one of the early
]jioneer 15aptist ministers (jf the State. AVhen
four years of age, his father renujved from the
.State of New Y'ork to Wyoceiui, AVis., where he
passed his boyhood. At an early period in life
he obtained a hope in Christ and united with
the ISaptist church of which his father was pastor.
He coiii|deted his preparatory course of stud}' at
AVayland Academy. He entered the University
of Chicago in 18G8, and graduated with honor in
the class of 1872. lie ]iursued his theological
studies at the Baptist Union 'J'hcological Seminary
of Chicago, completing the full course, and gradu-
ating in 1875. Ho was ordained to the work of
the ministry in September of the same year.
Having oflers to settle in well-established and
IHHjminent churches, Mr. AVood declined them,
and began his ministry with a small Bapitist mis-
sion in Chicago which had Ijeen un<ler the fostering
care of the Second Baptist church. Out of this
mission he organized the (Jentcnnial Baptist church.
During iiis pastorate of two years he received 211(1
persons into meinbershi)) in the church, and the
Sunday-school grew t(j 400. He secured the erec-
ticni of a house of worship for the church at a cost
of .$13,000. On the foundation he thus laid in
self denial and prayer has grown one of the most
prosperous churches in Chicago. In 1877, .Air.
Wood resigned his highly-successful jnistorate in
Chicago to accept the |josiiion of principal (d' AVay-
land Academy, which had been temiercd him liy
the board of trustees, and which he now holds.
Mr. AVood li;id long cherished the desire to teach,
lielieving that, next to the work of the ministry.
Christian education was of the highest iiiijiortance.
June 27, 1873, JMr. AV'oo>l was married to iMiss Al-
ice Robinson ]5oise, daughter of Dr. J. 11. Boise,
the eminent Greek .scholar, now a |u-ofessor in the
Chicago Theological Seminary, a lady of the high-
est culture, and an accom|ilished teacher id' the
Greek and modern langiuiges. All her tastes and
acquirements led her to the class-room and the
profession of teaching. Doubtless his marriage
witli iAIiss Boise, combined with his own admiralde
ciualilications for the work, led Mr. AVood to devote
himself to the work of higher Chrisriau education.
Prof Wood, while engaged in teaching, has not
abandoned the ministry. He preaches frequently,
with constantly-growing (lower. He is among the
ablest preachers in the State, and as an educator
has taken a high position. The institution over
which he presides is pre-eminently Christian in
its character, and the education imparted is most
thorough.

Woodburn, B. F,, D.D., was born March 23,

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WOOD BURN

1272

WOODLAND

1832, in Crescent tovvnsliip, Alleghany Co., Pa.
His i5i-and|Kii-ents oniigi'ated IVoiii the north uf
Ii-elaiid, and his lather settled fifteen miles below
Pittsburgh aliunt the time of Gen. Anthony Wayne's

B. I'. WlllinilUlIX, D.D.

expedition. A Ijlock-liouse on the opposite banlc
was tiien ocen|iied by sixteen men to guard the
settlers from Indian ineursioiis. The son having
reeeived an English edneation, became in early life
eaptain of various steamers plying on the Uhio,
Mississippi, Arkansas, and Ciimberhind Rivers.
From his earliest reeolleetions he hail occasional
serious thoughts. Tht^se became more constant in
the year 1857, and eventually brought liim to a
saving knowledge of Christ. On Jan. 11), 18o8, he
united with the I'rcsljy terian Chureh, under the
shaduw of whicli he had grown up, and which was
the honie of his kindred. After a mental slrngglc he
determined to prep;ire lor the ministry', and entered
Jetl'erson College in the Freshman year. Ann'jng
fifty graduates he was awarded the first honor, and
delivered the valedictory. Soon after uniting with
the Presbyterian (.'hurch.he had his infant daughter
baptized; but while in college, when, according to
the rules of the church, duty re(|uired the presen-
tation of his sec(jnd cliilil for baptism, his mind
became exercised on this point, and after reading,
rollecting, ami praying, he was surprised to find
that (he Word of Cud shed no light on the velatiun
of bapti/.ed infants to the church, llis child was
not baptized. I!y degrees the truth of our prini;iph-s
became (dear tii his mind, and two years befon; his
graduation he was in heart a liaptist; but there

being no Baptist church in Canonsburg he did not
unite with the 15a|itists until he was bapti/.ed by
Itev. A. K.Ucll, li.l)., .May II, 18G2, having then
removed to Alleghany City.

.M'ter this important event he entei-ed the West-
ern Theological Seminary in Alleghany, receiving
nothing but kiiulness from the I'resbyterian pro-
fessors, notwitlistanding his known change of views.
In 180;') he graduated, and in .September was or-,
dained pastor of the Mount Pleasant Baptist chur(di.
In this relation he eontinue<l four years, and then
accepted the call of the Sandusky Street IJaptist
church, Alleghany City, nnide vacant by the r<'sig-
nation of IJr. Boll. This relation still continues,
to the edification and comfiu'tof ihe church and to
its giMieral prosperity, l.ewisburg at its commence-
ment in 1881 conferred the degree of Doctur of
lii\inity on .Mr. Woodburn. Dr. 'W'cHidburn is
anu)ng the strong men uf the Baptists in Peiui-
sylvania.

Woodfin, A. B., D.D., now pastor of the First
church of Monlgomei'v, -Via., is one of the most
amiable and successful ISaptist ministers in the
South. Fie was born in Kiehnunid, Va., anil eilu-
cated at Kiidimoud (College. He .studied divinity
at the Southern Itaptist Theological Scuninary. In
October, 18G2, he was ordained to the ministry, and
took charge of Muddy ('reek church, Powhatan
Co., Va., one of the oldest and best country eh u relies
in the State. He resigni-d his ch:irge in 1804, and
Ijccame a chaplain in Cordon's Georgia Brigade.
On the return of peace ho settled in the valley of
Virginia as pastor of two churches, to both of
which large accessions were made during his min-
istry. In December, 18iiS, he took charge of the
St. Francis Street cliurch, .Mnbilc, where he labored
five and a half years, iluring wdiicli 22:") were added
to the church, and the house was eidarged and im-
proved at a cost of more than §30,000, by which it
was rendered one of the most c<imfortable and
beautiful church eililices in the South. Siibse-
cpicntly be was settled in Columbia, S. ('., where
his ministry was a great blessing. And in Mont-
giimery, .Via., his present pastorate, he is justly
esteemed as a man of line endowments and abilities.
He is a superior scholar, a diligent student, a good
pastor, one of the best of preachers, and a devoti;d
(.'hristian. His people love him.

Woodland Female College. — 'I'bis institution

was opened as a high school by Rev. J. M. ^Vood,
in 18.t1, at Cedar Town, Polk Co., Ga., under the
name of the " (Jedar Tuwn Female High School,"
and was chartered in IS,j:;, Rev. ■!. M. Wood being
the first president. The prupiuty was bought by
the (>'oosa Baptist Assoi-iatinn, and afterwards
placed under the aus|iiees of the ('hemkee Bap-
tist Conventinn. As professors iu the literary dc-
piirtmcnt it had J. I). Collins, Hr. W . B. ('rawlbrd,

V-

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WOODRUFF

1273

WOODS

and J. A. Arnold. Shortly before the war Kev.
J. M. Wood WHS sueceodiHl in the presidency by
Dr. Williiuii 15. Crawford, who resigned previous
to the war. The calamities of war extinguished
this institution, which for years was very success-
ful, and educated a large number of young ladies.
It maintained a reguhir corps of iustrnctors, and
was beautifully hicatcd.

Woodruff, Capt. A. B., was born in Spartan-
burg IHsti'ict, S. C, in 1825. He was baptized at
an early age, and has been clerk, treasurer, and
deacon of the only church of which he lias ever
been a member. He was chielly instrumental in
organizing the Spartanburg Associatiim three or
four years ago, and has been clerk ever since, as ho
long was of the old Tyger lliver. lie has served
two terms of two years each in the State Legislature,
lie is one of tiie most accurate of business men.
lie is a natural moehanio, and can make almost
anything in wood, iron, silver, (jr gold. He lias
been and is a great blessing to his section, being
one of the most liberal and progressive of citizens.
His hand, voice, pen, and purse are always ready
for the public service. As a speaker in political
or Sunday-school work, in the latter of which he
ever shows a special and practical interest, he is at
(ince graceful and forcible.

Woods, Rev. Abel, was bom in Princeton,
Mass., -Vug. 15, 17G5, of parents who were worthy
members of the Congregational church in that
place. He became a sLiljject of ciiuverling grace in
1783, and after prayerful deliberation concluded to
enter tlie <Jhristian ministry. His views having
changed on the mode and subjects of Christian
baptism, he was Ijaptized and admitted, into the
Baptist church in Leicester, Mass. He supplied
the jiulpits of churches in his immi'diate neighlnu'-
bood for a few years, and then was (U'dained pastor
of tlie ehurcli in .Shoreh.uu, \'t., which liad bei;n
formed Irom converts whoiii he led to the Saviour
in that place. The orditmtiou took place in Feb-
ruary, 17'J5.

For fifteen years .Mr. Woods remained pastor of
the church in Slnnehani, and had the satisfaction
of witnessing three revivals during this period, and
the church greatly strengtheneil under lii.s minis-
try. After a year's service for the Vermont i\Iis-
sionary Society, he acted as the pa.stor of several
chui'ches in Vei'iiioat, his term of service not being
very long with any one of them, but a special bless-
ing following his labors wherever he preached.
The home of his declining days was in Hamilton,
N. Y., where he died Aug. 11, 1S5(I. Mr. Woods
was the father of Kev. Dr. Alva ^Voods, of I'linl-
dence, and of the wife of Kev. Dr. K. L. I'aUison.
lie was also the brother of Kev. Dr. Leonard
Woods, of Andover.

Woods, Alva, D.D., was born at Shoreham,
81

Vt., Aug. 13, 171M, his father, Kev. Abel Woods,
being the.pastor of the liaptist church in that place.
Ho was fitted for college at the Phillips Academy
in Andover, and graduated at Harvard Collei;e in

AI.V.\ WOilDS, n.D.

1S17. He pursued his thecdogicid studies at the
seminary in Andover, where he graduated in 1821.
On leaving Andover he was chosen Professor of
Mathenmtics and ^^ltural I'hildsophy in Cidumbiiin
College, WashiugtiHi, 1 1. C., and held the ofliee three
years, one id' whirh \vas spent in J''.ur(jpc. In I.S24
he was elected Professor id' .Mathematics and Nat-
ural Philosophy in Brown University. He held this
chair until KS2.S, wlien he was elected piesidcnt of
Transylvania University, Lexington, Ivy., and re-
mained in ollicc until 1.S31, when lie removed to
Tuscaloosa to take the presidential chair of the
University of Alabama. He renmined in this po-
sition until 18.'!7. Since 183'j he has resided in
Providence, K. I. As a trnsti^e and Fellow ol
Urown University and of the Newton Theological
Institution, Dr. Woods has shown liis interest in
the cause of education, to which he has devoted so
many years of his life. Five scholarships in the
former and a lectureship on elocution in the latter
attest the sincerity of this interest. The lionoriiry
degree of Doctor of l>ivinitv was conferred upon
Dr. Woods by Brown University in 1828.

Woods, Rev. Byron R., was born in Jersey,
Licking Co., 0., April -1, IS5I ; graduated at Madi-
son University, N. Y., in 1873 ; gradnatinl at Hiimil-
ton Thcolonieal Seiriiiiaiy, N. Y., in IS75; ordained
and settled as pastor ol' First Baptist church in

Vt\iU •.'!,'

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..' •ini' 1 . \-.i) ,'•! • .ii'l I'l '•'. j..,j lu. uulii.it. iiim I .tuu'lf'.mi'i 3it

WOODS

1274

WOOD SMALL

New London, Conn., July 1, 1875; has two brotli-
ci's wlio iii'O also ministers ; lie is an able minister
of Cliiist.

Woods, Rev, E. A., A.M., wa.s l)orn in llonior,
Licking- Co., 0. In early lil'o he gave hi.s heart
and service to tiie Saviour, and entered at once
upon a course of stud}' preparatory to- the Chris-
tian ministry.

After suitable academic training he entered
Denison University in IN;")'.), and alter spending
two years there entered the Junior class in Madi-
son University, from which he graduated in 18(J3.

Eager for the work to which he had solemnly
consecrated liis life, and resolved to have the best
possible mental and spiritual outlit for it, he en-
tered at once upon a course of study in the Hamil-
ton Theological Institution, from which he gradu-
ated in IStlf).

lie was ordained the same year at Little Falls,
N. Y., but was soon alter called to Flemington,
N. J., where he had a prosperous pastorate of about
five years. In the mean time a beautiful house of
worship was built, and the church enlarged and
strengthened. In 1871 he was called to (he pastor-
ate of the First Baptist church, Saratoga Springs,
where lie lalxu'cd successfully for nearly five years.

In 1870 he received an urgent call to the Stew-
art Street church. Providence, R. I., where for
four years he took rank with the ablest preachers
of the city, and was very highly esteemed by a
large circle of literary and Christian i'riends. His
decision to leave Providence was received with
wide-spread regret, but the order of a Higher
Providence seemed imperative, and he must obey.
In 1880 he became pastor of the First church, Pat-
erson, N. J., where he now labors with large hopes
of future usefulness.

Mr. Woods is a thorough scholar and a sound
theologian. As a writer, he is luminous and vig-
orous ; as a preacher, eminently Biblical and evan-
gelical; as a ))astor, judicious and sympathetic;
as a friend, true-hearted and generous. He is
strongly attached to the doctrines and polity of his
own denomination, and labors earnestly to pro-
mote its interests, but ch(M-ishes the nmst kindly
and fraternal feelings towards the followers of
Christ of every nami:. .Mr. Wooils takes a deep
interest in the great missionary and educational
movements of the day, and the cause of humanity
everywhere finds in him warm sympathy aLid gen-
erous support.

lie has two brotlipr.s in the Baptist ministry,
both of whom have already, though young, distin-
guished themselves as able ministers of the New
Testament,— Rev. H. C. AVooils. A.M., pastor of
the First church, Minneapolis, Minn., and Rev. I!.
A. Woods, A.M., pastor of the First Baptist church,
New London, Conn.

Woods, Rev. H. C, was born of Baptist parent-
age in Homer township. Licking Co., 0.,July 11,
1812; was converteil to Christ when about lifteeii
years of -ago.; was bafitized by Rev. David Adams
into the fellowship of the Baptist church of Jer-
sey, 0.

Very soon after his conversion the duty of
preaching the gospel was deeply impri'ssed upiin
his minil. After preparing for college, he spent
the Freshman year at Denison University, Gran-
ville, 0. The Sophomore year he entered JLidisoii
University, N. Y., graduating from college in 18G.5,
and from the theological seminary in 1M(J7.

lie was ordained pastor of the Baptist church at
Fayetteville, N. Y., Sept. 2(j, I8()7. His hil)ors in
his first field were accom|)ani(!d by the divine bless-
ing in conversions, and in other ways strengthen-
ing the church. In consequence of failing health,
he resigned the ])astoratc in the spring of 1872.
He spent about one year regaining his health in
Colorado. In March, 1873, he accepted the call
of the Baptist church of (irecley, Col. He labored
in this field one year and a half, and was greatly
pros])ered in his work. In October, 1874, he ac-
cepted the call of the First Baptist church of Min-
neapolis, Minn., and entered upon his laljors Nov.
1, 1874. His pastorate with this church still con-
tinues (1880), and his labors have been greatly
blessed, the church having more than doubled its
membership under his ministrations. His excel-
lent wife died Feb. 28, 187b. His second nnirriage
was to IMiss Mary A. Eaton, the youngest daughter
of the late (i. W. Eaton, i).D., of Hamilton, N. Y.
He was married July 11, l(N78. As a preacher and
pastor his position has been an honorable otjc with
the churches he has served. In all the benevolent
work of the denoniinatinn, at home and abroad, ho
has borne an active part.

Woodsmall, Rev. Harrison, president of the
Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological Sclmol
for colored jieople, at Selma, Ala., was born in
Owen Co., Ind., June 9, 1841. llis parents, Jef-
ferson H. Woodsmall and Malinda Wilhite, were
Virginians, and brought him up on a farm, send-
ing him to country schoids in the fall and winter
months. At si.\teen years of ago he entered the
State University, ■where ho remained a student
until the civil war broke out, when he enlisted, in
June, 1861, in the Mth Indiana Regiment. He
served in Virginia, and was wounded at the battle ol
Antietam. Afterwards he rose to be first a captain,
and then a nnijor, in tin' ll.'jth Indiainv Regiment.

He was conviirted an<l bapti/.ed in 1803, when at
home on a furlough, after being wounded, and
joined Little .Mount Baptist church. AVliile in
the army he managed to study law, and at the
return of peace he attended a law-school at Ann
Arbor, Mich., afterwards practising the profession

wO <<

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WOUlJU^AliD

1275

WOOLSEV

in Indiana I'or aljout nix years. Dui'inf; tlioso years
lie took an active part in Siinday-suliool niul tt'ni-
peranoe work, and also in politics. Convictions
that it was liis duty to enter tlie ministry were
i^radually ripeninj^ in liis mind, and tlioiijili he re-
moved to St. I'aul, Minn., and engai^ed in the
practice of the law, lie eunld not sh:ike olF these
impressions. 'I'lioy deepciu'd wiiile he was attiTid-
inj; the State ('onveiilion at ftlankato, and, alter a
week's decisive struggle, on Ijended knee, with the
Hiblc alone tor the imui of his counsel, he threw
up the law and returned to lr\diaua, resolved to
irivc himseir to such work as the Lord might
direct. After spending some months in voluntary
labor in destitute lields of Indiana, ho deter-
mined to enter the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary for a course of preparatory study. lie
went to Greeuville in liS72, and renuiined until the
summer of 1873, when he began work among the
colored )ieople of Georgia, as an appointee of the
Sunday-School Board of the Georgia Baptist Con-
vention. While laboring in this field be was mar-
ried to Miss Mary E. Howes, of Macon, Dec. 2'J,
1S73. The following year he acce[ited an appoint-
ment under the American Baptist I'ublication So-
ciety, and labored among the colored pcojile in
Georgia for six months, lie next employed him-
self as an evangelist for the Home Mission So-
ciety, holding ministers' institutes in Georgia, Ala-
banni, Tennessee, and Kentucky until some time in
1877. In such work he is an adept, and fully com-
prehends the wants of the colored ministers, and
knows how to meet those wants. His ellbrts were
very successful while thus engaged.

In January, IS7S, be took charge of the Ala-
bama Baptist Normal and Theological School,
under the management of the ccjlored Baptists of
Alabama. It was opened by Mr. and Mrs. Wood-
small in a Baptist church in Selma. Grounds (36
acres) and temporary buildings were contracted
for. Mrs. Woodsmall at once turned to Indiana
for a teacher and her support. Miss Emma E.
Jordan, of Indianapolis, went as teacher, and the
Baptist women of the State guaranteed her salary.

The work has gone on very auspiciously. During
the year the colored Baptists of Alabama have
raised J^'JOOO for the school. The property is now
worth SlOjOOtJ. The school numbers over oUO
pupils.

Mr. WoodsnniU, though constitutionally frail of
body, has vast energy, clear views, and great faith
in God and Christianity. He gave himself and bis
whole property to the cause, and he is now seeing
the fruits of bis labor. The Homo Mission So-
ciety has approyiriated $20UO per annum to the
work since April 1, ISSO.

' Woodward, Rev. William, a imtive of South
Carolina, came to Alabama early in his yuulli.

where he enjoyed a long and useful life. He was a
citizen of extensive inllnonce. Served several ses-
sions in the senate (if the State from ^Vest Alabaiiui.
But he found his highest honor and happiness in the
Christian mitiistry. Few were better versed in the
alfairs of state ; i'ewer still were as well aciiuainted
with the Word of (!od, and be loved it anil preached
it with great power, lie died Si'pt. 7, 1«71, aged
seventy-nine. His father was a Hiiptist minister.
His brother, the Hon. J. A. AVoodward, now of
Talladega, was for many years a distinguished
member of Congress from South Carnlina.

Woolsey, Rev. J. J., was bom in Austerlitz,
N. Y., in 181)5 ; converted when (juite young; edu-
cated at Hamilton, from which he graduated in
1833. Among his classmates were Comstock,
Dean, Howard, and Webb, who went as mission-
aries to the heathen. Before leaving Hamilton,
Mr. Woolsey supplied the clnirch at Cassville for
about two years, where a goodly shower of convert-
ing grace descended and many souls were brought
to Jesus. He declined a pressing call to settle in
Cassville. In the .spring of 1834 he acce|ited an
invitation to become pastor of the church of Pike,
in Western New York, where the spirit soon
brought souls in numbers to the Saviour. In I'ike
he received ordination.

Through failing health Mr. Woolsey purposed to
visit the South, and v\i his way he preached in the
Cerjtral Baptist church of Philadelphia, by whose
kind jieople he was persuaded to try the ell'ect of
their clinnite u|>on his enfeebled system, and to take
charge of their church. He took the oversight of
the Central church, and served it with great accept-
ance for three years. During this period he gained
the confidence of the Baptists of Philadelphia and
the reputation of a very able tind scholarly preacher.

Mr. '\V'oolsey accepted an invitation from the
Blockley (Philadelphia) church on his retirement
from the pastorate of the Central, and labored
among them faithfully for two years, during which
signal blessings rested upon his ministry. But his
labors were too much for his feeble health, and in
March, 18-10, he accepted an invitation from the
Baptist church of Norwalk, Conn., which he
served for seven years, and then was constrained
by his old trouble' t(j retire from its pastorate.
Afterwards he accepted an agency Irom the Amer-
ican and Foreign Bible Society, to whose service
be gave five years of untiring and fruitful effort,
when the Norwalk church gave him a unanimous
call to return among them, which brought him back,
to their great joy and prolit. The Hible Soeii^y,
highly appreciating his talents and his success, ap-
pointed him its fiimneial seeretary. In this ollico
he reniiered such service as few men had the ability
to give.

Mr. Woolsey is tJie author (jf several publiea-

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WORCESTER

1276

WORDEN

tions, the most remarkable of wliiuli is " Tlio Doc-
trine of Christian Baptism, Examined by tlie Ac-
Iciiowledged Principles of Biblical Interpretation."
Of this work Benedict says, " The title of Mr.
Woolsey'a book is well sustained tliroughout his
discussions." It is a work of very great merit, a
republication of which would bo of great service
to the cause of truth.

Mr. Woolsey is a man of. extensive learninj^, of
decided ability, well versed in general literature,
with the manners of one who was naturally fitted
for ''good society," and who had frequent oppor-
tunities for using his special gifts.

His churches and the communities surrounding
them had the iiiglieat regard for Mr. Woolsey as a
minister, a man of learning, and a public benefac-
tor. Church resolutions, newspaper commenda-
tions, and the admiration of social circles gave Mr.
Woolsey assurances of his great pojiularity, and of
the warm regard whicJi men of all opinions and
positions cherished for him.

In a happy old age this blameless and distin-
guished servant of God, in Gerinantown, L'hihulel-
phia, is awaiting the Master's summons to enter
upon his eternal reward.

Worcester Academy was originally chartered
as the Worcester County Manual Labor High
School. One of the purposes in view in laying the
foundations of the institution was to establish a
school " where every possible advantage should be
afforded for productive manual labor, so that in-
struction, while it should be good, should not be
expensive."

At the first meeting, held in March, 1832, of
those who took a special interest in establishing
such an institution as was ooutemplated by the
charter, it was resolved to raise a fund of §5000 as
a partial endowment of the proposed school, and
that it should be located at AVorcester, Mass.
Nearly all the subscribers to the fund were Bap-
tists. Application was made to the Legislature of
Massachusetts for an act of incorporation, which
was granted and signed Feb. 2S, 1834. Hon. Isaac
Ihivis was chosen president of the board of trustees,
and arrangements were made at once for the erec-
tion of a suitable building. Sixty acres of land
were purchased in the southern part of the city fur
the purposes of the school.

The new building having been completed, was
formally dedicated June 4, 1834, and the school
was formally opened with about 30 pupils, under
the charge of Silas Bailey, afterwards so well
known in the AVest as Dr. Silas Biiiley, who had
recently graduated from Brown University. The
students continued to increase until, in two years,
there were 135. The second prineipal was Sainucl
S. Greene, now Prof. S. S. Greene, of Brown Ihii-
versity, who remained in oliice two years, and was

succeeded by Mr. Nelson It. Wheeler, whose terra
of service was ten years. In the number of pupils,
and in the value of the instruction im]iartod, tlio
school was in a condition of decided prosperity.
But it became involveil in pecuniary embarrass-
ments, which crippled its usefulness, and placed a
heavy load of care and responsibility upon its trus-
tees. Gradually, however, through the excellent
management of Mr. iJavis, the institution emerged
from its dillicultics, and in lSti4 it was reported
not only to be free from debt, but in the possession
of property worth at least §33,000. Various at-
tempts were made from time to time to merge the
institution into another in its immediate neigh-
borhood, or to transfer its funds to the Newton
Theological Seminary, to found a professorship for
the instruction of students who were not sufliciently
advanced to study Ilelirew and (ireek. All these
attempts, although sonu!times quite seriously en-
tertained, proved abortive. T'he friends of the
school, convinced that it was needed, rallied once
more to its aid. An endowment was raised suf-
ficiently large to settle the (piestion that it was to
remain in the city where it had originally been
located, and that it should be an academy of a high
order, and under the special control of Baptists.
In the summer of 1809 the grounds once occupied
by the " Lailios' Collegiate Institute," four acres in
extent, a pleasant and connnamling site within the
city limits, were purchased, the buildings erected
for the purposes of the institute put in thorough
repair, and the Worcester Academy found its new
home on one of the most attractive heights of the
heautiful city of Worcester. The academy is out
of debt, and has a property in real estate estimated
to be worth §100,000, and invested funds exceed-
ing §50,000, with pledges to a considerable addi-
tional amount. Under its present )irineipal, Mi'.
N. Leavenworth, it is prospered, and as a feeder of
Brown University it is doing a good work in fitting
young men to enter our oldest seminary of learning.

The AVoreester Academy owes a great debt of
gratitude to lion. Isaac Davis. He was the presi-
dent of its board of trustees for forty years, and for
most of this long period its treasurer. In the dark-
est days of its adversity he believed that a prosper-
ous future was before it, and it is owing very
largely to his wise and judicious management,
under the divine blessing, that its present condi-
tion of pi'osperity has been reached. It has had
other Ayarm and devoted friends, who have stood
by it in all its varying fortunes.

Worden, Rev. Horace, was born at West
Stockbridge, Mass., Feb. 'J, 1812. At the age of
thirteen he was converted, uniting first with the
Methodists, but subsequently becoming a Baptist,
he was baptized in 1843, uniting with the First
Baptist church of (Juincy, 111., to which place he

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WORD EN

1278

won HALL

had in the mean tiniu removed. lie liiid been a
preacher while a Methodist, but was now licensed
by the cluneh in Qiiiiicy, and shortly after ordained
as pastor of tlie eliurch in Darry. In 1846, under,
appointment of the Home Mission Society, ho be-
came a missionary in Iowa, remaining abmit six
years in that State. His health Tailing, he re-
turnoii to Qniney, and has since bei'o engaged in
mission lalior ; a work involving nuieh self-denial,
but in which ho enjoys many evidences of the di-
vine Idessing.
Worden, Rev. Jesse Babcock, the grandson

of a brother of Rev. P.'ter W'onlen, was born in
Washington Co., 11. I., July IS, 17N7. in ISI'J h,-
was drafted, and served his country in several mil-
ittiry positions during the war with Great Britain.
When hostilities ceased he devoted himself to
business, for which ho had many rpialifications.
He was converted and baptized in ISlCi in New
AVoodstock, N. Y., and in ISIS he was ordained.
After si.xteen years' service clse\vher(! he became
co-pastor with the Itcv. Davis Hiniock in Montrose,
I'a., in IS.'iT) for a slujrt tinje, and solo jiastor of
the church from ISoS until 1S41. He labored after
1844 in Suscpiehanna County, wheio he died Aug.
6, 1855. iMr. ^\^)rden was an instructive preacher
and a very faithful pastor. He possessed elements
of great efliciency as a minister, his labors were
attended with more than oi'dimiry success, and his
precepts and example made an indelible impression
upon many in Northern Pennsylvania.

Worden, Oliver N., was born in New Wood-
stock, N. Y., in 1817 ; acipiircd the art of printing
in the oliice of the Utica liaptisl Reijisler, and, like
many other masters of type-setting, he became a
learned historian and a ready writer. For more
than forty years he has contributed to various po-
litical, moral, religious, and historical periodicals.
He has publislied new.s|iapers in Montrose, Athens,
Tunkhannock, and Lewisliurg. He was twenty-
seven years a member, and eleven years the scribe,
of the board of curators of the universit}' at Lew-
isburg. He was three years it clerk in the senate
of Pennsylvania, and fifteen yi^ars clerk of the
Nortliuniberland Association. He luis edited " The
Life and Times of Sheardovvn," "Family Record,"
" Half-Century History of the Northumbeidand
Association," and " llalf-Century History of tiie
Bridge water Association."

Mr. Worden Wiis an original thinker, a man of
patient painstaking in collecting materials, of ex-
treme conscientiousness, of great usefulness in the
denomination, and a brother beloved as widely as
he is known. He prepared a manuscript Baptist
history, the publication of which would be of great
advantage to the Baptists of Pennsylvania, and it
is hoped that it will soon bo given to the |n-inter.
He died near New Slilford, Pa., April 2S, 1S81.

Worden, Rev. Peter, was born in ,172'J, con-
verted among the New- Lights, and ordained at
Warwick, R. I., in 1751. He removed to Berk-
shire' Co., Mass., in 17(19, and he died in 1805.
Jolin Leland, at his deatli, spoke of him as " the
arduous Worden, who had been in the ministry
longer than any Baiitist preacher left behind in
New Kngland." In the minutes of the Shaftsbury
Association for 1808 there is the following record
aliout liim : " For dignity of nature, soundness of
judgment, meekness of temper, and unwearied
laliors in the ministry but lew have equaled him
in this iige. He was the father, founder, and
guanlian angel of this Association until his age
prevented, lie followed tiio work of the ministry
about sixty years."

Work, Rev. Perley, was born in Williamsburg,
Vt, Sept. 11, ISlli, and died at Oslikosh, Wis.,
Aug. 11, 1877. He was educated at Oneida Insti-
tute, in Whitcsborough, N. Y. After his conver-
sion and call to the ministry he pursued a course
of theological study at Hamilton, N. Y., and grad-
uated in 1841. He was sent to Wisconsin as a
missionary by the American Baptist Home Mission
Society in 1847, and began his labors at Sheboygan.
8ul)se(]Uently ho served tiie churches at Omro,
Ripon, Wsaikau, First church, Oshkosh, and She-
boygan Falls. Ho was a devoted minister of
Christ, a faithful preacher, and very successful
])astor. He is held in the highest esteem by his
brethren in the ministry.

Worrall, A. S., D.D., was bom in fieorgia in
1831, and graduated from Mercer University with
honor in 1855. He studied theology under Dr. J.
L. Dagg and Dr. N. M. Ciawford. He taught
Latin and (Jreek in the Baptist College in Missis-
sippi, and afterwards Gn.'ck and llehrew in Union
University, Tenn. After the war w.is president of
JNIount Lebanon University, La., and had unusual
success. He was for a time editor of the Westei-n
Recorder, of Louisville, Ky. For health he re-
moved to California, and there did njuch to endow
the Baptist College. He is now president of Mount
Pleasant College, lluntsville. Mo. The college is
fortunate in obtaining such a president.

Worrall, Rev. Moses Hoagland, was born at

Cliarlestuwn, Ind., Aug. 4, 1835. His father, Rev.
Isaac Worrall, was an active and inlluential Baptist
minister. The son was converted and baptized
into the fellowship of the Charlestown church at
the age of fourteen. Receiving his education chietly
at Cincinnati and Covington, his (irst public service
was as principal of the Main School in the latter
city. In compliance with the request of citizens,
he opened an academy for the preparation of young
men for college, and for advanced study in the clas-
sics and scienci!s. The large attendance made the
erection of a building at once necessai-y, and the

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WORN ALL

1279

wiuairr

school beciuun woU known us tlio Covington Oliis-
aical iind .Scicntilio Academy, lalei- us Won-iiU's
Olahtiical and Soiuntilio Aoadcni}' ,1'or Uirls ami
IJoys. IS'otwitli.standing lii.s eiiiinunt .success in
tliis line oF work, iMr. Woi-rall continued to bo
)jrcssed by convictions ol' duty as to tlie ministry.
Yieldinff to tliese, be was licensed by the First
cliurcli of Covington, iMarcli 'S[, 1S(J8, and was
called us pastor of the Ooluniljia Haptist cburcli,
Cincinnati, in February of tbe fullowinii year, re-
ceiving ordination in April of tbe same year. His
subsequent pastorates have been at Troy, 0., and
Springtield and Princeton. III., tbe scene of bis
present labors. He is an effective preacher and a
liard-woikini; pastor. As tbe result, bis work on
each of the lields named lias been telling and I'liiit-
ful.

Wright, Rev. David, son of h>:ivid and Martha
(Ilnbijard) Wright, was born in New London,
Conn., July 30, 1788. .His father, a graduate of
Yale College and a hiwyer, died in 17'.*S. David
from 1801 to 1810 woi'ked in a printing-oliice in
Boston; converteil under Dr. .Stillman, and united
. with First Baptist church in Boston, April 28,
1805; thought to becoiuo a missionai'y printer;
studied in Boston, in Norwich, and in Wallingford,
Conn., under llev. •Joshua Hradley ; assisted Mr.
Bradley in teaching, and supplied tbe pulpit of the'
North Haven Baptist church ; ordained in Soutli-
ington, Conn., Aug. 'J, ISlo; in bis very long min-
istry his settlements were at Westtield Farms, Cuui-
mington, ^Vestminster, Westtield. and Conway,
jNlass. ; Waterville and llomnbis, N. Y. ; North
Colebrook, North Lyme, and Clinton, Conn. ; served
as State missionary in ^hlssaebusetts and Connec-
ticut, and among Indians of JNIartba's Vineyard ;
agent of American and Foreign Bible Society for
New Hampshire; memlier of the Massachusetts
Legislature from Westtield Farms ; was never pby.s-
ieally strong, but strong in heart and intellect;
logical and mighty in the Scriptures; an excel-
lent (ireek scholar; a wise and pri/.ed counselor;
}ireacbed over 8000 sermons ; constituted live
cburches; now lives in Essex, Conn., at the ago
of ninety-two ; in bis prime a jireacber of power ;
wieliled withal an ellicicnt pen ; honored and be-
loved by all.

Wright, Rev. J. C, was born in South Caro-
lina, Dec. 10, 18o0 ; came with bis parents to
Alabama in childhood ; graduated in Howard
College in 18oti. His ministry for many years
was with cburches in West Alabama; was jiastor
in Clintcjn, ( ircensborougb, and (jaincsville, — souu'
of the strongest cburches in tbe State, among a
wealthy and intelligent people. For sonui years
since tbe late war he resided on his farm in Cal-
houn County, ami preached in tlie region around
him ; now pastor of tbe Broad Street church in the

city of Mobile. INIr. Wright is an elocpient and
scholarly preaidjer ; his seriaous always have all
ornate finish, aLid are drlivereil in graceful style.

Wright, Lyman, D,D., son of Deaon I'omeroy
and Abigail Wright, was born in \V'estford, Otsego

L^ M W H HR m, I) D

Co., N. Y., Sept. 28, ISIG. He was converted Jan.
0, 1830; baptized Sept. 3, 1831, and joined tlie
^Vestford Baptist church. He was educated at
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution;
ordained as an evangelist Fcdj. 11, 1S38, and sup-
jilicd the Westford church the succeeding year.
He became jjastor at Exeter, Otsego Co., N. Y., in
1839; succeeded Rev. A. 1'. jMason, at ClockviUe,
]\Iadison Co., in 1841 : settled at Fayetteville,
Onondaga Co., in 184:') ; served the American
Baptist IMissionary Union as collecting agent fur
one year ; took charge of the church in Norwich,
(Mienango Co., in 1854 ; in Trenton, N. J., in
1S58 ; in Norwich, a second term, in 1S59 ; be-
came fitiancial secretary of the New Y'ork Baptist
Education Society, and jiart of tbe time, in con-
nection with it, agent for Madison University, in
18G1, While thus employed he increased tbe en-
dowment fund of the university S72,0()0.

He returned to tbe pastorate after this work was
done, settling with the Newburgh <4iurch in 18(14,
and with the liiiigbamton churcli in bSli'.l, wher(!
he remained until his di^atb, in 1878. He has
with his )jersonal supervision assisted the church
in erecting a commodious edifice. His ministerial
labors extend over a period of more than forty
years. In all of his pastorates he has been faith-

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WRIOHT

1280

WYCKOFF

fill, ivnd siiccossiful in winning souls for the king-
dom, liiiving baptized iiuiro than 1100 convurts
into tliu fellowship of (he churches he has served.

Wright, Judge Selden S., is one of tlie nujst

lionoi-c:d judges iji the Suitc of Calil'ornia, and an
oxeniplavy nioiuber of the First Baptist uhurch,
San Francisco. IJorii MarcFi 7, 1822, in>Easex Co.,
Va. ; son of 'i'hos. Wright, Jr., and Mary Daley
Jones; graduated at William and Mary College in
1842; he roiiioveJ to Lexington, Miss., in 1843;
practised law, in partnership with lion. AValter
Brooke, until 18.'jl, when ho removed to Yazoo City,
and was the same year elected vice-chancellor of
the middle district of Mississippi, and re-elected in
1855. In 1855 he resigned and removed to Car-
rollton, Miss., ami practised law with William B.
Helm, as |iartner, until 1859, wlien he removed to
the Pacilic coast, arriving at San Francisco, Cal.,
Jan. 3, 186U. lie practised law until 1868, when
he was elected probate judge for the city and county
of San Francisco. In 1874 he was appointed judge
of tlio City and County Court, and in 1870 re-
elected to the same oflico, which he held until the
office expired, Jan. 1, 1880. lie was baptized by
Rev. Jas. K. Clinton, at Lexington, Miss., in 1843,
where his brother, Rev. Thos. Wright, is an es-
teemed Baptist minister. While practising his
profession he has always identitied himself with
his brethren in the churches where ho has resided,
and, on reaching San Francisco, united with the
First Baptist churchj in whose welfare he has
been deeply interested during his twenty years'
residence in California.

Wright, Rev. Stephen, was born Marcli 22,
1813, in Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y., of a
New England anccsti-y, the seventh generation
from Lieut. Abel Wright, of Springfield, Mass.,
in 1655. Converted at eighteen, he was baptized,
with 111 other converts, by the venerable Daniel
Tinkham, into the White Creek church, in the
great revival of 1831, He prepared for college
at Union Academy, Bennington, Vt. He was or-
dained at Stillwater, N. Y., Feb. 23, 1837, and,
after jireaching two and a half years, entered the
seminary at Hamilton in December, 1839, where
he spent three years, chiefly in theological study,
graduating in 1842; served various churches,
mostly in Eastern New York and Western Ver-
mont. His longest pastorate was at old Ticon-
deroga, from 1854 to 180U, in which time he bap-
tized, with other converts, the father of Rev.
Joseph Cook, known a.s Deacon Wm. H. Cook, of
the Baptist (church, a solid farijier. In 1853 he
published, by request, "A History of the Old
Shaftsbury Association from ]78(( to 1853,'' iu a
12mo viilume of 4('i4 (lages, which Intcresled 100
churches and ti Associations that now occupy the
territory of the original body. He has also pub-

lished several local church histories, and written
lor the periodical press, secular and religious. Ho
is located at (lien's Falls, ^Varren Co., N. Y.
Wright, Rev. Thomas Goddard, son of llev.

David Wright, was born in W estlield, l\Iass., Jan.
18, 1820; converted and baptized at eleven in
Cummington, Mass, ; began holding meetings im-
mediately, and soon rejoiced over nearly a score
converteil through his ellbrts ; graduated at ^Vater-
ville College (now Colby University), Mo., at
nineteen, and from Hamilton Theological Semi-
nary, N. Y., at twenty-two ; supplied one year at
Avon Springs, N. Y., then settled in Lyons, N. Y.,
and was ordained Aug. 7, 1844. His subsequent
ministry was in Claremont, N. IL, Sandislield,
Mass., Newark, N. J., ^Vestport and Wappinger's
Falls, N. Y., Roadstuwn, N. J., with First Colian-
sey cliurch, Philadelphia, Pa., Westerly, R. I.,
Newfime and Watkins, N. Y., and Media, Pa. In
Newark, N. J., he served as missionary, inaugura-
ting its present city mission plan, and organizing
the North church ; also in Philadelphia, Pa., where,
in connection with otlier labors, he organized the
Mantua mission, and left it when ready to be rec-
ognized as the present Mantua church. He was
always true to Now Testament Baptist doctrine.
lie has been a successful harmonizer of church dif-
ficulties, careful in the reception of members into
the church, and a promoter of missions and educa-
tion. He has a son (Wm. R.) who is pastor at
Cohoes, N. Y. He was one of the originators of
South Jersey Institute, at Bridgeton, N. J., and its
first secretary. While at Hamilton he compiled
and arranged a music book called the " Chapel
Choir," which was published by the institution,
and used for many years iu the cliapel services.
He is in good health at sixty, and bids fair to do
service for the Master for several years to come,

Wyatt, Rev. Wm. H., a pioneer preacher in
Southeastern Arkansas, was Xmyii in Alabama in
1805, and removed to Arkansas in 1848.' Ho
preached extensively in all the region between
the Ouachita and Arkansas Rivers, and gathered
many churches. He died in 1853 of malarial fever,
contracted during a missionary tour in the Missis-
sippi bottom.

WyckofF, William H., LL.D., the youngest of

the family of llev. Cornelius P. and Elizabeth
Richmond Wyckolf, was born in New York City,
Sept. 10, 1807.

Ho finished his academic studies in Auburn,
N. Y. ; spent two years at Hainiltcm College, and
was graduated at Union College in 1828.

Having then a higli reputation for his wide
range of informatioi\ and accurate scholarship, he
was appointed princiiial of a celebratiMi collegiate
school in New York City.

He studied successively law and medicine; was

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WYER

1281

WYNN

regarded as an authority in ancient and modern
liistury ; was well versed in general literature, and
, excelled in inatliematics. Tlie late I'roC. Cliarles
Aiitliun, LL.U., ^aid of him, lliat lie helieved there
was no one in this country superior to him in a
knowledge of Greek and Latin. lie iiad also made
scholarly attuiiuiients in Hebrew rind in some of
the modern European languages. His study of the
Bible was earnest and unremitting.

Having a retentive memory, extensive reading
had given him a wealth of intelieotual resources,
which enhanced his fine conversational gifts, and
furnished him with copious illustrations in his
preaching.

Tlie Laight Street Baptist church called him to
the ministry in 1846. He was tlie founder and —
from 1839 to 1840 — the editor of The Baptist Ad-
cocate (now the I'Jiainiiiei' and Chronicle).

As a nuinager of the Sunday-School Union, pres-
ident of the Young. Men's City Bible Society and
of the Baptist Domestic Mission Society, and a
worker in other benevolent enterprises in his na-
tive city, he was active and ellicient.

lid took ))art in organizing the American and
Foreign Bible Society in 1835, and was its corre-
sponding secretary from 184C to 1850, when the
American Bible Union was founded, of which he
was secretary till his death.

To the work of the Bible Union, in its efforts to
procure and circulate the most faithful versions of
the Scriptures, h.e gave his best energies and his
steadfast support. His voluminous correspondence
in the interests of the society attests his devotion
to the cause. In the excited controversy occa-
sioned by the movement for the revision of the
English Bible his part was prominent, but he was
careful not to overstep the bounds of Christian
courtesy. The degree of LL.D. was conferred on
him by JMadison University in 1858.

lie was the author of various religious and edu-
cational Ijooks. His disposition was genial and
sympathetic ; his nature refined ; his life pure and
devout.

Of his seven children, five survive him. His
sudden death on Nov. 2, 1877, was caused by a
rupture of the heart, unaccountable to the eminent
physicians who were present at the post-mortem
examination. Dr. WyckoiT performed a mighty
work for pure versions of tlio Word of God.

Wyer, Eev. Hemy Hartstene, was born in
Soutli Carolina, July liO, 18li'J. He was prepared
for eidlege at a cla.'<«ieai school in Savannah, Ga. ;
was graduated from the Columbian College, Wash-
ington, D. C, and received his theological education
at the Princeton Semiiun-y, N. J. In 1851 he
became pastor of the Upperville and Klji-uezer
churches, fauipiier Co., Va. In l85G.lie removed to
Lynchburg, where he remained until I85'J. Erum

1859 to 1866 he was pastor of the Oakland and Hope-
ful churches. Erom 1866 to 1871, Mr. Wyer was
principal of tlie Eaui|uier Female Institute, an ex-
cellent seiiool, and also pastor of the church in
Warrentoii, Va. At jn-esent he is the pastor of the
Carter's Run and Broad Hun churches, the former
of which was organized by the Itcv. .luhn Pickett,
who was imprisoned in the county jail for preaih-
ing the gospel. The latter was organized by the
Uev. David Thomas in 1762, and has Irad among
its pastors such well-known men as Wm. Fristcie,
C. George, and John Ogilvie.

Wyer, Rev. Henry Otis, was bom in Beverly,
Alass., ftlarch 19, 18U2 ; educated at Waterville Col-
lege, Me., and at Columbian College, Washington,
U. C. His piety, zeal, and talents attracted at-
tention in Savannah, to which he came in 1824,
and, notwithstanding his inexperience, he was
elected pastor of the church there, and called to
ordination. Dr. Wm. T. Brantly, Sr., then pastor
at Augusta, and Rev. James Shannon officiating.
He remained pastor of the church about ten
years, when excessive labors broke his health
down and he lurd to resign.

Among others \vJiom he was instrumental in
bringing to Jesus and bajjlizing were Dr. Richard
Fuller, Dr. J. II. De Votie, and Rev. D. G. Daniel.
As a preacher he had few equals, for he was es-
pecially fitted for the ]iul|iit by his sonorous voice,
comprehensive mind, cultivated intellect, and sanc-
tified heart. His characteristics were clearness,
unction, and force. Hundreds were converted under
his ministry, the church at Savannah was revived
and built up, and the Baptist cause in the city
greatly advanced by his labors. He passed away
May 8, 1857, at Alexandria, Va., in the fifty-sixth
year of his age.

Wynn, Isaac Caldwell, D.D,, was born in
Cumberland Co., N. J., l'"eb. 22, 1835; was bap-
tized in the West Branch of the Susquehanna by
Rev. I. W. Ilayhurst, in March, 1854; was gradu-
ated at the University of Lewisburg in 1858 ; was
principal of the academic dcjiartment of the uni-
versity at Lewisburg froiri J 859 to 1804. From
1864 to 1867 he held the principalship of a classi-
cal academy at Panville, Pa. Became pastor of
the Baptist ehurch at llatborough. Pa., in Novem-
ber, 1807, where he was ordained Feb. 13, 180S.
July 1, 1870, he became jiastor of the Tabernacle
church of Camden, N. J.

During Ids pastorate the First and Tabernacle
churches of Ca.mden w<'re united in 1 872 under the
corporate title of the Fourth Street Bajitist church
of Camden, of which he is still ]iastor. His spirit
is so conciliatory, and his wisdoiu so practical, tliat
he has been instrumental in bringing into complete
harmony two communities formerly worshipping
in separate buildings; and the blessing; of fhjd has

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WYNN

1282

YA TES

prosjiered the cliiUL-li in conversions, in tlio in-
cre:iseJ piety of the lueiiiber.'S, unil in tlie favor of

ISAAC CAI.DWKI.l, HVNN, U.D.

the people of Cuniden. In INT'J tlie nniversity at
Levifisburg gave iiini tlie degree of D.l).

Wyoming^ Institute of Delaware, The, witli

grounds and building, eo.sting S'JOOO, was estab-
lished in ISG7 by a joint-stoek company at Wy-
oming, Rent do., Del. iiev. 0. F. Fli|)[>o, then a
inissionarj in Delaware of the American IJaptist
Home Mission Society, after consulting prominent
15a|)tists, by assistance from individuals and a loan
from the society under which he was acting, pur-
chased it for the di.'iiomiuation for a school and
place of worship. For two years he took its general
oversight, visiting churches and collecting money
to pay for it. In 1^:72, Uev. M. Heath, A.M., was
electt^d principal, a position which he still holds
(bSSO). He has furnished it with his own appa-
ratus, employed teachio-s, and conducted its educa-
tional interests ou his own responsibility. It was
rechartercd in 1875, providing for a large majority
of lia|itists in the board of trustees. Tlie courses
of study hn- both sexes re([uire three years beyond
commoii-scho(d branches. Since 1874 there has
been a graduating class each year except one.
No debts have been incurred since 1873. About
' $2IJ00 have been paid on the original indebted-
ness, and iilODO remain unpaid. The institu-
tion has usually from four to six teachers. The
largest annual attendance was for the year ending
June, 1879, when 101 were registered. This insti-
tution is of great advantage to that portion of the
(leople of Delaware surrounding it, especially to the
citizens of Wyoming.

Y.

Yates, Rev. Aaron, a leading Baptist minister,
who resides at Arkadelphia, Ark., was born in
Georgia in 1817; removed to Arkansas in 1850;
began to preach in 1854. His labors have been
chielly devoted to churches in Dallas and the ad-
joining counties, and have been eminently suc-
cessful.

Yates, M. T., B.D., was bom in Wake Co.,
N. C, in 1819; was Ixtpti/.ed into the fellowship
of the Mount Pisgah church in October, 183G ;
went to school to George W. Thompson, near ^Vake
Forest College, in 1838; became a beneficiary of
the Convention, and was graduated fnua AVake
Forest College in 184t>: was ordained in October,
1840, during the session of the Convention in the
city of Raleigh. Ilev. TTioina.s Meredith jil-eached
the sermon, Kev. ^Villi;^m Hill Jordan olfcred the
prayer, l>r. James li. T.iyloi', of Kichnunid, ile-
livered the charge, and the venerable Dr. Wait

presented tlie Bible. Immediately after his ordi-
nation he and his wife sailed for China, where
they have been laboring for Ihirly-Jive years. Dr.
Yates has visited the United iStates three times dur-
ing this period, in search of health, and he is now
publishing in the Biblical Recorder " Reminis-
cences of a Long Missionary Life," which will be
issued in book form after the series has been com-
pleted.

Dr. Jeter, clariim et vcnerahile nomen, once said
to the writer that '' he regarded Dr. Yates as the
ablest missionary whom he liad ever known." I
asked, ''Did you know Judson?" " Yes," he ro-
jilied. " [ knew Judson ; but Yatos has more mind
than Judson," During the war between the States,
Dr. Yates was enabled, by a judicious investment
of some money he had lid't on interest in New
York, to sustain the missionaries of the Southern
Baptist Convention in China, who were cut off

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YI'JAMA^'

1283

VKtSKli

fioni all eoiiununiciition with tlio IjoarJ that sent
theiu out. ])r. Yates has rciulored valuable sorvieo

.M. T. VATES, D.D.

in tlie translation of tlie Scn|)tures, and in issuing
evani^flical tvai^Ls in Chiiiest'. lie was honored
with tlie title ol'.JJ.l*. by AV'ake Forest CoUej^e in
1.S72.

Yeaman, W. Pope, D.D., was born in Har-
din Co., Ky., May l!S, 1X32. lie was the third
in a family of nine children, ei;;ht of whom were
sons. His father was a nutu of culture, •#nd emi-
nent as a lawyer. His mother was Jliss I.ucretia
Helm, sister of ex-(iov. Helm, of Kentucky, a
lady of talent. Six of the brothers became law-
yers. Dr. Pope Yeaman studied law with his
uncle, Oov. John /. Helm, and was admitted to
the bar at the aj;c of nineteen. For nine years
Dr. Yeaman devoted himself to the |iractieo of law.
He was able as an advocate, and was retained in
dilticult cases. At the age of twenty-seven ho en-
tered the lainistry and received ordination. His
first pastorate was at Niehnlasville, Ky., where he
divided his time with Kast Hickman idiurch, in
Fayette County, succoedini; Uyland 'f. Dillard,
I). I)., who had preached there thirty-seven years.
In 1802 he became jiastorof the First Baptist church
in CoviuirtMU, Kia. In December, l.S(i7, he was
called to lh<: Central liaptist ehurcli of \ew York
City, la .Marcli, 1870, be acccjited a call to the
Third Baptist, church of St. Louis. In the same
year William Jewell College couferrc'd upon him
the honorary degree of Doctcu' uf Ibviuily. I'r.
Yenmau has been active in all the denominalional

interests of the State. He was for a time propi-io-
tor and editor of the Ct-iilral Btqitist, also chan-
cellor of William Jewell Colhjge, ano! president of
the iNIissouri General Association. He still holds
this ulfice, |iresidiiig with dignity and giving gen-
eral satisfaction.

In 1871) he resigned the care of the 'I'hird church,
and fur two years was pastiu' of the (iarrison Ave-
nue cliiircli, a new interest. This charge be re-
signed, and he is now pastor at Glasgow, and
secretary of the General Association. His natural
eloquence and superior mental endowments give
him great power over an audience. He is an in-
dependent thinker, bold in his utterances, with

'''•75?gft^'v;/*^:'S;a'

\Y. POl'K YEAMA.N, D.D. ■

throngs of warm friends. His influence and use-
I'ulnc.'-s in Missouri arc very great.

Yeiser, Rev. George 0., was born in Lancaster,
Grand Co., Ky., Dec. 4, 1825. He was brought up
in the Presbyterian Church ; graduated at (,'eutre
College in 1848 ; followed the profession of the
law for eight years ; was collector of U. S. internal
revenue in the first collection di>ti'ict in Kentucky
in 18G4 and 18tJ5. On June 5, l8(J8, he sull'ered
an aflliction that was blessed in bringing his soul
to God. On searching the Scripture for authority
for infant sprinkling \w became convinced that im-
mersion alone is baptism. lie was bapli/.cd in
September, I8G8 ; ordained Aug. U. 187:'); became
jjastor of the Baptist church in Ashland, Neb., Aug.
IJ, 1875. Sinie 1878 he has been )iastor of the
Baptist churches aL Kcd Cloud ami Guide l!o(d<,
l\'eb.

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YKRKES

1284

YOUNG

Yerkes, David J., D.D., was boin in Mont-
gouiL'i'y Co., I';i., .hm. 27, l.Sl!'); was graduated at
Columbian Oolk'gi^, I'. C, in 1S4,S ; ordained at
Ilollitlaysburg, Pa., lcS4'J, and, after a pastorate of
seven years at that phioo, took ebarji;e of tlic First
cluircli of I*ittsl)urjj;b fur four years, then (be FirtJt
ebiircb of HruuUlyn, N. Y., lor til^eo years, from
wUicb be went to tlie First ebnreb of I'lainlield,
N. J., in the fall of 1803. The decree of l>.LI. was
conferred upon him by Uolumbian College and the
university at Lewisburg in 1870. Sinee the settle-
merit of J)r. Yerkes in I'lainlield a line new eliureh
eililiee has been l)uilt and paid for, several e.xten-
sivo revivals have been enjoyed, and the member-
ship of tlie ehnrch has increased to 800.

Young', Aaron H., was born in 1780, in Fair-
fax Co., \'a. ill' was Ijrought to Kentucky by bis
parents when a ehibl, and was converted at the age
of twenty-one years, and baptized by Ivev. Peter Dud-
ley, lie removed to Missouri in 18I'J, and lived at
.Marthaville, where bo helped to organize the Friend-
ship Baptist church. Afterwards be remove<l to
St. Ijonis County and joined the Fee Fee cliurcb.
Ilis house was the home of Peek, Hurley, Music,
and AVilliams, the pioneer preachers of Missouri.
lie loved knowledge, art, and the Saviour's gos|)el.
Mr. Y'oung was a useful layman, and a great helper
to the church.

Young", Rev. C. B., an aged minister in Mar-
shall Co., .Mi.ss., was born in North Carolina in
1815; began to preach in 18;)7 ; removed to Mis-
sissippi in 1840; ordained in 1845, and during
the thirty-five years of his useful ministry he has
supplied a number of churches in iMarshall and the
surrounding counties, where his labors have been
greatly blessed. At the age of sixty-six he is waiting
beside the river, with a long life of usefulness be-
hind and the jirospect of rest beyond.

Young", Hon. Edward, Ph.D., was bom in

Nova Scotia, l)ee. II, 1814, and was educated at
Ilorton Academy, now Acadia College. lie was
engaged for a while in commcroial pursuits, but,
removing to Philadelphia, became a ]iublishor of
statistical works. On ccjming to Washington, be
was (diosen chief of the U. S. Ifureau of Statistics,
which position he held for more than eight years,
with great honor to hijnself and usefulness to the
commercial interests of the government. While
chief of this important bureau, be was appointed by
the Presiilent of the United States a delegate to
the International .Statistical Congress held in St.
Petersburg, UusKJa, in 1872, and won for himself in
that distiugui.shed assembly a high reputation as a
statistician. He served as one of the vice-presidents
of that congress. The emperor of Russia was so
favorably impres.^ed with the ability of Dr. Young
that he sent him a valuable diamond ring, wbii h, by
a special act of Congress, he was permitted to accept.

It is a fact well worthy of record that Dr. Y'oung,
who has always been a zealous advocate of tem-
perance, and an oppcjnent of thi.-atrical representa-
tions, in consequence of their cinrupting tenden-
cies, while in Russia steadfastly decliiu'd to partake
of wine, so abundantly furnished at the tables of
the (nnpi'ror and of utiicr membiTs (jf the royal
family ; and also to visit the theatre in Moscow,
when all the other mi'mbers (jf the congress made
the visit at the invitation of the authorities of that
city. While attending the congress, the fact was
brought to Dr. Young's notice that the " Stund-
ists," who iire mainly Baptists, were iuijirisoncd
in Southern Russia, charged with disseminating
liei'csy and drawing away from the orthodo.x
(Russo-Greek) church some of its members ; be
used his influence, naturally great under the cir-
cumstances of his position, with the high officials
of Russia to secure their liberation. In this merci-
ful labor be was greatly aided by his friend. Baron
de Ilozen, grand unister of the court and confiden-
tial friend of the emperor, who kindly undertook
to interest in behalf of the imprisoned Baptists
Prince DondourolT-Korsakoff, governor-general of
Kii'V, in which place the '' .'"-tnndists" were hold
for trial, the result (jf which was that a new trial
Ijefore a higher court was grantcil, and the de-
cision nmde that, although the prisoners were cul-
pable, yet they were not guilty of disseminating
heres3'', and were consequently discharged, with
the exce))tion of two, who were sent to the authori-
ties of another jurisdiction. Dr. Young stands
deservedly liigii as a writer in bis special field of
studies and labors. He edited lor many yi'ars a
temperance jjaper in Ncjva Scotia, and subse-
quently industrial journals in New York and
Philadelphia. In addition to numerous regular
monthly, quarterly, iind annual reports on tlie
commerce and navigation of the United States, he
prepared, in 1871, a special report on immigration,
in which a vast amount of valuable information
with regard to the advantages of the country was
furnished for those looking towards a settlement
here. Of this work 20,()()0 copies were published
in Fnglish, 10,000 in (icrjuau, and 10,000 in
French, for which the author was awarded a medal
and diploma by the International Geographical
Congress at Paris in 1875. In 1S72 he issued a
special report on the " Customs-Tariff Legislation
of the United States," which is a standard work
in this and in other countries. His last work, on
"Labor in Europe and America," has icceivcd the
very liighest commendations from economists and
statesmen in this country and in Europe. He lias
also mjide frequent valuable contributions to the
monthly, weekly, anil d:iily journals, cliielly on
economical subjects. He is an honoiary memlier
of the Statistical Society of Loudon, and owing

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YOUNG

1285

YOUNG

to Ilia reputiition as a statistician the government
of Canada has been desirous of seoiirinj;; liis
services. lie is at the present time (IS"'.)) at
Ottawa, engaujcd in s|ieeial service.

Dr. Youni^ lias been for many years, and still is,
a member of the First Baptist church, Washing-
ton ; is a deacon of the church, and was for several
years the 8U|ierinteii(leMt of the Siniilay-sclHinl.
'I'he Columbian College, in recognition of his val-
uable sia-vices to the government, conferred upon
him, in 18G7, the honorary degree of A.M. (as
did also Acadia College), and in LS71 the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Young is interested
in the higher education of the youth of the coun-
try, and has given to the Columbian College a
gold medal, "The Young prize for excellence in
iiietaphj'sics," annually awarded to tlu^ best student
in )nontal pliili)Sophy.

Young, Rev. Georg^e Whitefield, was born in
Amherst Co., Va., Feb. 15, 1SU7. His father, John

fA^ffri^'ih .

!&iCMM

REV. OEOUGE M'll irKl'lELD VOU.NG.

Young, was a Baptist minister of whom honorable
mention is made in Kev. James B. Taylor's " His-
tory of Virginia I5aptist Ministers" as "one of
those who were imprisoned lor Christ's sake."

llev. (ieorge \V. Young united with the Prospect
Baptist chnrcli of Amlidrst Co., Va., in 18li7 ; in
April, IM.O.Jie was ordained in Kliiu church, Hay-
wood Co., 'I'enn., luiving left his native State in
October, 1820 ; lie contininjd serving the best inter-
ests of this church until his death, Dec. 3, l.S7-i, in
the sixty-eighth year of his age.

He was instrumental in the formation of llcrmon

church, Lauderdale Co., and he was its pastor for
several years. In 1852 ho was called to the pas-
torate of Woodlawn church, and served it until
declining health forced him to resign. In 1S6',I ho
accepted the pastoral care of Salem church, Lau-
derdale Co., and in 1873 commenced his labors
with Bloomington (now Brighton) church, 'I'ijiton
Co.

The Big Hatchio Ass<jciation freiiuently selected
llev. 0. W. Young as its nuiderator, and he was
repeatedly elected president of the \\'cst Tennessee
Baptist Convention. These oHioes of dignity and
worth were conscientiously and satisfactorily tilled.
His great inlluence was always exerted for the good
of humanity. His a|i])earance was commanding,
his manners were social and easy. He had a kind
word for all who came in contact with him ; his
all'ection and gentleness won the sympathies of the
young, and their welcome made his visits doubly
enjoyable.

His piety was of the quiet, practical order, un-
obtrusive, but not to be mistaken.

A short time previous to his death he reviewed
his past life and labors, and in conunenting upon
them to an intimate friend and associate he re-
marked that, " so far as the doctrines he had preached
were concerned, he believed them all, and in his
practice of them had nothing to regret; that with
eternity in view, he was more than ever convinced
that it was wrong to alliliate with the teachers of
error." "I know whom I have believed," were
the words uttered by him just before yielding up
his spirit, showing tluit his faitli did )iot forsake
him in the hour of death.

He passed away from this life Dec. 3, 1874, but
his memory still remains honored by the church
and those who knew him.

Young, E,ev. Jesse, one of a noble liaud of ]iio-
ncers in South aMississijipi, was born in South Car-
olina, and remo\ed to Mississip[ii in ISl 1 ; or-
dained in 1827 ; was indefatigable in his labors to
jilant primitive (Jhristianity in South Mississippi
and Eastcrt\ Louisiana, ami was blessed as the
iustrunient in establishing many churches; died
in M7.

Young, Mrs. M, J., was born in Beaufort, N. C,
aliout 182iS. Her father, Nathan Fuller, is a de-
scendant of Samuel Fuller, who came to America
in the " Mayllower." His paternal grandmother
was adaughtcr of iMichael Pacqueuett, a Huguenot,
of Bordeaux, who emigrated to this country after
the revocation of the Kdict of Nantes, and married,
in Virginia, a direct desoi'udant of .(ohn Ivolf an<l
Kebecca, his wife, better known as Pocahontas.
Her mother is the daughter of Dr. John JIarshall,
lilssex, England, who was educated at lOton and
Trinity College, Oxford. Jlrs. Young was edu-
cated chielly under Episcopal inlluence, at Greens-

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I

YOUNG

Iii86

YOUNG

Loi'ou^h, Ala., luul never lieai-J a Baptist sunnoii
till sixteen yeavs of ago, when she first licavJ Wqv.
D. I', licstor ])reaeh. Removing to Houston,
Texas, in llS-).'i, she coiitinuoJ to attend the Episco-
pal ohureli, tenoli a Sunday-school, read liei' praj'ur-
hook, and Celt hurt when it was said, "Oh, never
mind, let her read her prayer-hook, .when she is
eoiiverted she will join the I5aptist Oluirch."
'I'lirouiih the influence of Itev. ^\'. JM. Tryon she
was induced to examine the \e\v Testament as to
her duty about liaptisni, and in IS4li she was hap-
tized Ijy Mr. Tryon into the fellowship of the
Houston Bajitist church. The administrator, de-
seemled from the 'WcUh ISaptist^, told her that
through hiiji she had receiveil apostolic haptism,
through the succession of the ancient Christian
church of Wah:s. Ju Fehruary, 1S47, she was
married to Dr. .'>. 0. i'oung, id' South Carolina,
who died the same year. Sin; has written short
poems, stories, ami letters of ti'avel ; is the author
of " Cardena," a serial, showing that Judaism has
no consistent, logical development except in bap-
tist faith, and a work on hotanj', puldished by A.
S. Barnes & Co., New York, to which is added the
most cornideto Qora of Texas yet published. Her
attainiiu'iits as a botanist have been recognized by
eminent scientists on both sides of the Atlantic,
and she has distinguished correspondents, literary,
scientitic, historical, poetical, theological, and mili-
tary. She has been Texas State liotanist, and su-
perintendent of public schools at Houston, Texas.
She was the Texas member of the Wonnin's Cen-
tennial Committee, and was honored by His Grace
the Duke of Richmond and (jlordon, K.(i. She is
connected either actively or honorarily with numer-
ous associations for poniological, horticultural, and
scientilic purposes in America. She is devoted to
'the.interest of the Houston Baptist church, and all
worthy Baptist enterprises. She has fascinating
conversational powers, and writes in an attractive
style, connuandiug the high regard of all who are
numbered among her friends or acquaintances.

Young, Rev. Robert F,, was born near Coates-
ville, I'a., Sept. 4, IS 10. From the time of his
great-grandfather, Niuian Young,— who in 1754 re-
sided on and owned a tract of about two huiulrcd
acres in East Eallowlield, Chester Co., — his family
were farmers, and Uobert himself, until near man-
hood, led the same hardy life.

Denomituitionally, the earlier generations of the
family were almost exclusively Presbyterian ; but,
about the close of the year 1774, the grandfather
of Mr. Young married Martha, sister of the late
and still revered Deacon Thomas Shields, of the
First Baptist church of Philadelphia, and to this
graft from a more orthodox stock is probably due
the large number of Baptists in the Young family.
And no doubt, too, it was in part owing to the ex-

ample and influence of this lady, whom Mr. Young
still remembers in her latter days as a constant
Bible-reader and a lirm l$;iptist, as well as to his
own (U!op, youthful convictions, that he was led to

REV. aoiii'itr r. vouno.

be baptized in 1824, to unite with the Hephzibah
church.

When only seventeen, iMr. Young, feeling called
to preach the gospel, began the preparatory stud}'
of Latin and (jireek at Moscow Academy, above
Sadsburyville, Chester Co., Pa.

In 1831 he was licensed by the Bethesda Bap-
tist church, Chester Co., and the same year en-
tered the Literary and 'I'heological Institution at
Hamilton, N. Y.

After studying at Hamilton two years, early in
the fall of IS33 Mr. Young left, and tonk charge
of religious meetings at Milestown, near Philadel-
phia, out of which the Union Baptist church was
ecjnstituted in November, 1833, of which he became
the (irst pastor. He was ordained Feb. 19, 1835.
During this year he coiumenced a course of study
in Creek, theology, etc., under the late Uev. Dr.
W. T. Brantly, Sr., of Philadelphia, which was
persevoringly continued, with other duties, for sev-
eral years.

In Jlay, 1834, Mr. Young began preneliing at
Chestnut Hill as an out-station. There was lU)
Baptist eliurch nearer than Kuxbiircjugh. As-
sisted by the pastor ol' that church, — the Kev. D.
A. Nichols, — evening meetings were hcdd during
the month of August.

After ten evenings thus spent, eleven persons

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VOUNG

1287

YOVNG

rchitoj tlioir " uxperieiice" uiul wero bajitizod,
Miss M. A. (iillifit, now Mrs. Yoiim>;, licr I'litliei-,
tliu laic lioiioroil Deacon Israel (iilbi^rt, lier niotlKU-
and liiotlicr, tlio lato J)i-. Jonatlian (jilliui't, buinj^
anionic tlie cundiJatos.

From tliose meetings the Chestnut Hill Baptist
chiireli was summoniid into life, und leuognized
Sept. 17, 1834, of whieli Mr. Voun^ tuolc cliarge
Jan. 1, 1830. This pastorate was continued ibr
fourteen years. Here lie lirst developed to all that
became acquainted with him his now well-known
character, — that "of a man above reproaidi or
doubt," — of pure, humble, prayerful, consistent,
and earnest life.

His labors during this period were abundant in
his own [larish and in several outlyinj; stations.
. In 1835, by his e.tcrtions and by the liberality of
his fathiu'-in-law. Deacon Gilbert, aniiil much op-
position, the Baptist meeting-house of Chestnnt
Hill was built. For about eighteen months, while
lalioring in Chestnut llill, Mr. Young preached
for the church at Mount Pleasant, and during that
time its. membership was doubled. About this time
also he held Sabbath afternoon and week-day even-
ing services in the Meunonitechapid and elsmvhero
at Germaritown, which resulted in the lirst ba|itism
there, that of a IMrs. Fisher, of School Lane, who
afterwards united with the church at " the Ilill."
For four years he alternated wicli the \i^'.\'. Horatio
G. Jones, D.D., in supplying the church at Balli-
gomingo on Sunday afternoons, and in adminis-
tering the ordinances. Subsei|uently, Mr. Young
began preaching on Lord's day afternoons, and oc-
casionally during the week, iu the "school-house"
at Cij\A Point, in Plymouth, Montgomery Co. By
subscriptions, which he obtained, he bought a lot,
and built the first bouse of w(n'ship there, bap-
tizing about forty converts, who retained their
niemljership at Ciuistiuit Ilill until the Plymouth
church was organised. In Ajiril, 1838. Mr. Young
had the privilege of baptizing the first seven per-
sons at the Falls of Schuylkill, the germ of the
present church there. On the 20th of May, 1845,
Mr. Young baptized Christopher Carr, aged one
hundred and one years, a veteran of the Kevolu-
tion, and, at the same time, his great-granddaugh-
ter, ag(!d eleven years, while, on another occasion,
ho administered the rite to a household, consist-
ing of Capt. John Huston, his wife, and f.iiir
daughters.

On the 1st of October, 1849, Mr. Young removed
to the First Baptist church of Salem, N. J., where
he had a successful pastorate of five years. The
church was much strengtliened, and 101 jiersons
were added by baptism. Through his ellbrts most
of the debt thi'ii remaining (jii the church edilice
was paid, and by his suggestion an attempt was
made, by the call of a convention, to establish a

school " of higher grade" within the jurisdiction
and under the control of the West Jersey Baptist
Association.

In'.Vpril, 18'i2, an educational committee was
appointed, the rear lecture-room of the Salem
church was litted up for sclioid jiurposes, and, dur-
ing the lirst year, sixty pupils were in attendance.
Soon, Injwcver, this promising enterprise, so dear
to the heart of its moving spirit, was for the time
abandoneir; but it was again renewed in 1805, and
became the llouiishiiig Smith .lersey Institute, hj-
catt'd at Bridgeton.

Mr. Young remained at Salem until October,
1854, when he letunied to Chestnut Hill, and r(!-
biiilt their ]ircseiit neat meeting-house, and gath-
ered the scattered lloek.

In March, 185'j, at the request of the Baptist
Comuiittee on City Missions, he left '' the llill,-"
and went to the nineteenth ward, Philadelphia,
and the following May organized the present
Frankford Avenue Ba])tist church, with twenty-six
constituent members. Here he remained till De-
cember, 1801, when the church numbered 125.

On the 1st of January. 1802, he took charge of
the church at lladdonliehl, N. .1. In this exten-
sive Held he has since labored with the most sub-
stantial success. The church property has been
greatly improved, a debt resting upon it liquidated,
and an elegant parsonage provided. To the single
Lord's day school, held in the lectnre-i'oom of the
church, live mission schools, at various points, have
been added, and they are all llourishing, while more
than 300 converts have been baptized.

Outside of the church, too, here, as in his other
parishes, his influence for good has developed itself
iu various ways, but in none, perhaps, more prom-
inently than as the ever outspoken and uncompro-
mising foe of the demon of intemperance.

As a preacher, Mr. Young is one of a type too
fast passing away. His sermons evince careful
preparation, abound in Scriptural quotations, and,
though intensely Baptistic, are full of generous
sentiments to men of different opinions from his
own. His voice is pleasantly modulated, his enun-
ciation clear, and his manner in the |)ulpit is sol-
emn and impressive. He has now spent about
forty-eight years in the pastoral ollice, baptizing
more than twenty converts in each year of liis
ministry. '• He is still," in the words of a brother
clergyman, " vigilant and earnest in the Master's
service, and with little apparent abatement of his
early vigor for the work he so much loves."

Young-, William Mcintosh, D.D., was a na-
tive of Edinburgh, Scotland. At a very early age
he was brought to this country by an uncle, who
resided at Prince Edward Island, and with whom
he remained but a short time, as he soon learned
that it was the intention of bis uncle to have liiiu

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ZKALY

1288

Z ION'S ADVOCATE

trained for tlie Catliolie prieatliooJ, Fillod with
disgust, lie left liim to dwell among strangers.
Finding his way to Providence, K. I., he was soon
converted and liapti/.ed. lie believed that he was
called of God to preach Christ, and at the Ac-
ademical School in Worcester, Mass., he prepared
himself to enter Colunihian College, from which
he graduated with honor, and was chosen class
orator. His first charge was near Norfolk, Va.

From this place he removed to Williamsburg,
^^l., and iift(,'rwards to Wilmington, N. C. Leav-
ing the South, he came to Pittsburgh, Pa., where
he rema"ined several years. S]ient one year in Oil
City, Pa., two years in Woburn, Mass., and, after
a pastorate of nearly four years in Rleadville, Pa.,
he was called to Cheyenne, Wyoming, wlnn-e, alter
organizing a church, he was suddenly called to his
reward Feb. 20, IST'J.

>-4HcMi£si#-«-

z.

Zealy, J. T., D.D., late pastor at Jackson, l\Iiss.,
was born in South Carolina in 1S30; educated in
the Military School of South Carolina; ordained
at Beaufort in 1851 ; was some time pastor at Tal-
ahassee, Fla. ; Clieraw, S. C. : five years pastor at
Columbia, S. C. ; during the war was president of
several female colleges; in 1 SOS became pastor at
Houston, Te.xas, where he continued .seven years ;
was then calleil to Jackson, Miss., where he cou-
tinu(!d until recently.

Zion's Advocate, a weekly religious paper, the
organ of tlu^ Haptist. denomination in the State of
!Mairie. The first number of this paper was pub-
lished Nov. 11, 1828, under tint editorial manage-
ment of Kev. Adam Wilson, who, with great cour-
age and sclfdenial, conducted its affairs for ten
j'ears. It then came into the hands of llev. Joseph
llicker, whose connection with it continued until
Dec. 27, 1842, when l)r. Wilson resumed the edi-
torial chair, having as assistant Rev. Lewis Colby,
at the time pastor of the Free Street church in
Portland. Mr. Colby held this relation a few
months only, and until the pajior was sold, in 1848,
Dr. Wilson was sole editor. The Advocate having
been purcha.sed by Jlr., now Prof., S. K. Smith,
of Colby University, the first number under his
management wa.s issued Sept. 1, 1848, and the
paper was enlarged to seven columns instead of
six, and was called Ziuii'x Advocate and Eastern
)ValchnMa, the name which it now bears. Jlr.
Smith held his ollice until his election to a profes-
sorship in Waterville College, when the paper came
into the hands of Mr., now Prof., J.' B. Foster, who

had charge of it for eight years, when his election
to a professorship in 'Waterville College led to his
.resignation and the transfer by purchase to Kev.
W. H. Sliailer, D.D., then pastor of the First Bap-
tist church in Portland. Mr. J. W. Colard was
aasociiCte editor with Dr. Shailer during nearly the
entire period of the latter gentleman's connection
with the paper. The office of the Advocate was
burned at the time of the great fire in Portland,
July 4, ISGG. Fortunately, the paper of that week
had been sent out, and the next week a small sheet
was issued. The paper resumed its old size the
week following. Thus there has been uo break in
the weekly issue of the pa])er since its commence-
ment in 1828. 'i'he present editor and proprietor,
llev. Henry S. Burrage, a graduate of Brown Uni-
versity of the class of 1861, purchased the paper
from Rev. Dr. Shailer in September, 1873, and en-
tered upon his editorial duties October 22 of that
year. In April, 1877, the paper was enlarged to
its present eight-column size, and it has entered
upon the second half-century of it.s existence,
taking a place among the best denominational pa-
pers in the country. It has had, and now has, a
valuable class of contributors to its pages. 'J'ho
influence it has had in the enlargement and eleva-
tion of the Baptist churches in Maine has been
very great. While kind and courteous in spirit,
it has unflinchingly maintained what it has sin-
cerely believed was " the faith once delivered to the
saints." Conducted in the same spirit, for the
future it will continue to he worthy of the best
patronage the Baptists of Maine can give to.it.

■A

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SUPPLEMENT.

A.

Adams, Robert John, D.D., was born in North
Graiiville, N. Y., in Scptembei-, 1S29, and was a
graduate of Williams College in tlie class of 185o,
and of the Rochester Theological Seminary in the
class of 18.J5. He was ordained as jiastor of the
church in AViiUingford, Conn., in October, 1855,
and remained there not far from fourteen years, lie
accepted a call to the pastorate of the church in
llolyoko, Mass., in the autumn of 1809, where lie
still remains, the lieloved and successful pastor of
a church which has been greatly prospered during
his ministry. By his ability, prudence, and fidelity
he has nuide the two churches which he has served,
the one for fourteen years and the other up to this
time (188"2) for thirteen years, to reaii the advan-
tages which grow out of a long-eontinned pastorate.
He has published fpiite a number of discourses,
two of which, oil Baptist principles, have been
widely ('irculated, one of them having been trans-
lated into the German lor the use of the German
Baptist churches. For several years he has been
a member of the board of the ^Missionary Union,
and of the board of trustees of Worcester Academy.
Bruwn University, in 1875, conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Adams, who is
now in the prime of his vigor and strength, occu-
pies a prominent ]dace among the leaders of his
denomination in Massachusetts, and is honored as
a faithful minister nf Christ.

Alderson, Rev. John, was born in Yorkshire,
England, in HiU'.l. His father, Bcv. John Aider-
son, was a minister of respectable standing in
bis denomination. Ilis son, the subject of this
notice, was a wayward youth, and, at the age of
nineteen or twenty, came to America on board a
.I5ritisli man-of-war. Locating in New Jersey, near
the old liotlilehem church, ho worked in the liehl liir
a respectable farmer by the niiiiio of Curtis, whose
favor he secured, and whoso daughter he married.

Having em))raced the Saviour in the fullness of

his heart, he was baptized, and received into the

.Bethlehem church. Possessing a clear intellect

and a heart deeply imbued by divine grace, ho

was encouraged to give himself to the ministry of

8:!

the Word. At length he was sent 'forth as a
herald of the Cross by his church.

Thomas Hollis, of London, who was noted in his
day for aiding Baptist ministers with good books,
had presented Uev. John Alderson, of Yorkshire,
with several volumes, among which were " Reach
on the Parables," " Keacli on Scripture Meta-
phors," large folio, and " Cottin's Concordance,"
quarto, London, 1G35. The aged fixther sent these
books to his son as an evidence of his inexpressible
pleasure in learning that ho had changed his man-
ner of life and was now a preacher of the gospel.
Mr. Alderson removed tii (leniiantown, and here
continued in the ministrv until 1755, when he lo-
cated in Ruckinghaiii ('n., \'a.

This frontier country had been previously vis-
ited liy himself, Benjamin GriHith, Samuel Katon,
and Jdhn <.!ario. On the urgent solicitation of the
fi'w brethren there Mr. Alderson was induced to
settle as their ])reaclier, and on the fith of August,
1750, ho was instrumental in organizing them into
a church, called Smith's and Linville (U'cek church.

A little Baptist church, which became extinct,
existed in the Isle of Wiglit Cuunty in 1714. The
Opeckon was constituted, in Berkeley County, in
1743, and this church, constituted by INIr. Aider-
son, was the third that had a name in the State of
Virginia. Though twice dispersed by the inroads
of the Indians, "after two or thn^e years," says
Semph;, the historian, '' they rallied again, and put
their church matters in regular order. On the 12th
of OctoiKU-, 1702, Mr. Alderson attended the meet-
ing of tho Philadelphia Association, when his church
was received as a member of that body." Subsc-
cpiently, Mr. Alderson removed to Botetourt Co.,
Va. Like many of the early l!a])tist ministers of
that State, lie did not esi-apc persecution. Hi: was
imprisoned in tlu^jail at Finca^tl(^ He died in 1781,
in the eighty-third year of his age, and Was buried
in the grave-yard of his neighborhood, afterwards
abandoned and overgrown with tall oaks, with
neither hillock nor stone to mark his resting-place.

Alderson, Rev. L. A., was one of the ellicient
pioneer Ba|itists of Kansas. He resides now at

]28'J

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" 1- ._>

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-Jl'l ,Vil"l''l t ■!

ALEXANDER

1200

ALLISON

Atcliison. llo s;iya, "On oiio Sunday inoniing in
August, 1S3U, wluMi I wii.s cii;litC(Mi yoai'S ol'a^L', and
was just closing; my Sopliuuiui'e year at tin; Uni-
versity of Oliii), my ruOMi-iiiato lianded me a copy
of Doddridge's ' Kise ami Progress,' requesting* mo
to read it until tlic nine ti'eloek b(dl wiiould ring
for ]iray(.'rs. I'lritirely out id' respcM't to liim 1 eom-
muiiecd reading at tlie lirst |iag<i, inlrnding to push
the ho(di aside and take up another woi'k. JJefore
(inisliing tiio seeond page I was surprised to find
myself weeping, and in a few minutes, while reading
the third page, there camo upon ino sueh a erusli-
ing sense of my sinfulness in the sight of God that
I was most miserable, and remained six or seven
days without peaee until the perusal of a small
tract of the American Tract Society opened up the
way of life so plain that I was enabled to trust in
the Saviour.

"Schooled among the I'resby terians, and all my
associates being connected witli that denomination,
I expected tn uiiife with them. To strengthen me
in my purpose I read one of tlie ablest books then
in pcjpular use in favor of infant membership and
sprinkling, liut it occurred to me tluit it would
be well to read something on the other side. I
called upon our professor of mathematics, who a
year or two before had astonished our faculty by
joining the liaptists. I asked him for something
to read on the Baptist side of the question, lie
8tei)ped to his library and took down a small 'Testa-
ment. ' Here,' said he, ' is the best book I can
give you on that snijject.'

"I returned to my room resolved to road the
New Testament through and mark every passage
tliat seemed' to have a bearing on the mode and
subjects of baptism. Before getting to the Acts of
the Apostles my mind was fully nnide up. I re-
turned to my old home in ^V'estern Virginia, and
in May, 1S32, 1 was baptized into the followsiiip of
theGreenbrier Baptist church by Uev. Y. M. Mason.
On the loth day of September, 1834, I was ordained
by Rev. Alexander Freeman, Uev. William C.
Ligon, and l\ev. Scervant Jones, at the old Green-
brier church."

Alexander, Rev. John, was born Jan. 30, 1829,
in the cily of t^biebec. Ills ])arents, who were
Scoteli Presbyterians, died when he was yet an in-
fant. Converted in 184.'!), he at once consecrated
Inmsclf to God (or the ministry, and in 1840 ho en-
tered KtU)X College (Presbyterian), Toronto, wdierc
he completed the course of live years then pre-
scribed, with a partial attendance at King's (now
University) College. In 1851 he was ordained pas-
tor of the Free Presbyterian church, Niagara, On-
tario. From thence, in I8')4, he nunoved to Brant-
ford, ■where he fornn-d what is now known as '/ion
I'resbyterian chnn h, and si'enred the erection of
the fine edifice owned liy tlnit body. Wliile in

Brantford, in obedience to Christ and conscience,
ho left the Presbyterian communion, and was bap-
tized, i.n December, ISilU, by the late Dr. Fyfc, be-
coming a member and, in a lew weeks, pastor of

!'-Mi^U%

REV. .lOMN AI.EX.\NnElt. ' •'

the First Baptist church. In 18(']3 he was called
to the First church, Montreal, where he remained
seven years, when he returned to Brantford, and
aided in forming the Tabernacle Baptist church.
Five years later lie took charge of another new in-
terest in the same city, now the ICast Waid church.
He snbsecpiently spoilt a shurt time in advocating
the cause of the Grand Ligne Mission, tlireo months
with the church in Ottawa, 111., and a year and a
half as pastor in Simeoe, Ontario. He entered
upon his present ]iastorate at Biijckville, Ontario,
in response to a twice-repeated call. Mr. Alexan-
der is one of the most useful and honored men in
the Baptist ministry in Canada. His work in
Brantford and Montreal was specially fruitful, and
laid the foundation id' much of the ]]rescnt ]U-osper-
ity of the cause in those cities. For seven years lie
was secretary of the Kastevn Heme Missionary Con-
vention and of the Sunday-School Ui'iion, and )iresi-
dent of the Grande Ligno Mission, in whicii objecl.s-
ho took a very deep and ]iractical interest.

Allison, Rev. J. V., of Pawnee Rock, Kan.Mis,
was born in ISl.j, in Western Pennsylvania; edu-
cated in Philadelphia, and ordained in I84lt, and
settled as p.astor at Willistown. His next charge
was that of Vincent liaptist church at Chester
Springs, in the same county. Fnun his pastorate
at Vini:eiit he was called by the bo.ird of the Pcnn-

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ALWARD

1201

ANDREIFS

sylviiniii Biiptiat (convention to serve aa liniineiiil
secretary, ami two years later was apiiuiiited l)y the
board ol' trustees of tlic university at Lewisljiirg
financial agent oC tliat inslitntion. Alter two years
of service on jjelialf of tlie nniversity lie acee|ited
a call from the Hlockley Baptist clmrcli, Pliiladel-
pliia, from whicli he removed to Mount Carroll,
111., and labored in the northern part of the State
as missionary and pastor for a period of twenty-
four years, organizing three churches and building
four meeting-houses. In 187-1, entirely prostrated
physically, and with but faint hope of ever being
able to labor in the ministry again, he resigned
his charge, and the following year removed to his
present location in the Arkansas Valley, Kansas.
Ijut the change ofeliniato wonderfully restored his
health, and he is now (April, ISSl) actively en-
gaged in the work of the ministry under the patron-
age of the American Baptist lloiuc Mission .Society,
having four young churches — Raymond, Pawnee
Rock, Larni'd, and Walnut — utider his charge,
three of which, and one other, having been organ-
ized under his labors.

Alward, Rev. Ephraim, was born in New

Brnnswiek, June 2, In;!i). \l\s parents removed to
Ohio in his infancy, and he was oonviirtod at four-
teen. At the age of eighteen he removed to St.
Joseph, Alo., where he was l)aptized in January,
1S4'J. Soon after this he entered William Jewell
College, Mo., from which he graduated in lSa5.
About the time of leaving college he was ordaiimd.
lie removed to Kansas in January, KS58, and was
the first Baptist minister that located in Northeast
Kansas, and for four consecutive years was 'the
itinerant missionary of the Anierican Baptist Home
Mission Society in tiiat region. He has been pias-
ter of the Baptist churches at Springfiidd, Mo., at
Red Uak, Iowa, and in Kansas at Burlingame, To-
peka, Hiawatha, and Wathena.

Anable, Courtland W., D.D., was born in
Betbl.licm, Alh.any Co., X. Y., being a descendant
of Antluniy Aruible, of Kent, England, who set-
tled in Plymouth, Mass., in ltj23, and subserjuently
resided in Scituate and Barnstable, JMass., securing
and retaining for many years the respect of his
fellow-citizens, who called him to fill nii)rc than
one positicjn of honorable trust and service. He,
moreover, distinguished himsidf as the warm friend
of religious freedom, and transmitted it to some,
at least, of his posterity, which led them to connect
themselves with tlii^ Baptists, a denomination whoso
motto is, '• Lilxn-ty of conscience to all nuui." The
subject of this sketch was a graduate of Union
College, Schenectady, N. Y., in the class of ISIG.
Head law, and was ailmitted to tho liar in Phila-
delphia in 1<S')0, remaining in practice until ]S.').3,
then studied theology, graduating from the 'I'ln-o-
logical I)e|iartment of IMadison University, N. Y.,

in I8.')-1. He was ordained pastor of tho First
Baptist church, (Jernnintown, Pa., in Feliruary,
lS5u, where he remaiiu'd until I'ebruary, USoG,
when he became pastor of the \V'asliington Ave-
nue church, Brooklyn, N. Y'., continuing in this
position six years. In 1SG3 he acce[ited a call to
the old Can! bridge, Mass., church, where he re-
mained until 1.S72, wdien he removeil to North
Adams, where his ministry was one of remarkable
success. In 1877 ho accepted a call to the First
church in Springfield, Mass., his pastorate continu-
ing until April, 1882, when it was terminated by
his resignation. Union College conferred on him
the degree of D.T). in 1867. l>r. Anable has bap-
tized during his ministry U]) to this date (Novem-
ber, 1882) between si.K and seven hundi'ed per-
sons.

Andrews, Rev. Elisha, was born at Middle-
town, C(mn,, Srpt. 2'.), 17i'i8. At twelve year;^ of
age ho removed with his parents to Vermont. Ilia
father, in his early yeai's, was a teacher and sur-
veyor, and as l'"ili.-.lia acquired knowledge with re-
iiiiirkable facility, it is not surprising that while
3'et a boy he became master of the art of surveying,
had dipjied a little into Latin, and was cc.pm|ietent
to impart all the instruction required in the district
schools of that day.

When about seventeen he removed to Galway,
Saratoga Co., N. Y., where he followed both the
occupations of his father for several years, residing
during this period with a pious aunt, through whose
godly counsels he received such convictions as ulti-
mately led him to the Saviour. At nineteen he com-
menced to preach, and, in 1703 he was ordained
pastor of the church in Fairfax, Vt., where he re-
mained until the winter of 1706, when he located
in Ilopkinton, N. H., for about a year, and then
transferred his residence to Nottingham AVest (now
Hudson). Karly in ISdO ho took charge of the
church in Templeton, Mass. ; at this period .the
churches were few in number, and churcii members
were widely scattered, — the 'i'empleton church had
members in twelve or fifteen towns. For fourteen
years he liad regular iippointments at Ilolden,
twenty miles distant; at Barro, about twelve; at
Athol, about ten, sehlom passing and repassing
without ]iroaching at iiiterini'diate stations. He
visited Ilolden each month forfourtixn years, except
once on account of sickness ; he was equally regu-
lar though less frequent in his visits to Barro and
Athol. In Jiiost of the towns in which his mem-
bers resided Bajitist ehurehes have since been
formed, and in nearly or quite every case some of
their constituent members were led to Christ
through liis instrumentality. At least twelve
churches now oceu]iy the ground over which his pas-
t(U-al labors extended during the first ten years of
his residence in 'J'emiileton, and be is still reuu'm-

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ARNOLD

1292

ASl'LUND

boi-eil in that wliolo region us tlic Apostlu of tlic
Hiiptists.

In Fcliruary, ISKJ, Mr. Andrews runiuvcil to
Iliiisilale, N. 11., where the Bapti.-it was the only
cluireli in tlie town, and whore tor several years ho
ministered to Baptists and otiiers. Subsequently,
niidcr three several appointments from tiie Massa-
chnsetts Baptist Missionary Society, lie traveled
widely in the now and destitute parts of the State of
Now York. Afterwards lie proaohod at I'rincoton,
Li'oiiiinster, Tempteton, and South (jardiner, Mass.,
whore he gathered a church, and at Hinsdale,
where he was regarded as the senior pastor, until
the close of his life. He died Feb. 3, 1840.

Mr. Andrews possessed i;reat native ability, a
familiar ac(iuaintance with Latin, (ireek, Hebrew,
and (jiorman. and a very extensive knowledf^e of
books upon all subjects. His theological informa-
tion was reniiirkabhi. He was frequently invited to
pi'each upon jiublic occasions, and he was honored
over New England as one of the purest and most
useful men in the Baptist denomination.

Among tlic puliiished writings of Mr. Andrews
are "The Jloral Tendencies of Univcrsalism,"
'' A Review of Winclicster's Dialogues on Universal
Restoration," " A Vindication of the Distinguisliing
Sentiments of the Baptists, etc.," " xV Brief Reply
to James BiekerstatFs Siiort Epistle to the Bap-
tists," " A Review of Jolin AVesley's Tract on Fail-
ing from Grace," " Strictures on the Rev. Mr.
Brooks' Essay on Terms of Communion."

Two of liis sons, Elislia and Er;istus, entered the
ministry, and liis grandson is the highly esteemed
Prof. E. 15. Andrews, of Newton Theological Insti-
tution.

Arnold, Hon. Welcome, was born in Smith-
field, K. I., Feb. .'), IT-lo. He took up his residoneo
iu Providence, where he commenced business as a
commission merchant. His industry and aljility
arrested the attention of President Manning, of
Brown University, in whose church — the First
Baptist — he was a worshipper. As the war of the
Revolution came on, Mr. Arnold being now alone
in business, began to develop still more strikingly
his talents as a merchant. He entered into navi-
gation extensively, and was so largely interested in
the ownership of vessels that it is xmA that, allluiugh
he accumulated a handsome fortune as the result
of his enterprise, thirty vessels were captured by
the British or lost in some way during the (icriod
of the war of each of wliieh ho was a part owner.
He represented tlir town sevi ral years in the (Gen-
eral Assembly, and four times was elected Speaker
of. the House. Had he chosen he might, without
doubt, have been elected governor of tlu' Slate.
For thiii position, however, he had no special am-

bition, his large business requiring so much atten-
tion that he couhl not command the time to attend
to the duties of the ollioe. Although not a nuaii-
ber of the church, Mr. Arnold wa^ a decided and
pronounced Baptist, and liberally contributed, like
his fellow-merchants of the Brown family, in sus-
taining public worshi)) in the new sam^tuary, in
the erection of which ho took a deep interest. He
was a personal friend of Ijoth President Manning
and Priisident Ma.icy, and gave generously to the
funds of Brown University, of whicii he vt'as a
trustee from 1783 to his death, which occurred
Sept. 30, 1798. Among his descendants may be
mentioned the name of his grandson, the late
Hon. S. 0. Arnold, a sketch of whose life may be
found in the " Encyclopedia." Among the Bap-
tist laymen of Rhode Island lie takes a worthy
place, and iiis memory is respected in liis adopted
home.

Arthur, William, D.L., was born in County
Antrim, of Scotch-Irish stock, a people whoso
descendants have given tiio United States several
presidents, many valiant soldiers, and hosts of
useful citizens. Mr. Arthur was a graduate of
Belfast College. He came to the United States in
his oighteentji year, and entered the Baptist min-
istry. From 185-5 to 1863 he was pastor of the
Calvary church in New York. He served the
churches at Bennington, Hinesburg, Fairfield, and
Willistown, Vt. ; and at York, Perry, Greenwich,
Schenectady, Lansingburg, Iloosic, West Troy,
and Newtonville, N. Y., where lie died in October,
1875. Dr. Arthur was an author of extensive
learning, and a minister of great usefulness and
yjiety. His distinguished son, Chester A. Arthur,
is now President of the United States.

Asplund, Rev. John, was bom in Sweden ; came
to England in I7T">; v\ as in the Tiritish navy for
some time, from wlii<'h he deserted, and settled in
North Carolina. He joined the Baptist church at
Ballard's Bridge, Chowan Co., in 1782; removed
to Southampton, Va., and Was ordained. In 1791-
94 ho |)ublished his tirst and second " Baptist Reg-
ister." In these two productions he treasured up
invalualilo statistics of the Baptist denomination.
Morgan Edwards, Isaac Backus, R. B. Semple, and
John Asplund are the greatest historical benefactors
of American Baptists. He says "lie made a tour
of the Baptist churches to obtain the necessary in-
formation (for his work). He traveled about 7000
miles in about eighteen months, fhirjii/ ait fuut,
and visited about 215 chur.-iirs and lil'toi'U Associa-
tions." (Introduction to his " Regifter ' for 1791.)
He was drowned in Fishing Cieid<, Va., in IS07,
while attempting to cross it. 'I'lie literary work
of this Swedish- American is rare and costly.

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BALCOM

1293

BERUY

B.

Balcom, Rev. George, was \nm\ at Oxloid, i

Clieiianno Co., N. V., ami was a bnither <ii' llie lato
lion. KaiibOm Bulooiii, un5iiij;liaiiitoii,,aiKl of Hcv.
B. F. IJalcom, of .Steuben Co., N. Y. Converted
al'tei' lie had roaeliud the niatiiiity of early iiian-
liood and assumed the, re.spoiisibilities of life, he
gave hiaiself to the ministry with all the ardor of
his large heart.

In his native State he labored with marked sue-'
cess, especially as an evangelist. llemovin*^ to
Kansas in 1S70. hi; devoted himself to the Master's
■work with his aeeiistomed zi'al, aiding pastors in
special meetings and hiboriiig with much self-de-
nial am()i;g the feeble clni relies luid in the destitute
regions on the frontier. Ihiring his ministry of
twenty-seven years he baptized more than 2ll(Kl,
and several converted under his labors are now
])reaehirig the gospel. lie died in Cawker City,
Kansas, Dee. 21, 1S79, in liis lifty-seventh year.

Barksdale, Judge W. R., of Ilalifa.x Co., Va.,

is only thii'ty years of age, but he has attained an
enviable reputation as a scholar, a jurist, and an
active Christian, lie is the moderator of his dis-
trict Association, a vice-president of the Baptist
General Association of Virginia, and a great worker
in every good cause. His friends predict for liim
a brilliant career.
Barksdale, Rev. W. H., A.M., so long and

favorably known in 'Ceiinessee, .\labama, iMissis-
sippi, and Arkansas, the fields of his laljors, was
born Feb. I'J, 1827, in Uutlicrford Co., 'J'enn. The
subject of this sketch was brought u)i by his
grandparents, to whom he was given by liis dying
mother at three years of age, with a rc(|Uest that
he should be reared fur the Lord. Nobly was this
promise kept liy the aged grandmother, wdio sur-
vived her husband. Often under her religimis in-
structions was tile heart of her little grandson
melted, and to such an extent that he would go ofl'
by himself in the grove lor praysr wluui quite a
child. When Union University was only in its
infancy, a mere academy, hi; attendeil it, Ijut left
before the erection of its spacious building for
Ueurgetown, Ky., under the presidency of l^r.
Howard Malconi. IJiit financial embarrassment
m.ide it neiH'ssary for him to resort to teaching ln'-
Ibre he completed his course, so returning to Ten-
nossee, lie taught and prosecuted his studies until
.at length the degree iif A.M. was conferred by
Union University, under the presidency of the be-
loved Dr. .fosepli II. I'laton. He was ordained in j

IviUherford, Tenii., by a Presbytery consisting of
lir. .J. II. i'laton and l\evs. -John Harris and .). l>.
Hale. After preaching in various ehurelies and
towns in Alabama, .Mississippi, and Arkansas, he
has located in the suburbs of the city of iNIemphis,
iind preaches at Bartlett and Brunswick, Tenn.,
on tlie Memphis and Louisville Railroad, and at
Osceola and Fulton, Tenn., on the Father of ^^Uers.
Mr. Barksdale is a minister of much worth and use-
fulnes.-'.

Beale, Rev. Geo. Wm., is a young man in
whose face there are mingled the signs of manly
strength and unallected liumility. He could lead
a forlorn hope without faltering, and then kneel
down by a dying soldier and ph'ad for his salvation.
Keared in elegance and relinuiiient, he is a good
soldier of Christ, and despises any pleasure that
stands in the way of duty.

He is a native of the Northern Neck, a section
of Virginia famous for the iiuniljer, intelligence,
and activity of its Bajitists. He is the son of Gen.
Beale, at jiresent a member of Congress from that
district, who is himself an humble and zealous
Christian gentleman. That he has been well trained
for bis work is satisfactorily evinced by his minis-
terial record. The opening years of his public life
were s]ient in the section that gave liim birth.
While there he baptized his own father and a
younger brother, who is now one of our most la-
borious and useful young preachers. For several
years he was pastor in the city of Georgetown, and
though it is most unfruitful soil for Ba|,itist seed,
he did much to elevate and strengthen a struggling
cause. He was warmly esteemed liy his little
church, and it was a bitter trial for them to give
him up.

Two years ago ho removed to Halifax County
and assumed charge of the churches at the Court-
house and Black ^Valnut, in which he has made a
most favorable impressinn. He is a preacher of
marked ability. Those who know him intimately
testify to his deep)iiety, and upon that fact mainly
must rest his usefulness. It is only the man who)n
Guil hears when he jirays that the people will heed
when he preaches.

Berry, Rev. Philip, was born near Hacken-
sack, N. .1., Fidi. Ui, 18ii7. His parents were of
Huguenotic descent (Berri and Uomeyn), and were
strii't members of the lieformed l>utch Church. He
graduated at Rutgers College, N. .1., in 1S57, and
at the Theological .Seminary in that place in I860.

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1294

BIGELOW

Diiriiiij; liis tlieulcigifal course lie jiiiid a visit to
GoriiKiiiy, ami on his return w:is sliipwrockiMt by
the hiirniii;^^ uf the stCiUiier "Austria," of the
llaiiiliiirir line, in whieli catastrophe liUO jjersons
perished and but ^S.S were saved. Tiie shoelc ru-
ceiveil by tliis accident was so severe tliat he never
recovered from it. His first settleiiient ai'tcr fjrad-
ualioii was at (I rand Ivapids, Mich. In ISG:_> he
was eOMiijiissioned by the Anun-ic^an Huard as a
missionary to Syria. Here he hibored for two
years, greatly enjoyin;;- the work; besides ac-
qniring the Arabic language, he laid in stores of
knowle-dge of the greatest value in Scriptural in-
terpretation. I5nt owing to the enervating clTect
of the climate, both upon himself and upoTi l\Irs.
Berry* they returned to this country in the autumn
of LS05. For si.'i years al'ter this he laljored in
preaching and teaching among the Pedobaptists.
At length his views on baptism, which for' twelve
or lifteen ycar.s had caused him grave doubts and
dilliculties, were submitted to the test of Scripture
alone, and he was baptized into the fidlowship of
the Second IJaptist church, Worcester, .Mass., in
February, 1872. After laboring in Massachusetts
for live years in ])reaching the gospel, he was
chosen assistant editor of the National iiii}ilhl in
the spring of 1S7S. His special work on the paper
13 the conducting of the Bible School and the Liter-
ary Department.

Mr. Berry is a man of devoted piety, and of
great usefulness.

Beugless, Rev. J. D., was born in Delaware
Co., I'a., Oct. 18, 18o5. In hi.s eighteenth year,
his father having rein(jve(l to I'hiladclphia, he be-
came acquainted with the 15aplists, and he was so
thoroughly convinced of tin; harmony of their prin-
ciples with divine revelation that the following
year, upon a profession of faith, he was baptized
into the fellowship of the Kleventii Baptist church,
Philadelphia. In IS.JG he entered the university
at Lewishurg, from which he graduated in 1860.

After leaving the university he was for a time
an assistant to the editor of the Cliristiaa C/d-oh-
iclc, the Baptist paper of Pennsylvania. Subse-
quently he was ordained as pastor of the Pawtuxct
cliurch of Rhode Island. Then he served as chap-
lain of the 2d B. I. Infantry until wounded in the
battle of the Wilderness. He was mustered out of
the volunteer service with his regiment in June,
1864, and was commissioned by President Lincoln
u chaplain in the mivy July 2, 1804, which jiosition
he still holds. He has seen active service in peace
and war in almost all the himls and waters of the
globe. He particijiatcd in the two assaults on Fort
Fisher.

1((^ is president of the Association of Naval
Cha|dainsof the United States, an organization hav-
ing for its object the increased olliciency of the corps.

Chaplain Beugless has culture, intellect, and
piety ; he is fitted by character, genius, and broad
education for any position in his profession on sea
or on hiniK

Bevail, Isaac, D.D,, was born in South Wales,
Jan. 27, IM I. He was converted at seventeen and
baptized ; commenced preaching at nineteen ; was
ordained at twenty-one, and immediately left for
this country. His parei\ts were worthy members
of the Baptist Church.

Very soon after his aii-ival in the United States
he went to Cold S|)ring, N. Y. His lirst p;ist(jrate
was In Fishkill Plains, and continued seven years.
In connection with his laljors on this field he did
considerable work that was blessed of (iod at Bed
Mills, Carniel, Patterson, Stanford, Pine Plains,
Amcnia, Pleasant A'alley, Matteawan. and Wap-
pinger's Falls. In connection with these labors
the following churches were organized : Cold
Spring, Putiuun Valley, Matteawan, ^V'appinger's
Falls, and Beeknian. After this he was [jastor at
Amenia two years ; at Bhinebcck and Tivoli nearly
six, and at Hamilton two.

In the State of Pennsylvania his pastorates have
been at Beading, eiglit years ; at Scranton, ten
years ; at Clark's Green and Hyde Park, ten years.
For part of two j'ears he was corresponding secre-
tary of the Pennsylvania Baptist State Convention.

Few men have nrizeil more highly the privilege
of yireaching the gospel. His courteous bearing
towards all Christians of whatever name, coupled
with an unllinching adherence to truth, endeared
him to thousands who listened to his preaching.

Bigelow, John Flavel, D.D., was b(jrn in Pax-
ton, .Ma.^s., April I'), Isbs. He was educated at
AVorcester Academy, Brown University, Columbia
College, and at the Berlin University, (icrmany.
He received A.M. from Bochester University, and
D.D. from the University of \'ermont. He has
been pastor at Bristol, B. I., where he was or-
dained in June, 184S, and of the Centi-al church,
"Middleborough, Mass., Keeseville, N. Y., and St.
Albans, Vt., which he established.

He has published several discourses, among
which are the "The Hand of Cod in American
History," <lelivered at the New Hampton Institu-
tion, Fairfax, •Vt., and '"The Progress of the
American Bepublic," delivered at the centennial
of his native place. He has always been inter-
ested in educational aflaiis, and was twelve years
associate ijriucipal with his brother, George X.
Bigelow, of the Atlii'muum Seminary for Y(mng
Ladies, Brooklyn, N. Y. He is engaged on a
"Synthetic Method of Study," to enable the
younger ministry to pursue their general as well
as their S|iecial studies alter they enter tlie pas-
torate. It is helieveii that the accomplishment
of this work will be a service of gi'cal value to the

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niNGA

iiiai

nUACKF/rT

cultui'e anil' ell'cctiveness of yoiini; pustors. liy
tliosi; who iU'e acquainted witli liis ;ii'({niri:iiu!n(.s, |)i-.
Bijrelovv is i'c,!;;iiriliMl as a niiin of reniaikabli.! scliolar-
sliip. His |)roscnt rosiilenoe is lii-oul<lyii, N. V.

Binga, Rev. A., Jr., was Ijom -lune 1, I84;i, at
Ainlierbtljiii-f;-, Oiitiiiiu, Dominion of Canada, llo
is the son of a IJapDist ininistui' jvlio was one of
tlie fatluu's of tliu liaptist oliui'clies in that n^j^ion.
After |ini-sning liis stuilics at Ivin^'s Institute, On-
tario, lie spent several years in Hlniiyinjj; medicine.
lie was baptized in February, 1807, licensed to
preach in the followinjj; April, and ordained in Sep-
tember. In 1808 he became ])rinei|jal of the Al-
bany Knterpri.se Academy in Ohio, in connection
with whicli |iosition he ijreached re^nhirly every
Sunday. In 18Tl3 he accepted the pastorate of the
liaptist church in Manchester, Ohesterlieid Co.. Va.,
and for nine years has been must successful in his
labors. , During this period lie has baptized .'54-1:
persons. On three different occasions he had the
pleasure of baptizing over 120 candidates, and at
one time baptized 128 persons in lifty-live niiiuiti!s,
Mr. Binga has a wide field of usefulness, lie lias
served as principal of the colored school in Jlan-
chester, as recording secretary of (he IJaptist State
Convention, as secretary of the Uajitist State Sun-
day-.School Convention, and chairman of the For-
eign Mission Hoard, lie has written considera-
bly as associate editor of several ))apers, and as
contributor to the columns of the I'lliijioiis Ihrahl.
He is a good preacher, a judicious counselor, a
warm friend of higher education, earnestly inter-
ested in all movements which have for their object
the advancement of the interests of the denomina-
tion, and is highly esteemed liy the colored Baptists
of Virginia.

Blackall, Clarence H., was born in New York
City in 18o0 ; was graduated aftiu- a full cmirse in
architecture in the Illinois Industrial University
under Dr. .John .M. Oregory ; spent two years in
I'aris in Keole dos Keaux Arts under the celebrated
architect M. Andre. AVliile in Paris he was an
elKeient laborer in the American chapel, and cor-
responded with niiu-ked aljility for the Slandaid,
of Chicago, the Naliunal liaptist, of Philadelphia,
and the Examiner and C/iroftirIc, of New York.
He gives pnmiiso of success in his profession and
usefulness in his church.

Boyd, Judge John Alexander, was born in
the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, April 23,
1837. lie was educated at Upper Canada College
and 'I'oronto University, and his career was that of
a jirize-wiuner throiigliont. He obtained a schohir-
sliip upon entering the university in 1850, and won
the gold medal in modern hingnages when gradu-
ating in 180(1. In the following year ho proceeded
to thoM.A. degree, and was subseipiently for a
number of years one of the university examiners.

He still interests himself in educational mattrrs,
and is chairman of the University College Convo-
cation, and ono of the trustees of the 'I'oronto Bap-
tist-College. Mr. Boyd studied law in the oirice of

JUDOE JOIIV .ll.i:XANIIKR JluY'll.
(OhAMCelloli-r OuUlliu.)

D. B. Road, Q.C., with wdiom he entered into part-
nerslii)) in 1803. Several years later he became a
member of the firm of Messrs. Blake &. Kerr, in
which he continued until appointed nuister in
chancery. After a short term of service in that
important oflicc he rejoined the firm since so
well known as Blake, Kerr & lioyd, the leading
law firm in the jirovineo of Ontario. In the spring
of 1881 he was clevaled to the bencli as chief judge
of the High Court of Chancery (a court of equity),
and now bears the distinguished title of chancellor
of Ontario. No appointment made by the Canadian
government during several years past was more
popular than this, both with the )jar and the general
public of the province. Mr. Boyd was for many
years a teacher iu nnd superintendent of the Bond
Street Baptist Sunday-school, 'roronto, and for the
past five years has been supi'i-iiitenib.'iit of the
Yorkville .'•chool. He is also senior deacon of the
Yorkville B.iptist church.
Brackett, John Billing-s, D.D., was born in

Wobiirii, Mas.-.., \>rv. :'.\, 183.'). his parenis being
most win-thy iiuMiibcrs "f iIh' V.:i)itist chiinh in
that place. He be. am'' a hopelul Christian at the
age of fourteen, and was baptized by Kev. Dr. J. (j.
Stoekbridge, then jiaslor nf the chiireh in his native
village. Having pursued his preparatory studies
partly in "Woburn and jiartly at the Phillips

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liROADDUS

1296

imOADDUS

Acaileiiiy in Andovoi-, Mass., Iiu onteroJ 15rowu
Univi'rsil,y, and was graduated in the class ol' l.S.")7.
lift studied iliculogy at tlie Newt'Jii Tlifologioal In-
stitution I'ur two yars, ]ar)7-5lt, having as ono of
his chissniates Kcv. Ih-. (i. 1». U. Pfpin'i-, |.i-esidcnt
of Colhy University. On leaving the institution
lie lieciime pastoi- of the JSaptist ehureh in I'ongh-
keepsie, N. Y., heing ordained Sept. 2'J, l.S.V.I.
Here he remained nearly six years, at the end of
■which [leriod he accepted a call to tlie pastorate of
the l'"irst church in AYillianishurg, N. Y. ^\■llile
occupying this position Jioehester University con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of ]>ivin-
ity. On resigning his pastorate at \Yiirnimslinrg,
he hecame pastor in IST^i of tlie First Uaiitist
church in Lynn, Mass., where he remained for
iive years. He was then for something more tlian
two years pastor of the First ehureh in Charles-
town, Mass. In .May, ISSO, he accepted a call
to one of the most important ehurdu'S in the
suburhs of iioston, that of 15rool<line, where he
now (I8S2) is.

Broaddus, Rev. Andrew. For article, see p.
138.

r:^'-^-^^

%^

KY.y. ANDHKW IIHOADDUS.

Broaddus, Andrew, Jr., D.D., son of the cele-
brated pulpit orator. Rev. Andrew Kroaddus, Sr.,
was horn May 17, 1818, at Oroveshy, Caroline
Co., Va. lie bad early religious impressions, but
was twenty-lour years of age when lie was bap-
tized l)y Kcv. Itobert AY. Cole.

Educated at liappahannock Academy, Caroline
Co., Columbian College, Washington, D. C, and
Kichmoml College, Va., and a close student ever

since, be has one of the best-trained and best-in-
formed winds in the Virginia pulpit.

In 1847 be was ordained by Ilovs. A. Broaddus, Sr.,
Addi-son Hall, n. II. Bagby, Howard \V. I\loiitague,
and Robert AY. Cole. Ever since he lias been an
earnest and devoted pastor, giving to bis churches
his whole time and talents.

He has been pastor of Mount Calvary, Carniel,
Bcthesda, and Salem churches in Caroline County,
anil of Upper King and Queen church in King and
Queen County. Salem and Upper King and Queen
have divided his labors for over thirty years, and
the mutual alTection of these two churches and
their jiastor seems to make it quite certain that bo
will close bis ministry in their service. It is a high
tribute to his ability as a preacher, bis character as
a Christian, and bis ellicicncy as a pastor that Dr.
Broaddus has spent his whole ministerial life with
the people among whom he was brought up, and
seems more securely entrenched in their affe'ctioiis
to-day than ever before.

He has refused all overtures to city pastorates,
and has gloried in being a "country minister.''
He has baptized about seventeen hundred believers,
and he has labored in meetings with other pastors
in which several thousand persons have been im-
mersed.

He has been for years a leader among the Bap-
tist hosts of Virginia, and has exerted a potent
influence in directing their energies in " every good
word and work."

The Ra|ipahannock Association has long been
regarded as the " banner Association" of A'irginia,
and it owes its position very largely to the labors
of Dr. Broaddus and his intimate friend, the la-
mented Dr. Richard Hugh Bagby.

His three sons (Rev. Julian Broaddus, of Middle-
sex County, Rev. Andrew Broaddus, of Lancaster
County, and Rev. Luther Broaddus, of South Caro-
lina) are all useful Baptist elergyiiien.

As a preacher, Dr. Bmaddua is clear. Scriptural,
eft'eetive. and frequently oloipient. As a pastor, he
is afl'eetiiiiiate ; the unlliiu-hing advocate of correct
discipline. His churches are among the best trained
and most liberal in the country.

He is one of the readiest debaters and most
powerful platform speakers in the State. Many of
his speeches are worthy of permanent preservation
in just the form in which he delivered them.

He has very decided opinions, and, upon suitable
occasions, does not hesitate to state and defend them.
But he is courteous to those who diflor from bini.

An nfl'ectionate husband and father, a good citi-
zen, a warm-hearted friend, and, above all, a de-
voted Christian, be is as wididy loved as he is
known. Thousands would utter a hearty ''amen"
to the prayer that he may be long spared to devote
bis splendid gifts to the cause of truth.

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BUOADUS

1297

BRUWN

Broadus, Hon. Edmund, Culpoper Co., Va.,
loiij^ a piuiiiinuiit ineiiibur of thu Virj^inia Legi.slu-
tui'o, ami a very iiilluciilial layiaaii in tlio Sliilnli
Association; a wi.so, ■;;(ioil, and uscl'cil niim ; (.'Idcr
brotlior of William I'', ami Amlnnv Hrdaihliis, and
fathor of James M. and Jolm -V. iiruadns. (The
name is oontrauted from Broadliurst^ which is now
IHununnci'il so in liUiuliin.)

Brown, A. B., D.D., LL.D., was boin in Am-
herst Co., ^'a., Oct. a), 1821.

lie professed conversion when he was abcuit
twenty, and was fur a time an llpisonpalian, but
his sincere desire to know the will of (Uirist soon
led to a chiinge of views, and he was baptized into
the fellowship of thi^ Mount Moriah Haptist church
by Uev. S. 11. llice, M.D.

Young IJrowa took charge of a school at seven-
teen, and ha.s been teaching daring a great part
of Ills life. He spent one year as a student at
AV^isliington College (now AN'ashiuL'ton and Lee
University), where ho won ii line reputation, and
aocomplished a two years' course in one. lit.' pur-
posed returning the next session, but circumstances
changed his |ilans.

At tile age of twenty-five be entered the Univer-
sity of Virginia, and reveled in this advantages of
that great institution, hr. IJrown has nnide splen-
did progress in almost every liranch of learning.

Not long after lie ]u'ofessed conversion lie began
to speak of Christ to others; soon he was licensed,
and in 1S45 he entered fully into the work of
preaching the gospel and became an appointee of
the State Mission Hoard in Lewis County, where
he was successful iji his work.

In 1S50 he became pastor of Arbor and other
churches in the lloanoke Association.

In lcS64 he went to Ilollins Institute, lioanoke
County, where he spent three years in successful
teai'hing.

In 1S.")7 ho took cluirge of the llauiptim church,
where ho gathereil much fruit for the Master, and
gained the reputation of being one of tiic ablest
preachers in the .State.

When Dr. J. A. Broadus resigned the pastorate
of the Charlottesville church in bS.'jO, a hearty in-
vitation was extended to Dr. Brown to succeed liim,
and lie accepted the call, to tlu^ deep regret of his
loving ])0iiple in llamptcm. lie had here a conge-
nial university atmosphere, and he studied and
preached with grand riisults. The writer remem-
bers bciiring Prof. Lewis Minor f'oh-uian, the
scholar, and the skillful artillerist, say one day at
liis camp-lire in the most loving and glowing terms,
" Dr. Mrown more completely than any man 1 ever
lieanl has inij exart rniuje. He hits me evevij limey

Relating this to Dr. Blown one day, he seemed
touched by this tribute of bis noble IVienii, and he
replied, "Ah! I fear that when 1 had (^'oleman's

' range' I was shooting over the heads of the rest

of the congregation.'

The l)reaking out of the war suspended the uni-
versity, many of the' best men of his church went

fe.-#

\. U. liUOWN, II. U., I.I..O.

into the army, and Dr. Brown felt constrained to
resign his pastorate the second year of the war and
go Ijack to his old place as professor in Ilollins
Institute.

In 18(14 he became a missionary chaplain in Car-
ters artillery battalion. Second Corps, Army of
Northern Virginia, and bore no mean ]iart in the
labors of those great revivals during which over
fifteen thousand of Leo's veterans professed faith
in Christ.

Many of his sermons to the stddiers were rare
specimens of what a great professor has defined
true eloquence to be, — " ioi/ic set unjftre.'^

In the M'inter of l.S()4 he returned to Pittsylvania
County, and became pastor of several churches,
which he served successfully until September, ISSl,
when be came to fill the chair of Knglish in llich-
mond College.

Dr. Brdwn's seventeen years of rpiiet country
life were diligently improved, and he brings to his
eolleire duties native ability, ri|ie scliolarshiii, " apt-
ness to teach," and the power of a profound thinker.

No man in Virginia is hear.l with more pleasure
on the (datfoi'm or in iIk; pulpit by intelligent )>eo-
ple than Dr. Brown. Devotedly piiais, and of |inre
lifi', Dr. liniwn is admin'il and hivt'd by multitudes
of friends, and nuiny prayers ascend to (,iod that
ho may be long spareil to grace the position ho fills,

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nUCHAX

12'J8

BVCKS'KR

and leave his inipross on tlie young men wlio feather
aroiiiul liiiii ill the i;r;iiiJ old collej^e at Uieliniond.
Buchan, David, was burn in Glasjiow, ScotlaMcl,
Mareli ii, I.Sl)7. 11'' was tli^.sceiujeil IVuiii a loni;
line of pious aiieestora, a lino wliicli iiioliidud
Kbenezcr Erskine, one of tliu fuunders of the
United Preabyterian Churcli of Sqitland. His
i'athei- was an elder in a Sootcli Baptist ehnroh.
lie was educated fof tlio lej^al profession, but re-
linciuished it. When quite a youth he was con-
verted and baptized. In 1834 lie emigrated t(j
Canada, and settled near the town of I'avis, where
he was instrnineiital in organizing a ISaptist eliureh.
The beautiful edifice in which this church now
worships was erected at his sole cost in 1804. In
184'J he removed to Toronto, and started a weekly
Baptist new>|]aper, — The I'iuneer. Two years after
he was appointed by the government bur.sar of
Toronto University and Colleges, an oIKee which
lie held until his death. Kor many years a mem-
ber of Bond Street ]5a))tist cliureli, Toronto, he at
length left it, with others, to lorio a new church in
Yorkvilh', of which he was the senior deacon and
principal supporter. He was also for several years
superintendent of the .Sunday-sehuol. By his re-
moval the various dencMninatioiial societies in the
province of Ontario lost an earnest advocate, a
generous contributor, and a wise counselor. An
ardent, loyal Baptist, he was also a friend to the
cause of evangelical religion by whomsoever repre-
sented. At tlie time of Ins death, Oct. 17, 1877, he
was president (for tlie third time) of the Home .Mis-
sion Cmivention of Ontario. He was smitten with
apoplex}' on his own threshold, as he was starting
out to attend a meeting of the board.

Buchan, Humphry Ewing-, M.A., M.D., son

of llavid Bueliaii, was burn at BraCside, near Paris,
Ontario, May 20, 1842. He graduated B.A. in the
University of 'J'oronto in 1804, and M.B. in medi-
cine at the same university in 1807, and subse-
queiilly spent two ycjars at the leading hospitals
of London and Glasgow. Wliile in Scotland ho
passed the examination and received the license of
the Koyal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, and
the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow.
He is consulting physician to the Hos|iital for
Sick Children, 'J'oronto, and physician to Toronto
General Hospital. He is also the re[>resentative
of Toronto University on the Council of the Col-
lege of Pliysieians and Surgeons of Ontario.

])r. Buchan was baptized by the Kev. Dr. Caldi-
cott in 1803. In 1877 he was elected deacon of
the Jarvis Sticit ciiiireli, Toronto. He was super-
intendent of the Sunday-school from 1877 to 1880,
wdien he resigned on account of professional duties.
lie wa.s president of tlio Baptist Missionary Cim-
venlion of Ontario in 1877-78. He is one ol the
trustees of the Toronto Baptist College, and treas-

urer of the Baptist Union of Canada. For two
years he was managing editor of the Chrislian
Jfi-lper, which he was mainly instrumental in start-
ing. Xo layman as young as Dr. lluelian is lietter
known or more deservedly pu|pular in his native
province. ^

Buck, William, was born in Ancaster, Ontario,
Aug. 22, 1828. He was trained in the jiublic
schools. At the [iresent time (ISSI) he is one of
the largest manulaeturers in the Dominion. He is
identilied with many enterprises of a national, lit-
erary, and religions eliaracter, and supports every-
thing that seems to promise the welfare of society.
He is president of the Braiitford Board of Trade, a
director of the Koyal Loan Society, the Brantlbrd
Young Ladies' Ccdiege, and the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association of Biantford. He is one of the
trustees of the Tabernacle liaptist church, of which
he was one of the earliest members, an<l also (d' the
Canadian Literary Institute, ^Voodstoek, and of
the T(u-onto Bajitist College. In 180'.)-70 he was
president of the Baptist Missionary Convention
of Ontario. Mr. Buck is an earnest, practical
Christian, a liberal giver, and a wise counselor.
He is one of the |iillars of the denomination in
Canada.

Buckner, Rev. Daniel, was born in Laurens
I)i.,trict, S. C, Sept. 30, 1801. His father re-
moved, in 1807, to East Tennessee. In the spring
of 1810 the Spirit led him to Christ, and he was
baptized into the fellowship of Lick Creek, now
Warrensbnrg, cliuroh, Greene Co. He was or-
dained in 1827. He laliorcd extensively in Ten-
nessee and Kentucky, traveling in all directions
and for long distances to tell the story of the Cross.
He possessed apostolic zeal, self-denial, and suc-
cess. In the beginning of the war he removed to
Texas, where he still lives, freble willi age and
full of hope, and where God has also blessed his
labors.

He preached for fifty years, and baptized 2500
persons. Of the 5000 converted under his minis-
try, twenty-live of those whom be immers<,'d heeamo
ministers of the gos]iel. The distinguished Indian
missionary and the able editor of 'J'/ic Texas Baptist
are his snns.

Buckner, H. F., D.D,, resides at I^ifaula, Creek
Nation. He is a man of consuming zeal, of more
than ordinary natural ability, and of great perse-
verance. He was born Dee. 18, 1818, near New-
port, East Tenn. He was converted wlien a small
boy, and united with the Baptist church at Madi-
sonville, Tenn., in 1832, being baptized by his own
father. In 183.5 he entered the Southwestern
Theological S(;minary, wdiere he remained three
years. He went to Alahiuna in 18,18, and en-
gaged in tiaiching. From early youth it had been
his desire to preach, but it was not until his resi-

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Bunnows

129'J

JiVTLKU

(leiioe in Ahilmina that he cunsentod to enter tlio
ministry. Licensed in 1830, lie was suun alter nr-
dainod, and toulc cliarj^o of four oluirelies, at the
same time continuing; his studies in tlie University
of Alabama. In the mean time his parents had,
removed to Kentucky, wliere lie rejoined them in
1841. lie heeanie a Slate niissionarj' of the Gen-
eral Association of Kentucky, and labored with
great success, chieHy in Greenup and the adjoining:;
counties. In I84.S he became a missionary to the
Indians, under the auspices of tlie American Indian
Slission Association, whoso board resided at Luuis-
ville, Ky.. and when the liabilities and assets of that
board were transferred to the domestic and Indian
Mission Board of the Soulherii Baiilist Conven-
tion, in ISOfi, he lu'came the missionary of that
Convention, and has continued this relation until
the present time. The honorary (lei;reo of D.D.
was conferred upon him by Baylor University.

Wherever he has been eniraired lb'. Biickner has
been successful; but it is by his labors as an In-
dian missionary that he is best known to the de-
nomination. Amony; the Indians he is exceedinixly
popular, and he wields a great inlluence over them.
He is the author of a Creek grammar, and lias
translated the gospel by John into the Creek lan-
guage, besides which he has conijiileil a Creek
hymn-bi)ok. Acting mostly as a superintendent of
missions, he has been, and still continues to bi', an
exceedingly useful missionary among the Indians
of the West. (Sec article on Imiia.s Missuins.)

Burrows, Rev. H. Lansing', D.D., son of Rev.

J. li. Burrows, i>.I)., was born in Philadelphia,
Pa., April 10, 1S43. In his elevenlh year his father
removed to lliehmond, Va., to become pastor of the
First Baptist church. 'I'hc son was maiidy brought
U[) in the latter city, lie united with the First
church in May, 18oS. He entered the Sophomore
class in Wake Forest College, N. C, the same year,
and graduated in 1802 by special jiermission of the
faculty, he being then in the service of the Southern
Confederacy. In -June, 180"), he entered jonrnalisni
on the liifliiiKmd Tiiiiis, and was shortly proniotiil
to the stall of the Coiitiinrcial jhilkliii. Huring
the war he had backslidden from his Christian pro-
fession, but was revived in 1805. In September,
I8G0, he aeeejited a position as teacher in Stamford
(Kentucky) Seminary, but feeling a call to the
work of the gospel ministry he continued in this
position only one year, and was ordained |iastiu- of
the Stamford Baptist ehurcli July '.), 1807. In No-
vember, 1808, Mr. Burrows was called to the First
Baptist church of Lexington, Mo., wdiere his labors
were greatly blessed. In January, 1809, there
were nearly KM) accessions to the cliui'ch. He w.'is
called to Bordentown, N. J., in .\pril, 1871. 'I'lure
were many and valuable accessiuns to the church,
the debt upon it was removed, uuJ the house

of worship magnilicently bc:autitied during the
six years of his pastorate at Bordentown. In
April, 1877, he became ])astor of the North church,
Newarji, N. J. This church under his leadership
was <;ndowed with new life, and plans were devised
and executed which led to relief from nn oppres-
sive debt. In tJune, 1879, Mr. Burrows was called
to be pastor of the First liajitist chuieli, Lexington,
Ky., where he now lives (1882). Lexington is the
most prominent and important inland city in Ken-
tucky, located in the heart of the famous Blue
Grass region. Dr. Burrnws's work in this inipiirtaut
centre has been like "life from the <lead.'' His
congregations have grown to be the largest of any
Protestant denomination in the city, the church
house and grounds have been bcautilied, a lianil-
sonie and eostly organ purchased and put in pusi-
tion, and the benevolent ccnitribiitinns increased
three- or fourfold, lie received the degree of A.M.
from both Princeton Cullege and Madison Uni-
versity, the degree of I). 1). IVom 15ctliel College
in June, 18S2. He was elected a secretary of the
Southern Baptist Convention in 1881, and was
continued in service in 1882. He ]irepared the iirst
railway statistics of Krntu(d<y hu' the liailroad
Commission in 1880. He is vice-president for Ken-
tucky of the Home Mission Board of the Southern
Ba))tist Convention, and by his active labors and
earnest appeals has awakened a new zeal in the
work of diimestic evangelization. I'r. Burrows as
a preacher is versatile, forcible, practical, and mag-
netic. His form is commanding, his presence in-
telligent, his manner free and easy.

Butler, Rev. John, was bom in Nottingham
West, N. II., April l.'i, 1789, and hopefully con-
verted at the age of fuurteen, uiulcr the preaching
of Uev. Thomas Paul. On Oct. 0, 18O0, he united
with the church in Newbury and Nowburypiirt,
IMass. He was licensed to preach in April, 1809,
anil in 1810 ordained pastor of the ciiurch in Han-
over, Mass., wdiere he rcnniined fourteen years'. Ho
then removed to Waterville, Me., where he estab-
lished a school fur young ladles, meanwhile preach-
ing most of the tinie ; (hiring his fourteen months'
residence in this phtee lie baptized sixty persons.
His next settlement was in Fast Wintlirop, where
he oommenceil his labors in Jlay, 1825, ilevoting a
part of his time to teaching. Here he remained
six years. On the 8th of May, 1831, he began hi.s
pastorate in North Yarmouth, where he continued
until Oct. 15, 1835, ami then accepted an agency
from the State Convention to preach for feeble
churelies and in destitute sections of Maine. This
position he held for nearly two years. The next
ten years of his life were spent in doing the work
of an evangidist, jireaching wherever the provi-
dence of Gild called him. louring this jierind he
was engaged in eighteen revivals of religion, in

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1300

CAIRNS

■wliu:li it is I'stiiuateiiJ lliut iilnuit I2()0 persons woi'O
liopcruily converted. In the year 1.S54, sevenil of
liis eliililrcn liiivinn est;ililislied liomos in Oliio and
Kentueky, Mr. JUitler removed to that part of llie
ooiintry. The state of liis lieultli was sueli that
he v\'as unal)lo to preach much. Tliu hist baptismal
service whieli lio performed was in Middlctown, O.,
the eandiihUes being his three grandchildien. He
di<,'d at the home of liis son Charles, in I'ranklin,
O., Jnly I, IX.JC). Dnriii;; his lorty-eight years in
the ministry he labored in as niatiy as forty-two re-
vivals, the tirst and the last being with tbe chnreli
where he was lir.st settled, in Hanover, Mass.

Butler, Nathaniel, D.D., was born in Water-
ville, Me., Oct. I'J, ISl'l; was fitted for eolle-e at
the Varmuuth, Me., Academy ; spent the lirst three
years of his college course at Georgetown College,
and was a graduate of what is now Colby Univer-
sity in the class of 1842. His ordination took place
at 'rnrner. Me., (Jet. 2.S, 1,S45. Here he remained
nearly live years, — 1840-50, — wheji he became
agent of the iMissioiniry Union for Maine and East-

ern Massachusetts, resigning in the fall of 1850
to take tlip pastorate of the church in Eastport,
Me., where he remained till Sept. 3, 1S5'J. From
June 14, IbOO, to May 10, IStio, he was jiastor
at Auburn; from l.Sli4 to 1809, at Camden ; from
18G'J to 1872, at Albion, III.; from 1872 to No-
vember, 1873, at Leavenworlh, Kansas; from
November, 1873, to Oct. 1, 1870, at .Second church
in liangor. Me. ; from November, 1873, to October,
1876, at Dexter; from April, 1877, to April,
1878, at North Vassalborough ; and at llallowell
from April, 1880, to April, 1881. lie represented
^'assall)Orougll and Windsor in the State Legis-
lature of 1880. He was the private secretary of
Vice-I'resident Hamlin from 1801 to March 4,
1805. Ur. Butler received the degree of D.D.
from his alma mater, of which institution he has
been a trustee, since 1850, in the year 1873. In
addition to liis labors as a pastor he has, through
the whole period of his niinistr}', performed much
labor as an evangelist in Maine, Massachusetts,
Illinois, and Kansas.

o.

Cabaniss, Judge E. G., was born in Jasj^er
po., Ca., in 1805, and died suddenlj' at Atlanta in
1871. After completing a course at Harvard Col-
lege, in 1822, he was called to the Ij.ar \n Ceorgia,
and rose to be one of the most eminent judges in
the State. lie settled in Forsyth, Monroe Co., and
was elected county clerk in 182(), retaining the
office twenty-five years. He was also clerk of the
Court of Ordinary for the same length of time.
lie was elected clerk of the house of representa-
tives, in the Legislature, in 1840, and in 1857 was
appointed judge of the Flint cii'cuit, which position
lui held until 18GI with distinguished credit to
himself. He was elected State senator in 1802;
he was also appointed Confederate States tax col-
lector and commissioner for Oeorgia, retaining the
position honorably until the close of the war. In
1805 he was a member of the State constitutional
convention, and. in the autumn of tlie same year
was elected to Congress. Early in the year 1871
he was appointed by tlie governor, auditor of the
State road, called Hie '• Western and Atlantic Kail-
road," and removed his family from Forsyth to
Atlanta, where he suddenly expired. Judge Ca-
baniss united with the Baptists in 1836, and was a
man of deep piety, and of great I'aithfiilness to
Christ. He assisted in organizing the Southern

Baptist Convention, in Ma}', 1845, and for many
years was a trustee of IMercer University. A
strong temperance man, a bright Mason, and a
conspicuous example of uprigbtnes.^, honor, and
integrity. In his death Georgia lost one of her
noblest citizens and most reliable counselors, in
whose heart there was no guile.

Cairns, E.ev. James, was liorn in Scotland,
.Vpril 'J, 1824. At lilteen he was converted and
united with the Presbyterian Church. In the sum-
mer of 1849 he came to America. After living some
time in New York ho i-emoved to Zanesville, O.
At this period the Baptists were engaged in erecting
a house of woi'ship, and the ])astor, llev. D. E.
Thomas, came to Mr. Cairns and asked for a contri-
bution ; he replied that he could give no assistance
to such bigoted people as the Baptists, for although
they admitted that others were on the way to
heaven, yet they ■would not admit mcinliers of
other churches to the Lord's Sujiper. Mr. 'I'liomas
defended his principles, and as the subject turned
upon baptism, it was arranged that they should
hold a discussioti at the home of Rlr. Cairns, and
that the Bible should be the only authority used.
While engaged in preparing for it, Mr. Cairns,
much against his will, was convinced that immer-
sion is the only Bible mode of baptism. Mrs.

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CAMERON

1301

CATES

OiiiniM, wlio was iissisting Imr liiiMbiinJ in liis i-c-
souruliOM, caiiiu to tlie saiiio coiicliisiuii. Jiiiio IL',
l.Sfj2, tliey WLM'e Ijotli lja|jti/,od. .Mi-. Cairns r(.'-
inovcd to IJlooiuingtoii, 111., aiui united witli tlio
Uaptist clmrch tliore, wlieix-, in Octoboi-, 1850, lie
was ordained as pastor of Siiiitli's Orovo ulinrcli.
Al'terwanls lir was called to the pastorate of tliu
Fairbiirii; cliuridi, and remained live and a liall'
years, dnriii^j; wliicli the church increased from 40
to li88 members. lie was afterwards pastor of
the churches at Laeon, Uoeliellc, I'olo, and C'am-
«• bridge, III. From the latter place be removed to
Winfield, Cowley Co., Kansas, and became the
pastor of the First Ba|itist church of that city.
Blr. (Jairns lias bapti/.ed about 500 persons. IIo
ii.is been instruuieutal in erecting several church
ediliees, and lie has organized si.Kteeii churches.

Cameron, Rev. A. A., wasbm-n in lireadalliano,
Perthshire, Scotland, in IS41. lie has spriwig
from a ministerial liimily ; his father, his uncle,
grand-nnele, and ((uitc a number of other near rela-

\ lives have been or are clergymen, lie received his
early (Mlueation in the Free Cliurch School of Law-
ers, and the parish school of Killin. At fifteen
years of age he became tutor in a gentleman's
family, in Lochs Glenlycju. In 1S57 he emigrated
to Canada, his father being called to the pastorate
of the iJreadalbane Baptist church, Ontario, lie
pnr^aed his further education in the gramniar-
.scliools of Vankleek Hill and l/Orij^inal. Tie
taught school as a llrst-elass teacher liir live years;
entered the Baptist College, Woodstock, Ontario,
as a theological student in USC4 ; graduated in April,
1807 ; was ordained pastor of the Baptist church,
Strathroy, the following June ; and was called

' ; to his present pastorate in Ottawa, the eai>ital of
the Dominion, in 1871. In the latter city he lias
met with much success. lie is an eloqin.'ut and
cll'ective speaker, a great controversialist, and a
stanch Baptist.

Cameron, Rev. Robert, was liorn in 1839,
in 0.\furd Co., Ontario. lie became a Christian
in 1859. In 1801, under jMetlmdist Episcopal
auspices, lie began to iireaeh. lie was bapti/.ed in
the autumn of 1802. lie graduated U.-V. in 1808,
and .M.A. in 1809, from the University of Toronto.
While pursuing his collegiate course he became
successively pastor in Lorra, Ontario, and editor
of the Baptixl Freeman. On graduating he settled
for a short time over a church in Fairport, N. Y.
During this pastorate he went to En;;;land in (he
intei'csts of ihe (iraiide Lignt^ iMissioii. On his
rcliiru 111! was paster for a time in New Vork.
lie was one of (he originators of the liapti^l Union,
but ill 1875, being dissatislied with the course of
that paper, be withdrew entirely from it, un.l iVom
further eo-operatioii with the so-called liberal bap-
tists. On visiting Canada shortly after, he received

a unanimous invitation to the Tabernacle Baptist
clinrch", Drantford, of wliioli be is still the highly-
esteemed and successful pastor.

Carieton, Rev. George J., was born in Boston,
Mass., Oct. 12, 1812, of good Baptist stock; his
father, Jonathan Carieton, JOsij., being favorably
known as a deacon of Dr. Baldwin's chnreli, and
also a deacon of Ihe Federal Strcc^t chureh (now
Clarendon Street), once nndi.'r the cure of liev. Dr.
Howard Malcom. His mother was baptized by Dr.
Ilezekiab Smith, of Haverhill, and united with his
church when it cost something for a young girl to
come out on the Lord's side. George, their son,
was educated in Boston, and at Amherst College
and Brown University.

He was born again ]\Iay 16, 1831, and was bap-
tized into the fellowship of the Federal Street
church. He was ordained pastor of the Baptist
church in Andover, IMass., June 15, 1830; became
second pastor of the Second ]5aptist cliurch in Wil-
mington, Del., Sept. 1, 1839. After leaving Wil-
mington lie labored several years as an evangelist,
and then settled over the Baptist church in West
Cambridge for six years (now Arlington), from
whence he removed to Newton Centre, where he
now resides. He has been eha[ilain of the Massa-
chusetts State prison ten years. He is the author
of two volumes, "The Unique," 1844; " Itambles
about Boston on Ell'orts to do Good," 1850.

Jlr. Carleton's parents kept an open house for
Baptists in Boston for niany years, dis|ieiisiiig
cheerful and liberal hospitality. His father was
interested with N. It. Cobb, Levi Farwell, and
other good men in the inception and founding of
Newton Theological Seminary. The son is a Chris-
tian, and a ministi^r of great worth.

Cates, Rev. M. D., was bom in Orange Co.,
N. ('. In April, 1834, he came to East Tennessee.
March 1 1, 1838, he was baptized into the fellowship
of the McMinnville church. In 1843 he went to
school ill Nashville, after this to Union University,
at Miirfrecsborough. He was ordained by the
BleMinnville church, Oct. 13, 1844, I'^lders Bradley,
Kimbrough, and Matthew Ilillsman constituting
the I'rosbytery. During his missionary work he
constituted three clinrehes. In January, 1840, he
was elected pastor of the church at Marion, Cannon
Co., and continued as such over nine years. In
April, 1840, he returni'd to tliii university and re-
mained one session. During this year he yiublished
a small hymn-book, the " Companion," of which
35(10 were sold. The s.',-,,iid edllh.n of 1(1,00(1 was
sohl dii-eetly. After this ho riil;ir,;:ed llic; work,
and called it "The Baptist ( 'uiiipauion ;" of it
0000 were published. After the war he made a
new selection, "The Sacred Harp," \vliicli was
pnlilisbed in I'liiladelphia. .Several of the hyiriMS
in this collection are his own. He has pulilishcd

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CHAMBERS

1302

COLEMAN

sciiiui otiici' v:ilii;il)l(' wurks, iiiiiong wliicli is " 'I'lic
Voioo lif 'I'nilli.'' Ho iw now, mid lias Ijomi fur a
niimhoi' ul' yoai's, oditor and imlilislior of VAe Ihip-
tut. MciseiKji-.r, at AV^dndljiiry, 'IVmi., an alili; ISaptist
pa]ior.

Chambers, Rev. Job Hodson, was born in
Biu-linu;ton Co., N. J., ./an. 1, 1.^48. llo was |jap-
ti/.cd in 1S(U. In 1.S72 lie was !;i-adualcd by the
univorsity at Lowisburg witli the liigliost lionor of
liis class. While in the univei'sity lu; .supplied with
great acceptaneo the pulpits of the Elimsport and
Win field Piaptist cliurchcs foi- aeonsiderable period.
He pursued the full course of study at the Cro/.er
Theological Seminary, gradnatini; in 187.0.

During his seminary course he was pastor for
some time of the Betliesda Baptist church ol' Phila-
delphia. He was ordained in May, 1S75, and on
the first of June following he beeauie jiastor of the
Olivet Baptist church of Philadelphia. This posi-
tion he still occupies. Ile.is a jireacher of marked
ability, and an earnest working pastor. Under his
fiiithful and prudent labors the church has grown
much in strength and Christian activity, and has
removed an oppressive debt of .^U),(X)().

lie ju'eaehed the doctrinal sermon before the
North Philadelphia Association in 1877, and was
president of the Alumni Association of Cro/.er
Seminary in 1S81. He has been fiu' several years
secretary of the American Bajitist Historical .So-
ciety. He is a inemlier of the boards of manage-
ment of the Pennsylvania Baptist Kducation So-
ciety, the Pennsylvania General Association, the
Philadelphia Baptist City Mission, and the ,\meri-
can Baptist Historical Society. Mr. Chambers is one
of the best men in the Baptist ministry in his .State.

Cheves, Rev. J. B., was born in Crawford Co.,
Ga., -Jan. 17, ISol, and is a lim^al descendant of
the once celebrated and di.stinguishoil l.angdon
Cheves. His father died when he was about seven
years old. Mucli, therefore, devolved upon the
mother, wlio nobly met all the deuiands of a large
family, and reared them to occupy useful positions
in society'. Young Cheves joined the church wlien
about thirtoeu years of age, and soon after was im-
pressed with the idea of preaching. He w.is two
years at Georgetown College, Ky., and two years
at Jlerccr University, Ga., wdiere he graduated.

When his school duties were over he was called
to the pastorate of the Bajitist church at Cnlhbert,
Ga., which he resigned after a year of service to
go to Europe to prosecute his studies. He was
for a while at the seminary at (iieeuville, .S. C.
AVliile in Europe he was at the University of
Leipsic nearly two years. lie now resides at
Nashville, and is the proprietor and one of the
editors of the Biiji/inl Rrjlcclur, which,. under the
present management, is becoming one of the most
popular papers in the Southwest.

Mr. Cheves is a young man cif culture, piety,
and der-idcd ability.

Coleman, Rev. James D., oft'arolinu Co., Va.,
was b(irii al Concord, in that county, I)ee. 15, 1811;
spent his whole life amid tlio scenes of his youth,
and died on the spot where he was born, on the 21st
of November, 1878.

Of a long line of distinguished ancestors, the
father of Mr. Coleman was a fiiinons teacher, and
as principal of Concord Academy gave his sons a
thorough classical training. Mr. Colemiin tiuis
imbibed in youth a taste fur learning which be
cultivated to the close of lil'e, being a iluent reader
of Latin, Greek, and French, as well as a de-
lighted drawer from the '' [iiire wells of English
undefiled." He was baptized in 1841 by Dr. J. B.
Jeter, and united with Bethany church, .Spott-
sylvania County, and soon after he was licensed
to preach. In 1845 he was ordained at Bethany,
and became pastor of Burrus' and Bethel churches,
Caroline County, to which latter he removed his
meniboi'ship, and of which he continued to bo pastor
until his death.

For the last ten or twenty years of his life be was
also pastor of Bound Oak, Bethesda, and Liberty.
During this period the churches were greatly
strengthened and blessed with the divine presence,
and by means of many revivals in all his churches, in
which he usually labored without any ministerial
aid. It is supposed that be ijaptized into member-
ship with these churches at least 1800 |)ersons, while
some have estimated the number as much greater.
As a [i-astor he was faithful and laborious, and
strove to do his wdiole duty, and in this endeavor
secured sympathy, love, and respect from his
members. For many years in the earlier part
of his ministry he was the ellicient clerk of the
Goshen Association, and one of the most zealous
and influential members of its Missionary Board,
serving as secretary of that board at the time when
its operations were most extensive, sustaining in
whole or in part several foreign missionaries, two
or three among the Indians, and fifteen in the
valley of Virginia. He was a warm friend and
advocate of home and foreign missions, to which
ho gave liberally of his jjcouniary means; and to
his wisdom and zeal as secretary td' the board is
largely due their success in (^stablislling and build-
ing u|i the Baptist church at Staunton, Va., besides
many other missionary stations in the valley. For
ten or twelve years ju-ior to his death lie was al-
ways chosen moderator of the .Vssociation when-
ever be attended its sessions. As a li.iptist, Mr.
Coleman was deci<led and in full accord with his
denomination. Being fully persuaded in his own
mind that the Baptists '' contend for the faith which
was once delivered to the saints," that they practise
the ordinances as tliey were instituted, and that

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COLLKGIANTS

1303

COl.LEGIANTS

their fji-ni of cliurcli govi!i'iiiiic;nt is tliiit of tlic
aiiostolic oluircliL's, lio lovcii iiis denomination,
laljorej eanicstly to Imild it up, and rujoioed in ittj
succois ovci-ywlu^i-o. It was to liiui au inuxpres-
siblo jileasui-e to meet and niin'j;lo with hi.s brethren
fnini other fielvls of labor in our general meetings.
]Iis delight would inanifest itself in his smiling face
and cordial grasji of a l)rothoi-'8 hand. As a Cliris-
tian, INIr. Gideman seemed, like llarnahas, to be
"full of the Ifoly (jhost and of faith, and to walk,
like Knoeh, with his God." lie was a imui of earn-
est piety and great faith. He was an able preaehcr
■ and an inlhiential man, and he died widely lamented.

Collegiants, The, were a company of Chris-
tians established iu Holland in lljl'j, whose exist-
ence continued^abont two hundred years. 'I'he}'
■were called Collegiants on account of their collegia,
or prayer-meetings, and Itbynsburgers, from the
village of that name near Leyileu, where their
•somi-ainiual conferenoes were held. 'I'hey were
immersionists, receiving the ju'aetiee proijably from
exiled Pulisli Anabaptists, and eonferriuL; it |jy the
hands of John Itatten upon Richard iJlount, wlu),
in li)33, it is said, iiuniersed the hrst Calvinistie
Baptist ohurcli in England. The first Collegiants
for a century immersed just outside of llhynsburg,
Ijut iu 173G a st(jne baptistery heated by a I'lwuaee
was sunk inside the iuclosure of their grounds. It
was (uistomary for the eanilidate to appear in white,
and while he knelt in the wiitor, his head was
gently pressed under it. .Vnother Baptist charac-
teristic which they magnilied was the liberty of
prophesying. They preserved the conference and
prayer-meeting when all others iu Holland neglected
and 0|)posed it.

It is a great relief to the student of those days
of au>iry theological controversy to read the gentle
words of the Collegiants: "The Assembly at
Khvusbnrg shall be a general Christian conference
wilh the Holy Scriptures as the standard of faith
and life. I'.very one who believes tiesns is the
Christ, the .Son of the living Ood, and is free from
all known works of the llesh, human weaknesses
excepted, may take part in exhortation aiul the
Siipjier. Kvery one has the right to correct the un-
instrncted iu a (Jhristian, brijtherlv, and earnest
manner. All dill'ereuees should be left at the duor,
all conflicts prudently avoided, and edification re-
garded as the general and chief end of the meet-
ings." Thi! passage of Scriptnre to which they
constantly appealed was 1 Cor. xiv. 26-40, in which
the apostle gives directions as to the rights and
duties of jMiblic worship.

In au age when religious bodies were hanleuing
everyxvhere in their exclusive dogmatic moulds, the
Collegiants insisted that the right of private judg-
morit and diversity of opinion should be tolerateil
among believers as long as the Bible is acknowl-

edged as the only law and Christ the only judge.
The immediate occasion of the appearance of the
Collegiants in ItJl'J was the decree issued in IG17
by the jC'alvinistic Synod of Dort removing and
exiling two hundred Arminian jiastors from the
charge of their flocks. iJeprived of their leaders,
these congregatiotis learned to take care cif them-
selves, and when, in lli-!.'), their old pastors returned,
some of theni loved the new way of holding prayer-
and conference-meetings too well In return to the
old formal preaching service. Those who sepa-
rated were called prophets, on account of their ex-
hortations, for Calvinist, KiMuoustraitt, and Jlen-
nonite in those days wiU'C too I'ornjal to hold sucdi
services. Of the three chief sects in llullaiid the
Cidlegiants were most nearly allii:d to the Men-
nonitcs. They held Arminian doctrine, and were
opposed to war and oaths. The real founders of
the sect were the brothers \'an der Kodile. 'I'hey
belonge.l to a devout family, which iu the llelorma-
tion times, a hundred years before, had sufl'ered jier-
secui^ion for the truth's sake. Their grandfather,
Willeui Janssoou, was a shoemaker and small land-
owner at llhynsburg. Twice a wei-k ho went out
to a little hut on his farm to study the Bible, which
he kept hid there for salety. But with all his care
I he and his family became objects of suspicion, and
I his daughter was Ijauished for lioldiiig meetings in
I her house. There were seven sons iji the genera-
tion with which we have to do, all of whom learned
Latin and some other languages. One of them
taught Hebrew at the Leyden high school. It is
i-elated that Prince Maurice was riding through
their neighborhood one day with U'-Vubert, the
French ambassador, and casually dropped the re-
mark, " Our peasants can read Latin," and stopped
and summoned the Van der Koilde brotlicrs from
their work in the lield, ami to the utter bewilder-
ment of the di|domat conversed wi.th them both in
French and in Latin. In Amsterdam they were
held in great respect, and had some distinguished
adherents. The widow of the clerk of Rotterdam
left them ten thousand gulden for the support of a
ilourishing public orfdian asyluui which they had
established.

When the dykes burst in 1740, the Collegiants
started a cinitribution that was swelled to sixty
thousaiul gulden. llhynsburg was their Jeru-
salem, and they contributed at one time forty
thousand gulden a year to the poor saints living
there.

At a great reunion iu 1700 the poet /)f the occa-
sion aildresses Rhynsburg as the etenml city. In
1740 there were eighteen dilTerent towns in which
they held meetings. In 177o a marked falling off
in attendance at Khynsliurg is noted, and in 17^7
the service there ceased. T'races of the Collegiants
are still observed by llefele in the early part of

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COTE

1304

CROWELL

this century, hut nt present tlie sect is extinct.
Tlie onuses of tiieir decline are nut far to. seek.
Among those who met in the coufercnei'S were
some who inclined to Unitarian views. This led
to a schism, the erection of two church Ijuihlings
at Rhynshiir^, and a coiillict that continued for
thirty years. ]{csides, the objects for, which they
met were gaineil. I'he right of private judgment
and public exhortation was acknowledged else-
where. Tlie cessation of persecution was followed
by weaker conviction and less devotion. The ideal
of the i{liynsburgers,'as expressed by tiieir theolo-
gian Kanipcnhny/.cn, was as impracticable as the
many later eflbrts for Christian union, lie says
their endeavor was '" to put a stop to tlie growth
of sects and parties, that there might be no longer
any distinction between oneChrlstiaii and another."
Their open coiiimiinion was the rock by which the
community was destroyed. I'icty and right views
of the snlijects and mode of ha|)tism will not per-
petuate a people witliout a ministry regularly or-
dained, and a church governed in everything by
the Word of God.

Cote, Rev. C. H. 0., M.D., was born at Quebec,
Canada, iu the year ISlt'.i, of French-Canadian pa-
rents. IIu was educated for tin; medical profession.
In the Canadian rebellion of 1837-38 lie joined the
■' Patriots,'' after having previously distinguished
liims(df as a leader of the disall'cctcd party in the
House of Asscmldy. For some time he was a resi-
lient at Swanton, in the State of IVew York, with
a price set upon his liead. Nominally a Roman
Catholic, he was secretly an infidel. He was con-
verted in Swanton, under a sermon from the words,
" Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt
be saved." Shortly afterwards he began to licar
public testimony to the gospel. Ho fixed liis resi-
dence at Cliazy, where he opened his house for
worship, and endeavored to guide his French-Cana-
dian neighliors into the way of truth, with encour-
aging results. In October, IS 13, Dr. Cote removed
to St. I'ie, one of the Grande Ligno Mission sta-
tions; but his health gave way shortly after, ami
ho was oomprlled to seek a warmer climate, lie
spent sume months at Savannah, and returned, in
thespringoflH-1-1, completely recovered. In the fall
of that year he was ordained at St. I'ie. He became
the agent of the Grande Ligne Mission in the
United States, collecting during the summer and
returning to preach in Cana(hi in the winter. St.
JMarie was the scene of these winter labors, which
were greatly blessed. He died in great peace while
attending the Lamoilli; Association at llinesburgh,
in 18.j(). Dr. I'ote's death was a very In.'avy trial
to the niissiiin.

Cresswell, Samuel J., D.D., waslioin in Eng-
land in IStl'J; was lor many years a member of
the Tabernacl<! church of Philadelphia. He was

a man of much mental activity and power, and
possessed the deepest interest in divine truth and
religious movements. He united business pursuits
with the duties of the ministry, and did much to
foster the beginnings of many local interests. He
was a lover of good books and good men ; and was
especially identified with the work of ministerial
education. He died Aug. 29, 1S77. He received
the degree of D.D. from Madison University His
large and valuable library is now in piissession of
the university at Lewisburg by the gift of liis
children.

Cl'OWell, William, D.D., was born in Middle-
field, Mass., Se|)t. 'I'l, ISUG. He received his liter-
ary and theological education at Brown and New-
ton. While pursuing his studies at the latter he
preached in several villages and towns around I5os-
ton, especially at liuiiicy, where he gathered a
congregation in a large ganibling-roum in a house
formerly used as a tavern, and such was the bless-
ing attending his ministrations in this room that a
church was organized.

Soon after leaving Newton, Mr. Crowcll accepted
the editorship of the Cliridiait Wulclunaii. , This
position he held for ten years, when the Watchmuii
and the C/trintian Jiejlcclui- were united. During
this period the paper prospered, and its reputation
was not surpassed by any denominational organ in
the country.

While in Boston, in 1S45, he preached twice
every Sunday, and taught in the Sunday-school.
After leaving Boston he accepted tlio fiastorute of
the ciiurch in Waterville, Me., and continued to
serve it for about two years, when he removed to
St. Louis, Mo., to take editorial charge of The
Wesicni ]l''alc/im(in. He held this position for ten
years, making the paper a power among the grow-
ing hosts of Missouri Ba|)tists. A variety of causes
led him, jnst as the late war was about to convulse
the nation, to retire from the editorial chair of T/te
M^cs/crn IFif/c/o/ai/i, aftiu' which he served as pastor
for a short period at Frccport, III., and at the time
of his death he was engaged in ministerial and
other labors in New Jcr»ey. He died in August,
lt>71. The Walchman and Jujlnior, of Boston, of
August 31, 1871, says of him, "His mind was one
of uncommon discrimination and clearness. We
mourn tlie loss of so able and good a man, and
that his ' sun slionhl have gone down while it was
yctilav.'" Dr. t'rowell was inic of tlie most tal-
ented and cultured nieii in the [{uptist denomina-
tion, his piety was ali-porvuding, and ho shed a
genial and blessed light over the entire relations
of life. Thousands mourned his death a^ an af-
fliction to the whole Baptist I>racl. He was the
author of several works, chief aiiiimg which
was '■ Tln^ t;hurcli Minuber's Manual,'' now nsc'd as
a tcxt-liook in some of our theological seminaries.

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BAVANT

1305

DA WSOX

D.

Davant, R. J., wan born, lived, ami dioJ in
Itfuuloi-t District, S. C. Ho Jiod in 1H72, liavitig
ju-obaljly passed his sixtietli year. A ))errect globe
liresents no salient points to take liold of. Brotlicr
l>avant's character was so regularly developed and
his life so smooth as to present a difficulty some-
what similar. As a lawyer, lie had no su)ierior at
a Ijai; that ranked second to that of Charleston
only, lie was for many years conimi.ssioner in
equity, and all his business, private and profes-
sional, was conducted with a regularity approach-
ing niathenuitical accuracy. Yet no man was ever
freer from the stiffness of routine.

Hut above all, he was a Cliristian. lie was long
a deacon of the church where the writer was pas-
tor, and we have never known one to whom the
term pillar more properly applied.

lie was president of the Augusta and Port Royal
Railroad Company for several years, and the com-
]iletioii of the road is largely due to bim.

Davies, Rev. Philip L., was born in Wales.
When he was but one year old his father died.
After the death of his father he was taken by his
grandparents, ))y whom he was carefully and re-
ligiously Ijrought up. At the age of fourteen he
was" born again" under the sovereign power of
the regenerating Spirit of God, and was immersed
upon a profession of his faith in Christ by a nuxn
■of considerable celebrity in the principality, the
Rev. W. W. Roberts, LL.D., of Blaenem, Jlon-
mouthshire, AVales. Soon after his conversion he
gave evidence that he was called to the gospel
ministry, and ]ireparations were made to give him
the requisite education for the right discharge of
all that pertains to this high vocation. At that
early period, well knowing the need of a thorough
education, he evinced the inteuscst thirst fur it. As
a youth he gave evidence of great originality, and
of [)romise as a thinker, the worth. of uhieli in due
time came to be fully realized. llis soul-long-
ings for the acquisition of knowledge were showi\
by hard study, and his voung heart beat with joy
as he looked forward to the exalted mission of his
life.

Before these arrangements for bis education were
perfected, however, his grandparents came to thi.s
country, Philip being at that time liut fifteen years
of age. 'I'liey settled in the neighborhood of Potts-
ville, Pa. At this tinu! Philip devoted himself as-
eiduously to all sorts of religious work, ami almu.st
every Sabbath preached in [he surrounding district
83

under tlio direction of the Rev. Mr. Morgan, pastor
of the Welsh Baptist church at Pottsville. In lySti,
when about twenty, he entered the University of
Lewisburg, where ho studied for three years.

During his college course he was indefatigable as
a student. He left the university in l.S5'J, and was
ordained on the 25th of December in the same year
on the call of the Welsh Baptist church at Carbon-
dale, his pastor. Rev. Mr. Jlorgan, (u-eaching his
ordination sermon. His pastorate in Carbondale
continued for about three years, when he resigned
his position there and took charge of the English
Baptist church at Blakely, Pa., with which he re-
nuiincd but one year. These four years of his
ministry were very successful in the conversion of
souls. In 1863 he accepted the invitation of the
Tabernacle Baptist church of Camden, N. J., to
become its pastor. Here he remained aliout seven
years, during which he immersed about liTO per-
sons into the fellowship of that church. In 1869
he severed bis relations with the church at Camden,
where he was universally beloved, and became the
successor of the venerable Dr. Dowling in the
Beroan Baptist church of New York. He remained
with this church until his death, July 30, 1875, rest-
ing from his labors in his forty-first year. In his
last field his labors were greatly blessed. Mr. Da-
vies was one of the most promising ministers in the
United States, and he was eminently a man of God.
Dawson, John Edmonds, D.D., was born March
7, 18U5, in ^Vashiugton Co., tia. He enjoyed excel-
lent educational advantages at Madison and at
Mount Zion Academy, Ilaneock Co. In Septem-
ber, 1827, he was converted, and united with the
church at Indian Creek. Into all matters of de-
nominational interest he now entereil with great
/.cal and earnestness, and became thoroughly iden-
tified with Sherwood, Mallary, Caniplicll, HiUyer,
Crawford, and Mell.

lie was ordained Jan. 14, 1835. His first charge
was the Eatonton church. From that time until
the day of his death, Nov. IS, ]S(;0, he was a zeal-
ous preacher of the gospel, laboring mostly in the
middle and western part of the State, and rising
to the highest rank in the ministry.

Mercer University, of which he had been a trus-
tee for many years, conferred on him the degree
of Doctor of Divinity in 1858.

His counternuice was cast in a ncjble mould,
whose classic features and swelling brow were in-
dicative of a grand intellect. He jiossesscd an uu-

.0.

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DAWSON

1306

BENOVAN

usual Jej^ree dI' i-elineiuciit. From his conversion
lie WHS an anient i'riond of tlie State iiaptist Con-
vention, tlie u;r:ind jironiotcr ol" missions, education,
teniiieriinee, and Sunday-schools ainon;^ the lia]i-

JOIIN EOMONDS UAH'SON', U.D.

x

lists of Oeorj^ia. Extensive reading, much inter-
course with aide and well-storeil minds, together
with an excellent memory and great luiMital vigor,
enahleil his brigiit and I'apid intellect to grasp
much that was advantageous to liim. In any
circle wliere he moved lie was the leading spirit.

While discoursing eloquently once at MlUcdge-
ville u])on the shcirtuess of time and tlie necessity
(d' instantly accepting Jesus, expressly in view of
the uncertainty of life, he accidentally struck one
of the pulpit lamps, hurling it to the lloor, whei'e
it lay liruken intu a tliousand fragments. "See,"
said li(!, '' that sphjiidid lamp, which hut a moment
ago .stood at my right hand the jierfection of beauty
and utility ! Now it is hut a heap of broken glass,
— [I'niiii! So frail is ijiitir life I liv what an at-
teiiiuitcd thread is it suspended I IIdw small a
thing ma)' snap the brittle cord I Let this acci-
dent impress upou your minds the solemn truths I
h;ive been urging upon your attrnlimi, and warn
ynu to tice now to tlie only .safe refuge."

]lr not unlVefpiently i-ose to absolute suljlimity,
completcl}- enthralling and over]iowering his hear-
ers. Ill all the true attributes of oratory "and elu-
fiuence he proljahly never had an ecjual in Gc(U'gia,
certainly not a superior.

IJr. Dawson was distinguished as an edncatdr
and as an able writer. His remains were carried

to his native State, and buried at Columbus, fla.,
amid the lamentations of thousands.

Dr. .John I,. |)agL.', , long president of Mercer
University, says, '■ As a preacher. Dr. Dawson was
one of the ablest it has hern my privileL;e to hear."

Leitz, Rev. Charles M., Uidhy Turk, I'a., was

born, Ui;t. 7, Ib^ilJ, in I'hiladcdphia ; baptized into
the fellowship of the I'uuith 15aptist church, Phila-
delphia, .March 8, 184lj ; licensed 18.34 ; ordained
in .March, 1858; graduated from the Central High
School, I'hiladelphia, in 1815, from Lcwislnirg Uni-
versity in 1 80-1, anil I'lum Ivochester 'I'licologieal
Seminary in 185(1 ; has be'cn a successful pastor in
New Jersey, and for a time financial agent of the
South Jersey Institute. He has also been pastor
of the Coatesville, Ilolmesburg, and Uidley I'ark
churches in Penn.sylvaiiia ; has been moilerator of
Central Union .As.sociation and of Philadelphia
liaptist Ministers' Oonferetice. He is a curator of
the university at I.ewisburg.

Denovan, Rev. Joshua, was bom in Clasgow,

Scotland, in l8i;9, and was "born again" in the
summer of 1851. Ilis education was obtained in
the parish scho ds and if! the University of Glasgow.

liEV. .lOSUU.V nK.NOV.\N.

lie was formally ordained to the pastorate of a
Presbyterian church, and during a ministry of
about eight years was much blessed. In the fall
of ]8i)4, when the membership of the (diurch iiiiiii-
bered nearly 800, he reiiouncc'd Pi'doliaptism and
was immersed on a ]irofessioii of his faitli. This
act resulted in the severance liotli of natural and
ecclesiastical ties. His health, underinimid by

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nOVRLEDAV

131)7

Ul'NAWAY

yeiu'd (if excessivo work, luiJ iiiuntlis ol' iiioiital
iiiixioty, now tituu-ly broko down. AilvisuJ to seek
a eliange of oliinate, lie urriveil ill (.';iiKul;i in thii
iuitiiimi of IJSGG, uiul retired to tlie quieL mid beau-
tiful bill country of ^lissisquui, (.Quebec. Nine
iiioiitlis of iilisolute rest elfeeted a great iiiiprovc-
nient in liis jihysioal eoiidition, and be gradnally
found Ilia way baek into tbe aetive ministry, lie
spent nearly two years in preaebing in several needy
country places, — St. Arinand, Siiiitb's Falls, Carle-
ton Place, and Aliiioiite. Ho was settled as pastor
(1850-71) in tbe town of Stratford, Ontario, and
(1S71-77) in Montreal. In 1877 be was engaged
in a special effort for tbe evangelization of Frencb
Canadian Roman Catliolics, and in March, 187^,
he entered ujion his present pastorate, — Alexan-
der Street, Toronto. He was secretary for five
years of tbe baptist Home Mission Convention
East, and has been secretary of the Baptist Home
Mission Convention of Ontario since 1878. A
devoteil servant of Christ, a great ]n'eaeber, and
a fearless advocate of truth, JMr. Denovan com-
mands the bigli esteem of tbe Baptist churches in
Canada.

Doubleday, Hon. U. F,, was born in Lebanon,
N. i'., l.>ec. lo, 17'J2, and died in Bclvidero, III.,
Nov. 14, 1861). lie added to his education in the
))ublie soiiools an extensive knowledge of the higher
matliematics and the natural sciences. In early
life lie settled in Auburn, N. Y., whore for about
thirty years ho edited and published the Caijmja
I'alrioi. He was elected to Congress in 181)1, and
re-elected in 1833, both of which terms he served
with marked ability. When tbe civil war broke
out bo took strong ground for tlie Union. His
sons, Maj.-<jlen. Abnor'Doubleday, Col. Thomas D.
Doubleday, and Brig.-Gen. U. |)oubleday, by their
devotion and success in arms, showed the power
of the father's teaching in respect to the jirinciples
of patriotism. He was Ijapti/.ed into the fellowship
of the Baptist churcli of Scipio, N. Y., by Rev. H. J.
Eddy, D.O., in 1841. He removed to New York
City, ami was (dciued a deacon of tbe Sixteenth
Baptist cliurcb. lie also served as deacon of the
church at Bloomington, 111. The writer has a
manuscript of a work written by him on "'The
Harmony of Science with the Bible Account of the
Six Days of Creation.'' It is worthy of jiublieation,
and ma}' yet be given to the world.

Bryden, John, M.P., was born in 1840, near
Brooklin, province of Ontario, (,'onvertcd in 185iS,
bo united with the Wesleyan Methodist b(jdy, to
which other meiiibi^rs of his family wmc attaehoil.
In 1801 ho was led to see the believer's duty re-
garding baptism, and united with the liaptist

church of the township of AVhitljy, of which be is
now the leading supporter. JMr. Dryden received
I a liberal education, and has attained a high stand-
ing for eultuie and intelligence. In March, l.S7'J,
be was unanimously chosen by the Reform con-
vention of South Ontario ;is their candidate for tbe
rcpresentatiou of the constituency in the Provincial
Parliament, and was duly elected in the following
June. As a citizen, a legislator, and a follower of
Christ, be is abundant in laijors for tho public
good. BIr. Dryden serves tbe denomination as a
director of tho Ontario Baptist Missionary Conven-
tion, and a member of the board of trustees of tbe
Toronto Theological Seminary.

Dunaway, Rev. Adoniram B., was born in Lan-
caster Co., Ya., Oct. 5, l.S4l2, of religious parents,
and he was born of the Spirit of God in August,
1858, and was soon thereafter baptized into the fel-
lowship of Lebanon Baptist church by the Rev.
Addison Hall. At the breaking out of the lato
war bo enlisteil as a private in a cavalry company
from his native county, attached to the Ninth
Regiment of Virginia Cavalry, in tbe Confed-
erate army. Ho served during the war in the
commands of Gens. Stuart and Hampton. Mr.
Dunaway Avas licensed to preach in September,
1870, and was regularly ordained to the gospel min-
istry in July, 1871, and immediately took charge
of Farnbam church in Richmond Co., Va., and
Lebanon church in Lancaster County, wliicb he
served for seven years, and during that period the
membership of Lebanon was more than doubled,
and Farnbam was greatly strengthened. Besides
preaching for liis regular churches, be has aided
other pastors iji, meetings whenever convenient, and
always very acceptalily, and with great success.
These efforts gave i\Ir. Dunaway more than a local
reputation, so that upon the death of tho late la-
mented Rev. James lb Coleman ho was called to
the past(n'ato of Bethel, Betliesda, Round Oak, and
Liberty,— four large country churches in Caroline
Co., Va. Ho took charge of these in April, 1879,
giving to earh ono Sunday a month. During the
first year of his )iastorate in Caroline ho preached
live consecutive weeks in protracted meetings with-
out minisUn-ial aid, and had more than one hun-
dred additions to his churches, and they have stead-
ily increased in numbers and clliciency under his
ministry, and they are greatly attached to him.
He is gaining daily an extensivo reputation in Vir-
ginia as an liuinble, earnest, and efficient minister
of God's Word. He is an occasional contributor
to i\iii Ji'ctiijiuun Jh'idlil lA Rie.hinond. Mr. Ibma-
way is justly considered one of the most promising
young ministers of this State.

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EATON

1308

EDWARDS

E.

Eaton, Prof, James R., Ph.D., son of Geo. W.
Eaton, D.l)., LL.D., was born at llaiiiilton, N. Y.,
Dec. 11, lti.34. On a profession of faitli in Christ
lie was bajitized into the niembership of tlic church
at Ilaiiiilton, June 14, LS-IO ; j^raduated from Mad-
ison University in 1856, and from Ilaniiltou Theo-
logical Seminary in 18.58. In ISo'J he became
Adjunct Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sci-
ence in Union University, Murfreesborough, Tenn.
From 185',) to the spring of 18G1 he was Professor
of Ancient Lan;;uai^es in Bethel College, Uussell-
ville, Ky. ; during tlie war he held a secular posi-
tion in New York. From 18G() to 18G9, Prof. Eaton
occupied the chair of Natural Science in tlie Uni-
versity of Louisville, Ky. In the spring of 18(J9
he became Professor of Natural Science in '\\'illiani
Jewell College, Liberty, Mo., wliiidi position he
still occupies. In 1870 Madison University con-
ferred on him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
He has an abiding impression that he was called
to teach, and has consecrated himself to the same
work in which his distinguislied father spent his
life, — the education of the Haptist ministry, llis
luotto in the class-room,-" What is worth doing at
all is worth doing well," is the principle that
governs his own life.

Eaton, Leonard Hobart, was born in Oroton,
Grafton Co., N. H., April 20, 1817. At the age of
eleven he removed to Newton, ^lass., and at six-
teen to Lowell, where he enjoyed the advantages
of its excellent public schools. In l8o7 he was ap-
pointed a teacher in the North Grammar-Scliool.
In the same year he was baptized Ity the Rev.
Lemuel Porter, and united with the Worthen Street
church. He removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1839,
and united with the First Baptist church. He was
one of the constituent memliers of the Grant Street
Baptist church. In 1843 he was elected principal
of the Third Ward Public Scliool in Alleghany
City, and lilled that position sm'cnteen years. In
1847 he united with the Sandusky Street Baptist
church ; and live years later was a|ipoii]ted a ilea-
con. Both these relations have been sustained to
the present time. He served as sujierintendent of
the Sunday-school of tlii.i church for a period of
thirty years, extending from 1848 to 1878. In
I860 he was elected principal of the Forbes Public
School of Pittsburgh, the largest in that city. This
position he still holds.

He was a member of the board of schoid contnd-
lers in Alleghany City eight years; jn-esident of

the Baptist Social Union of Pittsburgh, Alleghany^
and vicinity five years; and president of the Sun-
day-School Convention connected with the Pitts-
burgh Baptist Association thirteen years. He is
now (1881) a director of the Baptist Summer lie-
sort at Point Chautaui[ua, N. Y. ; president of the
Young Men's Bible Society of Pittsburgh; andpresi-
dent of the Western PcMinsylvania Humane Society.
Edwards, Col. B. W., was born in Spartanburg
Co., S. C, Jan. 21, 1^2I. His parents removed
to Georgia in his childhood. His health, for many
years, was so poor that little hope of his living to
manhood was entertained. But his constitution
having improved, he entered the South Carolina
College in 1847, and graduated in 1850. Having
rtM-urned to Georgia, he taught school and studied
law for one year. lie was then admitted to the
bar in 1851, and soon after went to the same school
at Harvard, Jiass., where he graduated in 1853.

He now returned to his native State, locating
firstat Sumter and afterwards in Darlington County,
where he now resides. He was comiuissioner in
equity for five years, beginning in 1801. In the
same year he entered the Confederate service, but
was soon after discharged on account of ill health.
He has long been a deacon of the Darlington
Baptist church and superintendent of the Sunday-
school, a member of the board of trustees of
Furman University for fifteen years, and for the
jiast two years president of the Baptist State Con-
vention. He is very prompt and eflieient as a pre-
siding officer. In quiet, unobtrusive usefulness he
has no superior in the State.

Edwards, Gen. 0. E., a native of Spartanburg
District, S. C, was Ijoru Nov. 10, 1819. He took
an academic course at Glenn S|iring, finishing it in
184.J. He was admitted to the bar in 1845, and
commenced the practice of law at Spartanburg
Court-IIouse. He was repeatedly sent to the
Legislature from his native district, and was a
member when the war began. He was elected a
brigadier-general of inilitia in 1854. At the be-
ginning of the war he raised a regiment and en-
tered the Confederate army in command of the
IStkS. C. Volunteers. Ilr was tiuirtally wounded
in the battle of Chancellorsville, while in command
I of McGowan's brigade, and died a few days after
at Goldsborough, N. <.'., oil his wmv hinai;. He was
buried at Spartanburg. He had lung Ijeen a ileacon
of the .Spartanburg Baptist church and superin-
tendent of the .Sabbath-school.

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11 J' ,i.J

EDWARDS

1309

EMERY

In battle ho wiis brave almost to a fuuU, as tlio
writer knows personally, and liis (.leiitli was pruli-
ably duo to his entire lur^etfiilness of his own
safety, lie left a gap in the eliiirch and the eoiii-
nuuiity that is scarcely liUed even to the present
day.

Edwards, Rev. Solomon, was born in Barn-
well Co., S. 0. lie was burn in slavery, the prop-
erty of Rev. Mlliott Estess. From his boyhood
he was honest and diligent. In early life be was
a foreman on the plantation, llis education is
limited, the writer having tanglit him most of what
be knows. Unt nature, or rather nature's God,
lias endowed him with iinnsinil enmnion sense, lie
lias been iireaching for many years, and we earn-
estly hope may long continue to preach, as no
man within our knowledge eonhl lill his place.
His people receive his words almost as those ol an
Oracle, and it is well that they are words of wis-
dom and truth.

He is of pure African extraction, nearly six feet
high, and strongly built. His countenance is very
pleasing, and at a glance sliows his .superiority to
most of his race. Whatever iniprovcinent is to bo
made in the colored race must be niaile chiefly
through such men as Brother Edwards.

Elford, Charles James, was bom in Charles-
ton, .S. C, .May 11, l.S'20. Left an orjihan in early
years, he went to Greenville, S. C, when a mere
boy. While employed as clerk in a store he used
everj' spare moment for study, and, with the bless-
ing of God on his earnest, patient, and well-di-
rected efforts at self-improvement, he rose from one
position to another till he attained to eminent dis-
tinction at the liar. An ardent Christian and
leader in every good work, he devoted himself es-
pecially to the interests of the Sunday-sclmid. In
this sphere his induence on the young and on
Sunday-school workers throughout the State was
productive of results for good far beyond that of
many ministers of the gospel. Kind iTurds, a
Sunday-school paper, issued first at Greenville,
S. C, now at Macon, Ga., owed its origin to him.
AVitb bis dying breath leaving to the Sunday-school
over which he had long presided the message,
" 'I'ell them to come to heaven ; that's all," ho closed
his eartlil}' service in Greenville, May 25, 1807,
honored as a public benefactor by the whole com-
munity.

Emery, George Freeman, was Ijorn at Paris,
Oxford Co., Me., Xov. 10, IS17. Fie fitted fur col-
lege under private tutor.s, and at the Farinington
Acaih'ni}', and was a gradimte of llowdoin Col-
lege, in the class of 1.S3G. On graduating he stu-
died law wltli his father, Judge StepbiMi 1'. i y,

and was udmitti^d to the bar Nov. in, ls:is, and
formed a law jiartncrship with his father, which
continued about ten years. In 1810 he removed

to Portland. While residing in Paris he was for
six years register of probate for Oxford County.
Aftev his removal to Portland he was appointed,
in bSlS, clerk of the U. S. Circuit by Judge
AV^oodbury, and continued under three of his suc-
cessors. Ho resigned his ofiice on removal to
Boston in 1877, where ho became connected with
the Boston Post, a leading daily paper, of wdiicli
he was chosen editor-in-chief in 1880, and now
(1881) holds this position. Mr. Emery was bap-
tized, with his wife, Sept. 23, 1855, liy Itev. G.
V/. liosworth, I).])., and united with the Free
Street IJaptist church in Portland, Me. In all
matters pertaining to the prosperity of that church
he took a deep interest, lie was for a considerable
time the superintendent of its Sabbath-sehool.
He took an active part in getting up an organiza-
tion to provide fur pcjor and devoted ministers,
also the cor[ioration to maiuige the "Greenough
Fund" for building churches in Mtiine. For a time
be was a trustee of Colby University, and was a
prominent layman among the Baptists of his native
State. Mrs. Emery was the daughter of John AV.
Ap|deton, Estj., a leading Baptist of Jlaine, and
sister of Hon. John Ajipleton, M.C., and minister
plenipotentiiiry to Russia under President Bu-
clianan. The first wile of Vice-President Hamlin
\vas a sister of -Mr. Emery, and his second wife a
half-sister. /

Emery, Hon, James S., was born in Industry,
Fi-anklin Co., -Me., and was graduated in 1851 at
Colby University. He w:js made president of flie
Vermont Literary and Scientific Institution at
Brandon in that State. He commenced the study
of the law in New York .City in 1852, where lie
was admitted to the bar in February, 1854. He
was one of a hundred young men who founded
Lawrence, Kansas, in September of the same year.
This was the first settlement from Now England
made in the new Territory just entered under the
Kansas-Nebraska bill. He took grounds for a free
State, and was one of a committee sent to the
free States in behalf of free Kansas. He was a
member from Lawrence of two of the constitu-
tional conventions which Kansas lia<l before she
Wiis received into the Union. He was twice chosen
to a seat in the Legislature, and in 1801 was ap-
liuinted by I\Ir. Lincoln U. S. district attorney for
his State, which post ho held about three years.
Ho was one of the seven cmistituent members of
the first liaptist church formed in the Territory,
in January, 1.S55, at Lawrence. It was through
his efforts mainly that, the State University of
Kansas was located at the city of his residence.
Being a friend of learning, he is ofion called lic-
biro the public in literary, historical, and religious
addresses, lie is a man of talent and jiiety.

■IWAV.a

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FELLKU

lolO

FIFR

F.

Feller, Madame Henrietta, w^is born April 2,
ISOI), ;it iMuiitiii^ny, u viiliiiiij in the (\inton do
\';uid, .Switzerlimd. In l,SU;i licr fiitlier, M. O.lin,
rcMiuVL'J witli liis funiiiy to Lansimne, wliere llcn-
rietta enjoyed superior t-dnciitional iidvivntages. In
1822 she married M. Louis Feller, of Lausanne,
one of its most respected citizens. Within five
years she was loft a widow. IIci' only ehild, a
daughter, had died a short time before. Previous
to these sad bereavements she had become a de-
cided and active CJiristian, and after her husband's
deatii she consecrated herself still more fully to
the service of Christ. In 1S35, Madame Feller re-
ceived a letter from a dear friend, the wife of a
Swiss missionary in Canada, descrijjing the spirit-
ual destitution of the French Canadians, and ex-
horting her to give herself to missionary work.
This she regarded as a call from God, and on the
I7th of August, in the sann; year, she left Lau-
sanne for the scene of her future toils. She was
accompanied by Louis Uonssy, a member of the
church in Lansanne, and of the Mission Institute
in the same city. They reached .Montreal on the
31st of Octidjer, and shortly after settled in the
village of St. Johns. Madame Feller spent her
first year in Canada in earnest efforts for the en-
lightennieut nn<l salvation of the French Catholjes
by domestic vi^itation, by the in^truction of chil-
dren, and by the distribution of the Scriptures. In
Septeiuljcr, IS.'iO, slie removed to La Orande Ligne,
encouraged by the success •which had attended Mr.
Iloussy's ministrations in that place. She com-
menced her work in the garret of a small log
house, whi're she taught a school of cliildren by
day and a class of adults by rdght. In this garret
also she resided, subjecting herself to great priva-
tion. She visited the poor and the sick, carrying
the AVord of life into many a honn', Avhen the
preacher, IMi-. Iloussy, W(juld have been rcpclh'd.
Thus was laid the foundation of the mission of
which, for thirty-two years, Madaiae Feller was
the leading spirit, and which, lung before she
(lii'd, liiid become one of the most useful institu-
tions in Canada. She dii-d at the Orande Ligne
Mission-House on the 2C)t.li of March, 18C8. It
has been well said that ''Henrietta Feller was
raised up for a great work. She has left her mark,
liy (Gild's gi-!iee, on Lowi^r Canada."

Fife, Rev. James, was born in Scotland in the j
year IT'lI, anil died at his residence m'ar Char- j
lottesvillc, Va., Oct. 6, 1S70, in the eighty-third '

year of his age. Brought up under Presbyterian
training, he adopted Baptist views, and was bap-
tized in Edinburgh by Dr. Innes. At sixteen he
began to speak for Clirist, and when at nineteen
he came to America and settled in Kichmoiul, he
had fully entered upon his '"abundant labors" of
si.xty-six years in the gospel ministry.

AVheu he first came to Uichmond he was a suc-
cessful surveyor, but he soon removed to Gooch-
land County, where for many years he was one of
the most energetic, popular, and ellicient ministers
that ever labored in Virginia, lie was especially
successful in the " four days' meetings" of the time,
which were after a while iduuiged into our modern
"protracted meetings," and he was sent for from
near and remote places to c(jnduct such meetings.

Dr. Jeter said of him in this connection, "Fife
was among the first, if ho was not the very first,
of the Baptist ministers who labored in such meet-
ings. His gifts eminently fitted him for the service.
The freshness, vigor, and pathos of his sermons
rendered iiis ministry everywliere acceptable. One
of the early meetings of this order was conducted
by him and Baptist in the First Baptist church of
Richmond. Fife preached and Baptist exhorted,
for which he had n, remarkable gift. It was one of
the most successful meetings ever held in Rich-
mond. To this day the prosperity of the Baptist
denomination here is largidy due to its intiuence."
Tiie .converts in connection with his evangelistic!
labors were numbered by thousands. He was
always, an active promoter of missions. He and
his friend. Rev. Edward Baptist, were unquestion-
ably the founders of the Baptist General Associa-
tion of Virginia, wdiich was organized in Richmond
in June, 182ii.

When the great memorial meeting of this body
was held in Richmond in June, LSJil, he was pres-
ent, and tlicre were no happier men in the vast
throng than James Fife, one of the founders, and
J. B. Jeter, the first missionary of this grand or-
ganization. Noble vetei'aus of the cross, tliey were
full of labors and full of honors.

lie never ceased to love the courts of the Lord,
and to do what he could to win souls to Christ.
-Mways active in preacliiug lo and caring for the
spiritual interests of the colored pci.ple, In; was for
some tinu; after the war the pastor of one of their
(diurchi^s in Charlottesvilie, and the warm jilaee he
had in tlieir iilfections was attested by the throngs
of colored persons wdio attended his funeral.

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FILLMOIH-:

1311

FORD

lie dic'tl at liuiiie iiiiiiistcruil to by loving haiuls,
ami was' Ijui'iud liy iR'igliljurs and IVieiuls among
wlioiii lie hail livud lor many yoar.s. lie lias lelt
Ijeliind a IVagi'aiit nuMiiui'y and a spotless record.

Fillmore, Mrs. Millard, widow of e.\-l'resident
Filhnoi-c, was Liorn at JSlorristown, N. J., Oct. 27,
18 1 3. Tier maiden name was Oaryline Carmieliael,
yonngestdauglitei'ofOliaidesOavmieiiael and Tenipe
AV'ii-kliam Mlaelily. Slie was ba|Hi/.ed by the hite
Krv. (!i,'0. I'l. Idi^, I'.D., and was, with hei- lii'st hns-
band, the late Kzc;kiel U. Melntosh, iOsq., of Al-
ban}', a member of the veneiable lU'. ^V^eleh s
ehiireli. She was married to Mr. Fillmore by the
liov. Wm. Hague, D.H. She \va.s a woman oF
great retinemeiit and eiiltnre, and had a riehly-
storcd mind resulting IVom extensive reading.
Her mansion was exq\iisiiely fnrnished, being
adorned with a v<-ry large coll(s;tion of (;X|iensive
paintings. She was constant in her attendance at
her chosen church, the ^Vashington Street IJaptist,
of Buffalo, of which .she was a faithful nu'mljer.
She was a liberal giver to denomiiuiticnial mission-
ary .siieieties and to every good cause. She loved
to read the sermons of Spurgeon, and enjoyed direct
<'hristian conversation. She died in Buffalo, Aug.
n, 1881.

Foote, Rev. C, C, was born in Jlassillon, 0., in
March, 1831. His father was an uttorney-at-law
in that ]dace, iind a graduate of Union College,
Schenectady, N. Y.

He was left fatherless in infancy, and was taken
by ills mother to her native town, Shalersville,
Portage Co., 0., where ho passed his eliildhood, at-
ti'iiding the village schools. At twelve years of
age lie wa.s converted, and the next year was im-
mersed, and there being no Baptist church there,
he united with the Disciples. Soon afterwards he
removed to Summit Co., O. In 1848 he entered the
classical school of I'rof. Henry Childs, in Clevelaiui.

In November, 1 85 1 , he began a three years' course
of study at Hiram College, 0., during the last two
years of which he taught classes, — chielly in ijatin,
Greek, German, astronomy, algebra, and philos-
ophy.

In 1852, while a student, he liegau to preach, and
the next year supplied the pulpit- in Shalersville.
He was formally set apart to the ministry in Hiram
in November, 1851, and through the following three
years occupied pulpits suoeessively in Sharon, Pa.,
and in Shalersville and North Bloomlield, 0.

In the spring of 1858 he entered upon his lirst
regular pastorate in llavenna, 0. Following tliat
he had pastoral charges in (Cleveland, 0., New York
City, and l'hihnbdphi;i, Pa.

In 1870 and 1871, while in New York City, he
oocuyiie<l (i place on tlie board of managers of the
American Bible Union, serving as recording secre-
tary of that Society ; he was as.soeiated with I)r.s.

Armitage and W. H. Wyckoffas the Committee on
Versions.

In Philadelphia he took the eours« of elocution
in. the National School of lOlocution anil Oratory.

In July, 1870, he was regularly ordained to the
Baptist ministry in the Centennial Baptist church,
I'hiladelphia. From that time he occupied tlie chair
of Mental and Moral Philosophy in the National
School of Filocutioii and Oratory, and supplied va-
rious Baptist pulpits in that city until February,
1881, when he became pastor of the I'irst Baptist
church of 'I'opeka, Kansas.

About four hundred students have, come under
his instruction as a teacher, and about one thousand
persons have been converted under liis ministry.,

Mr. Foote is a devoted Cliristiau and a preacher
of decided ability.

French, Georg'S R. For article, hce jiage 417.

or.oKOE It. ii(i':NC'll.

Ford, Rev. David Barnes, was born in South
Scituate, Mass., Nov. lU, 1820, and was a graduate
of Brown University in the class of 1845. .Vmong
his classmates were Ivev. Drs. AY. II. Eaton, W. F.
llaiisell, S. Haskell, K. M. Snow, M.K., and Hon.
Eli i\Iayer, M.G. On leaving the, university he en-
tered the Newton Theological Institution, and took
the full three year.s' cour.so of study, graduating in
the class of 1848. having among his classmates
liev. Dr. A. Hovey, since lSI'i8 the presidenl. of the
institution. For two years, 1S47-4'.), he was in-
structor in Hebrew.. He was nrdained in Can-
ton, Mass., Sept. 25, 1851, and was pastor of the
uhurcli in that place! until 1854. On account of a

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FRAZER

1312

FULLER

chronic difl'iciilty in. liis tliroat ho was obliged to
relinquisli tiie rogular work of the pastorate, al-
though he has been able to pi'cach more or loss as
an occasiimal supply, cspeeially Tor the ehureh in
North Jlarshfield, Mass. For quite a nuiulier of
years he has devoted himself to literary worli,
writing for the prineii)al reviews, and, in gonj unc-
tion with Dr. Ilovey, traiishiting I'ertlies's "Life
of Olirysostoni" (1S54). lie has also published
" Studies on tlie baptismal tjuestion," including a
review of Dr. llale's ''Intpiiry into the Usage of
Hapti/.o," Boston and New Yiu'lt, 1ST9. Of tliis
work V>r. IJarnas Sears says, " It is a tliesaurus, a
work of ininiense laljur, of extensive research, and
of sound learning," etc. This opinion is waririly
indorsed by Rev. Drs. Kranklin Johnson, A. llovey,
J. L. Burrows, and President E. (j. Koltinson, the
latter of whom says, '' I have read tlie work witli
great pleasure. I liope it will have tlie wide circu-
lation to which its merits entitle it." Mr. Ford is
engaged in writing a commentary on Romans in
connection with Rev. Dr. A. N. Arnold. His resi-
dence is now (18S2) in Hanover, Mass.

Frazer, Hon. Robert, was bom in Orange Co.,
Va,, in l.So'J, and was baptized in lcS52. In Octo-
ber, IS59, he entered the University of Virginia,
and enjoyed until the spring of 1801 the advan-
tages of that great seat of learning. He was anx-
ious to complete his course at Charlottesville, but
when Virginia called her sons to her defense
Robert Frazer enlisted as a private soldier in tlie
Rockbridge Artillery, which was composed of se-
lect young men, whose guns were heard on well-
nigh every field in which the Army of Nortliern
Virginia fought, and which won a distinguished
reputation in the Confederate army. Mr. Frazer
was one of the bravest soldiers in this well-known
battery. In 1S63 he was disabled by severe wounds,
and returned to the university. In 1864 lie ac-
cepted an appointment as professor in the Florida
Military Institute, which position he filled witli
marked ability until after the close of the war,
when he returned to Virginia.

For several years he taught a boys' school in his
native county-, and in ISGO became associated with
Rev. H. H. Wyer in the conduct of the Fauquier
Female Institute, becoming its president in 1872.

'Sir. Frazer lias never taken any active part in
polities, but when in 1874 (without solicitation)
he was appointed consul to Palermo, he accepted
tlie position. He devoted himself so faithfully to
the duties of his consulate that when at the end
of two years he resigned, he was urged by the
State Department to remain, although it was
known tliat his politics were not in accord with
those of the adniinistration. But in going abroad
he liad p(M-fi'cted himself in modern languages,
and he insisted on returning to his loved work as

jiresident of the Fauquier Fenmle Institute of ^Var-
rcntiin, Va.

With tine grounds and buildings,»and with an
establislied -reputation for the thoroughness of its
instruction. Prof. Frazer, one of the aljlest edu-
cators in the country, has before hini a flattering
career of usefulness. Of ])leasing address, a born
teacher, and devoted to his calling, aliove all, an
earnest Christian and active SundAy-school super-
intendent. Prof. Frazer stands among the foremost
of our A'irginia Baptist laymen.

Fuller, Hon. Robert 0., was born in C-ambridge,
Mass., in l.S2'J. AV'licii he was t(uite young he lost
his father, and thenceforth was thrown largely on
Ills own resources to make his way in the world.
Availing himself of such opjiortunities as he had

IIO.V. ItOIiKRT O. FULLER.

to obtain an education, he commenced his business
career at the early age of fourteen. Like so many
other men who have achieved success and an hon-
orable and useful position in society, he worked
his way up by diligent application to liis calling in
life and fidelity to his duties, until, having reached
the age of twenty-five, he went into business for
himself. Success attended him in his mercantile
pursuits, and he is now (18S2J the senior memlier
of the well-known firm of Fuller, Dana & Fitz
(Hon. E. C). Mr. Fuller has more than once been
honored by his fellow-eiii/.ens, who lia\e elected
him to places of civil trust and service. For two
^rars lie was a member of the city e(nineil of his
native city, and might have lieen chuseu to othei-
city positions, which he declined on account of the

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GATES

1313

GILBERT

pi'L'ssiire of utlier eii^airoiiioiitd. For one year lie
repi-osented tlie city of Cambridge, one of the most
intelligent communities in New England, in the
Massaohutiotta Legislature. So well did he dis-
charge his duties in this capacity that he was chosen
a monilier of the State Senate, and was in office two
years.

A few years since .Mr. I'ulli'r made an extended
tour in the old world. While on this tour ho vis-
ited many of the stations of the Missionary Union
iiRlie Kast and elsewhere, carefully noticing with
the eye of a sagacious and successful business man
the workings, even to the minute details, of our iiiis-
.sionary system in foreign lands. Returning to his
native country, he everywhere, as opportunity of-

fered, bore his most cheerful testimony to the earnest
lidelity of the servants of Christ toiling in far-off
lands, and the wonderful results which had followed
their self-sacrificing labors, lie takes an interest
in all matters afieoting the prosperity of the cause
of Ciirist. For several years he was a member of
the board of managers of the ISFissionary Union,
and since 187'J a meml)cr of the executive Ijoard
in Boston, and in conjunction with some of the
most gifted men of the denomination is engaged in
the noble Christian work of sending the gospel to
those who " sit in the region and shadow of death."
In tlie prime of a useful life, we cannot doubt if that
life is spared he will continue to devise and execute
liberal thin";s for his Master.

'■» >-<g^>"< "«i

G.

Gates, Rev, Granville, was bom in Maine,
Broome Co., N. Y., April 17, 1829. At the ago
of eighteen he united with the Baptist Church,
having Ijeen converted in childliood, through the
instrumentality of a mother who <lid not live to
know on earth the result of her faitlif ulness. For
three years subsequent to 1S50 he was a member
of the board of supervisors of Broome County.

In 185.'J he was licensed to preach, and was or-
dained at West Nanticoke in January of the fol-
lowing year, lie continued to labor in the State
of New York, and chiefly among the churches of
the Broome and Tioga Association, for thirteen
years, spending two years at West Nanticoke, si.x
years at Centre Lisle, four years at Mott's Corners,
and one year at Ovid.

In the spring of 1807 he accepted an appoint-
ment from the Home Mission Society to labor in
the A\^est. Locating' soon after at Highland, ho
devoted ten years to missionary work in Northeast
Kansas, gathering the churches of itoy's Crotdc,
Hiawatha, Sabetha, Valley Falls, and Blue Rapids.
In 1878 he became pastor of the Ba|itist church of
Emporia, which had been in a languishing condi-
tion for some years. In June ho resigned the care
of this church to accept an appointment as gen-
eral missionarv of Kansas.

Gee, Rev. W. Sandford, w.as liorn near Bowling
GriTii, Ky., .March I'J, 1,S47. His parents removed
to Illinois in 1S.")2; was brought up upon a farm ;
taught school for seven yi^ars ; was ordaine(l in
Illinois ; graduated from the theohigical drparl-
ment of Shurtlcif Collrgc. His lir.-,t pastorate, of
three years, was at Muunt A'ernon. At jireseut he

is pastor of the First Baptist church of Lincoln,
Neb., where he has labored for three years. Ho
was elected chaplain of the house of representa-
tives in the session of 1881.

Gifford, Rev. Orrin P., was born in Montague,
Mass., April 15, 1847. He pursued his preparatory
studies at the Connecticut Literary Institution,
where he graduated in 1870, and then entered
Brown University. He took the full four years'
course, and graduated in the class of 1874. Among
his classmates were Rev. T. S. Barbour, of Orange,
N. J., and Nathan Leavenworth, A.M., late prin-
cipal of the Worcester Academy. IMr. Gillbrd pur-
sued his theological studies at the Rochester, N. Y.,
Seminary, and graduated in 1877. He was or-
dained in Pitt.sfiold, Mass., in 1877, as ])astor of the
church, among whose mini^t6rs have been Rev.
iJrs. L. Porter- and Wayland Iloyt, and one of
whose honored and beloved members was Governor
0. N. Briggs. Ho remained with this church until
the spring of 187'J. In March of that year he en-
tered upon his duties as pastor of the Warren
Avenue church, Boston, the old historic Second
Baptist church, auKJUg whose jiastors were Rev.
Dr. Thomas Biildwin, Rev. James D. Knowles, and
Rev. Dr. Baron Stow. Mr. (iiflbrd )iossesses un-
usually attractive pulpit gifts, ami his ministry has
been blessed to the-cburcln>s of whirh he has been
the pastor.

Gilbert, Deacon Timothy, was born in lOnlield,

Mass., -Ian. .'i, I7'.)7. lb' was scilale in boyhood

and fund of bonks, and made rapid |jroi;ress ia his

j edueatlciO. He was ilevotedly attached to bis

parents, es]iecially to his mollier, wliose instrnc-

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GILBFAtT

1314

GIVEN

tions controlled liis iiiiiul antl lieart until ho full
iiitotlio sloop fi-oiii whicli tlie resiu-rection tnuiipot
only iiwakcs. llo Wiis convicti:il of sin in oiu-ly
life, but the eon-uptions of his hourt and a " will

DEACON TIMOTHY GII.IIKRT.

perverse and terribly uuyieldinj;" struj;gled long
against the inthienoes of the Spirit. At last grace
triumphed, and he ))ecanie one of the most devoted
Christians in the entire eirolo in which he moved,
and this consecration markeil his course until he
entered upon the lieavonly rest.

When he was converted ho was surrounded by
Congregatiunalists, but the study of the New Tes-
tament made him a ISaptist, and lie went throe and
a half miles to Jiolchortown to unite with a Bap-
tist church, lie was ha]itizod Jan. .'), 1817, by
Rev. I'avid Pease in the river covered with drift-
ice, while around him gathered the church singing,

"Christians, if your hearts iiro warm,
Ico atiii SHOW will do liu liui m ;^'

after which he walkiid iiioi-e than half a mile with-
out change of garuients anil without injury.

Ill l>econiber, 18 IS, he removed to Boston, and
lietiame an apprentice to a cabinet-maker; afti'i--
wards he leariioil the piano-forto business, and in
time booamo tht; hoail of a firm whioli onjtiyod a
large measure of prosperity, atid ho' u(OU|pii'd this
position until his death.

lie abhoried slavery as much as any man upon
this oimtinenl-, ami nothing would induce him tu
countonanoo it in any way. Fugitives fiom blind-
age found a rofiiiic in his house, ami funds in his

purse to aid them in their way to Canada. lie was
the friend of ever}' man in iin elevated or in an
obscure position wlio sympathized with the bond-
man. Ill; u'ould choerliilly have sull'ercd martyr-
dom rather than have aided in the eiiforcennuit of
a law to return the ))anting fugitive to liondage.

He was an eminent (Viond iif gospel I'.xtension,
and cherished an unipu'iiohablo de.-.iro to sooure a
spacious hall where the imur y][ Boston, the yuiing
of both se.xes whose financial resources were lim-
ited, and all strangers might assemlile without cost,
except aiL ordinary collection, to worship the loving
Redeemer. And as a result of this blessed pur-
pose ho bi;eanie the father of the Tremont Tomide
enterprise, wdiere a church of 12UU (1882) members
(ind an imnLonse congregation gather in a spacious
and magnificent room, whose pews are free for the
worship of that God wdiose salvation is " without
money and without price." (Sec article on Tkf.m^jnt
TiiMiM.E.) This enterprise was but one indieation-of
the missionary s]iirit of l>oacon Gilbert-, his love
for the s|iroad of the gospel showed itself in his
interest in Sunday-schools, in the labors of evan-
gelists, and in home and foreign missionai'y efforts.

Timothy (iilbert was inlloxibly honest in all his
iloalings and in every relation ; he Wits unsellisli ;
he was pure in his emotions, and in his habits
without vice ; ho had an intense love for his fellow-
mon, and above that, a reverential, always abiding
love fiir God, wdiicli expressed itself in his daily
walk and conversation, and formed, fo to speak,
the atmus)ihere in which he moved. Willi such
qualities he bocamo fiu-omost in business, foremost
in the church with wdiieh he was connected, and
foremost in the social and political reforms for
which New England is famous.

Mr. Gilbert died July I'J, 1855. His memory
will ever be precious in the pliilanthiopio and
evangelical circles of Boston.

Given, Rev. G. W., was liorn at Bowdoinlon,
Mo., Oi't. 8, 1837. llo removed to NowOrhnins in
1857, and united "rtilh the Coliseum Place Bajitist
churcli in January, 185S. lie was licensed Ijy the
BrLiad Street Baptist ehiircli, .Moliile, Ala., in Feb-
ruai'y, 1859, and began his studios for the ministry
at Howard College. In Juno, 1801, he enlisted in
the Confoilorato army, and was wounded in the
battle of Frn/.ior's Farm June 31), I8(jl!. Upon his
discharge from the army sluntly afterv\ards, he
began to teach . at Falkland and preiioh at Eii-
taw, Ala. lie was ordained, by i-c(|uest of the
church at Futaw, May 31, 18(;3. ;ind simn after
returned to the army as a missionary of ihi' Boai'd
of Domestic and Indian Missions of the Southern
Baptist Convention, in whiili service he roniiiined
until the end of ftie war. In IS(i7 he bicame a
student of the Southern Baptist Theological SiMiii-
I iiai-y, and was graduated in all nf its lOnglish

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coir

1315

GRA VES

Schools. IIo then bocaiiie piistur of tlie olmrcli in
Augusta, Ky. In I.S75 1](! ncoi'ptfil au ai;''Mc:y for
tlii) Soutlioi'ii JJapl.ist 'I'licdlogical iSiruiiiiary, lijr
wliicli liu liail [iii:viou.sly iloiu; hoiuu liniit.iMl -.I'^f.ncy
vvui-k. llu lias boon eiiipldvoj IVdiii that tiiuu to
tlio present in securiiiL; thu Kiiutueky portion of
the enilowiiient of that institution, i\ii- whieh ser-
viee his winnitij; and conciliatory aihlress, and his
earnest and raitlil'ul perseveranee atnid all diflicnl-
ties and laliors, have especially lilted hiui.

Gow, George Boartlman, D.D., was born in
WaterviUe, »Me., not Car I'roni ISol!, and was a
jjraduate of WaterviUe CoUei^e, now Colby Uni-
versity, in the class of 18;')2. Auuuig his classmates
was llev. I'lichard M. Nott, a brother of Abner
Kingiium Nott, and tiie author of his nn'Mioirs. lie
was prinei|)al of the Litchfield Institute, Me., 18.32-
03, an<l was a teacher in the WaterviUe Academy,
1S53-.55. In 1S.55 he entereil the Newton Tlieo-
logical Seminary, ami pursued the regular three
years' course of study, lyo.'J-S.S. Among his class-
mates were llev. Drs. (i. lUillen, A. Owen, II. A.
S;iwtelli', and W. S. i\Iacken/.ie. He was ordained
in September, 185S, and was pastor of the church
in Ayer, Mass., three years, 185.S-C1. lie then
acco|ited an appointment as principal of the New
London Institute, N. II. , and heUl the odiee three
years, 18Gl-(i4, at the end of which period he re-
turned to the jiastorate, and for three years, 1SG4-
G7, had charge of the church in Gloucester, Mass.
His next settlement was in A\'oreester, where ho
was> pastor five years, 1867-72. He resigned in
order to enter upon his duties as an agiMit to raise
an cndownu'iit for the AVoreestcr Academy. He
was occupied with this important and successful
work two years, 1872-74, at tlie end of which time
he once more returned h) the active duties of the
ministry, and was pastor of the eliurch in Millbuvy,
Mass., six years, 1874-80. He entered iijion his
jjresent (1882) yiastorate in 15rattleb(irougli, Vt., in
1880. Colby University conferred upon him in 1881
the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In the different
positions which he has tilled Dr. Gow has earned
for himself a good name as a faitliful, zealous, and
sucecssful minister of Christ.

Grande Ligne, Evangelical Society of, was
commenced, at the chise of hS.'i.'j, by M.adame Fel-
ler and Rev. Louis Uous.sy, who bad lecently left
.Switzerlaml for the purpose of can-ying the gospel
til thi! Ijcnighted French ('anadians. Numerous
Komish ehurches, colleges, convents, iiospitals,
and asylums, with their immense wealth, were
both the signs and instruiiu'iits nf undisputed papal
sway over Lower Canada. It seemed to be absn-
lutely irniccessihle to the gos])el, and, previous to tne
ari'ival of Maibuiiu Fclhn' and .^h•. Itoussy, mi mis-
tained elUu't had been made to enlighten it. 'I'iiere
are now several societies engaged in the work of

French Canadian evangidi/.ation, but the Baptist
mission was the pioneer. Very little was done lor
a year or two; but after tlu! opening bad been
nuide many friends of other demnninations helped
the infant cause. In 18 |(l an institute was begun tit
La Grande Ligne, with the primary view of train-
ing future laborers, — evangelists, teachers, and pas-
tors. At the same time it I'uriiislunl the best means
of educating the grown-U[) children of isolated Prot-
estant converts living in the midst of Konnin Cath-
olic communities.

In IS,"".!! a school for girls was opened at St. Pie ;
but in 1855 the mission premises were burned, and
the Feller Institute, as it was called, was removed
to Longueil. This has since been removed to
Grande Ligne, where till the educational work of
the mission is now conducted. 'I'he new Feller
Institute building was erected at a cost of §8000,
and was opiMied July I, 1880, free from debt.

" It is estimated," says the; llev. A. Thorrien,
" that over 4000 French Canadians have been led
to emljrace the gospel through tlie direct instru-
mentality of this mis-;ion, 15 churcdies have been
organized, 2000 young people educated, and 22
young men yirepared for the ministry, or for evan-
gelists and colporteurs." Several French piistora
and missionaries now laboring among their fellow-
countrymen in the United States were converted
and trained at La Grande Ligne. Of these are
Revs. L. Auger, of Stryker, 0. ; II. 15. Desroches,
of Detroit, Mich. ; F. X. Smith, of Fidl Itiver,
Mass. ; J. N. Williams and E. Lager, who labored
among the scattered French Caiiadians in New
England ; and A. Chatrand, of Elivon, Kansas.
Most of the French ciiurehes in the United States
also owe their existence, indirectly at least, to the
Grande Ligne Mission. There are seven churches
directly connected with the mission.

Graves, 'Rev. A. P., was bom in Ilopkinton,
Middlesex (,'u., Mass., dune 23, 1829. Ashorttime
after putting his trust in Christ he was baptized,
August 10,-1851, in the i'assumpsic Uiver, four miles
below St. Johnsbury, Vt. Immediately after bap-
tism he fidt that he was called of God to preach,
anil he pursued his studies for the ininistry_,nt New
Hampton, N. II.. and Mailison University. He
was ordained at Truxton, N. Y., ■where be remained
iiuu'e than three years. He was subsequently set-
tled for brief periods as pastor in Laenn, HI., Lake
(Jity, Minn., Iveypin-t, N. J., and liroiddyn, N. Y.
In these settlenu'iits i\Ir. Graves enjoyed encour-
aging success. In liis dnndoeimo " From Earth to
Heaven," issued in 18s2, lie says, " I h.ave now
been an evangelist abunt eleven years, and have
held min-e than two hundred series uf I'evival meet-
ings in as many dillerent towns and cities. 1 have
kept no accurate statistical record of the results of
my labors, but have reason to believe that in my

!•';, ,^

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GRA VES

1316

GUNN

gospel meetings many tlious;uiil3 have professed
conversion."

Graves, Rev. Henry L., was imni in Yaucey-
ville, N. 0., I'VIj. -J^, is 10; -i-aanalc'd IVoiii tlio
University of Nortli Carolina aTid Kaiiiilton Tlieo-
lo^^ieal Seminary, N. Y. ; ordained in Novenilior,
18.37 ; was the lirst president uf lia_vh)r UniveV.sity,
Texas, froni ISl(i-lS,"il ; serveil acreptahly as ]iiistiir
of the Inde'pcnilenee eluireh ; during tlic war was
president of tiie Female College, Fairlield, Te.xas,
and from 1S7-1-70 was president of Ba^'lor Female
College. He was the first president of the 'I'exas
Baptist State Convention, and ably filled the same
ofiice for sixteen years. Morell's " Flowers and
Frnits.or 'I'hirty-Six Years in Texas," says of him,
''His qnalifieations entitle him to the position, in
the estinnition of liis brc^thven, of a refined and
educated Christian gentleman." He has been
moderator of Union Association, and is now presi-
dent of the Baptist Education vSociety of Texas,
and lias .seen mneh service, and has always been
regardi'd as a wise cminteKjr in Bii|)tist assemblies.
Grier, Prof. William Thompson, A.M., was
born near Salem, N. ■]., May 11, 1S50. Having
been fitted for college at an academy in his native
town, lie entered the Freshman class of the nni-
versity at Lewisbnrg in September, 1S67. In 1871
he was graduated with the highest honors of Ins
3lass, and was immediately elected Professor of
Ancient Languages in Monoiigahela College, Pa.
He remained there lonr yei^rs, during a jiart of the
;ime acting as president of the college. In this
position he was very successful, and his work was
'lighl^' appreciated. The presidency of tlie college
ivas offered to him, but he declined to accept it.
[n 1875 he was elected Professor of the Latin Lan-
guage and Literature in the uidversity at Lcwis-
jurg, anil his success has more than justified his
dioicc. He is deservedly po[iular lioth in the univer-
' iity and outside of it. The standai'd of scholarship
n his department is high. Prof, drier jiromises to
jecome one of the scholars of the denomiTiation.
[le is a thorough teacher, is an excellent speaker,
md everywhere well represents the university.

GrofF, Prof. Qeorg-e G., M.D., was born in
Chester Co., I'a., in .\pril, l.S'il. He received his
■arly education in Phocnixvillc and Norristown
md in the State Normal School at West Chester.
le subsequently entered the University of Michi-
jan, and afterwards graduated in medicine from
he Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y.,
n 1877. He at once lipcamc the. teacher of Natural
sciences in the Slat<! Normal Sidiocd at AW'st (!hcs-
er, which iiositiiui he held until I87'J, when he was
lected to the chair of Natural Sciences in the uni-
'ersity at Lewisbnrg. This position he fills with
narked ability, and with much acceptance to all
villi know his daily life.

Grow, Rev. T. D., was bom at Hartland, Vt.,
Jan. L!l, 18-1. His grandfather was a pioneer
Baptist minister in Vermont. His brother, llev.
James Grow, of Cnnnectieut, was one of the first
to assist in tlio foreign work, sending Dr. Judson
$50, out cif S2(I0 salary, before the mission was
thoroughly organized. Hiscousin was u misnion-
ary to Siani, and di<!d there. His widow is now
the wife of Dr. Dean. He was educated at New
Hampton, N. 11., and ordained May 1, 1850, in
Kane Co., 111. Most of his ministerial work has
been in AV^isconsin, Missouri, and Kansas. Ciuito
a number of churches have been formed under his
labors.

Guild, R. A., LL.D. For article, see page 480.

R. A. GL'II.n, I.I,.D.

Gunn, Rev. David Brainard, was bom in Mon-
tague, Mass., May 8, 1823 ; had very early impres-
sions respecting his need of Christ as his Saviour ;
also that he should become a minister of the gos-
pel. When about ten years of age he was convicted
of sin, but he did not at that time indulge a hope
in Jesus. In January, 1838, he was s|jecially
moved by the Holy Spirit and led into light, and
ho enlisted as Christ's soldier. U|)on the follow-
ing Thanksgiving-day he was baptized with tlirc^e
brothers and a sister. In bs.'i-l, being greatly,
strengthened by the Holy Spirit, he began in earn-
est the work of soul-winning. He was licensed
by tlic Shelburne Falls, Mass., Baptist church, of
which he was a member. Wishing to devote liim-
seir wdioUy to the ministry, he sold out his business
and home, and removing to the West, settled in

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GUNN

1317

llAlililS

Warsaw, 111., organi/ed a church, and was ordained
as its pastor in Auj^ust, IS;"i7. Tliere lie toiled
nearly four years, and added to it aliuiit loO mem-
bers. Afterwards lie held brief jiasturates in Car-
thage, 111., and llannibal, Mo. Karly in 1865 he
settled in Sandwich, ill., where in the ionrtli year
of a very pleasant pastorate his health completely
failed fur two years. Then slowly returning
strength enabled him to enga^'C as a supply, which
after a year or two led him into evangelistic and
missionary labors, wdiich have been continued,
mostly in the States of Illinois and Kansas, until
the present time. God has signally blessed Mr.
Gunn's ministry.

Gunu, Rev, Elihu, was born in Montague,
Mass., .Jan. 3, IMS. His ancestors were of the
Puritan stock, and had been stanch Baptists on
both sides for several generations, Iteing the ear-
liest settlers in that part of the State, and among
those who suffered ]iersecution from the "standing
order" for conscience' sake. He ijuhlicly confc.NSi.'d
Christ in his twenty-first year. His earliest desire
was to secure an education ami become a minister
of Christ. He entered the Freshman class in Madi-
son University in 1.S44, and he graduated from the
theological seminary in l.St'.l. lie was soon after
ordained at North Snndi.'rianil, Mass., and went
as a missionary to the new State of Iowa. Settled
first at Keokuk, then a frontier town of 15(J()
people. He was then president of the Central
University, of Iowa, five years. Afterwards he was
pastor at Mount Pleasant nearly nine years. He
then camo to Kansas, aad was pastor at Atchisno

three years, district secretary of the American
Baptist Home Mission Society for Kansas and Mis-
souri three and a half years, and since May, 1877,
he has bci;n pastor of the Baptist church at Fort
Scott, Kansas. Mr. (Jiinn has baptized 447 per-
sons, including all of his five children.
Gwin, D. W., D.D. For article, see page 482.

L). \y. (i\l"l.N, IM>.

"'Bi ^-oOoiji" it~

H.

Hardwicke, Rev. J. F., was born iu Virginia in
1837; united with the church when a boy; com-
menced preaching when but eighteen. Alter pur-
suing his studies with his brother, Kev. J. B.
Hardwicke, he entered a classical school. In ISG'J
he matricuhued at the Southern'Baptist Theologi-
cal Seminary, at Greenville, .S-. C. When the war
com|icllcd its school to suspend he retired to Vir-
ginia, and entered upon the pastorate. He served
the church at Milton, N. C, and also that at Ephe-
'sus. He then removed to Western Virginia, and
succeeded in establishing a church at Huntington.
Mr. Hardwicke is now pastor at Bowling Green,
Ky. xV man of genial disposition, blessed with a
mind of decided vigor, and a close student of the
Scriptures, he ranks with the best preachers oi'iiis
State.

Harris, Rev. Elmore, was born in 18.54, near
the city of Brantfuid, Ontario, Canada. His fatlier
was a manufacturer, and intended his son for
tlie same calling; but God had othin-wise designed.
He was Ijrought to (.'lirist in April, 1870, and in
the following year, when hut a lad of seventeen, he
preached his lirst sermon. I'or nearly two years
he studied in tin; high .school in Beanisville, and
the Collegiate Institute of the city of St. Cath-
arines. He afterwards attended the University
of Toronto, taking two scholarships in classics and
the first prizes in Oriental laniruagex. He gra<l-
uated in 1877, receiving the degree of B.A. In
1870, a year l)efore he finished his university course,
he became pastor of the First Baptist church of
St. Thomas, where be still labors with great ac-
I ccptanee. During his five years' ministry the First

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HA RETS

1318

niLDRF/rn

and Zion churches, unrdi'tunatcly &eveix>il, have
been united, and a handsome structuve ereetoj in
the centre of the city, eostinj; $17,000. The mem-
bership lias mure tlian doubled. Mr. Ilarri.s is one
of tlie risinji; men in the JSaptist luinisti-y of the
New Dominion.

Harris, John, of Brantford, Ontario, Canada,
wa^ hdin in IS4l,in the fci.iwnshi|) of Townsenii, in
the sanio province. At the ago of twenty-one he
entnreil into partnership with liis father, Mr. Alan-
son Hands. He is a man of eonsideralde means
and of distinguished lilierality. He is at present
the teacher of a large IJible-class, numbering, at
times, 150 persons, iu the First ehureh, at Brant-
ford. 'IMiere are continual accessions to the idiureh
from this class. He has also an e.Ncellent gift in
presenting the gospel to the unsaved, and has been
greatly blessed in this work in the neigliburhood
of his own city and at otiier points. An earnest
Bible student, a diligent worker, a generous con-
tributor to all benevolent and denominational o!j-
jccts, and a true friend, he has fairly won the
high position he holds among the Baptist laymen
of Canada.

Harpey, Rev. W. P., was born March 15, 1843,
in tlie county of Oalway, Ireland. lie came to the
United States in 1851 with his parents, wdio were
devout Roman Catholics, and settled in Kentucky.
At fifteen he was converted, and united with the
Baptist church in Maysville, Ky., under the min-
istry of Uev. George Hunt. In 1859 he entered
Georgetown College, and' remained as a student
until 1801, wiien lie enlisted as a Union soldier in
the 10th Kentucky Volunteers. In 1803 he en-
tered Kentucky University, and graduated in 1805.
lie was ordained in 1872, and became pastor of
Ilarrodsbnrg liaptist church. He has also been
pastor of Lawrouceburg, Lancaster, and Unity
churches, and is now pastor of Salrisa Baptist
churcli. He has been actively associated with all the
denominational enter|irises of the State, and took a
y)rominent part in the Kentucky centennial etl'ort
to raise money for the Orphans' Home and Southern
Baptist 'I'luMdogical Seminary.

Mr. Harvey is a man of ability who has road
extensively ; he enjoys in a large! measure the con-
•iidence and respect of his brethren in and ovit of
the ministry. Ilis Centennial Address in 1875
was delivered at Ilarrodsburg, Long Run Associa-
'tion, and at Mount Sterling. It was published
in the Courier and Journal, of Louisville, the
, Western Recorder, and Forir.s Christian I'eposi-
torij, anil it was conci'ded that in lii>torical accu-
racy, rcsearcli, and valuable information it was an
oration of extraordinary worth.

Mr. Harvey has added largely to the material
prosperity of Harrodsburg by his business talents,
and he has built up his churches in numbers and

in knowledge. In Salrisa. at present, ho is rear-
ing a beautiful edifice for the worship of God, and
for liimself, unintentionally, he is i)reparing a flat-
tering pl.ne in the hearts of Iventucky liaptists.

Heck, Col. J. M., was bom in West Virginia in
1831. Ilis education was begun in the schools of
his native place, and lini^hed at Rector College.
He read law with Edgar C. AN'ilson, of Morgantown,
where he entered upon the practice of his profi'ssinu
in 1857, in partnership with Hon. P. II. Keck. He
was soon elected Commonwealth's attorney for his
county, and was a colonel of militia. He was a
member of the secession convention of Virginia in
1801 j organized and comnumded the 3l8t Virginia
Regiment j was captured at the battle of Rich
jMountain, and was not exchanged till late in 1802,
when he found himself without a command, his
regiment having been reorganized while he was in
prison. Under appointment of the Confederate
authorities, he was engaged in the manufacture of
bayonets and other munitions of war in Raleigh,
N. C, until the close of the war. He then directed
his remarkable abilities to the development of the
interests of his adopted State, turning his attention
to mining in iron, copper, and coal, to cotton plant-
ing, and conducting large o))erations in real estate.
Ilis great energy and extraordinary sagacity in
business soon enabled him to amass a handsiuno
fortune, which he uses witii the wisdom and liber-
ality of !i public-spirited citizen.

Col. Heck was baptized in Raleigh by Dr. T. II.
Pritchard, in March, 1804, and has displayed in
church relations the same activity and enterprise
which distinguished him in secular affairs.

lie was for years superintendent of the largest
Sunday-school in the State; president of the Bap-
tist Sunday-School I'.oaid ; pi'csidiMit of the Baptist
State Convention, and also of the Baptist Sunday-
School Convention in 1875. He is a trustee of the
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary of Louis-
ville, Ky., a trustee tjf Wake Forest College, and
a libera! bi.-nefactor of the last-named iristitution,
lie and Mr. John G. AVillianis, (iresident of the State
National Bank of Kaleigh, having ]u-esented to that
college a library hall which cost $10,000. 'I'his
buililing contains a library, reading-room, two so-
ciety halls, and two large rooms for the teaching
of science, known respectively as Ileck and Wil-
liams Hall.

Hildreth, William, D.L., was bom at South
Bend, Ind., Jan. 24, 1838. In 1S53 the family rc-
mov(!d to Sandyville, Iowa, ■where Mr. Hildreth was
baptized in 1851); lieense<l to preach in 180U. In
1801 he was called to the church at Lovilia, and the
following year was ordained. He entered Central
University, preaching once on the Sabbath for the
First church of Pella while he remained in the
school.

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ITOAKD

1319

IIOMAN.

llo iXMiioveJ to CliiUicothe, Mo., and served tlie
cliureli tliei'o one year, and aceepted an appoint-
ment IVoni tlie Aniei'ieau l}aptinl I'ulilieatiun So-
ciety as general Sniuiay-seliool missionary, in
wliieli eonneetion lie remained over three years.
After a brief |)astorate at I'leasant Hill, i\Io., lie
became j^eneral missionary ol' tbe Aineriean 15ap-
tist Homo Mission .Society, in wliieli work lie
continued tliree years, and during wliich he liap-
tized 4H4 persons.

In 1872 be removed to California, remaining
four years, preaching for the Tabernacle ehnreli,
San Francisco, and the church at San Jose. He
vcturned East in 1870, and settleil with the cliurch
at New Albany, Ind., where he remained lour
years, until called to the Union Baptist church of
Pittsburgh, his present field of labor.

Jlr. Hiklretb has built ten houses of worship,
raising for this purpose $107,1100. He received
into the churches with which lie has labored 2017
persons, of whom he has baptized loliO. In 1870
Judson University conferred upon him the degree
of D.I).

Hoard, Hon. Samuel, since 1836 has resided
at Chicago, one of its earliest and, during the
nearly half a century of his residence there, one
of its most useful and honored citizens. He was
born at "Westminster, Mass., May 20, 1800, of
English parentage, some of his ancestry having
been persons of rank and fortune. Receiving an
academical education, he pursued to some extent
the study of law, but Later embarked in journalism,
being connected, in 1828, with the licpuhtican, of
Franklin, N. Y., in association with Mr. James
Long, who, like himself, had married a daughter
of John Conant, Esq., of Brandon, Vt. In 1833
we tiiui hiui associated with Silas AVright, after-
wards so prominent in State and national polities,
in the editorial management of the St. Lawrcnice
Republican. Removing to Chicago in 183G, be was
speedily called to varinus posts of honorable ser-
vice, among them that of State senator and clerk
of the Circuit Court. In 1845 ho engaged in mer-
cantile business, and continued in it for many
years as one of the successful merchants of the
young and growing city. Mr. Lincoln a|)pointed
him jiostmastcr of the city in 1865. He has also
sei-ved lor a considerable period as president of the
Board of Education. Among the earliest and most
ellieicnt members of the First Baptist chureli, he
was one of tluise who, in 1864, united in consti-
tuting the pres(!nt Second church, and in both
these orguMizatioiis be has been active and ellicieiit
to a remarkalde degree, for fifteen years conducting
with peculiar tact and success a large infant-class
in the First church, and for ten years a young
mciii's Bible-class in the Second. During eleven
years past he has sei-vcd in the last-named church

as its senior deacon. Mr. Hoard was one of the
original c(M-porat(irs of the University of Chicago,
and, until advancing age made it seem to himself
desirable that he should retire, rcMnained one of the
most valued memliers of the board of trustees.

Hobart, Rev. Alvah Sabin, descended from
Rev. I'ctcr Hubart, who came from England to
America early in the seventeenth century, through
a line of Baptists who endured persecution for con-
science' sake under New England laws, was born
in Whitby, Ontario, March 7, 1847; spent his boy-
hood in Northern Vermont; removed for a little
while to Minnesota and Illinois, but returned to
Vi.'rmont in 1807 ; was baptized in 1868 at Fairfax,
Vt., by Rev. L. H. Dunn ; prejiarcd for college in
New Hampton Institute ; graduated at Madison
University, 1873 ; accepted a call to Morris, N. Y.,
Aug. 30, '1874 ; graduated at Hamilton 'I'heological
Seminary in 1875 ; was ordained at Morris, June
30, 1875; removed to IMount Auburn, Cincinnati,
0., in March, 1879, where he still remains, and ia
accounted one of the most promising young men in
the city and State.

Holmes, Rev. J. E. L., pastor of the Baptist
church at Savaunaii, Ca., was born in Southamiiton
Co., Va., about the year 1843. He served in the
Confederate army, during the civil war, until com-
pelled by ill health to retire. He entered Rich-
mond College, Va., in 1867, taking a full course,
and graduating in 1871, when he entered the .South-
ern Baptist Theological Seminary, in which he re-
mained three years, graduating in 1874.

From the seminary be went directly to Danville,
Va., where he assumed the pastin-ate of the Baptist
church, and whore ho remained seven years, lilling
his position with great success. In the summer of
1881 he resigned to accept a unanimous call from
the Savannah, C<a., Baptist church.

Under his pastoral care the eliureb at Danville,
Va., increased in spirituality and zeal, as well as
in numbers. As a pastor he was discreet and
affectionate, and as a worker he was diligent and
successful. His gentleness of manner, liis high
culture and eidarged benevolence, made him popu-
lar with all the good and intelligent pi'oplo of his
town, of every denomination. In bis n.ative State
he was regarded as one of the "coming men" of
his denomination.

He is a student, both of theology and literature.
Conservative, thoughtful, wise, considerate, and
prayerful, he seenjs destined to be distinguished
fin- usefulness, and to live in the hearts of the good
ami (,'lirist-l(jviug.

Homan, Rev. N. B., was born in Spencer Co.,
Ky., on Sept. 7, 1822. His father removed to Put
nam Co., Ind., when he was aliont live yeai's old.
At the age of sixteen he became^ deeply concerned
in rcL'ard to his salvation. He removed to Jones

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HOYT

1320

HUNT

Co., Iowa, in 1847. llu was " born again'' in that
plaee, and baptized in tlie spring of I84.S. In tliat
year lie and nine otIicrM formed the Baptist clinreli
of Fairview, Junes Co. In tlie year 1805 lie was
ealled to tlie work of the gospel ministry. On the
26th of April, 1850, he was ordained, and he served
the Falrview Baptist church as pastor ovep fifteen
years, the Anaiiiosa eliiircli four years. On Ja;i. 1,
IS73, he entered upon the jiastorate of the eliureh
at Vinton, Benton Co. In October, 1875, he went
to Kirwin, Phillips Co., where he has remained up
to the present time, laboring as pastor of the Ba[i-
tist eliurelios of Kirwin and Pliillipsbui-g.

Hoyt, David Webster, A.M., was born lit
Auiesbury I'erry, .Mass., April llj, 18.jj. lie pur-
sued his preparatory studies at the Putnam Free
School, Newbiiryport, Mass., and took a partial
course in Brown University, being connected with
the class of 1855. His life has been devoted to the
cause of education. Some of the positions he has
filled were in institutions in Beloit, Wis., Newton,
Upper Falls, Mass., Lexington, ^IMass., Philadelphia,
where he was, for a time, a-sistant professor of
mathematics, etc., in the Polytechnic College ui' the
State of Pennsylvania. Fur a little more than two
years he was Professor of Mathematics, etc., at
Fairfax, Vt. In February, 1801, he entered upon
his duties as a prumiiiiMit instructor in the Provi-
dence High .School. For two years, 187.5-70, he
was the president of the Kliode Island Institute of
Instruction. Mr. Hoyt takes great interest in genea-
logical studies, and in 1871 pulilished a large octavo
volume, containing memorials of the Hoyt, Ilaight,
and Ilight families. For many years he has been
an efficient member of the Baptist church, known
first as the Brown Street and then as the Union
church of Providence, in which he has held the office
of clerk and deacon. He ha.j also other positions of

• influence among the Baptists uf his itdopted city.
Middlebury (Jollege conferred on him in 1801 the
honorary degree of Master of Art.s, and Brown
University the same degree in 1872.

Hungate, Rev. James De P., was born in
"Washington Cu., Ind., .July 28, 1831. Ho was re-
ceived intu the Mill Creek Baptist church at four-
teen. When eighteen he was impressed that it
was liis duty to pn^acli. He graduated from
Franklin College in 1851, and was ordained in
1850, anil became pastor of the church at Salem,
Mariun Co., III., in 1858, where he built a meet-
ing-hmise and the membership of the church in-
creased from six tu sevi'.nty-six members. In 180)0
he was appuinlcil a missionary by the American
Baptist Home Mission .Society to Nebraska. In
May, 1804, ho started across the ))laiiis with his
wife and ehildren in a wagon, and, after a wi^ari-
somcjiiurney of 102 days, he arrived sale in the

.AVillamette Valley, Oregon. He was for three

years pastor at Salem, the State capital, when the
church increased from thirty-six to ninety-eight
iiienibers. He taught a Bible-cla.ss of thirty young
peo)ile, most of whom he baptized. In 1 >eceiiilicr,
1808, ho removed to California, where he labored
as a supply at Petahuna and other places. In the
autumn of 1872 ho returned to Nebraska, and in
1879 he became pastor at F/1 Dorado, Kansas, where
his labors have been blessed in erecting a meeting-
house and in building up the church.
Hume, Thomas, Sr, See article, page 557.

THOMAS IHIMF., SR.

Hunt, Geo. Langtord, D D., of Scotch descent,
was graduated Irum the High .School at Woburn,
Mass., the valedictorian of the class of 1857. lie
entered Waterville College, Me., and graduated in
the class of 1862. In the senior year the first |nMze
was awarded to him for the best written and de-
livered oration, in a competition between twelve
selected from the members of the highest standing
in the class. He entered Newton Theological In-
stitution ill 18(i2, and was ordaineil in Barre, .Mass.,
in 180)3. He was pastor in jVtIiul and Northaiiipton,
JI^jss., serving three years in each place, and in
l)ecember, 1809, accepted a call from tlu! Union Bap-
tist church in Mystic Biver, T'onn., which position
he filled successfully for eleven yi'ars. lUiring his
]iastorate this ini])(H'tant church grew tci be the
largest in membership in tin,' .Slate. He served as
statistical secretary of the Board of tlu! ('onncdieut
Slate (Junvention for ten years, and took a dcc[i
interest in the feeble churches, assisting them by
his wise counsels and indefati^'able labors, lie ex-

9111

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Ifoij;.)!

JAMES

1321

JOHNSON

eels in parliaiiieiitiiry kiKiwledge, und in courteous
lieiirinj; iis a |u-esiiJiii,L; iitlicei'. The (ilil .Stoiiiiii;t(ui
Uiiiuii Assueiatiou elected liini inodenitor foi- weveu
coiisooutive years. l>r. Hunt, tliough eonipara-
tively a young luan, is an uljle tlicologian, scholarly,
evangelical iu his preaching, and always ready to

ludp tlic unlurtunate. As a preaciier lie standi
liigh, and liua a Ihittcring reputation as a leo
lurcr. lie received the degree of A.M. from
his alma iiialcr in I8()5, and was made Doctor of Di-
vinity by Wake Forest College in 1875. lie is now
pastor of the First Baptist church, Iloboken, N. J,

J.

James, Rev, John Sexton, son of Prof. C. S.
James, was bo'ru in Philadelphia, Pa., July 20,
1848. He was baptized in February, 1815-4. He
was graduated with honor from the university at
Lcwisburg in- 1868, and from Crozer 'I'heulogieal
Seminary in 1871. He then spent a year in prose-
cuting his studies at the Universities of Krlangen
»nd Lci])sic, Uerniany. On his return, he accepted
a call to Allentown, Pa., and was oiiiained in Oc-
tober, 1872. He still serves this important church.
Mr. James edited a revision of Kurtz's "Church
History," with additions from the seventh lierman
edition. The work is largely used as a text-book
in Anierioan theological seniiiuirics. lie was pres-
ident of the Pennsylvania ]5aptist INIinisterial
Union in li!79, and of the Alumni Association of
the University at Lcwisburg in 1880. lie was
moderator of the Heading Association in 187'J ai\d
188L). Mv. James is a successful pastor iind a clear
and impressive preacher.

Jennings, Mr. Francis, was born at Melksham,
Wiltshire, Kngland, Nov. 3, 1808, and was the son
of AVilliani and Mary (Jcdms) Jennings. From
1815 till 1821 he -attended the Baptist Sunday-
school at 'I'rowbridge. His mother -ivas a Baptist.
He was bajilized Oct. 7, 1827, by Rev. Peter
Ainstie, of the Bethesda church. He came to
America in May, 1842, and joined the Sansoni
Street church. He was a constituent inemlier of
the Bethesda church, w hich name was given it at
his suggestion, being that of the church in which
ho [irtd'essed his faith in the old country. His at-
tention was first led to religiiiti from conversations
with his Sunday-school teacher and from reading
hymns. That by Anne Steele, ))eginning

" The Savium- calls, let every enr
.\tleijcl the liLMVejily houml,"

affected him deeply, and made him an.xious to know
all about its author. He got a number of hynin-
liuoks, and their |ierusal gave him a taste fur
hymnology. Hearing that a Mr. David Creamer,
a Methodist in Baltimore, had a similar taste, Mr.
84

Jennings visited him, and found liim a true yoke-
fellow and deeply imbued with a like love for
hymns and their authors. Compelled to work for
his daily bread, Mr. Jennings devoted such leisure
as lie couUl get to the study of hymnology, and
collected all the Ijooks on the subject lie could bear
of At one time he had over 300 hymn-books. '
They are now in the library of the American Bap-
tist Publication Society. His ne.Kt collection, which
numbered about COO volumes, he gave to the ■
jVmerioan Baptist Historical Society. The exten-
sive knowledge of Mr. Jennings led to the yjrepar-
ation by him of the biogra|ihical index of authors of
hymns to be found in the Baptist Hymn and Tune
Book. He has also written largely for the Naiional
Jicii/lisl on hymns and tlnnr authors. His acquire-
ments are very remarkable. In 1876, Ilev. Edwin
M. Long iiublished a book entitled " Illustrated
History of Hymns and tiieir Authors." In it he
bears the following testimony to Mr. Jennings:
"In. the preparation of this work we have been
aided in the synopsis and other particulars by our
friend, ]\Ir. Francis Jennings, who may fitly be de-
nominated a walking eneyclopijeJia of hymnology.
He is a native of British soil, around which cluster
the most interesting associations of hymn history.
Having devoted half a century in treasuring up
dates and facts, it is no wonder that while his locks
are becoming silvered with the frosts of many
winters his life-long zeal in this department re-
mains unabated." Ho contributed to the erection
of two Baptist eliuieh ediliees at Kranklinville,
Philailel|)hia, giving $500 at one time when he was
receiving one dollar a day for severe labor.

Mr. Jeiuiiiigs .lives in West Philadelphia, and is
a incmlicr of the Mantua Baptist churcli.

Johnson, Prof. Ellas Henry, D.D., sun of

Deacon Flias and I. aura ((iaic) -hjhnson, -was born
in Troy, N. Y., Oct. 15, Is II; o-iaduated at the
University of Itochester in I8fi2 ; studied law in the
winter of 1862-63 ; stmlicd theolo;!y in l86i!-64 ; sus-
' pi'iidcil studies bv reason of ill health ; entered the ■
' United States navy as acting assistant paymaster, '

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JONES

1322

JOXES

ml served in tin; .Mississippi Sqiuuli-oii until llio
iimiiuT (iT IStil) ; uikU;!' iippoiiitiiicnt ol tlie Anmri-
iili li;iptist lloiiiu Mission Society, lie Wiis onlaiiu'd
ustor of llu; liaptist olimoli at Lu .Siuiiu', Miiiii.,

I'ltOI'. EI.IAS IIKNUI' JdllNSIIN, D.ll.

)ec. 'J, liSIJG; re-entered lluclii'sti'V 'I'lieoloLrieul
ieininary, uiul graduated in IS? I ; traveled abroad
t'itli liis ^vil'e from Anjrnst, l.STI, to Septemljer,
873, nial<iug tin' tour of Ivu'ope, .Sinaltic Hcsert
.nd tlie Holy Iiand ; served the llaptist oliureli
•t Ballston Spa, N. Y., from the uutnnin of 1873
o tlie spring' of IS7-) ; bci-aiiH; )jastor of the Brown
jtreet liaplist chnrch iii^ I'ldvidcnec, 1{. I., iMay,
S7u, a liody ^vhicll was uoilud under his Uiin-
stry with the Third ]5apti>t ehurch, making the
Jnion Baptist elnirch, A|iril 1, 1S78 ; served the
Jnioii church till Aug. 1, 1S^2, wdien he accepted
he chair of Cliristlan 'i'heology in Cruzer 'I'heo-
ogical Seminary, vacated hy the Kev. Prof. (i. I). 15.
.^epper ; entered upon his )u-oless(irship J^eptemher,
SSli ; received the degree of .V.M. in course from
he llniversitv of liochester in ^^71, and honorary
v. M. from Hrowii University in 1877 ; received
he honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from the
Jniversity of Rochester in 1878 ; Wiis associated
. A'ith "Wiliiani II. ])oaiie, Mu.s. Doe., in the cditor-
diip of tin; "Baptist ifymnai" for the Amcriciin
Baptist i'ulilication Sncicfy ; was sole editor for
;he same soc'iety of " .Songs of I'raise."

Jones, Prof. J. E., A.M., was horn in Lynch-
burg, Va. ; liapti/.ed in tlu! spring of 181)8, and I'U-
lered the Richmond institute, Richmoml, A'a., in
October of the same ^'i-ar for the )uirp(jse of [ire-

pariug for tlie gospel ministiy. 1 l;iving completed
the e(Jurso there in 1871, and having fini.sheil his
|iieparatoi'y training in the grammar-school of
iMailison University, N. Y., In.' entered jMadiscin
University iu 1872, and, after a snocessfnl course
of stinly, was graduated iu 187l'i. In tin; same
year the American Baptist Home INIission Society
appointed him an instructor iu the Riehnuuid In-
stitute, and intrusted liim with the branches nf
language and philosophy. In 1877 lie was or-
dained to the ministry, hi 187'J his uliiui mnUr
conferred upoiwhini the degree of Master of Arts.
I'rof. Jones is iiu ellicient teacher, a popular and
instructive pn.'aeher, and a forcible writer. In 1878
he held a newspaper ccmtroversy with the Roman
(.'atholie Bishop Keaue, of Rii/hmoud, iii wdiich the
bishop, in the estimation of nuiny*niost competent
t" judge, was wnrsled. Prof. Jones is regarded as
one of the most promising of the young coliu'i.'d
mi'ii (j|' thi; South.

Jones, Rev. Reuben, was bom in Isle of Wigla

Co., Va., Nov. oU, 18U8. His father removed to
Smith Co., 'renn., in 181."). 'fhere, on the 13th of
November, 1N3I, he made a profession of religion

KEV. UKl'liH.N JONES.

among the Methodists. Soon after he was licensed
to preach, and received into the Tennessee .\iiiMial
Conlerenee ; he lal)ored two yi;ars on circuits, ami
one each in Nashvilh;, .Murfreesborough, and Tus-
enuibia, Ala.

He was then transferred to the Virginia Confer-
ence in IS^'i'.). After lilling luie appointment at
Williamsbnig and Hamptcjn hi; changed his viewa,

v:avask

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KrNG

1323

KLINK

•aiul was biqitized l)y Putiiam Owciih at Mill Swamp
Kapti.st uliiii-cli, ill Islo ol" A\'i^lit <!o., Va., .Siipt. 1,
ISll. After rudnliiiatinii, Novi'iiiliiT, JS-U, lie lje-
oiuiie iiasUir iii'.st of iMill Suaiii|i iiiid Siuitlifi«IJ
chiiri'lii's, ill Tslo cil' Wij;lit Comity, tlii'oo y(;ars;
iii'xt of .Siiirulk anil Sliuiililer'a Jlill, in Nansomonil
and Norl'cilk (!iiiintics, livo years'; next (if Ciiiiibin--
hiud ^itroet, in Norfolk City, livo yuars ; iioxt ol'
lloluna, Ark., nearly two years; fiinillj', lie returned
to Shoulder's Jlill, atCliurcliland, Norfolk Co., Va.,
Sept. 1, 1S5.5, where lie lias been twenty-six years,
liavin;^ "held the fort" all throu;;h the war.

lie was a delegate in the last iiietjting of the
Baptist Triennial Convention in Philadelphia in
1S44, and a coiistitnont ineniber of the Southern
Ba|itist Convention, organized at Augusta, Ga.,
ill May, 1S45. lie was four years iiioderatcir of
the Portsmouth Assoeiation, Virginia, one of the
most influontial Associations in the State, and sev-
eral times vice-moderator of the General Associa-
tion.

Mr. Jones, assisted by llev. O. J. Hobday, by
request of the body, prepared a manuscript history
of the " Virginia I'ortsinouth Baptist Assoeiation,"
iiiehiding historical sketches of its chnrches, and
biographical sketches of deceased ministers, etc.
This win-k lias been published in book form, making
a neat volume of 3llli pages.

Mr. Jones is now in his sevonty-fourtli year, but
still strong and active, and preaches with the vigor
of younger years. The cluirch over which Mr.
Jones presides is in some respects one of the best
churches in our State, and its elTicieney is clearly
attributable to his faithful ministry, lie is tho
liatriarcli of the Portsmouth Association. In its
deliberations his voice is potent, and his influence
is as gentle as it is mighty. He ranks well as a
preacher. His sermons are carel'uUy made, full of
awakening points, and solemnly delivered. On
the platform he is peculiarly felicitous, lie has a
vein of genuine poetry in his soul, and sometimes
indulges in bursts of poetic eloquence.

-»~»-hO!0C>»+"

K.

King, Henry M., D.D., was bom in Oxford,

Me., Sept. 3, 1,S3S. His parents having removed
to Portland in lS-14, he was prepared for college in
that city under the tuition of iMoses Lyibrd, A.M.
(Colby University, 1843), an eminent instructor.
In Is.").') he entered Huwdoin College, graduating in
1S50. He at once entered Newloii Theological In-
stitution, graduating in I.Sti2. After giving in-
struction in Hebrew in the institution for one j'Car,
he became pastor of the Dudley .Street church in
Ivoxbiiry, now of Boston, succeeding T. H. ..Vnder- I
8011, 1>.1>. This pastorate continued from A|)ril,
lb()3, to January, 1882, and was marked by the
utmost harmony and spiritual firosperity. Since
January, 1882, he has been pastor of the Kmmanuel
cluirch, Albany. This church has had a number
of the most eminent and successful pastors, among
M'hom may be named Welch (in his time without
a superior in pul])it eloquence), Hague, Bridgeman,
and T. II. P.ittisoii. Dr. King is the worthy sue-
ce>.sor of these honored men. As a preticlier, he is
eminently instructive, clear, forcible, ami eil'ectivo.
Dr. King Is an untiring student of i5aptist history ;
he has pnlilisheil quite fully on this and kindred
topics. Among his publications are " llislorical
|)iscourseoii tlii' l''iftieth Annivm-sary of the Diulley
Street Baptist Church," Boston ( 1871) ; " The .Mis-
sion of tho Baptists" (1870) ; " Swedenborg and his

Teachings" (1870); "Early Baptists Defended, a
Reply to H. M. Dexter, D.D." (I8S0); "History
of the Baptists in Boston," in " Memorial History
of Boston," vol. iii. ; "The Sabbath and the Fam-
ily," in "Sabbath Essays" (1881)); "Memorial
Sermon, Preached at the Fiftieth Anniversary of
the Bafitist Church in Fitcllhurg. Mass." (1881);
"The Unit}' of iViuerican B.iptists," read before
the New Vork Baptist State CoineiUion (1882).

Kline, Lewis E., was born in A\'a>hington,
D. C, -March 18, 1843. "When an infant his par-
ents removed to St. Louis, Mo. At sixteen he was
converted, and united with the Baptist Chinch. In
his nineteenth year he joined the United States
army. June G, 18(14, he was severely wounded in
his right arm and shoulder in tin: eiigagemciit at
Lake Chicot, and will carry to his grave eleven
scars from the wounds received in this battle. He
was in chiirge of physicians lour years and eight
months before he wi^s restored to health.

For three yc-ars he was the book-keeper and cashier
of the largest ndigious book and |iulilishing house
at that time in the \Vest. In 180'.), Kev.(j. d.Jolin-
son. D.D., then maiiaiicr of the American Baptist
Publication Society's business in St. Louis, secured
his services as chief clerk, which position he filled
so acceptably that, when Dr. Johnson resigned,
January 1, 1870, he was a|ipointed to take his place,

V

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LA]i'aO.\fHM

1324

LKIIMAN

which ]iOsitioii lie still luiliU with ci-cdit to the sii-
ciety :iu(l hmior to the ileiiuniiiiiLtiiiii, ][i^ i,s very

i.i;\vis ]■:. Ki.iNK.

liberal with his ine;ins, lielpini; nil good causes to
the utmost extent of his aliility. By skillful plan-
iiinir, close applicatiuii to Ijusiiiess, promptness,
ali'ahllity, and strict integrity, he has rendei-ed in-

valuable sorvioes to the society. 15y his efforts a
beautiful boihling has been secured for the society's
headquarters, wliich ho has litted up so tastefully

1IE.\DQUARTKI!S OF •llVf. AMI^RIIAN HAfllST I'UBI.ICA-
■I'loN SorlKTV, ST. J.OIMS, MO.

tliat it is the finest book store in St. Loui.s. lie is
to lie found at his post at all times, even on the
legal holidaj's. He has unwisely refused to take u
vacation for more than eleven year.s.

<*' y if?B<ij 4-'u

L.

' Larcombe, Rev. Thomas, was bom in Philadel-
phia, I'a., May 12, IT'.H, and diitd in that city Oct.
1, 18G1. Hi; was a descendant of a family of the
Waldeiises, which became idinitilied with the Hu-
guenots of Languedoc. About the time of the
revocation of the Edict of Nantes tlie family left
France, and settled in Wliippingh am, IshMif Wight.
One of the family passed oviu' to JJristol, I'Jngland,
and soon emigrated to America, and settled on the
(Connecticut.

At si.xtcen young t.arcouibc united with the First
Baptist clinrch of Philadelphia. In 1821 ho was
licon.sod to preach by the church at Hopewell, N. J.
Later he was ordained, and took cliargo of the
church at Burlington. After a year he took the
oversight of tlie church at Bordentown. Fauryeais
afterwards ho was called to the churcli in Oolcbrouk,
Conn. His next field of labor was at Danbiiry.

i Then he settled with the chiircli at Saugertie.'i, N. Y.
I In 183.5 he cauie back to Pliihidelphia, and for three
I years was occupied in teaching and preaching for
j destitute churches in the vicinity. In l8o8 he was
appointed "moral instructor" in the Eastern Peni-
tentiary, and he filled this position for twenty-three
years.

Mr. Larcombo was a good man, and in liis prison
congregation, as in his otlii'r (iclds of labor, he led
souls to Jesus and hoiioied Jiis Master. His end

was full of yieace.

Lehman, Rev. G. W., 'he aged and highly re-
vered jiastor of the Baptist church in 15erlin, Llcr-
many, and one of the most prominent Baptist
ministers in that land, was born in the city of
Hamburg, Oct. 2:i, ]7<,)9. In his youth he was
ail engraver in Berlin, being at the same time
actively engaged in religioii:i labor ami in circu-

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j.KVKUi-yrr

1325

L YON

latiii^ tlio liiblc, wliioli lio luiJ eai-ly learned to
love iiikI cliorish. In 1830 he lirst met with INIr.
Oneken aiiJ I'ult liiniself specially drawn tu liiiii.
After Mr. Onekeu's ba[)tisni Mr. Lelinian waa led
jirayin-fiilly to consider this (jnestiiin, but it waa
nut until the year 1^37 tliat lie liecannj Inlly settled
111 his eonvietions ccineei-ninii; lielje\(a''.s baptisni.
He was ba|ili/.cd near Kmlin by Mi-. Oiiekeii, with
six otiiei-s, iMay 13, 1837, and on the Cullowin^^ day
tlie little Uoek of baptized believers was organized
as the IJaptist ehnreli of Berlin. Mr. Lelinian was
soon ajipointed liy the cliiireh as their pastor, and
faithfully preaclied to the' people while still pursu-
ing his daily avocations, lie was forced to pursue
Ids work of love uinhn- j^reat dillicultie.s and dis-
coura,i;einonts. In 183S, ^Mr. lA'hnian entered l\n:
eervice of the Anieriean Baptist Missionary Union,
dcvotinj^ one-half of his time to this work as its
luissiouary. In ISl(), Mr. Lehman went to Kng-
liind to receive ordination ; he was ordained Juno
21), 1S40, ill Salter's Hall cluiiiel, Caniujii Street,
London, ilev. J. 11. Uintoii oll'ering the ordaining
prayer. Since that time the work in Berlin has
been prospering under ids faithful labors, and it
lias ccteiided into the surrounding region.s far and
wide.

Mr. Lehman is gifted with peculiar talents; he
occupies a M'ry inlluential position among the
l>a]itists in (ieriiian^'. The cause in that country
is indebted to him to a degree which it will nut
be easy to overestimate. Althuugh partially dis-
abled by the weakness of age, Mr. Lehniau still
retains the pastorate of tlie eliurcli to which he has
devoted his vouthfnl energies and the strengtli of
his manhood.

Leverett, Eev. William, was bom in IJruok-
line, iLiss., Jan. 25, 18U0. A descendant of one
of the earliest and ablest of the Massachusetts
colonists, he dispiayeil througli life those traits
which distinguished his ancestors. While yet a
youth he enlered upon a business career in lioston
which promised well, but he willingly relini|uislied
iiopes of worldly |)rosperity in obedience tu what
he believed to be a divine call to prepare for the
gospel ministry. Mr. Leverett graduated at Brown
University with distiuetion (class of 182-1), and was
intending to enter the Anduver Theological Semi-
nary, when he received two urgent invitations to an
immediate settlement in tlio ministry : one from the
I'irst church, Providence, to become the colleague
of the Kev. Dr. Gano ; the other from the First
Baptist church in Buxbury, now Boston Highlands.
lie concluded to accept tin; call to Boxbury, the
lesser of the two, because the church was then
feeble, and required immediate efforts to build it
up. Mr. Leverett's inlluenee in Bioxbiiry ^vas
widely felt, and no minister was ever held iu higher
respect there by all classes and denominations.

The Baptist churches id' Broukline, l>orchester, Ne-
ponset, Jamaica I'lain, and others, wore founded
by members dismissed for that purpose from this
church during Mr. Leverett's ministry. At times
some apprehension was felt lest so many with-
drawals should weaken the church. But the result
was tbatiit the r.wi] of ten years it was found neces-
sary to enlarge their own place id' worship, and at
the close of Mr. Leverett's jiastorato of iifti'eii
years tlie eliureh iu Boxbuuy was among the
largest, most united, and ellieient in the Association
to whii-b it Ijelonged. Subse((uently, Mr. Leverett
became the [lastor ol" the Second Baptist church in
Cambridge, where his ministry of ten years was
useful and happy. His third and last cluirge was
in Grafton, INLiss., where he served the J5aptist
church as pastor lor hve years. After his resigna-
tion of this church be removed to Newport, B. I.,
and was there associated with his son in a classical
school for seviM-iil years. \Vliile his strengtli per-
mitted -Mr. Le\eri'tt frc.|uiMitly supplied various
pulpits in the vicinity, but for the last ten years of
his life he was unequal to any tasks beyond those
imposed by his garden, in the cultivation of wdiieli
he had always found congenial employment, as
well as the conditions most favorable tu health
and lia])j)iness.

Of I'uritan stock, Mr. Leverettietaineil iiiostof the
peculiarities which inaikeil the men of Massachu-
setts from the first : decision of character, perfect
probity, tenderness of conscience, deep religious con-
victions iuid feeling, modesty of demeanor, fidelity
to engagements, and perseverance in the line of
couduet he litul mapped out for himself, or rather
which he firmly believed Providence liad ma|iped
out for him. llis estimate of tlie ministerial office
was high, and he accordingly devoted much time for
many years to the interests of the Northern Bap-
tist Education Society, and was a warm friend
of anu co-worker with the founders of tlie Newton
Theological Institution. lie was also for many
years an active member and influential adviser of
the Executive Committee of the lioard of the Ameri-
can Baptist Missioniiry Society.

Lyon, Merrick, LL.D., son of Deacon Jonatlian
Lyon, was born in Sturbridge, Mass., April 7, 1815,
and united with the Baptist church in his native
town in November, 1831. Having fitted for college
in [lart at the academy in Worcester, he entered
lirowii University in 183G. During his college
course he was cnga.!;ed in teaching for a time in
Kast Dennis, IMass,, and, as a eonsiiiuence, did not
graduate uiitil 1811. At once be entered, iu the
city of Providence, upon what has pro\ed to be his
life-work, that of teaching. After two or three
years he became one of the [irineipals of the " Uni-
versity Grammar School,'' with which ho has been
conneeti'd, his luothcr, I'liiun-y Lyon. M. !•., being

v.i.ri ,v

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MABIE

1326

MARSH

his iissoni.ite, to tlie present time (1SS2). The school ofLL.l>. from (,'liiciigo University in ISTIi. As ati
Bustiiins a VL'i-y intimate relation to IJrown Univer- | ciliioator lie has a national reputation. Ainoni:;othur
sity, aiul has sent to that institution a lar^e nnnil>er I otli,;L'S which ho lias held was that of prcsidunt of
of students, lu.uiy of whom have taken liii^h rank the Aiin;i'iean-Inst.itute of Instruetion for two years,
as seholars. Altlion;rh solieiteil atone tinn; to take 1 In hS74 he was eh'eteJ a trustee, anil in 1S77 a Kel-
a pi-ofcssorshi|i in iMiehlt^an Univer.sity, he iletlineil, low of Brown University. Vnv more than a inncrter
preferring to remain in his pn.'scnt jiositiun. In I of a eentury he has hehl the olliee of deacon in
18.50 he [lei-fin'oied the duties of fireek professor in ' the lirown .Street and Union liaptist churches in
Brown University. Dr. i^yon reecLvod the degree I Providence.

-^ v)- laflfeat-wt-

M.

Mabie, H. C, D.D., wiis born in ]5elvidcre, I
Boone Co., III., June 20, 1847. lie is a di^seendant |
of several generations of Baptists. His great-grand- I
•father, Uev. Haniel liable, was one of the (lioneer

ministers of Central New York, llis parents re-
moved to Belvidere in 1845. His early life was
under tiie Christian inllueuce of a pious home and of
the revereil Dr. Koe, pastor of the Belvidere church.

At twelve he was converted and lja[ilizi'cl. At
sixteen, while in college, his heart was greatly re-
freshed Ijy divini; grace, iuid from this period, while
still studying, his labors were rewarded with eon-
versions among students, in military camps and
hospitals, and in neighboring churches.

He graduated from the Univer.sity of Chiciigo in

1SC8, and from the seminary in 1S75. He was or-
dained in Itoekfcjrd, HI., in O(.'tober, ISti'J, whiMi he
spent lour [irosperous years as tin; pastor of the
State Street church. In 1S73 he resigned his charge
to complete his theological studies, and in tin; mean
time he organized the church at f);ik Park, and
serveil it as pastor for two years. In 187o he be-
came pastor at Hrookline, Mass., and labored there
for three and a half years wit.h much success;
during this |/astorate he was a member for two
years of the E.xeeutive Committee of the Missinnary
Union. Attlie commencement of lirown University
in 1878 he preached the annu:il sermon before the
.Societ}' of Missionary liupiiry. Parly in 187'J he
accepted a unanimous call to the First Baptist
ehureli of Indianapolis, Ind., where the blessing of
(Jod has rested upon his labors abundantly; debts
have been paid, union binds the large membership
together, liberality distinguishes their gifts, and
conversi(nis are frei|nent. I'r. Jlabie is a man of
ability and culture, of wisdom and grace, and be-
fore him, if the Lord spares his life, there are bril-
liant prospects of usefulness, while around him
there an; throngs of loving friends.

Marsh, Rev. W. H. H., wiis b(n-n in f'hester
Co., Pa., July 14, lN;i(J. He received a liberal
education, which he has continually e.xtendiMl until
he has heconu! one of the best-informed men in the
denomination. He was ordained when twenty-one
years of age. After supplying the Bethesda and
Caernarvon churches in Chester Co., Pa., he took
charge of the Power Providence church, Mont-
gonuM-y Co., and reniained there fnur years; then
settled with the Bloekley chunh, West Philadel-
phia, where he exercised his ministry until, in
ISCiiO, he accepted a pressing call to the Second
church of Wilmington, Del. During his si.x years'
pastorate at Wilmington an ojipressive debt was
|iaid. the church edilice was greatly improved, an
oriian purchased, and a lot for a mission secured,

WrWKV.

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BJIV/ Jijoil "Vir -'.'Itlili. IIJ, f|01'

MARSHALL

V.Vl

MILLS

upim -wliioli tliu IJi.'tluuiy clmrcli now staiiiLs. Jlr.
IMarsli i-('iiiovo(l IVoui \\'ilniiiii;tiiii tu t:iUo tlio over-
si^lit of tliu Contral cliuicli ul' .Siileiii, Muss., vliorc
lie liiboi'cJ fur oiglit years. In hruLMiiliur, I8N0, IjC'
settled ill New linniswiek, N. J., as jiastor of the
yuuui; and vigorous llcinsen Avenue elnireh. In
liis iiasloratos Mr. Marsh has ahyays been sue-
eessful.

He is a dilij^ent student, an exti'nsivo reader,
and a largc-hearled brutlicr. J lis intellectual
powers are of a high order, and his sermons are
distinguished Ijy deep thought and gospel truth.

He has writti-n e.xtensively for tlie I'tqiiht Qiutr-
(erli/. the ll'ddiiithciM Siicra, and the dononiinational
papers. 'I'he I'uhlieation Soeiety ha.s issued his
" iMLideru Sunday-School."' lie has also the man-
uscript of a work upon which he has been long
engaged, and whiili he expects to publish soon.

Jlr. Marsh is regarded with all'eetiou wherever
he is known, and his labors have been a blessing
to the f.liurches and the world.

Marshall, Rev. Daniel, wus ijmn in Windsor,
Conn., ill 1700. lie was converted in his twentieth
year, and united with the Presltyterians in his
native town. He was .speedily elected a deacon,
and discharged the duties of that olBce for nearly
tweiit}' years. Under tin; inllucncc of George
AVhiteliclil's )ireaching he sold his possessions, and
lelt his home to preach the gospel to the piu'ishing.
He settled among tin; .Mohawk Indians in a town
call I'll Oniiaipniggy, at the head of ihe .Susijuehaiina,
and for eighteen months he labored with consider-
able success among these savage heathens. _AVar
among the Indians com]ielled his removal to Cone-
goeheague. Pa., from which in a short period he
departed lor the neighbm'hood of Winchester, ^'a.
In his new home he beeanu; acipniintcd with a
]5aptist church and its Scriptural prin^dples, which
led him in his fortyeightli year to receive the
Saviour's bajitism, and a license to jircach the
gospel.

He was led to remove to Tluglnvarry, N. C,
where his labors resulted in the conversion of num-
bers. Hi- planted a church in Abbot's Creek, in
the same State wdiere he was ordained in his lifty-
secoinl year by his brothers-in-law Shubal Stearns
and Henry Ijcadbetter. Not long after his ordina-
tion, wdiile )ireaching in Virginia, Mr. Marshall
liaiJ the singular hajipiness of baptizing the ci'le-
bratcd Col. Samuel Ilarriss, with whom afterwards
lie made several tours in Virginia, proclaiming the
glad tidings with remarkable success, and establish-
ing churches in sevirral places.

A few years after his ordination he settled on
Beaver Creek, S. C, where a large ehurch was built
uji iindei- bis ministry. Called by divine I'rovidcnee,
lie removed from lieaver Creek lo Horse Creek,
about fifteen miles north of Augusta, (la. Here

also he founded a strong church, wdjo.-e member.s
dilfused the light of divine truth in the benighted
regions around. From Horse Creek Jlr. JIarshall
made several visits to (Georgia, on one of which,
while praying, he was arrested in the presence of
the audience for (ireaching in the parish of St. Paul, '
and had to give security to appear at Augusta (he
following Monday to answer the charge. The trial
resulted in an luder to eoiiie no more into (ieorgia
as a preacher. Ho showed his respect fur this
wicked decision by coming into Geoi'gia Jan. 1,
1771, witli his family and taking uji his linal earthly
residence at Kiokee. The Ibllowing spring the
church was formed, which became famous for the
materials which it furnished for the establishment
of other churches. Ministers of great power and
laymen of boundless zeal went forth from Kiokee
to lay the foundatiuns of ISaptist prosjierity in (ieor-
gia. Marvelous growth blessed the Kiokee ehurch
until the lie volution burst upon the colonies. During
that struggle Jlr. Marshall never shunned danger,
never concealed his |iatriotic principles, and faith-
fully continui.'d in tin; perlbrmance of his duties.
Once he was arrested for his attachment tu his
country's cause and put under a strong guard, but
obtaining leave from the olficers, " he commenced
and supported so heavy a charge of exhortation and
prayer that, like Daniel of old, while his enemies
stood amazed and eonfoiinded, he was safely and
lioiKU'ably delivered frum this den of lions." Jlr.
Mar.->liall continued to exercise a ministry of ve-
niarkalde usefulness and power until Nov. 2, 17S4,
when his happy spirit ascended to its glorious re-
ward. He was one of the most usc'ful and blame-
less men that ever occupied an American pulpit.
His first wife was the mother of Daniel ; Martha,
the sister of Shubal Stearns, was the mother of
Abraham, John, Zaccheus, Levi, Jloscs, Solomon,
Joseph, Famioe, and Mary.

Mills, Robert Curtis, D.D., was born in the
city of New York, Feb. (i, 1819, and was a graduate
of the New Yindc University in the class of 1837.
lie pursued his theological studies in the Union
'I'hcologieal Seminary, N. Y., and in the Newton
Theological Institution, graduating from the latter
seminary in the class of 1840. Among his class--
mates were David L. Burbank, LL.D., Prof. J. L.
Lincoln, IiL.D.,and lli^v. Drs. D. W. Philips, James
Upham, and N. iM. AS'illiams. Having accepted a
call to the pastorate of the chureh in Colchester
Borough, Conn., he was ordained iMandi 17, 1842,
having supplied the ehurch several months previous
to his ordiniUion. He remained in ("Colchester until
some time in the year 184;'), when he was invited
to take charge of the ehurch in Chicopee Palls,
Mass. This pastorate continued not far from thrco
years, 184.')-4S, at the end of whieli time he became
pastor of the First Baptist church in Sahuii, Mass.,

.x:\L

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MORGAN

132S

NORTir ADAMf^

liiivin^ iiinong lii.s pi-eilocesaovs ]\('v. ])r. Lucius
]{olles iuiJ Uev. Dr. llurus liiibcock. llo was jiiistor
oC tliis cluucli twenty-oiglit yoiirs. s^VCter liis resij^-
iiatiun he; continued to rcsule in Siileni until IST'J,
wlion lie removed to Ncwtun Centre, Jlass., wliero
now ( l^iSli) lie lias his home. in l<S(il ISiMwn
UniveM'sity conferred on him the honorary decree
ol' Doctor ol' Divinity.

Dr. ]Mills was a member of the K.xecutive Com-
mittee of the Jlissionary Union from ISGt to 1873,
. when ho declined further service. Since the di!ath
of Rev. Dr. Stow, in 18G9, he has been chairman
of the Executive Committee of the 'I'rustees of
Newton 'J'heological Institution. In 1S79 he was
chosen secretary of the Northern ]5a}itist Education
Society, and now (LSSli) holds this oflice.

Morgan, Rev. Abel, Sr., was Imm in 1073, in
Alltjioch, County of Carmarllieii, Wales; he was
ordained in 151aeiiej;went iu jMonniouthshire. lie
came to Pennsylvania early in 1711 ; lie resided for

a time in Philadelphia, and then removed to Penno-
pek. , Imuioiliately after his arrival he took charge
of the church at Pennepek, exercising his ministry
there and in ]'hilailel[iliia until his death, wliioh
occurred Dec. 10, 1722. His live children " mar-
ried into the Holmes, Howell, Sprogle, and Keen
families," and in 1 770 ho had sixteen grandchildren,
lie was the author of a Welsh Concordance, whicli
was printed in Pliiladolphia in 17;iO, and of aAVelsh
translation of the ''Century Confession," — the
London Confession of l(i.S9, — with the articles on
" Singing of Psalms" and " Laying ou of Hands"
added to it.

Mr. Morgan was a great and good man, and ex-
erted a powerl'ul inlluence in favor of the Saviour's
kingdom iu his native land, and during his com-
paratively brief American ministry'. His renuiins
now rest in the ground owned by the First Baptist
church of Philadelpliia in .Mount .Moriah Ceme-
tery.

K.

National Baptist, The. 'i'owards the close of
11S04 many liaptisis in Philadelphia and tlie vicinity,
feeling the need of a wt>ll-sustaiued newspaper to
represent the interests of the denomination, more
especially in Penus^'lvania and New Jersey, gave
to the Auierieau IJaptist Publication Society about
$]7,00U to be used iu establishing such a jjaper.
The first number was issued -Ian. 1, iMio. I'Vu' a
few months the editorial supervision was rendered
by George W. Anderson, I».D., book-editor of the
society, a gentleman of c.vtcnded literary experi-
ence and wide culture. In 1805, ]{cv. Kendall
Brooks, D.D., was chosen editor; he brought to
the position unwearied industry, large reading, and
fine literary taste. In 1808 he became president
of Kalamazoo College, Mich. Uev. Lemuel Moss,
D.D., professor in the theological department of
thfe university at Lewisburg, was then elected edi-
tor. After a period of I'onr years, during which
Dr. Moss exhiliited his well-known acuteness,
vigor, and logical skill, lie became professor in
Crozer Theological Seminary. The present editor,
II. L. Wayland, D.D., entered upon his duties July
1, 1872. On Jan. 1, J 883, the paiicr became by
purchase the jirojjcrty of Dr. Waylanil. The as-
sistant editors have been Rev. Joseph Stockbridge,
U.S.N. , J. Eugene Reed, A.M., and Kev. Philip
Berry.

Dr. ^VayIand has made The Xalimud nciptisl a
powi.T in the denomination. It is now known and

respected all over the United States in every Bap-
tist circle, and in many homes outside of our de-
nomination. Its present circulation is greatly in
excess of any ])eriod in its previous history, and it
is continuallj' growing, notwithstanding a common
conviction among Baptists that the Publication
Society should own no religious paper.

Dr. Wayland has a clear and powerful mind, a
generous heart, an active conscience, and mon; of
the spirit of '' fair play" than falls to the lot of
editors generally, or of other men.

If an unfavorable criticism has been made upon
him in ]irivate corres|)Ondence or in the denomi-
national [iress, it is frequently reproduced in The
Nat'iDiud Bap/its/, and commonly without comment.

In Philadelphia Dr. 'W^ayland has throngs of
devoted friends, who admire his talents and rejoice
in his editorial success, but this is hia good fortune
wherever he is known. It is confidently believed
by those most familiar with Dr. AVayland and his
plans, that The Nuliunal liuptist is al>out to enter
upon a period of prosperity seldom witiu^ssed in
the history of religious journalism.

North Adams, Mass., First Baptist Church
of, has one ol the most imposing and beautiful
church cdiliccs in the country. Tlie interior ap-
pointments are unsurpassed, and the Sunday-
school apartments are perhaps iinequaled in any
edilice belonging to the denomination. There are
ten Bible-class and committee-rooms, elegantly

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OSBOIiN

1330

PATThntSON

finisluHl ami riiriu.slicd. It was ci-cctDii in ISSO to
vcplace one ilosti'oyoil liy lii'i!. ^\'llilo it was biiild-
iiii^ tlu'vi; was 1110111^3' ahvaily ill liaiili to jiay every
bill iis iireseiited. The iiuilienue-ruoiii seats 1000 ;

tlie lectiu'e-i-oom, 400. The elmvcli was fouiKloil in
1X08. 'I'lie iiuiiibei' ol' nu;iiib(M-s, January 1, 1883,
was 8'JO. I'tev. A. 0. O.sborn, It. I)., lias been jiastor
sinee 1877.

-»=>-OOE>-*-

o.

Osborn, Abraham C, D.D., was born at Scotch
Plains, \. ,1., Feb. J), 1831. IJotli lii,s granU-
fatlicrs Avere oflieers in tlie war of llio Revolution,
anil liis grandl'atber on bis I'atlier's side and ii:s
own father were deacons of a IJaptist cliureh fur a
period of more tliaii tlie ill'c of two generations.
lie spent liis youth n|Mia a farm iu Nortli NV'iliia,
• lidleison (,'0., X. Y., to which [ilace his parents
removed when he was eleven years of age. lie
prepared for college at thi^ (iouverni'ur Wesloyan
Seiiiinaiy, and was a graduate of Madison Uni-
versity in the chiss of ISj.'i. .\fler teaching a year
in tlie high «iehool at I 'oiiunljia, S. (',, hi; entered
Hamilton 'I'heologieai Semiiiaiy, and was graduated
in the class id' 185S. His lir.st ))a,>torate was with
the JeifersfMi Street, now Chestnut .Street, church,
LouisviHe, Ky , where lie was ordained Sept. 19,
ISfiS. Here, h(3 remained four years, and in De-
ccniber of ISdli lie became pastor of the fourth

church, St. Louis. Ilis ministry of .seven yeara
with tliis church was highly prosperous, the nniii-
ber of its memliers wiicn he resigned being 4-''i0.
Ilis next settlciiient, which continued four years,
was with the Taliernacle ehiircli, Brooklyn, N. Y.
He was then pastor iif llie South church of New
York (_'ity for I'our years. In 1^77 he removed to his
present lield of labor, with the First chnndi, North
Adams, jMass. This church is the largest lint one in
the State, numliering at the last i-cporl (I8S12) 887
nnuiiliers, 3.')" of wlium have united with it under
his ministry. Besides his regular labors Dr. Os-
born has found time to perform no small amount
'of literary work. He has now in hand and well
advanced an elaborate work on aneient baptisteries,
|iroje(-leil and |ilanned jointly liy him and the
late 11. 0. Ilatlield. Shurtlelf College, in Juno,
IMJS, eonferred on liim the degree of Doctor of
Diviuitv.

P.

Patrick, Rev. Wiley J., a son of \Yiley J. and

largaret S. I'atriik, was born in .Missouri, .Ian. 3,

s4(t. l!ro. I'atriek professed conversion in -May,

M'>'1, and united with Salem church iu jNIonroe

o.. Mil., and tlie autiiiiin fullowing that church

censed him to preaeh. He entered upon the work

', once, and one 3'ear from that time was ordained

istor of Salem cliureh. He received his higher

ucation at William Jewell College. In I8li('i he

lis elected corresponding secretary of the General

isociation of Missouri. In 18GS lie became pastor

Jeflerson Cit)'. He has served various country

arches with great acceptance and success. In

.73 he was elected to the chaplaincy of the Mis-

iri .Sc'iiate. In 1S74 he beeariK! eo-ordinatc owner

I editor of I'hi: Ccnlrut lUiptixl, to which he

ulered invalnalilc assistance. He has labored

• cli in revival meetings, and with good success.

is now |iastorat Curry ville. Mo., in connection

with which he supplies three country chnndics, all
of which are prospering under his ministry ; he is
also a member of the board of trustees of AVilliain

I Jewell College, iind of the Board of State Missions.

I He is noble, generous, spiriti'd, and abounds in the

i.work of the Master.

Patterson, Rev. George, was by Idrth a Scotcli-

j man, but came to this country in early life. In
\ young nianliood lie felt called of Ood to preach the
I gospel, and being a resident of Philadelphia, Pa.,
lie entered the theological seminary conducted by
; the celebrated ])r. Staughton. At the beginning
of the war of IS 12 he removed to Virginia, where
' he subsequently married and died. He was the
1 lirst pastor of the Ciiniberlanil Street (diurcli in
Norfolk, in whose service he gained the warm iit'-
fection (d" the writer of this sketch. His ordina-
tion si'rvices were conducted liy Dr. Staughton and
the Ilev. AVilliani White, of Philailelfihia, wlio

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PATTERSON

1331

PENNSYLVANIA

came to Norfolk in a sailin^^-vcssol. oociipyintf sev-
eral days in tlic trip, and running some iislc of cap-
ture from ]jritisli war-vessels on the coast. Tlicy
remained many days in Norfulk, and preaclied with
i^reat aooe|itunco to immense throngs.

The visit ol' these eloquent ministers gave Mr.
Patterson a lu'illiant introduction to the citizens of
Norfolk, where his talents and elfurts were instru-
mental ill securing extensive prosperity for the
church towhich lie ministered. Wliile lie resided
in Norfolk he was aliuiidaut in lahurs and emi-
nently blesseii in winning souls to Jesus. During
liis lirst year he baptized alifiut forty fiersons, and
among them wore not a few who, during life, con-
tinued |iillars uf tlic church.

Enshrined in the aQ'ections of the writer will
always be the Fauquiers, Cliamberlaincs, Mallorys,

Pendleton, Hon. James Monroe, was born at

Pendleton Hill, North rStonington, Conn., Jan. 10,
ISlil!. He is a descendant of iMajor Brian Pen-
(llcton, wliii was distinguisli^ed in the early ccdonial
times of Uonnecticut, and received his academic
education at the Connecticut later;iry Inslitute,
Sullield, completing his studies in 1814. For two
years lie was a salesman in a whidesale grncery
store in the city of New York. For about eight years,
184f)-.ol, he was engaged in mercantile business in
Westerly, R. I., and then f jr seventeen years was
cashier of the Niaiitic I'mnk in Westerly. During
this period he was engaged in various secular enter-
prises, which increased his pecuniary possessions.
As a |)nlilie-spirited citizen he has boon culled to
oci'Upy many positions of civil honor and trust ;
among these was liepresentalive iu the 43d and

H'ESTEItN rKVXSVI.VANIA CLASSICAL ANO SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE, MOI'NT I'LEASANT, I'.V,

Fiveaslies, Wrights, Langleys, Calvcrt.s, Bushes,
Suiiiiiicrses, Co.xes, Barrons, Anderscuis, and others
of that time, and the Pendreds, llendrens, Ste-
venses, and Keys, and others of the generation
that preceded them.

Few events in the |iast history of Norfolk were
more imp(n'tant than the arrival of the packet that
brought Mr. Patterson. His faith, his holy life,
his burning zeal, his untiring labors, with heaven's
blessing, gave the Baptists a measure of blessing
in Norfolk that called for devout gratitude all over
Virginia, and opened for him a place in tlie hearts
of his people from which nothing could remove
liim. lie mounted the first round of the ladder of
success, which subsequent pastors have so nobly
ascended, and though he has long since rested
from hit< labors his memory is still precious.

41tii Congresses, ISfiS, 1870. His connection with
the church eoiumcnccd by his uniting with the
First Baptist church in North Stonington in 1832;
soon after removing to AVcsterly, he joined the First
Baptist church, and was a member from 1847 to
1870 ; he tlieii became a constituent iiieiiiber of the
Calvary Baptist churcli, in wIkjsc prosperity he has
always taken a deep interest. His nephew, Charles
H., a son of Ivcv. ^V- F. Pendleton, was educated
by him, graduating from IJiown University in the
class of 1878, and from Rochester Theological Semi-
nary in 1881. Mr. Pendleton is highly esteemed
as a loading member of his denomination in his
adopted State.

Pennsylvania, Western, Classical and Sci-
entific Institute, Mount Pleasant, Pa. For arti-
cle, sec page 'J04.

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1.332

2iOh'

Pleasants, Rev. Stephen, was boiu J;im. 12,
ITT'.I, juiiud tho clmrcli iti 1799, began to |iri'acli
in LS2-1, and (lii.'J Nov. 2S, 1,S52. IIo livua and
died in I'orson Cu., N. U.

In lS,'i2, IvL'v. Jaiiu'3 Oslioni mado a division in
tlio (.ionnty liinu Associati(jn on laissioiis. i\li'.
J'ioa.sauts and a few otlu:rs weio oxcludcd. In

1833 tliey formed tlio IJenlali Association, of which
l\rr. I'leasanl.s Ijecanic moderator, and he lield this
olliee until liis death in 1S.")2. He had a character
as piiro as tho virgin snow, and a miiul as clear as
<n-ystal. His stylo was like a llowinj; river. His
moral inflnenco will nevi'r die ; liis iil'e was aldess-
io"' to mankind.

'Vhjo<j ■<

E.

Richmond Institute. l''or article, sec page
984.

Rohertson, Rev. John, was liorn in Ilocking-
liaui I'o., N. C, in ISttJ. About ISiJO lie rcnnoved
to Grainger Co., 'I'.'nn. He professed ndigion and
joined Puncheon (Janip eliurcli. He shortly after"
wards was ordained to the ministry. Ho lived cm
onesiileof a mountain and a good physician on the
otiiei-. ^Vhen ho came near Mr. Uobertson he fre-
<pn;ntly left the medicine anil ju'eseription for liim
to give, lie knew something uf law and n\edi-
cine. In 1839 he returned to Koekingluun Co.,
N. C, and was for years a missionary in the Ben-
lah Association. lie built up many churches and
acconiplislied an immensu anuiunt of good. He
was a splendid delvaler. Ho studied liis library
well, and always had arguuients at connuand. He
died In Surry Co., N. C, in tlie spring of 1S80.

Roe, Col. Edward R., M.D., was bom at

Lebanon, 0., June 22, 1S13. His father was a
lawyer, but abandoned the profession and became

a Swedenborgian clergyuum uf considerable note
iu Ohio. His education was chiefly obtained in
the jmblie schools. Tic graduated with the'degree
of M.D. at Louisville, Ky. He had great attain-
ments in natural sciences. Vov ten years he was
edit<n' of T/ie Allieiieum, of Indiana; The Journal,
'llie C'duatiluiioHdiint, The flliiwis Bnplist, The
Htalesmmi, and 7V(« JUinjinlnijlon I'anlatjrajih, of
Illinois. He publivlied a volume entitled ''God
and Man by the Light of Nature," nearly the
whole edition of which was destroyed by the great
Chicago fire. He also poblish(Ml " Elbib," show-
ing the harmony of the Hibli; with the true teach-
ing of inituro. IIo is th(^ author of many nniga-
zine articles on scientific subjoi-ts. In ISfiO ho
delivered a ccjurse of leelures at Shurtlcll' College,
Illinois. He was apliolnted ieelurer on chemistry
and physi(jlogy in the Nornnil University of Illi-
nois, and he also filliKl the professorsiiip of physi-
ology in the iMedieal College of St. Louis, Mo.
He has delivered many iio|iular lectures on various

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ROSS

1333

ROYALL

subjects. AVhen in 1801 ;i rej^iment of infantry was
organized in tlie Normal University (tlio Normal
Regiment, No. 33) lie was commissioned major,
and served until disabled by a wound before Vicka-
burg. For iieroio service lie was promoted to the
ranlc of iieutenant-uoloncl. lie was elected cleric
of the Mcl/Caii C'ounly ('Ourts, and also served as
United Stat<is marshal of tho sDuthcrn district of
Illinois. In early life he had bei'n skeptical, but in
ISIO he was converted, and he was baptizeil in
White lliver, Indiana. He is about to bring out a
work entitled " Life and its Manifestations." His
friends who have read some of its chapters are im-
pressed with its ability to overthrow the false
theories of modern unbelioving scientists.

Ross, Rev. Reuben, was born May 9, 177f), in
Martin C!n., N. 0. His parents were both liaji-
tists, who trained their ten children in the fear of
the Lord. AVilliain lioss sacriliced an independ-
ent estate to promote the Revolutionary war, and
liis youngest son, Reuben, in old age, declared that
he was always proud Hiat his father became poor
by spending his propi-rty to carry out the principles
of the Declaration of Indejiendence. The mother
of Reuben maintained family worship in the ab-
sence of her liusband during the war, and she
prayed in secret early in the morning and late at
night as well. Sometimes the slumbers of Reuben
were disturbed after he had retired by his mother's
whispered supplications, and not infrequently they
awoke hi^ni a little before the breaking of the day ;
and the Lord heard her entreaties for his salva-
tion.

In his twenty-si.\th year he received Christ, and
was baptized by Kev. Luke AVard soon after he
was called of (Jod to preach the gospel. He was
ordained in 1807, and left North Carolina for I'en-
nessee, an attractive region for Southern immi-
grants. He reached the neighborhood of Rort Royal,
near Nashville, Tenn., July 4, 1S07, where he lived
for a time, but his permanent residence was about
si.x. miles from Clarksville, and his labors were de-
voted chielly to the counties of Robertson, Mont-
gomery, and Stewart, 'I'enn., and Logan, 'I'odd,
and Christian, Ky.

In his severe jihysical toils he found time to
study the Bible; he carried it with him to the
woods, and while resting, after exhausting himself
in felling trees, he searched the book as he sat
upon a stum|i. Few ministers ever knew the
Rible moi'e thoroughly, or turned its teachings to
better account in his Own heart-conllicts and in
his numerous sernujus.

He was the founder of sever;il Ihiurishing
churches; ho gathei-cd throngs cil' iiin\ nts to llie
Saviour; for yrars his great taluiils and labors
made him practically a bishop over large sections
of Tennessee and Kentucky, and. gave an impulse

to the progress of truth in the regions where
ministry was exercised which will last for ages,
jiossilily until time is in its expiring throes.

lie was pastor of Bethel church, Christian (
Ky., for seventeen years, during wdiich he enjo
his greatest success, not only in the church but
all llie surrounding counlry. Here on a sum;
inoining he bapli/.ed si.xty-si.K converts, and
other occasions, large numbers ; many us(
preaclnu's were sent into the Master's viney
through his labors, and some of extraordinary a
ity and usefulness, like J. M. Pendleton, D.D., i
land, I'a.

He was tho most active minister in the format
of Uethcl Association, in 181^0, and for the f
twenty-six yi'ars he was its moderator, and wl
he resigned in 18") I a eomniitteo of tho Associati
reporting upon his resignation, say, "He can, w
more propriety than any otiier man, living or de
be designated thp father of the Association."
the organization of Bethel Association it consis
of eight churches and about seven liun<lred nu
hers; before Mr. Ross' death it had sixty-t
churches and above seven thousand niemb(
though the body sulfered severely from Campbi
ism. One year after retiring from the moderat
ship of the Association, on account of incroasi
inlirmities, he resigned the pastorate of Bet
church, though that grateful community oll'ered
pay his salary and employ an assistant.

He died January 28, 1860, mourned by ho
in several States. "When the desolations of the ei
war were succeeded by a meaS'Ure of prosper!
his brethren, warmly cherishing his great wor
held a memorial service June 20, 1871, at the <
homestead in i\Ion(gnmery Co., Tenn., where he w
buried, arid dedicated a monument to his memoi

James Ross, eminent as a scliolar and as a m
of intellect, has written a valuable biography
his father, Rev. Reuben Ross. One of the two so
of James Ross is Dr. John W. Ross, of the Unit
States Navy, " who so generously utilized his me
ical knowledge in the yellow fever epidemic
Mem|ihis a few years ago;' his only survivii
daughter is Mrs. Dudley, of Logan Co., Ky., "f
wliosi; gratiKcation" her fatlier |ireparcd his boa
til'ul sketch of her grandfather.

In the Bethel Association Mr. Ross had able c
workers in Warder, Tandy, Rutherford, Wartiel
^Vilson, and Anderson, and to-diij' these worthi'
are succeeded by men like T. 0. ICeen, D.D., whoi
praise is in all the churches, and whose Christiii
worth and unwearied toils are benedictions to tl
luinnuunilies for \vhi('li they labor.

Royall, Rev. William Bailey, sou of Kc

William Kovall, D.U., was born in Charleston, S. C
Sept. 2, Is I I, prol'o^i'il faith in (Jhrist at the ajj
of thirteen, under the ministry of Dr. Ilichar

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SAIilN

1334

SANDS

Funnan, iit Greonvillc, S. 0., entered Fiinnim Uiii-
vorsity, and neai-ly linislied the coui-se there, but
took liis degree of A. 15. at \Vake Fureat Cullof^o in
ISGl, with whiuh iiistitiitiim his father had lately
beuuiiie oumiceted.

IIo served four years in the army during the late
■war, lirst in the Santee Artillery, and afterwards
as a member uf the Fifty-liftli North , Carolina
Uegiment.

lie became tutor in Wake Forest College in 1806,
and Professor of Greek in 1S70. lie was ordained
in bSliy, Urs. \V. M. Wmgate, W. T. Wallers, W.
T. Urubks, and W, Uoyall eonstitulin;; the I'resby-
tery. lie has served the chnrelies of Louisburg,
Youngsville, and Furestville as pastor. lie has
the reputation of being an exeellont toaeher and
jireaeher, and his genial manners and gentle dis-
position endear him to all wh<; know him.

s.

Sabin, Judge Alvah, desecnded from famous
IIugn(;MOt aiieevtry, was born O'-t. li^J, IT'.KJ, in
Georgia, Franklin Co.,-Vt. ; was eonverted in ISO.),
and baptized by Mev. lloswell AJears in I81C; be-
gan to preaeh in 1817 ; pursued theological studies
under Dr. ^Villiam Staughtun at Philadelphia, I'a.,
for two years ; was ordained in 1821 ; became pas-
tor at Georgia, Vt., iii 1825, and retained his pas-
torate until 1870, with tlie exception of one year
devoted to an agency for the State Convention, and
the years 1807, 1808, 1809. In 1870 was compelled
by failing health at the age of eighty-three to re-
sign his pastorate, and removed to Sycamore, 111.,
where he still lives. .

During this h>ng pastorate Mr. Sabin was re-
garded as one of the striuigest |UX'achers of the
State, lie was deeply interi.'sted in educational
affairs, having been trustee of the University of
Vermont from 1845 to 1801, and chairman of the
board of trustees of New llamplon Institution, at
Fairfax, Vt., lor many years, lie was also active
as a citizen. In the war of 1812 he served as
orderly sergeant; was a member (jf the Lower
House of \'ermimt niiuj years, and of the Upper
House three years ; was secretary of state for Ver-
mont in 1841, a member of Congress from 1853-
57, judge of Fianklin County Court from 1849 to
1852, and county cummissioner under the prohib-
itory law for 1802-(;:i. i!eei-ived the degree (d'
A.M. I'rom llh' Ibilversity of Vermont in 1820. Xo
Bajilist ol' Verniont has made a more (Mulnring
record, or lived a nobler and more consecrated
life.

Sands, William, the founder of the Relijiwus
Heidtd. was born in Kngland in 1793, and died in
llichmond, Va., Aug. 30, 1808.

lie was a printer by trade, and eamc to Amcrici\
in 1818. For some time he was employed on the
Natinual Iiit/dlif/ciii-er, in Washington. Afterwards
lie removed to Baltimore, and became proof-reailer
in the printing establishment of John 1). Toy.

Soon after ho went to Baltimore be was liapti/.ed
into the fellowship of the First church by the Rev.
K. J. lieis, but subscipiently ho joineil the Second
church.

In December, 1827, ho was induced by Deacon
William Grane to remove to Richmond, and under-
take the establishment of a Virginia Ba|)tist paper,
which was greatly needc'd.

Accordingly he issued on the 1 1 tli of January,
1828, the first number of the Jielii/ioits Htndd.
Deacon Crane furnished the money and credit ne-
cessary to buy an outlit and start the paper. Rev.
Henry Keeling was for a time the editor, and Mr.
Sands was gmieral manager, proof-reader, etc. In
the course of several years Mr. Kc^eling retired,
and Mr, Saiuls became sole editor aiul proprietor.

It is impossible to realize the dilliculties which
beset INlr. Sands in establishing hisjiaper; and yet,
by |)atient industry, rigid economy, and skillful
managinnent, he overcame the obslaehis in his way,
paid back every borrowed dollar, and made the
J'dif/wus llcnild a power in the land, jind for
thirty-seven years wielded at\ iidluencte which w{)n
for him tin; litting title of "Nestor of the Ameri-
can Rapti.-t Press."

In 1857 he associated with him in the editorial
condin;t of the paper Rev. David Shaver, D.D.,
wliosi; scholarship and siginti ability enricheil its
columns and nnide the Ilcidid of" Sands (t Shaver''
the )iecr of any ndlgious )>aper in the latul.

The writer of this sketch had the privilege not
long since of looking through a file of the llcliijhitis
Ilcnihl while Sands & Shaver conducted it, anil he
has been greatly struck not only with the ability
and real value of the editorials, but liv theeviin-
gelieal, <Ievout, and i-cmservativc spiidt which runs
through them The issue of the J/cr(dd for that
memorable week in Api-il, bSlil, wliiidi witnessed
the fall of F(H't Sumter, the secession of Virginia,
and the beginning of the great "war between the
States," contains not the slightest edit(n-ial allusion

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SANDS

1335

SMALL

to tliese stirring events, and only tiie ijriufest men-
tion in tliu column of 'Secular nuwu."

Ami tlio L'llitoriiils iif tlic Ihruld during tlio war
>A'ill lie .sciiroliixl in vain for any bitter (leniineia-
tion of lliu North.

(Jh llie lieatli of Mr. Sands, J)r. Jeter thus spoke
of him ill an editorial in the lielii/Unis llciahl:

" As an edittn' he was rcmarlcaiile nut for the bril-
liancy of Ills thoughts, ur the elegance of his style,
but for llie .soundness of his juilgment, the wisdom
of his counsels, tlio conservatism of his views, and
the kindness of Ids spirit. Others might sow the
seeds of discord. Ids aim was to heal dissensions
and promote brotherly love, lie was a sound and
earnest but not u bigoted and iiUidcrant 15a|)tist.
He duly appreciated piety and good works in all
commnnions. lie was well instructed in Daptist
history, principles, and discipline, and was IVe-
quently consulted by individuals and churches on
questions of faith and ]iractice, and his answers
were freely given and generally satisfactory. He
prided himself on the accuracy of his historical,
and especially his statisticLil, knowledge. His head
was an encyclopasJia. Facts, dates, numbers, were
at Ids tongue's end, and his memory was rarely at
fault concerning them. In all our denominational
enterprises he felt a lively interest, and took an
active part in Sunday-schools, missions, education,
temperance; in short, every good cause found in
liim an earnest and consistent advocate.''

On the 3d day of April, 1SG5, the ollice and fi.\-
tures of the Rdiyioiis Herald were consumed iu
the great coiiflagration which destroyed the heart
of the business )iortion of llichmontl.

Sands & Shaver were never able to resume pub-
lication, and linally sold their "good will" to Jeter
&, Diekliisoii. Mr. Sands' editorial career thus
closed in the flamed which lighted the way Ibr the
retreating Confederates ami the victorious Federals
at the close of the memorable siege of llichmond.

lUit his iiiUuenee still lives, and shall go on for-
ever. We justly honor the \'irgiiiia liaptist heroes
who in the last century, Irom the grated windows
of their pi'isons, preached to the throngs wdio gath-
ered to hear them. We speak the ]iraises of our
eloipunit preachers and earnest woikers of later
days, our Hruadduses, Semple, Kerr. Tavlor, Jeter,
Poindi;.\ter, Wilt, Jiyland, }Lowell, and other win--
thies, who laid broad and deep the foundations of
our ISaptist fu'osperity in VirLMiiia. I>iit at least
equal honor is due to this quiet, patient, zealous
worker, who for thirty-seven years sent into the
homes of the people a messenger giving no uncer-
tain souml, lint ever pleading for "the old paths"
of righteousness, and urging the hosts of the l^ord
to be " ready continually unto every good word and
work."

For forty years Mr. Sands \yas an active member

of the Second Baptist cliurcli of llichmond; punc-
tual in his attendance, liberal in his contributions,
and wise in his counsels. His health hail been
fceble^for some time, but lie )iassed suddenly away
at last. As lie was caressing one of his grand-
children he sank back on the sofa and e.x[iired. At
the last meeting of the iJovor Association wdiicli he
attended lie was elected moderator, and in an ap-
propriate valedictory address said, with a gooil deal
of emotion, '' I shall never meet my brethren again
on earth." And so it proved. His work was done,
and iiidily done.
Shackelford, Josephus, D.D., was bom in

I'orlsiiioutli, \'a., Feb. {',, ISLil); baptized |jy Ivev.
IMartin IJall, in Mississippi, in l.S4'J; graduated
from Mercer University in ISo.), and ordained the
same year at Pontotoc ; after a brief missionary
Avork in Memphis, Tenn., he accepted the jiresi-
deiicy of the Baptist Female College at Moulton,
Ala., in IS.'iO, wdiieli was nourishing until broken
u|i liy the war. He then entered the army of the
Confederate States as captain of cavalry, and be-
came chaplain in ISl'i.'i. Ketiring from the army in
iNtil, he reopened his school ; constantly had charge
'of cliuridies wdiile he was' teaching. In bSlio he
commeiici'd in Moulton the publication i.d' the
Christian Herald, then the only Uaptist paper in
the State. It was published for some time in Tus-
cumbia, and then in Nashville, until purchased by
the proprietors id' the Clirisliaa Lidex. He was
pastor in Tusculnbia for quite a number of years.
In 1870 he removed to Forest City, Ark., as pastor,
and was president of the Baptist College in that
place. lloturned to Alabama in 187'J, and took
charge of the high school at Trinity, where he still
presides, having charge of sevi-ral churches. The
degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him
by the Alabama Agricultural College in \H7\1. Dr.
Shackelford stood for many years as our most dis-
tinguished minister in' North Alabama.

Small, Albion Keith Parris, D.D., was born
in Limingtou, Me., Aug. 211, lti2l, and was a grail u-
ate of Waterville College, now Colby University, in
the class of 1^>4U. Among his idassmatcs were Hon.-
Mark Hill Diinnell, M.C., Itev. Dr. F]. C. Mitchell,
and Uev. William H. Hum|diie3'. Soon after leav-
ing college he became )iriiu-ipal of the academy in
Hebron, .Me., where he remaiiied till ISnl, when he
removed to Bucklield, IMe., where a church was
organized of which he was the lirst pasttn-. Here
his pastorate continued for seven years, 18')l to IS.5S,
when he removed to Bangor, Me., and became tlio
pastor of the First Baptist church in that city,
which relation he sustained about ton years, IS.OS
to ISGS. From Bangor he was called to the Free
Street cliureh, Portland, one of the strongest and
ablest chiindies in the Stale of M.iine. His prede-
cessors were Uev. Lewis Colby, Itev. I. S. Fatnn, and

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SMITH

1330

,S7'A'A'( 'KR

Rev. Drs. T. 0. Lincoln, G. AV. Bosworth, and J.
C. StOi.'klji-ii.lge. Fioni Portliind lie reinovej, after
a ministry of six yoai's, ISOS to 1S74, to Full Kivtii-,
Alass. or tlic First Baptist chiiruli in that city lie
lias been tlio pastor siiieo XfilA. \)y. Small was
chosen a member of the board of trnstces of t'olliy
University in LStiO ; that institution in 1870 con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity;
His son, Albion Woodbury Small, A.M.,' a graduate
of Colby in the class of 1870, entered upon liis
duties as Professor of History in the university in
1881.

Smith, Rev. E, B., son of Rev. "Wm. N. Smith,
was born June .'i, 1832, in Guernsey Co., Ohio. He
was converted at twenty, and baptized into the fcl-
'owsliip of the Tomica Baptist church by Uev. J.
Frey, Jr. lie removed to Indiana in 1858, and iu
that year was licensed and ordained by the Leuanon
Baptist church, and rciiiained their pastor until
18(il, when he reliiimil tii <.)liio and took charge
(it his lioiiie ehureli. In iMiy he settled at .Viiams-
viile, mid in 1870 with llie liiidiior cliurch, in llei-
aware County. In 1874 he was called to the pas-
torate of the First Baptist church of Saint Paris,
Irom thence to Bellel'ontaine, and at present he
has the oversight of tlie First l>a|itist ciiureh o^
De GraQ; Ohio.

Thus far he has given to the Lord about twenty-
five years of unbroken service in the Jiiinistry.

Smith, Henry F., D.L., was born at Smith-
town, L. I., ,May 9, 1828, of Presbyterian parents.
He was early converted to Baptist views, and bap-
tized into the fellowship of the Cannon Street
church, New York, Feb. 19, 1843. He wiis fitted
for college in the academical department at Hamil-
ton, and was graduated from the New York Uni-
versity. He was licensed to preach when under
twenty years of ago by the Central church of
Brooklyn. He was ordained pastor of the First
Baptist church at Hastings on the Hudson, April
24, 1851. He accepted the pastorate of the Bap-
tist church in Baiiksville, Conn., Jan. 1, bSj4. He
began his pastorate of the First BloomlieUl church.
New Jersey, Oct. 1, 1858. Here he gave more than
ten years of ellicient ]iulpit and pastoral work. He
was called from this place to fill the pulpit of the
large and important First New Brunswick church,
made vacant by the death of ilcv. Dr. lliddcll. He
commenced his work here April 1, 1869. The
years since have been years of constant growth.
During his pastorate two large and nourishing
churches have been organised from the member-
ship of the First clmn.'h. The benevolent contri-
butions of these years have been over $130,000.
Dr. Smith is a faithful and tender-hearted pastor,
an ctTi'ctivi; |inlpit speaker, and eminently Scrip-
tural in matter, lie is a close student of God's
word in the original tongues, a man of wide read-

ing, and a frequent contributor to current literature.
His labors have extended beyond his own parish.
From 1805 to 1879 he was secretary of the State
Convention, peiformiug a large amount of work in
building up the feeble churches of Nc!W Jersey.
He >s a member of the Board of JIanagers of the
Missionary Union, also a trustee of I'ciKlio Insti-
tute. ]>ewisburg University conferred upon him
the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1879. No man
has had wore to do in the development and mould-
ing of the Biiptist churches in the State in the last
twenty years than Dr. Smith.

Spencer, J. H., D.D., was born in Allen Co.,
Ky., Sept. 9, 1826. He was brought up on a
farm. From a child he was fond of solitude, and
spent most of his Sabbaths and holidays wander-
ing iu " the dim old forests," among the rocky cliff's

J. n. Sl'K.NCKK, D.n. ■

and along the clear mountain streams, feeling
need of no other company than that of twenty-
three children (of which he was the third) born to
William Spencer, and two orphans and three step-
children raised by that devoted ('liristian i'acher
and philanthropist. He taught school to acquire
the means of attending college. He professed con-
version, and united with Hopewell Baptist-clun'ch,
near his birthplace, Jan. 20, 1849. He had selected
the law for iiis profession, and punliased a small
library of standard wtirks, jireiiaratory to euteriug
a law-school, 'fliese books ho read carefully.
Meainvhilc he jniucil a debaling society, in wliicli
he disclosed some talent lor speaking. lie wa.s
licensed to pireaeli in the spring of lN.'i3, and or-

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SPENCER

1337

STEADMAN

(lained by the venerable Thoiiiiis Sorivciior and
othei-s May (3, lcS54. Soon afterwarils be entered
BetbelCollego atRussellville, Ky., having preaclied
an often :ih convenient I'runi tlie time lie was )i-
eeiiNcd. lie usually jireaelied Saturdays aii<l Sun-
days while attending college, lie was coMi|)elled
to leave schord beliire the closo.of his junior year
on aeeoiint of failing health. lie was innncdiately
enniloyed by some liberal brethren as mis.sionary
of Bays' Fork Association, in bis native county.
His labors were much blessed. In October, 1857,
he took pastoral charge of the church at Clover-
port, Ky. In 18(50 he resigned this position to
accept that of missionary of Nelson Association.
Sept. 15, 1861, be settled in Jcll'erson Co., Ky. In
October, 1S(J2, he took pastoral charge of the cimvch
at Henderson, Ky. At the close of the year 1863,
being satisfied that he was not qualified for the pas-
toral ollice, he resigned it to become missionary of
Long Run Association, which includes the churches
of Louisville, Ky. After occupying this position
a year, he was employed by the board of the Gen-
eral Association as evangelist for the State at large
for several years, since Avhich he has been engaged
in the work of an evangelist on his own pecuniary
responsibility, principally in the central part of
Kentucky. He has labored in this work almost
continually down to the present time, preaching
one year 573 sermons, averaging an hour in length.
He has witnessed the reception into the churches
of nearly 4000 persons.

In early life be became interested on the subject
of i)olitios, made a few speeches, and wrote for sev-
eral political papers, but coming to the conclusion
tliat this course was incompatible with the gospel
ministry, which ho then had in view, he abandoned
politics altog(;thcr. While in the )iastoral oHicc he
wrote many pieces? on various literary subjects, and
a number of short poems, some grave and others
humorous. In 1803 he published a small pam-
phlet on the Action of Baptism. In 186(j he pub-
lished the Life of 'I'homas J. Fisher, the celebrated
pulpit orator, in a small volume of 208 pages. He
has nearly ready for the press the " History of the
liise and Progress of the Baptists on the American
Continent, with especial Beference to their Strug-
gles for Religious Liberty." He was the principal
Kentucky contributor to Cathcart's " Baptist Eney-
clo])a3dia." He is also engaged in writing a history
of the Kentucky Baptists. These and various arti-
elesmnd sermons published in the religious period-
icals, have all been the work of brief periods of
time snatched from the arduous labors of an itin-
erant evangelist. His present residence is Pleasure
Bidge Park, Jefferson Co., Ky. Dr. Spencer enr
joys the cimfidenco and love of throngs of admiring
friends, who honor liim for bis successful work and
great worth.
8.5

Staughton, William, D.D. For article, see
page lU'JT.

U'lI.LI.lM STAUGIITON, D.D.

Steadman, William, D.D., was born near Leo-
minster, England, August 12, 17C4. His youth
was a continual struggle with physical infirmity
and diffidence. At the age of seventeen he was able
to support himself by teaching school, which be
successfully contiiau^d until, in his twenty-fourth
year, he entered Bristol Baptist College as a student
for the ministry.

His pious mother died while he was yet a child,
but her prayers and Christian teaching, and a bap-
tism which he witnessed in his seve;iteenth year,
led to his conveision.

His first ministerial charge was at Broughton,
Hampshire, where he remained eight years, and
where he became the ]iastor and friend of Miss
.Vniie Steele, whose hymns are so dear to Christiana
of every name ; and here he began those village
preachings tu which his /.eal impelled him through
the course of a long life.

In 1798 he removed to Plymouth, where he re-
mained seven years with much success, frcr|uently
making tours into Cornwall and preaching in tin-
open air.

From the beginning of bis ministry not only
home but foreign iiii>sions enlisted his warmest
sympathies. AV'itli his friends and co-laborers,
Fuller, Pearce, llyland, and others, he engaged in
the new enterprise with all his heart, and ceased
his efforts for the cause only with ids life.

His great work, however, was dunr in connection

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)iiiHoniiii 'i.l' -1, ' I'll

•■..|. •,<;'-'. !< i

STIDHAM

1338

^UFFllUjy

■with llm-ton Colloi^o, estiiblisliL'J in Bnulfui-il, Yoric-
Khire, ill ISOf), of wiiioli In; hcoiuiie the first iirosi-
dout, mill us pustor of tlii! liiijitist churcli in tii;it
)ihicc. Hero for thirty years lie nobly |ierforiiioJ
his duties, devoting. his best oneri^ies to the suecess
of the institution and the welfare of his church ;
watchiiiii; i>vi:r the slinlents with parental t'are, anil
prcachiiij; all over the land durinj; his oxtonded
tours. 'I'lie work prospered in his hands ; two strong
ciiurches were built up in Bradford, the chiirehes
in Yorkshire trebled their numbers, and many faith-
ful ministers of Christ went forth from under his
earc to be a blessing to their country and the world.

Dr. Steadiiian was humble, sincere, and devout,
generous and warm-hearted, lie enjoyed in a re-
markable degree the contidence and itllection of all
who knew him. His reputation was not confined
to I'liigland alone, as was shown by the degree of
D.D. which he received in 1S15 from Brown Uni-
versity. As an instructor,- his constant aim was to
make his students useful ; to teach tiiem to win
souls rather than applause; and above all to culti-
vate in their own hearts the piety which thi;y com-
mended to -others. He died in his seventy-third
year, lieloved and lamented ; having ])reaelied his
last sermon a month Ijeforo his death from the
words, ■' And daily in the temple and fro)ii house
to house they ceased not to teach and to preach
Jesus Christ," a passage strikingly in keeping with
his wliole ministerial career.

Stidham, Eev. I. F., Ph.D., was bom In Bal-
timore, iMd. United with tlie First Baptist church
of that city, being baptized by the Rev. J. W. M.
Williams, D.D. Soon after joining the church
completed the public school* course and entered
Columbian University. llis first charge was at
Nanjemoy, Charles Co., l\Jd., which he resigned
to become pastor of the Falls of Schuylkill (I'hila-
del]ihia) church in March, 18(58. After a pastorate
of nearly five years ho removed to Columbus, 0.,
taking charge of the First Baptist church, where
he is now (1882) pastor. lie has been honored by
election to active and corresponding membership
in a number of the li'ading scientific societies of
this country and Europe. Deniiison University
Conferred on him in 18.S1! the honorary degree of
Doctor of Philosophy.

Stifler, Prof, J. M., D.D,, was bom near Al-
toona, I'a., Dec. 8, Is:;',) ; baptized into the fellow-
ship of the church at La Moille, III., Aug. 11, 1801 ;
graduated with first honor at .Shurtlelf College,
Up|ier Alton, 111., June, l.*<G(), and completed theo-

logical course at same institution in 1869. Beoanio
pastor of the church at Xokomis, Til., in 18li8, and
reiiiuined until bS71, when he accepted the chair
of Bible Fkegesis in Shiirtlell' ('ollege. Here he
served until 1875, and during the last , two years
he was pastor also of the church at Upper Alton.
In IS?,') ho took I'hargo of the church at Hamilton,
N. ^'., and remained until IST'.I, when lie becamo
[lastor ol' the church at New Haven, Conn. In
188- he was called to the chair oi' New Testament

I'ROF, J. ,M. ,ST11 l.l.lt, II. i).

Exegesis in Crozer 'riioologii-al Seminary, which
position he now holds. He has lieen a frequent
contributor to religious journals, especially in the
exposition of .Sunday-school lessons. One of the
chapters in " Jenkons's Baptist Doctrines" iis froni
his able pen. He received the degree of D.D. from
Shurtleir College in 1875.

In every position to which he has been called
Dr. Stiller has shown himself jiossessed of a well-
trained mind and heart. As a preacher, teacher,
and author he has won a large place in the aflec-
tions of his brethren. His sermons are fresh, clear,
vigorous, and full of Christ, and the suecess of his
labors is attested by the liundreds of converts he
has baptized during his ministry.

Suffield Literary Institute, For article, see
page 209.

<A.

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THOMAS

1340

THOMAS

T.

Thomas, Archibald, Esq., was borri in Caro-
line Co., Va., Marcli 2S, 17'J6. When compara-
tively young he removed to IlichnionJ, and entered
upon an active and successful Inisiness career. In
the year 1826 lie was led to a full acceptance of
Christ as his personal Saviour. Reared under
Pedobaptist teachings, ho was inclined to unite
with " the church of liis fathers," and strong in-
fluences were now used to effect tliis object, but
an earnest study of the Now Test:inient convinced
him that tlie 15aptists were right, and while he was
arranging to follow the Saviour liis devoted wife
found Jesus, and promptly decided to be baptized.
He determined to wait ii while, but on his way to
the river where she and others were to be immersed,
he was so overwhelmed with a conviction of the ini-
]jro|iriety of delay that he ulfered himself to the
church, was received at the water's edge, and bap-
tized by Rev. John Kerr, then pastor of the First
Baptist cliurch, and "went on his way rejoicing."
From that day he was a rigid adherent of the pe-
culiar tenets which separate Baptists from others,
and while always charitable, lie was ever decided
in maintaining and propagating his Baptist prin-
ciples.

In February, 1827, he was made a deacon, and
" used well" the office up to the day of his death.
Intelligent, zealous, punctual, devout, liberal, and
firm, he loved the ''old First church" with rare
devotion, and was ever found at the post of duty,
whetlier in. the Sunday-school, the prayer-meeting,
the church conference, or the more public services
of the sanctuary. He was a rigid disciplinarian.

He was deeply interested in benevolent objects,
and especially in foreign missions. He was a
member of the Foreign Mission Board of the
Southern Baptist Ooiivention from its organization,
and down to a short (loriod before his death lie
was its eiKoiont treasurer, giving to it gratuitous
laliors which were worth thousands of dollars.
Not content with mere official duty, ho would fre-
quently write the missionaries affectionate and
wise letters. Returned missionaries always found
beneath his roof a warm welcome.

As a citizen and an active business man, ]Mr.
Thomas was honored and respected by all who
knew him. As a husband, father, and friend, he
was ever affectionate and true, and his home was
not only adoriuMl with all that wealth ami taste
could afford, but culture and piety reigned there.

He was " given to hospitality," and never seemed

happier than when his spacious mansion was filled
with guests, iind especially with ministers, in
whose society ho tooli peculiar delight.

The saintly Dr. James B. Taylor, who knew him
intimately, said of him. "Brother Thomas was a
decided, reliable friend. In his statements he was
frank and outspoken, and while he might some-
times appear unduly blunt in his reproofs, all who
knew him saw beneath an apparently blunt man-
ner a warm, affectionate heart."

He had been in failing health for some time, but
his summons was sudden. Soon after retiring to
rest on the night of May 1, 1861, the quick ear of
his devoted wife detected sounds of labored breath-
ing, but before help could be summoned he had
quietly fallen "asleep in Jesus." When loving
friends bore him to the tomb a sad vacancy was
left in his church, his home, the comiiiunity, and
among the Baptists of Virginia. His memory will
long be precious among those who knew him.

Thomas, Cornelius Arnold, D.D., was born ia
Braintree, Mass., near the beginning of this cen-
tury, and was a graduate of Waterville College,
now Colby University, in the class of 1832. One
of his three classmates was the Rev. Dr. Ilosea
C^uinby, one of the most eminent ministers in th&
Free [Will] Baptist denomination, lie pursued his-
theological studies at the Newton Institution, and
graduated in 1835. Among his classmates in the
seminary were Rev. Dr. J. Banvard, Rev. Dr. 1).
N. Sheldon, at one time president oi" AVaterville
College, and who subsequently became (i Unitarian,
and Rev. Lewis Colby. Shortly alter his gradua-
tion he was ordained pastor of tlie church in
Brandon, the ordination taking place Oct. 7, 1835.
This |)astorate, his only one, continued for the un-
usually long jieriod of forty years, 1835-75. Since
his resignation he has remained a resident of Bran-
don, where ho now (1882) has his home. Middle-
bury College, in 1854, conferred on him the degree
of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Thomas is held in de-
servedly high respect not only by the ministers of
his own denomination in Vermont, but by those of
other denominations. ' He will long live in the
memory of thosc^ who may come after him.

Thomas, James, Jr., was bom in Caroline Co.,
Va., ill ISOIi. lie, though niit a college graduate,
has a line education, secured from early training,
extensive reading, the society of cultured ]iersons,
and the constant e.tertioiis of a powci-l'iil and inquir-
ing mind, so that he has a marked place among the

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THOMAS

1341

THOMAS

well-infonued business men of Richmond and Vir-
ginia. Onu would infer fioin his pure English, ex-
tensivo iMfi)rniatioii, and line coiiversiitioual [lowors
tliat lio was a cullcgu-bred man.

Mr. Thomas's business career has been one of
indomitable energy, high intelligence, skillful man-
agement, strict integrity, and splendid success.

B<'ginnirig business in Lynclfhurg, Va., he speed-
ily Ibunil it necessary to select a wider field for
the exercise of his financial ability, and accord-
ingly he removed to Richmond, where he soon be-
'came the leading manufacturer in his business in
the world, and introduced bis numerous brands not
only all over America but in Europe and elsewhere.

Mr. Thomas's factories, which were then the most
complete in existence, were destroyed by fire in
July, iy53, but were promptly rebuilt. His losses
during the Confederate occupancy and evacuation of
Richmond (by the destruction of his buildings and
the derangement of his business) were estimated
at from seven to eight hundred thousand dollars;
but he went on his career of energy and success,
in no wise disheartened by these serious reverses.

Mr. Thomas, if he had entei-ed the legal pro-
fession or politics, would have risen to great dis-
tinction. With almost intuitive knowledge of men
and rare powers of perception, he combines keen
analysis, rapid generalization, discriminating logic,
and tlie force of character which secure distinction
and success in statesmanship atid jurisprudence.
As a financier he would have taken rank with the
best in the land.

As a Christian and a Baptist Mr. Thomas has
won for himself a "good degree" in connection
with the olil First Baptist church, into whose fel-
lowship lie was baptized by Rev. John Kerr.
Always an active chui'ch member, punctual in his
attendance on the services of the church and at
its business meetings, a liijeral contributor to its
support, a wise counselor, and an active helper in
all of its efforts, Mr. Thomas has been especially
a promoter of peace and harmony, and has fre-
quently prevented serious alienations by his judi-
cious personal efforts. Besides generous pecuniary
support, ills pastors have always found in hiju a
wise counselor, a sympathizing friend, and a con-
stant, never-failing upholder. It is delightful to
watch him as he drinks in the gospel, whether
from the logical Jeter, the impassioned Burrows,
the devout Warren, or the elorpient Hawthorne,
and it is a privilege to talk with him in private,
and find the hold which the "doctrines of grace"
have on his mind an(i his heart. lie is a diligent
student of the Bible, and fond of conversing with
those competent to throw light on the meaning of
passages of Scripture. For years bel'ore an elficient
teacher, in 18-17 lie succeeded James C. Ci'ano ns
superintendent of the Sunday-school, and filled the

office until 1806 with nuirkeil ability and succea
the school enjoying during his Kuperinteudeney tl
highest degree of prosperity it has ever knuw
As a Buperiutcndent he was enthusiastic, patico
sagacious, progressive, firm, liberal, watchful (
youthful talent, and in full sympathy with tl
young. On the very day, at the very hour his fi\
tories were in flames he attended and supervised
Sunday-sciioul picnic, saying that he had"giv(
his word" to the children and would not forfeit
on account of the fire. lie was almost the first i
the South to introduce the impi-oved and more a
tractive music into his Sunday-school, and whi
ill health compelled him reluctantly to yield li
office the school numbered over 700, having grow
under his skillful nuiiiagement from 250 pupils.

Education has had in Mr. Thomas a warm frier
and liberal supporter. The Richmond Fema
Institute was founded largely through his exe
tions and aid. Richmond College is indebted
liim more than to any other man for its great us
fulness. He is the oldest living trusteg, presid
over the board, has endowed a jirofessorship, whii
bears his name, and in all its struggles has been
cheerful and munificent contributor to the colleg
The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in i
chequered career has never appealed to him :
vain. A score of young men and women lia'
been educated through his unknown benefaction
Many young preachers have had hours of gloo
cheered and brightened by his timely help. II
private gilts, unrecorded and often unsuspecte.
are like a perennial stream. The poor of h
church have rested heavily on his heart, and tl
injunction to remember them has not been forgottt
in creed or in practice.

It is in the home circle that Mr. Thomas ajipeai
probably to the greatest advantage, as his domest
attachments are unusually strong. Ilis house f(
years has been renowned for " old Virginia hosp
tolity," and thousands have found under his roi
genial cheer and cordial welcome. Ills large fau
ily, consisting for many years of one son, Wu
D. Thomas, I).D., and seven accomplished daugl
ters, is the model of a happy home circle, whei
parents and children and grandchildren live in tl
fellowship and unreserve of mutual confidence an
unbroken love. It is due to truth and justice I
add that much of this harmciny and all'eetlon is (
be ascribed to the pious, discreet, unselfish, Jovin
wife, the daughter of Deacon Richard Northau
who has walked by his side as companion an
friend for forty years, and who has been a stron
but quiet and beneficent force in the life of thl
successful nnil useful man.

Thomas, William D., D.D., son of Janu!
Tbomas, Jr., of lllclimond, was burn in (larollu
Co., Va., in 18311.

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V^ ■•'■■•' "' y'^'f l->'''

THOMAS

1342

riro}rAS

Prepared for college atgoml schools in RiclimonJ,
he was always a diligent student, entered Iticliiiiond
College well advanced, and graduated with lnj;li
distinction. From it lie went to tlic Univuisity ol'

WILLIAM II. TllOM \S, II. D.

Virginia, and, after diligent stud^', won the degree
of Master of .Arts, which has heeu regarded as the
highest evidence of real sehohtrshi|i conferred by
any college in the country, lie was jironounccd
by his professors one of the best graduates they
had ever sent oi|t.

Keared by pious parents and in the efficient Sun-
day-school of the First Baptist church of Iliehinond,
Dr. Thonias had early religious impressions, and
during a great revival in which Dr. lliehard Fuller
assisted the jiastor, Dr. Jeter, he was converted.
Owing to the sickness of Dr. Jeter, he was baptized
by Dv. Fuller. Coming into the kingdom under
the impress of two such men as Jeter and Fuller,
having the gnidanco of pious friends, and having
both at Richmond College and tlie University of
Virginia the best inlluences thrown ariimid him, he
was a consistent Christian, and had from time to
time serious convictions in reference to entering tlie
gosjiel ministry.

After leaving the university he reail law for a year
with an eminent lawyer of llichmond, but at the e.x.-
])iration of that time he decided tliat it was his duty
to preach, and promptly laid aside his law books.

Soon afterwards he was ordained, and became
jiastor ol' Aldunt t'arme! church, Caroline Co.,
where he at once won a rcputiilion as a preacher
and a warm place in the aQ'ectioiis of his people.

In October, 1857, ho accepted a call to the church
at Warrenton, Va., in wliicli he labored until the
S|iring of 1.SIJ2, when tlie tide iif war rolhul over
his home ; his church was takini for a hospital, and
he retired inside the Confederate lines.

AV'iiile in Warrenton he was also for a time pas-
tor of Itroad Run church, in Fauquier, and Blue
Run, in Orange County.

Dr. Thomas's pastorate in Warrenton was very
useful in adding to the numbers and eniciency of
the cliureh, in Iniikling a new and beautiful house
of worship, in establishing a nourishing female
institute, artil in generally building np the cause
throughout that region.'

In 1804 he accepted a call to the church at
Greenville, S. C, the then hication of the Southern
Baptist Theological Seminary, and remained in
this pastorate until Octolier, 1871 , when he accepted
a call to the Freemascm Street church, Norfolk.
Having in his congregation at On^cnville the jiro-
fessors and students of the Beminary, and of Fur-
man University, Dr. Thomas preached to one of the
most cultivated congregations in the coutitry, and
yet be so I'ully met the demand upon him, that Ih-.
John A. liioadns fitly voiced the general sentiment
when he .--aid, in a recent editorial in the lieliijions
Jlerahl, "I sat undm- J>r. Thomas's ministry for
seven years, and slmuld be more than delighted
if I could enjoy that privilege for seven jears
more.''

From October, 1871, to August, 1881, Dr.
Thomas served tlie church in Norfolk with an un-
tiring industry and zeal, a wise discretion, and a
marked ability, which left his impress on the
church and the community, and caused deep grief'
when, ill August, 1881, he resigned to accept a
professorship in Richmond College.

Taken as a whole. Dr. Tlmm.'Ls's pastorate in
Norfolk was one of the most successful known in
'Virginia, not simply in bringing members into the
cliurch, but in training them for elliciency in every
department of church work. Indeed, each of his
pastorates has been successful, and ho has always
been able to win the warm alVectinn as well as the
enthusiastic admiration ol' his people. Dr. Thomas
is regarded by competent judges as an able, clear,
and powerful preacher of the gospel. As a plat-
form speaker he is V(.'ry ell'i.'ctive, as a debater he
has few equals, and is considered fully able to sus-
tain himself again.-,t all 0(im|ietitor3.

Earnest in his manner, clear as a sunbeam in his
statements, closely logical in his argnmcnts, cour-
teous to his opponents, yet incisive in his rejoin-
ders, Dr. 'I'homas's points are always well taken,
and maintained with the skill of a trained imlemie
and the power of a great thinker, and tlmse wlio
have witnessed his'deliates with Hiieli mi^ii as Drs.
Jeter and Poiiidc.xter, Governor Jus. l). lirown, and

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TUI'I'KIi

1343

TYLER

otliurs of our "i^iaiits," liave, witliout liesitation,
placed liiiu in the front rank of our debaters.

lie was unaniiiiously ulectcd to tlio chair ho now
fills in lliclnnond College, because the trustees saw
in his native intellect, Utu; attaininents, studious
lial)its, and liij^ii character just the (|ualities needed,
and tho several months lie haJj lu'eii in the profes-
sorsliip liave sliown hiiu to be a (ino lecturer and
an admirable teacher.

Reared in allluenee. Dr. Thomas has never spared
hiiuself, but by his constant hard work has I'ichly
merited the place he has secured among our accom-
plisheil seludars and able preachers.

Tupper, Rev. H. Allen, Jr., son of Dr. II. A.

'l'np|ier, correspiindini; .secretary of tho Fin'oiirn
^llasion Hoard of tho iSoutliern ]!;iptist (Junven-
tion, and nephew of Dr. J. P. Hoyce, was born in
18.JG, in Washinj^ton, (<a. iVt tliirteen he entered
Charleston College, S. (.'., two years later, Ilicli-
moud College, -four years later, the University of
\'irginia, anil in 1870, tlie Southern Baptist Theo-
logical Seiiiiiuiry, from which, after pursuing a
lull course, he graduati'd in May, I87'J, imme-
diately after which he became pastor of the Ilar-
rodslnirg, Ky., Uaptist church, whore he has
been blessed with great success in his )ninistry.
Mr. Tupper is regarded as one of tho most promis-
ing pastors in Kentucky.

Turpin, Rev, John Broadus, was born in

Ilenrieu Co., \'a., Sept. 28, lS-18, and roared in
lliohmond, whither liis parents removed soon after
his birth.

He enjoyed the advantages of a refined Christian
home, had early religious impressions, and in tho
autumn of 18G3 was baptized into the fellowship of
the Leigh Street Baptist church by tho Uov. Dr.
.f. B. Solomon. In Octoljor, 1867, he entered Rich-
mond College, where he was a successful student,
grailuating with the degree of JM.A. in the summer
of 1870.

In October, 1870, he entered the Law School of

Kiclimon<l College, then under the aljlo conduct of >

- 1

Jiulge Ilalyburton, Wm. Green, LL.D., and J. L.

y\. (Jurry, LL.D., and graduated with the degree of I
B.L. in the summer of IS71. He was at once ad-
milted to the bar of Uiehmond, and ente'red enthu-
siastically upon his chosen profession with every
]irospect of finding '' room at the top." But the
Lord called him into the gospel ministry, to which
he was ordained at Leigh Street church in June,
bS73. So'on after he took charge of the Black
A\^dnut and IIalifa.>c Court-House churches, and
has since devotml his whole time to preaching the
gospel.

On Nov. 13, 1^73, he was married to Miss Susan

LamarCurry (only daughter of Dr. J. L. M. Curry),
whose devoted pioty and untiring zeal won for her
the love of all with whom she came in contact, and
exerted an inlluence in promoting tho success of
her husband which cannot be measured. This
noble ('hrislian woman died Jan. 7, 18,^1.

iMr. Turpin a(M'i'|ileil ihe. call of the Warrenlon
church in January, 187'J, and has just completed
three years of most encouraging work.

"As a preacher, ho is quiet and dignified in
manner, studious and faithful in the production of
his sermons, and solemn and tender in his delivery.
He has gentleness without elleminaoy, humility
combined with courage, and self-reliance without
conceit. III! ls.steailily growing, and will, if spared,
be richly useful in tho ministry.

■'Brother Turpin will disa|ipnint many expecta-
tions if ho does iMt become one of our mo.st effective
men. AV'ilh the advantages of a good mind, rich
culture, and a host of loving friends to cheer him
on, ho must do well. The gates of gulden opportu-
nities are o|jen before him." His past record pre-
dicts large coming successes.

Tyler, James E., who for nearly twenty years
has been actively idontilied with Ba[itist interests
in Chicago, was born at Hillsdale, Columbia Co.,
N. Y., .Alarcli 11, 1811. During his infancy the
family removed to \\ est Stockbridge, Alass. When
he was si.xtoen he became clerk in the village store,
and the proprietor removing soon after to Canaan,
N. Y., he was persuaded to accompany him. In
182'J he became a resident of (Cincinnati, 0., con-
necting himself there with an insurance office. A
branch being established in Louisville, Mr. Tyler
took charge of it, and that city, in 1834, became
his home. Business prospered, and he was in due
time ranked with the wealth}' and inlhiential citi-
zens of the place. Jlr. Tyler undertook, in 1809,
a tour of tho East, visiting Egypt and tho Holy
Lanil ; some letters home, descriptive of his jour-
ney, finding publication in tho Liiuisvilli- Jaiinnil,
then edited Iiy George D. I'rentiee. At the out-
break of the war he removed North. In 18l')2 he
established himself in ('hiiMgo, and soon took a
place beside tho successful business men of that
city.

Mr. Tyler early interested himself in the Uni-
versity of Chicago, serving as one of its trustees.
In the establishment of the Theological Seminary
he actively shared, serving also upon the board of
this institution. As a member of the First Ihip-
tist church, he has contributed generously to tho
various building and mission enti'rprises of that
body. His gifts to the seminary have also been
large.

t'A:.i

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riNTON

1344

WALDROP

V.

Vinton, Justus H., D.D., was bm-n in Willing-
ton, Conn., Kel). 17, li^UG. Wlien ten years of age
he was converted, and soon after nnited with the
Baptist church of Ashford. At sixteen he felt the
call of God to preach the gospel. In 1826 he en-
tered Hamilton Institution to study for the minis-
try. In IS.'^O, one year after a day of fasting and
prayer, to loarn his duty in referencg to going AVest
us a missionar}', when he was strongly impressed
that h« should go to Burmali, he finally decided to
spend his life in that heathen country. While at-
tending to college duties, and during vacations, he
preached wherever he had an opportunity, and he
had some great revivals at this early period.

In July, 1834, Mr. and Mrs. Vinton sailed for
Burmah in the " Cashmere," and landed in Maul-
main in December of that year. During their
passage, in answer to fervent prayfers and faitliful
preaching, a number of tlie officers and men of the
vessel were converted. Having learned the lan-
guage of the Karens from a native at Hamilton,
N. Y., the missionary and his wife left for the
jungle a week after they landed, and commenced
to preach among a people to whom the Saviour had
never been f)resented, and they continued for three
months, going from village to village, telling the
story of the Cross to hungry multitudes, and con-
verts rewarded these toils wherever they went.
For many years Dr. Vinton was engaged in this
blessed work, and he was one of the most success-
ful missionaries that ever led souls to Jesus.
Throngs were born again, many churches were es-
talilished, preachers and teachers were sent out,
and a mighty work was performed for God and for
the races dwelling in Burmah.

In Rangoon his labors for the people at the ter-
mination of the last war with England were as-
tonishing ; he and his wife oared for a multitude

of the sick, they bought rice on credit and distrib-
uted it among the famine-stricken, they cared for
orphans and widows, and they told the story of the
Cross ; in any community a preacher of such a
spirit would be heard with special interest, and
wo are not surprised that in twenty months he
baptized 441 converts.

He was beloved and almost worshipped through-
out the Karen jungles, and the English officials,
recognizing his extraordinary worth, sent him
money to sustain his schools and gifts to aid him
in his work, and cherished Ilim and his wife in
their hearts.

Dr. Vinton was mighty in prayer, firm in will
to do what was right, untiring in eifort, generous
to a fault, and wholly consecrated to God. In
Connecticut, whore he was peculiarly well known,
when a ditference existed between him and the
Missionary Union, the denomination sympathized
with tlie great missionary ; they knew his unsur-
passed worth, and no society could keep them from
contributing liberally to sustain this prince of
missionary preachers. He died in Burmah, March
31, 1858.

His noble wife, born in Union, Conn., April DJ,
1807, and converted at eighteen, liad the same mis-
sionary spirit that made her husl;and ready to sac-
rifice everything for the salvation of idolaters.
She told the women and children of Burmah about
the Saviour, and labored in tliis way for Christ
with glorious results, and after Dr. Vinton's death
the converts and cliurclies hearkened to her counsels
with a reverence almost unparalleled. She died in
Burmah, Dec. 18, 1804. ller daughter, Mrs. R. M.
Luther, is doing effective service for foreign mis-
sions in Pennsylvania, while Justus B. Vinton, D.D.,
hor son, is a wcu'thy successor of bis honored father
in extending the Redeemer's kingihim in Burmah.

-^^^^^t-o-

w.

Waldrop, Hev. A. J., was born Feb. 7, 1815, in
Christian Co., Ky. Came with his jiarents to Jef-
ferson Co., Ala., in 1818, and has continued there
to this date ; was baptized by Rev. Ilosca IIol-
combe in 1832 ; was ordained in 1842. lie has

been pastor at Ruhamot thirty-two years, at Spring-
ville twenty, and at (^'ahaba twenty-five years, —
three of our best country churches. He is one of
the most influential ministers in the State, and
a strong and gifted preacher. He held several

'•■\o'.\.A.vi.';i

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7

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WELLS

1345

WILLIAMS

jn'ominent civil positions. Ills son, Elisha Wal-

drop, is also :\ good iiiiiii.stor of Joxiis Clirist.

Wells, Rev. Richard, was born in lliehmond,
Va., Aug. ;i, IS'JT. lie united witli the elaireh in
]S1G| and coinnieneed to preach in 1851. He re-
mained a .slave until the close of the war. lie bc-
oanu! jiastor of a Bapti.st church in Manchester,
A'^a., in Augu.st, ISCi.'"). About TjIM) nuMuber.s were
added to this church during a pastorate of live
years. He took charge of the Ebene/.er Baptist
church, ]{ichniond, in ISTO. This church, under
his judicious leadership, lias reached a membership
of over 1500. For a while Mr. Wells was a stu-
dent of the Richmond Institute. He is a good
pastor, a hard student, an eloquent preacher, and a
wise and trusted leader.

Whiting-, Rev. Samuel M., Was born in Sutton,
Mass., Juni.' liO, 1825, graduated from Trinity Col-
lege, Hartford, in 184G, and from Newton Theologi-
cal Seminary in 1850. He was ordained May 8, 1850,
in the First ]5aptist church, Hartford, and was mar-
ried tlie next day to Miss Mary Elizabeth Flint, of
that city. In June following they sailed from
Boston for Assam, India, as missionaries of the
American Baptist Missionary Union, and arrived
at Gowahati, Assam, in April, 1851.

His missionary service in India covers a period
of a little over ten years, a decade rendered re-
markable in the history of our mission by the en-
largement of missionary operations and the tri-
umphs of tiie cross over the powers of heatiienism.
Mr. Whiting was qualified by natural endowments,
culture, learning, jdety, and zeal to enter into and
help forward this aggressive W(jrk. He translated
large portions of the Old Testament from Hebrew
into Assamese, a work which reflects great credit
upon his accurate scholarship. He was successful
as pastor and jireacher, as teacher and translator,
as editor and financier, proving himself equal to
all tliese high trusts. For four years he took charge
of the printing establishment, and for two years he
had the whole charge of the mission at Sibsagor.

He was greatly beloved by his missionary asso-
ciates and the native Christians, and trusted and
honored by the executive officers of the American
Baptist Missionary Union. lie did a great work
for Assam, and left behind him there a name and an
influence that will live in all coining time, lie re-
turned to this country in 18G1, and entered at once
into earnest work for the Master. For seven years
lie was the successful pastor of the church in Col-
chester, Vt. While there he performed a large
amiiunt of varied and useful work in the New
Hampton Institute at Fairfax, and in the various
religious organizations of the State. He was very
highly esteemed in ministerial circles beyond the
Baptist denomination, and was pronounced by the
best judges in Vermont the foremost Hebrew scholar

in the State. lie was as modest and unassuming as
he was profound in scholarship.

For four years he was pastor of the ancient and
venerable ciiurch in Windsor, Vt., from which
he was called to Fair Haven, Conn., where he
found the church without a house of worship.
While looking faithfully after the spiritual inter-
ests of the people, he KUcc(Mided in erecting their
jn'csent beautiful church cdilice on Grand Street.
The spiritual interests of the church were also
greatly built up under his ministry.

In the midst of these abundant labors his health
gave way, and he was forced to retire from the
active ministry of the Word. He removed to New
Haven, an invalid in steadily failing health, where
he died Feb. 21, 1878.

lie was a devoted Christian and a most faithful
minister. His memory is fragrant in the recol-
lection of thousands.

Wightman, Rev. Jesse, son of Rev. Timothy
Wightuian, of Groton, Conn., was ordained pastor
of the First ]5aptist church in West Springfield,
located at Agawam, Sept. 28, 1790. The church,
consisting of eleven members, was organized in
June of the same year. He held the pastoral office
up to the day of his death, which occurred Sept.
20, 1817, a period of!- twenty-seven years. He was
a man of great personal worth and distinguished
usefulness. The sweet savor of his name still
lingers (1844) among the descendants of his formei
charge.

Williams, William, D.D,, LL.D. For article
see page 12^4.

WILLIAM WILLIAMS, D.D., LL.D.

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WILLIAMS

1346

WILLIAMS

Williams, Rev. W.B., wusbomrrb. 12, lS43,in
Halifax C'(j.,.Vii. llu stiidiod tlicolo^y at tiio South-
ern Baptist 'J'licologiual .Soiiiliiaiy, and artci-uai'd.s at
Cruller, and is nuw (ino of tin; innst iisefnl pastors in
Virginia. As an evangelist and as an active worker
in enterprises of {^-eneral benevolence, lie is honored
far and wide. Full of wisdom, and firiiiry adherinf;
in practice as well as in theory to the doctrine of
tlie final perseverance of the saints, iMr. AVilliains
ins|)ires joy »nd hope in many hearts.

Williams, Rev. Wm, Harrison, is a native of
Richmond, Va. ^Vt an early age he made a profes-
sion of religion, and was baptized by Dr. 13. Manly,
Jr., and received into the First Baptist church of
Richmond, in March, 18,54. "While a student of
Richmond College he received, April 2.'), 1S5S, a
license to preacli the gosjiel. lie giadnated in July,
1861, with the degree of Master of Arts. With a
superior education, fine talents I'nr Imsiness, and
excellent opportnnitics fov engaging in s ■ciilar pur-
suits, he |iersisted in his purpose of prearhlng the
gospel. He entered the Southern Baptist Theolog-
ical Seminary at Greenville, S. C, in tlie begmning
of Septembei-, 18GI, and continued one session, the
course being interrupted by the civil war. During
the greater part of that conllict he served as an
army chaplain in the field, and as a chaplain of
Winder Hospital, Richmond, Va. He was ordained
to the ministry Dec. 13, 1S63.

1U:V. MM. lI,\lilUS(J.S' Wll.lIAMS.

i\Ir. Williams's first pastorate was of the Baptist
church at Fredericksburg, Va., beginning in July,
1805. Here he continued some fourteen months.

regathering the scattered members, reorganiiiing
the church, and rebuilding the house of worship.
"The labors of Mr. Williams in Fredericksburg
were elli(uent and successful."

Anxious to complete his interrupted theological
course, Mr. Williams resigned his charge at Fred-
ericksburg in September, 1806, and re-entered the
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. ]Ie con-
tinued his studies hero for two sessions, and in May,
1868, received his diploma as ''full graduate of the
seminary.''

In October, 1868, Mr. Williams accepted a call
to the pastorate of the First Ba]]tist church of
Charleston, S. C, and entered upon his duties as
pastor, but soon after, to the great regret of the
people, he removed from the city to secure a more
hopeful field.

III.' took charge of the Baptist church at Staunton,
Va., in September, 1809. During this pastorate of
less than two years the Sunday-school was trebled
in numbers, and there was a large increase in the
membership of the church. 'J'lie ])eriod was also
marked by tin; establishment of a 15a|itist Female
College under Prof. John Hart, one of Viiginia's
most distinguished educators. It was felt in Staun-
ton that a uiaster-hand had been at work in the
Baptist church, and that there was abundant cause
for gratitude to God for the labors of such a minis-
ter as their pastor.

In January, 1872, he became pastor of the Bap-
tist church at Tuscaloosa, Ala. Of his work in
Tuscaloosa, J. 11. Foster, D.l>., professor in the
University of Alaljanni, speaks as follows:

" His first sermon was received with universal
gratification. Its matter and nninner left no one
in doubt about the character of the pireaching we
were to expect, and it |iroved a fair sample of tluise
that were to follow. Some weeks al'terwards, an
old and devotedly pious deacon, of high intelli-
gence and rich exjierience, said, 'That preaching
will do good. It is full of the nnirrow of the gospel,
and has an unction from above. God will bless it.'
This utterance impresses me as a judicious and
triithful criticism, and subsequent developments
confirmed the inferences exfu'essed.

" Mr. ^Villiams was already a man of enlarged and
liberal culture. But fully appreciating the grow-
ing demands (jf our people fur careful pulpit jjrejia-
ration, he applii'd himself assiduously, not only to
such studies as might directly illuminate the themes
of his discourses, but also to those that miglit en-
large and intensify his coneoptinns of ihi' broad
and sure fonndiitions, and tin; systemalic super-
structure of the (."hristian system. Withal he gave
no little attention to curri'iit and standard litera-
ture. This varied study was all brought to bear
upon his chosen work; and he evinced a gradual
and steady growth, increasing breadth of thought,

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YARBROUGII

1347

YARBKOUGH

I

iind greater fertility iuiJ variety of illustration.
Ilia }mblic .services, therefore, tlirouj^liout his wliole
pastorate of nearly six years, j^rew more ami mcjr'e
attiaetive.

" 111 th(; doetriiies and practices tliat distinguish
IJaptists ho was orthodox, .outspoken, and firm,
without being olfensive to any wlio entertained
dill'ereiit views. He eherished and manifested a
conservative Cliristian spirit, u spirit of love to all
Christians, which endeared him to the pastors and
members of churches of other denominations, and
gave him iidlueuce with tiieni.

" His genial intercourse with tlie young of both
sexes won for him their conlideuce and esteem,
and greatly increased his jiower to do them good.
During a large proportion of his pastorate he
maintained, by the consent of all concerned, a vol-
untary connection with the Alabama Central Fe-
male College, as instructor in niental and moral
philosophy and English literature, that he might
tiie better exert a salutary inlluence over the pupils
of the school. The .Sunday-school children always
enjoyed his freipu^nt addresses to them. In the
seasons of revival, with which our eliurcli was
several times blessed, a very large proportion of
the additions made to our number was from the
ranks of the young.

" In all our Assooiational, district, and .Sunday-
school meeting.s the presence of IMr. ^\Mlliams was
hailed with joy, and the part he bore in important
discussions rn those bodies will be long and grate-
fully remembered. He rendered fre(|uent and clli-
cient aid to the pastors of neighboring churches in

their ])rotracted meetings, and in all this rogio|
his nuunory is still cherished as a faithful and de
vuti'd pastor, an liiimblo and consecrateil man ol
Cod, and an able minister of the New 'I'esta
nient."

In November, IS77, i^Ir. Williams took charge of
the iJaptist church at (Charlottesville, Va. This is '
r(;garded as a specially important post, because of
its immediate vicinity to the University of Virginia.
The pastorate continues at this date (February,
1.S.S2), and the writer, who has been a member of
his church during these past four years, arul en-
joyed intimiite personal relations with Mr. Wil-
liams, desires to repct^t for the Charlottesville pas-
t<jrate all the good words sai<l above by Dr. Foster
respecting' the Tuscaloosa pastorate. lie must add,
however, what \h\ Foster shouhl not iiavc omitted,
thatiMr. "WiHiauis's attainments and ellioiency have
been greatly eidianeed by the inlluenee of a noble
Christian wife. Dr. Jeter used to say that if he
could be a little boy again, he would like to have
!Mrs. "Williams for his mother.

It is tlie earnest and unanimous desire of its
members that Mr. "Williams should continue in
charge of our church iudelinitely, for liis pastorate
has been marke'd by a steady growth in the number
and piety of the membership, and by its increased
activity and liberality in all Christian benevolences.
It is not, however, merely in Charlottesville and
vicinity that bis inlluence is felt and his worth
appreciated. Throughout the State be is highly
esteemed as one of the ablest and best of the Vir-
ginia Baptist ministers.

Y.

Yarbroug-h, Rev. Thomas Scott, was born in
18li7 in Caswell Co., X. C. He -was baptized Oct.
20, 1846, by Rev. J. J. James, into the fellowship
of the Jlilton church, ;uid licensed to preach Nov.
J7, 1S49. Ordained to the ministry iit the Beulah
Association in Person Co., N. C, in August, 18.52.

lie died in November, 1 800, in Chatham Co.,
N. C. He was agent for some time of the North
Carolina Baptist State Convention, lie raised an

excellent seminary at Mount Vernon Springs, Chat-
ham Co., N. C.

He was a great mechanic. When fifteen ho made
a saw-mill witliout any instruction, which ran well
for many years. Few men did more good for eight
years than Mr. Yarbrough. His deiith was a pub-
lie calamity. His inlluenee will never die, and
thousands lor years to come will mourn his early
deijarture.

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^APPENDIX.

THE PHILADELPHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH.

I. Op THE Holy Scriptures.— 1. Tho Holy Scripture is I 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 ChronioU
the only sufficient, certain, anil infiilliblo rule of all-saving | Ezra, Neheiuiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecel

knowledge, faith, and
obedience; although
the light of nature,
and the works of crea-
tion and jirovideneo
do so far nianifest the
goodness, wisdom, and
j)0wcr of God as to
leave men uno.vcusa-
l)le ; yet are they not
sulheient to give that
knowledge of God and
his will which is neces-
sary unto salvation.
Therefore it iilcased
the Lord at sundry
times, and in divers
uuinncrs, tp reveal
liiuiself, and to declare
that his will unto his
church; and after-
ward, for the better
preserving and propa-
gating of the truth,
and for tlie more sure
establishment and

comfort of the churcli
against the corruption
of the ilesh, ami the
malice of Satan and of
the world, to commit
the same wholly unto
writing; which maketh
the Holy Scriptures to
•)e most necessary,
those foi-mer ways of
God's revealing his
will unto his people
being now ceased.

2. Uniler the name
of Holy Scripture, or
the Woril of titnl writ-
ten, arc nuw eonlainud
all tho books of the
Old and New Testa-
ment, which are these:

Of the Old Testament,— Genesis, Exodus, T,cvitieus,
Numbers, Dculoronomy, Joshua, Judges, Kuth, 1 .Samuel,

A

CONFESSION

F A Tt II,

Put forth by the

Elders -^w^. Brethren

Of many

Congregations
C H R I SI' I A N S

(Baptized upon Profefllon of their Faith)
In Londofi and the Country.

Adopted hy the Baptifl Association

Wif/g^ Philadelphia, Sept. 2 5. 1742.
The Sixth Editjom.

To which arc aJJcJ,

Two Articles viz. Of Impofition of Hands,
and Singing of Pl'alms in Publicic VVorfliip.

Also

, A Short Treatife of Church Difcipline.

iy:;h the Utu,t Mju U-luit:h unto Ri^btcoujr.efi, and with the

Mcu:h C'jnfrjfior. is m,:Jf unla Hal-vati'an, Rom. lo. 20.
Slunk thi Scri/Miita, John 5. 39.

Philadelphia : Printed by B. Franklin.

M,UCC,XLia.

FAC-SIMILE OF THE TITLE-PAGE OP THE rillLAUELl'UIA
CONFESSION OF FAITU, AOOI'TED BY THE I'lllLADIiU'IlIA
BAPTLST ASSOCIATION, SEl'TEBIUER 25, 1742, AND I'ltlNTED
I!Y llENJAMIN FU.\NKI,IN IN 17111.

siastes. The Song c
Songs, Isaiah, Jcr^
niiah. Lamentation
Ezckiel, Daniel, Hose.
Joel, Amos, Ubadial
Jonah, Micali.Naliun
llabakkuk, Zepliai
iah, Hiiggai, Zecho
riah, Malachi.

Of the New Testu
ment, Matthew, Marl)
Luke, John, The Act
of the Apostles, Paul'
Epistle to the Uomans
1 Corinthians, 2 Cor
intliians, Galatians
lijjhesians, Piiilippi
ans, Colossians, 1 Thes
salonians, 2 Thessalo
nians, 1 Timothy, 5
Timothy, lo Titus, t(
Philemon, the EpistU
to tho Hebrews, the
Epistle of James, the
lirst and second Epis-
tles of Peter, the lirst,
second, and third Epis-
tles of John, the Epis-
tle of Jude, tlie Reve-
lation. All which are
given by the in.spira-
tion of God to bo the
rule of faith and life.

3. Tho books com-
monly called Apoc-
rypha, not being of
divine ins]jiration, aro
no jiart of tliu canon
(or rule) of the Scrip-
ture, and therefore are
of no authority to the
church of God, nor to
be any otherwise ap-
proved, or umde use
of, than other human

writings.
■1. The authority of the Holy Scriptures, for which it
ought to bo believed, depcuJeth nut upoji the testimony of

i;i49

XI a ■'^■"^a:A

,!1T{/.^' iO AO]^^riY^''^ AlB^fJI^UAJiHq 3i.i

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1350

APPENDIX,

any iiiiin or church, hut wholly upon GoJ (who is Truth
1 itself), the author tliereuf; tliercfurc it is to bu reccivcLl,
because it is thu WonI uf (Jud.

5. AVo nniy bi; iri(iv u<l and iiiduocil by tlio testimony of tho
church of ijutl to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy
i?ori|)tiuus ; and the heavenlincsd of tho matter, the eOicacy
of tho doctrine, and tlie majesty of tlio style, tho consent
of all tlie jtarts, the si;o|)e of tho whole (which is to t^ive
all glory to (Jod), tlic full discovery il. makes of the ouly
way of man's s;ilv:itiun, iiiid many other inconi|)ar:ible ex-
cellencies, iind entire j>crfections thereof, are arguments
'whereby it dotli abundantly evident'O itself to bo the Word
of God; yet, notwithstanding our full persuasion, anit as-
surance of tho infallible trutli, iind ilivinu Liulhurity there-
of, is from tlie inward work of the Jluly ^Spirit, bearing
witness by and with the Word in our hearts.

C. The whole counsel of (Jod euncerning all things neces-
sary fur his own glory, man's salviition, faith and life, is
either expressly set down, or necessarily contained in tho
Holy Scripture; unto wlii(di nothing is at any tiuio to be
added, whether by new revelation of tlie Spirit or tradi-
tions of men.

Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumination
of the Spirit of (jod to be necessary for tliu saving under-
standing of such things as are revealed in tlie Word, and
that there are ^ome circumstances concerning the wu^^^hip
of God and government of the church coniinun to human
actions aiul societies, which are to be ordereil by the light
of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general

• rules of the Word, which are always t(j be observed.

7. All tilings in Scri])turc are not alike plain in them-
solves, nor alike clear unto all, yet those ihingrf which are
necessary to be known, believed, and ob^^erved for salva-
tion, ore so clearly pro]iounded and opened in some place
of Scripture or other, that not wnly the learned, but the un-
leaitied, in a due u.sc of ordinaiy means, may attain to a

■ sulhcieiit undei stauiling uf them.

8. Tlie Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native
langmige of the people of (iod nf old), and tho New Testa-
ment in Greek, which (at the time of writing it) was must
generally known to the-nations, being immediately inspired
by God, and, by iiis singular caro ami providence, kejit
pure in aH'ag^^t ^^'*^ therefore authentical ; §o as in all con-

* troversies of religion the churcli is linally to appeal unto
them. IJut because these original tongues are not known

■ to all tlicjjeople of (Jod who have a right unto, and interest

■' in, the Scriptures, and arc euinnianth-<l, in the fear of God,

to read and search them, therefore they arc to be tian.s-

' lated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which

■'1 they come, that the Word of Gt>d, dwelling plcutifttliy in

j all, they may worsiiip him in an acceptalde manner, ami,

through jiaticnce and eumf'urt of tlie Scrijitures, may

hojie.

y. Tlie infallible rulo of inter[)rctatlon of Scripture is the
Scripture ilscif: and therefore, when there is a tjueslii^n
about the Ijue and full sense of any Scripture (which
is not nmnifold, but one), it mu.-;t be searched by other
places that speak more clearly.

lU. The supreme judge by which all controversies of re-
ligion arc tu be dctci mined, and all decrees of councils,
opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private
spirits arc to bo examined, and in whose senteneo wo are
to rest, can be no other but the Holy Scripture delivered
by tho Spirit, into which Scripture, so delivered, our faith
1 is finally resolved.

II. Of God AND OPTiiK Hoi.yTuinity.— -1. The Lord our
God is but one only living ami true <«od ; whose subsistence
is in and of himself, infinite in being and perfection, whoso
essence cannot J,)o comprehended by any but himself; a
most pure Spirit, invisible, without body, parts, or passions,
who only hath immortality, dwelling in tho light which
no man can a])proach unto, who is immutal)lc, immense,
eternal, incomprehensible, almighty, ever^' way infiidtc,
most h()1y, niosl. wise, most free, most al)S(dute, working
all things according to tho eouTisel of his own immutable
and most righteous will, for his own glory, most loving,
gracious, merciful, long-sufiering, alunnliint in goixlness
and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin, tho
rewiudcr ot them that diligently seek him, and wilhal
most just, and terrible in his judgments, hating all sin,
and will by no means clear the guilty.

2, God having all life, glory, goodness, blessedness, in
and of himself, is alone in, iiml unto himself all-suihcient,
not standing in need of any creature which he hath made,
nnr deriving any glory from them, but only manifesting
his own gloiy in, by, unto, and upon them, he is the alone

. fountain of all being, of whom, ihrough whom, and to
wimm arc all things, and he hath most sovereign domin-
ion over all creatures, to do by them, for them, or upon
tliein, whatsoever liimself pieaseth; in his sight all things
arc o]icn and nianit'est. his knowledge is infinite, infallible,
and independent upon the creature, so as nothing is to
him contingent or uncertain ; he is most holy in all his
counsels, in all his works, and in all bis commands; to him
is due from angels ami men whatsoever worship, service,
or obedience, a^ creatures they owe unto the Creator, and
wliatcver he is further pleased to require of them.

3. In this Divine and Infinite licing there are three sub-
sistences, the Father, the Word (or Son J, and Holy Spirit,
of one substance, jiower, and eternity, each having the
whole divine cs.^ence, yet the essence undivided; the Father
is of none neither begotten, nor proceeding; the Son is
cterniilly hegntten of the J-'ather; the Holy Spirit proceed-
ing from the Father and the Son, all infinite, without be-
ginning, therefore but one (Jod, who i.s not to be divided
in nature and being, but distinguished by several jieculiar
relative properties and personal relations; which doctrine
of the Trinity is the foundation of all our communion with
God, and our comfortable dependence on him.

III. Of Gon's LJkcukic; — I. God hath decreed in himself
from all eternity, by the most wise and holy counsel of his
own will, freely and unchangeably, all tilings whatsoever
comes to pass; yet so as thereby is God ncilher the author
of sin, nor hath fellowship with any therein, nor is vio-
lence otlered to the will of the creature, nor yet is tlie liberty
or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather
c.'-tablished, in which appears his wisilom in disposing all
things, and power and faithfulness in accomplishing his
decree.

2. Although God knowcth whatsoever may orcan come to
pass upon all supposed conditions, yet hath ho not decreed
anything because ho foresaw it as future, or as that which
would come to pass upon such conditions.

3. IJy the decree of God, for tlie manifestation of his
glory, Bouic nan ami angels arc jnede:,tinated or foreor-
dained to eternal life, through Jesus (-hrist, to the jiraisc
of his glorious grace; otiiers being left to act in their sin
to their just condemnation, to the praise of his glorious
ju^ticc.

■1. These angels and men thus predestinated and foreoi^-

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TIIK PHILADELPIHA CONFESSION OF FAITH.

1351

iliiinod aio imiticulurly iiinl iMulmnf;uably ik'signed ; nnd

thfii- iiunjlnir so uorliiin and dclinilf, llmt it i; lot Ijo

cillmr inoi'ua.sud or diniiiiislicd.

;■). TIi(isu(jC iiiaiikiiid lliat aiu |iicdestiiiati'd lo lilV, liod,
bufciro thu ruiindatiun ol' tlic wojld was laid, acuording to
his eternal and iniuiutaljle iiiii|iosu, and tlio sei'iet fiinnsel
and f,'uud iilcasnro of liis will, lialli lIh.soii in (.'luist niito
oviu-la.stiMf,' ;;loi;v, out of lii.4 niolo fn>u '^mvv and lovu ;
williont any olhcr lliini; in (he cicat.iiru as a i-ondilion or
cause iiiov iri^' liija therennld.

tl. As (iod liatli appointed the elect unto glory, so he hatli
by the eternal and most free iiurpose of his will foreor-
dained all the means thereunto, wherefore tliey who are
elected, beins,' fallen in Adam, are redeenieil by Christ, arc
eliectually called unto faith in Christ, by his tSpirit work-
ing in due season, are justified, adopted, sanctified, and
ke]it by his power through faith unto salvation; neither
are any other redeemed by Christ, or eliectually called,
justified, adopted, sanctilie.l,.aiid .saved, but the elect only.
7. The doctrine of this higli mystery of predestination is
to bo handled with sjiecial prudence and care; that men at-
tending the will of God revealed in his ^^'ord, and yielding
obedienec thereunto, may, from the certainty of their ef-
fectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election; so
shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence, and
admiration of (iod, and of humility, diligence, and abun-
dant consolation to all that sincerely obey tlio gosjiel.

IV. Of CUKATION,— l.In the beginning it pleased God
the Father, Son, ami Holy Spirit, for the manifestation of
tlie glory of his eternal ).uwcr, wi.-dom, and goo.lness. to
create or make the world, and all tilings therein, whether-
visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very
good.

2. After God had niado all other creatures he created
man, male aijd female, with reasonable and immortal souls,
rendering them lit unto that life to God for which they
were created, being made after the image of God, in
knowledge, righteousness, ami true holiness; having the
law of God written in their hearts, and jiower to fullill it;
and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to
the liberty of their own will, which was subject to change.
.S. IJesides the law iviitlen in tli.ir liearts, they received
a command not to cat of the tree of knowledge .if good and
evil; which, whilst they kept, they were happy in their
communion with Goil, and had dominion over the creatures.
V. Gi' DiviNK I'HoviiiENcK.— 1. Goil, tho good crcator
of all things, ill his infinite power and wisdom, doth ujiliold,
direc't, ilispose, and govern all creatures and things, from
the greatest even to the least, by liis most wise and holy
providence, to I he end for which they were created, ac-
cording unto his infallible foreknowledge, and the free
uiid imnuitable counsel of his own will, to the prai.se of the
glory of his wi.sdom, power, justice, inlinito goodness, and
mercy.

2. Althongli in relation t.. the foreknowledge and decree
of God, the first cause, all things come to pas.s immutably
and infallibly; so that there is not anything befalls any
by chance, or without hi.s providence; yet, by the same
provi.lence, he ordereth them to fall out according to tho
nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or con-
tingently.

'i. God in Ilia ordinary providence inakclh ii,-e of means ;
yet ia free to work without, above, and against them, at
his pleasure.

4. The almighty jiower, unsearchable wisdom, and infi-

nite goodness of God so farniaiiilVsl themselves in hisjirovi-
doneo, that his delei iiiiiiate counsel exteiiileth itself even
lo the first fall, and nil oilier sinful nclions bolh of angels
and men (and (hat not by a bare purmissioii), which also
he most wisely ami powerfully b.uimleth, and olherwiso
ordereth and governeth in a manifold dispeii.satiun, to his
rmist holy ends; yet s.i as I he sinfulness of their acts pro-
ccedclh only from the erciiliires, and not from God, who,
being most holy and righteous, ncilher is nor can be thu
author or iip|ir(iver of .-in.

5. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God d.<th often-
times leave for a season his own children lo manifold
temptations and the corruptions of their own hearts, to
clnistise them for their former sins or to .liscover unto them
tho liiddenstrengtliof eorrnjition and dcceitfulness of their

litarts, that they y be humbled, and to raise them to a

more close and consiant dependence for their suiiport ujion
liiinsclf, and to im.ke them more watchful against all
future occasions of sin, and for other just and holy ends.

So that whatsoever befalls any of his elect is by his aji-
pointnient, for his glory, and their good.

6. As for those wicked and ungodly men, whom God ns
a righteous judge, for former sin, doth blind and harden ;
from them he not only withholdetli his grace, whereby
they might liii\c been enlightened in their understanding
and wrmigbt iip.in in their licarls, but sometimes also
withdraweth the gifts which they bad, and e.vposeth thiin
to such objects as their corruptions make occasion of sin;
and withal gives them over to their own lusts iin<l lcmi)ta-
tions of tlic world, and the power of Satan, wliereby it
comes to pass that they harden themselves, even under
those means which (iod usetli for the softening of others.

7. As the providence of God doth in general reacli to all
creatures, so, after a more sjiecial manner, it t.iketh cure
of his church, and disposeth of all things to the good
thereof..

VI. Op the F.m.i, or Man, Sin, anh thk Punishment
TiiKiiKOF.— 1. Although God created man upright and per-
fect, and gave him a rigliteons law which had been unto
life, hail he kept it, anil threatened death upon the breach
thereof; yet he did not long abide in this honor. Satan,
using tlie siibtility id' the seipiMit to seduce V.vc, then by
her seducing Adam, who, without any compulsion, did
willfully transgress the law of their Creation and the com-
mand given unto them in eating the forbidden fruit ; which
God was plea.sed according to his wi-e and holy I'ounsel to
[■erniil, having purposed to onler it to his own glory.

2. Our lii>( pan Ills; by this .mil fell from their original
righteousness and coimiiuiiioii with Hod. and we in them,
whereby death eaiiie upon all; all becoming dead in sin
and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul an. I
body.

.'i. They being the root, and, by God's appointment,
standing in the room and stead of all mankind; the guilt
of the sin was im|iutcd, and corrupted nature eonveyeil lo
all their (losterity, descending from them bv ordinary "en-
eration, being now conceived in sin, and by nature children
of wr;ith, the sen.ints of sin, the -iibjcds of ilciilh, and all
oilier miseries, spiiiimil, tcuipural, nnd ctcrmil, unless the
Lord .Jesus set them free.

i. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly
indisjiosed, disabled, and made oj.posite to all goo.l, and
wholly inclined to all evil, do juocccd all actual trans-
gressions.

b. This corruption of nature, during this life, doth re-

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1352

APPENDIX.

main in those that arc regenerated ; anJ, although it be
through Christ pardoned and niorlificd, yet huth itself and
the lirst inolions thereof are truly and ])rojiorly sin.

VII. Of (ion's Covknant. — 1. Thodislanco between (iod
and the creature is so great, that although reasonable crea-
tures do owe obedience unto him as their Creator, yet they
could never have attained tlie reward of life but by some
voUinlury condescension on God's part, wliiclf he liatli
boon pleased to express by way of covenant.

2. iMoreuver, man having brought liimself under the curse
of tlie law by his fall, it iilcased the Lord to make a cove-
nant of grace, wherein he freely ulVcrolh unln sinoers life
and salvation by Jesus Cbri.-t, requiring id' thcui faith in
hiui, that they might be saved; and promising to give
unto all those that arc ordained unto eternal life his holy
Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe.

3. This coveiumt is revealed in the goS]iel, lirst of all to
Adam in thejirumise of salvation by the seed of the wonnin,
and afterwards by farther steps, until the full discovery
thereof was completed in the New Testament ; and it is
founiled in that eternal covenant transaelion that was be-
tween the Father and the Son about the redemjptiou of the
elect; and it is alone by the grace of tliis covenant that all
of the posterity of fallen Adam, that ever were saved, did
obtain life and blessed immortality; man being now ut-
terly incapable of acceptance with (Iod upon those terms
on which Adam stood in his state of iniioeeney.

VIII. Ok CiiRis^' THi: Medi.vtor. — 1. It ]deaBcd God, in
his eternal purpose, to eiioosc and ordain the Lord Jesus,
his only and begotten Sun, according to the covenant made
between them both, to be the Mediator between God and
man ; the prophet, ijriest, and king ; head and Saviour of
his church, the heir of all things, and judge of the world;
unto whum he did from all eternity give a ]ieople to be his
seed, and to be by him in-time redeemed, called, justified,
sanctified, and gloritied.

2. The Son of God, the second ]i8rson in the Holy Trinity,
being very and eternal God, the brightness of the Father's
glory, of one substance, and equal with him; who made
the world, wlio upholdeth and governetli all things he liath
made; did, when the fullness of time was come, lake upon
him man's nature, with all the essential jjroperties and
common infirmities thereof, yet without sin; being con-
ceived by the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary,
the Holy Spirit coming down upon her, and the power of
the Most High overshadowing her, and so was made of a
woman, of the tribe of Judah, of the seed of Abraham and
David, according to the Seri])lures : so that two whole, jier-
fect, and distinct natures were inseparably joined together
in one person, without convcr.-ion, composition, or con-
fusion; which person is very God and very man, yet one
Christ, the only Mediator between God and man.

3. The Lord Jesus in his human nature thus united to the
divine, in the person of the Son, wassanctilied and anointed
with the Holy Spirit above measure ; having in him all the
treasures of wisdom and knowledge; in whom it pleased
the Father that all fullness ahoujd dwell; to the end that,
being holy, harmles.^, umlcfilcd, and full of grace and truth,
ho might be thoroughly funiislud to execute the oflice of a.
Mediator and Surety; which olUce he took not upon him-
self, but was thereunto called by his Father; who also put
all jiower and judgment in liis liand, and gave him coiii-
mandment to execute the same.

4. This oflice the Lord Jesus did most willingly under-
take, whieli that lie might discharge, he was made under the

law, and did perfectly fulfill it, and underwent the punish-
ment due to us, which we should have borne and sulTered,
being made sin and a eursofor us; enduring most grievous
sorrows in his soul and must jiainful sufferings in his body; .
was crueified and died, and remained in the state of tho
dead, yet saw no corruption ; on tho third day he arose
from the dead, with the same body in which he suffered,
with uhich ho also ascended into hem'en ; and there sitteth
on the right hand of his Father making intercession; and
shall return to judge men and angels at the end of llic
world.

5. The Lord Jesus, by his perfect obedience and sacrifice
of himself, which lie through tho eternal Spirit once oflereJ
up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of God, pro-
cured reconciliation, and purchased an everlasting inherit-
ance in the kingdom of heaven for all those whom the
Father hath given, unto liim.

6. Although the price of redemption was not actually
paid by Christ till after liis incarnation, yet the virtue, efli-
eacy, and benefit thereof was comnumieated to the elect in
all ages successively from the begiuniug of the world, in and
by tliose promises, tyjies, and sacrifices wherein he was re-
vealed and signified to be the seed of the woman which
should bruise the torpent's head ; and the Lamb slain from
the foundation of the world, being the same yesterday, and
to-day, and forever.

7. Christ, ill the work of mediation, actcth according to
both natures, by each nature doing that which is pro)ier to
itself; yet, by reason of the unity of the person, tliat which
is pro]>er to one nature is sometimes in Scrijituro attributed
to the person denominated by the otlier nature.

8. To all those for wliom Christ hath obtained eternal re-
demption he doth certainly and effectually ap])ly and com-
municate the same ; making intercession for them ; uniting
them to himself by his Spirit ; revealing unto them, in and
by the Word, the mystery of salvation: persuading them to
believe and obey; governing their hearts by his Word and
Spirit, and overeoming all their enemies by his Almighty
power and wisdom, in such manner and ways as are most
consonant to his wonderful and unsearchable dispensation ;
and all of free and absolute grace, without any condition
foreseen in them to procure it.

9. This office of Mediator between (iod and man is proper
only to Christ, who is the iiroiihet, luiest, and king of the
Church of God; and may nut be either in whole,' or any
part thereof, transferred from him to any other.

10. This number and order of offices is necessary ; for, in
respect of our ignorance, we stand in need of his propheti-
cal office; and, in respect of our alienation from God and
imperfection of the best of our services, wc need his
priestly olfice to reconcile us and present us accept-able unto
God ; and, in respect of our averseiiess and utter inability
to return to God, and for our rescue and security from our
spiritual adversaries, we need his kingly oflice to convince,
suljdue, draw, uphold, deliver, and preserve us to his
heavenly kingdom. •

IX. Of FiiKK WiI.I.. — 1. God has indued the will of man
with that natural liberty and po«er of aiting upon choice,
that it is neither fmced nor, Ijy any necessity of nature,
determined to do good or e\ il.

2. Man, in his state of innoeency, had freedom and power
to will and to do that which was good and well jiloasing to
God ; but yet was mutable, so that ho might tall from it.

.'j. Man, by his fall into a stateof sin, hath wholly lost all
ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying saha-

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THE PHILADELPHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH.

135:5

tion J so as a nuturiil man, Ijuing altuyetlior avorso from
that good aiidduaj in 8in, is iiol able, by his own strength,
to convert himself or to ]ire|iare himself thereunto.

4. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into
the state of grace, lio frceth him from his natural bondage
under sin, and, by his grace alone, enables him freely to
will anil do that which is S|iiritually good; yet so as
that, by reason of his rcniainiiif^ corfiiplions, bo doth not
|>crl'oi'tly nor only will that which is good, but doth also
will that wliicli is evil.

5. The will of man is made perfectly and iuiuiutably free
to good alone in the state of glory only.

X. Of Efpkc'TU.\l Calling. — 1. Tliose whom Uod had
predestinated unto life, he is pleased, in his aiijiointed and
accepted time, cft'cctually to call by his Word and Spirit out
of that state of sin and death in which they arc by nature
to grace of salvation by Je.sus I'lirist; epiigbtcning their
minds spiritually and savingly to undcrstund the things
of tied; taking away their heart of stone and giving unto
them an heart of llcsh ; renewing their wills, and, by his
almighty power, determining them to that which is good,
and effectually drawing thcjn to Jesus Christ; yet so as
they come most freely, being made willing by his grace.

'1. This effectual call is of Uod's free and special grace
alone, nut hum anything at all furcseen in man, ncir fmni
any power or agency in the cjcatuie co-working with his
special grace; the creature being wholly passive therein,
being dead in sins ami trespasses, until, being quickened
and renewed by the Jloly Spirit, he is thereby enabled to
answer this call, and to cinbraco the gr.ace offered and con-
veyed in it, and that by no loss power than that which
raised up Christ from the dead.

;i. Elect inl';ints, dying in infancy, are regenerated and

saved by Christ through the Spirit, who workelh when,

and where, and how he pleaseth ; so also are all other elect

jicrsons who are incapable of being outwardly called by the

' ministry of the Word.

4. Others not elected, although tliey may be called by tho
ministry of the AVord, and'may have some common opera-
tions of the S]iiril, yet, not being cll'ectually drawn by the
Father, they neither will nor can truly come to Christ,
and therefore cannot be saveil ; much less can men that
receive not the Christian religion be saved, be they never
so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of
nature and the law of that religion they do profess.

X[. Oi- .liiSTii'ie.nni.N.— 1. Those whom Cod elfeetually
callcth ho also freely justilieth, nut by infusing righteous-
ness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by account-
ing and accepting their persons as righteous; jmt for anv-
thing wrought ill them or done by them, but for Christ's sake
alone; not by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or
any other evangelical obedience to tliem, as their right-
eousness, but by imputing Christ's active obedience unto
the whole law, and ]iassivo obedience in his death, for llieir
whole and sole righteousness; they receiving and resting on
him and his rightcousikess by faith, which tliey have not of
tliemsclves : it is the gift of (!od.

2. Faith thus receiving and resting on Christ and his
righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification ; yet
it is not alone in the person justified, but is ever aecoin-

^ panied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith,
but workelh by love.

3. Christ, by his obedience and death, did fully discharge

the debt of all those that are justified; and ilid, by tho

sacrifice of himself, in tho blood of his cross, underL'oini?
86 I h- h

in their stead the penalty duo unto tliein, make a proper,
real, and full satisfaction to God's justice in their bciialf;
yet, inasmuch as he was given by the Father fur them,
and his obedience and satisfaction accepted in tlieir stead,
and both freely, not for anything in them, their justilica-
lion is only of free grace, that both tho e.vact justice and
rich grace of God might bo glorified in tho justification of
sinners.

4. God did, from all eternity, decree to justify all the elect,
and Christ did, in the fullness of time, die for their sins,
and rise again for their justification; nevertheless, they
are not justified personally until the Holy Spirit cloth, in
due time, actually apply Christ unto them.

5. God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are
justified; and, although they can never fall from tiie
state of justification, yet they may, by their sins, fall
under God's fatlierly illspleasuro; ami, in that condition,
they have not usually tho light of his countenance restored
unto them until they humble themselves, confess their
sins, bog pardon, and renew their faith and repentance.

B. The justification of believers under the Old Testament
was, in all these respects, one and the same with the jus-
tification of believers under the New Testament.

Xir. Of Adoi'TION. — 1. All those that are justified, God
voui-hsafcd, in and for the sake of his only Son, Jesus
Christ, to make partakers of the grace of adoption, by
which they are taken into tho number, and enjoy the lib-
erties and privileges, of children of God; have his name
put upon them; receive the spirit of adoption; have ac-
cess to the throne of grace with boldness; are enabled to
cry Abba, Father; are pitied, protected, provided for, and
chastened by him as a father ; yet never cast oil', but sealed
to the day of redemption, and inherit the promises as heirs
of everlasting salvation.

XUr. Of Sanctificatio.v. — 1. They who are united to
Christ, effectually called, and regenerated, having a new
heart and a new s])iiit created in them, through tho virtue
of Christ's death and resurrection, are also further sanctified,
really and personally, through the same virtue, by his Word
and Spirit dwelling in tlicm. The dominion of the whole
body of sin is destroyed, and the several lusts thereof are
more and more weakened and mortified ; and they more and
more quickened and strengthened in all saving graces, to
tho practice of all true holiness, witliout which no man
shall see tho Lord.

2. This sanctification is throughout, in the whole man,
yet imjierfect in this life; there a.bidutli still some remnants
of corruption in every jiart, whence ariseth a continual
and irreconcilable war: the fiesh lusting against the spirit
and the sjiirit against the flesh.

'i. Jn which war, although the remaining corru|ition for
a time may much prevail, yet, through the continual sup-
ply of strength from tho sanctifying Spirit of Christ, the
regenerate part doth overcome; and so the saints grow in
grace, perfecting holiness in tho fear of God, pressing after
an heavenly life in evangelical obedience to all the com-
mands which Christ, as Head and King, in his Word hath ■
|irescribed to them.

XIV. OFSAVi.Nii 1''aitii.— 1. Thogrucoof faith, whereby
the elect are enabled to believe to the saving of their souls,
is the work of tho .Spirit of Christ in their hearts, and is or-
dinarily wrought by the ministry of the Word, by which
also, and by the administration of baptism, and tho
Lord's Supper, (.raycr, and other means ajipointed of God
it is increased and strengthened. '

i;(.

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.l.unji!|j.iliiii- i)uu b._ il;.:ii -- a" ' .-- »' "^ »"^'' ' ' ' ' '" ""

1354

APPENDIX.

2. By this faith, a Christian believeth tu be true whatso-
ever irf revealed in the Word for the authority of God him-
self; and also ap))rehendetli an excellency therein above
all other writings and all tiiinj;s in the world, as it bears
forth tho glory of (lod in liis attributes, the excellency of
Christ in Ins iiuturo and ollicos, and tho power and fullness
of tho Holy Spirit in his workings anci opcriitiona; and so
is CMuhlcd to o.i^L his soul upon tho truth'tlius bolievecl,
and also acteth diflurcntly upon tluit which each particu-
lar passage thereof containeth; yielding obedience to the
commands, trembling at the threatenings, and embracing
the promises of God for this life and that which is to come ;
but the principni acts of saving faith hath immediate rela-
tion to Christ, accepting, receiving, and resting upon him
alone for juetification, sanctification, and eternal life, by
virtue of the covenant of grace.

3, This faith, although it be dilVerent in degrees, and may
be weak or strong, yet it is in the least degree of it ditfer-
ent in the kind or nature of it (iis is all other saving grace)
from the fiiitli an<l common grace of temporary believers;
and therefore, though it iiuiy be many times assailed and
weakened, yet it gets tUe victory, growing up in many to
tho attainment of a full assurance through Christ, who is
both the author and finisher of our faith.

XV. Op Repentance unto Like and Salvation.— 1.
Such of the elect as are converteil at riper years, having
sometimes lived in the statu of nature, and therein served
divers lusts and pleasures, God, in their etTectual calling,
giveth them repentance unto life.

2. Whereas there is none tiiatdoeth good and sinneth not,
and the best of men may, through the power and deceitful-
ness of their corruption dwelling in thcin, with the preva-
lency of tcmptntion, fall into greater sins and provocations,
Goil hath, in the covenant of grace, mercifully provided
that believers so sinning and falling be renewed tlirough
repentance unto salvation.

3. J'his saving repcntani.'e is an evangelical grace, wdierc-
by n person, being by the iluly Spirit nuide sensible of tho
manifold evils of his tijn, duth, by faith in Christ, humble
himself for it with godly sorrow, detestation of it, and sclf-
abhorrency, Jtraying fur pardon and strength of grace, with
a purjiose and endeavor, by supplies of the Spirit, to walk
before God unto all woll-pleasing in all things.

4. As repentance is tu be continued through the whole
course of our lives, upon tho account of t!ie body of death
and tho motions thereof, so it is every man's duty to re-
pent of his particular known sins, particularly.

5. Such is the provision which God hath made, through
Christ in tho eoveuiint of grace, for the preservation of be-
lievers unto salvation, tha't, although there is no sin so
small but it deserves damnation, yet there is no sin so great
that it shall bring damnation on them that repent ; which
nnikes the constant preaching of repentance necessary.

XVI. Oi-' Good Wouks. — 1. Good works arc only such aa
God hath commnndcd in his Holy Word, and not such as,
without the warrant thereof, are devised by men uut of
blind zeal or upon any pretense of good intentions.

2. These good works, done in obedience to God's com-
uiandinents, are i\\n fruits and evidences of a true and lively
faith ; and by them believers manifest their thankfulness,
fitrengtlien their assurance, eilify their brethren, adorn the
profession of the gospel, stop tho ni()Uths of the adversa-
ries, and glorify God, whosu workmiinship they are, created
in Christ Jesus thereunto, that, having their fruit unto
holiness, they uiay have the end, eternal life.

3. Their ability to do good works is not at all of themselves,
but wliolly from the Spirit of Christ ; and that they may be
enabled thereunto, besides the graces they have already re-
ceived, there is necessary an actual influence of the same
Holy Spirit to work in them to will and to do of his good
]»lcasurej yet are theyiiot hcreujton to grow negligent, as
if they were not bound to perform any duty, unless upon
a spet;ial motion of the Spirit, but they ought to be diligent
in stirring up tiio grace of God that is in them.

4. They who in their obedience attain to tho greatest
height which is possible in this life, are so far from being
able to supererogate and to do more than God requires, as
that they fall short of much which, in duty, they are
bound to do.

5. Wo cannot, by our best worlts, merit pardon of sin or
eternal life at the hand of God, by reason of the great
disproportion th:tt is between them and the glory to come,
and the inlinite distance that is between us and God, whom
by tliem we can never prolit nor satisfy fur the debt of oui-
former sins; but when we have done all we can, we have
done but our duty and are unprofitable servants; and he-
causo, as they are good, they ju'occed from his Sjdrit, and,
as they are wrought by us, they are defiled and mixed with
so much weakness and imperfection, that they cannot en-
dure the severity of God's judgment.

6. Yet notwithstanding the persons of believers being
accepted through Christ, tiieirgood works also are accepted
in him, not as though they were in this life wholly un-
blamable and unrepiovable in God*s sight, but that he,
h»oking upon them in liis Sun, is pleased to accejit and re-
ward that wliich is sincere, although accompanied with
many weaknesses and imjicrfections.

7. Works done by unregenerate men, although for the
matter of thein they may be things which God commands,
and of good use both to themselves and others ; yet, because
they proceed not from a heart jiurilied by faith, nor are
done in a right manner according to the Word, nor to a
right end, the glory of God, they are sinful and cannot
please God, nor make a man meet to receive grace from
God ; and yet«tlieir neglect of them is more sinful and dis-
])leasing to God.

XVII. Oetiie pEiiSKVEUANCE ok inKSAiNTs, — 1. Those
whom God hath accepted in the lielovcd, effectually called
and sanctified by his Spirit, and given the precious faith of
his elect unto, can neither totally nor finally fjill from tho
state of grace, but shall certainly jtcrsev ere therein to the end
and be eternally saved, seeing the gifts and callings of God
are without repentance (whence he ttill begets and nour-
isheth in them faith, rej>entance, love, joy. hope, and all
the graces of the Spirit to immortality), and, though many
storms and floods arise and beat against them, yet they
shall never be able to take them ofl' that foundation and
rock which by faith they are fastened npun ; notwith-
standing, through unbelief and the temptations of Satan,
the sensible sight of the light and love of God may, for a
time, be clouded and ubscured from'them, yet it is still the
same, and they shall he sure tu be kept by the power of
Goii unto salvation, where they shall enjoy their purchased
possession, they being eiigrave>i upnn the palm of his
hands, and their names having been written in the book
of Life from all eternity.

2. This perseverance of the saints ilepends not upon their
own free will, but ujion the immutability of the decree of
election, (hiwing from the free and unehaiigeubtc hn-o of
God, the Father, U]»on the tflicacy of the merit and in-

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THE riHLADELVHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH.

1355

teiccssiun of Jesus Christ ami uiiiun nitlj liiin, tho oatli of
<iod, tliQ abiding of liis Spirit, iimi the seed of Gud within
theui, and tho nutiire of tlie eovenant of grace; from all
which ariseth also tho certainty and infallihility thereof.

3. And thougli tliey may, tlirougli tlie teuiplation of Satan
and of tlie world, tho pi'evaleney of eorruptiun remaining
in thoui, and tho neglect of means of their preservation,
fall into gr-io\'oiis sins, and for a tinio l;oiilinuo therein,
^vherehy tlioy incur (Jod's displeasure and grieve his Holy
Spirit, como to have their graces and couif(U'ts impaired,
'have their licarts hardened and their conseienees wounded,
hurt and scandalize others, and hring temporal judgments
upon themselves, yet they shall renew their repentance
and he preserved, through faith in Christ Jesus, to tho end.

XVIII. Of TIIK A.SSUltANCE Of CiUACK AjND SaLVATIO.V.

— 1. .\lthougli temporary believers and other unregenorato
n)eu may vainly deceive themselves with false hopes and
carnal presumptions of being in tho favor of Cod and state
of salvation, which ho]ie of theirs shall [lerish ; yet such as
truly believe in the Lord Jesus, and love him in sincerity,
endeavoring to walk in all good conscience before him,
may, in this life, be certainly assured that the}' are in the
state of grace, and may rejoice in the ho[ie of the glory of
God, which hope shall never make them ashamed.

2. This certainly is not a bare conjectural and probable
persuasion, grounded upon a fallible hope, hut an infal-
lible assurance of faith, founded on the blood anil right-
eousness of Christ, rcvcaleil in tho gospel ; and also uiion
the inward evidence of those graces of the Spirit unto
which promises are made, and on the testimony of tho Sijirit
of adoption, witnessing with our spiiits that we are the
children of God, and, as a fruit thereof, keeping tho heart
both humble and holy.

3. This infallible assurance dotli not so belong to the es-
sence of faith but thjit a true believer may wait long, and
oonliict with many difficulties, before he bo partaker of itj
yet being enabled by the Spirit to know the things which
are freely given him of God, he may, without extraonli-
nary revelation, in the right use of means, attain there-

■ unto; and therefore it is the duty of every one to give all
diligence to make their calling and cleetion sure, that
thereby his heart may be enlarged in peace and joy in the
Holy Spirit, in love and thankfulness to God, and in
strength and cheerfulness in the duties of obedience, the
proper fruits of this assurance: so far is it frtjin inclining
men to looseness.

■i. True believers may have the assurance of their salva-
tion divers waj's shaken, diminished, and intermitted ; as
by negligence in preserving of it, by falling into some
special sin, which woundeth the conscience and gricveth
the S])iril ; by some sudden or vehement temptation; by
God's withdrawing the light of his countenance and suflcr-
ing even such as fear him to walk in darkness and to have
no light ; yet are they never destituto of the seed of God
and life of faith, that love of Christ and the brethren, that
sincerity of heart, and eonseiemte of duty, out of which, by
the operation of tho Spirit, this assurance nniy in due
time be revived, and by the which, in tho mean time, they
are preserved from utter despair.

XIX. Ov THK Law op (Jon. — 1. God gave to Adinu a law
of universal obedience written in his heart, and a particular
precept of not eating the fruit of tho tree of knowledge of
gor)d anrl evil ; by whiiAi he bound him and all his posterity
to personal, entii'e, exai-t, and pcipetual obedience, })romised
life u]ion the fullilliug, and threatened death upon the

breach of it, and indued him with power and ability to
keep it.

2. The same law that was first written in tho heart of man
continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness after tho
fall, and ilelivered by God upon Mount Sinai, in ten com-
mandments, and written in two tables, the four first con-
taining our duty towards God, and the other six our duty
to uuin.

3. llesides this law, commonly called m^iral, Go.l was
]ileased to give to the poo|ile of Israel cerenumial laws, con-
taining several typical ordinances, partly of worship, pre-
figuring Christ, his graces, actions, sufl'erings, and benefits,
and partly holding forth divers instructions of moral duties,
all which ceremonial laws, being appointed only to the
time of reformation, are by Jesus Christ, the truo iMessiah
and only Lawgiver, who was furnished with power from
the Father for that end, abrogated and taken away.

4. To them also he gave sundry judicial laws, which ex-
pired together with the state of that people, not obliging
any now by virtueof that in^titution, — their general equity
only being of moral use.

5. The moral law doth forever bind all, as well justified
persons as others, to the obedience thereof, and that not
only in reganl to tho matter contained in it, but also in
respect of the autliority of God, the Creator, who gave it;
neither doth Christ in the gospel any way dissolve, but
much strengthen this obligation.

ti. Although true believers be not under tho law, aa a
covenant of works, to be thereby justified or condemned,
yet it is of great use to them, as well as to others, in that, as
a rnlo of life, informing them of the will of God and their
duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly; dis-
covering also the sinful pollutions of their natures, hearts,
and lives, so as, examining themselves thereby, they may
come to further conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred
against sin, together with a clearer sight of the need they
have of Christ and the perfection of his obedience : it is
likewise of use to the rcgeucratc to restrain their corrup-
tions, in that it foibids sin, and the threatenings of it
serve to show what even their sins deserve, and what afflic-
tions in this life they may expect for them, although freed
from the curse and unallayed rigor thereof. These ]Uom-
isosof it likewise show that God's approbation of obedience,
and what blessings they may expect upon tho performance
thereof, though not as due to them by tho law as a eove-
nant of works; so as nuin's doing good and refraining
from evil, because the law encourageth to the one, and de-
terreth from the other, is no evidence of his being under tho
law and not under grace.

7. Neither are the forementioned uses of the law contrary
to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly comply with it,
the Spirit of Christ subduing and enabling the will of man
to do thai freely and cheerfully, which the will of God, re-
vealed in the law, requirelh to bo done.

XX. Of TIIK Gospel and the Extent of the Guacf.
TiiiiUEOF. — 1. Tho covenant of works being broken by sin,
and nuvdo unprofitable unto life, (Jod was pleased to give
forth the prouiise of Christ, tho .seed of tho wonnm, as the
means of calling the elect, and begetting in them f;iith and
repentance; in this promise, the gospel, as to thesubstanco
of it, was revealed, and therein cft'ectual for the conversion
and salvation of sinners.

2. This promise of Christ, and salvation by him, is re-
vealed only by the Word of God ; neither do the (vorks of
creation or providence, with the light of nature, make dis-

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ISM

Al'PENDLX.

cuvery of Christ or of grace by him, so iinich us in a general
or obsoure wiiy, much less that men, destitute ot" the revo-
liitiun of him by the |»roiinsc or gospel, slioiiKl be enabled
thereby tu attain saving faith or repentance.

3. The revelation of the gospel unto sinners, miido in
divers times and by sundry parts, with the addition of prom-
ises iind precepts, for the obedience required therein, iis to tiio
natiouy and p(rsi>iis lo whom it is gniiited, i.s Uiorely of iho
Movoreign will and guod pleiisuro of IJud, mil being anno.\c<l
by virtue of any promise to the due improvement of men's)
natural abilities, by virtue of common light received with-
out it, which none ever did make or can so do; and. there-
fore, in all ages the preaching of the gospel has been granted
unto [)ersous and nations, :is to the extending or limiting
of it, in great variety, according to the counsel of the will
of Cud.

4. Although the gospel be tlio only outward means of
revealiug Christ and saving grace, and is, as such, abun-
dantly suflieient thereunto; yet that men, who are dead
in trespasses, may be born again, quickened, or regener-
ated, there is, moreover, necessary an efl'ectual, insupera-
ble work of the Holy Spirit upon the whole ?oul for the
jiroducing in them a new spiritual life, without wdiieh no
other means will effect their conversion unto God.

XXI. Of OuitiSTiAN IiiDi:inv anu Liiifciurv op Co\-
sciENri:. — 1. The liberty which Christ hath purchased for
believers under the gosjtel consists in their freedom from the
guilt of sin, the condemning wrath of (Jtid, and rigor and
curse of the hiw, and in their being delivered from this
present evil world, bouthige to Satan, and dominion of iiin,
fruMi the evil of afflictions, the fear and sting of death, the
viclury of the grave, and everlDSting damnation ; as also in
their free access to God, and their yielding obedience untu
him, not out of slavish fe.ir, but a chilillike love and will-
ing mind.

All which were common also to believers under the law
for the substance of them; but, under the New Testament,
the liberty of Christians' is furtlier enlarged in their free-
dom from the yoke of the ceremonial law, to which the
Jewish church was subjected, and in greater boUhiess of
access to the throne of grace, and in fuller communications
of the free Spirit of God^than believers under the law did
ordinarily partake of.

'1. (iod alone is Lord of the conscience, and hath left it
free from the doctrines and couimandments of men, which
are in anything contrary to his "Word or not contained in it.
So that, to believe such doctrines, or to obey such com-
mands, out of conscience, is to betray true liberty of con-
science; and the requiring of an imjtlicit faith and abso-
lute and blind obedience is to destroy liberty of conscience
and reason also.

'6. They who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, do prac-
tise any sin, or eJierish any -sinful lust, as they do thereby
pervert the main design of the grace of the gospel to their
own destruction, so they wholly destroy the end nf Christian
liberty; which is, that, being delivered out of tlie hands
o^ all our enemies, we might serve the Lord without fear,
in holiness and righteousness before him all the days of
our lives.

XXfl. Ok IlKi.Kiioiis WoHsniP and riir, SAiiiiATii-DAV.
— 1. The light of nature shows that there is a God who hath
lurdship and sovereignty over all ; is just, good, and doth
good unto all J and is therefore to be feared, loved, praised,
called upon, trusted in and .«erved, with all the heart and
all the soul, and with all tlie might. Uut the acceptable

way of worshiping the true God is instituted by himself,
and so limited by his own revealed will that he nuiy not be
worshiped according to the inuiginatiuns and devices of
men, or the suggestions of Satan, under any visible repre-
sentations, \ir any other way not prescribed in the Holy
Scriptures.

2. Religious worship is to be given to God, the Father,
Sun, and Holy Sjiirit, and to him uhuie; not to angels,
saints, or any other creatui <-s ; and, ^ince the fall, not
without a Mediatnr, nor in the mediation of any oilier but
Christ alone,

3. Prayer and thankfulness being one special part of
natural worshi]}, is by God required of all men. But that it
may be accepted, it is to be nntdc in the name of the Son,
by the help of the Spirit, according to his will; with un-
ilerstanding, reverence, humility, fervency, faith, love, and
perseverance, and, with others, in a known tonguo.

4. Prayer is to be made for things lawful, and for all sorts
of men living, or that shall live here:ifler; but not for the
dend, nor for those of wliom it may be known that they
have sinned the sin unto death.

b. The reading of the Scriptures, preaching and hearing
the AVord of God, teaching and admonishing one another
in psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, singing with grace
in uur hearts to the Lord, us also the administration of
baptism and the Lord's Supper, are nil parts of religious
worsliip of God, to be performed in obedience to hira with
understanding, faith, reverence, and godly fear; more-
over, solemn humiliation, with fastings and thanksgiving,
upon s[jeciul occasions, ought to bo usctl in a holy and re-
ligious manner.

6. Neither i)raycr nor any other part of religious worship
is now, under the gospel, tied unto or nnide more accepta-
ble by any place in which it is performed or towards which
it is directed; but God is to be worshiped everywhere in
spirit and in truth; as in jnivate families daily and in
secret, each one by himself, so more solemnly in the public
assemblies, whicli are not carelessly nor willfully to be neg-
lected or forsaken, when God, by liis Word or providence,
ealleth thereunto.

7. As it is the law of nature that in general a ]noportion
of time, by God's appointment, be set apart for the worship
of God, so, by his Word, in a positive, moral, and perpetual
cnmmandment, binding all men in all ages, ho hath par-
ticularly appointed one day in seven for a Sabbath to bo
kept holy unto him, which, from the beginning of the
world to the resunection of Christ, was the last day of the
week, and, from the resurrection of Christ, was changed
into the first day (d" tlur week, which is called the Lord's
day; and is to bo e<intinued to the end of the world as the
Christian Sabbath, the observation of tlie last diiy of the
week' being abolished.

8. The Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord when
men, after a due preparing of their hearts and ordering their
common affairs aforehand, do not only observe a holy rest
all the day from their own works, words, and thoughts
about their worldly employment and recreations, but also
are taken up the whole time in pulilie and private e.ver-
ciscb of his worship, and in the duties of necessity and
mercy.

XXIII. Of Singing or Psai.ms. — I. AVe believe that
singing the praises of God is a holy onlin;iuee id' Christ, and
not a part of natural religion or a moral duty only ; but that
it is brought under divine institution, it being enjoined on
the churches of Christ to sing psalms, hymns, and spiritual

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■ (1. I'I

Tllh] PHILADELPHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH

1357

son^s; and tiiut the wliulc o!iuri;li, ia thoir public assein-
blics (as woil as privatu Cliri,stiansJ, ought to sing (iihI's
|iraisfs aecotilini; tn the best li^^lit tlicy )iavo received.
jMuri'uVLr, it wai |iiLirtiM'il in tlie ^rcat representative
church liy inir l.oid •Ic.-'us (Jhri^t uith his ilisci}ih-s jiltor
lu* h:iil iiisliiMtuil and ccKbiakd the .■^acioil ordiniinco of
liis iiul}' supper as u coniniuniorative tuken ot" icdceniing
jitve. •

XX iV. Oi- J.vwrii. 0 nns anu \*()\vs, — 1. A lawful oatli
is a part of religious wurship, \vliurein tlio jierson t-wcuring
in trulli, rij^htcuusncss, and jud;^nient solumri^v calletli (iod
to witness what lie swearelh, and to judge hiui accordinj^
tu llie truth or falseneris thereof.

2. The nanio of C!ud nnly is tliat by which men ouglit to
swear, and therein it is to be used witli all holy fear and
reverence; therefore to swear vainly or ra.'^hly by that
i^loriou.s and dreadful nunie, or to swear at all by any other
thing, is sinful and to be abliuired; yet, as in matter of
ivcight and moment, lur cunlinnation of truth and ending
all strife, an-oath is warranted by the Word of Ood, so a
lawful oath, being imposed by lawful authority, in such
matters ouj^ht to be taken.

3. Whosoever tnketh an oath warranted by the AVord of
<.iod ought duly to consider the wcighiiucs.s uf so solemn
an act, and then_-in to avouch notliing but what be know-
clli to be the liiiLh; fur that by ra.-h, false, und vainoatlis
the hold is pnnuKrii, and for tiicm this land niouiiis.

■1. An oath is tu bu takiii in tlie plain and common sense
of the wiinb, wilbuiit u(iui\ (H-al lun or mental reservation.

6. A vuw, which is not to be made to any creature, but
to (iod ab)ne, is tu be made and performed with all religious
care and faithfulness; but popish uionastical vows of ];er-
petual single life, piofessed poverty, and regular obedience
are so far from being degrees of higher ]ieifection tliat
they are superstitious and sinful snares in wliicli no Chris-
tian may entangle himself.

XXV. Or TiiK Civil, .MAiii-iTKAri:. — 1. (Jod, the supreme
Lord and king of all the wurld, hatli ordained civil magis-
trates to be under him over the people, for his own glory
und the public good, and to this end hath armed them with
the ])uwer of the sword for defense and cncounigement of
tliem tliat do good and for the punislimcnt of evil-doers.

2. It is lawful 'ifor Cliristiana to accept and execute the
otlice of a magistrate, when called thereunto; in tiie man-
agement whereof, as they ought especially to nniintain
justice and peace, according to tlie wholesome laws of each
Kiugdiiiu ami commonwealth, so, for that end, they may
lawfully now under the Now Testament wage war u]ion
just and necessary occasions,

3. Civil nuigistrates bidng set up by God for the ends
aforesaid, subjection in all lawful things commanded by
them ought to be yielded by us in the Ijord, not only for
wrath but for cunscicnce' sake ; and we ought to make sup-
jilieations and prayers for kings and all that are in au-
thority, that, under them, we may live a quiet and peaceable
life in all godliness and honesty.

XX\'I. Ok Mauiiia<;i-:. — 1. Marriage is to be between
one man and one woman; neither is it lawful for any nnin
to have uiuri' than one wife, nor fur any wonian tu have
more than one hu:?l>and at the same time.

-. Marriage was ordained for the mutual help uf husband
and wife, for the increase of mankiiul with a legitimate
issue, and for preventing of uncleanncss.

3. It is hiwful for all sorts of ]>eoplo to niarry who arc
able witii judgment to give tiieir consent; yet it is the duty

of Christians to niarry in tho Lord ; and thcrcfure such as
pndess the true religion sluuild not marry with infidels or
idolaters, neither shuuld such as are godly be unc)|imlly
^yokcd by marrying with such as are wicked ia their life
or maiiitaiu damnable heresy.

4. jMarriage uiight net to bo witiiin tho degrees of con-
sanguinity or allinity forbidden in the Word ; nor can such
incestaous marriage e\ ei- bo made lawful by any law of
miin or consent uf juirties, so us tlujse persons may live
tugcthcr as man and wife.

XXA'II. Ok nii: ('niitcn. — 1. The catholic or universal
church, which, with respect to tlie internal work of the
Spirit and trutli of grace, may be called invisible, consists of
the wdiole number of the elect that have been, are, or shall be
gathered into one under Christ, the head thereof, and is the
Sjiouse, the body, the fullness of him that tillcth iill in all.

2. All j)ersuiiS, thrungbout the world, pr<jlessiag the faith
of the gu.-;jtcl and ubcilieiiuc unto liud by C'hrist according
anto it, not destroying their own prcdcssion by any errors,
everting the foundation, ur unlmlincss of convcrsati<»n, are
and may be called visible saints; and of such ought all
jiarticular congregations to he constituted.

3. The purest churches under heaven are subject to mix-
ture and error, and some have so degcneralcd as tu become
no churches of Chiist, bul synagogues uf .Satan ; neve-rtlie-
Ji-ss, t^'lirist always hath had ami c\ cr shall have a kingdom
in (his wui Id, to the end Ilicieof, of siu-ii as believe in him
and make profession ot his name.

■1. The Ijord Jesus Christ is the head of the church, in
whom, by the appointment of the Fatlicr, all power for the
calling, institution, order, or government of the charch it.
invested in a sapreaie jind sovereign manner; neither can
the pope of Rome in any sense bo head thereof, but is tliat
Antichrist, that man of sin and son of jjcrdition, that ex-
alteth himself in the chaich against Christ and all that is
called God, whom the Lord shall destroy with the bright-
ness of his coming.

5. In the execution of this power whereuith he is so in-
trusted, the Lord Jesus calleth out of the world unto him-
self, through the ministry of his Word by his Spirit, those
that are given nnto him by his Father, that they may walk
before him in all the ways of obedience which ho pre-
scribclh to Ihem in his Word. Tho;?e thus called he cuai-
mandeth to walk together in jiarticularsoeiclies orchui-chcs,
fur their mutual edilicatiun and the due performance uf
that imblic worship which lie requireth of them in tho
world.-

G. Tho members of these churches are saints by calling,
visibly manifesting and evidencing in and by their pro-
fession and walking their obedience unto tlnit cull of Christ;
and do willingly consent to walk togetlier according to the
ap])ointmcnt of Christ, giving up themselves to the Lord
ami to one another by the will of God, in professed subjec-
tion to the ordinances of the gospel.

7. To each of these churches thus gathered according to
his mind, declared in liis Word, he hath given all that power
and authority wljich Is i\ny way necdiul for their carrying
on tliat order in worship and di-^ciidinu which he iiath in-
stituted fur Iheiii tu ul.^etve. with cummands and rules for
thu due and tight exciting and executing that ]Mj\ver.

S. A particular church, gathcied and completely organ-
ized according to the mind of Christ, consists of ofliccrs and
members ; and the olhccrs, appointed by Christ to be (diusen
und set apart by the church so called and gathered, fur tho
peculiar mhiiinistratiun of ordinances and execution of

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13, "18

J I'FKNDIX.

power or duty which lio intrusts thorn witli, or culls tliom
to, to be ccmlinueii tu tlic cud of the world, arc bishops, or
tilder:^, and deacons.

y. T hu way nppdintcd by Cliritt fur tiio calling of nny per-
son, fitted nnd gifted by tho Holy S])ii it. unti' tin- uliieo of
bishop, or eider, in ii clturcii, is tlmt he lio idio^en tliercunto
by tlio coninion sutlVage of the ciiurcii itt^ell', ;ind yuli-niniy
set apart by fiisting and jn-aycr, wilh iinpo.-iitioii (f1' Imnds
of tlic cldorsliip of the eliureh, if tht-ii; bo any l)eluro con-
stituted therein ; nnd of a deacon, th;it lie bo ciio.sen by tlic
JiltG sulTra;^e, and set apiirt by prayer and tho liite imposi-
tion of hands.

10. Tlio worit of ]i:istors boinj^ constantly to nttend tho
serviceof Christ in his churches, in tho ministry of the Word,
and prayer, witli watchin;,' tor their souls as Ihcy that
must give ail aceouut to him, it is incumbent on the
churches to whom thc^' minister not only to give ilicin all
due rc.s])ect, but :ilsci to eonimunicate to them of all their
good tilings, according to their ability, so as lliey may
have a comfortable supply, witluuit being Ihciiisclves en-
tangleil in secular atVairs, and may also bo capable of ex-
ercising lu'spitality towards others; and this is required
by tho law of nature ami by tho express order f.)^ our Lord
Jesus, who liath ordained that tlicy that preach the guspcl
sluiuld live of the gospel.

11. Although it be incumbent on the bishoiis or pastors
of tho thurelies to be instant in preaching the ^V'ord, by
■way of ulhce, yet tlie work of ^ircachiug the Word is not so
]>eculiarly confined t<> them but that (»tliers aUo gifted
and lilted by tho Holy ."Spirit for it, and appruved and
called by the church, may and ought to pcrfiniu it.

12. As all believeis are bound to join tliemselves tu par-
ticular churches, when and where they have opportunity so
to do, so all that are admitted unto the privileges of a church
are also under the censuses and government thereof, ac-
cording to the rule of Christ.

13. No church members, upon any offense taken by them,
having performed their duty rctjuircd of them towards the
])erson they are oll'cndcd at, ought to disturb church order,
or absent themselves from the assemblies of the churcli, or
adniinistration of any ordinance, npou the account of siudi
ort'ense at any uf their frlluw-members, Ijut to wait upon
Christ in further proceeding uf the church.

14. As each church and all the inembeis of it arc bound
to ])ray continually for the good and prosperity of all the
churches of Christ in all ]ihices, and upon all ucciisions to
furllier it, every one within the bounds of their places and
callings, in the exercise of tlicir gifts and graces, so the
churches, when jihinted by the providence uf (J(»d, so as
they may enjoy opportunity und advantage for it, ought
to liold communion among tliemselves for their peace, in-
crease of love, and mutual edification.

\b. Cases of tlifliculty or dill'crenees, cither in jtoint of
doctrine or administration, wherein either the churches in
general are concerned, or any one church, in tlieJr jieace,
union, and edification ; or any member or members of any
church lire injured in or by any proceedings in censures
nut agreeable to truth and order; it is according to the
mind of Christ that many churches, holding communion
together, do, by their messengers, meet to consider and
give their advice in or about the matter in diiVerencc, to
be reported to all the churches concerneil ; howbeit these
mcsscngcra assembled are not intrusted with any church
power, properly so culled; or with any jurisdiction over
the churches themselves, to exercise any censures cither

over any cliurches or jiersuns ; or to impose their deter-
mination on tho churches or otlices.

XXVIII. Ov TUE Communion ok Saints. — 1. All saints
that arc united to Jesus Christ, their liead, by bis Spirit and
faith, althongh''they are not nunle thereby one jicrson with
him, have fellowship in his graces, sufferings, death, resur-
rection, and glory, and, being united to one another in
love, they have communion in each other's gifts au<l graces,
and are obliged to tho jjcrloruiance of such dutic,', public
and private, in an orderly way, as to comlucc to their
mutual good, both in tlie inward ami outward num.

2. Saints by profession are bound to maintain a holy
fellowship and communion in the worship of God, and in
performing such other spiritual services iis tend to their
mutual edification; as also in relieving each other in out-
ward things, according to their several abilities and neces-
sities ; which C(Miimunion, according to the iiile ol' the
gusjicl, though especially to be exercised t)y thciti in the
relations wherein they stand, whether in iamilics or
churelies, yet as tiod on\;reth ojjpcjitunity, is to Iju ex-
tended tu all the honsehold of laitli, even ail those who
in every place call upon the name of the Lord Jesus;
nevertheless, their cominLiuion one with another as saints
doth not take away or infringe the title or property which
each man hath in his goods anil jmssosions.

XXIX. Of Bai'TIsm ani> the Loan's Sui'imcu. — I. Bap-
tism and the Lord's Supper are ordinances of positive and
sovereign institution, apjxjintcd by the Lca'd Jesus, the
only Lawgiver, tube continued in his church tu the end of
the world.

2. These holy appointments are to be administered by
those only who are qualified and thereunto called, accord-
ing tu the commission of Christ.

XXX. Of Cai'TISM. — I. Baptism is an ordinance of the
New Testament ordained by Jesus Christ, to be unto tho
party baptized a sign of his feliowthip with him in his death
and resurrectiun ; of his being engrafted intu him; of re-
mission of bins; and of his giving up unfo (Jod, through
Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness uf life.

2, Those who ilo actually ]trofcss repentance towards God,,
faith in, and obedient.'C tu our Lord Jesus, are the only
]U'uper subjects of this ordinance.
. 3. The outward element to be used in this ordinance is
water, wherein the ]>arty is to be ba])ti2ed. in the name of
the Father, and of the Sun. and of the Holy Spirit.

4. Immersion, or dipping of the person in water, i&
necessary to the due administration of this ordinance.

XXXf. Of LwiNG ON OF Hands. — 1. We believe that

layi.

of hi

ds, with

prayer. up(

upon liaiilizc'l bclievers,

as such, is an oidinaiirc of Christ, and ought to be sub-
mitted unto by all >.\\A\ persons that are admitted to jiar-
take of the Lord's Supper, and that the end of this ordi-
nance is not for the extraitrdinary gifts of tho Sj>irit, but
for a farther reception uf the Holy Spirit of promise, or fur
the addition of the graces of the Spirit, and the influences
thereof to confirm, strengthen, and comfort them in Christ
Jesus ; it being ratified and e>tablishcd by the extraordinary
gifts of the Spirit in the primitive times, to abide in the
church, as meeting ttigether tni the first day of the week
was, Acts ii. 1, that being the day of worship, or Christian
Sabbath, under the gospel : and as preaching the Word was,
Acts X. 44, and as baptism was. Matt. iii. Hi, and jirayer
was. Acts iv. 31, iiiut singing jjsalins, etc., was, Acts xvi.
2,'>, 2G, so this uf laying on uf hands was, Acts viii. and
,xix. ; for, as the whole gospel was confirmed by signs and

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THE riULADELl'IIIA CONFESSIOM OF FAITH.

1359

womlers, ami divers miracles and gifts of tlio Holy Gliost
in mincriil, so was ovury ordinance in liiiu inannor con-
firniud iji partioular.

XXXII. Or TiiK Loiiii's Sci'i'Kn.— 1. 'I'lccSniipcrof tlio
Lord ,Io-us was iiistitiitud by him the s;uiio ni^jlit wlieruin
lie waa betrayed, to be observed in bis chtirelics unto tlio
end (if tlio world, for tlie (lerpetual reiiienibraiiee and show-
ing forth the saerifioe of himself iir his death, eonlirination
• of the faith of believers in all the benelits thereof, Iboir
spiritual nourishment and growtli in liiin, their further
engageinont in and to all duties wliieli tliey owe unto him,
and to be a bond and pledge of their eommuiiion with liim
anil with each other.

2. In this ordinance, Christ is not ofl'cred up to his Father,
nor any real sacriliee made at all lor remission of sin, of
the iiuioU or dead, but only a memorial of that one offer-
ing up of himself by himself upon the cross, once for all;
and a sjiiritual oblation of all possible praise unto (iod for
tlie same. So that the ])(jpish sacrifice of the mass, as they
call it, is most abominable, injurious to Christ's own only
sacriliee, the alone )iri.piliMtion fur all the sins of the elect.

3. The Lord .Jesus halli in lliis ordinance ap]ioinled his
iiiinisteis to piay, and bless the clcinents of brc.ul and
wine, .ind llicieby to set them apart from a eonimon to ii
holy use, and to take and break the bread, to take the
oup, and, they communicating also tlicmsclvcs, to give
both lo the coniitiuiiicants.

4. The denial of the cu|) to the people, worshiping the
elements, the lilting them up or carrying them about for
adoration, ami reserving tlieni for any pretended religious
use, are all contrary to the nature of this ordinance and to
the institution of Christ.

i. Tlieuutward elements of tliis ordinance, duly set apart
to the uses ordained by Cbiist, have such relation to him
crucified as Ijiat truly, alllmugh in terms used figuratively,
they are soiiictiiiies called by the name of the things they
represent, to wit, the boily and blood of Christ, albeit in
substance and nature lliey still remain truly and only
bread and wine, as tliey were before.

6. The doctrine wbichmain'tains a change of the substance
of bread and wine into the substance of Christ's body and
blood, commonly called transubstantiation, by consecra-
tion of a priest, or by any other way, is repugnant, not to
Serijituro almie, but even to common sense and reason, over-
Ibroweth tho nature of the ordinance, and hath been and
is the cause of manifold superstitions, yea, of gross idola-
tries.

7. Worthy receivers, outwardly partaking of the visible
elements in this ordinance, do then also inwanlly, by faith
really and indeed, yet not carnally and corporeally, but
spiritually, receive and feed upon Christ criicilied and all
tlie benelits of bis death; the body and blood of Christ
being then not corporeally or carnally, but spiritually pres-
ent to the faith of believers in that ordinance, us the ele-
ments tbeniselvcs are to their outward senses.

8. All ignorant and ungodly persons, as they are unfit to

enjoy communion with Christ, so are they unworthy of tho
Lord's table, and cannot, without great sin against liini,
while they remain such, partake of these holy mysteries,
or be admitted thereunto; yea, whosoever shall receive un-
worthily, are guilty of the body and blood of the Lord,
eating and drinking judgment to themselves.

XXXrir. Of tuk state of Man .ai-tku Dkatii ano or
TUK I'.Ksi'uiiiaiTlo.N ol' TUK IlEAn.— 1. The bodies of men
aftcrdeatli returntodust and see corruption; but tlicirsouls,
which neillicr die nor sleep, having an inimorlal subsist-
ence, immediately return to Goil who gave them; the
souls of tho rigliteinis, being then made perfect in holi-
ness, are received into paradise, where they are with
Christ, and behold tho face of Cod, in light and glory,
waiting for the full redemption of their bodies; and tho
souls of the wicked are east into hell, where they remain
in torment and utter darkness, reserved to the judgment
of the great day ; besides these two places for souls scjai-
rated from their bodies, the Scripture acknowledgeth none.

2. At the last day, such of the saints as arc found alive
shall not sleep but be changed, and all tho dead shall be
raised up with the selfsame bodies, and none other; al-
Ihoiigh with dilVcoeiit (pialilies, which shall be united again
to their souls forever.

3. The bodies of tho unjust shall, by the power of Christ,
be raised to dishonor; the bodies of the just, by his Spirit,
unto honor, and be made conformable to his own glojious
body.

XXXIV. Or TTIK Last Jui>GMi:Nr.— 1. God hath ap-
pointed a day wherein ho will judge the world in righteous-
ness by Jesus Christ, to wliom all jiower and judgment is
given of the Father; in which day not only the apostate
angels shall be judged, but likewise all jiersons that have
lived upon the earth shall appear before the tribunal of
Christ to give an aeeount of their tlioughts, words, and
deeds, and to receive according to what they have done
in the body, wlicther good or evil.

-. The cml of God's appointing this day is for the mani-
festation of the glory of his mercy in the eternal salvation
of the elect; and of his justice in the eternal damnation
of the reprobate, who are wicked and disobedient; lor
then shall tho righteous go into everlasting life, and re-
ceive that fullness of joy and glory with everlasting reward
in the presence of tho Lord; but th<j wicked, who Unow
not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall bo
cast into eternal torments, and punislicd with everlasting
de^truction from the presence of the Lord and from the
glory of Ills jiower.

3. As Christ would have ns to be certainly persuaded that
there shall be a day of judgment, both to deter all men
from sin and for tho greater consolation of the godly in
their adversity, so will he have that day unknown to men, '
that they may shako off all carnal security, and be always
walehl'ul, because they know not at what hour the Lord
will come, and may ever bo prejiared to say. Come, Lord
Jesus, come quickly. Amen.

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1300

APPENDIX.

THE NEW HAMPSHIRE DECLARATION OF FAITIi;

I. Of tiiic Scrii'TU[li:s. — Wc believe timt the holy Jiiblc
was written by men divinely inspired, and is a perfect
treasure of heavenly iiistriielion ; tliat it lias Ood iur its
aut.hor, salvation fur its end, and truth without any mix-
ture of error for its matter; tliut it reveals the ]vriiici]iles
by wliich Uod will judj^e u.-i, and therelurc is, and shall re-
main to the end of the world, the true centre of Chiistian
union, and the supremo standard by whieh all human con-
duct, creeds, and ojjinions should be tried.

II. Of Tllii TnUE (jOU. — We believe that there is one,
and only one, living and true God, an infinite, intelligent
Spirit, whose name is Jehovah, the l\laker and Stiprenie
Kuler of heaven and earth, inexpressibly glorious in holi-
ness, and worthy of all possible honor, confidence, and
love; that in the unity of the tjodhead there arc three per-
sons,— the Father, theiSon,and the Holy (ihost, — etiual in
every ili vine ])er feet ion, and exeeutiii;^ distiiiet but har-
monious otlices in the great work of redemption.

III. Of thk Fall of Man. — AVe believe that nnm was
created in holiness, uiuler the law of his Maker; but by
voluntary tran.'^gression fell from that holy and ha]ii>y
state; in consequence of which all mankind are now sin-
ners, not by constraint but choice; being by nature utterly
void of that holincsa required by the law of Gud ; positively
inclined to evil ; and therefore under just condemnation to
eternal ruin, withoitl defense or excuse.

I\'. (>i- TiiK \V.\v OF Salvation. — We believe that the
salvutiuu of sinners is wholly of j^ra'C ; through the me-
diatorial otliees of the Son of God ; who by the appointment
of the Father, freely took upon bim our nature, yet with-
out sin ; honored the divine law by his personal obedience,
and by his death nnule a full atonement for our sins; that
having risen from the dead, he is now enthroned in
heaven; and uniting in his wonderful person the tender-
eat sympathies with di\ine peid'ectiuns, lie is every wuy
qualified to be a suitable, a compassionate, and an all-
suflieient Saviour.

V. Of Ju.STiFicATioN. — AVe believe that the great gospel |
blessing which Christ secures to such as bcliove in him, is j
justification; that justification includes the pardon of sin,
and the promise of eternal life on jnineiplcs of righteous-
ness; that it is be.Ttowed, not in consideration of any works
of righteousness which we have done, but solely through
faith in the lledcemcr's blood ; by virtue of which faith
his perfect righteousness ia freely imputed to us of God;
that it brings us into a state of mo^'t blessed peace and
favor with God, and secures every other blessing needful
for time and ctornity.

VI. Or TiiK FitLKNKSH OF Sai-vatio.s. — Wo bclicvo that
the blessings of salvation are nnule free to all by tlio goh-

" Cuttlng'u IlUtoricid Vindicatiuntj, p. IDl,

pel ; that it is the immediate duty of all to accept them by
a cordial, penitent, and obedient faith; and thiit nothing
prevents the salvation of the greatest sinner on earth but
his own determined dejiravity and vtduntary rejection of
the gosjiel; which rejection involves him in an aggravated
condemnation.

VII. Of Gkacb in RKiiiCNKUATiON. — ^Ve believe that in
order to be savevl sinners must be regenerated, or born
igain ; that regeneration consists in giving a holy disjiosi-
tion to the mind ; 'that it is eficcted in a nianner above our
conijn-cbcnsion by the power of the Holy Spirit, in connec-
tion with divine truth, so as to secure our voluntary obe-
dience to the gosjjel ; and that its projjcr evidence appears
in the holy fruits of repentance, and faith, and newness of
life.

VIII. Of RF.picNTANcr: and Faith. — AVe believe that
rejientance and laith are sacred duties, and also in:>epaia-
ble gnlccs, wrought in our souls by the regenerating Spirit
of God; whereby, being deeply convinced of our guilt,
danger, and heljdessness, and of the way of salvation by
Christ, we turn to God witli unfeigned contrition, confes-
sion, and supplication for mercy ; at the same time heart-
ily receiving the Lord Jesus Christ as our Projdiet, Priest,
and King, and relying on him alone as the only and all-
sulhcient Saviour.

IX. Of (iuit's I'uni'osK of (iraik. — We believe tliat
election is the etermil purpose of God, according tu which
he graciously regenerates, sanctifies, and saves tinners,
that being perfectly consistent with the free agency of
man, it eoni]irehends all the means in connection with the
end; that it is a most glorious di.eplay of God's bovereign
goodness, being infinitely free, wise, holy, and unchange-
able*, tliat it utterly excludes boasting, and promotes hu-
mility, love, j)ra'yer, jtraise, trust in (iod. and active imi-
tation of li-is free mercy; that it cncourjiges the use of
means in the highest degree; that it may be ascertained
by its effects in all who truly believe the gospel ; that it is
the foundation of Christian assurance; and that to ascer-
tain it with regard to ourselves demands and deserves the
utnmst diligence.

X. Of Sanctification. — AVe believe that sanctification
is the jirocess by which, acctirding to the will of God, we
are made j)artakers of his holiness, tliat it is a progressive
work; that it is begun in regeneration; and that it is car-
ried on in the hearts of believers by the ^)resence and ■
power of the Holy Spirit, the Sealer and Comforter, in
the continual use of the a))pointed means — especially, the
AVord of God, aolf-cxaminution, self-denial, watchfulness,
and prayer.

XI. Of TIIK pKiiSKVEitANCK OF Saints. — AVc bcUeve that
such only are real believers as endure nnto the end; that
their i)ersevering attachment to Christ is tlie gran<l mark

MfTIAH 10 Yii)]'^

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illO'l l(h>'<

THE NEW HA^ri'S/llRE DECLARATION OF FAITH.

VMW

which distinguishes them t'roin sujicriicial professors; that
a s|icuial proviilence watches over their welfare; and they
arc kt'pL by the power of God llirougli faith unto salva-
tion.

XII. Ok rnn: II.mi.mony or thi; Law ami tiik CIospel.
— Via believe lliiit the law of Uod is the etornal and un-
cluingoable rule of iiis moral {;ovornnjenl ; that it i.s holy,
just, and K^od ; and that tlio inability wliii-h the Strrip-

.tiires ascribe to fallen men to fiillill its i)recepts, arises en-
tirely from their love of sin; to deliver them from which,
and to restore theni through a mediator to unfeigned obe-
dience to the holy law, is one great end of the gospel, and
of the means of grace connected witli tlic establi.--hnient of
the visible church.

XIII. Ok a Gosi'KL Church. — We believe that a visi-
ble church of Christ is a fongrcgation of baptized be-
lievers, associated by covenant in the faith and fellowship
of the gospel; observing the ordinances of Christ; gov-
erned by his laws; and exercising the gifts, rights, and
privileges invested in theui by his Word; that its only
scriptural oflicers are bishojis or pastors,' and deacons
whoso qualilications, claims, and duties are defined in tlie
epistles to Timothy and Titus.

XIV. Ok liAPTisM AND THE Lohd's SuppEn. — We be-
lieve that Christian baptism is the immersion in water of
a believer, into the name of the Father, and Son, and
Holy Ghost; to show forth, in a solemn and beautiful em-
blem, our faith in the crucified, buried, and risen Saviour,
with its effect, in our death to sin and resurrection to a
now life; that it is iircrcijuisito to the privileges of a
church relation; and to the Lord's Supper, in which the
members of the church by the sacred use of bread and

wine, are to commemorate together the dying lovo of
Christ; preceded always by solemn self-examination.

XV. Ok. thk CiiiiisriAN SAbui-rii. — We believe that (lie
lirH day of tho week is the Lord's day, or Christian Siib-
biith; and is to bo kept sacred to religious jiurposes, by
abstaining from all secular labor and sinful recreations;
by the devout ob.sor\'aiU'e of all the means of grace, both
private and public; and by pi cp.iralioii fur Unit rest that
reinaineth for the jieople <if (iod.

XVI. Op Civil Oovehnment. — Wo believe that civil
government is of divine appointment, for tlie interests
and good order of human society; and that magistrates
are to bo prayed for, conscieritiously honored, and obeyed ;
except only in things op|iosed to tlie will of our Lord .Jesus
Christ, who is the only Lord of the conscience, and the
Prince of the kings of the earth.

XVII. Of THt; Hi(inrKOiis and 'rnn AVuked. — We be-
lieve that there is a radical and essential dilfcrence between
the righteous and the wicked; that such only as through
faith are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and sanc-
tified by the Sjiirit of our Cod, are truly righteous in his
esteem ; while all such as continue in impenitence and un-
belief are in his sight wicked, and under the {;urse ; and
this distinction holds among men both in and after death.

XVIII. Ok Till-; Would to Come. — We believe that the
end of this world is approaching; that at the last day,
Christ will descend from heaven, and raise the dead from
the grave to final retribution; that a solemn separation
will then take place; that the wicked will be adjudged to
endless punishment, and the righteous to endless joy ; and
tliat this judgment will fix forever tho final state of men
in lieavcn or hell, on jirineiples of righteousness.

[For rt IVirm of Chiircli Covenant, see page 283.]

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1362

APPENDIX.

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Fac-simile from original Records, of Ihe order for Ihe banishment of Roger Williams.

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lu35^ "Wliereas Mr. Roger Williams, ooe of the elders of tbe c)iarcli of Salem, bath broached and divulged dyverfl Dew« aod daugeroua opicioQS against

Srd tiept, the aucthorile of magiatraies, us also with oibera of defamcon. both of the magistrates and churches here, aod that before any convicoon, bqiI yoC

mftintaiDcih the same without retraccon, it is therefore ordered, that the said Mr. Williams sbull depto out of tiii* juri;*diccoa within aixe weekeS

Dowe nexto enbueiug, wch if bee neglect to pfurme,' it shall be lawful! for the Gouv'r and two uf. iha magistrates to ueud hiiu to some placd

out of this jurisdiccon, not to returoo any more without licence from the Court

Order banishing the Founders of the First Baptist Church in Boston.

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May. Whereas Thomaa Gold (and others) obstinate and turbulent Aonabaptists, have some time since combined themselves wh others in a pretended

lotio, church estatex»x"xif to i ibe great griefe and offence of the*godly orlhodnx. ««» * «x*xaiid about Iwo years aioco were eojoyoed by Lhis Court to

desist from said practiae and to returna to our nUowed Cllurch Asaembliea,** ji«jc xihls Court doo judge it necessary that ilii^y be removed to

Borae other part of ihia couQtry or (jlaowhere: aad flccorjiugt/ doeib. urdec that (thay) ' do& btfore the twcmioih. of July nest remove, ihomaelvet

out oC this juciadLccaD.

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ROGER AVILLIAMS TO JOHN WINTHROP, Jii.

For the WonsiiiPFULL Mr John Wintiirop at
NiiMr.UG These.
Sir, — Respective salutacions to you both and
sister Lake : At tliis iiistaut (tlio first of tlio weeke
toward iiocjiie) I receave yourse aud shall be glad
(if Gild will) you may gaiiie a reasonable passage
by us before the hardest of winter, altliou^li I can-
not advice you (but to pray ai^'ainst winter flights
and journeyes) yet if the neeessitie of God's provi-
dence so cast it I shall Ije glad that we might liave
you Prisoner in these parts yet once in a few dayes
(thougli in deepe snow) liero is a beaten jjath &c.
Sir NenC'kunat againe importunes me to write to
youre Father and youreselfe about his and hunt-
ing at I'eijut, tliat you would allso be pleased to
write to youre Father. I have endeavoured to sat-
isfie him wiiat I can, and slmll, yet I am willing at
present to writer to you, not so much conceaving
that you can further gratifie him at this time, but
that 1 may by this opportunitie salute you with the
tidings from tlie Bay tlie last night. !-!kipp(u- Isaack
and Aloline are come into the J5ay with a l)utoli
ship and (as it is said) liave brought h'tters from
the States to call homo tiiis present Dutch Gover-
nonro to answer many complaints both from Dutch
and Knglish against him : In this ship are come
English passengers and bring word of the great
Trialls it jileaseth the Most Iligli and only Wise to
exercise both oure native England aud tiiese parts
allso.

The Prince is said to be strong at sea and among
otlior misehiefes, has taken Mr. 1'rerice his ship
which went from hence, and sent it for France it
seeuies their Eendevouz.

It is said that after Cromwell had discomfited
the Welsh, with COOO he was forced to ineounter
19 thousand Scots of whonie he tooke 9000 prison-
ers &c. — great store of Scots and AVellsh are sent
and sold as slaves into other parts : Ciomwell wrote
to the Parliament, that he hoped to be at Edinburg
in few dayes.

A commission was sent from tlie Parliament to
try the King in the He of Wight, lately prevented
from escape.

'J'he Prince of Orenge and the States are falling,
if not already fallen into 'Warrs which makes some
of the States to tender Munufidoes as place of Re-
treat.

Sir to him in whose favour is Life I leave you,
desiring in liini to be

Youre AVorslii|is unworthy

UuOKll A\''ll,LrAMS.

John prays you to be earnest with Mr IloUet
about his bowse hoping to he back in a fortnight.

(Labeled, " rec'd dec'',— undoubtedly 1048. —
J.B.)

Mass. -Hist. Collections, Third Scries, vol. is. pp.
276-77.

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